Sramana 2010 10

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh, Shreeprakash Pandey
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525074/1

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ISSN-0972-1002 zramaNa SRAMANA A Quarterly Research Journal of Jainology Vol. LXI No. IV October-December 2010 pArzva nA tha vi dyA pI Tha, vA rA Na sI

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zramaNa SRAMANA A Quarterly Research Journal of Jainology Vol. LXI No. IV October-December 2010 EDITOR Prof. Sudarshan Lal Jain JOINT EDITOR Dr. Shriprakash Pandey Publisher Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi (Recognized by Banaras Hindu University as an external Research Centre)

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zramaNa SRAMANA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA A Quarterly Research Journal of Parsvanatha Vidyapitha Vol. LXI No. IV October-December-2010 ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Shugan C. Jain, Chairman; Prof. Cromwell Crawford, Hawaii; Prof. Anne Vallely, Canada; Prof. Peter Flugel, London; Prof. Christopher Key Chapple, USA; Prof. Ramjee Singh, Bhagalpur; Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Shajapur; Prof. K.C. Sogani, Jaipur; Prof. D.N. Bhargava, Jaipur, Prof. Prakash C. Jain, Delhi EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. M.N.P. Tiwari, Dept. of History of Art, B.H.U.; Prof. K. K. Jain, Dept. of Jaina Evam Bauddha Darshan, B.H.U.; Prof. Viney Jain, Gurgaon; Dr. A.P. Singh, Dept. of History, B.D.C., Sikandarpur. ISSN: 0972-1002 Subscription Annual Membership Life Membership For Institutions : Rs. 500.00 For Institutions : Rs. 5000.00 For Individuals : Rs. 150.00 For Individuals : Rs. 2000.00 Per Issue Price : Rs. 50.00 Membership fee and articles can be sent in the favour of Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, I T I Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-221005 Published by Shri Indrabhooti Barar, for Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, I. T. I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-221005, Ph. 0542-2575521, 2575890 Email: pvpvaranasi@gmail.com, pvvaranasi@gmail.com Type setting-V. C.Mishra, Parvatipuri Colony, Kamachcha, Vns. Printed by- Anand Kumar for Mahaveer Press, Bhelupur, Varanasi noTaH patrikA meM prakAzita vicAra aura tathya lekhaka ke apane haiN| yaha Avazka nahIM ki sampAdaka unake vicAra aura tathyoM se sahamata hoM / NOTE: The facts stated and views expressed in the Journal are those of authors only. The Editor/Editors may not be agreed with the facts stated in the article.

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sampAdakIya nava varSa kI maMgala kAmanA- dinAGka 5 navambara 2010 ko dIpAvalI parva para Apane nizcaya hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2537vA~ nirvANa divasa bhaktibhAva pUrvaka manAyA hogA aura antastala ke gahana andhakAra ko AtmA kI divya jyoti se dUra kiyA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa se prArambha hone vAle isa navIna saMvatsara para hamArI maMgala kAmanAe~ svIkAra kreN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra ne bhI isa dina apane 73 varSa pUre karane para dIpotsava sotsAha sammilita rUpa se mnaayaa| jijJAsA-samAdhAna meM isa parva para vizeSa lekha bhI isa aMka meM de rahe haiN| isake sAtha hI isa traimAsika meM samAhita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jayantI 31 disambara 2010 para hamArI badhAiyA~ svIkAra kreN| IsavIya varSa 2010 kA samApana bhI isI dina ho rahA hai aura rAtri 12 baje ke bAda agalA suprabhAta IsavIya san 2011 kA ho rahA hai| IsAmasIha kA janma dina, 'krisamasa' bhI 25 disambara ko hai| isa hetu bhI zramaNa-parivAra Apa sabake prati agrima maMgalakAmanA karatA hai| zramaNa kA yaha aMka aura vidyApITha- maiMne apane pichale aMka (julAIsitambara 2010) meM kahA thA ki agalA aMka ISSJS meM samAgata videzI vidvAnoM ke zodha-lekhoM kA hogA parantu use hama aparihArya kAraNoM se isa aMka ke sAtha nahIM de pA rahe haiM, bAda ke kisI aMka meM dene kA pUrA prayAsa kreNge| isa aMka meM pUrvavat hindI-aMgrejI ke lekhoM ke sAtha 'zramaNa-atIta ke jharokhe meM kA dvitIya khaNDa prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isameM I. san 1998 se disambara 2010 taka ke zramaNa meM prakAzita lekhoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai jo zodhArthiyoM ko upayogI hogii| zramaNa ke isa aMka ke mukhapRSTha para SaD-lezyA kA citra diyA gayA hai jo jaina darzana ke manovijJAnika cintana ko darzAtA hai| krodha Adi kaSAyoM se anuraMjita- mana, vacana aura zarIra kI gatividhiyoM kI avanati va unnati ke stara ko batalAne vAlI lezyAe~ hotI haiN| pratyeka jIva ke zarIra ke cAroM ora jo AbhAmaNDala (Oura) hotA hai usake raMga ko bhI ye batalAtI haiN| ye AtmA ke sAtha karma-bandha meM goMda kI taraha kArya karatI haiN| ye chaH prakAra kI haiM aura apane raMga ke anusAra vyakti ke caritra ko batalAtI haiN| kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta (teja), padma aura zukla inake mAdhyama se vyakti apanI AdhyAtmika sthiti ko samajha sakatA hai| yaha citra hameM DaoN. zuganacanda jaina ke saujanya se prApta huA hai| Age bhI hama isI taraha ke citra mukhapRSTha

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- iv : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 para dete rheNge| AgAmI aMkoM (janavarI-mArca 2011) se zramaNa kI sAija, lekhoM ke stara Adi ko aura acchA banA rahe haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM jaina sAdhviyoM tathA adhyayanarata chAtrAoM ke lie eka nayA zrI dhanapatarAja suzIlA bhaMsAlI vidyA-bhavana banakara taiyAra ho gayA hai jisake puNyArjaka haiM zrI dhanapatarAja bhaMsAlI. vaaraannsii| yaha vidyAbhavana unhoMne apane mAtA-pitA kI preraNA se unakI hI smRti meM banavAyA hai| isakA vidhivat anuSThAnapUrvaka udghATana 16 janavarI 2011 ko hogaa| isI avasara para pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se prathama bAra prakAzita inasAiklopIDiyA, khaNDa prathama - 'Art and Architecture' kA bhI lokArpaNa hogaa| vidyApITha meM dinAMka 9 navambara se 30 navambara 2010 taka indirA gAMdhI rASTIya kalA kendra, vArANasI ke saujanya se 'pANDulipi saMpAdana aura samIkSA para eka kAryazAlA Ayojita huI jisakA vivaraNa 'vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa' kAlama meM diyA gayA hai| isameM vidyApITha ke nidezaka kA sakriya sahayoga rhaa| ___DaoN. zugana canda jaina ke mArgadarzana meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha aba pI.vI.AI.esa.je.esa. (PV-ISJS) globala senTara ke rUpa meM kArya kara rahA hai jisake mAdhyama se yahA~ videzI chAtroM, vidvAnoM ko jainadharma se paricita kiyA jA rahA hai| kaI nayI yojanAe~ bhI zurU ho rahI haiN| vizeSa ke lie dekheM 'vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa' zIrSaka meN| ___ 'Apa pAThakoM ke dvArA zramaNa pasanda kiyA jA rahA hai' yaha jAnakara prasannatA huii| hama cAhate haiM ki apane naye rUpa meM yaha samaya se pUrva Apa taka pahu~ca jaae| hama vidyApITha meM vizeSa vyAkhyAnoM kA Ayojana bhI karate haiN| zIghra hI 'karmagrantha' kA 5vA~ bhAga tathA 'jaina kumAra saMbhava' prakAzita ho jaayegaa| 'anya prakAzanoM para bhI kArya pUrNa hone ko hai| ___ anta meM maiM apane sabhI sahayogiyoM kA AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne bar3I lagana aura mehanata se isake saMpAdana meM sahayoga kiyA hai| DaoN. zAradA siMha ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ jinhoMne prUpha rIDiMga kI tathA 'zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM' kA saMkalana kiyaa| sAtha hI zrI vimala candra mizra jinhoMne TaMkaNa kArya kiyA aura zrI Ananda kumAra jaina jinhoMne chapAI kA kArya kiyA unheM bhI dhanyavAda detA huuN| hama una sabhI lekhakoM ke AbhArI haiM jinake lekha yahA~ chape haiN| sampAdaka sudarzanalAla jaina

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zramaNa akTUbara-disambara 2010 viSayasUcI 07-19 20-24 25-31 32-38 39-49 1. AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa pro. revAprasAda dvivedI 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI sukhabodhA vRtti : eka samIkSA DaoN. eca. sI. jaina 3. tattvArthasUtra ke kucha binduoM para vicAra _____ DaoN. vandanA mehatA 4. dhyAna : eka anuzIlana DaoN. rUbI jaina 5. puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana DaoN. madhubAlA jaina 6. vaidika va zramaNa paramparA meM samAna dhArmika kriyAyeM DaoN. manISA sinhA 1. Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition Dr. Shanti Swaroop Sinha 2. Jaina Ethics and Its Refletions on Society Prof. (Smt.) Rekha Chaturvedi jijJAsA aura samAdhAna (dIpAvalI parva, namokAra maMtra) vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM jaina jagat sAhitya-satkAra zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM 50-54 55-64 65-74 75-79 80-84 ____85 86-89 85 90-136

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aMka 4 zramaNa, varSa 61, akTUbara-disambara - 2010 AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa pro. revAprasAda dvivedI * [ vidvAn lekhaka dvArA 19 pharavarI 2008 ko vizvavidyAlaya pATana meM pro. nandI dvArA sampAdita "kAvyAnuzAsana" ke prakAzana ke avasara para uttara gujarAta meM hemacandrAcArya viSaya para die gaye vyAkhyAna kA yaha lekhabaddha rUpa hai| lekhaka ne saMskRta kAvya sAhitya vijJa abhinavagupta se tulanA karake AcArya hemacandra ke vyaktitva ko utkRSTa batAyA hai| prasaGgavaza anya kAvya- zAstriyoM kI samIkSA karate hue tathA apane mata ko prastuta karate hue hemacandrAcArya ke svatantra- cintana ko sarAhA hai / ] saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM jo sthAna AcArya abhinavagupta kA hai lagabhaga vahI athavA usase bar3A sthAna AcArya hemacandra kA ThaharatA hai| AcArya abhinavagupta AjIvana taporata rhe| ve kazmIra ke zaiva pITha ke mahAmahezvarAcArya bhI the| hemacandra ko abhinava gupta ke bAda ke AcAryoM ko anupalabdha grantha bhI upalabdha the| kintu unakA sAhityika yogadAna sAhityazAstra ke kSetra meM kevala bolakara likhAI gayI do TIkAoM taka sImita hai, jabaki AcArya hemacandra kA lekhakIya yogadAna caturastra aura sAhityazAstra ke kSetra meM bhI spRhaNIya hI nahIM, advitIya hai| unhoMne kAvyAnuzAsana nAmaka eka svatantra grantha to diyA hI, usa para svayaM viveka nAmaka vistRta vivaraNa bhI diyA, jisakI sAmagrI aitihAsika bhI hai aura upAdeya bhI / unhoMne grantha - lekhana meM bhI prAcIna paddhati ko punarjAgaraNa diyA aura sAhityazAstra ko maharSi pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI paddhati pradAna kii| yaha paddhati sugama bhI thI aura pracalita bhI / kAvyAnuzAsana meM unhoMne anucchedoM ko adhyAya nAma die / sAhityazAstra ke sabhI viSayoM kA navIna samAyojana bhI kiyA aura usameM kAvyaprakAza jaisI DhIla nahIM Ane dii| kAvyaprakAza kA tRtIya ullAsa usI prakAra dvitIya ullAsa meM jor3A jA sakatA thA jisa prakAra navama ullAsa dazama meM aura pUrA kAvyaprakAza kevala ATha ullAsoM meM rakhA jA sakatA thaa| cAhate to mammaTa bhI apane kAvyaprakAza * prophesara imerITsa saMskRta sAhitya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii|

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8 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 ke anucchedoM ko ullAsa ke sthAna para adhyAya nAma de sakate the jabaki ve vaiyAkaraNavaMza meM paidA hue the| yadyapi ve utpanna hue the kazmIra kI urvara kalpanA kI bhUmi meM tathApi yaha prasiddha hI hai ki unakI kAvyanirmANazakti lagabhaga durbala thI, jabaki AcArya hemacandra kA saMskRta bhASA kA kAvyalekhana bhI advitIya thA, jaisA ki unakI amara kRti 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritam' se spaSTa hai, jisameM lekhana kA 'pAka' nAmaka guNa bhI atyanta praur3hi ke sAtha upalabdha hai| kAvyanirmANazakti AcArya abhinavagupta meM bhI itanI acchI thI ki ve kAvyakalA meM sumeruzRGga kA sthAna pAne yogya apane yuga kA pUrNa aura sahI pratinidhitva karate the, tathApi ve koI svatantra kAvyakRti nahIM de paae| isa avasara para maiM jaina santoM kA smaraNa atIva Adara ke sAtha karanA cAhUMgA jinhoMne prAcIna granthoM kI pratilipi ko dharmAnuSThAna kA svarUpa diyA aura usa samaya bhI apane vizAla vAGmaya ko bacAe rakhA, usa samaya mudraNa kalA kA vikAsa nahIM thA / kAlidAsa - sAhitya ke kSetra meM merA anubhava yaha hai ki kAlidAsa - sAhitya para likhI gaI jaina TIkA-viSayaka jaina- paramparA bhI aneka sthAnoM para mahattvapUrNa hai| - - sAhityazAstra hI nahIM AcArya hemacandra kA sAhityika avadAna anya aura chUTe zAstroM tathA aspRSTa viSayoM taka vyApaka hai| maiM to kevala do hI kSetroM meM simaTA rahA -- eka saMskRta kAvyazAstra aura dUsarA kAlidAsa sAhitya | ina donoM meM merI jo upalabdhiyA~ haiM unase maiM svayaM ko kRtakRtya mAnatA huuN| kAlidAsa sAhitya se maiMne akAlidAsIya sAhitya chA~Ta diyA hai aura kAlidAsa kA mUlapATha bhI lagabhaga asaMgatiyoM se mukta aura susiddhAntita kara liyA hai| kAvyazAstra meM mujha para hI mAtA sarasvatI kI kRpA huI ki mujhe hI sarvasamanvayI mahAvAkya 'alaM brahma' prApta huaa| camatkAra yA Ananda hI jaba kAvya kA upeya hai taba kAvya kA bhI vahI gantavya ThaharatA hai jo darzana kA hai, kyoMki Ananda ekamAtra brahma hI hotA hai| yaha aisI upalabdhi hai jisameM hama vicAra ke pratyeka kSetra meM apanI ekarUpatA aura asmitA bacAe milate haiN| isa vizeSatA ke sAtha ki darzana to hameM kevala Ananda kA mArga dikhalAtA hai, jabaki sAhitya hameM sIdhe Ananda ke sudhAsAgara meM nimagna kara detA hai| rahI bAta kSaNikatA kI to usakA koI paritApa nahIM 'varamadyakapotaH zvomayUrAt' nyAya se| mujhe 'saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' bhI likhanA par3A hai aura maiM samajhatA hU~ ki merI caturdhAma evaM kalpapaJcaka sthApanA bhI vaijJAnika

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 9 hai| yahI ekamAtra mArga thA jisase AlocanA ko samagratA mila sakI hai| isI se rasa ko kAvya meM sthAna mila skaa| anyathA vaha pheMka diyA gayA thA rasika meM, jo kAvya kA anubhavitA hai, kAvya nhiiN| udbhaTa taka ke AcArya isa tathya se avagata the| ve vastuvAdI aura tathyapUrNa AlocanA ke pakSapAtI the| dhvanivAdiyoM ke samAna ve kalpanAloka ke viparyasta vicAraka nahIM the| hama adhyetA bhI bhAvanA meM adhika bahe aura isI viparyAsa kI sthiti meM isa deza kI prajJA ne kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa kI madhyavartI eka sahasrAbdI (I. san 800 se 2000) bitA dii| AcArya hemacandra bhI yadyapi isI avadhi kI dena haiM tathApi ve adhika bhAvuka na hokara kucha sAvadhAna milate haiN| apane itihAsa meM hamane AcArya hemacandra ko ucita gaurava diyA hai| unheM dhvanivAdI Anandavardhana, abhinavagupta aura mammaTa ina tInoM AcAryoM kA jJAna hai kintu ve inake samAna ativAdI nahIM haiN| ve svayaM bhI vicAra karate aura apane tarkoM ke sAtha svatantra nirNaya lete haiN| yaha tathya unake nimnalikhita nirNayoM se pramANita hai 1. kAvyaprayojana ke rUpa meM mammaTa ne jo cha: lAbha ginAe the unameM se AcArya hemacandra ne kevala tIna lAbhoM ko apanAyA-Ananda, yaza aura kAntAsammita upadeza ko| dhana, vyavahAra-kauzala tathA anarthanivAraNa ko vaikalpika sthAna bhI nahIM diyaa| unakA kathana hai dhanamanaikAntikam, vyavahArakauzalaM zAstrebhyo'pianarthanivAraNam / prakArAntareNApIti na kAvyaprayojanatayA asmAbhiruktam / / yadyapi kArya yA kAraNa meM vailakSaNya kA niveza kara AcArya hemacandra tyakta prayojanoM ko bhI navyanyAya ke dharAtala para mAnya kara sakate the| Age bar3hakara kAvya ke sAtha prayojana kI anivAryatA ko amAnya bhI kiyA jA sakatA thaa| usake lie Adikavi kA dRSTAnta thA hii| yaha dhRSTatA hamane kAvyAlaGkArakArikA meM kI bhI hai| kAvya yA sAhitya ke prayojana ke viSaya meM AcArya hemacandra ne sAhitya manISiyoM ke lie eka adabhuta subhASita uddhRta kiyA hai| yaha subhASita eka prakAra kI gAyatrI vidyA hai, jise hameM satata japanA hai upazamaphalAd vidyAbIjAt phalaM dhanamicchato bhavati viphalo yadyAyAsastadatra kimadbhutam /

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10 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 na niyataphalA bhAvAH kartuM phalAntaramIzate janayati khalu brIherbIjaM na jAtu yavAGkuram / / nizcita hI bhAratIya dRSTi se sAhityasAdhanA eka adhyAtma sAdhanA hai aura usakA ekamAtra uddezya Antarika zAnti hai| DaoN. nandI ne ise zAntizataka se uddhRta batalAyA hai| zatapatram meM hamane bhI kucha aisA hI udgAra vyakta kiyA hai kavitA yadi kIrtaye dhanAya vyavahArAya zarIrazodhanAya / vyavasAyamimaM vibhAvayAmo vyavasAyaH kavitA kadApi nAsIt / / saMskRta mahAkAvya sItAcaritam, jo aba uttarasItAcaritam nAma se prasiddha hai, usake mukhabandha meM bhI hamArI vinatI thI na yazase na dhanAya zivatarakSatikRte'pi ca naiva kRtirmama / iyamimAM bharatAvanisaMskRtiM suragavIM ca niSevitumudgatA' / / mammaTa ke samaya taka kAvya aura nATya kI dhAraNAe~ anekatA taka Dhala cukI thiiN| mammaTa kevala kAvya taka sImita rahe, jabaki AcArya hemacandra ne nATya-paribhASAoM ko bhI sthAna diyA aura kAvyAnuzAsana kI viveka nAmaka vistRta vivaraNikA meM unakA vizada vivecana bhojarAja kI bhA~ti kiyaa| hetvalaGkAra para viveka meM AcArya hemacandra ne rudraTa se lekara mammaTa taka hue pakSa-pratipakSa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA aura use antataH amAnya ghoSita kara diyaa| jisa rUpaka ko mammaTa ne kevala sAdRzyamUlaka Aropa taka sImita rakhA thA use AcArya hemacandra ne bhI usI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA, yadyapi paravartI zobhAkaramitra use Aropa sAmAnya taka vyApaka mAnate pAe jAte haiN| 2. AcArya hemacandra rasasUtra meM sthAyI bhAva ko bhI sthAna dete haiN| unake anusAra rasasUtra kA svarUpa aisA hai-- vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicAribhirabhivyaktaH sthAyI bhAvo rsH| yaha bharata muni ke nATyazAstra ke saptama adhyAya meM Ae nimnalikhita vacana kA hI rUpAntara thA'vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicAribhirabhivyaktaH sthAyI rasanAma labhate kintu hemacandrAcArya ke ukta sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se mammaTa ke kAvyaprakAza kI nimnalikhita kArikAoM kI anuzruti hai kAraNAnyatha kAryANi sahakArINi yAni ca / ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cennATyakAvyayoH /

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 11 anubhAvAstat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / vibhAvA vyaktaH sa tairvibhAvAdyaiH sthAyIbhAvo rasaH smRtaH / / kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki rasasUtra meM sthAyI kA ullekha nATyazAstra aura dhvanivAdiyoM ke pramukha pakSadharoM meM nahIM hI hai| abhinavagupta anullekha kA hI samarthana karate aura kahate haiM ki yadi ullekha hotA to vahI rasAnubhUti meM zalya bana jaataa| anullekha ke samarthaka AcArya use vibhAvatAvacchedaka ke rUpa meM svataH saMgRhIta mAna lete haiN| inake anusAra kevala duSyanta nahIM, apitu zakuntalAviSayakaratimAn duSyanta hogA sAmAjikoM ke lie vibhaav| sAmAjikoM ko yaha vidita rahatA hai ki duSyanta zakuntalA ke prati anurakta hai aura zakuntalA duSyanta ke prti| isa prakAra rati nAmaka sthAyI bhAva vibhAva ke sAtha AyA mAnA jA sakatA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne isa vivAda para koI TippaNI nahIM kii| vastutaH rasasUtra kA jo rUpa nATyazAstra meM uddhRta hai vaha usakA tRtIya AkAra hai / 'cideva rasaH' prathama AkAra banatA hai aura 'bhAvaviziSTA cid rasaH' dvitIya / hemacandrAcArya dvArA uddhRta sthAyiyukta sUtra rasasUtra kI cauthI paramparA meM AtA hai / pA~cavIM paramparA meM usameM sAttvika bhAva bhI jor3a die jAte haiN| dhvanivAda meM sAttvika bhAva anubhAvoM ke sAtha gina lie gaye mAne jAte haiN| yaha pUrA vivaraNa hamane apane nATyazAstra meM vistAra ke sAtha de diyA hai / ' 3. vaijJAnika prakriyA hemacandrAcArya ne sAttvikabhAvoM kI niSpatti meM vaijJAnika prakriyA kAvyAnuzAsana kI alaMkAracUDAmaNi nAmaka svopajJa vRtti meM isa prakAra dI hai sIdantyasminniti sattvaM prANAtmakaM vastu, sattvaguNasyAtrotkarSaH, sAdhutvaJca / ayaM ca pRthivIbhAgapradhAne prANe saMkrAntacittavRttigaNaH stambhaH viSTabdhacetanatvam / jalapradhAne tu prANe vASpaH / tejasastu prANanaikatvAd ubhayathA tIvrAtIvratvena prANAnugrahe svedo vaivarNyaJca / AkAzAnugrahe gatacetanatvaM pralayaH / vAyusvAtantrye tu tasya mandamadhyotkRSTAvezAt tredhA romAJca-vepathu-svarabhedabhAvena sthitiriti bharatavidaH / bAhyAstu stambhAdayaH zarIradharmAH anubhAvAH te cAntarAlikAn sAttvikAn bhAvAn gamayantaH paramArthato ratinirvedAdigamakA iti sthitam / / 9 yahA~ 'bharatavidaH' zabda dhyAna dene yogya hai| avazya hI hemacandrAcArya ko prApta isa prakriyA kA bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra se sambandhita koI Agama rahA hogaa| usase sambandhita jo abhinavabhAratI rahI hogI yA to vaha prApta nahIM hai

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12 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 athavA vaha svayaM abhinavagupta ko sulabha nahIM thii| aise anya Agama bhI haiM jo abhinavagupta meM nahIM milate, kintu jinheM bhAvaprakAzana uddhRta karatA hai| isa prakaraNa meM sattva paribhASA kI vyutpatti bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai| svayaM bharatamuni 'sattva' zabda ko aneka arthoM meM prastuta karate haiM jinameM se eka artha deha bhI hai- dehAtmakaM bhavet sttvm| 'prANa' zabda kI uparyukta vyutpatti deha para hI lAgU hotI hai| hemacandrAcArya ne viveka meM ina sabake udAharaNa bhI die haiN| isa vaijJAnikatA kA sambandha loka se hai tathApi kavi dvArA kAvya meM bhI use pradarzita karane para draSTA sahRdaya kA citta prabhAvita hotA aura rasAsvAda taka pahu~catA hai, isalie inheM alaukika bhAva bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| hemacandrAcArya inake nirUpaNa meM mammaTa, abhinavagupta aura svayaM Anandavardhana se hI nahIM, inake pUrvavartI AcAryoM se bhI Age haiN| 4. hemacandrAcArya ne sthAyI bhAvoM ke sthAyitva kI pa~hacAna yaha kahakara kI ki ina bhAvoM ke viSaya meM kAraNa-jijJAsA nahIM hotii| inheM svAbhAvika mAnA jAtA hai| isa tathya para hemacandrAcArya ne abhinavagupta kI paMktiyA~ apanA lI haiM aura likhA hai jAta eva hi janturiyatIbhiH saMvidbhiH parIto bhvti000| ye punaramI dhRtyAdayazcittavRttivizeSAste samucitavibhAvAbhAvAjjanmadhye na bhavantyeveti vybhicaarinnH| tasyApi vA bhavanti vibhAvabalAt tasyApi hetuprakSaye kSIyamANAH saMskArazeSatAM naavshymnubhvnti| ratyAdayastu saMpAditasvakartavyatayA pralInakalpA api saMskArazeSatAM nAtivartante, vastvantaraviSayasya ratyAderakhaNDanAt / yadAha pataJjaliH na hi caitra ekasyAM striyAM rakta ityanyAsu viraktaH iti||11 5. saJcArI bhAvoM ke lie hemacandrAcArya ne vyabhicArI bhAva zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA aura isa nizcaya kA samarthana ina zabdoM meM kiyA amI sthAyinaM vicitrayantaH pratibhAsanta iti vyabhicAriNa ucynte| tathAhi glAnoyamityukte kuta iti hetupraznenAsthAyitAsya sUcyate / na tu rAma utsAhazaktimAnityatra hetuprshnmaahuH| __ bhojarAja kA yaha udghoSa ki cittavRttirUpa hone se sabhI bhAva asthAyI hote haiM isIlie ratyAdi bhAvoM ko bhI sthAyI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aisA hemacandrAcArya ke samakSa rahA hogA, kintu use unhoMne mAnyatA nahIM dI aura

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 13 ukta tarkoM ke dvArA unhoMne sthAyI bhAvoM kI sthAyitA kA samarthana kiyaa| kadAcit hemacandrAcArya ko bhojarAja ko prApta agnipurANa kA ahamAgama yA ahaMkArAgama rucikara nahIM lagA aura rasa ke lie prayukta zRGgAra zabda bhii| isIlie zAradAtanaya ne bhI apane grantha ko 'bhAvaprakAza' kahanA adhika upayukta mAnA, zRGgAraprakAza nhiiN| bhojarAja ne sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNAlaGkAra meM bhI agnipurANa ke isa Agama ko mAnya mAnA thaa| hemacandrAcArya yahA~ isa Agama kI carcA kara sakate the, kintu Azcarya kI bAta hai ki isa Agama kI carcA sAhityazAstra ke kisI bhI AcArya ne nahIM kii| yahA~ taka ki svayaM bhoja bhI isa Agama kA ullekha nahIM karate, jabaki yaha Agama inhIM ke vaMza ke purANa agnipurANa meM milatA hai aura isI ko ve zRGgAraikarasavAda sarasvatIkaNThAlaGkAra meM bhI apanAte haiN| Anandavardhana ne paryAyokta, AkSepa Adi jina alaMkAroM meM dhvani ke antarbhAva kA khaNDana kiyA hai, unameM dhvani ke antarbhAva kA pakSa kevala agnipurANa meM milatA hai| mahAmahopAdhyAya kANe, padmavibhUSaNa DaoN. De aura padmabhUSaNa DaoN. veMkaTarAma rAghavan Adi Aja ke vidvAnoM ke hI samAna kadAcit prAcIna vidvAnoM meM bhI agnipurANa ke Agama hone meM sandeha thaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki agnipurANa AgamoM kA saMgraha hai| isameM paravartI Agama bhI bAda meM jor3a die jAe~ to pUrvavartI Agama amAnya nahIM ho sakate, kintu hama avazya hI AtmavismaraNa ke viSama viSa se prabhAvita haiM aura hamAre agraNI AcArya bhI isa viSa se prabhAvita lagate haiN| isIlie bodhavAridhi jaise yathArtha viruda se alaMkRta mahApuruSa abhinavagupta sAhityAgama ke hI samAna, kyoM nahIM prastuta karate apanA svayaM kA Agama zivAgama, rasaniSpattiprakriyA ke sandarbha meN| svayaM zivAgama kI rasaniSpattiprakriyA pahale pahala prApta hotI hai zAradAtanaya ke bhAvaprakAzana meN| yadyapi abhinavabhAratI ke maGgala padya meM pIThikA kI yahI prakriyA hai, tathApi vaha udgAra mAtra hai, nirUpaNa nhiiN| hamane yaha prakriyA apane 'alaM brahma' grantha meM de dI hai| hemacandrAcArya bhI isa kamI se mukta nahIM kahe jA sakate, yadyapi ve bhI vastuta: kalikAla sarvajJa haiN| ve apane jaina Agama kI rasaniSpatti prakriyA de sakate the| kintu unakI padAvalI isa sandarbha meM lagabhaga vahI hai jo dhvanivAda meM milatI hai| yadyapi sattvaparibhASA meM ve bharatamuni se adhika prabhAvita haiN| paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke samAna ve svayaM kahate haiM ki bharata kevala mAnya AcArya haiN| unakA yaha vacana bharatamuni ke prati unake asAdhAraNa Adara kA pramANa hai

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14 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 yadyapi zAkyAcAryA rAhulAdayastu maugdhyamadabhAvikatvaparitapanAdInapyalaGkArAnAcakSate te'smAbhirbharatamatAnusAribhirupekSitAH 12 / 6. alaGkAroM ke viSaya meM hemacandrAcArya kA svatantra adhyayana abhI taka apekSita hai| ve dhvanivAda ke prabhAva meM alaGkAra ko kAvya kI mahAsaMjJA to nahIM mAna sake, kintu unake viSaya meM unhoMne apane adhyayana meM kamI nahIM rkhii| jo viSaya jahA~ se milA use unhoMne vahA~ se apanAyA aura mAnya tarkoM ke AdhAra para apanA nirNaya diyaa| kucha alaMkAroM kA Age ullekha kiyA jaaegaa| Azcarya kI bAta Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki hemacandrAcArya vyaJjanA ko arthavRtti kahate hue bhI mahimabhaTTa ke samAna anumAna ghoSita nahIM kara sake, jabaki hetvAbhAsAzrita anumAna ko sabhI anumAna hI kahate Ae haiN| pitAmaha ko pautra kA pitA mAnA jA sakatA hai, parantu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| baldiyata meM to pitA hI likhA jAegA 'pitA' / kAvyazAstra bhI zAstra hai| isakI vyavasthA lokaviruddha hone para korI bhAvukatA tthhregii| vaha ThukarAI jaaegii| vyaJjanAvAda ko jayantabhaTTa ne Thokara lagAI hii| zrIzrIharSa ke 'naiSadhIyacarita' kA nimnalikhita udgAra bhI vaisI hI Thokara hai dizi dizi girigrAvANaH svAM vamantu sarasvatIM tulayatu mithastAmApAtaH sphuraddhvaniDambarAm / sa punaraparaH kSIrodanvAn yadIyamudIyate mathitumamRtaM khedacchedi pramodanamodanaH / / 13 ye donoM medhAvI vidvAn mahAn dArzanika granthakAra hI nahIM, uttamottama kavi bhI haiN| svayaM abhinavagupta se hI sAhityazAstra par3he kSemendra ne bhI vyaJjanA ko zabdavRtti nahIM khaa| rudraTa, udbhaTa, vAmana, bhAmaha, daNDI, kuntaka, mahimabhaTTa Adi isI pakSa ke AcArya haiN| kintu mammaTa, jayadeva, vizvanAtha kavirAja. aura ekAvalIkAra dhvanivAda meM hI ghire rahe aura mammaTa dvArA prastuta dhUlIprakSepa ko hI prastuta kara saMtoSa karate rhe| ina AcAryoM ne anumAna ke virodha meM vyaJjakagata sAdhya ke sAtha anizcitatA aura sandigdhatA ko uchAlA thA / vastutaH hetugata doSa anumAna kA bAdhaka na hokara anumAnagata prAmANya kA bAdhaka

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 15 hotA hai| jahA~ taka prAmANya kA sambandha hai svayaM dhvanivAdI Anandavardhana kAvya meM use virodhI ghoSita kara cuke haiN| hemacandrAcArya isa kamI ko dUra kara sakate the| prasannatA kI bAta itanI hI hai ki unhoMne dhvanivAda ko dRr3hatA ke sAtha prastuta nahIM kiyaa| ina aura aisI anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hemacandrAcArya udAra kAvyazAstrI Thaharate haiN| ___ vyAkaraNa aura chandonuzAsana ko bhI hemacandrAcArya ne punaH prastuti dI hai jisameM prakriyA naI hai, kintu niSpatti vahI hai jo Avazyaka thii| zatAbdiyoM pUrva jaina manISiyoM ne hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra dhAtupATha para grantha bhI likhe| chandonuzAsana meM hemacandrAcArya ne nATyazAstra se Age bar3hakara pratyayoM kI saMkhyA tIna se Age pA~ca mAnI aura sabhI ke lakSaNa bhI die tathA udAharaNa bhii| jabaki bharata ke nATyazAstra meM prastAra, uddiSTa aura naSTa tIna hI pratyaya spaSTa the| alaMkAroM ke viSaya meM hemacandrAcArya kA saMgraha tathA manana stutya hai| ve pUrvAcAryoM ke mata prastuta kara unakA vizleSaNa karate aura apanA abhimata prastuta karate haiN| yathAsvabhAvokti svabhAvokti para mammaTa ke pUrvavartI kuntaka ne use amAnya karate hue jo tIkSNa prahAra kiyA thA usakA vaisA hI uttara ekamAtra mahimabhaTTa ne diyA thaa| hemacandrAcArya ne use apanAyA aura ve saMpradAyavAda se taTastha rhe| anya alaMkAroM ke viSaya meM bhI hemacandrAcArya ne punarvicAra kiyA aura aneka navIna niSkarSa pradAna kie| kantaka dvArA asvIkRta samAsokti, sahokti Adi para hemacandrAcArya ne vicAra kiyA aura prAcIna AcAryoM ke mAnya tarka prastuta kie| vyAjarUpA vyAjokti meM hemacandrAcArya ne aziSTatA se bacane kA AgAha kiyaa| eka udAharaNa diyA AsInnAtha pitAmahI tava mahI mAtA tato'nantaraM , jAyA saMprati bhAvinI punaraho saivAnavadyA vadhUH / / 14 arthAt he rAjan! bhUmi pahale ApakI pitAmahI rahI, phira mAtA, usake bAda priya-jAyA aura Age calakara yahI ApakI putravadhU bnegii| socie ki hemacandrAcArya kitanI saTIka bAta kaha rahe haiN| unhoMne ise atyanta asabhya ukti kahA hai| yaha koI maryAdAvAdI mahApuruSa hI kaha sakatA hai| anyathA vAmana ne to lakSmI aura viSNu ke prathama saMbhoga taka ko para

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16 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 kalyANakArI udAharaNa banA rakhA haikacakucacibukAgre pANiSu vyApRteSu prathamajaladhiputrIsaGgame'naGgadhAgni / nibiDanibiDanIvIgranthivizleSaNocchozcaturadhikakarAzA zAGgiNo vaH punAtu / / 15 isI prakAra sasandehAlaGkAra kA vizada nirUpaNa kara usake katipaya sthaloM ko hemacandrAcArya rasAbhAsa yA bhAvAbhAsa kahate haiN| hemacandrAcArya ne sUkSma tathA arthApatti kA antarbhAva anumAna meM dikhalAyA hai|16 sArAlaGkAra ko parisaMkhyA meM gatArtha batalAte hue hemacandrAcArya ne TippaNI dIrAjye sAraM vasudhetyAdau sArAlaGkAraH kaizciduktaH, sa cAnyApohamantareNa na camatkarotIti prisNkhyaivaalngkaar| hemacandrAcArya ne hetvalaGkAra para vistRta aura gambhIra vivecana karane ke bAda likhA ki kAvyaprakAza kA isa alaGkAra ko amAnya ThaharAnA ThIka hai yadi isake sthaloM meM camatkAra na ho| isakA artha yaha kahanA hai ki hetvalaGkAra sthala meM camatkAra kA anubhava ho rahA ho to use alaGkAra svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| taba mammaTa dvArA use kAvyaliGga alaGkAra meM antarbhUta mAnanA ucita na hogaa|18 yaha kadama koI svastha vicAraka hI le sakatA hai| vinokti meM hemacandrAcArya ne koI camatkAra nahIM dekhA aura sahokti ko upamA meM antarbhUta maanaa|19 paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne vinokti meM dhvanitva bhI mAnA aura 'vizAlAbhyAmAbhyAM' udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa| hemacandrAcArya ne bhAvikAlaGkAra ke sandarbha meM mammaTa se Age bar3hate hue abhineya vastu aura yA nATya ke pravezaka, viSkambhaka Adi ko bhI smaraNa kiyA hai| yaha eka atyanta vicAraNIya viSaya hai|20 udAttAlaMkAra meM mammaTa ne bhojarAja kI dAnakIrti se saMbandhita jo 'muktAH kelivisUtrahAragalitA:' uddhRta kiyA hai usameM hemacandrAcArya ne atizayokti ko mAnyatA dI hai|21 "tadidamaraNyaM' isa dvitIya udAharaNa meM bhI hemacandrAcArya ne rAmacarita kI dhvani yA usI ke guNIbhUtavyaGgya ko mAnane kA tarka prastuta kiyA hai|22 isI prakAra 'AsIdaJjanamatreti' padya meM bhAvadhvani kA camatkAra mAnA hai, bhAvika kA nhiiN|23 pratyanIkAlaMkAra meM camatkAra kA kAraNa hemacandrAcArya ne utprekSA ko mAnA hai|24 samAdhAna hemacandrAcArya ne sAhityazAstra meM aneka samAdhAna bhI prastuta kie haiN| udAharaNArtha latA aura vRkSa ke vyavahAra se yadi strI-puruSa ke vyavahAra kA

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 17 dyotana ho rahA ho to vahA~ rasa nahIM, apitu rasAbhAsa hai| etadartha unhoMne kumArasambhava ke aSTama sarga kA nimnalikhita padya prastuta kiyA hai aGgulIbhiriva kezasaJcayaM sannigRhya timiraM marIcibhiH / kuDmalIkRtasarojalocanaM cumbatIva rajanImukhaM zazI / / 25 isI prakAra doSa, guNa aura alaMkAroM para hemacandrAcArya ne aneka navIna tarka aura samAdhAna prastuta kie haiN| apekSA ___vastutaH kAvyazAstra kA eka-eka viSaya hemacandrAcArya ke samaya taka paryApta vistAra pA cukA thA, ata: usa para pUrvavartI vimarza prastuta kara paravartI vikAsa bhI diyA jAnA apekSita hai| tabhI hamArA sAhityazAstrIya adhyayana pUrNa hogaa| isa dizA meM kahIM se kisI prakAra ke abhiyAna kI sUcanA nahIM hai| AcArya hemacandra ke nAma para nirmita pATana ke vizvavidyAlaya meM yaha apekSA pUrI kI jA sakatI hai| acchA hogA yadi isa vizvavidyAlaya meM eka-eka zAstra kI eka-eka svatantra phaikalTI sthApita ho aura usameM usa zAstra se sambandhita pratyeka pakSa kA adhikArI prAdhyApaka apane viSaya ko vizva ke samakSa samagratA se prastuti de ske| alaGkAra eka mahAsaMjJA itihAsa sAkSI hai ki alaGkArazAstra ke sabhI AcArya alaMkAra saMjJA ko kAvya ke sabhI dharmoM kI eka mahAsaMjJA mAnate Ae haiN| udbhaTa ne rasa ko daNDI ke hI samAna eka alaMkAra mAnA aura usase yukta kAvya ko rasavat nAma diyA, jo vyAkaraNa aura tarka se saMgata aura samarthita thaa| ativAdI dhvanivAda ne alaMkAra ko ekamAtra apradhAna ghoSita kara ekamAtra rasa ko pradhAna tthhraayaa| taba rasavadalaMkAra saMjJA ke nirvAha ke lie rasavatpada meM matup pratyaya na mAnakara sAdRzyArthaka vatipratyaya mAnanA caahaa| yaha thA itihAsa ke sAtha khilvaadd'| isakA Arambha svayaM Anandavardhana ne I.san 850 meM kiyaa| unhIM kA vacana hai pradhAne'nyatra vAkyArthe yatrAGgaM tu rasAdayaH / / kAvye tasminnalaGkAro rasAdiriti matiH / / 26 dhvanivAda ke samakSa isa samaya prazna upasthita hai ki rasAdi ke sAtha kAvya kA sambandha hai athavA nhiiN| dhvanivAdI isakA uttara de pAne meM asamartha

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18 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 haiN| ve rasa kA astitva rasika meM mAnate haiM jo kAvya nahIM kAvya kA bhAvaka hotA hai| jisa kAvya meM rasika ko rasa milatA hai usameM vaha rasAbhivyaJjaka sAmagrI kA astitva svIkAra karatA hai, kintu use kAvya kI asAdhAraNatA nahIM kaha pAtA / bhojarAja use rasokti varga kA asAdhAraNa dharma aura rasokti nAmaka alaMkAra ghoSita karane meM tanika nahIM hicakate / bhojarAja abhinavagupta ke kaniSTha samakAlIna AcArya haiN| dhvanivAdI jina AcAryoM ne bhAvika aura udAtta jaise uktidharmoM ko alaMkAra mAna liyA ve rasAbhivyaJjikA sAmagrI ko bhI kAvyAlaGkAra kaha sakate the| isa prakAra dhvanivAda meM rasa, kAvya se asaMbaddha hI rahA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne prAkRta aura apabhraMza para bhI grantha likhe aura unake koSa die| kintu saMskRta para bhI unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thA aura unhoMne saMskRta ke vyAkaraNa meM bhI pariSkAra kiyA, jinako AdhAra banAkara zatAbdiyoM pUrva jaina sAdhuoM ne zabdarUpa aura dhAturUpa para grantha likhe jinameM kevala prakriyAmAtra bhinna hai, pariNati eka aura abhinna hai| unakA kavikarma bhI triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritam jaise vizAlakAya mahAkAvya se pramANita hai| Anandavardhana ne bhI koI arjunacaritamahAkAvya likhA thA, kintu vaha utanA prasiddha nahIM huA jitanA hemacandrAcArya kA kAvya / abhinavagupta bhI kavikarma meM apane svarNayuga kA pUrNa pratinidhitva karate haiM, tathApi unakI koI svatantra kAvyakRti prakAza meM AI nhiiN| abhinavabhAratI meM jo unhoMne apane udAharaNa die haiM ve unakI praur3ha, kavitvazakti meM pramANa hai / mammaTa ko to kavikarma ne mAno chor3a hI rakhA hai| isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya kavikarma meM bhI kisI dhvanivAdI se pIche nahIM haiN| mahAmahima kANe ke anusAra hemacandrAcArya kA dUsarA nAma caMgadeva thaa| kucha vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki ve mahArASTra ke prasiddha santa cAMgadeva se abhinna the| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki hemacandrAcArya ko bhagavatI padmAvatI siddha thI athavA unheM padmAvatI devI se vizeSa suvidhA prApta thii| unheM jisa grantha kI AvazyakatA hotI mAtA padmAvatI sulabha karA detI thiiN| ye sabhI AkhyAyikAe~ hemacandrAcArya kI adbhutatA kI pramANa haiM / sandarbha 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, AcArya hemacandra 1.3 vRtti, saM. tapasvI nandI, pra. hemacandrAcArya nArtha gujarAta, yUnivarsiTI, pR. 3 ( nandIsaMskaraNa)

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AcArya hemacandra kAvyazAstrIya paramparA meM abhinavagupta ke pratikalpa : 19 2. kAvyAnuzAsanaviveka, 1.3, nandIsaMskaraNa, pR. 162 3. dra. kAvyAnuzAsana, pRSTha 172 4. zatapatra zloka 100 5. sItAcaritam, mukhabandha, pR. 10 6. kAvyAnuzAsanaviveka, pR. 172, kAvyA. 1.3 nAndIsaMskaraNa 7. kAvyaprakAza, 4.27,28 8. dra. nATyazAstra, sampAdaka tathA anuvAdaka revAprasAda dvivedI, pra. IJAS, zimalA, 2005 pRSTha 92) 9. saM.kA.zA. kA A. i. pR. 249, kAvyAnuzAsana 227-28 nndiisNskrnn| 10. nATyazAstra adhyAya 22.6 11. yogasUtra 24 12. kAvyAnuzAsana 7.52 vRtti 13. naiSadha, 22 antima 14. DaoN. nandIsaMskaraNa pR. 322 15. pR. 324 nandIsaMskaraNa 16. pR. 326 nandIsaMskaraNa 17. pR. 326 nandIsaMskaraNa 18. pR. 327 nandIsaMskaraNa 19. pR. 327 nandIsaMskaraNa 20. pR. 328 nandIsaMskaraNa 21. pR. 329 nandIsaMskaraNa 22. pR. 330 nandIsaMskaraNa 23. pR. 330 nandIsaMskaraNa 24. pR. 330 nandIsaMskaraNa 25. kumAra sambhava 8.63 16. dhvanyAloka 2.5

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zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 akTUbara-disambara-2010 uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI sukhabodhA vRtti : eka samIkSA DaoN. eca.sI. jaina* [ AcArya nemicandrasUrikRta sArthaka nAma vAlI sukhabodhAvRtti (saMkSipta TIkA) kA AdhAra AcArya zAntisUrikRta ziSyahitA TIkA hai| yaha TIkA sAMskRtika dRSTi se tathA kucha viziSTa kathAoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| lekhaka ne isa lekha ke mAdhyama se isa para zodha karane kI jijJAsA prakaTa kI hai| ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra para AcArya zAntisUri kI ziSyahitA TIkA para AdhArita sukhabodhA TIkA svataMtra rUpa se likhI gayI hai| ise AcArya nemicandrasUri ne 11vIM zatAbdI meM likhA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM meM varNita prAkRta sUtroM para yaha yadyapi saMskRta TIkA hai kintu isakA hindI anuvAda evaM zodha kArya abhI taka nahIM huA hai| mUla grantha ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha grantha 12000 zloka pramANa hai| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhAvRtti ke prArambha meM tIrthaMkara, siddha, sAdhu evaM zruta-devatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke anta meM gaccha, gurubhrAtA, vRttiracanA kA sthAna, samaya Adi kA nirdeza bhI lekhaka ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki lekhaka ne apane guru-bhrAtA municandrasUri kI preraNA se prastuta vRtti kI racanA kI hai| isa TIkA (vRtti) kI racanA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue svayaM nemicandrasUri (devendragaNi) likhate haiM AtmasmRtaye vakSye jaDamati-saMkSepa-ruci-hitArthaJca / ekaikArtha-nibaddhAM vRttiM sUtrasya sukhabodhAya / / bahvarthAd vRddhakRtAd gaMbhIrAd vivaraNAt samuddhRtya / adhyayanAmuttara pUrvANAmanekapAThagatAm / / boddhavyAni yato'yaM, prArambho gamanikAmAtram / / * saha-AcArya, jainolojI evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mohana lAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, raajsthaan|

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI sukhabodhA vRtti : eka samIkSA : 21 arthAt mandamati aura saMkSipta ruci pradhAna pAThakoM ke lie maiMne anekArtha evaM gaMbhIra-vivaraNa se pAThAntaroM aura arthAntaroM se dUra rahakara isa TIkA kI racanA kI hai| arthAntaroM aura pAThAntaroM ke jAla se mukta hone ke kAraNa isa TIkA kI sukhabodhA TIkA saMjJA sArthaka bhI hai| isa TIkA (vRtti) meM choTIbar3I sabhI milAkara 125 prAkRta bhASA nibaddha kathAe~ varNita haiN| ina kathAoM meM prema, paramparA-pracalita manoraMjaka vRttAnta, jIva-jantu, jaina sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA mahattva pratipAdana karane vAlI nIti tathA upadezAtmaka kathAe~ varNita haiN| kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA pratipAdana karane vAlI kathAe~ bhI haiM, jaise- rAjakumArI kA vAnarI bana jAnA, kisI rAjakumArI ko hAthI dvArA bhagAkara jaMgala meM le jaanaa| aisI hI kathAe~ 'rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM' meM bhI varNita haiN| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA vRtti kI prAkRta-kathAe~ AkarSaNa kA viSaya rahI haiN| jarmanI ke prasiddha vidvAn DaoN. phIke ne 'sAmyasutta' nAmaka prAkRta kathA para apanA zodhapUrNa nibandha likhA hai| yaha kathA isI vRtti se lI gayI hai| isI taraha DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne 'mahArASTrIya kathAe~' nAmaka apane nibandha meM uttarAdhyayana vRtti se kaI kathAe~ lekara una para zodhapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| uttarAdhyayana vRtti kI ina kathAoM meM se sAta kathAoM kA saMkalana muni jinavijaya jI ne 'prAkRta kathA saMgraha' ke nAma se vikrama saMvat 1978 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita kiyA hai| prAkRta-kathAoM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa yaha vRtti haribhadra zailI kA anusaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| vairAgya-rasa se pariplAvita brahmadatta aura agaDadatta jaisI kathAoM ke saMyoga se isa suvizAla TIkA meM jAna A gayI hai aura vibhinna granthoM aura gAthAoM ke udAharaNoM ke kAraNa tathA nAnA viSayoM kI vivecanA ke kAraNa isakI sArvajanika upayogitA siddha huI hai| AcArya nemicandra sari ne uttarAdhyayana ke prathamAMzoM kI jitanI vistRta TIkA kI hai utanI uttarAMzoM kI TIkA meM vistAra nahIM hai| aMtima 12-13 adhyayanoM kI TIkA adhika saMkSipta hotI gayI hai, usameM na koI vizeSa kathAe~ haiM aura na koI anya uddharaNa hI haiN| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA TIkA sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| usameM tatkAlIna samAja aura saMskRti ke sambandha meM vividha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina evaM devendramuni ne isa TIkA kI sAMskRtika sAmagrI para kucha prakAza DAlA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA TIkA se jJAta hotA

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22 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 hai ki rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI usakA jyeSTha putra hotA thaa| usake rAjya-kArya Adi se virakta hone para lagha-patra ko rAjya de diyA jAtA thaa| rAjakumAra yadi durvyasanoM meM pha~sa jAtA thA to use deza-nikAlA bhI de diyA jAtA thaa| vivAha ke samaya zubha tithi aura muhUrta bhI dekhe jAte the| choTI-choTI bAtoM ke lie patniyoM ko chor3a dene kI bhI prathA thii| eka vaNik ne apanI patnI ko isalie chor3a diyA ki vaha sArA dina zarIra kI sAja-sajjA kiyA karatI thI aura ghara kA bilkula dhyAna nahIM rakhatI thii| sAmAnya striyoM ke atirikta vezyAoM kA bhI sammAna thaa| viziSTa vezyAe~ nagara kI zobhA, rAjAoM kI AdaraNIya aura rAjadhAnI kI ratna mAnI jAtI thiiN|10 isa sukhabodhA TIkA meM aneka rogoM aura unakI paricaryAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| rogoM ke nAma haiM- zvAsa, khAMsI, jvara dAha, udarazUla, bhagaMdara, arza, ajIrNa, dRSTizUla, mukhazUla, aruci, akSivedanA, khAja, karNazUla, jalodara aura koddh'|11 cikitsA ke mukhya cAra pAda mAne gaye haiM- 1. vaidya, 2. rogI, 3. auSadhiM aura 4. paricaryA karane vaale|12 __isa vRtti se zikSAoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| vidyArthI kA jIvana sAdagI se bharA hotA thaa| kitane hI vidyArthI adhyApaka ke ghara para rahakara par3hate the aura kitane hI dhanavAnoM ke yahA~ para apane khAne-pIne kA prabandha kara lete the| kauzAmbI nagarI ke brAhmaNa kAzyapa kA putra kapila zrAvastI meM par3hane ke lie gayA, aura kalAcArya ke sahayoga se apane bhojana kA prabandha vahA~ ke dhanI zAlIbhadra ke yahA~ para kiyaa|13 vidyArthI kA samAja meM bahuta sammAna thaa| jaba koI vidyAdhyayana samApta kara ghara jAtA thA taba usakA sArvajanika sammAna kiyA jAtA thaa| nagara ko sajAyA jAtA thaa| rAjA bhI usake svAgata ke lie sAmane jAtA thaa| use bar3e Adara ke sAtha lAkara itanA upahAra samarpita karate the ki jIvanabhara use Arthika dRSTi se parezAnI nahIM uThAnI par3atI thii|14 bahattara kalAoM meM zikSaNa kA pracalana thaa|15 samudrayAtrA ke bhI kaI varNana isa vRtti meM upalabdha haiN| vyApArI apanA mAla bhara kara naukAoM (jahAjoM) se dUra-dUra dezoM meM jAte the| kabhI-kabhI tUphAna Adi ke kAraNa naukA TUTa jAtI thI aura sArA mAla pAnI meM baha jAtA thaa| jahAja ke valaya-mukha (bha~vara) meM praviSTa hone kA bahuta bhaya thaa|16

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI sukhabodhA vRtti : eka samIkSA : 23 jaba vyApArI dUra deza meM vyApAra karane jAte the taba unheM vahA~ ke rAjA kI anumati prApta karanI par3atI thii| jo mAla dUsare dezoM se AtA thA usakI jA~ca karane ke lie vyaktiyoM kA eka vizeSa samUha hotA thaa|27 kara bhI vasUla kiyA jAtA thaa| kara vasUla karane vAloM ko sUMkapAla (zulkapAla) kahA jAtA thaa|18 vyApAriyoM ke mAla asabAba para bhI kara lagAyA jAtA thaa| vyApArI loga zulka se bacane ke lie apanA mAla chipAte bhI the|19 isa vRtti se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya samAja meM kaI aparAdha bhI hote the| aparAdha meM caurya-karma pramukha thaa| coroM ke aneka varga idhara-udhara kAryarata rahate the| logoM meM coroM kA AtaMka hamezA banA rahatA thaa| coroM ke aneka prakAra the|20 kitane hI cora itane niSThura hote the ki ve curAyA huA mAla chipAne ke liye apane kuTumbIjanoM ko bhI mAra dete the| eka cora apanA sampUrNa dhana eka kue~ meM rakhatA thaa| eka dina usakI patnI ne use aisA karate dekha liyaa| usa cora ne bheda khulane ke bhaya se apanI patnI ko hI mAra diyaa| jaba usakA putra cillAyA taba logoM ne use pakar3a liyaa|21 isI prakAra anya kitane hI tathya isa vRtti meM upalabdha haiM jo tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana ko spaSTa karate haiN| isa vRtti kI kaI kathAe~ bhI bahuta lokapriya huI haiN| sagara-putra sanatkumAra, brahmadatta, mUladeva, maMDita, agaDadatta Adi kI kathAe~ bahuta manoraMjaka haiN|22 isa prakAra sukhabodhA TIkA atyanta sarala, subodha evaM mArmika hai| isakI bhASA-zailI rocaka hai| kathAoM evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se TIkA mahattvapUrNa hai| sandarbha 1. zrIvijayomaMgasUri dvArA sampAdita Atmavallabha granthAvalI, valAda, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita sukhbodhaavRtti| 2. vahI,sUtra prathama 3. jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, sAdhvI saMghamitrA, pR. 311 4. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, vistAra ke lie dekheM, vinTaranitsa, bhAga-2 5. jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 35 6. bhagavAn mahAvIra. eka anuzIlana, devendra muni zAstrI, pR. 55 7. uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA (vRtti) TIkA, pR. 84 8. vahI, pR. 142 9. vahI, pR. 97

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24 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 10. vahI, pR. 64 11. (a) vahI, pR. 163 (ba) bhagavAn mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, muni, AcArya devendra, pR. 55, pairA 2 12. (a) uttarAdhyayana vRtti (sukhabodhA TIkA), pR. 269 (ba) bhagavAn mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, muni, AcArya devendra, pR. 56, pairA 3 13. vahI, pR. 124 14. (a) vahI, pR. 57 (ba) uttarAdhyayanavRtti, pR. 123 15. vahI, pR. 318 16. vahI, pR. 252 17. vahI, pR. 65 18. vahI, pR. 71 19. vahI, pR. 64 20. vahI, pR. 149 21. vahI,pR. 81 22. prAkRta kathA saMgraha, muni, jinavijaya, vi. samvat 2018

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zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 akTUbara-disambara-2010 tattvArthasUtra ke kucha binduoM para vicAra DaoN. vandanA mehatA [ lekhikA kA yaha Alekha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke tattvArthasUtrasambandhI kucha binduoM para prakAza DAlatA hai tathA tattvArthasUtra ko Agama-sammata siddha karatA hai|] tattvArthasUtra jaina dharma-darzana kA eka pratinidhi grantha mAnA jAtA hai| yaha jaina paramparA kA ekamAtra sUtrazailI kA aisA saMgraha grantha hai jise sabhI AmnAya samAna rUpa se svIkAra karate haiN| ise sabhI sampradAyoM ne apanI-apanI paramparA se jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ___mUla rUpa se isa lekha meM yaha dekhanA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kA mUla svarUpa kisa para AdhArita hai? isakI zailI kisase prabhAvita hai tathA usakA apanA kyA vaiziSTya hai? aisA kahA jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra bAdarAyaNa ne upanaSidoM kA dohana karake brahmasUtroM kI racanA dvArA vedAnta ko vyavasthita kiyA hai, usI prakAra umAsvAti (digambara paramparA meM umAsvAmI) ne AgamoM kA dohana karake tattvArtha kI racanA ke dvArA jaina darzana ko vyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| usameM jaina tattvajJAna, AcAra, bhUgola, khagola, jIva-vidyA, padArthavijJAna Adi vividha prakAra ke viSayoM ke maulika mantavyoM ko mula AgamoM ke AdhAra para sUtrabaddha kiyA hai tathA una sUtroM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra svopajJa bhASya kI bhI racanA kI gaI hai| tattvArtha ke mUla svarUpa kA AdhAra isa viSaya meM paryApta matabheda haiM ki tattvArtha ke mUla AdhAra zvetAmbara Agama haiM yA digambara Agama SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grnth| isa viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa meM vidvAngaNa vistAra se apane-apane mantavyoM ko prastuta kara cuke haiN| ataH isameM jyAdA kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ____ muni AtmArAmajI, paM. sukhalAlajI, eca.Ara. kApaDiyA, sujiko ohiro' Adi ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki tattvArtha ke mUla AdhAra zvetAmbara Agama * je.Ara. epha. phailo, jaina vizvabhAratI, laaddnuu|

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26 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 (32/45) haiN| paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM. paramAnanda zAstrI, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, nemicandra zAstrI, paM. phUlacandrajI Adi ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki tattvArtha ke mUla AdhAra digambara Agama haiN| ukta tathya ke AdhAra para hameM yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki AgamoM meM dArzanika vivaraNa to thA hI kintu ve vyavasthita rUpa meM nahIM the| unheM vyavasthita karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa umAsvAti dvArA kiyA gyaa| aba hamAre sAmane prazna yaha hai ki umAsvAti ne AgamoM se saMgrahaNa kisa rUpa meM kiyA tathA kaise kiyaa| isa para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kahIM to zabdaza: saMgraha hai, arthAt Agama sUtroM ke bhAva (artha) ko dhyAna meM rakhakara tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai| kahIM-kahIM para vistRta viSayoM kA saMkSiptIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM pUrva meM kahIM vistRta to kahIM saMkSipta rUpa meM kahA jA cukA hai| phira bhI prasaMgAnukUla hone ke kAraNa kucha udAharaNa prastuta kara rahI hU~ tattvArtha kA varNya-viSaya dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai pahale adhyAya meM jJAna se sambandhita carcA hai tathA padArtha nirUpaNa ke sandarbha meM sAta padArthoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai"jIvAjIvAsravabaMdhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam' (1.4) arthAt jIva, ajIva Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva kahe gaye haiN| jaisA ki sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"nava sambhAvapayatthA paNNattA, taM jahA-jIvA ajIvA puNNaM pAvaM Asavo saMvaro NijjarA baMdho mokkho' (9.6) yahA~ para vizeSa bAta yahI hai ki jahA~ sthAnAMgasUtra meM puNya-pApa kI alaga gaNanA kI gaI hai vahIM tattvArtha meM puNya-pApa ko baMdha ke antargata liyA gayA hai| isI taraha tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya meM hI jJAna ke sandarbha meM 'matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAyakevalAni jJAnam" (1.9) ye pA~ca bheda prApta hote haiM jo ki sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, anuyogadvAra evaM naMdIsUtra meM Agata jJAna ke prakAra-paMcavihe NANe paNNatte, taM jahAabhiNibohiyaNANe suyaNANe ohiNANe maNapajjavaNANe kevalaNANe' kA hI saMkSiptIkaraNa hai| antara itanA hI hai ki Abhinibodhika ko matijJAna kahA hai| dUsare se pA~caveM taka cAra adhyAyoM meM jJeya tattva kI mImAMsA hai- tattvArtha meM jJeya tattva meM jIva kI mImAMsA ke sandarbha meM jIva kI paribhASA "upayogo lakSaNam' (2.8) kahI hai, jo bhagavatI ke "uvaoga-lakkhaNe jIve"

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tattvArthasUtra ke kucha binduoM para vicAra : 27 tathA uttarAdhyayana ke "jIvo uvaoga-lakkhaNo" para AdhArita hai| chaThe se lekara dasaveM adhyAya meM cAritra viSayaka carcA hai--isameM yoga ke prakAra "kAyavAGmanaH karma yogaH" (6.1) kahA hai arthAt-kAya, vacana aura mana kI tripadI yoga hai jo bhagavatIsUtra kI isa paribhASA "tivihe joe paNNatte, taM jahA-maNajoe, vaijoe, kAyajoe" se lI huI hai| ___vAcaka ne sat kI paribhASA dete hue use utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya- yuktaM sat (5.29) kahA tathA dravya kA lakSaNa kiyA-- 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam" (5.37) tathA "tadbhAvAvyayam nityam' (5.30) jo kundakunda ke pravacanasAra aura paJcAstikAya meM bhI prApta hotA hai| yathA apariccattasahAveNuppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaM ti vuccaMti / / pravacanasAra, 2.3 davvaM salkkhaNiyaM uppaadvvydhuvttsNjuttN| guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU / / paJcA. 10 isI taraha aura bhI aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM sarvatra AgamoM se sUtrAtmaka saMgrahaNa hai phira bhI tattvArthasUtra kA apanA vaiziSTya hai jise Age batAyA jaaegaa| tattvArtha kI zailI para prabhAva ___tattvArtha ke samaya ke sandarbha meM vidvAnoM meM paryApta madabheda hai| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka unakA kAla nirdhArita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se cintana kareM to usa samaya jaina AgamoM evaM bauddha piTakoM ke lambe evaM varNanAtmaka sUtra the, jaina AgamoM kI prAkRta bhASA meM calI A rahI zailI kI jagaha vaidika vidvAnoM meM saMskRta bhASA kI saMkSipta sUtroM kI racanA-zailI bahuta pratiSThita ho cukI thii| jaina paramparA meM aba taka saMskRta bhASA kI saMkSipta sUtrazailI meM racA koI grantha nahIM thA jise umAsvAti ne prArambha kiyaa| racanA ke uddezya ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM to umAsvAti ne bhI aMtima uddezya mokSa ko rakhakara hI usakI prApti kA upAya siddha karane vAle sabhI tattvoM kA varNana apane tattvArtha meM kiyaa| jaisA ki sabhI bhAratIya zAstrakAroM dvArA zAstra-racanA ke viSaya-nirUpaNa ke antima uddezya ke rUpa meM mokSa ko hI rakhA jAtA hai cAhe vaha koI bhI viSaya rahA ho| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM

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28 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 ( vedAnta, bauddha, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga) kA uddezya mokSa kI prApti hai| umAsvAti ne apane sUtra grantha kA prArambha bhI mokSamArga pratipAdaka sUtra se hI kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM to tattvArthasUtra 'mokSazAstra' ke nAma se hI prasiddha hai| adhyAya saMkhyA para tattvArthasUtrakAra kaNAda ke vaizeSikasUtra se paryApta prabhAvita haiN| tattvArthasUtra 10 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura sUtra 344 haiM tathA kaNAda kA vaizeSika sUtra bhI 10 adhyAyoM meM ba~TA huA hai aura sUtra saMkhyA 333 hai| ina donoM kI bAhya racanA meM itanA sAmya hote hue bhI vizeSa antara bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM ki tattvArthakAra apane siddhAnta kI siddhi ke lie kahIM bhI yukti yA hetu nahIM dete jabaki kaNAda apane siddhAnta kI puSTi meM pUrvapakSa - uttarapakSa na karate hue bhI unakI puSTi meM hetuoM kA varNana karate haiN|4 digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke tattvArthasUtra kI saMkhyA meM kucha antara hai| tattvArtha kA vaiziSTya * umAsvAti kA tattvArtha kI racanA kA mukhya prayojana saMkSepa meM sUtra zailI meM jaina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karanA thA isalie unhoMne jaina darzana ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa pakSoM ko lete hue vistAra se bacate hue sUtrazailI meM vivecana kiyaa| vAcaka sUtrakAra ke kaI aise mantavya haiM jo digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM ke anukUla nahIM haiN| yadyapi ve mantavya dArzanika dRSTi se mahattva ke nahIM haiM isalie unakI carcA yahA~ nahIM kI gayI hai| sat, dravya, pramANa, naya Adi viSaya ke sandarbha meM vAcaka kI apanI maulika sUjha hai jo AgamakAla meM pracalita nahIM thii| isa taraha ke kucha binduoM ko lekara tattvArtha kA vaiziSTya isa prakAra hai sat bhAratIya darzana ke antargata dravya ko padArtha, tattva, sat Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM isake liye 'dravya' evaM 'tattva' zabda hI prApta hotA hai, sat nahIM / kintu dUsare darzanoM meM zAzvata padArthoM ke lie 'sat' zabda prayukta huA hai, jaise Rgveda ke dIrghatamA RSi kahate haiM " ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti" (1.164.46 ) / umAsvAti ke sAmane yaha prazna thA ki jaina darzana meM sat kise kahA jAe evaM usakI kyA paribhASA kI jaae| umAsvAti ne apanI medhA se dravya ko hI sat kahA evaM use paribhASita karate hue kahA- 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' / isa paribhASA se unhoMne

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tattvArthasUtra ke kucha binduoM para vicAra : 29 ekAntanityavAdI ke darzana meM Ane vAle doSoM ko dUra kara jaina darzana ko pariNAmI-nityavAdI saddhi kiyA arthAt jo utpAda aura vyaya ke hote hue bhI sad rUpa se miTakara asat nahIM ho, vaha nitya hai| isa prakAra sat ke nirUpaNa meM umAsvAti kI vilakSaNa yogyatA kA patA calatA hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya jaina AgamoM meM dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke lakSaNa upalabdha hote haiN| jaise- 'guNANa-Asao davvaM"5 arthAt jo guNoM kA Azraya ho vaha dravya hai| guNa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA- "egadavvassiyA guNA"6 arthAt jo eka dravya ke Azrita ho vaha gunn| paryAya kA lakSaNa hai- "lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhao assiyA bhave" arthAt jo dravya aura guNa ke Azrita ho vaha paryAya hai| tattvArtha meM prApta dravya, guNa evaM paryAya ke lakSaNa ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki umAsvAti ne Agama meM prApta lakSaNoM kA avalambana to liyA hI hai, kintu usake sAtha kahIM-kahIM vaizeSika paribhASAoM evaM sUtra zailI kA prayoga bhI inameM kiyA hai| jaise-tattvArtha kI dravya paribhASA-- "guNaparyAyavad dravyam' (5.37) jo zAbdika racanA meM vaizeSika ke "kriyAguNavat' (1.1.15) se spaSTa prabhAvita hai| vAcaka ne guNa kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai- "dravyAzrayA nirguNAH guNAH" (5.40) jo vaizeSika ke sUtra "dravyAzrayyaguNavAn' (1.1.16) se AMzika prabhAvita hai evaM vAcaka ne paryAya ko "bhAvAntaraM saMjJAntaraM ca paryAyaH" (5.37) aisA kahA hai| isameM artha aura vyaMjana donoM ko ubhaya dRSTi se paryAya kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| pudgala jaina AgamoM meM pudgala kA lakSaNa 'grahaNa' kiyA hai- "gahaNa-lakkhaNe NaM poggalatthikAe'8 jIva apane zarIra, indriya, yoga aura zvAsocchvAsa rUpa se pudagaloM kA grahaNa karatA hai arthAt pudgala meM jIva ke sAtha sambaddha hone kI kSamatA 'grahaNa' guNa zabda se AgamakAra ne pratipAdita kI hai| isase pudgala kA svarUpa bodha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza se yukta pudgala kA lakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| vAcaka ne bhI uttarAdhyayana kI paribhASA kA hI anusaraNa karate hue pudgala ko sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa khaa| sAtha hI pudgala ko zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatva, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota ina dasa avasthAoM vAlA kahA hai|

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30 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 pudgala dravya ke sandarbha meM vAcaka kA vaiziSTya yahI hai ki unhoMne dravyoM kA sAdharmya-vaidharmya batAte hue pudgala ko "rUpiNaH pudgalAH" kahA hai jo dUsare dravyoM se pudgala kA vaidharmya batAtA hai| yaha pudgala kA sabase saMkSipta lakSaNa hai| kAla jahA~ taka kAla dravya kA prazna hai jaina AgamoM meM kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha paramparA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM hI dekhane ko milatI hai| isalie jahA~ loka kI paribhASA kI gaI hai vahA~ loka ko paMcAstikAyamaya kahA gayA hai| prAcIna samaya meM bhI kAla ko dravya to mAnA hI jAtA thA parantu usakA svarUpa jyAdA spaSTa nahIM thaa| ataH Age calakara umAsvAti ne "kAlazca' sUtra banAkara loka ko SadravyAtmaka rUpa meM sthApita kiyaa| pramANa aura jJAna vimarza pramANa-nirUpaNa ke sandarbha me vAcaka kI naI sUjha dikhAI detI hai| jaina AgamoM meM pA~ca jJAnoM kI spaSTa rUpa se carcA hai sAtha hI unheM pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do prakAroM meM vibhAjita bhI kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya vibhinna darzanoM meM pramANa ke tIna, cAra aura pA~ca bheda pracalita the| usI ke AdhAra para jaina AgamoM meM tIna yA cAra prakAra kI pramANa-vyavasthA batAI gaI hai| kintu vAcaka ne ina donoM kA samanvaya kara diyA aura mati Adi pA~coM jJAnoM ko hI pramANa. kaha diyaa|11 isa prakAra vAcaka ne Agama meM Agata jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do bhedoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pramANa ke bhI do bheda kara die aura AgamoM meM ullikhita lokAnusArI pramANa-vyavasthA ko na chor3ate hue apanI sUjha se pramANa aura paMcajJAna kA samanvaya siddha kiyaa| naya __anuyogadvAra ke antargata tattva ke abhigama (jJAna) ke lie cAra mUla dvAra-upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya batalAe haiN| yahA~ pramANa ko upakrama ke prabheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai svataMtra rUpa se nhiiN| dArzanika yuga meM pramANa ko svataMtra rUpa se tattva abhigama meM sthAna diyA gyaa| lagatA hai yaha umAsvAti kA hI prabhAva hai kyoMki sarvaprathama unhoMne hI khaa'prmaannnyairdhigmH"| hAlAMki tAttvika dRSTi se donoM meM koI bheda nahIM thA kintu vastu ke sakala evaM vikala yA sampUrNa evaM AMzika jJAna ke AdhAra para donoM kA pRthak rUpa grahaNa kiyA gyaa| pramANa-jo akhaNDa vastu kA

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tattvArthasUtra ke kucha binduoM para vicAra : 31 jJAna karavAe aura naya--jo vastu kA AMzika jJAna krvaae| anuyogadvAra meM naya ke sAta bheda batalAe gae haiM kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra umAsvAti ne naya ke pA~ca hI bheda batAe haiN| naya ke pA~ca bheda kahane se umAsvAti para yaha AkSepa nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA ki unhoMne Agamika paramparA kA ullaMghana kiyA hai balki yaha to unakI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| kyoMki unhoMne agrima sUtra meM zabda naya ke tIna bheda karake sAta kI saMkhyA pUrNa kI hai| aisA isalie kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki AryarakSita ne hI anuyogadvAra meM 'tiNhaM saddanayANaM' kahakara zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ko zabdanaya kI saMjJA dI hai| digambaroM ke tattvArthasUtra meM sIdhe sAta bheda ginAe gae haiN| ___isa prakAra unhoMne Agama kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, na ki usa paramparA se haTakara kucha anya kahA hai| isI kA pariNAma hai ki umAsvAti ne AgamoM ke AdhAra para saMkSipta sUtrazailI meM apanI medhA se tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kara jaina darzana ko navIna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| sandarbha 1. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, pR. 206-207 2.1 tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI mahArAja, pR. 3 2.2 tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM. sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, bhUmikA, pR. 15-27 2.3. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya aura siddhasenagaNi kI TIkA sahita), bhUmikA, pR. 36-40 2.4 tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM. sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, __vArANasI, pR. 105-107 3. sAgaramala jaina, tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA, pR. 6 4. tattvArthasUtra-vivecaka paM. sukhalAlajI, bhUmikA, pR. 45 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28.6 6. vahI 7. vahIM 8. bhagavatIsUtra, 13.4.181 9. saddandhayAraujjoo pahA chAyAtavei vaa| ___vaNNarasagandhaphAsA puggalANaM tu lakkhaNaM / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28.12 10. tattvArthasUtra, 5.1 11. matizrutAvadhimana:paryayakevalAni jnyaanm| tat prmaanne|'' vahI, 1.10

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zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 akTUbara-disambara-2010 dhyAna : eka anuzIlana DaoN. rUbI jaina [ isa lekha meM lekhikA ne Agama kA sahArA lekara dhyAna ko paribhASita kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM varNita dhyAna-vivecana se yaha lekha mela khAtA hai|] jainadarzana meM mokSa ko hI jIva kA parama lakSya mAnA gayA hai| parantu karmabandha isa mokSa-prApti meM bAdhaka tattva hai| isI mokSa evaM karmabandha ke pariprekSya meM jaina sAhitya meM dhyAna kA vizada vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 'dhyAna' bhvAdigaNa kI 'dhyai' dhAtu se 'lyuTa' pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai| 'dhyai' dhAtu socane, manana karane, vicAra karane, cintana karane Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotI hai| lyUTa pratyaya pUrvaka isakA artha manana, vimarza, vicAra tathA cintana hai|2 pAtaJjala yoga darzana meM 'dhyAna' zabda kA prayoga eka vizeSa artha 'dhArAvAhika vicAraNA' meM huA hai| jo ki 'dhAraNA' evaM 'samAdhi' ke sAtha milakara 'saMyama' kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| parantu tadanusAra dhyAna kevala sudhyAna kA hI vAcaka pratIta hotA hai jabaki dhyAna zabda ke vyutpattilabhya artha ke anusAra to dhyAna acchA bhI ho sakatA hai tathA burA bhii| isameM gItA bhI pramANa hai jahA~ kahA gayA hai ki 'dhyAyato viSayAn puMsaH saGgasteSUpajAyate' arthAt viSayoM ke cintana se vyakti meM unake prati Asakti paidA ho jAtI hai| ata: spaSTa hI hai ki dhyAna aindrika viSayoM ke prati bhI ho sakatA hai jo ki samAdhi tathA AtmasvarUpa prApti kA bAdhaka hotA hai tathA isake viparIta AtmaramaNa rUpI dhyAna samAdhi rUpa hai jo ki sarvathA grAhya hai| jainadarzana ke mAnya AcArya, tattvArtha-sUtrakAra ke anusAra dhyAna kA lakSaNa "ekAgra-cintA-nirodha' hai|6 cintA anta:karaNa kA vyApAra kahA gayA hai tathA gamana, bhojana, zayana aura adhyayana Adi vividha kriyAoM meM bhaTakane vAlI cittavRtti kA eka kriyA meM roka denA nirodha hai| jisa prakAra vAyurahita pradeza meM dIpazikhA aparispanda (sthira) rahatI hai usI taraha nirAkula deza meM eka lakSya buddhi aura zaktipUrvaka rokI gaI cittavRtti binA vyAkSepa ke vahIM sthira * DI.e.vI. kAleja, hoshiyaarpur|

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dhyAna : eka anuzIlana : 33 rahatI hai, anyatra nahIM bhttktii| dUsare zabdoM meM 'nAnA padArthoM kA avalambana lene se cintA parispandavatI hotI hai| use anya azeSa mukhoM se lauTA kara eka viSaya meM niyamita karanA ekAgra-cintA-nirodha kahalAtA hai| sUtra meM diyA gayA 'ekAgra' zabda vyagratA kI nivRtti ke lie hai| jJAna vyagra hotA hai tathA dhyAna ekaagr| jaina-AcAryoM ne dhyAna kI utkRSTa avadhi eka antarmuhUrta (ar3atAlIsa minaTa se kama) taka mAnI hai| unake anusAra isake bAda eka hI dhyAna lagAtAra nahIM raha sktaa|11 jJAtavya hai ki yaha cintAnirodha abhAvarUpa nahIM kintu bhAvAntararUpa hai|2 / ekAgra-cintA-nirodha rUpa yaha dhyAna ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna tathA zukladhyAna ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai|13 ye cAroM dhyAna Age cAra-cAra prakAra ke haiM tathA cAra-cAra lakSaNoM se pratyabhijJeya haiN| prathamataH inameM se ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ko isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai| (1) aniSTa-saMyogemana ko priya nahIM lagane vAle viSayoM ke yA pasthitiyoM ke upasthita hone para unase dUra hone athavA dUra karane ke sambandha meM nirantara AkulatApUrNa cintana krnaa| (2) iSTa-viyoge- mana ko priya lagane vAle viSayoM kA viyoga hone para yA iSTa ke prApta hone para unake aviyoga arthAt ve sadA apane sAtha raheM, isa prakAra nirantara AkulatApUrNa cintana krnaa| (3) vedanAyAm- roga janya kaSTa ho jAne para unake miTane ke sambandha meM nirantara AkulatApUrNa cintana krnaa| (4) nidAne- pUrva-sevita kAmabhogoM kI punaH prApti hetu nirantara AkulatApUrNa cintana krnaa|15 ArtadhyAna ko nimna cAra prakAra se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai- krandanatA (ronA), zocanatA (cintA yA zoka karanA) tepanatA (bAra-bAra azrupAta karanA), paridevanatA (vilApa karanA yathA-hAya! maiMne pUrva janma meM kitanA bar3A pApa kiyA jisakA yaha phala mila rahA hai|) ityaadi|26 raudradhyAna ke cAra prakAra isa prakAra haiM- (1) hiMsAnubandhI- hiMsA karanA athavA karane kI yojanAyeM banAnA' aadi| (2) mRSAnubandhI- dUsaroM ko chalane, Thagane, dhokhA dene, chipa kara pApAcaraNa karane, jhUThA pracAra karane, jhUThI aphavAheM phailAne, mithyA doSAropaNa karane kI yojanAyeM banAte rahanA Adi mRSAnubandhI raudradhyAna haiN| (3) steyAnubandhI- tIvra lobha Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara dUsare kI vastu kA haraNa karane kI cittavRtti honA steyAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai| (4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI- zabdAdi pA~ca viSayoM ke sAdhanabhUta dhana kI rakSA karane kI cintA karanA aura 'na mAlUma dUsarA kyA karegA?' isa AzaMkA

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34 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 se dUsaroM kA upaghAta karane kI kaSAyayukta cittavRtti rakhanA saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai|17 raudradhyAna ke cAra doSa- (1) asanna doSa- hiMsA prabhRti doSoM meM se kisI eka doSa meM atyadhika lIna rhnaa| (2) bahu doSa- hiMsA Adi bahudoSoM meM saMlagna rahanA (3) ajJAna doSa- mithyA zAstra ke saMskAravaza hiMsA Adi pratikUla kAryoM meM dharmArAdhanA kI dRSTi se pravRtta rhnaa| (4) AmaraNAnta doSa- sevita doSoM ke liye mRtyuparyanta pazcAttApa na karate huye unameM anavarata pravRttizIla rhnaa|8 svarUpa kI dRSTi se dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda isa prakAra haiM-19 (1) AjJA vicaya- AptapuruSa kA vacana AjJA kahalAtA hai| AptapuruSa vaha hai, jo rAga-dveSa Adi se asaMpRkta hai| ata: vItarAga prabhu kI AjJA, prarUpaNA yA vacana ke anurUpa vastu tattva ke cintana meM mana kI ekaagrtaa| (2) apAyavicaya- apAya kA artha duHkha hai, usake hetu rAga-dveSa, viSaya, kaSAya haiM, jinase karma upacita hote haiN| 'sarva apAya-nAza tathA AtmasamAdhi kI upalabdhi' isa dhyAna meM cintana kA viSaya hote haiN| (3) vipAka vicayavipAka kA artha hai phl| isa dhyAna kI cintanadhArA karmoM ke vipAka yA phala para AdhRta hotI hai| (4) saMsthAna vicaya- loka, dvIpa, samudra Adi ke AkAra kA ekAgratayA cintana krnaa|20 dharma dhyAna kI pahacAna nimna lakSaNoM se hotI hai (1) AjJA ruci- vItarAga prabhu kI AjJA meM, prarUpaNA meM abhiruci honA, zraddhA honaa| (2) nisarga ruci- svabhAvataH dharma meM ruci honaa| (3) upadeza ruci- sAdhu yA jJAnI ke upadeza se dharma meM ruci honA athavA dharmopadeza sunane meM ruci honaa| (4) sUtraruci- Agamokta sUtroM meM ruci yA zraddhA honaa|21 dharmadhyAna ke cAra Alambana isa prakAra haiM... (1) vAcanA- satya siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAle Agama granthoM yA tatsambandhita granthoM ko pddh'naa| (2) pRcchanA- adhIta yA jJAta-viSaya meM spaSTatA hetu jijJAsA bhAva se apane mana meM UhApoha karanA, jJAnIjanoM se pUchanA, samAdhAna pAne kA yatna krnaa| (3) parivartanA- (anuprekSA) jJAta viSaya meM mAnasika, vAcika vRtti lgaanaa| (4) dharmakathA (dharmopadeza)- dharmakathA karanA, mahApuruSoM ke jIvanavRttoM ke preraka prasaMgoM dvArA AtmAnuzAsana meM gatizIla honaa|22

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dhyAna : eka anuzIlana : 35 dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM (1) anityAnuprekSA- sabhI aihika vastuyeM anitya haiM- azAzvata haiM, isa prakAra kA cintana karanA, aise vicAroM kA abhyAsa krnaa| (2) azaraNAnuprekSA- 'janma, jarA, roga, vedanA, mRtyu Adi ke samaya koI zaraNa nahIM hai' aisA bAra-bAra cintana krnaa| (3) ekatvAnuprekSA- mRtyu, vedanA, zubha-azubha, karmaphala ityAdi ko jIva akelA hI bhogatA hai| utthAnapatana, sukha, duHkha Adi kA sArA dAyitva ekamAtra jIva kA apanA akele kA hI hai ata: kyoM na prANI AtmakalyANa meM juTe, isa prakAra kI vaicArika pravRtti jgaanaa| (4) saMsArAnuprekSA- saMsAra kI asAratA kA bArambAra cintana krnaa| zukla dhyAna- svarUpa kI dRSTi se zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda isa prakAra (1) pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra- vitarka kA artha zrutAvalambI vikalpa hai| pUrvadhara muni pUrvazruta-viziSTa jJAna ke anusAra kisI eka dravya kA Alambana lekara dhyAna karatA hai kintu usake kisI eka pariNAma yA paryAya para sthira nahIM rahatA, usake vividha pariNAmoM para saMcaraNa karatA hai- zabda se artha para artha se zabda para tathA mana, vANI evaM deha meM eka dUsare kI pravRtti para, saMkramaNa karatA hai, aneka apekSAoM se cintana karatA hai| aisA karanA pRthaktva-vitarka-vicAra zukladhyAna hai| (2) ekatva-vitarka avicAra- pUrvadhara, pUrvazruta kA jJAtA pUrvazrutaviziSTa jJAna ke kisI eka pariNAma para cita ko sthira karatA hai| aisA dhyAna jo zabda, artha, mana, vANI tathA deha para saMkramaNa nahIM karatA ekatva vitarka avicAra kI saMjJA se abhihita hai| (3) sUkSmakriyA-apratipAti (anivartI)- jaba kevalI Ayu ke anta samaya meM yoga-nirodha kA krama prArambha karate haiM, taba ve mAtra sUkSma kAyayoga kA avalambana liye hote haiM, unake aura saba yoga niruddha ho jAte haiM kevala zvAsa-prazvAsa jaisI sUkSma kriyA hI avazeSa. raha jAtI hai| vahA~ dhyAna se cyuta hone kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| usa avasthA kA dhyAna sUkSmakriyAapratipAti zukladhyAna hai| (4) samucchinna-kriyA-anivRtti- yaha dhyAna mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai| yaha vaha sthiti hai, jaba saba prakAra ke sthUla tathA sUkSma mAnasika, vAcika

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36 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 tathA daihika vyApAroM se AtmA sarvathA pRthak ho jAtA hai taba isa dhyAna dvArA avazeSa cAra aghAtikarma- vedanIya, nAma, gotra tathA Ayu bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN|26 zukladhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiM--27 viveka- deha se AtmA kI bhinnatA, (2) vyutsarga- ni:saMga bhAva se zarIra Adi sabhI upakaraNoM se mamatA haTA lenA, (3) avyathA- pIr3A tathA kaSTa Ane para AtmasthatA nahIM khonA, (4) asaMmoha- deva Adi dvArA racita mAyA jAla meM tathA sUkSma bhautika viSayoM meM saMmUDha yA vibhrAnta na honaa| zukladhyAna ke cAra Alambana isa prakAra kahe gaye haiM- (1) kssaantikssmaashiiltaa| (2) mukti- lobha Adi ke bandhana se unmukttaa| (3) ArjavaRjutA, saralatA, nisskptttaa| (4) mArdava- mRdutA-komalatA, nirbhimaantaa|28 zukladhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAyeM batalAI gaI haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM (1) apAyAnuprekSA- AtmA dvArA Acarita karmoM ke kAraNa utpadyamAna apAya- anarthoM ke sambandha meM puna:-puna: cintn| (2) azubhAnuprekSA- saMsAra ke aprazasta rUpa kA cintana, (3) anantavRttitAnuprekSA- saMsAra cakra kI ananta kAla taka calate rahane kI vRtti (svabhAva) para punaH-punaH cintn| (4) vipariNAmAnuprekSA- vastu jagat kI parivartanazIlatA para cintana krnaa|29 inameM se Arta aura raudra ina do dhyAnoM ko aprazasta, apadhyAna kahA gayA hai| ye dhyAna karmabandha kA hetu hone se tathA bhavabhramaNa evaM duHkha kA kAraNa hone se heya haiN| jabaki antima do dhyAna (dharma aura zukla) prazasta haiM, AcaraNIya haiM, grAhya haiM, ye mokSamArga ko prazasta karate haiN|31 / yadi ina cAroM ke sAmAnyAtisAmAnya (sthUlatama) svarUpa para vicAra kareM to hama pAyeMge ki prathama do dhyAna nakArAtmaka vicAra zrRMkhalA ke dyotaka haiM jo svAsthya tantra ko bhI duSprabhAvita karate haiN| Dr. William Boericke 37467 Yanto Homeopathic Materia Medica, pRSTha 8 para likhate haiM ki choTI se choTI pratyeka bImArI, bhaya, cintA tathA parezAnI se jur3I huI hotI hai32 tathA eka anya sthAna, pRSTha 342 para ve eka bImArI ke lakSaNoM meM azrupAta, Ahe bharanA, sisakiyA~ bharanA, viSAdagrasta honA, bAta na karanA, zocanatA pUrNa honA, udAsa honA, Adi ginAye haiN|33 isI prakAra avasAda (Depression) nAmaka bImArI ke lakSaNa se kauna aparicita hai| isake mUla meM bhI eka prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hI hai| yadi ina Upara kathita lakSaNoM ko tathA ArtadhyAna ke lakSaNoM ko milAyeM

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dhyAna : eka anuzIlana : 37 to samAnatA spaSTa udghATita ho jAtI hai| tAtparyArtha kevala itanA hai ki na kevala AdhyAtmika dRSTi se balki zarIra-vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI tathA manovijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI nakArAtmaka dhyAna athavA apadhyAna tyAjya haiM kyoMki apadhyAna ke kAraNa zarIra meM isa prakAra ke parivartana. hote haiM jisase manuSya kA samasta pAcanatantra tathA paramparayA sampUrNa zarIratantra duSprabhAvita ho uThatA hai| dUsarI tarapha sudhyAna kA moTA svarUpa prasannacitta yA mana se hai| isa prakAra kA sudhyAna AdhyAtmika evaM laukika donoM dRSTiyoM se kalyANakArI hai| isase UrjA kA prasAra hotA hai| alaukika Ananda milatA hai| sandarbha 1. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR. 503 2. vahI, pR. 502 3. 'tatra pratyayaikatAnatA dhyAnam'- 3.2 pAtaJjalayogadarzanam, svAmI zrI brahmalIna ___ muni 4. 'tadetaddhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhiH trayamekatra saMyamaH' pAtaJjalayogadarzana kI sUtra saMkhyA 3.4 para vyAsabhASya-svAmI zrI brahmalIna muni ma. 5. zrImadbhagavadgItA- pR. 68, gItA presa, gorakhapura, 2062 6. tattvArthasUtra, saM. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, 9.27 7. tattvArthavArtika, paM. mahendra kumAra jaina, (bhAga-2), 9.27, pR. 790 8. sarvArthasiddhi, paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, 9.27, pR. 444-23-25 9. tattvArthavArtika, paM. mahendra kumAra jaina, (bhAga-2), 9.27, pR. 790 10. tattvArthavArtika (hindI sAra), bhAga-2, 9027, pR. 790 11. vahI, tathA sarvArthasiddhi, 9.27.445.18 12. (i) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, (bhAga-4), 25.7.237 Agama prakAzana samiti, saMpA. zrI amara muni, byAvara, rAja. jhANe cauvvihe paNNate, taM jahA-aTTe jhANe, rodde jhANe, dhammejhANe, sukke jhaanne| (ii) aupapAtikasUtra, sUtra 30, pR. 49 DaoN. chaganalAla zAstrI, kAvyatIrtha (iii) tattvArthasUtra, 9.28 13. (i) bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra) bhAga-4, 25.7.237-249 (ii) aupapAtikasUtra, sUtra saMkhyA 30 pR. 49-50 14. vahI 15. vahI

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38 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 16. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, bhAga-4, 25.7.240, pR. 507 tathA 509 17. aupapAtikasUtra, pR. 70 18. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, bhAga-4, 25.7.242, pR. 507 19. aupapAtikasUtram, pR. 70 20. vahI, pR. 71 21. aupapAtikasUtra, pR. 71 22. vahI 23. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, bhAga-4, 25.7.246 pR. 508 24. aupapAtikasUtra, sUtra 30, paryAya- kSaNa-kSaNavartI avasthA vizeSa 25. aupapAtikasUtra, pR. 74 26. vahI 27. aupapAtikasUtra, pR. 28. vahI 29. sarvArthasiddhi, 9.29.446.5 30. tattvArthasUtra, 9.29 31. Homeopathic Materia Medica, Page 8 ; Dr. W. Booricke Jain, Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 32. Ibid

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zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 akTUbara-disambara-2010 puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana DaoN0 madhubAlA jaina [ DaoN. madhubAlA jaina ne isa Alekha meM bharata-bAhubali mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isake kAvya-vaiziSTaya ko nahIM batalAyA hai| AzA hai, Age isake kAvya-vaiziSTaya ko bhI nirUpita kreNgii| ] zramaNa-saMskRti ke ananya upAsaka puNyakuzalagaNi kA ekamAtra mahAkAvya "bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya" jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM se prakAzita hai| isa mahAkAvya ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya puNyakuzalagaNi ne samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA karane hetu isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| unakA yaha mahAkAvya vAkya-vinyAsa, pada-garimA, kAvya-sauSThava Adi kAvyocita sabhI guNoM se yukta hai| puNyakuzalagaNi ne adhyAtma-pradhAna zramaNa-saMskRti ko apanAkara samAja ko sanmArga para calane kI preraNA dI hai| unhoMne jaina dharma evaM darzana ke svarUpa ko naye AyAma pradAna kiye haiN| dharma-dhyAna evaM zukladhyAna ko apanAkara unhoMne karma-kANDa Adi bAhya ADambaroM ko chor3ane kA sandeza diyA hai| ve jana-jana ke citta ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara lene vAle the| sArthakanAmA ve puNya-kAryoM meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA samajhate the| unhoMne apanI kAvyapratibhA se rasADhya, ramyapadAlaMkAra-yukta, hRdya evaM muktipatha ko darzAne vAle mahAkAvya kI racanA kara saMskRta-sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko apUrva yogadAna kiyA hai| dharma kA udaya mAnava kI AdhyAtmika ruci kA pratiphalana hai| 'dharma' zabda Rgveda meM dhAraNa karane ke artha meM AyA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI 'dhAraNAt dharmamityAhuH dharmoM dhArayate prajAH' isa kathana dvArA dharma kA dhAraNa artha hI liyA gayA hai| mahAbhAratakAra ke anusAra na kevala mAnava-samAja hI dharma kI AdhArazilA para TikA huA hai apitu sampUrNa jagat kI pratiSThA bhI dharma meM * atithi prAdhyApaka, rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, nAthaddhArA 107,govinda nagara, sekTara 13, udayapura, raajsthaan|

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40 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 hI hai| jisa prakAra dAhakatA agni kA dharma hai tathA gaMdha pRthvI kA vizeSa dharma hai vaise hI kucha vizeSatAoM ko dhAraNa kara vyakti mAnava kahalAtA hai| atharvaveda meM satya, dIkSA, tapa, brahma, yajJa Adi ko dharmatattva batalAyA gayA hai| vastutaH dharmatattva mAnava-samAja evaM sRSTi kA niyAmaka hai| dharma kA svarUpa parivartanazIla rahA hai| vaidika dharma yajJa-pradhAna thaa| kintu upaniSatkAla meM dharma kA yajJa se viziSTa sambandha kramazaH samApta hone lagA aura yajJa kI apekSA naitika guNoM para adhika bala diyA jAne lgaa| chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra dharma tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - 1. gRhasthadharma- jisameM yajJa, adhyayana evaM dAna kArya hote haiN| 2. tapa-dharma- jisameM vrata, niyama Adi kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| 3. naiSThika brahmacarya dharma- jisameM brahmacArI sadaiva brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate hue anta taka AcArya kula meM rhe| dharma kI vizada vyAkhyA smRti-zAstroM meM batAyI gayI hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra trivarga (dharma, artha aura kAma) kA sAra dharma hI hai|5 "dharma" prANimAtra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| jainoM ke anusAra vastu-svabhAva dharma hai| kintu AcAra-dharma kA bodha jaina-dharma kA pratipAdya hai evaM vastu-dharma kA bodha jainadarzana kA viSaya hai| anya dharmoM evaM darzanoM meM bhI ina viSayoM kA vizada vivecana huA hai| pratyeka darzana se tattad AcAra dharma anuprANita hotA hai| jaina-darzana meM ciMtana kA jo navanIta nikalA use dharma ke virAT phalaka para prastuta karane kA jaina-kaviyoM kA prayAsa sarAhanIya hai| unhoMne manuSyoM ke laukika evaM pAralaukika uddezyoM ko samanvita kara dharma kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai| laukika abhyudaya evaM pAralaukika niHzreyas donoM sammilita rUpa meM dharma kahalAtA hai - yato'bhyudayani:zreyassiddhiH sa dhrmH| dharma antardRSTi vizuddha Antarika cetanA se anuprANita hotI hai| bhakti, karma, jJAna, sAdhanA, anuzAsana Adi guNa dharma kA kriyAnvayana hai| dharmAnuSThAnI dUsaroM ke manogata bhAvoM kA pArakhI hotA hai| vaha dUsaroM ke hRdayagata bhAvoM ko usakI AkRti evaM ceSTAoM se sahaja jAna letA hai| ise eka dRSTAMta dvArA sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| bharata dvArA preSita dUta ko dekhakara hI bAhubalI saba kucha jAna gye| phira bhI unhoMne apane bar3e bhAI bharata ke prati pUrNa zraddhA bhAva se usa dUta se Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| usane bharata kI mahimA kA vistAra se varNana karake unake cakra ke zastrAgAra meM praviSTa na hone kA

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puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana : 41 kAraNa Apa dvArA bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra na karanA btaayaa| ata: Apako bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lenI caahie| yaha sunakara kSatriya dharma kA pAlana karane vAle bAhubalI, dUta kI vAcAlatA evaM bharata kI dhRSTatA ko jAnakara haMsane lage - dUta ! tvatsvAmino dhAyaM, vAcAlatvaM tvoddhtm| etadvayaM mamAtyantaM, hAsyamAsye tanoti hi|| bAhubalI kA yaha hAsya unake zaurya aura parAkrama kI parAkASThA ko vyaMjita karatA hai| "sarvArthasiddhi' grantha meM dharma ke vyutpattimUlaka artha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "iSTe sthAne dhatte iti dhrmH'| arthAt jo hameM iSTa sthAna kI ora le jAtA hai vaha dharma hai| ataH dharma bhI vyakti-vizeSa ke lie viziSTa hotA hai| bAhubalI svAbhimAnI rAjA the| bhrAtR-prema aura rAjadharma meM rAjadharma pradhAna hai| yahI karttavya-bodha bharata evaM bAhubalI donoM ko bhrAtR-prema ko tilAMjali dene kA kAraNa banatA hai aura usakI pariNati mahAyuddha meM hotI hai| yuddha hI rAjAoM kI niyAmaka maryAdA hotI hai| sajjana puruSa alaMghanIya dharma, artha aura kAma kA yugAnta meM bhI ullaMghana nahIM karate haiM - santo yugAnte'pyavilaGghanIyAn / dharmArthakAmAn na vilaGghayanti / / dharma vahI zreSTha hai jo loka maMgalakArI ho| sAMsArika prANiyoM kI rakSA karanA ahiMsA dharma hai| isa dharma kA mUla dayA hai - dharmo nAma dyaamuulH| bauddhapAhur3a meM bhI 'dhammo dayAvisuddho' kahA hai| dayAbhAva se anta:karaNa meM vidyamAna moha, rAga-dveSa, hiMsA, krodha Adi kaSAya-bhAva naSTa ho jAte haiN| yaha dayAmaya dharma do prakAra kA hotA hai - sakala aura vikl| sakala dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAle jaina-muni hote haiM aura vikala dharma kA pAlana karane vAle zrAvaka (sadgRhastha) hote haiN| ata: sakaladharma, munidharma tathA vikaladharma gRhasthadharma kahalAtA hai| sakaladharma kA pAlana jaina muni hI kara sakate haiN| ghara Adi samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga kara dene vAle muni samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana evaM samyagcAritra vAle hote haiN| zrAvaka evaM muni-carita para TippaNI karate hue amRtacandrasUri ne batAyA ki sarvathA tyAgarUpa mahAvrata ke adhikArI munirAja hote haiM aura ekadezatyAga rUpa aNuvrata ke adhikArI zrAvaka yA upAsaka hote haiN| mokSa

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42 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 prApta karane ke lie aNuvratadhArI zrAvaka hI mahAvratadhArI muni ho sakatA hai| yuddha ke lie prayANa karane para zrAvaka bharata ne bAhubalI kI sImA meM vidyamAna jaina-mandira meM bhagavAn RSabha kI pUjA-arcanA kii| vahAM unheM eka muni mile| bharata ne unheM pahacAna kara dIkSA lene kA kAraNa puuchaa| pratyuttara meM una muni ne batAyA ki bharata ke sAtha yuddha meM parAjita hokara virakta ho gaye aura jina-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| yaha jAnakara bharata ko yuddha kI vibhISikA evaM vinAza kI parikalpanA kA punarAbhAsa huaa| ve bhI antarmana se municaryA kA pAlana karane kI icchA abhivyakta karate haiM kintu apane Apako karmoM se baMdhA huA kahakara vaisA karane meM asamarthatA prakaTa karate haiM - icchAmi cA~ bhavatopapannAM, karmANi me no shithiliibhvnti| taireva baddho labhate'tra duHkhaM, jIvastu pAzairiva naagraajH||" vastuta: jainadharma kI AcAra-saMhitA meM muni-dharma hI zreSTha dharma hai| isI dharma meM zAntarasa kA sUrya cittavRttirUpI udayAcala para udita hotA hai| ataeva zrAvakoM ke hRdaya-kamala unake darzana mAtra se vikasita ho jAte haiM - tvaccittavRttiprathamAdricUlAM, zamAMzumAlI smudetyupety| tato'smadIyaM hRdayAravindaM, vikAsitAmeti viloknen|| jaina-muni-dharma vizva ke sabhI dharmoM meM advitIya hai| isameM Adita: samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga kara satya, ahiMsA, asteya evaM pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| tapa:sAdhanA isa dharma kA prANa hai| ata: jaina-kAvyoM meM nAyaka evaM pratinAyaka anta meM pravrajita hokara muni-dIkSA grahaNa karate haiN| yahAM para bhI vijayI pratinAyaka bAhubalI mahAvratadhArI muni bana jAte haiM - munireSa babhUva mahAvratabhRt , samaraM parihAya samaM ca russaa| sRhRdo'suhRdaH sadRzAn gaNayan, sadayaM hRdayaM viracayya ciram / / isa prakAra muni bAhubalI sabhI ke lie pUjya evaM vandanIya ho gye| ataeva mahArAja bharata ne bhI apanI azru-pravAha se paMkila mukha-kAnti se saMyama meM saMlagna evaM saMsAra virakta bAhubalI ko praNAma kiyA - patadanukaNAvilavaktrarucirbharatAdhipatiH samupetya tataH / praNanAmatarAM matarAbhasikAnuratervirataM nirataM viratau / / kintu bAhubalI ke mana se "ahaM'' pUrNa rUpa se nikalA nahIM thaa| ata: kevala-jJAna kI prApti nahIM ho rahI thii| kintu kAlAntara meM pravrajita brAhmI

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puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana : 43 aura sundarI ke prabodha se unhoMne apane 'ahaM' kA parityAga kara apane pUrva pravrajita choTe bhAiyoM kI vandanA kii| kyoMki jainadharma meM dharma-vRddha pUjya hote haiM, AyuvRddha nhiiN| jaisA ki kAlidAsa ne bhI kumArasaMbhava meM kahA hai na dharmavRddheSu vayaH smiikssyte| . isa mahAkAvya ke nAyaka bharata bhI apane samasta parivAra-janoM ke pravrajita ho jAne tathA svayaM ke nirAbharaNa hasta ko dekhakara bAhya upAdhiyoM evaM svabhAva meM hone vAle antara ko samajhakara virakta ho jina-dIkSA le lI aura unake citta meM utpanna vItarAgI bhAvanAoM se hI unheM kevalajJAna ho gyaa| isa prakAra isa mahAyuddha kA anta zAntarasa kI nirmala dhArA meM apane samasta kaSAyoM ke prakSAlana se hotA hai| ____yaha mahAkAvya saMskRta ke uccakoTi ke mahAkAvyoM kI zailI para racA gayA hai| ata: yahAM kavi eka sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM "rAmAdivat vartitavyaM na rAvaNAdivat' kI zikSA kI bhAMti yahI saMdeza detA hai ki saMsAra kI yathArthatA ko samajhakara apane karttavya kI itizrI ho jAya to adhyAtma-mArga kA anusaraNa kara carama puruSArtha "mokSa" ko prApta karanA caahie| kyoMki AtmA ke parama hita kA pratipAdana hI jainadarzana kA prayojana hai aura usakA parama hita mokSaprApti hI hai| yaha mokSa Atyantika evaM avyAbAdha sukhasvarUpa hotA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyak cAritra hI mokSa-mArga meM le jAtA hai| ___jainadharma prANimAtra kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai| isa dharma kA svarUpa ahiMsA, saMyama aura tyAga kA samanvaya hai| isa dharma meM kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA, pavitratA, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ye dasa niyama yA dharma hote haiN| isa dharma kA kSamA-guNa bahuta upayogI hai| hRdaya se kI gayI kSamA paraspara maitrI-bhAva ko bar3hAtI hai aura vaira-bhAva kA vinAza karatI hai| rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA kA mUlasvara kSamA guNa hI hai| saccA dharma vaira-virodha ko nahIM sikhaataa| vaha to saMyama aura viveka se apane karttavya kA bodha karAtA hai| karttavya-pAlana evaM adhyAtma-niSThA hI dharma hai jo isa loka aura paraloka donoM kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai| isI bhAva ko abhivyakta karate hue kavi ne bharata se kahalavAyA hai - bhrAtastvaM laghurasi tattavAparAdhAH kSantavyA manasi mayA gururgurutvaat|

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44 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 dAkSiNyaM tava tu mamAritIvrametanno, kartA tuhinaruceryathA tmaasym|| 12 arthAt he bhAI ! tuma choTe ho aura maiM bar3A huuN| isalie mujhe apane gurutva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara mana hI mana tumhAre aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara denA caahie| kintu yaha merA tIvra cakra tumhAre para kRpA nahIM karegA, jaise rAhu candramA para nahIM krtaa| yahAM kartavyabodha hone se kSamA-bhAva kA udaya to dharma hai kintu ahiMsA bhAva ke abhAva meM yaha dharma niSkriya ho jAtA hai| ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne "ahiMsA paramo dharma:' kA udghoSa kiyA thaa| __jyeSTha bhrAtA bharata ko yuddha meM mArane ke lie uddhata bAhubalI ko devatAoM ne jo upadeza diyA vaha sabhI dharmoM kA sAra pratIta hotA hai - kalahaM tamavehi halAhalakaM, yamitA yamino'pyayamA niymaat| bhavatI jagatI jagatIzasutaM, nayate narakaM tadalaM klhaiH|| 12 arthAt tuma usa kalaha ko halAhala viSa ke samAna jAno jisakA Azraya lekara saMyamI muni bhI saMyama se vicalita ho jAte haiN| kalaha ke kAraNa yaha pUjanIyA pRthvI rAjapUtra ko naraka meM le jAtI hai, ata: isa pRthvI (rAjya) ke lie kiye jAne vAle kalaha se hameM sadaiva vimukha rahanA caahie| yahI nahIM, devatAgaNa bAhubalI ko zAntarasa ke sevana ke lie muni-pada kI sAdhanA karane kA prastAva rakhate haiN| unakI saccI vANI ko sunakara bAhubalI tatkAla yuddha aura roSa ko eka sAtha chor3akara, mitra aura zatru ko samAna mAnate hue hRdaya ko sadA ke lie karuNAmaya banAkara mahAvratadhArI muni bana gaye - munire Sa babhUva mahAvratabhRt , samaraM parihAya samaM ca russaa| suhRdo'suhRdaH sadRzAn gaNayan, sadayaM hRdayaM viracayya ciram / / 14 "samaNasutta'' meM muni mArga ko mokSa-mArga batalAyA gayA hai| isa mArga para calakara bhavya jIva isa ananta saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra kara letA hai| isakA Azraya koI bhI vyakti le sakatA hai| varNa yA jAti kA yahAM koI bandhana nahIM hai| jina arthAt jitendriya mahApuruSoM kA vacana aisI amRtatulya auSadhi hai jo viSaya-vAsanAoM kA virecana kara detI hai tathA jarA, mRtyu evaM rogoM kA bhI samUlonmUlana kara detI hai| isa prakAra saba duHkhoM kA vinAza kara dene vAlI isa jinavANI rUpI. auSadhi kA sevana AdhyAtmika svAsthya ko pradAna karane vAlA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yuyutsu bharata aura bAhubalI jinavANI

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puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana : 45 ke prabhAva se yuddhonmAda se virata hokara kevalajJAnI ho gye| isa mahAkAvya meM "dharma" ko puNya kA pratIka batAyA hai jo mAnavamAtra kI unnati karane vAlA hotA hai| isake viparIta adharmAcaraNa pApakAraka hotA hai| pApI pApa ke kAraNa adhaHpatana kI ora agrasara hokara apanA sarvasva kho detA hai| isI tathya ko mahAkavi ne prakArAntara se batAyA hai ki senA ke Age calane vAle ghor3oM ke khurAgoM se Upara uThatI huI dhUla una ghor3oM ke pIche calane vAle madonmatta hAthiyoM ke mada-jala se vaise hI nIce girA dI jAtI hai jaise bhale vyakti pApa ke kAraNa nIce gira jAte haiN| puNya paropakAra se hotA hai| puNyavAn jIva aisI saMracanA karate haiM jo dUsaroM ke lie preraNAdAyaka hotI hai| bhagavAn kA mandira sabhI ke lie darzanIya evaM vandanIya hotA hai| kyoMki usameM RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM hotI haiN| una pratimAoM se alaMkRta jaina-mandira vaise hI suzobhita hote haiM jaise puNya ke atizaya se jIvana, AtmA se deha aura kamala se tAlAba suzobhita hote haiN| mahArAja bharata bhI bAhubalI ke rAjya ke sImAnta pradeza meM sthita eka mandira ko dekhakara hAthI se nIce utara gye| unhoMne uttarAsaMgavidhi karake arthAt snAna kara evaM sAdhAraNa dhavalavastra dhAraNa kara mandira meM praveza kiyA aura tIna bAra bhagavAn kI pradakSiNA kara paMcAMga (donoM hAtha, donoM ghuTanoM tathA mastaka ko jamIna para rakhakara) namaskAra kiyaa| kyoMki tIrthakara ko pAvana hRdaya se namaskAra karane se cakravartI rAjA bhI anya rAjAoM se namaskRta hote haiN| jinendra-darzana se pApa kI vaitaraNI sUkha jAtI hai aura usameM puNya-salila bahane lagatA hai| yaha saMsAra-samudra to kaSAya rUpI matsyoM se bharA huA hai| vastutaH yaha kAma-vAsanAoM ke kalloloM se atyanta dAruNa saMsAra-sAgara tabhI pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba jinendra-pratimA rUpI naukA upalabdha ho|15 deva-mandira hamAre deza kI saMskRti ke dharohara haiN| ata: mahAkavi ne jaina-mandiroM ke nirmANa kI preraNA dI hai|16 isa vicitra saMsAra meM kucha manuSya aprApta bhogoM kI kAmanA karate haiM aura kucha prApta sabhI bhogoM ko chor3akara kaivalyarUpI vadhU kA varaNa karate haiN|17 aise tyAgI-yazasvI janoM ke zAntarasa kA sUrya cittavRttirUpI udayAcala ko prApta kara udita hotA hai to vaha bhavya jIvoM ke hRdayarUpI kamaloM ko vikasita kara detA hai|18 mahArAja bharata bhI mandira meM sthita vidyAdhara muni ko dekhakara vairAgya-bhAva se bharakara kahate haiM ki he muni! maiM bhI Apa

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46 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 dvArA svIkRta muni-caryA ko prApta karanA cAhatA hU~ kintu mere karma-bandhana zithila nahIM ho rahe haiN| bandhana se ba~dhA hAthI jaise duHkha pAtA hai vaise hI yaha saMsArI jIva karma-bandhanoM se kaSTa hI bhogatA hai|19 isa saMsAra meM to jo sukha ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI duHkha ke bhI kAraNa haiM aura jo rAga ke hetu haiM ve hI saMtApa ke bhI hetu haiN| isI prakAra jo maitrI ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI baira ke kAraNa haiN| ata: isa saMsAra meM zAzvata sukha kahIM bhI nahIM hai| jinake ye saba nahIM haiM ve muni dhanya haiN|20 munijana to krodharUpI agni ko kSamA-jala se sarvathA upazAnta kara dete haiN| ve apane mAnarUpI hAthI ko mArdava rUpI siMhanAda se parAsta kara dete haiM tathA mAyArUpI vRkSa kA RjutA ke parazu se uccheda kara dete haiN|21 _isa mahAkAvya meM munidharma kA mahattva batAte hae mahAkavi ne kahA hai ki ve sarvadA mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti meM saMyata hote haiN| ve tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita mArga kA sAdhuvRtti se AcaraNa karate haiN| ve donoM (bAhya aura Abhyantara) tapasyAoM meM lIna rahate haiN| ve Avazyaka kriyAoM meM kabhI pramAda nahIM karate haiN|22 munidharma jJAna, bhakti aura kriyA kA samanvaya hai| ata: unake upadeza sarvadharmasamabhAva ko lie hue hote haiN| unake upadezoM se mAnava kI pAzavika aura svArthamayI pravRttiyoM para aMkuza lagatA hai| dharma kI niSThA se vyakti kA kalyANa hotA hai aura svastha samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| pratyeka vyakti ke bhItara eka udAtta vRtti hotI hai jise dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra dharma kI anubhUti hone para bhI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| muni apane pravacana se usI anubhUti ko jIvana meM utArane kI preraNA dete haiN| ata: jaina AmnAya meM munidharma ko zreSTha dharma mAnA jAtA hai| muni mokSa-sampadA ke bhoktA hote haiN|23 ve bhavya jIvoM ke sAMsArika da:khoM ko dUra karane vAle hote haiN| kyoMki unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke dvandvoM se mukta hokara jana-jana ke ajJAnAndhakAra ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kara paropakAra kI dharmadhvajA ko phaharAne kA nizcaya kiyA hai| ve hI jJAna-sUrya aura jJAna-candra kI upamA ko dhAraNa karate haiN| ata: bharata aise mahAtmAoM kI prazaMsA karate hue kahate haiM ki he yugAdideva ! yaha saMsAra-samudra kaSAyarUpI matsyoM se bharA par3A hai| yaha kAmavAsanA kI kalloloM se atyanta dAruNa aura duruttara hai| ataH he deva ! tuma hI naukA banakara prANiyoM ko isase pAra pahuMcA sakate ho|24 aise mahAmuniyoM ke nAma-smaraNa se bhI mahAn puNyarUpI dharma hotA hai| jaba unake sAkSAt darzana ho jAte haiM to aneka

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puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana : 47 puNyazAlI zrAvaka mahAvratadhArI muni bana jAte haiN| bAhubalI jaise advitIya yoddhA bhI yuddha - vijaya ko mAnavatA kI avahelanA samajhakara mahAvratadhArI muni ho jAte haiN| unheM saMyama meM saMlagna dekhakara cakravartI bharata bhI unake caraNoM meM natamastaka ho jAte haiN| ve unase nivedana karate haiM ki he zAntarasa ke nAyaka ! maiM aparAdhI hU~, isalie merI jIbha kucha kaha nahIM pA rahI hai| he sumate ! grISma-: Rtu se tapta merI abhimata saritA ko Apa pAnI se bhara deN| cakravartI ke isa prakAra ke dIna-vacana sunakara bhI bAhubalI muni mauna bane rahe kyoMki jina vyaktiyoM kA hRdaya Asakti se rahita hai ve rAjAoM ko bhI tRNa ke samAna tuccha samajhate haiN|25 isa mahAkAvya meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA vistRta guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| ve prathama tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| unake pazcAt teIsa tIrthaMkara aura hue haiN| unameM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA sarvamAnya hai| inake atirikta bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha yA ariSTanemi ko bhI vidvAn aitihAsika mAnate haiN| ve zrIkRSNa ke bar3e bhAI the| jaina - purANoM meM bhI inhIM cAra tIrthaMkaroM ke vizeSa, vistRta, prAmANika evaM prAcIna vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| ina sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne dharma meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya,. . brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko zramaNoM ke lie mahAvrata ke rUpa meM Avazyaka mAnA hai tathA zrAvakoM ke lie bhI ina vratoM kA AMzika rUpa se pAlana karanA anivArya hai| ye hI pAMca vyaktibheda se mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| ina vratoM kA mahattva dArzanika dRSTi se bhI hai| jainadharma nirIzvaravAdI hai| isa dharma meM sRSTi ke kartA, pAlanakartA aura saMhartA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yaha dharma to puruSArthavAdI hai| zramaNa saMskRti meM manuSya hI apane puruSArtha ke dvArA Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH koI bhI manuSya zrama ke dvArA zramaNa bana kara siddha avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH zramaNa-dharma udAravAdI hai| isameM jainetara vyakti bhI dIkSita ho sakatA hai| sabhI jaina tIrthaMkara kSatriya the| yahI isa dharma kI virATatA kA prabala pramANa hai| mahAvIra ke aneka ziSya brAhmaNa the| ataH isa dharma meM jAti- bandhana nahIM hai| Aja bhI aneka jaina muni jainetara jAti ke haiN| jaina-dharma meM karma-mImAMsA pramukha hai| jo jaisA karma karatA hai vaha vaisA phala pAtA hai| zubha karmoM kA zubha pariNAma hotA hai aura azubha karmoM kA

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48 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 ashubh| ata: karma kI pavitratA se hI puNyAsrava hotA hai| tabhI koI vyakti samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak cAritra (AcaraNa) se mukti rUpa parama puruSArtha ko prApta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra jo mukti kI yogyatA prApta kara lete haiM ve vizaddha jJAna se samaddha evaM uttama caritra ke dhAraka ho jAte haiN| aise hI mahApuruSoM ko arhat, jIvanmukta, siddha yA sthitaprajJa kahate haiN| jaina-zramaNa mUlata: nirgrantha hote haiN| ata: tyAga-pradhAna isa dharma meM ahiMsA ko pramukha mAnA hai| sabhI jIvoM para dayAbhAva isa dharma kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| isa dharma meM vanaspatiyoM meM bhI jIva mAnA gayA hai| ata: paryAvaraNa ko bhI isa dharma kA pramukha aMga mAnA jA sakatA hai| sarvadharmasamabhAva kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI jaina-darzana meM anekAntavAda evaM syAvAda kI avadhAraNA ko bala milaa| isa mahAkAvyakAra ne dArzanika pANDitya ko apane kAvya meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai| - yadyapi isa mahAkAvya meM anya darzanoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai kintu unake siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karanA kavi kA uddezya nahIM hai| jainadarzana ke marmajJa mahAkavi puNyakuzalagaNi ne syAdvAda-siddhAnta ke anusAra anya darzanoM kI vizeSatAoM kA hI prakArAntara se ullekha kiyA hai - tvameva naiyAyikavAkprapaJcairvibhuH prameyo'si lasatpratApa / tvameva bhoktA zivasaMpado hi, vedAntasiddhAntamatAbhitaLa / / 26 arthAt mahArAja bharata RSabha-pratimA kI vandanA karate hue kahate haiM ki he tejasvin ! naiyAyika siddhAnta ke anusAra tuma-sarvavyApI aura prameya-pramiti ke viSaya ho| he vedAntasiddhAntamata se abhitaLa ! tuma hI mokSa-sampadA ke bhoktA ho| sandarbha grantha sUcI 1. trINi padA vicakrame viSNugopA adaabhyH| ato dharmANi dhaaryn|| - Rgveda 1/22/18 2. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva - 109/11 . 3. atharvaveda - 12/1/1 4. trayo dharmaskandhA yajJo'dhyayanaM dAnamiti prathamastapa eveti dvitIyo brahmacaryAcAryakulavAsI tRtiiyo'tyntmaatmaanmaacaarykule'vsaadyn| -chAndogyopaniSad 2/23

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puNyakuzalagaNi viracita bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya meM jainadharma evaM darzana : 49 5. UrdhvabAhurviraumyeSa na kazcit zRNoti me| dharmAdarthazca kAmazca sa kimarthaM na sevyte|| - mahAbhArata, svargArohaNaparva, 5/62 6. bharatabAhubali mahAkAvya 10/22 7. bha.bA.ma. - 3/7 8. bha.bA.ma. - 2/68 9. bha. bA. ma. 10/50 10. bha. bA. ma. 10/47 11.. bha. bA. ma. 17/76 12. bha. bA. ma. 17/79 13. bha. bA. ma. 17/61 14. bha. bA. ma. 17/70 15. bha. bA. ma. 17/76 16. vahI 10/29 17. vahI 10/42 18. vahI 10/47 19. vahI 10/50 20. vahI, 10/51 21. vahI 10/52 22. vahI 10/63 23. vahI 10/20 24. vahI 10/22 25. vahI 17/79 26. bha. bA. ma. 10/20

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zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 akTUbara-disambara-2010 vaidika va zramaNa paramparA meM samAna dhArmika kriyAyeM DaoN. manISA sinhA* [ vaidika evaM zramaNa paramparA meM vrata, tIrthayAtrA, dAna Adi kI jo dhArmika kriyAyeM pUrvakAla meM pracalita thIM ve Aja bhI pracalita haiN| inameM pApakSaya aura puNya-lAbha kI bhAvanA rahatI hai| yadi ye vItarAgabhAva se kI jAtI haiM to mokSa-prApti meM sahAyaka hotI haiN|] ihaloka tathA paraloka ko sukhI banAne ke lie, pApa-prakSAlana tathA puNya-prApti hetu loga mukhyataH tIrtha, vrata, dAna Adi kI dhArmika kriyAyeM sampAdita karate haiN| tIrthayAtrA karanA eka aisA sAdhana hai jo sAmAnya jana ko svArthamaya jIvana ke karmoM se dUra rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| logoM ko uccatara evaM dIrghakAlIna naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM ke viSaya meM socane ko mArga pradAna karatA hai| ApattiyoM se mukti tathA laukika jIvana meM zuddhi-prApti kI AzA meM sAmAnya jana dvArA tIrtha (pavitra sthAnoM) kI yAtrA kI jAtI hai| __ vaidika paramparA meM ayodhyA, mathurA, mAyA, kAzI, kA~cI, avantikA, dvArikA ko mokSadAyaka tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| amAvasyA, saMkrAnti, candragrahaNa, sUryagrahaNa para gaMgA-snAna ko asaMkhya tIrtha kA phala mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM tIrthayAtrA ke puNya ko agniSToma jaise yajJa se uttama batAyA gayA hai| anuzAsana parva meM tIrthayAtrA ko pUrNa puNya prApta karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| agni purANa meM kahA gayA hai ki jisase bhoga-mokSa kI prApti hotI hai vaha tIrtha hai| jaina Agama jambUdvIpa-prajJapti meM mAgadhatIrtha, varadAmatIrtha, prabhAsatIrtha kA ullekha hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM tIrtha ko mahattvapUrNa kahA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke janma, kevalajJAna, tapa aura nirvANa kalyANakoM se sambandhita sthaloM ko pavitra tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| * pravaktA- prAcIna itihAsa, zrI agrasena ka. svA. pI.jI. kAleja, vArANasI

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vaidika va zramaNa paramparA meM samAna dhArmika kriyAyeM : 51 bauddhoM meM bhI tathAgata ke janmasthAna, jJAnaprApti, dharmacakra pravartana aura nirvANa ina cAra ghaTanAoM se sambandhita sthAna ko pavitra mAna inakI yAtrA ko mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| sudhAbhojana jAtaka' meM tIrthasthala ke rUpa meM bAhukA, gayA, timbarU kA ullekha hai| bhUridatta jAtaka meM pApa-prakSAlana tIrtha ke rUpa meM prayAga kA ullekha hai| yahA~ kA jala pApanAzaka ke rUpa meM prakhyAta thaa|' dhArmika kriyA kA dUsarA mukhya aMga vrata hai| vaidika evaM zramaNa donoM paramparAoM meM aniSTakArI zakti se vrata kiyA jAtA hai| vrata dhArmika saMkalpa ke rUpa meM grAhya hai arthAt kisI tithi, saptAha, dina yA mAsa meM eka mAnasika pratijJA kI jAtI hai jisameM vyakti ko bhojana-sambandhI yA AcaraNa sambandhI kucha niSedhoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| vaidika saMhitA meM AcaraNa se sambandhita naitika-vidhiyoM ke artha meM vrata AyA hai| pUrNamAsI ke uparAnta AThaveM dina aSTamI ko vrata tithi kahA gayA hai| Apastamba dharmasUtra meM ullekha hai ki amAvasyA kI rAtri meM candra, sUrya ke sAtha rahatA hai isalie ise darza bhI kahA gayA hai| agnipurANa meM vrata ke dasa guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| purANoM meM ullekha hai ki kAmadeva, yakSa, ziva ke lie kramaza: trayodaza, catudarzI, pUrNimA ke dina vrata sampAdana hotA thaa| ekAdazI vrata kI mAnyatA sarvAdhika hai aura isa sambandha meM pracalita hai ki ekAdazI vrata se utpanna agni se sahasroM jIvana meM kiye gaye pApoM kA iMdhana jalakara bhasma ho jAtA hai| azvamedha evaM vAjapeya jaise sahasroM yajJa ekAdazI vrata ke solahaveM aMza taka bhI nahIM pahu~ca skte| ekAdazI svarga evaM mokSa pradAyaka hai| ekAdazI kI rAtri se kArtika zukla ekAdazI taka cAturmAsya vrata kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| isa samaya vratI ko zayyA, zayana, mAMsa, madhu Adi kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai| jaina sAhitya meM paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI, caturdazI ko upavAsa kA dina batAyA gayA hai| vrata ko poSadhopavAsa yA posahasAla kahA gayA hai|15 upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki vrata ke dina vizeSa pUjA karake vrata kA AcaraNa kara dharma karma ko bar3hAnA caahie| isake pUrva ke dinoM meM rasa kA tyAga, ekAzana yA upavAsa, ekAnta-nivAsa, karanA caahie|16 loga apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie pratyeka aSTamI, caturdazI pUrNamAsI ke dina upavAsa karate the evaM saMdhyA ko pauSadha grahaNa karate the| majjhimanikAya,18 aMguttaranikAya?

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52 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 saMyuktanikAya0 therIgAthA21 se vidita hai ki aniSTakArI zakti evaM prabhAva se bacane ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke manokAmanA pUrti ke lie sAmAnya jana prAyaH caturthI, paMcadazI, aSTamI tathA navamI vrata kA pAlana karate the| cAturmAsa vrata ko varSAvAsa kahA gayA hai| vRhatkalpabhASya meM varSAvAsa kA parama pramANa cAra mAha gayA hai|22 sthAnAMga sUtra23 tathA vinayapiTaka24 meM cAturmAsya vrata ke rUpa meM varSAvAsa kA ullekha hai| dhArmika kriyA kA tIsarA mahattvapUrNa aMga dAna hai| Rgveda meM dAna ko ati zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isameM nIti hai ki dAnadAtA ke pApa ko indra naSTa kara dete haiN|25 dAnakartA ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha svarga meM ucca sthAna prApta karatA hai| azva-dAna karane vAlA sUryaloka meM nivAsa karatA hai| svarNa kA dAnI devatA kA pada prApta karatA hai| paridhAna kA dAna karane vAlA dIrgha jIvana kA lAbha karatA hai| saptama maNDala meM azvadAna, gAyadAna, rathadAna kA ullekha hai|27 paMcama maNDala meM raktadAna kA ullekha hai|28 caturtha maNDala meM godAna karane vAle kA dAna prazaMsanIya kahA gayA hai|29 chAndogya upaniSad meM AyA hai ki janazruti pautrAyaNa ne sthAna-sthAna para aisI bhojanazAlAe~ banavA rakhI thI jahA~ para sabhI dizAoM se Akara loga bhojana prApta kara sakate the| mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM bhUmidAna, vaziSTha-dharmasUtra, manusmRti tathA yAjJavalkya smRti meM vidyAdAna, viSNu dharmasUtra meM abhayadAna ko sarvazreSTha batAyA gayA hai|31 ___jainoM ke sUtrakRtAMga meM abhayadAna ko zreSTha kahA gayA hai|22 jaina Agama meM dAna ke lie mudyAdAyI aura mudyAjIvI zabda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dAna vahI zreSTha hai jisameM dAtA kA kalyANa ho aura gRhItA kA bhI kalyANa ho|33 AcArAMga sUtra meM ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkara dIkSA lene ke pahale varSIdAna karate haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra meM dAna ko zreSTha dharma kahA gayA hai|34 sthAnAMga sUtra tathA AvazyakacUrNi meM dAna ke dasa prakAroM kA bhI ullekha hai| Avazyaka sUtra, upAsakadazAMga, sUtrakRtAMga evaM bhagavatIsUtra meM dAna ke uttama prakAroM kA ullekha hai| inameM zAsana, dAna, khAdima, svAdima, vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapochana, pIThaphalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha aura bhaiSajyadAna ko zreSTha phaladAyI kahA gayA hai|36 bauddha sAhitya meM bhI dAna-kriyA kI nirantaratA jArI hai aura divya bala, Ayu brahmaloka kI prApti, sarvajJatA kI prApti29, devatva kI prApti,

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vaidika va zramaNa paramparA meM samAna dhArmika kriyAyeM : 53 putra prApti 1, puNya evaM svarga-prApti ke lie dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| saMyukta nikAya meM dAnI dvArA zramaNoM, brAhmaNoM ko bhojana, vastra, gandha Adi aneka vastue~ dAna meM dene kA ullekha hai| jAtakoM se vidita hotA hai ki dAnapatiyoM dvArA apane apane nagara meM prAya: chaha-chaha dAnazAlAoM ke nirmANa kI prathA pracalita thii|4 duhada jAtaka meM sAmUhika dAna kA ullekha hai|45 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA meM aneka dhArmika kriyAe~ samAna thiiN| yadi ina dhArmika kriyAoM ko vItarAgabhAva se kiyA jAtA hai to ye paramparayA mokSa-lAbha meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| sandarbha-sUcI 1. kANe, pI.vI.- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1371 2. vahI pR. 1300 3. agnipurANa, adhyAya 101, pR. 235 gItA presa, dvitIya saMskaraNa 4. jambUdvIpa prajJapti 3/57 hindI anu. madhukara muni 5. Avazyaka niyukti pR. 284 6. vahI 7. sAMkRtyAyana, rAhula- buddhacaryA, pR. 500 8. jAtaka, 5, pR. 471-72 9. jAtaka, 6, pR. 234 10. kANe, pI. vI.- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, hindI anu.- caturtha bhAga, pR. 8, 11. vahI, pR. 26 12. vahI pR. 28 13. vahI pR. 42 14. vahI 15. upAsakadazAMga- sUtra, abhayadeva TIkA, pR. 45 16. upAsakAdhyayana 7/8/19 17. koThArI, subhASa- upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra eka parizIlana, pR. 182 18. majjhima nikAya, hindI anuvAda- rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 166 19. aMguttara nikAya, bhAga eka, hindI anuvAda- bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, _pR. 147 20. saMyukta nikAya, bhAga eka, hindI anu. jagadIza kAzyapa, dharmarakSita, pR. 181

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54 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 21. therIgAthA, hindI anu. bharata siMha upAdhyAya, pR. 13 22. vRhatkalpabhASya 1/6/7/8 23. sthAnAMga sUtra, hindI anu. madhukara muni, pR. 282-83 24. vinayapiTaka, hindI anu. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana pR. 17 25. Rgveda, caturtha maNDala, sUkta 20 pR. 36 26. kANe, pI.vI., dharmazAstra kA iti. hindI anu., pR. 447 27. saptama maNDala, sUkta 18 28. paMcama maNDala-sUkta 8 29. caturtha maNDala sUkta 1 30. kANe, pI. vI.- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, hindI anuvAda, pR. 448 31. vahI 32. sUtrakRtAMga, hindI anuvAda, madhukara muni- pR. 325 33. muni puSkara- jaina dharma meM dAna eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 314 34. AcArAMga sUtra, hindI anuvAda madhukara muni, pR. 379 35. sthAnAMga sUtra, hindI anuvAda, madhukara muni, bhAga eka, pR. 719 36. muni puSkara- jaina dharma meM dAna eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 363 37. mahAvagga, 644 pR. 236 38. araka jAtaka, 2, pR. 169 39. visaccha jAtaka, 3, pR. 292 40. bilArakesiya jAtaka 4, pR. 264-65 41. mahAvessantara jAtaka, 6, pR. 42. aMguttara nikAya, hindI anuvAda bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, bhAga-2, - pR. 277-79 43. saMyukta nikAya, hindI anuvAda- jagadIza kAzyapa, dharmarakSita, bhAga 1, pR. 20 44. bilArakesiya jAtaka, 4, pR. 264, zaMkhapAla jAtaka, 5, pR. 252 45. duhada jAtaka, 2, pR. 262-63

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Sramana, Vol. 61, No. 4 October - December 10 REPRESENTATION OF NATURE IN JAINA ART AND TRADITION (with special reference to Khajuraho) Dr. Shanti Swaroop Sinha Jaina Art and Architecture depicts the close association of Jaina Acaryas and. Tirtharikaras with nature. If we look at the images of twenty-four Tirtharkaras, all the images are found necessarily imbibed with the figure of either any tree or any animal based on the cognizance of that particular Tirtharkara. It shows the concern of the great exponents of Jainism towards nature as well as their close relationship with environment. The author of the article has beautifully described this theme with the help of several examples from Jaina Art and Architecture. Since man appeared, there have been two kinds of things on earth -objects of nature and objects of art. Objects of nature existed even before Men came. Human art is in fact an utterance of man's understanding of Nature. The best gift of god to man is nature. The cosmic phenomena of Nature are represented everywhere in human art as an integrated expression and also in the backdrop. The present paper deals with "Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition with special reference to Khajuraho". Jainism being the religion of deep faith in Ahimsa (nonviolence) and principle of life in the vegetation world had sustained nature as the benevolent protector of humanity. The Jaina texts frequently speak of the prohibitions towards making injury to world of flora and fauna. To impart this massage of essentiality of flora and fauna for the survival of the human life, the Jaina texts * Assistant Professor, Department of Visual Arts, BHU

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56 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 wonderfully visualized their main deities- the 24 Jinas or Tirthankaras in the midst of the nature. Each of the 24 Jinas has been provided with an identifying cognizance (fig. 01), which in case of 15 Jinas are either some animals (including aquatic ones) or some birds. In two examples of Padmaprabha and Naminatha they are red or blue lotus. One very interesting point of respectful association of flora and fauna with the Jinas is that contrary to the deities of Brahmanical and Buddhist (except Buddha) cult they never ride upon their mounts (animals or birds) simply because that act would also amount to violence against them. Those are shown only as identifying emblems on the pedestal. Further every Jina in course of his Tapas (meditation) attains absolute knowledge (Kevala Jnana) invariably under some tree like Asoka, sala, Pipala, Vata, Amra etc. Thus the Jaina tradition has beautifully and intelligently underline perennial importance of flora and fauna by way of showing them in intimate association with all the 24 Jinas, highest in Jaina worship. This association is also shown in tabular form. FLORA & FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH TIRTHANKARAS AS THEIR COGNIZANCES AND KEVALA TREE Sl. No. Cognizance Tirthankara Rsabhanatha 1. Bull Ajitanatha Elephant Sambhavanatha Horse | Kevala Jnana Tree Asoka tree (Jhonesia Ashoka) Saptaparna tree (Alstoma Scholaris) Sala tree (Shorea Robusta) Piyaka or Piyala tree (Sarala) Priyangu tree (Panicum Italicum) Abhinandana Monkey Sumatinatha Goose

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Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition : 57 Padmaprabha Red Lotus Banyan tree Suparsvanatha Svastika Sirisa tree (Acacia Sirisa) Candraprabha Puspadanta Sitalanatha Crescent Crocodile Srivatsa Sreyamsanatha Rhinoceros Vasupujya Buffalo Vimalanatha Boar Naga tree (Punnaga) Malura tree Pippala tree (Ficus Religiosa) Asoka tree (Jhonesia Ashoka) Patala tree (Big nonia Suaveolens) Jambu tree (Eugenia Jambolana) Asvattha tree (Ficus Religiosa) Dadhiparna tree (Clitorea Ternatea) Nandi tree (Cedrela Toona) Tilaka tree Mango tree Anantanatha Falcon Dharmanatha Thunderbolt Santinatha Tortoise Kunthunatha Goat Aranatha Nandyavarta Mallinatha or Water pot Asoka tree (Jhonesia Ashoka) Mallisvami (as female in Svetambara tradition) Munisuvrata Tortoise Champa tree (Michelia hampaka) Naminatha Blue Lotus Bakula tree

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58 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 (Misnusops Elengi) Vetasa tree (Reed Neminatha or Conch Aristanemi or Bamboo) Parsvanatha Snake Dhatiki tree (Grislea Tomentosa) Sala tree (Shorea Robusta) Mahavira Lion The importance of flora and fauna is further extended when we find that all the 24 Yaksas and Yaksis (Sasanadevatas) associated with the Jinas are provided with Vahanas (conveyances) which are mainly some animals, birds or reptiles and flowers (shown animal, bird wise in tabular form). Further the Yaksas likeGomedha, Brahma; Yaksis like- Kalika, Asoka, Chanda, Vinita, Ankusa, Nirvani, Dharini, Vairotya, Padmavati and Mahavidyas like Rohini, Vajraskinkhala, Kalika, Gandhari, Manavi are shown as carrying lotuses in one of their hands. ASSOCIATION OF NATURE WITH SASANADEVATAS & MAHAVIDYAS Animal, Bird and Yaksa Yaksi Mahavidya Aquatics Vahanas Bull Gomukha (face) Isvara, Yaksendra, Varuna, Bhrkuti santa, Sutara Cow Rohini Rohini Elephant Gomukha (mount), Mahayaksa, Mahakali, Santa, Vajrassnkhala, santa, Vajrankusa Siddhayika

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Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition : 59 Matanga, Garuda, Kubera, Horse Kusuma Acyuta, Chanda Prajapati, Acyuta Lion Mahakali, Matanga, Gandharva, Kubera Vairoti, Mahamanasi Manavi, Dharini, Naradatta, Ambika, Siddhayika Buffalo Duritari, Naradatta, Jvalamalini Bhrikuti, Nirvani, Bala, Padmavati Snake Vairoti Timukha, Yaksendra Asoka, Vinita, Naradatta Boar Garuda Jvalamalini Bhrikuti, Asoka, Bala Deer Kusuma Manavi Kalika Monkey Gandhari Tiger Kandarpa Peacock / Duritari, Prajapti cock Trimukha, Kusuma Kumara Bhrikuti, Nirvani, Sanmukha Bala, Padmavati Eagle Tumbara, Cakresvari, Apraticakra

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60 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 Kumara Nirvani Swan Kalika, Manasi, Yaksesvara, Vijaya, Gandharva Mahamanasi Bhrikuti, Ankusa, Gandhari Pigeon Vijaya Fish Kinnara Kandarpa Tortoise Sutara Gandhari Ajita, Dharanendra Crocodile Patala, Kinnara Canda, Gandhari Another point of interest in Jaina context is the Samavasarana, (big congregation hall built by Indra) having three fortification walls, at the top of which sits every Jina after attaining omniscience to deliver first sermon. What is specially important in this context, as mentioned in Jaina texts like- Adipurana of Jinasena (early 9th century), Harivamsa Purana of Jinasena (783 AD), Trisastisalakapurusacaritra of Hemacandra (12th century), is that for listening to the maiden preachings of the Jinas, the animals with inherent enmity also became friendly and came together and sat face to face. Accordingly we find in sculptural examples of Samavasarana from Kumbhariya, Delvada, Ranakpur and other places that such snake-peacock, elephant-tiger, .tiger-deer like animals are shown sitting face to face. Thus tradition of Samavasarana also presents not only world of animals alongwith human world but also show the impact of the preaching's of the non-violence of Jinas on animals. Another dimension of the representation of nature in Jaina tradition and art is Auspicious Dreams (Margalika Svapna), which are 14 according to Svetambara texts and 16 according to Digambara texts. These auspicious dreams (fig. 02) were seen by respective mothers of 24 Jinas before their births. The attached table of auspicious dreams distinctly show that the list has three

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Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition : 61 four-legged powerful animals namely Bull (symbol of Dharma or religion, agriculture, procreation, strength and power), Elephant (symbol of majesty, dignity, strength and prosperity and hold unique distinction in the Indian religion, mythology and art) and Lion (king of animals, suggestive of strength, and royalty). Besides, Puspahara (flower garland) and four main primeval elements of Nature- Sun, Moon, Fire and Water are also mentioned in the list of auspicious dreams. The mention of Nagendra Bhavana reminds of snake worship, which is also associated with seventh Jina Suparsvanatha and 23rd Jina Parsvanatha . The representation of auspicious dreams in the miniature paintings of Kalpasutra and sculptural renderings from Kumbhariya, Ranakpur, Khajuraho (fig. 03) temples mainly on their doorway above lintel are worthy of mention. Now we shall make a brief study of the representation of the nature in Jaina Art of Khajuraho. Khajuraho (Chatarpur, MP) being a very prolific temple site of Chandella period, has yielded more than 25 surviving temples. The discussion concerns only Jaina temples. Presently there are four surviving Jaina temples at Khajuraho namely Parsvanatha temple (actually dedicated to Jina Adinatha, c.950 - 70 A.D.), Ghantai (dedicated to Adinatha) temple, c. 950 A.D. (now broken and only its porch is surviving), Santinatha temple (A.D. 1028) and Adinatha temple (11th century A.D.). Besides a number of other Jaina temples were also built, the fragmentary remains of which are found mainly in the forms of door-way, wall portion and images sometimes reused in modern construction of Jaina temples. The remains are found in the three local museums of Khajuraho also. Parsvanatha Jaina temple of Khajuraho (fig. 04) is the best preserved and indeed one of the finest temples of Khajuraho. The harmonious integration of sculpture and architecture infuse life in inanimate stone and the temple becomes melody in stone. The Parsvanatha Jaina temple was constructed by Pahila who was

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62 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 "honoured by the king Dhanga", the son and successor of Yasovarmana. The inscription in the Parsvanatha temple bear the date, in Vikrama year 1011 (A.D. 954). The mention about donation of seven Vatikas (gardens) in the names of Pahil, Dhanga, Chandra, Laghechandra, Sankara, Pancayatana and Amra in the inscription is significant. Apparently the gardens could be the source of maintenance of big temple like Parsvanatha. The projections and recesses of farade (fig. 06) of outer and inner circumambulation carry three elegant bands of sculptures, which show figures of Jinas, Ambika Yaksi, Bahubali (fig.07), Astadikpalas, Brahmanical deities (Siva, Visnu, Brahma, Kamadeva) and Sura-sundaris (nymphs). Barring the figures of Jinas with cognizances and the Yaksis like Cakresvari and Ambika with Vahanas (mount), the door-jambs (fig. 05) also show the floral decorations. The figures of two main river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna with their Vahanas- Makara (crocodile) and Kurma (tortoise) represent Jala-Devis and thus primeval element of Nature -water. The other temple- Ghantai, dedicated apparently to first Jina Rsabhanatha, survive only with its porch having floral and other decorations. This temple of 10th century alongwith 11th century Adinatha temple are important from the standpoint of the renderings of 16 auspicious dreams which consist of Bull, Elephant, Lion like animal and lotus and elements of nature - Water (ponds - sarovara, ocean), Sun and Moon. Adinatha temple is also important for the beautiful damsel figures shown in close association with nature- tree. The figures of Mahavidyas and Yaksis like Cakresvari, Padmavati, Ambika are shown with the mounts, which are either four-legged animals or some birds. The Jaina temples are identical in architectural schema with the Brahmanical temples of Khajuraho, which invariably show the ghata, flowers, creepers and animals in the intervening space of the figures all along the temples and also on their basement. The

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Representation of Nature in Jaina Art and Tradition : 63 Parsvanatha temple is specially rich so far as the figures of Vyalas (leogryphs) are concerned. Although Vyalas are mythical animal but they look like a powerful lion to suggest the royal power of the rulers. These Vyalas mostly having the face of a lion (grotesque) sometimes have the faces of an elephant or a parrot or a horse and also of human being. Under the feet of the roaring Vyalas figures of warriors are shown, who hold sword and rides a horse. They are in the attitude of fighting the Vyalas. These representations are forceful. Of the 24 Jinas, 13 are represented at Khajuraho, the most important being Rsabhanatha, Parsvanatha and Mahavira. They are invariably shown respectively with bull, snake (as seven hooded snake canopy) and lion. While the Jinas are shown with lanchana, a good number of Brahmanical deities on Khajuraho Jaina temple make an important point of study in respect of harmony revealed * through Jaina temples at Khajuraho. The deity like Kamadeva is shown with Panchasara (five arrows made of flowers) and Iksudhanu (bow of sugarcane). The figures of Yaksis like Cakresvari on the doorways and outer wall or adhisthana of Jaina temples, shown with garuda (eagle) vahana and Ambika with amralumbi (bunch of mangoes) in hands and shade of mango tree above the head alongwith lion mount are also noteworthy. Another popular Yaksi Padmavati, is the snake goddess, holding snakes in hands and having snake canopy. Khajuraho sculptures as pointed out by my teacher Prof. Maruti Nandan Tiwari, reveal that the artists / patrons had special fascination for lotus flower which has been shown in the hands of all the deities irrespective of the fact whether or not lotus was to be shown with them. The variety of the lotus rendering is also tremendous. Another interesting representation is to be seen in the forms of the Apasaras or beautiful damsel figures, which look to be the combination of heavenly and earthly beauty. The tree foliage is

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64 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 invariably associated with them as an umbrella or canopy. Sometimes the appearance of monkey or scorpion somewhere on their legs or thigh has deep suggestion of the pangs of love and exposure of beauty through fear. Apparently the use of the flora and fauna in the figures of damsels also gives meaning in expressing the feminine beauty. Thus the Jaina temples of Khajuraho are the examples whereon the beauty, spirituality and devotion are created by putting the divine and human figures in close association with the nature. References :1. M.N.P.Tiwari- Jaina Pratimavijnana, Varanasi, 1981; Elements of Jaina Iconography, Varanasi, 1983; Kajuraho Ka Jaina Puratatva, Khajuraho, 1987. 2. K.K. Chakravarty, M.N.P. Tiwari & Kamal Giri (eds.)- Khajuraho In Perspective, M.P. 1994. 3. M.N.P. Tiwari & S.S. Sinha- Jaina Kala Tirtha Deogarh, Deogarh, 2002. 4. M.N.P. Tiwari & S.S. Sinha- Jaina art and Aesthetics, New Delhi, 2010. 5. U.P.Shah- Jaina Rupa Mardana, Varanasi List of Illustrations 1. Line-drawing, Cognizances of 24 Jinas, imbibing world of Nature. 2. Line-drawing, Auspicious Dream showing fusion of Flora & Fauna. 3. Auspicious Dreams, Door-Lintel, santinatha temple complex, Khajuraho (Chatarpur, M.P.), 114h century A.D. 4. Parsvanatha Jaina temple, Khajuraho, c. 954 A.D. 5. Door Frame, Porch, Parsvanatha Jaina temple, Khajuraho, c. 954 A.D. 6. Divinities with Flora & Fauna, south wall, Parsvanatha Jaina temple, Khajuraho, c. 954 A.D. 7. Bahubali, inner south wall of Garbhaglha, Parsvanatha Jaina temple, Khajuraho, c. 954 A.D.

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Sramana, Vol. 61, No. 4 October - December 10 JAINA ETHICS AND ITS REFLETIONS ON SOCIETY Prof. (Smt.) Rekha Chaturvedi Being an ascetic religion Jainism has been blamed by some of the scholars that it is not for society. But this is not true. Though it belongs to Nivettimargi tradition and talks of renunciation but it is very much for the society. Being reconciliatory in its attitude, Jania Ethics gives us a bundle of commandments by applying which one can make one's life as well as society healthy and virtuos. It does not talk of renunciation of world but it talks of renunciation of attachment and aversion and supra moral plan of life in the society. The author has recorded here some of the reflections of Jainism on Society. Wealth, health, beautiful persons, good food, clothing and houses are some of the objects, which an average man generally likes to have. On the contrary poverty, ill health, ugly faces, starvation and ill-feeding are the objects which a person tries to escape from. The desired object causes happiness and undesired causes misery. Pleasure and pain are the two sides of a coin. According to Jaina Ethics, our worldly possessions do not make us necessarily and fully happy.' Nor are poor people always unhappy. Happiness mainly depends on our mental attitude. The state of mental poise and calmness which springs forth form selfcontrol and integrity of personality can not be bought for money. There is a happiness, which reveals from within and that is called 'bliss' or 'beatitude'. The aim of worldly happiness is called 'Preyas' and the end of spiritual bliss is called ' Sreyas' respec * Deptt. of Ancient History, D.D.U. University, Gorakhpur

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66: Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 tively. The main concern of Jaina Ethics is 'Sreyas' and not 'Preyas'. It aims at spiritual upliftment of the individual rather than his worldly success. It prescribes a supra-moral plan of life.3 Where one transcends both good and bad. Here Jaina point of view is nearer to Bhagvadgita's transcendental state of mind (Sthitiprajnata). Any extrovert activity, whether vicious or virtuous is a deviation from the path of liberation. Acarya Kundakunda says that vice and virtue are shackles of iron and gold both of which bind us to the physical world4. The ideal of Jaina Ethics is the state of self-absorption with inner awakening. The supra Ethical plane of life can be realised only by persons with higher spiritual attainments who have dived deep into the realm of life. Every body should aspire for this ideal but with consideration to one's limitations. In the initial stage the aspirant is required to be vigilant so that he may not go astray. Pujyapada says that virtuous life is definitely to be preferred to licentiousness. It is better to wait if we have to wait at all in the cool shade rather than in the hot sun3. In the Vedic period, the Rsis seem to be anxious for long life, progeny, wealth and fame. In the Upanisadic age the pressure of the problem of misery was acutely felt. Narada who had mastered all branches of knowledge including Vedas could not find the way to get rid of misery. As referred in Chandogyopanisad he approached Sanat Kumara in all humbleness and told him that though he had heard that a man with self realisation crossed miseries, he himself was not capable of overcoming them 'O' Lord, I am 'in grief' lead me to the shore that lies beyond grief." 6 The credit of dealing with misery goes to Lord Buddha. He systematically expounded an elaborate ethical system for removal

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Jaina Ethics and its Refletions on Society : 67 of sorrow. The universality of misery according to him was birth, old age, decay, sickness, death, sorrow, grief, woe, lamentation and despair and not to get desired. Buddha perceived the existence of misery but he prescribed a way of redemption from it. He suggested four noble truths that:? i) Misery exists (HCG: PORT) ii) It has a casual chain (5:04464 ) iii) It can be stopped (G:Cf218) and iv) There is way to get rid of it. (G:UFRIETAT Frygt) There is a view that there are tangible means of getting rid of misery e.g. diseases can be cured by medicines and therefore one need not worry about ethics. But from another point of view there are objections to it. i) Firstly, it is not sure that a particular misery can be cured by a tangible means without fail. ii) Secondly, a medicine may or may not cure the disease. iii) Thirdly, the relief is only temporary. Therefore, one can not depend on tangible means. The root cause of the miseries has to be found and a check imposed so as to uproot miseries permanently and unfailingly. The necessity of a moral discipline is a must. In the Jaina view Acarya Silanka gives his commentary in the beginning of Acaranga-sutra 'all creatures, over come by attachment, aversion and delusion tormented by various excessively bitter, physical and mental miseries should try to know that is good and what is bad for the removal of misery.! Uttaradhyayana says that all worldly pleasure is suffering in the ultimate analysis. "All singing is but prattle, all dancing is but mocking, all ornaments are but a burden, all pleasure produce but pain.'' Jaina thinkers gave a formula that; Asrava (inflow of karmic matter causing misery) is the cause of birth and rebirth while Samvara

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68 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 (stoppage of that inflow) is the cause of liberation. The soul engulfed in the mud of karmic matter from times immemorial, after getting rid of it, shines forth in its intrinsic purity of infinite knowledge, intuition, bliss and potency. The foundation principle of ethics is 'As you sow, so shall you reap, but Jaina relates it with a Psychological attitude of habit and says, 'we sow a character and reap our fate'. Human efforts and freedom of will have their own part to play in altering, amending, aggravating or affecting our past deeds and determining our future." The virtues lead to happiness and are to be preferred to vices, but the ultimate aim of morality is a state beyond vice and virtue. Such perfection is a far cry for an ordinary man as he has normal duties to discharge. For his help a code of conduct is prescribed and the code is only a path not the end. For perfection a considered balance is required between practical code of conduct and a supra moral plane of life. .: The meritorious action leads to wealth, wealth to pride, pride to infatuation and infatuation to sin; but from practical point of view good actions have to be preferred to bad action for the following reason. i) For a common man happiness is naturally preferable to . misery!2. ii) Good activities result in negation of passions. 13 iii) Good acts promote the interest of society are preferable to bad ones which are cause its disintegration. Jaina acaryas ask their adherents to follow those general customs of the society, which are not contrary to spiritual teachings.14 Jainism is reconciliatory in its attitudes. Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct are the compact exclusive formula

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Jaina Ethics and its Refletions on Society : 69 for liberation. 16 On the other hand, some systems of Indian philosophy like Samkhya and Vedanta hold knowledge (tattvajnana) to be the means of liberation. Mimamsa holds karman (right action) to be superior to any thing. Bhakti-cult holds devotion and faith to be the only way. Jainism shares its attitude with other systems of Indian philosophy. Right faith is an outcome of right attitude. It has a dynamic quality. Jainism does not accept the supremacy of a particular person like other world religions. Jainism approves the direct comprehension of truth as a landmark in the life of an aspirant. Right conduct and Right knowledge is impotent without Right faith. The union of the three brings real bliss to the soul. Jaina right believer is a Niskamakarmayogi of Bhagvadgita. Jainism places ethics above metaphysics. Knowledge acquired through direct spiritual experience leads to liberation. Reflections and influence of Jaina ethics on society The Vedic people were more inclined towards worldly engagements than spiritual attainments in the first phase. They glorified the institutions of war as means of destroying enemies 'vaidiki hissa himsa na bhavati was a slogan and at the time of Mahavira, animals were killed mercilessly in sacrifices but Manusmrti praises avoidance of meat eating under Sramnic influence. Mahabharata declared non-violence as supreme duty'7. Thus, the central principal of Jainism becomes important principle of Hinduism. It is a real truth in the saying that life lives on life.18 Still justice demands that we should not inflict misery on others-to inflict on us. This golden rule is adopted in the Bible also. The five vows, the three-fold path of self-discipline and the

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70 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 five-fold path of vigilance are the constituents of practical conduct. The five vows are: 1. Truth (Satya) 2. Non-violence (Ahimsa) 3. Non-stealing (Asteya) 4. Non-possession (Aparigraha) 5. Celibacy (Brahmacarya) The first four vows were prescribed by Parsvanatha and were called caturyama. Mahavira strictly emphasised it and divided the last into tow and added celibacy as fifth. Buddha prescribed first four and included the vow of abstinence from intoxicants as the fifth vow and called it Pancasila. Chandogyopanisad described the five qualities of a Goodman and they are : 1. Penance (Tapas) 2. Liberality (Dana) 3. Simple dealing (Arjavam) 4. Non-violence (Ahimsa) 5. Truthfulness (Satya-vacana) The Jaina view of non-possession is more comprehensive than abstinence. The first four vows were unanimously accepted by Brahmanism, Buddhism and Jainism. The fifth vow was modified by each religion according to its own requirement and suitability. In the original vow of liberality was replaced by the ascetic vow of non-possession. Originally the life of a householder in the Brahmanism was guided by such social virtues as sacrifice, study and liberality rather than by ascetic virtues. In the influence of Jainism Brahmanical tradition changed when Patanjali replaced liberality by nonpossession.

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Jaina Ethics and its Refletions on Society : 71 The Brahmanical tradition originally did not favour the idea of renouncing the word in the prime of youth. It was only after the duties of worldly life were fulfilled that a person could adopt monk-hood to lead a retired life in the forest. The Sramana tradition influenced the Brahmana tradition in this respect also. The old division of asramas continued, but the new idea of renouncing the world, the very day one attains detachment was also introduced. Jaina ethics is primarily ascetic. The Sravakacara includes Brahmacarya, Vanaprastha, and Samnyasasrama of Hinduism in it. In Jainism the life of a householder is meant to be a short-stay for enduring the hardships of the life of a monk. Some salient features of Jaina view on life 1. Jaina view is neither based on oneness of life as in Vedanta, nor on momentary nature of self as in Buddhism. It is based on equalities of life. All souls are equal. That is why nonviolence in Jainism takes into account not only the human beings or animals or insects but even plant-life or one sensed elemental life. 2. The social life as anticipated by Jaina ethics does not make any distinction on the basis of caste, creed or colour but the Jaina society adopted caste system from Hinduism and observe it as strictly as the latter. If a foreigner comes to India, he can not distinguish between the two religious and two communities. 3. Jaina ethics is based on fundamental doctrine of non absolutism (anekantavada). This has saved Jaina Ethics from being one sided. Jaina Ethics always takes into account all the different views and tries to reconcile them e.g. various factors of time, nature, fate, accident and matter find their proper place in Jaina view of life.

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72 : Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 4. The approach of Jainism towards opponent school of thought is constructive and not destructive. Non absolutist view led to the balanced view between such opposite conceptions as they of practical morality and transcendental morality, between fate and human efforts, between efficacy of substantial cause and instrumental cause. In fact, non-absolutism influenced the Indian society at every step. It gave the concept of social harmony among different view customs and styles of living Jainism never confronted with any other faith and never came in hit list of any. Besides this Jainism followed a principle that it would not oppose any established practice of society in an absolute way!9. This principle gave a long life to Jainism in India while Buddhism disappeared from its birthplace. 5. Jaina ethics never confused the science of spirituality (Moksa-sastra) with science of social righteousness (Dharma-Sastra). It has thus been able to distinguish the essential nature of dharma from its non-essential beliefs, which change from time to time and place to place. The cats of public welfare can be dealt with separately in books of social sciences; but they should not be confused with the essential aim of emancipation. Here Jaina thinkers alike Hindu thinkers spoke of social duties towards city, nation and family. In the first instance Jaina and Buddhist monks wandered for preaching throughout the year but when they found that their wandering destroyed grains in the rainy season they stopped at a place for the four rainy months and studied their scriptures and preached the householders like Brahmana tradition. 7. In the someway Jaina monastic order was open for all without any distinction of caste and creed but later on the

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Jaina Ethics and its Refletions on Society : 73 entrance was based on pure merit. Consequently, Brahmins uphold due to their calibre and thus casteism entered indirectly in the Jaina social order. 8. The Jaina formulated their monastic rules in accordance with state legislature and social norms e.g. a child, an offender, a debtor, a slave and a diseased were restrained form the entrance. In other words the entrance of monastery needed 'no objection' certificate form society and the state. 9. Jaina Ethics is not merely a system but it is a religion to be lived in practice. Jaina householder and monks practise the rules of conduct in their lives. Thus it is a living system of ethics. 10. Equal emphasis on faith, knowledge and conduct saves Jaina Ethics from being either a mere speculation of philosophy or merely religion of rituals. References 1. Kundakundacarya, Samayasara, Delhi, 1959, Gatha-146 2. Kathopanisad 1.1.27 3. Dayanand Bhargava, Jaina Ethics, MLBD, 1938, p.68, compare: G. C. Pande, 'Lectures on Jainism,' University of Delhi, 77, p14 17 4. Samayasara, Gatha-146 5. Istopadesa 6. Chandogyopanisad, See Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, 'The Principal Upanishads'p. 7 7. Arguttara-nikaya, London, 1959, 3.61, 1-13 8. Samkhyakarika-Poona, 1934, verse-1 9. Uttaradhyayana-sutra, SBE. Vol. XLV, 13.16 10. Ibid. 13.16-17 11. Jaina Ethics, p.14 12. Istopadesa-3 13. Bhavasamgraha, 616-17 14. Yasastilaka-campu, Bombay 1901, 8.31

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74: Sramana, Vol 61, No. 4 October-December-10 15. Uttaradhyayana 28.3 16. Pujyapada on Tattvartha-sutra, 9.18 17. Ahimsa-paramo-dharmah Mahabharata 18. Jivo jivasya bhojanam 19. Jadapi suddham tadapi loka-viruddham na karaniyam na caraniyam.

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|| jijJAsA aura samAdhAna 1. jijJAsA- jaina dharma meM dIpAvalI parva kyoM manAte haiM? isa dina kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA nahIM karanA cAhie? ku. arcitA jaina, amerikA samAdhAna - bhAratIya parva saMskRti ke saMvAhaka hote haiN| inake pIche mahApuruSoM ke jIvana aura kAryoM kI ghaTanAoM kA apUrva itihAsa chupA hotA hai| ye kevala mauja-mastI se sambandhita nahIM hote haiM apitu imameM eka janakalyANakArI saMdeza chupA rahatA hai| dIpAvalI (dIpa +AvalI = dIpa-paMkti) eka aisA hI jyoti- parva hai jo bAhya-andhakAra ke sAtha Abhyantara-andhakAra ko bhI dUra kara detA hai| isa parva meM hindU aura jaina sabhI samAna bhAva se sammilita hote haiN| ise AdhyAtmika cetanA kA rASTrIya parva bhI kaha sakate haiN| ise manAne ke pIche kucha aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hameM prAcIna granthoM meM milatA hai| jaise hindU purANoM ke anusAra isa dina maryAdA puruSottama rAma caudaha varSa ke vanavAsa ke bAda 'rAvaNa' nAmaka rAkSasa kA badha karake ayodhyA vApasa Ae the| taba ayodhyAvAsiyoM ne apanI prasannatA vyakta karane tathA maryAdA puruSottama rAma kA svAgata karane ke lie nagara ko sajAkara dIpotsava manAyA thaa| 2. hindU purANoM ke hI anusAra atyAcArI aura vyabhicArI narakAsura nareza ne 16000 rAja-kanyAoM ko kaida kara liyA thA jisase prajAjana bahuta saMtrasta the| zrIkRSNa ne narakAsura kA vadha karake una rAjakanyAoM ko mukta karAyA thaa| phalasvarUpa prajA ne khuzI meM dIpa jalAye the jo kAlAntara meM jyoti-parva bana gyaa| 3. Aja ke dina atyAcArI rAjA bali ko pAtAla jAnA par3A thA aura prajA meM harSa vyApta huA thaa| 4. sikkhoM ke chaThe guru haragovinda siMha jI ko jela se Aja ke dina mukta kiyA gayA thaa| 5. guru nAnaka kA janma bhI isI dina huA thaa| * pro. (DaoN.) sudarzanalAla jaina, nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| mo. 09415388218

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76 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 6. svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kI Aja samAdhi huI thii| 7. jaina- paramparAnusAra kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ko sUryodayakAla (caturdazI somavAra kI rAtri kA aMtima prahara tathA amAvasyA maMgalavAra kA uSAkAla) meM caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA karIba 72 varSa kI Ayu meM I. pUrva 527 (zaka saM. 305 varSa 5 mAha pUrva vi.saM. 470 varSa pUrva) meM parinirvANa huA thaa| harivaMza purANa, tiloyapaNNatti Adi kI paurANika bhASA meM jaba cauthe kAla (suSamA - duSamA) ke samApta hone meM 3 varSa 8.5 mAha zeSa raha gae the taba tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA parinirvANa huA thA arthAt sarvajJatA ke bAda 29 varSa 5 mAha 20 dina bItane ke bAda tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne avaziSTa cAroM aghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake mokSa - lakSmI kA varaNa kiyA thaa| isa pavitra kAla meM cAroM ora eka alaukika prakAza phaila gayA thaa| isI dina sAyaMkAla tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ko kevala jJAna huA thaa| ina donoM AdhyAtmika ghaTanAoM kI khuzI meM jaina dIpAvalI parva manAte haiM tathA unakI smRti meM usa dina se mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat prArambha kiyA gyaa| Aja vIra nirvANa saMvat kA 2537 vA~ varSa cala rahA hai| isI taraha anya kaI ghaTanAe~ dIpAvalI parva ke sAtha jur3I haiN| isa parva ke sAtha tIna anya parva bhI bhAratIya saMskRti meM jur3a gae haiM jinakI jainadharmAnusAra vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai-- (1) dhanaterasa - kArtika kRSNA trayodazI ko bhagavAn ne bAhya lakSmI samavasaraNa kA tyAga karake mana, vacana aura kAya kA nirodha kiyA thaa| usa yoga-nirodha se bhagavAn ko mokSalakSmI prApta huI thii| ataH mokSa - lakSmI kI prApti meM nimittabhUta trayodazI dhanya (dhanaterasa) ho gii| ataH Aja ke dina bAhya-saMgraha kA tyAga karake ratnatraya kA saMgraha karanA caahie| na ki bAjAra se sonA, cA~dI, bartana Adi kharIdanA caahie| (2) rUpacaudasa - kA. kR. caturdazI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 18 hajAra zIloM ko prApta kara ratnatraya kI pUrNatA kI thI tathA pUrNarUpa se apane svarUpa meM lIna ho gae the jisase yaha 'rUpa caudasa kA parva bana gyaa| (3) govarddhana pUjA - kArtika zuklA pratipadA ke dina kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda svAmI gaNadhara gautama ke mukhArabinda se saptabhaGgI anekAnta syAdvAdamayI divyadhvani prathama bAra prakaTa huI thii| ataH yaha dina govarddhana pUjA (go =

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jijJAsA aura samAdhAna saptabhaGgamayI jinavANI kA varddhana ) ke rUpa meM pracalita huaa| jainetara loga gobara se citrAdi banAkara saptapUta mAM kI kathA kA zravaNa karate haiN| : 77 (4) dIpAvalI yA divAlI- dIpAvalI ko divAlI bhI kahate haiM jisakA eka artha yaha bhI kucha loga karate haiM- 'sAMsArika prapaJcoM kA divAlA nikAlanA' (karmoM kA nAza krnaa)| yaha artha bhI bhagavAn ke parinirvANa se jur3A hai kyoMki isa dina unhoMne sabhI karmoM (ghAtiyA - aghAtiyA) se chuTakArA pA liyA thA / citta kI nirmalatA hone para AtmA meM eka nAda hotA hai jisake visphoTa ( paTAkA phUTanA ) se sabhI kaSAyeM cUra-cUra ho jAtI haiN| ataH hama jo rAgadveSa ke jAla se jakar3e hue haiM use haTAnA hai arthAt Atma- ghara kI saphAI karanA hai| bAhya andhakAra ke sAtha Abhyantara andhakAra ko bhI isa dina dUra karanA caahie| yaha isa parva kA lakSya hai| jaise tila-tila jalatA dIpaka prakAza detA hai vaise hI hameM tapa dvArA karmoM ko jalAkara Abhyantara ko prakAzita karanA caahie| karuNA, dayA, prema, iMsAniyata aura vAtsalya ko prajAjana meM ur3elanA caahie| janma-janmAntaroM se IrSyA, ghRNA, lobha, moha aura ahaMkAra kI jo eka moTI se kAlI parata AtmA para car3hI hai use yadi sApha karanA hai to kaSAyoM ko jalAnA hogA kyoMki pavitra hRdaya meM hI mAnavatA kI divya jyoti jagamagAtI hai| garIboM kI garIbI dUra kara unheM prakAza dIpa denA caahie| unheM bharapeTa khAnA khilAnA caahie| Aja digambara jaina samAja meM prAtaH kAla pUjA ke bAda mahAvIra nirvANa kA lADU car3hAyA jAtA hai aura sAyaMkAla rAtri meM bhI pUjA Adi kI jAtI hai| vyApArI varga lekhA-jokhA karake gaNeza aura lakSmI kA pUjana karate haiN| kucha jainI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha tijoriyoM se dhana nikAla kara gaNeza aura lakSmI kI bhI eka sAtha pUjA karate haiM jo ThIka nahIM hai| AtizabAjI, juA Adi kI kucha visaMgatiyA~ bhI Aja ke dina ke sAtha jur3a gaI haiM jo dIpAvalI kI mUla dhAraNA ke pratikUla haiN| tAntrika Aja kI rAtri ko maMtra-siddhi kA anukUla samaya mAnate haiM jo sAMsArika paribhramaNa meM kAraNa vastutaH jaina dRSTi se dIpAvalI parva Atmazuddhi dvArA AtmA ko kevalajJAna kI jyoti se prakAzita karane kA parva hai| hai| 2. jijJAsA- 'namokAra athavA 'NamokAra' maMtra ke sambandha meM jAnakArI ku. sRSTi jaina, bhopAla diijie|

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78 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 saM. 1. 2. 3. 4. samAdhAna namokAra maMtra namo (Namo) arihantANaM namo (Namo) siddhANaM 7 Namo (Namo) AiriyANaM namo (Namo) uvajjhAyANaM 7 15 namo (Namo loe satvasAhUNaM 9 yoga 35 58 akSara 7 mAtrA 11 9 11 12 svara 3 vyaJjana e t 5 7 9 8 34 30 isakA artha hai- sabhI arhantoM ko namaskAra hai| sabhI siddhoM ko namaskAra hai| sabhI AcAryoM ko namaskAra hai| sabhI upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra hai aura loka ke sabhI sacce sAdhuoM ko namaskAra hai| isa maMtra meM 'loe' aura 'savva' 'antyadIpaka' haiM jisakA artha hai inheM sabhI mantra vAkyoM ke sAtha jur3A huA samajhanA caahie| prAkRta bhASA meM racita yaha paMca parameSThI vAcaka maMtrarAja hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa hai namaskAra mNtr| yaha sabhI pApoM ko naSTa karane vAlA aura sabhI maMgaloM meM prathama (zreSTha) maMgala hai| kahA hai NamoyAro eso paMca savva- pAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM hoI maMgalaM / / isa mantra ke kaI rUpa milate hai, jaise (1) arihaMta - moha rUpa karma - zatruoM ko naSTa karane vAlA yA unheM AtmA se alaga karane vAlA / yahA~ hiMsA kA bhAva nahIM hai| (2) arahanta ( arhanta ) - yaha pUjyArthaka 'arha' dhAtu se banA hai| ataH isakA artha hai 'puujy'| (3) 'arUhaMtANaM' isakA artha hai saMsAra rUpI vRkSa ke bIja ko dagdha karane vaalaa| 'aruha' arthAt jo bIja punaH aMkurita na ho / hai| (4) 'namo' ke sthAna para digambara paramparA meM 'Namo' kA prayoga milatA prAkRta ke niyamAnusAra 'na' ko 'Na' hotA hai parantu hemacandrAcArya ne pada ke Adi ke 'naM' ke prayoga ko ucita batalAyA hai| (5) 'AyariyANaM yA AirIyANaM' donoM prayoga milate haiN| prAkRta niyamAnusAra AyariyANaM meM 'ya' zruti huI hai| (6) 'savva' ke sthAna para 'sabba' bhI prayukta hotA hai|

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jijJAsA aura samAdhAna : 79 isa maMtra kA sabhI ko prAtaH, madhyAhna aura sAyaMkAla avazya smaraNa (japa) karanA caahie| yaha namaskAra maMtra ahaMkAra kA visarjana karatA hai| Atmazuddhi karatA hai| isa maMtra ke kaI nAma haiM-paMca namaskAra maMtra, mahAmaMtra, aparAjita maMtra, mUlamaMtra, anAdinidhana maMtra, maMgala maMtra, parameSThI maMtra aadi| isa maMtra meM kisI devatA ko namaskAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu jinhoMne tapa-dhyAna ke dvArA apanI AtmA kA kalyANa kiyA hai tathA jo Atma-kalyANa ke mArga meM sthita haiM tathA bhaviSya meM mukti prApta karane vAle haiM, aise mahApuruSoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isa maMtra ke dvArA kisI prakAra kI yAcanA nahIM kI gaI hai phira bhI apane Apa kAryasiddhi hotI hai, jaise aMjana cora ko AkAza-gAminI vidyA kI prApti, maraNAsanna kutte ko rAjakumAra jIvandhara dvArA yaha maMtra sunAne para sudarzana nAmaka yakSendra devatva kI praapti| nindA karane para subhauma cakravatI ko sAtaveM naraka kI praapti| isa mahAmaMtra kA saMkSipta rUpa 'OM' hai| 'om' (a + a + A + u + m) meM pA~coM parameSThiyoM ke Adi akSara samAhita haiM, jaise- a = arahanta, a = azarIrI, siddha, A = AcArya, u = upAdhyAya aura m = muni (saadhu)| kahA hai arahaMtA asarIrA AyariyA taha uvajjhAyA munninno| paDhamakkhara-NippaNNo oMkAro paMca parameTThI / / isakA dUsarA saMkSipta rUpa hai- a-si-A-u-sA nmH| Apa prazna kara sakate haiM ki siddhoM ko pahale namaskAra karanA cAhie kyoMki unhoMne AThoM karmoM ko nirjIrNa kara diyA hai jabaki arhantoM ne abhI sabhI aghAtiyA karmoM ko nirjIrNa nahIM kiyA hai| isakA uttara hai ki arhanta hI hameM saMsAra-sAgara se pAra utarane kA samavasaraNa meM divya upadeza dete haiN| ataH unheM prathama namaskAra kiyA hai| ve hI hamAre mArga darzaka haiN| siddha azarIrI haiM unase sAkSAt upadeza nahIM milatA hai| vastuta: "siddha' aura 'arhanta' ye paramAtmA kI do avasthAyeM haiM- sazarIrI-avasthA (jIvanmukta yA kevalajJAnI) aura azarIrI-avasthA (videhamukta yA siddh)|

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM pANDulipiyoM ke saMpAdana evaM unakI samIkSA para kAryazAlA 9 navambara se 30 navambara 2010 taka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya kalA kendra, vArANasI tathA rASTrIya pANDulipi mizana, naI dillI ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM kAryazAlA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa kAryazAlA ke udghATana samAroha kI adhyakSatA pro. Ara. sI. paNDA, saMkAya pramukha, saMskRta vidyA dharmavijJAna saMkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ne kii| isake mukhya atithi pUrva kulapati, gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya, pro. bI. ema. zukla the| kAryazAlA kA paricaya DaoN. vI. esa. zuklA ne diyaa| svAgata indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya kalA kendra (IGNCA) ke parAmarzadAtA pro. kamaleza datta tripAThI ne diyA tathA dhanyavAda jJApana vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro. sudarzana lAla jaina ne kiyaa| isake samApana samAroha meM adhyakSatA vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro. sudarzanalAla jaina ne kI tathA isake mukhya atithi the pro. bI.DI. siMha, rekTara, bii.ec.yuu.| pro. ke. DI. tripAThI ne kAryazAlA meM upasthita vidvajjanoM kA svAgata kiyA tathA DaoN. ena. DI. tivArI ne kAryazAlA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyaa| dhanyavAda jJApana DaoN. praNati ghoSAla ne kiyaa| kAryazAlA meM zAradA va nevArI lipiyoM kA punarnirIkSaNa, vidvAnoM ke vyAkhyAna tathA pANDulipiyoM kI prayogAtmakatA para kArya kiyA gyaa| isa kAryazAlA meM sthAnIya tathA bAhara se Aye hue vyAkhyAnakartA the - pro. vI. vI. jaddIpAla, pro. prakAza candra pANDeya, ena. jhA, pro. ratnA vAsu, pro. jI. sI. tripAThI, vI.esa. zuklA, DaoN. zrImatI subhadrA desAI, DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha, pro. basanta kumAra bhaTTa, pro. ke. DI. tripAThI, pro. Ara. zuklA, pro. Ara. sI. paNDA, pro. Ara.sI. pANDeya, pro. vAI. ke. mizrA, pro. esa. ela. jaina aadi| isa kAryakrama meM zrI sI. Ara. garekhAna, adhyakSa indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya kalA kendra (IGNCA) TrasTa tathA pro. dIpti tripAThI nidezaka (NMM, New Delhi) ne apanI gariyAmayI upasthiti se isa kAryazAlA ko gauravAnvita kiyaa| kAryazAlA atyanta upayogI rahI jisameM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. sudarzanalAla jaina ne pUrNa sahabhAgitA dete hue jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, vidyApITha meM saMgRhIta pANDulipiyoM kA vivaraNa tathA unakI mahattA para prakAza ddaalaa|

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 81 vidyApITha parivAra dvArA sAmUhika dIpAvalI-pUjana 4 navambara, rAtri 8 baje dIpAvalI ke pAvana avasara para saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. sudarzanalAla jaina ke vizeSa AhvAna para eka sAmUhika jaina pUjA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM vidyApITha ke samasta karmacArIgaNa, adhikArIgaNa, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM raha rahe samasta chAtra-chAtrAe~, adhyApaka Adi upasthita the| pro. jaina ne jaina vidhi-vidhAna ke anusAra mantroccAra sahita pUjana kiyA tathA saMsthAna kI sthApanA ke 73 varSa pUre hone kI khuzI meM 73 dIpa prajvalita kiye gaye va prasAda vitaraNa kiyA gyaa| jainA ke saMsthApaka DaoN. tanasukha sAlgiyA jI kA apane sahayogI mitroM ke sAtha vidyApITha meM Agamana DaoN. tanasukha sAlgiyA, pUrva adhyakSa va saMsthApaka-jainA (pheDarezana Apha jaina esosiyezana, nArtha amerikA) tathA mAnad sadasya- antarrASTrIya mahAvIra jaina mizana, jaina sosAyaTI greTara klIva laiNDa, mahAvIra vijana, brAhmI jaina sosAyaTI tathA eziyana amerikana sarvisa kaunsila, kA vidyApITha meM Agamana dinAMka 16.11.2010 ko huaa| Apake sAtha ApakI patnI, mitra dhIraja bhAI saMghavI, mumbaI tathA pro. rameza canda caturvedI, lakhanaU bhI the| DaoN. sAlgiyA ne vidyApITha meM cala rahI pariyojanAoM meM vizeSa ruci lI tathA saMgrahAlaya Adi aneka pariyojanAoM para sahayoga karane kA AzvAsana diyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM vaDDamANu stUpa para vyAkhyAna 21 navambara 2010 ko pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM lAlA zrI harajasarAya jaina smRti vyAkhyAna-mAlA ke antargata pro. vijaya kumAra bAba, prAcIna itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga, osmAniyA vizvavidyAlaya, haidarAbAda ne "Andhra ke jaina smAraka, baDDamANu stUpa: eka adhyayana" para vyAkhyAna dete hae ukta viSaya para prakAza DAlA aura kahA ki 'kucha abhilekha va imArateM aisI haiM jinameM se jaina itihAsa ke sandarbho ko sunizcita karane meM paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai| unhIM smArakoM meM se vaDDamANu stUpa eka pramukha smAraka haiM jo tatkAlIna samAja ke Arthika, sAmAjika sthiti para paryApta prakAza DAlatA hai| pro. bAbU ke anusAra vaDDamANu stUpa para aMkita kalA kI tulanA udayagiri, khaNDagiri meM prApta hone vAlI kalA se kI jA sakatI hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se machalI,

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82 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 zrIvatsa, cakra, pUrNaghaTa, kalpavRkSa tathA svastika kA aMkana huA hai| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA pro. mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI ne saMcAlana DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya ne tathA dhanyavAda jJApana nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha pro. sudarzana lAla jaina ne kiyA / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha - AI. esa. je. esa. globala senTara kI gatividhiyA~ - jaisA ki Apako vidita hai ki pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko videzI chAtroM / vidvAnoM ko jaina dharma-darzana evaM saMskRti se paricita karAne evaM jainavidyA para unake vizeSa adhyayana hetu eka pI. vI. AI. esa. je. esa. globala senTara kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| yaha senTara antarrASTrIya jaina adhyayana skUla (AI.esa.je.esa.) ke sahayoga se DaoN. sulekha jaina (yU. esa. e.) ke netRtva evaM DaoN. zuganacanda jaina ke mArgadarzana meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| AI. esa. je. esa. ke bhArata meM tIna mukhya kendra banAe gae haiM- dillI, jayapura evaM vaaraannsii| vArANasI (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha) meM vigata cAra varSoM se videzI chAtra / vidvAn AI.esa.je.esa. ke sahayoga se jaina vidyA para vizeSa adhyayana hetu lagAtAra A rahe haiN| inake paThana-pAThana, bhojana AvAsa kI samucita vyavasthA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI. esa. je. esa. ke sahayoga se karatA hai| videzI chAtroM ko jaina vidyA adhyayana ke lie kaise protsAhita kiyA jAye, kaise unakI isa kSetra meM abhiruci bar3hAI jAye isa viSaya para vicAravimarza karane ke lie AI. esa. je. esa. ne usase jur3e sadasyoM kI eka baiThaka choTI dAdAvAr3I, dillI meM dinAMka 16 - 17 disambara 2010 ko bulAI thii| baiThaka meM lagAtAra do dinoM taka samara skUla ke aneka binduoM para carcA huI, jinameM aneka bahumUlya sujhAvoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA gyaa| yaha atyanta harSa kA viSaya hai ki antarrASTrIya jaina adhyayana skUla (AI.esa.je.esa.) aba pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke akAdamika vikAsa meM apanI hara sambhava sahAyatA degA tathA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko jaina vidyA ke eka vizeSa kendra ke rUpa meM vikasita kregaa| AI. esa. je. esa. ke nidezaka DaoN. zuganacanda jaina jo pArzvanAtha vidyApITha prabandha samiti ke adhyakSa bhI haiM, saMsthA ke caturdik vikAsa ke lie kaTibaddha haiN| vidyApITha meM aba zIghra hI ema. e. jaina vidyAdhyayana aura yoga para nUtana pAThyakrama calAe jAyeMge tathA dUrastha zikSA ke mAdhyama

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 83 se bhI saMsthA ke akAdamika kaileNDara meM nUtana jIvana kA saMcAra kiyA jaaegaa| granthAlaya (pANDulipi-granthoM tathA mudrita granthoM kA bhaNDAra) tathA myUjiyama ko nayA rUpa dekara vistAra kiyA jaayegaa| 'tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha' para saMgoSThI sampanna dinAMka 28.12.2010 ko pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM 'tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha' para unakI janma jayantI (31.12.2010) ke upalakSya meM eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| saMgoSThI ke mukhya atithi the-prophesara imarITsa pro. revAprasAda dvivedI, sArasvata atithi the saMskRta vidyA dharma vijJAna saMkAya ke DIna pro. Ara. sI. paNDA tathA adhyakSa the svatantra ciMtaka zrI zarada kumAra 'saadhk'| anya pramukha vaktA the pro. phUlacandra jaina premI, pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, DaoN. munnI puSpA jaina, DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha, sAdhvI zrI siddhantarasA jI, sAdhvI maitrIkalA jI aadi| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana tathA atithiyoM kA svAgata pro. sudarzana lAla jaina, nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne kiyaa| dhanyavAda jJApana DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya, sahanidezaka ne kiyaa| sabhI vaktAoM ne pArzvanAtha ke bahuAyAmI vyaktitva para prakAza DAlate hue unakI zikSAoM kI Aja ke saMdarbha meM upayogitA btlaaii| zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' jI ke pArthiva zarIra kA anukaraNIya dAna 'tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha' para Ayojita saMgoSThI kI adhyakSatA kara rahe svatantra ciMtaka zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' kA saMgoSThI-samApti ke turanta bAda acAnaka hRdayagati ruka jAne se svargavAsa ho gyaa| athaka prayAsa ke bAda bhI unheM bacAyA nahIM jA skaa| Apake Adarza the mahAtmA gAMdhI aura vinobaajii| samAjasevA ApakA lakSya thaa| ve jaisA kahate the vaisA hI AcaraNa meM svayaM lAte the| 79 varSIya sAdhakajI ne isIliye apanI vasIyata meM pahale se likha diyA thA ki merI mRtyu ke bAda mere zarIra ke kaNa-kaNa kA upayoga samAjasevA meM lage aura use aspatAla meM dAna de diyA jaaye| tadanusAra hI unake parivAravAloM ne unake pArthiva zarIra ko sthAnIya sarasundaralAla aspatAla kA.hi.vi.vi. ko dAna meM de diyaa| ApakA janma cArabhujA (mevADa) meM dinAMka 2-8-1931 ko huA thaa|

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84 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 kaI grantha ApakI lekhanI se prasata hae, kaI granthoM aura patra-patrikAoM kA sampAdana kiyaa| vidyAratna Adi kaI sammAnoM se Apa sammAnita kiye gye| ApakI dharmapatnI prabhA devI ne unake kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara pUrNa sahayoga kiyaa| paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa tathA go sevA ke liye nirantara prayatna karate rhe| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se ApakA kAphI lagAva thA? ese manISI adhyAtmapremI aura samAjasevI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' ke Akasmika mahAprayANa se pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra marmAhata hai tathA unake parivAra ko yaha duHkha sahana karane kI kSamatA prApta ho aisI kAmanA karatA hai| zramaNa ke naye sadasya 1. zrI anila mehatA - 500/2. zrI satIza kumAra jaina 1000/3. zrI atula jaina 2000/4. zrI ativIra jaina 2000/ vidyApITha ko prApta sahAyatA rAzi1. zrI tanasukha sAlgiyA 7500/2. zrI sunIla jaina 2770/3. zrI ativIra jaina (pro. vimala dAsa koMdiyA evaM vidyA devI jaina kI 3500/ smRti meM

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| jaina jagat / saMkSipta samAcAra 1. mumbaI meM 20-21 navambara 2010 ko AcArya zrI sunIla sAgara jI ke sAnidhya meM prAkRta paricarcA sampanna huii| jisameM "ajjhappasAro" grantha kA vimocana AcArya zrI sunIla sAgara jI ma.sA. dvArA huA tathA zruta sevA yaMga avArDa puraskAra ke antargata zrI sAgara zAha zAstrI, mumbaI ko puraskRta kiyA gyaa| 2. vaizAlI 20 navambara 2010 ko prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna meM DaoN. gulAbacanda caudharI vyAkhyAnamAlA kA Ayojana DaoN. ravIndra kumAra siMha, adhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, bihAra vizvavidyAlaya kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huaa| taduparAnta varSa 2008 meM prAkRta va jaina zAstra meM prathama zreNI meM prathama sthAna prApta karane vAle chAtra zrI ratnAkara zukla ko pro. bhAgacanda jaina svarNa padaka pradAna kiyA gyaa| DaoN. zreyAMsa kumAra siMghaI, jayapura ne "pavayaNapAhuDa meM zramaNa' viSaya para vyAkhyAna diyaa| nidezaka prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna DaoN. RSabha jaina ne saMcAlana kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro. sudarzanalAla jaina asvasthatA ke kAraNa vahA~ vyAkhyAna dene nahIM pahu~ca ske| 3. indaura, 2 disambara 2010 ko pro. prema sumana jaina ko jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM unake dvArA diye gaye mahattvapUrNa yogadAna ke liye varSa 2009 kA kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra diyA gayA tathA prazasti-patra ke sAtha 25 hajAra rupaye kI sammAna rAzi pradAna kI gyii|

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| sAbhAra prApti (ka) zrI devendrasari viracita tathA zrI sarvodaya sAgara jI dvArA padyAnuvAdita tathA zrI caritraratna phA.ce. TrasTa dvArA prakAzita grantha1. karmavipAka (karmagrantha) 2. karmastava (karmagrantha), 3. banyasvAmitva (karmagrantha), 4. SaDazIti (karmagrantha) 5. zataka (karma grantha) 6. saptatikA (karmagrantha), 7. caitya vaMdana bhASya, 8. guru vaMdana bhASya tathA 9. paccakkhANa bhaassy| (kha) zrI zAMtisUri viracita/zrI acala gaccheza, zrI gautama sAgara sUrIzvara jI dvArA gujarAtI padyAnuvAdita tathA zrI caritraratna phA.ce. TrasTa dvArA prakAzita grantha1. jIva vicAra prakaraNa, 2. daNDaka prakaraNa, 3. navatattvaprakaraNa tathA 4. laghu sNgrhnnii| (ga) kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI ke prakAzana 1. vande-tadguNalabdhaye, satIza jaina, 2. sUtaka-pAtaka na mAnane vAlA mithyAdRSTi, zvetapicchAcArya, vidyAnanda muni, 3. picchi-kamaNDalu, vidyAnanda muni, 4. jaina : zAsana dhvaja, 5. vana kA pati vanaspati-muni vidyAnanda tathA 6. padmAvatI, muni vidyaannd| anya sthAnoM se prApta grantha1. dIpAvalI pUjanama, paM. hemanta jI kAlA evaM paM. bharata kAlA, 2. jinazAsana kA vibhUtiyA~, zrI jJAnamuni jI mahArAja, zrI varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha, mallizvaram, baMgalora, 3. yogadRSTi sammuccaya :saTIkaH lekhaka haribhadrasUri, saMpAdaka- vijayazIla candrasUri, prakAzakazrI jaina grantha prakAzana samiti, 4. jaina paMcAMga, saMyojaka- pa.pU. manirAja, prakAzaka mevAr3a kezarI phAuNDezana, zAhIbAga ahamadAbAda, 5. jaina dharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta, khaNDa-1, lekhaka-saMpAdakaDaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, zrI mahAvIra jI, rAjasthAna, 6. jJAnadhArA, saMpAdaka- navanIta kumAra jaina, DaoN. sudhAkara nAtha mizrA, zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, 7. jaina dharma kA itihAsa, bhAga1,2,3, kailAza candra jaina, prakAzaka- DI. ke. priMTavarlDa (prA.) li.

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sAhitya satkAra : 87 naI dillI, 2010 meraTha 8. Sumati-Jnana, Editor Dr. Shiv Kant Dwivedi, Dr. Navneet Kumar Jain, Publisher-Acharya Shanti Sagar Chhani Smriti Granthmala, Budhana, Muzaffar Nagar, 9. Surya Prabha (Studies in Jainology) Chief Editor-Prof. Hampa Nagarajaia, Editor Prof. Arvind Kumar Singh, Dr. Navneet Kumar Jain, Pub. Acharya Shanti Sagar Chhani Smriti Granthamala, Budhana (U.P.), 10. History of Jainism, K.C. Jain, Vol-1,2,3 Publisher-D.K. Printworld (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, 2010. (Ga) sudarzanalAla jaina, nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA bheMTa zodha-prabandha 1. subanyu kI vAsavadattA : eka samIkSAtmaka parizIlana- vizvaraMjana siMha, 2. vijJAnabhikSu praNIta yogasAra saMgraha kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaazoka kumAra, 3. saMskRta sAhitya meM kAvya-lakSaNa aura kAvya-prayojanaAzArAnI varmA, 4. zrI neharU caritam kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaudayanArAyaNa pANDeya, 5. bhAratIya darzana meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA- rAkeza datta mizra, 6. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- arcanA siMha, 7. mAlavikAgnimitra aura usakI TIkA kA adhyayana- lakSmI devI guptA, 8. sarvArthasiddhi eka adhyayana- savitA asthAnA, 9. pramukha purANoM meM zrI nArada- saMtoSa pANDeya, 10. vedAnta kezarI : eka parizIlanasumana raTATe, 11. mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta meghadUta aura merutuMgakRta jaina meghadUta- ravizaMkara mizra. 12.zrIlaMkA ke sAMskRtika anuSThAnoM para vedavedAMgoM kA prabhAva- zrI visuddhi thero, 13. pramukha saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhaktirAginI zrIvAstava, 14. vedAnta meM samAjavAda ke srota- mamatA rAya, 15. AcArya viTThala nAtha viracita gArarasamaNDalam- zuci agravAla, 16. paJcAdhyAyI : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- manoramA jaina, 17. jaina sAhitya meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA- dharamacanda jaina, 18. vastupAla kI kRtiyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- viveka pANDeya, 19. nAstika darzana meM kAryakAraNa siddhAnta : eka mUlyAMkana- zrImatI suSamA siMha, 20. RgvedIya aura atharvavedIya samAja kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana- nAmavara siMha, 21. taittirIyopaniSad kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana-zrImatI tArA devI, 22. paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke kAvya granthoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- manulatA zarmA, 23. saMskRta sAhitya meM yathArtha- kamaleza kumAra, 24. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke gaNadharavAda evaM nihnavavAda kI dArzanika samasyAyeM evaM

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88 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10 samAdhAna - sAdhvI vicakSaNazrI, 25. saMbodhi kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlanasamaNI sthita prajJA, 26. udayanakathAzrita saMskRta rUpakoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- uSA devI, 27. uparUpakoM kA udbhava evaM vikAsa- indrA cakravAla, 28. bhAratIya darzana meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - kalpanA pANDeya, 29. bhAratIya darzana meM guNa vicAra- sudhAMsu kumAra SaDaMgI, 30. dhanaJjaya kI dRSTi meM rasa : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- renU rAnI, 31. vedAnta aura jaina darzana meM tattvamImAMsA - pIyUSarAnI agravAla, 32. AraNyakoM evaM upaniSadoM meM vanaspatiyoM evaM auSadhiyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayanakumuda zrIvAstava, 33. bhAratIya darzanoM meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA - paramAnanda pANDeya, 34. jaina campU kAvyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- maNinAtha mizra, 35. zukla yajurveda meM prApta Ayurvedika tattvoM kA vivecana - zazi zrIvAstava, 36. jayadeva aura unakA prasannarAghava- paramezvara datta zukla, 37. bhAratIya darzanoM meM karma siddhAnta - surendra kumAra pANDeya, 38. vidhimArgaprapA ke pariprekSya meM jaina vidhividhAna- sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrIjI, 39. pramukha upaniSadoM kI vivecana paddhatiyA~- rAjIva agravAla, 40. jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA- sAdhvI priyalatA zrI, 41. jayodaya mahAkAvya kI samAlocanAtmaka gaveSaNA- zrImatI reNU jaina, 42. bhAsakAlIna sAmAjika anuzIlana- zyAmasundara dube, 43. rUpagosvAmI praNIta padyAvalI kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- zrImatI AbhA, 44. zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM yoga tattva - zrImatI savitA, 45. mahAmahopAdhyAya vAsudeva zAstrI praNIta advaitAmoda kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- sImA jaina, 46. saMkSepa zArIraka sArasaMgraha - sImA jaina, 47. naiSadhIyacarita mahAkAvya kI zleSa vicchittiyoM kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana - kavitA zarmA, 48. bhAratIya darzana meM sApekSavAda - RcA caturvedI, 49. jAnakIharaNamahAkAvye maharSivAlmIkeH prabhAva- rAghavakumAra jhA, 50. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke araNyakANDa kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- ajaya kumAra pAThaka, 51. pUrva - mImAMsA evaM nyAya darzana meM pramANa- premacanda zrIvAstava, 52. rUpagosvAmI viracita lalitamAdhava - vidagdhamAdhava kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana- gItA zrIvAstava, 53. nATyazAstra ke AMgika abhinaya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - nIlama zrIvAstava, 54. prasthAnatrayI zAMkara bhASya meM karma kA svarUpa - aMjulatA dube, 55. vaizeSika evaM jaina tattvamImAMsA meM dravya kA svarUpa- paMkaja mizra, 56. jaina AgamoM ke AcAra darzana evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa kA mUlyAMkana - muni bhuvaneza vidyArthI, 57. svAmI saccidAnanda

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sAhitya satkAra : 89 sarasvatI kRta sUtrabhASyArtha tattvavivecanI- durgeza, 58. dazakumAracarita kA sAhityika anuzIlana- saroja gosvAmI, 59. deva kRta NemiNAhacariu kA sampAdana evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana-zrImatI saroja jaina, 60. prANI saMrakSaNa evaM paryAvaraNa- zrImatI nIlama capalota, 61. saMskRta rUpakoM meM nAyaka vidhAna- ziva kumAra mizra, 62. kavi kRSNabhaTTa kRta IzvaravilAsa mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- nizA nAgara, 63. sAMkhya darzana kA aitihAsika vikAsa aura usakA nAstika darzanoM para prabhAva- vimalA kumArI, 64. vaidika sAhitya meM zramaNa paramparA ke tattva- gItA devI, 65. Data base for students record, saMjaya kumAra jaina aura amita kumAra upAdhyAya 66. prasthAnatrayI zAMkarabhASya meM manas kA vivecana- arcanA kumaarii|

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aMka I.san 1-3 1998 pRSTha 1-8 1-3 1998 9-13 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) (I. san 1998 se 2010 taka) saMkalanakI : DaoN. zAradA siMha, zodhAdhikArI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Agama aura sAhitya 49 jaina sandarbha meM acetana dravya vyavasthA DaoN. vinoda kumAra tivArI darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA 49 - jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa DaoN. vijaya kumAra jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 49 jaina darzana aura kabIra : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. sAdhvI maMjuzrI tulanAtmaka 49 jaina aura bauddha dhyAna-paddhati : eka anuzIlana DaoN. sudhA jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 49 svayaM kI anekAntamayI dRSTi se tanAvamukti DaoN. pArasamala agravAla darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna-mImAMsA kharataragaccha-pippalaka zAkhA kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda itihAsa, purAtattva evaM 49 kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha Agama aura sAhitya 49 munirAja vandanA battIsI DaoN.(zrImatI) munnI jaina Agama aura sAhitya 49 1-3 1-3 1998 1998 14-27 28-43 1-3 1998 44-53 1-3 1998 54-64 kalA 1-3 1-3 1-3 1998 1998 1998 6781 83-90 91-100

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lekha bIsavIM sadI ke jaina Andolana jaina-vidyA ke vikAsa hetu racanAtmaka kAryakrama sAhu saraNaM pavajjAmi kAMgar3A ke aitihAsika kile lekhaka DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina dulIcandra jaina pAnamala surANA zrI mahendra kumAra 'masta' I.san 1999 1999 1999 pRSTha 60-70 71-78 79-82 1999 83-84 elorA kI jaina sampadA Ananda prakAza zrIvAstava viSaya varSa aMka itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA50 1-3 vividha 50. 1-3 Agama aura sAhitya 50 1-3 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 50 1-3 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 50. 1-3 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 50 1-3 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 50 1-3 Agama evaM sAhitya 50 1-3 Agama evaM sAhitya 50 4-6 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 50 4-6 92 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 1999 85-87 tapAgaccha-vijayasaMvigna zAkhA kA itihAsa zivaprasAda 1999 88-106 nAgapurIyatapAgaccha kA itihAsa / zivaprasAda The Image of Indian Ethology Rajmal Jain AcArAMga ke kucha mahattvapUrNa sUtra : eka vizleSaNa DaoN. surendra varmA prekSAdhyAna evaM bhAvAtIta dhyAna : eka cintana DaoN. sudhA jaina 1999 107-121 1999 122-136 1999 1-10 1999 11-16 AcArya rAjakumAra jaina Agama evaM sAhitya 50 4-6 1999 yazastilaka campU meM AyurvedIya svasthavRtta sambandhI viSaya prAkRta vaidyaka (prAkRta bhASA kI AyurvedIya ajJAta jaina racanA) 17-26 kundana lAla jaina Agama evaM sAhitya 50 4-6 1999 27-51

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lekha lekhaka AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta 'upadezapada eka adhyayana' DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' zrI jinendra varNIjI dvArA praNIta 'padArtha vijJAna' aura DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina usakI vivecana zailI DaoN. vijaya kumAra jaina DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva zarkI - kAlIna hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM banArasI DaoN. rAjadeva dube dAsa kA avadAna prAcIna bhArata ke pramukha tIrthasthala : bauddha aura rAjeza kumAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM sAhitya jaina dharma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM ( zodhaprabandha-sAra) jaina darzana meM sRSTi kI avadhAraNA atula kumAra prasAda siMha darzana tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA DaoN. zivaprasAda itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA samAja evaM saMskRti guru kA svarUpa : gurutattvavinizciya ke vizeSa sandarbha mahAvIra ke siddhAnta : vartamAna pariprekSya vidhipakSa aparanAma aMcalagaccha (acalagaccha) kA saMkSipta itihAsa Adhunika sandarbhoM meM tIrthaMkara - upadezoM kI 'prAsaMgikatA Vasanta in Prakrit Literature viSaya Agama evaM sAhitya darzana - tattva mImAMsA va anila kumAra jJAna-mImAMsA darzana - tattva mImAMsA va jJAna mImAMsA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra Agama evaM sAhitya Dr. Veneemadhavashastri Agama evaM sAhitya Joshi varSa 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 I.san pRSTha 4-6 1999 52-66 aMka a~ 4-6 1999 67-72 4-6 1999 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 1999 1999 1999 73-85 1999 1999 86-90 91-95 96-101 1999 102 - 111 112 - 153 154 - 158 1999 159 - 177 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 93

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lekha paryuSaNa : sahI dRSTi dene vAlA mahAparva varSa aMka I.san pRSTha tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva va unakI sAMskRtika paramparA mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA krodha kA abhAva hI kSamA hai 50 50 50 7-9 7-9 7-9 1999 1999 1999 1-9 10-26 27-63 50 7-9 1999 64-70 94 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 jIvana kI saralatA hI mRdutA hai 50 7-9 1999 71-76 lekhaka viSaya pro. bhAgacandra jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' samAja evaM saMskRti pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' samAja evaM saMskRti pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra - jIvana kI niSkapaTatA hI RjutA hai 50 7-9 1999 77-81 jIvana kI nirmalatA hI zucitA hai 50 7-9 1999 82-87 satya : sAdhanA kI ora bar3hatA padacApa 50 7-9 1999 88-93 mana para nakela lagAnA hI saMyama hai 50 7-9 1999 94-99 svastha honA hI uttama tapa hai 50 7-9 1999 100-111

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varSa aMka I.san pRSTha lekha rAga-dveSa bhAva kA visarjana hI tyAga hai 50 7-9 1999 112-117 nirmamatva kI ora bar3hanA hI AkiMcanya hai 50 7-9 1999 118-122 AtmA meM ramaNa karanA hI brahmacarya hai bhASAnA vikAsamA prAkRta-pAlibhASAno phAlo jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamA pradAna Jaina Festivals Fear of Food? Jaina attitudes on Eating jaina alaGkAra sAhitya vAgbhaTTAlaGkAra bhaTTAkalaGkadeva racita 'tattvArthavArtika AcArya ajitasena aura unakI amarakRti 'alaGkAracintAmaNiH' candraprabhacarita evaM mahAkavi vIranandI mahAkavi arhaddAsa aura unakI racanAe~ kAvya-kalpalatA aura kavi-kalpalatA lekhaka viSaya pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra paM. becaradAsa dozI Agama aura sAhitya pro. harivallabha cu. bhAyANI Agama aura sAhitya Padmanabh S. Jaini samAja evaM saMskRti Padmanabh S. Jaini paM. amRtalAla zAstrI Agama evaM sAhitya paM. amRtacandra zAstrI Agama evaM sAhitya paM. amRtacandra zAstrI Agama evaM sAhitya paM. amRta zAstrI Agama evaM sAhitya 50 50 50 _ 50 50 50 50 50 50 7-9 1999 123-129 7-9 1999 130-140 7-9 1999 141-150 7-9 1999 151-159 7-9 1999 160-174 10-12 1999 1-11 10-12 1999 12-17 10-12 1999 18-24 10-12 1999 25-31 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 95 paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. zrI amRtalAla zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya 50 50 50 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 32-71 72-75 76-77

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lekha lekhaka bhaktAmara stotra: eka vivecana paM. amRtacandra zAstrI tattvasaMsiddhi aura usakI vacanikAH eka vivecana paM. amRtacandra zAstrI neminirvANa: eka adhyayana paM. amRtacandra zAstrI apratihata zakti bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena kAzI ke katipaya aitihAsika tathya atizaya kSetra papaurA bhojana aura usakA samaya upakArI pazuoM kI yaha durdazA mahAn pUjya zrI tulasI gaNI zrI muditamuni : abhinandanapatram abhinandana patram : sAdhvIpramukhA zrIkanakaprabhA paM. amRtacandra zAstrI jI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM zrI paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha maMdira viSenA keTalAka aitihAsika ullekho paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRcatandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI paM. amRtacandra zAstrI pro. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA viSaya Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA vividha samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti vividha itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA varSa 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 aMka I.san 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 pRSTha 78-87 88-97 98- 105 106 - 112 113 - 115 10-12 1999 116-118 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 10-12 1999 129-130 10-12 1999 130-131 10-12 1999 131-132 10-12 1999 133 -140 119 - 121 122-124 125-128 129-130 10-12 1999 141 - 148 96 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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varSa aMka I.san pRSTha lekha gujarAtanuM prathama itihAsakAvya lekhaka pro. jayanta ThAkara viSaya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 50 10-12 1999 149-57 Dr. Mukul Raj Mehta Bandha-Karma-Moksa and Divinity in Jainism jaina darzana meM nikSepa : eka vivecana 50 10-12 1999 158-169 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 51 1-6 2000 1-7 jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattvamImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattvamImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA Agama aura sAhitya jaina jJAna-mImAMsA-eka avalokana DaoN. vijaya kumAra 51 51 1-6 1-6 2000 2000 8-29 30-32 DaoN. ke Ara. candra zUbiMga mahodaya dvArA saMpAdita AcArAMga aura isibhAsiyAiM kI bhASA kI tulanA samyaktvapaccIsI mahAbhArata aura Adi-purANa meM zivatattva kharataragaccha-laghuzAkhA kA itihAsa 51 51 1-6 1-6 2000 2000 34-45 46-50 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 97 51 1-6 2000 51-62 DaoN. munnI jaina Agama aura sAhitya DaoN. puSpalatA jaina Agama aura sAhitya DaoN. zivaprasAda itihAsa, purAtattva aura kalA DaoN. oma prakAza zrIvAstava itihAsa, purAtattva aura kalA DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva Agama aura sAhitya DaoN. madhu agravAla dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra mahAvIra nirvANa bhUmi pAvA 51 51 1-6 1-6 2000 2000 63-65 66-75 AdipurANa meM vizva saundarya 'abhijJAnazAkuntalam' meM ahiMsA ke tattva 51 1-6 2000 76-79

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lekha aMka I.san pRSTha mahAvIra kA sAdhanA-mArga 1-6 2000 80-86 taMtra-maMtra evaM sAdhanA vidhi lekhaka viSaya varSa zrI dulIcanda jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 51 zrI mahendra kumAra jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 51 zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 51 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti, evaM AcAra zrI oma prakAza siMha Agama aura sAhitya 51 vividha 51 pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' samAja evaM saMskRti 51 1-6 1-6 2000 2000 87-93 94-98 bhAraMDa pakSI ahiMsA kI paridhi meM paryAvaraNa santulana 98 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 amarakoza meM zivatattva sva. zrI zAntibhAI banamAlI seTha : eka paricaya Adarza parivAra kI saMkalpanA : jaina dharmazAstroM ke pariprekSya meM haribhadrasUrinUM jJAnatattvacintana 1-6 1-6 1-6 2000 99-105 2000 106-108 2000 109-110 2000 111-113 Agama evaM sAhitya 51 1-6 2000 114-123 Technical Science in Jaina Canons Divine Essence of Arhat and Tirthankara Anekasandhanakavya Jaina Version of Mahabharat Presidential Address of Professor Y.C. Simhadri pro. rasikalAla choTAlAla pArikha Dr. N.L. Jain Dr. M.R. Mehta Dr. Ashok K. Singh Prof. B.C. Jain samAja evaM saMskRti Agama aura sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti 51 51 51 51 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 2000 124-129 2000 130-136 2000 137-150 2000 151-165 51 1-6 2000 166-170

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aMka 7-9 7-9 I.san 2000 2000 pRSTha 1-20 21-23 7-9 7-9 7-9 2000 2000 2000 24-32 33-40 41-42 | zrI rAjayaza 7-9 : 2000 43-47 lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa yazogAthA AcArya rAjayaza vijaya jI samAja evaM saMskRti 51 zramaNa saMskRti ke gAyaka labdhisUri zrI rAvalamala jaina 'maNi' samAja evaM saMskRti 51 sAdhanA, jJAnArjana evaM laukika sevA se pUrNa jIvana DaoN. ke. sI. jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 51 labdhisUri kI racanA meM bhaktisaurabha zrI rAvalamala jaina 'maNi' Agama evaM sAhitya ___51 samAja ko sAmpradAyikatA se bacAnA hogA AcAra samAja evaM saMskRti 51 vijaya jI AcAryazrI vijayalabdhisUrijI mahArAja : DaoN. gaMgAcaraNa tripAThI samAja evaM saMskRti 51 eka avismaraNIya vyaktittva labdhibhaktAmarastotram sAdhvI haMsazrI Agama evaM sAhitya 51 paMcamakAlAmRtam paMnyAsa pravara zrImukti Agama evaM sAhitya 51 vijaya gaNi gurudeva mahAn AcAryazrI jayaMtasUri jI samAja evaM saMskRti ma.sA. ___51 prabhutA se prabhutA dUraH laghutA se prabhutA hajUra munizrI kalahaMsa vijaya jI samAja evaM saMskRti 51 mahAn vibhUti ke sAtha bIte kSaNa (saMsmaraNa) itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 51 samyak pramANa (kavitA) paMnyAsa vAriseNa vijaya Agama aura sAhitya 51 mahAtmA labdhisUri deva (kavitA) zrI sureza 'sarala' Agama evaM sAhitya 51 pUjyazrI ke pravacana . zrI mUlacanda botharA 'kovida' samAja evaM saMskRti 51 7-9 7-9 2000 2000 48-54 55-56 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 99 7-9 7-9 7-9 7-9 7-9 7-9 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 57 58-59 60-68 69 70 / 71-73

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pRSTha lekha lekhaka labdhivANI zrI cenarAja lUNiyA caubIsa tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke caubIsa stavana zrI labdhisUri AcArya labdhisUrikRta katipaya granthoM kI nAmAvalI bhadrabAhu sambandhI kathAnakoM kA samIkSAtmaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina adhyayana 'kaumudImitrAnanda' meM pratipAdita AcArya rAmacandrasUri DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI jaina jIvana-dRSTi aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mahAmantra kI vikAsa-yAtrA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jIvasamAsa : eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina viSaya samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti Agama evaM sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya varSa 51 51 51 51 aMka I.san 7-9 2000 7-9 2000 7-9 2000 10-12 2000 120 1-23 samAja evaM saMskRti 11 10-12 2000 24-29 100 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 10-12 2000 30-36 jaina vidyA ke adhyayana kI takanIka kaSAyamukti : kilamuktireva 10-12 2000 10-12 2000 37-66 67-75 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina itihAsa evaM purAtatva kalA 51 darzana-tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA 51 Agama evaM sAhitya 51 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 51 Agama aura sAhitya 51 Agama evaM sAhitya 51 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 10-12 2000 76-93 10-12 2000 94-101 10-12 2000 102-107 svAdhyAya kI maNiyA~ AcArya haribhadrakRta zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa : eka paricaya aprabhaMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU : vyaktittva evaM kRtittva jaina paramparA meM kAzI DaoN. sAgaramala jaina samAja evaM saMskRti 51 10-12 2000 108-116 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 51 10-12 2000 117-126

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lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Dr. Sagarmal Jain viSaya samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti varSa 51 51 aMka I.san pRSTha 10-12 2000 127-145 10-12 2000 146-158 lekha puNya kI upAdeyatA kA prazna Introduction to Dr. Charlotte Krause : Her life and literature Foreword : Aparigraha : The Humane Solution Spiritual Foundation of Jainism Dr. Sagarmal Jain 51 10-12 2000 159-162 Dr. Sagarmal Jain 51 10-12 2000 163-175 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya anekAntavAda : mUlyaparaka zikSA ke yantra ke rUpa meM jaina tattva cintana kI vaijJAnikatA 52 1-3 2001 1-10 / DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra darzana-tattva-mImAMsA evaM mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA Agama aura sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA vividha 52 52 52 52 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 2001 2001 2001 2001 11-16 17-20 21-29 30-38 varAGgacarita : eka mahAkAvya zrI jitendra kumAra siMha apabhraMza sAhitya meM paryAvaraNa cetanA DaoN. premacandra jaina paryAvaraNa cintana : jaina vAGmaya ke sandarbha meM DaoN. saMgItA mehatA jAlora maNDala meM jaina dharma aura adhyayana sambandhI DaoN. sohanakRSNa purohita strota sAdar3I ke pratimAlekha meM ullikhita hematilaka DaoN. zivaprasAda sUri kauna? zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 101 52 52 1-3 1-3 2001 2001 39-56 57-60

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lekhaka. DaoN. puSpalatA jaina viSaya samAja evaM saMskRti varSa 52 aMka 1-3 I.san 2001 pRSTha 61-67 lekha rASTrotthAna meM prAgaitihAsikakAlIna jaina mahilAoM kA yogadAna rasazAstra ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna dhammilakumAracaritra dIghanikAya meM vyakta sAmAjika pariveza / gujarAtanI keTalIka prAcIna jinamUrtiyo siddhazArasvatAcArya amaracandra sUri The influence of Svayambhudeva's Paumacariu on Puspadanta's Rama-story in the Mahapurana The Jaina way of life The Veda and Indian Philosophy ku. aMjU zrIvAstava samAja evaM saMskRti 52 zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA Agama aura sAhitya 52 DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA samAja aura saMskRti 52 zrI sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 52 kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave samAja evaM saMskRti 52 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 2001 68-74 2001 75-90 2001 91-94 2001 95-96 2001 97-102 102 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 Miss. Eva De Clereq Duli chand Jain Dr. Kireet Joshi 1-3 1-3 1-3 2001 103-121 2001 122-129 2001 130-140 Agama evaM sAhitya 52 samAja aura saMskRti 52 darzana-tattva mImAMsA 52 evaM jJAna mImAMsA . Agama evaM sAhitya 52 darzana-tattva mImAMsA 52 evaM jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM 52 jJAna mImAMsA Jaina Dutakavya Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha : DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya (siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmatiprakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) anekAntavAda aura usakI samasAmayikatA DaoN. ajaya kumAra 1-3 4-9 2001 141-153 2001 1-15 4-9 2001 16-19

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lekha vaizAlI mahAvIra ke janma sthAna para nayA prakAza devaloka va tiryaJca meM nAga jaina dharma, saMskRti va kalA ke vikAsa meM gaMga, cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM kA yogadAna bhAratIya bhASAoM kA prathama vyaMgya upanyAsadhUrttAkhyAna Adhunika yuga meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA lekhaka AcArya. vijayendra sUri sarasvatI jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMghoM kA pArasparika sahadAyattva kharataragaccha - kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA kA saMkSipta itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda zodha-prabandhasAra ajaya kumAra sinhA DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA pro. bhAgacandra jaina pro. zyAma sundara ghoSa dulIcaMda jaina zrImatI zAradA siMha viSaya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA vividha samAja aura saMskRti itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama aura sAhitya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA varSa 52 52 52 52 g g 52 52 52 52 aMka I.san 4-9 2001 20-49 4-9 2001 50-54 4-9 2001 55-62 4-9 2001 63-73 4-9 4-9 pRSTha 4-9 2001 4-9 2001 4-9 4-9 2001 74-88 2001 81-112 113 - 128 129 - 133 2001 134 - 143 2001 144 - 147 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 103

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lekha zodha-prabandhasAra gujarAtI sAhityamAM jaina bhaktikAvyo lekhaka zrImatI kiraNa zrIvAstava pannAlAla rasikalAla zAha darzana, tattva mImAMsA viSaya Agama aura sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya 52 evaM jJAna mImAMsA varSa 52 52 4-9 aMka I.san pRSTha 4-9 2001 148-151 4-9 2001 152-163 2001 164-169 School of Jaina Philosophy Rightful exposition of Jainism in the west Samyakdarsana Dr. N.L. Jain J.P. Jain 'Sadhak' 52 52 4-9 4-9 2001 170-179 2001 180-184 darzana, tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA Agama evaM sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya 104 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 52 10-12 2001 52 10-12 2001 1-9 10-36 vividha 52 10-12 2001 37-47 Agama evaM sAhitya 52 10-12 2001 ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya : kucha satya kucha tathya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina AgamoM kI mUla-bhASA : ardhamAgadhI yA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina zaurasenI prAkRta vidyA meM pro. TA~TiyA jI ke nAma se DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzita unake vyAkhyAna ke vicAra-binduoM kI samIkSA zaurasenI prAkRta ke sambandha meM pro. bholAzaMkara DaoN. sAgaramala jaina vyAsa kI sthApanAoM kI samIkSA azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA : mAgadhI yA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina zaurasenI kyA brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke liye eka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina hI AkRti thI? oGmAgadhI prAkRta : eka nayA zagUphA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 48-56 Agama aura sAhitya 52 10-12 2001 57-65 Agama evaM sAhitya 52 10-12 2001 66-74 Pin yA Agama aura sAhitya 52 10-12 2001 75-83

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gaveSaNA lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa aMka I.san pRSTha bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM nihita anekAnta DaoN. sAgaramala jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 52 10-12 2001 84-102 jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA DaoN. sAMgaramala jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM samIkSAtmaka vivecana jJAna mImAMsA 52 10-12 2001 103-119 pravacanasAroddhAra : eka adhyayana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Agama evaM sAhitya 52 10-12 2001 120-190 sva. bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA : eka yugapuruSa evaM samAja evaM saMskRti 53 1-6 2002 1-12 anupama preraNA srota (saMkSipta paricaya) DaoN. sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI DaoN. dharmacanda jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM 53 1-6 2002 13-24 jJAna mImAMsA pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara-zvetAmbara dRSTi pro. sudarzanalAla jaina samAja evaM saMskRti 53 1-6 2002 25-32 hindI kAvya paramparA meM apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kA mahattva sAdhvI DaoN. madhubAlA Agama evaM sAhitya 53 1-6 2002 33-38 bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vikAsa-yAtrA meM sAdhvI DaoN. madhubAlA Agama evaM sAhitya 53 1-6 2002 39-43 apabhraMza kA sthAna prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana DaoN. atula kumAra prasAda siMha Agama evaM sAhitya 53 1-6 2002 44-62 jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa cetanA DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva 53 1-6 2002 63-67 pAdalipta sUrikRta 'taraMgavaIkahA' (taraMgavatI kathA) zrI vedaprakAza garga Agama evaM sAhitya 53 1-6 2002 68-70 nATyazAstra aura abhinavabhAratI meM zAntarasa kI DaoN. madhu agravAla Agama evaM sAhitya 53 1-6 2002 71-79 abhineyatA pratipAdana aura vizvazAnti meM isakI upAdeyatA zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 105

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varSa lekha mokSa mArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA aMka lekhaka DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina I.san pRSTha 53 53 1-6 1-6 2002 2002 80-86 87-95 'samarAiccakahA' meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra rAghavendra pratApa siMha jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna zrImatI kalpanA (zodha prabandha sAra) jainAgamoM meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya dulIcanda jaina 53 1-6 2002 96-99 106 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 53 1-6 2002 100-106 rAjendra siMha gurjara' viSaya darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama evaM sAhitya / darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra Agama evaM sAhitya gA~dhI cintana meM ahiMsA evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA (jehAdI hiMsA ke sandarbha meM) kharataragaccha-AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa 53 1-6 2002 107-112 DaoN. zivaprasAda Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh Dr. Rajjan Kumar 53 53 53 1-6 1-6 1-6 2002 113-121 2002 122-131 2002 132-145 Jain Campu Literature Misunderstanding vis-a vis understanding with reference to Jainism tIrthakara ariSTanemi AcArya haribhadra kI yogadRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana 53 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya DaoN. sudhA jaina 7-12 2002 1-11 AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' 53 53 7-12 7-12 2002 2002 12-21 22-36

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lekha lekhaka jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko yogadAna ku. madhulikA 'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA viSayaka eka aura pramANa zrI veda prakAza garga arbudamaNDala meM jaina dharma DaoN. sohanalAla pATanI viSaya Agama evaM sAhitya vividha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama evaM sAhitya varSa 53 53 53 aMka 7-12 7-12 7-12 I.san 2002 2002 2002 pRSTha 37-51 52-54 55-60 itihAsa kI gauravapUrNa virAsata : kA~gar3A ke jaina mandira zrI mahendra kumAra 'masta' 53 53 7-12 2002 7-12 2002 63-64 7-12 7-12 7-12 2002 65-93 2002 94-105 2002 106-110 ayodhyA se prApta abhilekha meM ullikhita nayacandra DaoN. zivaprasAda rambhAmaMjarI ke kartA nahIM kharataragaccha-rudrapallIya zAkhA kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda / jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa zrI dulIcanda jaina jaina Agama sAhitya meM naraka kI mAnyatA DaoN. manISA sinhA sAmAjika-rAjanaitika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna : DaoN. hemalatA boliyA anekAnta jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna DaoN. zailabAlA zarmA Jaina Kosa Literature Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti meM vArANasI maMDala DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina jaina purANoM meM varNita jaina saMskAroM kA jainetara saMskAroM DaoN. vijaya kumAra jhA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana itihAsa purAtattva evaM kalA 53 Agama evaM sAhitya 53 Agama evaM sAhitya 53 darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 53 samAja evaM saMskRti 53 Agama evaM sAhitya 53 Agama evaM sAhitya 54 samAja aura saMskRti 54 7-12 2002 111-115 7-12 2002 116-124 7-12 2002 125-159 1-3 2003 1-10 1-3 2003 11-29 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 107

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lekha lekhaka DaoN. vijaya kumAra jhA aMka 1-3 I.san 2003 pRSTha 30-42 sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke choTe pRthvIcandra jI mahArAja kI paramparA kA itihAsa dharma aura dharmAndhatA DaoN. vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA 1-3 2003 43-50 dhUliyA~ se prApta zItalanAtha kI viziSTa pratimA pro. sAgaramala jaina kharataragaccha jinabhadrasUri zAkhA kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda Catalogues of Jaina Manuscripts Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha DaoN. arcanA zrIvAstava dvArA Ayojita nibandha pratiyogitA 2001 meM puraskRta Alekha) jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrI chaila siMha rAThaura viSaya varSa itihAsa, purAtattva evaM 54 kalA dharma, sAdhanA nIti evaM 54 AcAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 54 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 54 Agama evaM sAhitya 54 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM 54 AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM 54 1-3 1-3 1-3 4-6 2003 2003 2003 2003 51-54 55-76 77-112 1-12 108 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 4-6 2003 13-21 AcAra zrI amita bahala 54 4-6 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ku. renU gAMdhI 54 4-6 2003 31-35 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrI rohita gAMdhI 54 4-6 2003 36-41 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ku. nidhi jaina 54 4-6 2003 42-46

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lekha lekhaka jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dIpikA gAMdhI dvArA Ayojita nibandha pratiyogitA 2001 hetu prApta anya viziSTa Alekha jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa DaoN. zyAma sundara zarmA varSa 54 aMka 4-6 I.san 2003 pRSTha 47-56 54 4-6 2003 57-61 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrI kamalinI bokAriyA 54 4-6 2003 62-72 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrI manoramA jaina 54 4-6 2003 73-81 viSaya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrI devendra kumAra hiraNa 54 4-6 2003 82-90 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ku. alkA surANA 54 4-6 2003 91-93 jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa zrImatI sudhA jaina 54 4-6 2003 94-100 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 109 jaina dharma kI aitihAsika vikAsa yAtrA pro. sAgaramala jaina 54 7-9 2003 1-53 / jainayoga : eka dArzanika anuzIlana anila kumAra sonakara AcAra 54 7-9 2003 54-61

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viSaya varSa aMka I.san pRSTha lekha jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM vastu-svAtantrya evaM dravya kI avadhAraNA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM samAdhimaraNa ke tattva lekhaka ku. alpanA jaina 54 7-9 2003 62-71 DaoN. sudhIra kumAra rAya darzana-tattva-mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra Agama evaM sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti rajanIza zukla DaoN. umeza candra zrIvAstava 54 54 54 7-9 7-9 7-9 2003 2003 2003 72-80 81-93 94-97 vajjAlaggaM kA kAvyAtmaka mUlya pUrvamadhyakAla meM striyoM kI dazA / (trizuSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke sandarbha meM) bhAratIya kalA ko buddha kA avadAna 110 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 pro. aMgane lAla itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 4 7-9 2003 98-104 elorA kI mahAvIra mUrtiyA~ 6 DaoN. Ananda prakAza zrIvAstava itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA DaoN. zivaprasAda itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 7-9 2003 105-110 kharataragaccha-begar3a zAkhA kA itihAsa 54 54 7-9 7-9 2003 111-123 2003 124-132 Mangilal Bhutodia Myth of Lord Mahavira's Embryo-Transfer in Jaina scriptures Religious Aspect on Non-violunce Dr. B.N. Sinha 54 7-9 2003 133-156 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA jaina darzana meM dravyadRSTi evaM paryAvaraNIya nItizAstra kA DaoN. rAmakumAra gupta pArasparika sambandha 54 10-12 2003 1-5

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varSa aMka I.san pRSTha lekha jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama lekhaka aMzu zrIvAstava 54 10-12 2003 6-9 digambara jaina jAtiyA~ : udbhava evaM vikAsa kusuma sogAnI viSaya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA samAja evaM saMskRti dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti 54 54 DaoN. kiraNa zrIvAstava DaoN. nandalAla jaina 10-12 2003 10-12 2003 10-25 26-32 siddhasena divAkara kA jaina darzana ko avadAna vanaspati aura jaina AhAra zAstra anAmikA siMha DaoN. zyAma kizora siMha 54 10-12 2003 54 10-12 2003 54 10-12 2003 33-53 54-60 61-66 AcArya zaMkara kI bauddha dRSTi vartamAna sAmAjika sandarbha meM adhyAtmavAda kI cunautiyA~ evaM jaina dRSTi se usakA samAdhAna jAti vyavasthA evaM usakA dAyitva gA~dhI aura zAkAhAra 54 10-12 2003 67-70 DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina samAja evaM saMskRti DaoN. zailabAlA zarmA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra . DaoN. kAkatakara vAsudeva rAva samAja evaM saMskRti DaoN. zivaprasAda itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA zrI mahendra kumAra masta itihAsa, purAtattva evaM 54 10-12 2003 54 10-12 2003 71-77 78-92 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 111 jainoM kI nAstikatA-dharmanirapekSa samAja kA AdhAra kharataragaccha-bhAvaharSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa 54 10-12 2003 93-99 jainoM evaM sikkhoM ke aitihAsika sambandha kalA 54 10-12 2003 100-102

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lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa aMka I.san pRSTha ... Landmark of Bahubali Images in Karnataka Prof. M.N.P. Tiwari itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM 54 10-12 2003 103-110 54 10-12 2003 111-118 Origin of Sramanism causes and conflict Dr.Niharika kalA 54 10-12 2003 119-138 Jaina Contribution to Indian Grammar lAr3ha pradeza meM mahAvIra Dr. A. K. Singh DaoN. ramAkAnta jaina Agama evaM sAhitya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM 112 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 kalA 55 1-6 2004 1-3 / trasa evaM sthAvara kA vibhAga samaNI maMgala prajJa 1-6 2004 4-9 jaina darzana meM ratnatraya pro. amaranAtha pANDeya 1-6 2004 10-14 jaina darzana meM nihita vaijJAnika tattva DaoN. anupama jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA va jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA Agama evaM sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti 1-6 2004 15-32 zrI anila kumAra sonakara jaina dharma meM pratipAdita SaDAvazyaka kI samIkSA aura isakI prAsaMgikatA pArvAbhyudaya kAvya meM abhivyaMjita meghadUta kAvya sAmAnya kevalI aura arhantapada : eka samIkSA jIvandharacampU meM paryAvaraNa kI avadhAraNA DaoN. madhu agravAla sAdhvI vijayazrI DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina 55 55 55 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 2004 2004 2004 2004 33-45 46-51 52-56 57-63

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lekha jaina darzana meM akAntavAda lekhaka DaoN. zAradA siMha varSa aMka I.san pRSTha zramaNa AcAra vyavasthA-aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ku. nItU dvivedI 55 55 1-6 1-6 2004 64-68 2004 69-76 zrI veda prakAza garga DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 55 1-6 2004 sAdhAraNa siddhasenasUri racita 'vilAsavaIkahA' jaina darzana kA karma siddhAnta evaM unake samAntara bhAratIya darzana meM pracalita anya siddhAnta jaina guphAe~ : aitihAsika va dhArmika mahattva 77-79 viSaya darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA Agama evaM sAhitya darzana-tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA darzana-tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA vividha 1-6 2004 80-90 DaoN. ena. ke. zarmA 55 1-6 jaina darzana evaM yogavAziSTha meM mRtyu vicAra zrI manoja kumAra tivArI 55 55 1-6 1-6 2004 99-110 2004 111-115 mahAvIra evaM buddha kA varSAvAsa DaoN. manISA sinhA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimAeM (hozaMgAbAda DaoN. gulanAja taMvara saMgrahAlaya ke sandarbha meM) mahArANA pratApa kA patra akabara pratibodhaka jainAcArya DaoN. sohanalAla paTanI hIravijaya sUri ke nAma kharataragaccha-kSemakIrti zAkhA kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 113 55 55 1-6 1-6 2004 116-117 2004 118-119 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 55 1-6 2004 120-128

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lekha lekhaka varSa aMka I.san pRSTha / Concept of self Evolution in Jainism Dr.M.R.Mehta viSaya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra samAja evaM saMskRti 55 55 1-6 1-6 2004 129-134 2004 135-147 D.S. Baya 'Sreyas' Jaina Sramana Tradition from Adinatha to Parswanatha Social Aspect of Non-Violence Dr. B.N. Sinha 55 1-6 2004 148-173 114 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 pro. sAgaramala jaina jaina aura bauddha pramANa mImAMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana karma sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara 7-9 2004 1-16 DaoN. dharmacandra jaina AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya prAkRta sAhitya kA kathAtmaka mahattva saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra darzana-tattva mImAMsA va jJAna mImAMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya dharma sAdhanA nIti evaM AcAra Agama aura sAhitya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra Agama evaM sAhitya zrI anila kumAra sonakara DaoN. hukumacandra jaina sAdhvI priyadivyAMjanAzrI 55 55 55 7-9 7-9 7-9 7-9 2004 2004 2004 2004 17-25 26-36 37-42 43-48 sAdhvI DaoN. maMjuzrI zrI mahendra kumAra 'masta 55 7-9 2004 jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta vijJAna | bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita gRhasthoM kI AcAra saMhitA nemidUtam kA alaMkAra lAvaNya 49-56 55 55 7-9 7-9 DaoN. vinoda kumAra zarmA evaM AzA zarmA 2004 2004 57 58-81

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varSa aMka I.san pRSTha lekha kharataragaccha-sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa lekhaka DaoN. zivaprasAda 55 7-9 2004 82-91 Jainism as Perceived by Huen-Tsang Dr. A.P. Singh 7-9 2004 10-12 2004 55 55 92-98 1-4 nirgrantha saMgha aura zramaNa paramparA sAdhvI vijayazrI 'AryA' caMdravedhyaka prakIrNaka kI viSaya-vastu kA mUlyAMkana DaoN. hukumacaMda jaina arddhamAgadhI jaina Agama sAhitya meM mAlA nirmANa-kalA DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya Agamika mAnyatAoM meM yugAnukUlana DaoN. nandalAla jaina prAcInatam eka durlabha jaina pANDulipi prAcArya kundana lAla jaina viSaya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa purAtatva evaM kalA Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM / kalA Agama evaM sAhitya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA samAja evaM saMskRti 55 10-12 2004 55 10-12 2004 55 10-12 2004 5-8 9-12 13-23 55 55 10-12 2004 10-12 2004 24-26 27-29 DaoN. veda prakAza garga DaoN. azoka priyadarzI jaina kathA sAhitya kA gaurava-'vasudevahiNDI' bihAra gA~va kI mRNmuhareM 55 10-12 2004 30-34 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 115 kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita vArANasI ke jaina evaM DaoN. zivaprasAda katipaya anya tIrthasthala jaina aura bauddha zramaNa saMgha meM vidhi zAstra kA vikAsa : DaoN. candrarekhA siMha eka paricaya phatehapura sIkarI se prApta zrutadevI (jaina sarasvatI) DaoN. azoka priyadarzI kI pratimA 55 10-12 2004 55 10-12 2004 35-39 40-47 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 55 10-12 2004 48-51 / /

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lekha varSa aMka I.san pRSTha 55 10-12 2004 52-56 Status of woman in Jain Community Concept of Suksma Sarira in Indian Philosophy Economic Aspect of Non-Violence 55 10-12 2004 57-59 55 10-12 2004 60-88 jIvadayA : dhArmika aura vaijJAnika AyAma lekhaka viSaya Dr. Reeta Agrawal samAja aura saMskRti Dr. Saroj Sharma darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA Dr. B.N. Sinha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra DaoN. kAkatakara vAsudeva rAva dharma, sAdhana, nIti evaM AcAra DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAraDaoN. alpanA jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA DaoN. vinoda kumAra tivArI darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina Agama aura sAhitya 116 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 56 1-6 2005 1-17 rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna 56 1-6 2005 18-24 karma-siddhAnta evaM vastusvAtantrya 56 1-6 2005 25-39 bhAratIya dArzanika sandarbha meM jaina acetana dravya 56 56 1-6 1-6 2005 2005 40-44 45-56 prAkRta bhASA aura rAjazekhara kRta 'karpUramaJjarI' meM dezI zabda AcArya nemicandrasUri kRta 'rayaNacUDarAyacariya' meM varNita avAntara kathAe~ evaM unakA mUlyAMkana / muhammada tugalaka aura jaina dharma DaoN. hukumacanda jaina Agama aura sAhitya 56 1-6 2005 57-74 DaoN. nirmalA guptA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 56 1-6 2005 75-80

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lekhaka DaoN. maheza pratApa siMha agaracaMda nAhaTA muni pIyUSa sAgara lekha rAjapUta kAla meM jaina dharma jaunapura kI bar3I masjida kyA jaina maMdira hai? AnandajI kalyANajI per3hI ke saMsthApaka yugapuruSa zrImad devacandra jI mahArAja The Jaina Manuscript and Miniature Tradition Mathematical Formulary of Jinistic Precepts N.L. Jain Scientific Thought Evident in the Labdhisara L.C. Jain bhAratIya saMskRti ke do pramukha ghaTakoM kA sahasambandha DaoN. sAgaramala jaina (vaidika evaM zramaNa ) mahAvIra kA zrAvaka varga taba aura aba : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina dy Lalit Kumar eka AtmavizleSaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma-sthala : eka punarvicAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kevala jJAna sthalaH eka punarvicAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka punarvicAra DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina tattvamImAMsA kI vikAsayAtrA : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM jaina darzana meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina viSaya itihAsa purAtatva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtattva aura kalA Agama aura sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA darzana - tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA varSa 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 aMka I.san 1-6 2005 1-6 2005 1-6 2005 1-6 1-6 1-6 3-4 3-4 2005 56 3-4 56 3-4 56 3-4 2005 2005 2005 2005 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 56 3-4 2005 2005 2005 56 3-4 2005 2005 pRSTha 81-85 86-88 89-93 95-125 126 - 133 134 - 150 1-17 18- 24 25-36 37-40 41-47 48-57 58- 61 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 117

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lekha jina pratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka cintana "aMgavijjA" meM jaina maMtroM kA prAcInatam svarUpa umAsvAti evaM unakI uccainArgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala evaM vicaraNa kSetra umAsvAti kA kAla umAsvAti aura unakI paramparA jaina Agama sAhitya meM zrAvastI prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya meM kRSNa RSibhASita meM prastuta cArvAka darzana rAjapraznIyasUtra meM cArvAka mata kA prastutIkaraNa evaM lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina samIkSA kucha pramANa bauddha dharma meM sAmAjika cetanA dharma nirapekSatA aura bauddha dharma DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina samIkSA bhAgavata ke racanA kAla ke sandarbha meM jaina sAhitya ke DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina viSaya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama aura sAhitya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama aura sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA Agama aura sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya varSa 56 56 3-4 56 3-4 56 56 56 56 56 56 Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya samAja evaM saMskRti 56 dharma, sAdhanA nIti evaM AcAra 56 56 56 aMka I.san pRSTha 3-4 2005 62-68 56 3-4 3-4 3-4 2005 82-86 3-4 2005 87-92 3-4 2005 93-96 3-4 2005 97-110 3-4 2005 111-123 3-4 2005 124-131 3-4 2005 2005 3-4 3-4 69-75 76-81 2005 132-136 2005 137-141 2005 142-145 2005 2005 146 - 155 156 - 163 118 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Dr. Sagarmal Jain viSaya samAja evaM saMskRti samAja aura saMskRti varSa 56 56 aMka 3-4 3-4 I.san pRSTha 2005 164-174 2005 176-185 lekha mahAyAna sampradAya kI samanvayAtmaka jIvana dRSTi Human Solidarity and Jainism : The challenge of our times The impact of Nyaya and Vaisesika school of Jaina prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM sAMskRtika cetanA karpUramaJjarI meM bhAratIya samAja tattvArthasUtra kA pUraka grantha : jaina siddhAnta-dIpikA bhAratIya vyAkaraNa zAstra kI paramparA 3-4 2005 186-192 57 Dr. Sagarmal Jain darzana, tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA zrIraMjana sUrideva Agama evaM sAhitya DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya samAja evaM saMskRti DaoN. dharmacandra jaina Agama aura sAhitya DaoN. atula kumAra prasAda Agama aura sAhitya siMha DaoN. zvetA jaina Agama aura sAhitya 57 57 57 1 1 1 1 2006 2006 2006 2006 1-10 11-18 19-32 33-44 2006 45-53 padmapurANa meM rAma kA kathAnaka aura usakA sAMskRtika pakSa dhamma cakra pravartana sUtra : mAnavIya duHkha vimukti kA nidAna patra pratItyasamutpAda aura nimittopAdAnavAda pro. a~gane lAla dharma,sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 1 2006 54-59 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 119 ku. alpanA jaina mahAvIra kAlIna mata-matAntara : punarnirIkSaNa jaina dharma ke jIvana mUlyoM kI prAsaMgikatA vaidika RSiyoM kA jaina paramparA meM AtmasAtIkaraNa DaoN. vibhA upAdhyAya dulIcanda jaina DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha darzana, tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 57 1 1 1 1 2006 2006 2006 2006 60-65 66-84 85-96 97-105

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lekhaka DaoN. rAmakumAra gupta DaoN. zAradA siMha kumAra priyadarzI Dr. Pramod Kumar Singh Dr.Nandini Verma Dr. Ratnesh Verma jasTisa.ema.ela. jaina ku. raMjanA zrIvAstava viSaya varSa dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 57 vividha 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 aMka 1 1 1 1 lekha 'dayA-mRtyu' evaM 'saMthArA-prathA' kA vaijJAnika AdhAra jaina zramaNa saMgha meM vidhi zAstra kA vikAsa devAnandA-abhinandana The conception of Death in Buddhism and Jainism Jaina Sasanadevatas : Source and Iconography zvetAmbara Agama aura digambaratva prAcIna bhArata meM Arthika vicAra : jaina AgamoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM sAMkhya kA vikAsavAda I.san pRSTha 2006 106-111 2006 112-120 2006 121-123 2006 126-138 samAja evaM saMskRti 57 1 2006 139-141 120 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 Agama aura sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya 57 57 2 2 2006 2006 1-14 15-19 DaoN. satyadeva mizra bauddha bhikSu saMgha kA vikAsa aura niyama vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA meM ahiMsA darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA 57 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 57 dharma, sAdhanA nIti evaM AcAra 57 2 2 2 2006 2006 2006 20-26 27-34 35-45 DaoN. kamaleza dUbe DaoN. rItA agravAla, DaoN. anItA agravAla DaoN. lalitA zuklA Prof. Cromwell Crawford bhArata kI ahiMsaka saMskRti The Role of Ahimsa in health care Ethics samAja evaM saMskRti 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 2 2 2006 2006 46-51 53-70

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aMka 2 2 I.san 2006 2006 pRSTha 71-82 83-89 lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa Medical Ethics in Ancient India SwamiBrhmeshanand dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 The Jaina concept of Ahimsa and the Prof.v.V. Menon dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 modern world Political Aspectof Non-Violence Dr. B.N. Sinha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 prAkRta mahAkAvyoM meM dhvani-tattva . DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva Agama aura sAhitya 57 AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadeza-pada : eka adhyayana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' Agama evaM sAhitya 57 jaina hindU hI haiM lekina kisa artha meM? vinAyaka dAmodara sAvarakara vividha 57 jaina sAhitya meM zikSA kA svarUpa ajaya kumAra gautama Agama evaM sAhitya 57 jaina darzana kA kAraNatA siddhAnta DaoN. zruti dUbe darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna 57 mImAMsA jaina darzana meM Izvara vicAra DaoN. sudhA jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 57 anekAntavAda evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA DaoN. manoja kumAra tivArI darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 57 anekAntavAda-eka dRSTi DaoN. jayazaMkara siMha darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA . 57 jaina cintana meM mana kI avadhAraNA DaoN. ajaya kumAra dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 jaina darzana va zaiva darzana meM pratipAdita mokSa DaoN. zAradA siMha jaina darzana-tattva mImAMsA va 2 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 90-115 1-10 11-25 26-38 39-43 44-51 3-4 2006 52-57 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 121 3-4 2006 58-65 3-4 3-4 2006 2006 66-74 75-79

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lekha lekhaka varNa vyavasthA - jaina dharma tathA hindU dharma ke sandarbha meM DaoN. dIpaMjaya zrIvAstava hindU paramparA meM karma siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya vidyA meM zabdaviSayaka avadhAraNA kA vikAsa duHkha kA kAraNa kamI nahIM kAmanA DaoN. rajanIza zukla DaoN. jayanta upAdhyAya kanhaiyA lAla lor3hA DaoN. rAghavendra pANDeya DaoN. umAkAnta pI. zAha DaoN. azoka priyadarzI jaina AgamoM meM zilpa : eka dArzanika dRSTi tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM para ukerita cinha phatehapura sIkarI se prApta zrutadevI (jaina sarasvatI) kI pratimA kalA kI anupama kRti jabalapura kA zrI zItalanAtha maMdira smRti pramANa (pramANamImAMsA ke sandarbha meM) eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Dravya, Guna and Paryaya in Jaina Thought Environmental Aspect of Non-violence Philosophilogy Interpretations of Religion Buddhists Ethics and its contemporary relevance kRSNa murArI pANDeya bhUpendra zukla Jayendra Soni Dr. B.N. Sinha Prof. S.P. Dubey Dr. R.K. Gupta aMka I.san 3-4 2006 3-4 2006 3-4 2006 57 3-4 2006 2006 2006 viSaya jJAna mImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, kalA aura purAtatva samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA 57 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 57 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 57 3-4 darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 57 darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna 57 mImAMsA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 57 varSa * 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 57 57 57 57 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 pRSTha 80-89 90-95 96 - 104 125-131 2006 132-139 2006 140-144 2006 2006 105 - 113 114- 124 2006 145-147 2006 2006 2006 148 - 156 157-173 174 - 184 185 - 196 197 - 202 122 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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aMka I.san pRSTha 3-4 3-4 1 1 2006 203-206 2006 207-209 2007 1-31 2007 32-39 lekha lekhaka viSaya varSa Anekantavada : A way Towords world Peace Dr. Baleshwar darzana-tattva mImAMsA va jJAna Prasad Yadava mImAMsA 57 The Jaina Tantric Yantras Dr. Lalit Kumar 57 tIsa varSa aura tIna varSa sva. nandalAla jaina vividha 58 AgamoM meM anagAra ke prakAra : parivrAjaka, tApasa DaoN. vijaya kumAra Agama aura sAhitya 58 aura AjIvaka ke vizeSa sandarbha meM / vaidika aura zramaNa samAja meM sAmAjika pArasparikatA DaoN. sudhA jaina saMskRti aura samAja 58 jaina-jainetara dharma-darzanoM meM ahiMsA DaoN. zyAma kizora siMha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM caturvidha saMghoM kA paraspara DaoN. zAradA siMha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 yogadAna jaina jJAnamImAMsA : 'pramANanayatattvAloka' ke vizeSa DaoN. rAghavendra pANDeya darzana-tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAna sandarbha meM mImAMsA 58 bhAratIya tarkazAstra ko jaina darzana kA yogadAna DaoN. rAkeza kumAra siMha darzana-tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAna 58 mImAMsA jaina va zaiva dharmoM ke bIca samIpatA ke sAhityika DaoN. kRSNa kAnta mizrA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 evaM abhilekhIya pramANa jaina sAhitya meM varNita vyApArika sAdhana DaoN. saMjaya kumAra jaina Agama aura sAhitya 58 Tattvarthavivarana: An appraisal Dr.G.L. Suthar Ara.1 aura sAhitya 58 The concept of Dharma: A Reappraisal Dr.Bijayananda Kar dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 58 1 1 1 2007 2007 2007 40-45 46-54 55-61 1 1 2007 62-75 2007 76-83 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 123 1 2007 84-86 1 1 1 2007 87-90 2007 91-101 2007 102-113

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lekha Can there be a choice between Religion or no Religion The Influence of Jainism on Akbar, The Mughal Emperor The concept of Mind in won-Buddhist Philosophy and Yoga Anekanta and concept of Absolutism in Jainism jaina paramparA meM maMtra - tantra tapaH sAdhanA aura samAdhAna nirayAvaliyA-kalpikA : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhArmika sahiSNutA aura dharmoM ke bIca maitrI bhAva- jaina dRSTikoNa vaidika, zramaNa paramparA aura usakI loka- yAtrA lekhaka Dr. Kanchan Saxena Dr. Nirmala Gupta Prof. Soon-Keum Kim Dr. Jagdish P. Jain DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina 'phaujadAra ' DaoN. rajjana kumAra DaoN. sudhA jaina DaoN. rAjendra jaina DaoN. vindhyezvarI prasAda mizra 'vinaya' AptopadezaH zabdaH kI jayanta bhaTTIya vyAkhyA DaoN. jayanta upAdhyAya DaoN. saMjaya kumAra siMha kAlidAsa ke nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRta ke taddhita pratyaya kauzalyA cauhAna viSaya varSa dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA 58 darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA 58 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 58 58 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 Agama aura sAhitya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 58 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA Agama aura sAhitya 58 58 aMka I.san 1 1 1 2-3 pRSTha 2007 114 - 120 2007 121-130 2007 131 - 142 2007 143-149 2007 1-12 2-3 2007 2-3 2007 2-3 2007 2-3 2007 2-3 2007 2-3 2007 13-22 23-33 34-42 43-53 54 - 62 63-75 124 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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lekha tantra darzana meM jJAna kA svarUpa jaina darzana evaM yogavAziSTha meM jJAna kI kramAgata avasthAoM kA vivecana vaidika aura zramaNa paramparAoM kI dArzanika pArasparikatA bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM vyakti-vimarza jaina dArzanika cintana kA aitihAsika vikAsa-krama prakAzita upAMga sAhitya Concept of Omniscience in Jainism Contribution of Sramana Tradition to Indian culture Jahangir's relation with Spiritual Jaina Leaders Jainism and Meat-Eating Towards world Peace on the Wheels of 'Anekantavada'and 'Syadvada' bauddhoM kA zUnyavAda lekhaka DaoN. jayazaMkara siMha DaoN. manoja kumAra tivArI darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA DaoN. vijaya kumAra DaoN. rAghavendra pANDeya DaoN. kirana zrIvAstava zrI oma prakAza siMha Dr. S.P. Pandey Dr. B.N. Sinha Dr.Nirmala Gupta viSaya darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA M.V. Shah Dr. Jaya Singh DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA mImAMsA varSa mImAMsA darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA 58 58 58 2-3 2007. 76-80 58 58 Agama aura sAhitya 58 darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna 58 samAja evaM saMskRti mImAMsA 58 samAja evaM saMskRti dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 58 darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna 58 58 aMka I.san 58 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 4 2007 2007 pRSTha 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 101-114 81-94 95 - 100 115 - 126 127-135 137 - 162 163 - 171 2007 172 - 187 2007 2007 188 - 206 2007 207-217 1-6 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 125

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I.san lekha madhyakAlIna bhAratIya pratimA lakSaNa pRSTha 7-15 2007 lekhaka viSaya varSa aMka DaoN. mAruti nandana prasAda itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 tivArI DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 . 4 DaoN. esa.pI. siMha itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 4 sAdhvI DaoN. ArcanA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 4 DaoN. bhUpendra zuklA darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 4 DaoN. rAja nArAyaNa siMha tulanAtmaka 4 2007 2007 AcArAMga meM bhAratIya kalA jaina dharma aura braja madhyayugIna saMta-kAvya meM jaina-nyAya kA nikSepa-paddhati jaina darzana meM pratyabhijJAna pramANa 16-22 23-31 2007 32-37 126 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4/ akTUbara-disambara-10 2007 38-42 2007 143-46 4 2007 147-51 haThayoga evaM jainayoga meM pratyAhAra kA svarUpa : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina pothiyoM meM jainetara dRzya jaina darzana evaM zrI aravinda ke darzana meM cetanA kA svarUpa : eka tulanAtmaka sarvekSaNa The contribution of Bhuddhism to the world of art and Architecture Venerable Jaina Architecture and Images of western India under the western Ksatrapas The concept of Mind (Manas) in Jaina Philosophy DaoN. zailendra kumAra vividha 58 DaoN. avanIza canda pANDeya darzana-tattva mImAMsA aura jJAna mImAMsA 58 Dr.RewatDhamma itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 4 4 2007 2007 52-58 61-72 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 58 4 2007 73-83 Prof. Rasesh Jamindar Dr. S.P. Pandey darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna 58 mImAMsA 4 2007 84-97

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lekha Jainism in Bengal prajJApanA-sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA au usakA prabhAva parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke sandarbha meM sallekhanA vrata puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM / vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA Concept of Sila in Jainism lekhaka viSaya varSa aMka Dr. Harihar Singh dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 58 4 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya Agama aura sAhitya 591 DaoN. sudhA jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 1 DaoN. sohanarAja tAter3a dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 DaoN. dIpaka raMjana dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 himAMzu siMghavI dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 ku. nikitA copar3A dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 ku. priyaMkA coraDiyA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 zrImatI saroja golechA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 zrImatI kamalinI bokAriyA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 chaila siMha rAThaur3a dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 rAmasvarUpa jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 Dr. S.P. Pandey darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 59 1 Dr. Vijay Kumar darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 59 1 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 2 I.san pRSTha 2007 98-103 2008 1-32 2008 33-40 2008 41-50 2008 51-57 2008 59-62 2008 63-64 2008 65-68 2008 69-75 2008 76-80 2008 81-87 2008 88-89 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 127 2008 91-116 Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics 2008 117-122 2008 1-24 bhAratIya dArzanika granthoM meM pratipAdita bauddha dharma evaM darzana

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lekha guNasthAna siddhAnta para eka mahattvapUrNa zodha-kArya jaina dharma meM dhyAna - vidhi kI vikAsa-yAtrA dhyAnazataka : eka paricaya AcArAMgasUtra kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kyA tatvArthasUtra strImukti kA niSedha karatA hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vRSNidazA : eka paricaya jaina itihAsa : adhyayana vidhi evaM mUla stotra zaMkhezvara tIrtha kA itihAsa 'navadigambara sampradAya' kI kalpanA kitanI samIcIna? jaina kathA - sAhitya : eka samIkSAtmaka sarvekSaNa jaina jIvana-dRSTi vikramAditya kI aitihAsikatA : jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meM SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA : eka vaijJAnika vizleSaNa Role of Religion in unity of Mankind and world peace lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgara jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Dr. Sagarmal Jain viSaya darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA varSa 59 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 sAdhanA, dharma, nIti evaM AcAra 59 vividha 59 vividha 59 Agama aura sAhitya 59 Agama aura sAhitya 59 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 59 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 59 vividha 59 Agama aura sAhitya 59 samAja evaM saMskRti 59 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 59 vividha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 59 59 aMka I.san pRSTha 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 25-31 32-36 37-49 50 - 61 62-68 69-82 83-85 86-99 100 - 104 105 - 112 113 - 123 124 - 134 135 - 141 2008 142 - 149 2008 151 - 167 128 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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lekha lekhaka Dr. Sagarmal Jain Dr. Sagarmal Jain viSaya Agama aura sAhitya varSa 59 59 aMka 2 2 I.san pRSTha 2008 168-173 2008 174-183 vividha Dr. Sagarmal Jain Dr. Sagarmal Jain Agama aura sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya 59 59 2 2 2008 184-197 2008 198-216 pro. esa.Ara. vyAsa 59 3 2008 1-7 Jaina Literature How appropriate is the proposition of NeoDigambara School? Jaina Canonical Literature An investingation of the earlier subject matter of Prasnavyakarana sutra kITa-rakSaka siddhAnta kA naitika AdhAra eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA pakSadhara hai : jaina darzana kA 'syAdvAda' jainAgama meM 'pAhuDa' kA mahattva jainazAstroM meM vijJAnavAda vartamAna saMdarbha meM anekAntavAda kI prAsaMgikatA padArtha bodha kI avadhAraNA apabhraMza jaina kaviyoM kA rasarAja-'zAMta rasa pAzcAtya evaM jaina manovijJAna meM manovikSiptatA evaM unmAda jaina darzana meM jIva kA svarUpa udAravAdI jaina dharma-darzana : eka vivecana 59 3 DaoN. surendra varmA DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina DaoN. zyAma kizora siMha DaoN. jayanta upAdhyAya DaoN. zaMbhu nAtha siMha 59 59 59 59 3 3 3 3 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 8-10 11-14 15-23 24-28 29-36 37-42 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 129 DaoN. sAdhanA siMha nIraja kumAra siMha DaoN. dvijendra kumAra jhA 59 59 3 3 3 2008 2008 2008 43-52 53-59 60-70

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lekha bhArata kI sAMskRtika yAtrA meM zramaNa saMskRti kA avadAna mithilA aura jaina dharma jaina darzana meM nikSepavAda : eka vizleSaNa The role of Jainism in Evolving a Global Ethics Individual and Society in Jainism Contribution of Buddhism and Postmodernism to Society paryAvaraNa aura vanaspati dehAtmavAda dhutaMganiddesa meM prayukta arthaghaTana ke upakaraNa bharata : eka zabda yAtrA jaina cintana meM saMpoSya vikAsa kI avadhAraNA jaina sAhitya meM zramikoM kI dazA lekhaka DaoN. vinoda kumAra tivArI DaoN. azoka kumAra sinhA navIna kumAra zrIvAstava Dr. Sohan Raj Tater Dr. C. Krause Dr. Ram Kumar Gupta DaoN. sudhA jai DaoN. vijaya kumAra zrImatI saritA kumArI DaoN. avinAza ku. zrIvAstava veda prakAza garga DaoN. paMkaja kumAra zukla DaoN. nAgendra nAtha mizra DaoN. raghuvara dayAla siMha viSaya samAja evaM saMskRti darzana - tattva mImAMsA va jJAna mImAMsA vividha samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA Agama evaM sAhitya varSa aMka I. san 59 59 'e 59 59 59 59 m m m 59 59 3 3 3 m mr 3 59 3 59 4 59 4 3 UU 4 m 4 pRSTha 2008 71-74 2008 75-78 2008 79-83 2008 85-90 2008 91-116 2008 117-122 2008 1-8 2008 9-18 2008 2008 19-28 29-36 2008 37-46 2008 47-50 130 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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lekha uttarI madhya pradeza meM jaina dharma : 10vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI taka vizva zAMti aura ahiMsA : eka vizleSaNa bhAsa kA prAkRta prayogajanya darzana pUrvamadhya kAlIna jaina granthoM meM zikSA ke tattva aSTapAhuDa evaM pravacanasAra ke pariprekSya meM yogyaayogya sAdhu vivecana Svetambara Scholars on Kundakunda: An appraisal Revising Buddhism in Mughal India : Through the Seventeenth century Presian literature Dabistan-I Mazahib Theory of Karma and Rebirth in Theravada Jainism Art and Education an overture Practice of Brahmvihara in Theravada Buddhism lekhaka yazavanta siMha DaoN. muktezvara nArAyaNa siMha DaoN. rAmAzaMkara rajaka ravizaMkara guptA Ananda kumAra jaina Dr. Jagdish Prasad Jain Dr. Damodar Singh Dr. Abha Singh Priti Kumari Archphurich Nomnian viSaya varSa itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 59 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 59 darzana - tatvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti Agama aura sAhitya 59 darzana- tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA 59 59 samAja evaM saMskRti itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA 59 59 59 59 59 aMka I.san 4 2008 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2008 2008 2008 pRSTha 51-54 55-59 2008 72-76 2008 77-85 2008 2008 2008 61-71 87-104 2008 105-113 114-122 123 - 131 132 - 1.41 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 131

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lekhaka viSaya varSa aMka I.san pRSTha Samani Chaitya Prajna daza jJAnamImAMsA samAja evaM saMskRti 59 59 4 4 2008 142-156 2008 157-163 Dr.Anita Singh lekha Consciousness in Sartrean and Jain Philosophy Women working class as reflected in Buddhist literature: An analytical view Life story of Rsabhadeva pataJjali kA aSTAMga yoga tathA jaina yoga-sAdhanA prekSAdhyAna dvArA bhAvanAtmaka cetanA kA vikAsa jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa kA svarUpa jaina dharma kA sAmAjika krAnti ke rUpa meM mUlyAMkana sAmAjika naitikatA ke sandarbha meM karma siddhAnta kA svarUpa (gItA evaM jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM) bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita paramANu vijJAna uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNita paMcamahAvrata jaina cintana meM prANAyAma : eka anuzIlana jaina dharma meM bhakti kA svarUpa pArzvacandragaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa pUrva madhya kAlIna jaina abhilekhoM meM varNita samAja Kusana Art in Mathura Contribution of Jainism to Indian culture RudraniMukerjee samAja evaM saMskRti 59 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 DaoN. sudhA jaina dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 DaoN. zaMbhu nAma siMha Agama aura sAhitya 60 DaoN. Ananda kumAra zarmA samAja evaM saMskRti 60 DaoN. zyAma kizora siMha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 4 1 1 1 1 1 2008 164-178 2009 1-8 2009 9-12 2009 2009 17-20 2009 21-24 132 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 1 1 oma prakAza siMha DaoN. zarmilA jaina muni maNibhadra DaoN. oma prakAza siMha DaoN. zivaprasAda maMju kazyapa Prof. R.C. Sharma Dr. S.P. Pandey Agama aura sAhitya 60 Agama aura sAhitya 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti aura AcAra 60 itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA 60 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 60 itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 60 samAja evaM saMskRti 60 worror or 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 25-27 28-32 33-35 36-38 39-49 50-53 55-64 65-82 1 1 1 or

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lekhaka Dr.Vijay Kumar viSaya samAja aura saMskRti varSa 60 aMka 1 I.san 2009 pRSTha 83-88 Km. Richa Singh itihAsa, purAtattva evaM kalA 60 1 2009 89-92 lekha Religious Exclusion : A threat to social Equality in Jaina Perspective Sravasti - The secred Place of Sramana Tradition samAdhimaraNa aura prAyopavezana : zramaNa dRSTi aura vaidika dRSTi bhagavadgItA aura jaina sAhitya jaina darzana meM karmavAda DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 2-3 2009 1-8 2-3 2009 9-18 'AkhyAnakamaNikoza' kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2-3 2-3 2009 2009 DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya Agama evaM sAhitya 60 DaoN. sohana rAja tAter3a darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 60 DaoN. eca.sI. jaina Agama aura sAhitya 60 DaoN. indubAlA jaina DaoN. saroja kumAra varmA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 DaoN. ayodhyA nAtha tripAThI samAja aura saMskRti 60 DaoN. rAhula kumAra siMha dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 19-30 31-36 37-44 2-3 2-3 2-3 2009 2009 2009 mahAvIra kI ahiMsA : ozo kI dRSTi meM prAgbauddhakAlIna zramaNa saMskRti kI samanvayadharmitA jaina vicAraNA ke nityAnityAtmavAda kI naitika aparihAryatA svAsthya saMrakSaNa meM yoga kI upAdeyatA jaina evaM vaidika dRSTi jaina darzana meM puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 133 DaoN. aruNa kumAra sinhA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 2-3 2009 60-64 namitA kapUra darzana-tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna mImAMsA 60 2-3 2009 65-68 /

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lekha pudgala : eka paryavekSaNa aMka I.san pRSTha lekhaka viSaya varSa DaoN. navIna kumAra darzana, tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna zrIvAstava mImAMsA 60 jaina siddhAMtAcArya sAdhvI samAja evaM saMskRti DaoN. vijayazrI 'AryA' 60 Dr.RaniMajumdar Agama aura sAhitya 60 2-3 2009 69-76 2-3 2-3 2009 2009 77-79 80-89 arhat zabda kI prAcInatA va maulikatA : jaina dharma ke sambandha meM The Vidyas of the Vidyadharas according to the VasudevahimdiCurrent trends in the Practice of Voluntary peaceful Death (Samadhi Marana) in the Jain tradition: An Empirical study 134 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara-10 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 2-3 2009 91-106 Dr. Col. D.S. Baya 'Sreyas' Tirtha, Tourism and Jainism Non-Violence in Jainism : Issues and Prospectives itihAsa, purAtatva evaM kalA dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 60 2-3 2-3 Dr. Rajjan Kumar Dr. Ramathtollah Saiedi Dr. Nanjunda D.C. upAdhyAya amara muni 2009 107-115 2009 116-124 dhvanivardhaka kA prazna hala kyoM nahIM hotA? kyA vidyuta agni hai? jaina dharma meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kI sthApanA ke mUla AdhAra DaoN. rAjendra jaina 61 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 61 4-1 2009-10 1-13 4-1 2009-10 14-30

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lekha jaina darzana meM kAla kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM AkAza bauddha paramparA meM saundarya zAstra kA darzana jaina AgamoM meM varNita zAsana vyavasthA jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam zramaNa paramparA meM samAja vyavasthA Development of Jain Yoga Samayika pAtaJjala yogadarzana' aura hemacandrAcArya racita 'yogazAstra' meM prANAyAma nirUpaNa mahAvagga meM auSadhi evaM zalya cikitsA jIvana (kavitA) A study of Jaina Monastic Life Adarza aura svastha jIvana jIne kI kalA jaina sAhitya meM varNita vAstukalA : eka samIkSAtmaka lekhaka DaoN. sudarzana mizra DaoN. rAmajI rAya adhyayana jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa DaoN. rAmakumAra gupta DaoN. aruNimA rAnI DaoN. hemalatA boliyA DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya viSaya darzana - tattva mImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA darzana - tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAnamInAMsA Padmanabh S. Jaini Dr. Sunil Kumar Jain DaoN. sohanalAla tAter3a DaoN. hukumacanda jaina evaM DaoN. indubAlA jaina dulIcanda jaina varSa Agama evaM sAhitya Agama aura sAhitya 61 61 61 61 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 61 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 61 pro. DaoN. viSNu kumAra purohita dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 61 DaoN. divAkara lAla zrIvAstava 61 DaoN. vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh 61 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 jaina Agama evaM sAhitya Agama evaM sAhitya aMka I.san 4-1 2009-10 31-36 pRSTha 4-1 2009-10 37-41 4-1 2009-10 42-48 4-1 2009-10 49-56 4-1 2009-10 57-65 4-1 2009-10 66-73 4-1 2009-10 74-80 4-1 2009-10 81-87 4-1 2009-10 88 4-1 2009-10 89-107 2-3 2009-10108 - 116 2-3 2009-10117- 124 2-3 2010 1-10 60 2-3 60 2-3 2010 2010 11-21 22-33 zramaNa atIta ke jharokhe meM (dvitIya khaNDa) : 135

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lekha prAkRta sAhitya meM aMkita nArI jaina dharma meM zAnti kI avadhAraNA sAmAjika krAnti aura jaina dharma tIrthaMkAlIna zramaNiyoM para eka vicAra dRSTi Contribution of Acarya Mahaprajna to the World of Philosophy Karuna and the significance of its Social Implementation Potentials of Tourism with Reference to Varanasi and its Jaina Places lekhaka DaoN. alpanA jaina pro. sAgaramala jaina anu. DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina DaoN. Ananda kumAra zarmA sAdhvI vijayazrI 'AryA' Dulichand Jain viSaya varSa dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 - Samani Dr. Shashiprajna darzana tattva mImAMsA evaM jJAna 60 mImAMsA Vivek Tiwari dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 dharma, sAdhanA, nIti evaM AcAra 60 itihAsa purAtattva evaM kalA 60 aMka I.san 2-3 2010 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2010 45-65 2010 66-71 2010 72-74 2010 2010 pRSTha 34-44 2-3 2010 75-83 84-89 90-97 136 : zramaNa, varSa 61, aMka 4 / akTUbara-disambara - 10

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