Jain Vidya 24

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani & Others
Publisher: Jain Vidya Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/524769/1

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24 mArNa sammAvidivaMDa saMjaya muttmNnekm| bArAcamma para yasa atihAsa NANu jjIvo govo jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI mahAvIra jayantI 2608 jainavidyA AcArya prabhAcandra vizeSAMka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna

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jainavidyA jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA prakAzita vArSika zodha-patrikA mArca, 2010 sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI zrI azoka jaina DaoN. jinezvaradAsa jaina DaoN. premacanda rA~vakA DaoN. anila jaina sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prabandha sampAdaka zrI prakAzacandra jaina maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI prakAzaka jainavidyA saMsthAna __prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna)

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vArSika mUlya 30.00 ru. sAmAnyataH 60.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu mudraka jayapura priNTarsa prA. li. jayapura

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viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. lekhaka kA nAma pR.saM. DaoN. gulAbacanda jaina zrI ramAkAnta jaina AcArya rAjakumAra jaina DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala paNDita kundanalAla jaina viSaya prakAzakIya sampAdakIya AcArya zrI prabhAcandra kA vyaktitva aura kartRtva paNDita prabhAcandra jayatu prabhendu sUriH eka meM aneka : virATa vyaktitva ke dhanI AcArya prabhAcandra nyAya prabhAcandra nAma ke kucha jaina vidvAna pramANa, naya, pramANa aura naya meM antara AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA pratipAdita pramANa : svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa pramANa ke bheda, naya ke bheda AcArya prabhAcandra ke granthoM meM 'tarka pramANa' kI avadhAraNA Apta kA lakSaNa parIkSAmukha evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM 'anumAna' kI avadhAraNA Apta kA svarUpa, Agama khyAtivAda : prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke prakAza meM 4. DaoN. eca. sI. jaina DaoN. (suzrI) rAjakumArI jaina DaoN. rAjavIrasiMha zekhAvata DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina

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jainavidyA (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAe~ patrikA sAmAnyata: varSa meM eka bAra, mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para prakAzita hogii| patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusandhAna sambandhI maulika | aprakAzita racanAoM ko hI sthAna milegaa| racanAe~ jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAya: usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA | jaaegaa| svabhAvataH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogaa| yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata hoN| racanAe~ kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 seNTImITara kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI caahie| asvIkRta/aprakAzita racanAe~ lauTAI nahIM jaayeNgii| racanAe~ bhejane evaM anya saba prakAra ke patra-vyavahAra ke lie patA sampAdaka jainavidyA jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa * jayapura - 302 004 phona naM. : 0141-2385247 I-mela : jainapa@sify.com 6. 7.

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prakAzakIya jainavidyA saMsthAna kI zodhapatrikA 'jainavidyA' kA yaha aMka 'AcArya prabhAcandra vizeSAMka' ke rUpa meM prakAzita kara atyanta prasannatA hai| ___ bhAratIya darzana meM 'nyAyavidyA' kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| jainadarzana-paramparA meM bhI isakA apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 'nyAyavidyA' arthAt vastu ke satya svarUpa ko dekhanesamajhane kI vidyaa| kisI bhI vastu, tathya, siddhAMta, mAnyatA kI satyatA-samIcInatA ko jA~cane-parakhane, usakI nirdoSatA kA nirNaya karane kI kalA hai nyaayvidyaa| ___ AcArya prabhAcandra nyAyavidyA meM niSNAta, khaNDana-maNDana zailI meM dakSa, tarkazAstra kI bArIkiyoM ke jJAtA, vilakSaNa tArkika, jainadarzana ke marmajJa manISI the| inhoMne dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, tattvamImAMsA-tarkazAstra, nyAyazAstra, vyAkaraNa, AcArazAstra Adi vibhinna 'viSayoM se sambandhita sAhitya sRjanakara apanI vilakSaNa-buddhi evaM vaidUSya kI chApa chor3I hai| AcArya mANikyanandi dvArA racita nyAyavidyA ke sUtra grantha 'parIkSAmukha' para AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' nAma kI 12,000 zlokapramANa vRhadAkAra TIkA likhakara jaina vAGmaya ke bhaNDAra ko apUrvatA pradAna kI hai| yaha grantha TIkA-grantha hote hue bhI maulika grantha jaisA mAnya hai, yaha jaina nyAya kA eka advitIya, apUrva, anUThA evaM agragaNya grantha hai| ___ AcArya prabhAcandra dhArA nagarI ke rAjA bhoja (10vIM za.I.) ke dvArA sammAnita tathA pUjya the| inhoMne rAjA bhoja evaM unake uttarAdhikArI rAjA jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| spaSTa hai ki AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI IsavI rahA hai| jina vidvAna lekhakoM kI racanAoM se yaha aMka sAkAra huA una sabake prati hama AbhArI haiN| patrikA ke sampAdaka, sampAdaka maNDala ke sadasya, sahayogI sampAdaka - sabhI dhanyavAdAha haiN| narezakumAra seThI prakAzacandra jaina adhyakSa maMtrI prabandhakAriNI kameTI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI

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sampAdakIya "AcArya prabhAcandra nyAya aura vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM bahucarcita vidvAna rahe haiN| ye dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI mAne jAte haiN| " "AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya IsvI san 980 se 1065 taka honA mAnA hai / " "AcArya prabhAcandra vicakSaNa buddhi ke dhanI the / cahu~mukhI jJAna ke bala para hI Apane aneka viSayoM meM apanI lekhanI claaii| cAroM anuyogoM meM ApakI kRtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| " "prathamAnuyoga meM - mahApurANa - TippaNI, gadya kathAkoSa / karaNAnuyoga meM - tattvArthavRtti pada- vivaraNa, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA / dravyAnuyoga meM - samayasAra - TIkA, pravacanasAra - TIkA, laghu dravyasaMgraha vRtti, samAdhitaMtraTIkA, AtmAnuzAsana - TIkA / nyAya ke viSaya meM - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra / vyAkaraNa meM - zabdAmbhojabhAskara, zAkaTAyana nyAsa / ina racanAoM ko dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki prabhAcanda ne bahumukhI jJAna prApta kiyA thaa|" "isaprakAra AcArya prabhAcandra ke dvArA racita teraha TIkA grantha evaM do grantha svopajJa haiN| arthAt 'nyAyakumudacandra' aura 'gadya kathAkoza' ye do maulika racanAe~ haiM, zeSa teraha TIkA- - grantha haiN| 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' TIkA grantha hote hue bhI maulika se kama nhiiN| " "prameyakamalamArtaNDa' kI racanA prabhAcandra ne dhArAnagarI meM nivAsa karate hue zrI bhojadeva ke rAjya meM samasta pramANa- prameya ke svarUpa ko samajhanevAle grantha 'parIkSAmukha' kI TIkAsvarUpa kI thii| 'parIkSAmukha' AcArya mANikyanandi (lagabhaga 950 -1050 I.) kA nyAyaviSayaka sUtra grantha hai| prabhAcandra kRta ukta TIkA 12,000 zloka - pramANa batAI jAtI hai|" "AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' meM aneka sambaddha viSayoM para vizada vivecana kiyA hai| unameM nimna viSaya paThanIya / mananIya haiM - bhUta caitanyavAda, sarvajJatva-vicAra, Izvara kartRtva vicAra, mokSasvarUpa vicAra, kevalibhukti vicAra, strImukti vicAra, vedaapauruSeyatva vicAra, naiyAyika - abhimata sAmAnya-svarUpa vicAra, brAhmaNatva jAtinirAsa, kSaNabhaMgavAda, vaizeSika-abhimata, Atmadravya vicAra, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA Adi / " (vii)

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"AcArya prabhAcandra viziSTa pratibhA ke dhanI the| ve saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAna, dArzanika aura siddhAnta-zAstroM ke jJAtA the| unhoMne prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra jaisI prameyabahula kRtiyoM kI racanA kara jaina-jainetara darzanoM para apanI viziSTatA evaM prAmANikatA siddha kI hai| unhoMne kisI bhI viSaya kA samarthana yA khaNDana pracura yuktiyoM sahita kiyA hai| ve tArkika, dArzanika aura sahRdaya vyaktitva ke dhanI rahe haiN| jainAgama kI sabhI vidhAoM para unakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| prabhAcandra kA jJAna gaMbhIra aura agAdha thaa| smaraNazakti bhI tIvra thii| unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke alAvA bhAratIya darzana ke anya mahattvapUrNa graMtha veda, upaniSad, smRti, purANa, mahApurANa, vaiyAkaraNa, sAMkhyayoga, vaizeSikanyAya, pUrva mImAMsA, uttara mImAMsA, bauddha darzana evaM zvetAmbara Adi ke saikar3oM granthoM ke uddharaNa - sUktiyA~ dekara apane agAdha vaidUSya kA paricaya diyA hai| prabhAcandra vyAkaraNa zAstra ke bhI viziSTa jJAtA the| unheM pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kA talasparzI jJAna thaa|" "yadyapi prabhAcandra nAma ke ekAdhika vidvAnoM, graMthakAroM, TippaNakartAoM, nyAsa lekhakoM ne jaina vAGmaya paramparA ko jyotirmAna kiyA hai, tathApi apane pANDitya aura vaidUSya kI jo amiTa chApa tarka aura nyAya viSaya-pradhAna graMthoM - prameyakamalamArtaNDa tathA nyAyakumudacandra jaise durUha graMtha ke rUpa meM paNDita prabhAcandra ne chor3I hai aura apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA jo paricaya apane se pUrvavartI gUDha, dArzanika, AdhyAtmika evaM saiddhAMtika graMthoM - zabdAmbhoja bhAskara, zAkaTAyana vyAsa, paMcAstikAya, tattvArthavRtti, samAdhitantra evaM kriyA-kalApa para bhASya, TippaNa, TIkA likhakara diyA hai tathaiva unhoMne apanI lekhanI dvArA saMskRta gadya ke mAdhyama se kathA jaise lalita viSaya para bhI adhikArapUrvaka likhane kA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| aise paNDita prabhAcandra nizcaya hI adbhuta kSamatAvAle prakANDa vidvAna the|" 'jainavidyA' zodhapatrikA kA yaha 24vA~ aMka inhIM AcArya prabhAcandra para AdhArita vizeSAMka hai| jina vidvAn lekhakoM ne apanI racanA ke dvArA isa vizeSAMka kA kalevara nirmANa kiyA, unake prati AbhArI haiN| saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka maNDala, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke prati AbhArI haiN| mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. dhanyavAdAha haiN| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI (viii)

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 1 AcArya zrI prabhAcandra kA vyaktitva evaM kartRtva - DaoN. gulAbacanda jaina* sAmAnya paricaya AcArya prabhAcandra nyAya aura vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM bahucarcita vidvAn rahe haiN| ye dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI mAne jAte haiN| inake viSaya meM nimna TippaNI prasiddha hai zArdUlavikrIDita chanda zrI dhArAdhipabhojarAja - mukuTa - protAzma - razmicchaTAcchAyA - kuMkuma - paMkalipta - caraNAmbhojAta - lakSmIdhavaH / / nyAyabjAkaramaNDane dinamaNiH - zabdAbja - rodomaNi - stheyAt paNDita-puNDarIka - taraNizrImatprabhAcandramAH / / anuSTupa chanda zrI caturmukha - devAnAM ziSyo'dhRSyaH pravAdibhiH / paNDita zrIprabhAcandro rudravAdi-gajAMkuzaH / / - bhAvArtha ukta chanda kI prathama do paMktiyA~ dhArA nagarI ke adhipati rAjA bhoja kI prazaMsA meM kahI gaI haiN| kaise haiM ve ? unake mukuTa meM lage hue ratnoM kI chaTA jaba * yaha sUcita karate hue duHkha hai ki isa lekha ke lekhaka aba hamAre bIca vidyamAna nahIM haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 pRthvI para giratI hai to usakI chAyA se pRthvI kesara kI zobhA ko dhAraNa karatI hai| unakI zobhA aisI jAna par3atI hai mAno lakSmI ke dhava arthAt pati hI hoN| Age kI zeSa paMktiyoM meM AcArya prabhAcandra ko nyAyarUpI sarovara ke AbhUSaNa batalAte hue unako prAtaHkAlIna sUrya kI upamA dete hue kahA hai - paNDita zrI prabhAcandra nyAyarUpI kamaloM ko khilAnevAle sUrya haiN| unako 'paNDita' zabda se sambodhita karane se unakA nyAya ke viSaya meM parama pANDitya prakaTa hotA hai| nIce chanda meM kahA gayA hai ki Apake dvArA cAroM vedoM meM niSNAta paNDitoM ke vAda-vivAda hetu Aye ziSyoM ko parAjita karane se jAna par3atA hai ki Apa rudra ke samAna vAdIrUpI hAthiyoM para aMkuza ke samAna haiN| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki Apa vAdiyoM para vijaya prApta karanevAle haiN| __dhArA nagarI (jo Aja madhyapradeza meM 'dhAra' ke nAma se prasiddha hai) meM dasavIM zatAbdI meM rAjA bhoja rAja karate the| ve tathA unake uttarAdhikArI svayaM to vidvAna the hI, sAtha hI vidvAnoM kA samAdara bhI khUba karate the| isase siddha hotA hai ki prabhAcandra rAjA bhoja dvArA sammAnita bhI the aura pUjya bhI the| inako 'paNDita' zabda se sambodhita karane se inakA gRhastha honA siddha hotA hai| inakA rAja-darabAra meM jAnA, vAda-vivAda meM bhAga lenA, paNDita kahalAnA aura inakA gRha-tyAgI tathA nagna digambara honA paraspara viruddha lagatA hai| unakA dhArA meM hI rahanA bhI digambara sAdhu kI dRSTi se saMbhava nahIM pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki digambara jaina sAdhu eka sthAna meM rahakara vahA~ ke nivAsI nahIM kahalA skte| isa viSaya meM eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki inhoMne apanA guru AcArya mANikyanandi ko svIkAra kiyA hai jo ki muni avasthA ke pUrva dhArA ke nivAsI siddha ho cuke haiN| prabhAcandra ne svayaM likhA hai - guruH zrI nandimANikyo naMditAzeSasajanaH / isase siddha hai ki inake guru mANikyanandi the| kintu vidyA-guru the| inhoMne apanI sArI racanAyeM apane guru ke samakSa rakhIM aura svIkRta karAI thiiN| dIkSA guru Apake zikSA-guru AcArya mANikyanandi the aura dIkSA-guru AcArya 'padmanandi saiddhAntika' the| aviddhakaraNa padmanandi kaumAradeva Apake sadharmA the| AcArya kulabhUSaNa bhI inake sadharmA the| samaya AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya inake guru AcArya mANikyanandi se jAnA jAtA hai| AcArya mANikyanandi ne nyAya ke vidvAna AcArya akalaMka kA smaraNa kiyA hai,

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jainavidyA 24 3 isase jAna par3atA hai ki AcArya mANikyanandi AcArya akalaMka ke pazcAt hue haiN| AcArya akalaMka kA samaya chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI IsvI ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai aura AcArya mANikyanandi kA samaya AThavIM zatI siddha ho cukA hai| ataH AcArya prabhAcandra navIM-dazavIM zatI ke vidvAn the| AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya paNDita kailAzacandajI ne IsavI san 950 se 1020 aura paNDita mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya ne IsvI san 980 se 1065 taka honA mAnA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ke samaya ke viSaya meM aura bhI vivAda haiM kintu jo kucha paNDita kailAzacandrajI evaM paNDita mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke dvArA siddha kiyA gayA hai vaha sarvamAnya hai| kartRtva AcArya prabhAcandra vicakSaNa buddhi ke dhanI the| cahu~mukhI jJAna ke bala para hI Apane aneka viSayoM meM apanI lekhanI claaii| cAroM anuyogoM meM ApakI kRtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, jaise - prathamAnuyoga meM - mahApurANa-TippaNI, gadya kathAkoSa / karaNAnuyoga meM - tatvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa, rtnkrnnddshraavkaacaar-ttiikaa| dravyAnuyoga meM - samayasAra-TIkA, pravacanasAra-TIkA, laghu dravyasaMgraha-vRtti, samAdhitaMtra-TIkA, AtmAnuzAsana-TIkA / nyAya ke viSaya meM - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyaaykumudcndr| vyAkaraNa meM - zabdAmbhoja bhAskara, zAkaTAyana nyaas| ina saba racanAoM ko dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki Apane bahumukhI jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| itane graMthoM kI TIkAyeM tathA maulika graMthoM ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ye kaI AcAryoM ke ziSya aura sadharmA the| racanA paricaya 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa - yaha TIkA-graMtha hai| yaha graMtha inake guru AcArya mANikyanandi dvArA racita 'parIkSAmukha-sUtra' para racI eka vRhatkAya TIkA hai| isako TIkA na kahakara maulika racanA hI kahanA caahie| pramANa kI koTi meM AnevAle jitane jJeya-padArtha haiM unako kamaloM kI bhA~ti prakAzita karatA hai yaha / graMtha atha se lekara iti taka nyAya se bharA par3A hai| pUrva pakSa meM AnevAle dhuraMdhara dArzanika apane pakSa kA zAlInatA se samAdhAna (nyAya kI kasauTI se) pAkara niruttara ho jAte haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 prabhAkara vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mata meM pramANa-svarUpa meM, usakI saMkhyA meM, usake viSaya meM aura usake phala meM vipratipatti pAI jAtI hai / isI prasaMga meM parIkSAmukha aura prameyaratnamAlA, prameyaratnAlaMkAra, prameyakaNThikA Adi graMtha race gaye haiM / prameyakamala mArtaNDa ukta prasaMga ko lekara sabase pahale racA gayA vRhatkAya graMtha hai| anya dArzanikoM meM naiyAyika kArakasAkalya ko pramANa mAnate haiM, vaizeSika sannikarSa ko, sAMkhya indriya-vRtti ko, ( mImAMsA) jJAtR - vyApAra ko pramANa mAnate haiM / bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnate haiM, zabdAdvaitavAdI pramANa ko na mAnakara sAre vizva ko hI zabdamaya mAnate haiM, cArvAkavAdI abhAva ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / zUnyavAdI, brahmavAdI sampUrNa vizva ko brahmamaya mAnate haiN| prabhAkara jJAna aura AtmA donoM ko parokSa mAnate haiM / isa bhA~ti jaise pramANa ke svarUpa meM vipratipatti hai usI prakAra isakI saMkhyA, viSaya aura usake phala meM bhI vivAda hai| prastuta graMtha meM ukta sAre vivAdoM kA khaNDana karake syAdvAda zailI ke AdhAra para jaina nyAya kA maNDana kiyA gayA hai| graMtha kI zailI sulabha saMskRta hai, TIkA kA jo AdhAra honA cAhie usI ke anurUpa TIkA racI gaI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki zabda to kaThina aura usakI TIkA usase bhI kaThina / TIkA kA zabda se bhI adhika kaThina honA acchA nahIM hotaa| yaha isa prakAra kI nahIM hai| TIkA atyanta sugama, tarka-sammata aura khaNDana - maNDanaparaka hai| isa graMtha kA viSaya jaina nyAya hai / nyAya ko par3he binA vastu tattva samajha meM nahIM A sakatA / jaise AtmA ko jAnane ke lie pratyakSa pramANa kAma meM nahIM AtA kyoMki AtmA amUrta hai, mUrta - indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hai taba anumAna pramANa kA sahArA lenA hogA yA Agama pramANa kA sahArA lenA hogA / isa prakAra vastu - tattva ko jAnane ke lie parokSa pramANa meM zruti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| pratyakSa meM pAramArthika aura sAMvyavahArika pramANa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai / ukta graMtha ina saba pramANoM ko, usake bhedoM ko aura viSaya aura phala ko paryApta khaNDana-maNDana ke sAtha siddha karatA hai / 2. nyAyakumudacandra yaha graMtha nyAyarUpI kumudoM (kamala-puSpoM) ko khilAne meM/ke lie candramA hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya jayasena ne AcArya prabhAcandra kI prazaMsA meM eka zloka likhA hai, usameM kahA ki nyAya ke viSaya meM aneka vipratipattiyA~ AyA karatI haiM, unako sulajhAne meM, unako spaSTa karane meM yaha graMtha candramA ke samAna hai| - 3. tatvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa isa graMtha meM AcArya umAsvAmI - kRta 'tatvArthasUtra' kI AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA racita vRhata TIkA 'sarvArthasiddhi' para AcArya -

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jainavidyA 24 prabhAcandra ne padaccheda karane kA kArya kiyA hai| isase usako samajhane meM saralatA A jAtI hai| 4. zabdAmbhoja bhAskara - yaha graMtha AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA racita 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' para racI huI 'bhAskara vRtti' hai| yaha zabda-siddhiparaka vyAkaraNa graMtha hai| yaha vyAkaraNa meM Aye hue zabdoM kI siddhi karane meM sUrya ke samAna hone se yathAnAma tathAguNa hai| yaha graMtha inako pramukha vaiyAkaraNa siddha karatA hai| 5. pravacanasAra-saroja bhAskara - yaha graMtha AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita graMtha 'pravacanasAra' ko saroja kI upamA dekara usa para racI apanI TIkA ko bhAskara (sUrya) ke sadRza prakaTa karanevAlA hai| 6. samayasAra TIkA - yaha AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita graMtha samayasAra kI TIkA hai| kahate haiM jina gAthAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa AcArya amRtacandra ne nahIM kiyA unakI TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra ne kI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki inakI adhyAtma meM bhI ruci thii| 7. paMcAstikAya-pradIpa - yaha graMtha bhI AcArya kundakunda kI mUlakRti 'paMcAstikAya' para TIkAsvarUpa racA gayA hai| yaha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina pA~coM astikAyoM para usI prakAra prakAza DAlatA hai jisa prakAra dIpaka vastu para prakAza DAlatA hai| 8. laghu dravyasaMgraha vRtti - yaha AcArya nemicandra saiddhAntikadeva dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM 58 gAthAoM meM racita 'dravya-saMgraha' para TIkAsvarUpa vRtti hai| 9. mahApurANa-TippaNI - mahApurANa AcArya jinasena dvArA racita mahAkAvya graMtha hai| isa para prabhAcandra ne TIkA kI hai| ____10. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kI TIkA - yaha graMtha AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' kI TIkA hai| pahale yaha saMskRta TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA racita nahIM mAnI jAtI thii| kintu paNDita kailAzacandrajI tathA unake sahayogiyoM ne siddha kara diyA hai ki yaha TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA hI racI gaI hai| TIkA atyanta sarala evaM subodha saMskRta meM likhI gayI hai| isakI hindI TIkA paNDita pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya ne kI hai| isa graMtha meM 150 saMskRta zloka haiN| samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna evaM samyak-caritra kA varNana zrAvakoM ke hitArtha racA gayA hai| graMtha meM 70 atIcAroM tathA 11 pratimAoM kI bhI sugama vyAkhyA kI gaI hai|

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jainavidyA 24 11. samAdhitaMtra TIkA - yaha mUla graMtha saMskRta bhASA meM 105 zloka meM nibaddha hai| isake mUlakartA AcArya pUjyapAda haiM jinakA apara nAma devanandi hai| isakI sugama TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra ne kI hai| sAre chaMda vairAgyapUrNa evaM AtmA-viSayaka haiN| bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kA svarUpa bhI Agama-sammata hai| TIkA sarala saMskRta gadyAtmaka hai| 12. AtmAnuzAsana TIkA - isake mUlakartA AcArya guNabhadra haiN| inhoMne mahApurANa aura jayadhavalA kA adhUrA kAma pUrA kiyaa| ye AcArya jinasena ke paTTa ziSya the| AtmAnuzAsana saMskRta bhASA meM zArdulavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, pRthvI, anuSTapa, AryA Adi vibhinna chandoM meM racA gayA hai| adhyAtma-premI hone se AcArya prabhAcandra ne adhyAtma graMthoM kI bhI TIkA kI hai| 13. zAkaTAyana nyAsa - zAkaTAyana eka vizruta jaina vaiyAkaraNa hue haiN| graMthakartA ne pANinI aura jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anurUpa hI 3200 sUtra-pramANa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hai| isI para AcArya prabhAcandra ne sarala evaM sugama nyAsa likhA hai| nyAsa eka prakAra kI TIkA hI hai| ___ 14. kriyAkalApa - graMtha eka saMkalita racanA hai| ise paNDita pannAlAlajI sonI zAstrI ne saMkalita kiyA hai| isameM siddha bhakti, AcArya bhakti Adi bhaktiyoM, sAmAyika pATha tathA sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM ke karane yogya kriyAoM kA saMkalana hai| pannAlAlajI ne likhA hai ki isa saMkalana meM jo prAkRta bhAga hai vaha AcArya kundakunda dvArA bhakti ke rUpa meM racA gayA hai tathA sAmAyika pATha, jo AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA race gaye haiM unakI TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra kI jAna par3atI hai| sAmAyika pAThoM meM sarvaprathama NamokAra evaM cattAri maMgalAdi pATha par3hA jAtA hai, usakI saMskRta TIkA bar3I sundara hai, gadyAtmaka hai, vaha AcArya prabhAcandra kI hI jAna par3atI hai| 15. gadyAtmaka kathAkoSa - IsvI san 950 se san 1020 ke bIca vRhata saMskRta zlokabaddha kathA kI racanA AcArya hariSeNa ne kI thii| isameM 157 kathAyeM nibaddha haiN| yathAsaMbhava isI racanA se prabhAvita hokara AcArya prabhAcandra ne gadyAtmaka kathA-koSa kI racanA kI ho| yaha eka gadyAtmaka zAstrasammata tathA purANasammata graMtha hai| bhASA-zailI sarala saMskRta hai| isa prakAra AcArya prabhAcandra ke dvArA racita 13 TIkAgraMtha evaM do graMtha svopajJa haiN| arthAt 'nyAyakumudacandra' aura 'gadya kathAkoSa' ye do maulika racanAyeM haiM, zeSa 13

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jainavidyA 24 TIkA-gantha haiN| 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa' TIkA-graMtha hote hue bhI maulika se kama nahIM hai| pUrva pakSa meM AnevAle dArzanikoM ne 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa' ke kartA kA lohA mAnA aura apanA pakSa chor3a syAdvAda ko svIkAra kiyA hai| upasaMhAra - yadyapi AcArya prabhAcandra ne apane janma-sthAna ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM likhA aura na kisI zilAlekha se unake janmasthAna kA jJAna hotA hai| kintu eka TippaNI se vidita hotA hai ki ve sthAyIrUpa se dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI the| yathA - "stheyAt paNDita puNDarIka taraNiH zrImAna prabhAcandramA" isase vidita hotA hai ki inakA sthAyI nivAsa dhArAnagarI thaa| ye rAjA bhoja dvArA sammAnita evaM pUjya the| inako paNDita kahA gayA hai| isase inakA gRhastha honA siddha hotA hai kyoMki digambara sAdhu ko koI paNDita nahIM khtaa| isake atirikta 'AtmAnuzAsana' Adi mahAna graMthoM ke kartA AcArya guNabhadra ne inakI kRti 'nyAyakumudacandra' para eka zloka likhakara inako kavi evaM paNDita kahA hai, isase bhI inakA gRhasthapaNDita honA siddha hotA hai| isa viSaya meM eka rAya yaha bhI hai ki paNDita zabda vidvAna kA dyotaka hai, ataH isa zabda mAtra se inako gRhastha paNDitoM kI koTi meM nahIM ginA jA sakatA / kintu TippaNakAra ne 'stheyAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase inakA dhArA meM sthira honA jAna par3atA hai| cUMki digambara sAdhu eka sthAna para adhika nahIM rhte| tIsarI bAta yaha bhI hai inake vidyA-guru jinase ki inhoMne jJAna prApta kiyA hai ve dhArA nagarI ke the, aisA siddha ho cukA hai| dhArA meM AcArya mANikyanandi se zikSA prApta kara Apa AcArya padmanandi ke nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa meM dIkSita ho gae haiM, isameM vivAda nahIM ho sktaa| zravaNavelagolA ke zilAlekha ke anusAra Apa nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke AcAryoM kI paTTAvali ke AcArya haiN| Apake guru AcArya padmanandi isI saMgha ke the| __ Apa dvArA racI gaI TIkA-racanA 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa' jaina-nyAya meM mUrdhanya sthAna rakhatI hai| yaha zAstrI', 'nyAyatIrtha' evam 'AcArya' taka kI ucca kakSAoM ke pAThyakramoM ke lie svIkRta hai| grantha meM pramANa kA svarUpa, usake bheda - pratyakSa evaM parokSa ko tathA inake AbhAsoM ko yuktipUrvaka samajhAyA hai| smRti, pratyakSa, tarka, Agama aura anumAna tathA inake bheda aura pratipakSa pramANa ko sayuktika samajhAyA hai| ina pA~coM

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jainavidyA 24 kI vyAkhyA meM prAyaH sArA graMtha samAhita hai| 'parIkSAmukha' ke prathama sUtra 'svApUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnaM pramANam' ke AdhAra se jJAna ko hI pramANa siddha kiyA hai| bhUtapUrva prAcArya zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta kaoNleja jayapura - - - __ prastuta parIkSAmukha graMtha ko par3hane aura par3hAnevAloM aura isa para upAdhiyA~ prApta . karanevAloM kI saMkhyA bahuta ho sakatI hai| nyAyatIrtha, zAstrI aura AcArya parIkSA uttIrNa vidvAna isake adhyetA raha cuke haiM; baMgAla esosiyezana kI nyAyatIrtha parIkSA meM uttIrNa vidvAna bhI aneka haiN| kintu kisI ne inake granthoM kA hindI anuvAda karane yA karavAne kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| aMtaraMga meM cAhe isa graMtha ko par3hanevAloM kI jijJAsA bhI isake hindI anuvAda kI rahI hogI kintu kisI ne Age Akara isake anuvAda kA bIr3A nahIM utthaayaa| pUjya AryikA gaNinI jJAnamatIjI mAtAjI kI ziSyA jinamatIjI ne gurudeva paNDita cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha (bhU.pU. prAcArya, zrI digambara jaina saMskRta kaoNleja, jayapura) se yaha graMtha par3hate samaya nivedana kiyA thA ki - 'Apa isa graMtha kI hindI TIkA likhie|' maiMne bhI zAstrI kakSA meM par3hate samaya kahA thA ki - 'isa graMtha kI hindI TIkA Apa kara sakate haiM, ataH Apako yaha uttama kArya karanA caahie| Apa svayaM yaha graMtha par3hAkara aneka chAtra-chAtrAoM ko nyAyatIrtha kI DigriyA~ prApta karA cuke haiM, Apake lie yaha kArya AsAna hai,' kintu yaha saMbhava nahIM ho paayaa| AryikA jinamatIjI ne apanI zikSAguru AryikA jJAnamatIjI tathA aneka paMDitoM ke sahayoga se isa mahAna graMtharAja kI TIkA kI hai| mAtAjI saMskRta-prAkRta kI acchI viduSI haiM, nyAya ke viSaya kA gUr3ha jJAna rakhatI haiN| graMtha kI samApti kizanagar3ha (rAjasthAna) meM huii| unhoMne isa para do zabda likhane hetu mujhako bhI bulAyA thaa| maiMne apane do zabda likhakara apane ko dhanya maanaa| maiM pUjyA mAtAjI ko koTizaH dhanyavAda jJApana karatA hU~ ki unhoMne isa mahAna graMtha kI hindI TIkA kI, jisakA abhI taka abhAva thaa|

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 paNDita prabhAcandra - zrI ramAkAnta jaina* karNATaka meM zravaNabelagola meM candragiri parvata para kattile bastI ke dakSiNI bhAga meM eka caturmukha stambha hai| usa stambha para zaka saMvat 1022 (1100 I.) kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai, jisameM vibhinna AcAryoM Adi kI prazasti aMkita hai| vaha lekha 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha' (prathama bhAga) meM lekha saM. 55 (69) ke antargata pRSTha 115-122 para uddhRta hai| usa stambha-lekha ke dakSiNI mukha para zloka 17-18 meM paNDita prabhAcandra kI prazasti nimnavata kI gaI hai - zrIdhArAdhipa bhojraaj-mukutt-protaashm-rshmi-cchttaacchaayaa-kungkm-pngk-lipt-crnnaambhojaat-lkssmiidhvH| nyAyAGajAkaramaNDane dinmnnishshbdaabj-rodomnnistheyaatpnnddit-punnddriik-trnnishriimaanprbhaacndrmaaH||17|| zrI caturmukha-devAnAM ziSyo'dhRSyaH pravAdibhiH / paNDita zrI prabhAcandro rudrvaadi-gjaangkushH||18|| * yaha sUcita karate hue duHkha hai ki isa lekha ke lekhaka aba hamAre bIca vidyamAna nahIM haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 isakA bhAvArtha hai ki zrI dhArAdhIza bhojarAja ke mukuTa meM jar3I maNiyoM kI razmiyoM kI kAnti se jinake caraNa-kamaloM kI zrI kastUrI - candana lepa ke samAna bhAsita hotI thI (arthAt jinake caraNoM meM maNijaTita mukuTadhArI dhArA- nareza bhojarAja namaskAra karate the), jo nyAyarUpI kamalasamUha ko maNDita karanevAle dinamaNi (mArttaNDa) the (arthAt jo prameyakamala mArtaNDa ke racayitA the), jo zabdAbja (zabdarUpI kamaloM) ko vikasita karanevAle rodomaNi (bhAskara) the ( arthAt jinhoMne zabdAmbhojabhAskara kI racanA kI thI) aura jo paNDita - puNDarIkoM (paNDitarUpI kamaloM) ko praphullita karanevAle taraNi (sUrya) the aise zrImAn prabhAcandra cirajIvI hoM arthAt unakA yaza akSuNNa rhe| zrI caturmukha devoM ke ziSya, pravAdiyoM dvArA avijita, rudravAdi gajoM para aMkuza rakhanevAle zrI prabhAcandra paNDita the| 10 dhArAnareza bhojarAja kA rAjyakAla san 1010 se 1053 I. taka rahA thaa| ataH Upara stambhalekha meM ullikhita paNDita prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamala mArttaNDa' aura 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' kRtiyoM kA praNayana isa avadhi meM kisI samaya kiyA hogA, aisA anumAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ukta candragiri parvata para mahanavamI maNDapa meM lage caturmukha stambha para zaka saMvat 1085 (1163 I.) kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai jo jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (prathama bhAga) meM lekha saM. 39 (63) aura 40 (64) ke rUpa meM pRSTha 21-30 para samAhita hai / usa stambha ke pazcimI mukha para utkIrNa lekha ke zloka saMkhyA 13 - 16 se vidita hotA hai ki mUlasaMghAntargata nandigaNa ke prabhedarUpa dezIgaNa meM eka prasiddha munirAja gollAcArya hue the aura unake ziSya aviddhakarNa (jinake kAna nahIM biMdhe hue the), kaumAradevavratI (jo kumArAvasthA se hI vratI the) aura jJAnavidhi ( jJAna ke sAgara the ) aise padmanandi saiddhAntika the| aura una padmanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya siddhAnta - sAgara - pAraMgata kulabhUSaNa nAma se yati tathA unake sadharmA zrI kuNDakundAnvaya ke munirAja paNDitavara prabhAcandra the jo 'zabdAmbhoruhabhAskara' ke kartA prathitatarka granthakAra the| ukta stambhalekha meM Age ukta kulabhUSaNa muni kI ziSyaparamparA Adi kA to ullekha hai, kintu prabhAcandra kI paramparA kA nahIM / tattvArthavRttipada, nyAyakumudacandra aura kriyAkalApa TIkA kI prazastiyoM meM bhI unake kartA prabhAcandra ne apane ko zrI padmanandi saiddhAntika kA ziSya sUcita

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jainavidyA 24 11 kiyA hai, kintu prameyakamala mArtaNDa kI prazasti ke nimnalikhita padyoM meM usake racayitA paNDita prabhAcandra ne zrI mANikyanandi kI gururUpa meM vaMdanA karate hue apane ko zrI padmanandi saiddhAntika kA ziSya aura ratnanandi ke caraNoM meM rata batAyA hai - guruH zrInandimANikyo nanditAzeSasajanaH / nandatAduritaikAntarajA jainamatArNavaH / / 3 / / zrIpadmanandisaiddhAntaziSyo'nekaguNAlayaH / prabhAcandrazciraM jIyAt ratnanandipaderataH / / 4 / / aura prazasti ke zloka 1 meM ukta graMtha ke praNayana hetu mANikyanandi kA AbhAra nimnavata vyakta kiyA hai - gambhIraM nikhilArthagocaramalaM ziSyaprabodhapradaM yadvayaktaM padamadvitIyamakhilaM mANikyanandiprabhoH / tadvayAkhyAtamado yathAvagamataH kizcinmayAlezataH stheyAcchuddhadhiyAM manoratigahe candrArkatArAvadhi / / 1 / / aura puSpikA vAkya meM grantha-racanA ke samaya, sthAna aura viSaya ko nimnavata nirdiSTa kiyA hai - ___zrI bhojadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparaparameSThipadapraNAmArjitAmalapuNyanirAkRtanikhilamalakalaGkena zrImatprabhAcandrapaNDitena nikhilapramANaprameyasvarUpodyotaparIkSAmukhapadamidaM vivRtmiti|" isase spaSTa hai ki 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' kI racanA prabhAcandra paNDita ne dhArAnagarI meM nivAsa karate hue zrI bhojadeva ke rAjya meM samasta pramANa-prameya ke svarUpa ko samajhAnevAle grantha 'parIkSAmukha' kI TIkA-svarUpa kI thii| 'parIkSAmukha' ukta mANikyanandi (lagabhaga 950-1050 I.) kA nyAya viSayaka sUtra-grantha hai| prabhAcandra kRta ukta TIkA 12,000 zloka-pramANa batAI jAtI hai| kAlAntara meM cArukIrti ne usa para apanA bhASya 'prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra' nAma se racA aura usameM prabhAcandra sUri aura unakI ukta kRti tathA mANikyanandi kA sAdara smaraNa nimnavata kiyA -

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jainavidyA 24 jayatu prabhendusUriH prameyakamalaprakANDamArtaNDena / yadvadananissRtena pratihatamakhilaM tamo hi budhavargANAm / / mANikyanandiracitaM kvanusUtravRndaM kvAlpIyasI mama matistu tadIya bhaktyA / tAdRk prabhenduvacasAM parizIlanena / kurve prabhendumadhunA budhaharSakandam / / paNDita prabhAcandra kI kRti 'zabdAmbhojabhAskara' aparanAma 'zabdAmbhoruhabhAskara' ke aba tIna-sAr3he tIna adhyAya upalabdha batAye jAte haiN| yaha kRti devanandi pUjyapAda (464-524 I.) ke vyAkaraNa grantha 'jainendra mahAnyAsa' para AdhArita batAI jAtI 'tattvArthavRttipada' gRddhapicchAcArya umAsvAti (40-90 I.) ke . 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtra' para devanandi pUjyapAda kI tattvArthavRtti' ke viSama padoM kA saMkSipta arthasUcaka TippaNa grantha hai| nyAyakumudacandra' bhaTTa akalaMkadeva (625-675 I.) dvArA pramANapraveza, nayapraveza aura pravacanapraveza nAmaka nyAya viSayaka tIna prakaraNoM ko lekara racI gaI kRti 'laghIyastraya' aura usakI svopajJavivRtti (svaracita TIkA) para racA gayA nyAyaviSayaka vizada vyAkhyAna hai| grantha kA puSpikA-vAkya nimnavata hai - ___"zrI jayasiMhadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparaparameSThipraNAmopArjitAmalapuNyanirAkRtanikhilamakalaMkena zrImatprabhAcandrapaNDitena nyAyakumudacandro laghIyastrayAlaMkAraH kRtaH iti mNglm|" isase vidita hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA paNDita prabhAcandra ne dhArA nagarI meM zrI jayasiMhadeva (1053-1060 I.) ke rAjyakAla meM kI thii| 'nyAyakumudacandra' kI prazasti meM Aye isa padya - "abhibhUya nijavipakSaM nikhilamatodyotano guNAmbodhiH / savitA jayatu jinendraH zubha prabandhaH prbhaacndrH||" se vidita hotA hai ki unhoMne eka 'prabandha' kI bhI racanA kI thii| 'ArAdhanA satkathAprabandha' nAma se upalabdha kRti, jo eka gadyakathAkoza hai, kI prazasti meM

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jainavidyA 24 bhI paNDita prabhAcandra ne Upara aMkita prazasti ke anurUpa usakI racanA dhArA nagarI meM rahate hue zrI jayasiMhadeva ke rAjyakAla meM kiye jAne kI bAta likhI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isa kathAprabandha kI racanA 'nyAyakumudacandra' kI racanA ke pUrva ho cukI thii| _ kriyAkalApa TIkA' prabhAcandra ne apane guru padmanandi saiddhAntika kI kRti 'kriyAkalApa' para racI thii| hammaca ke padmAvatI mandira ke prAMgaNa meM eka zilAkhaNDa para, binA kAlanirdeza kA, eka lekha utkIrNa milA hai jo jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (tRtIya bhAga) meM lekha saM. 667 ke antargata pRSTha 514-529 para saMkalita hai| lekha prAraMbha meM kannar3a meM tathA tadanantara saMskRta meM nibaddha hai| lekha ko par3hane se aisA vidita hotA hai ki vaha vijayanagara samrATa kRSNadevarAya ke rAjyakAla (1509-1530 I.) meM hue prasiddha vAdI vidyAnanda svAmI ke nilaya meM Ayojita kalyANa-pUjA-utsava para svAmIjI ke ziSya devendrakIrti aura unake ziSya varddhamAna muni dvArA svAmIjI ko prazastisvarUpa likhAyA aura utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa| ukta zilAlekha meM svAmIjI aura unake uparyukta ziSyoM ke ullekha ke atirikta kaI anya tatkAlIna evaM pUrvaja AcAryoM-vidvAnoM Adi ko bhI smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| luisa rAisa ne lekha kA samaya 1530 I. anumAnita kiyA hai| ukta lekha meM uparyukta mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra kA ullekha bhI nimnavata milatA hai - mANikyanandI jinarAja-vANI-prANAdhinAthaH para vAdi-marnI / citraM prabhAcandra iha kSamAyAma mArtaNaDa-vRddhau nitarAM vyadIpit / / sukhI...nyAyakumuda candrodaya-kRte nmH| zAkaTAyana-kRtsUtra nyAsa-kartre vrtiindve|| isase vidita hotA hai ki vratI prabhAcandra kI prameyakamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' ke sAtha-sAtha vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana dvArA racita vyAkaraNa sambandhI sUtroM para koI nyAsa racane kI bhI khyAti rahI thii| vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa ke rAjyakAla (815-877 I.) meM hue the| uparyukta kRtiyoM ke atirikta vivecya paNDita prabhAcandra ko AcArya kundakunda (I.pU. 8-44) ke paMcatthipAhuNa' (paMcAstikAya) para 'paMcAstikAyapradIpa' aura pravacanasAra' para 'pravacanasAra-sarojabhAskara', AcArya samantabhadra (lagabhaga 120-185 I.) racita

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14 jainavidyA 24 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' para 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-TIkA', devanandi pUjyapAda ke 'samAdhitantra' para 'samAdhitantra-TIkA', AdipurANakAra jinasena (770-850 I.) ke ziSya guNabhadra dvArA racita 'AtmAnuzAsana' para 'AtmAnuzAsanatilaka' nAmaka TippaNa aura puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa (965 I.) para 'mahApurANa-TippaNa' racane kA bhI zreya diyA jAtA hai| cUMki prabhAcandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna-AcArya hue haiM, ataH yaha gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai ki kyA uparyullikhita sabhI kRtiyoM ke racayitA 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' ke kartA paNDita prabhAcandra hI haiM ? ___paMcAstikAyapradIpa' aura 'samAdhitantra-TIkA' (samAdhizataka TIkA) meM racanAkAra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa', 'nyAyakumudacandra' aura 'ArAdhanA-satkathA-prabandha' kI bhA~ti apane nAma ke sAtha 'paNDita' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai, ataH inake racanAkAra eka hI prabhAcandra pratIta hote haiN| isI prakAra 'samAdhitaMtra-TIkA' se zailIgata sAmya tathA 'ArAdhanA-satkathA-prabandha' meM pAyI jAnevAlI kathAoM se sAmya ke AdhAra para 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-TIkA' ke kartA bhI ukta paNDita prabhAcandra pratIta hote haiN| ___ hameM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vivecya paNDita prabhAcandra mUlataH dakSiNa / bhArata ke nivAsI the aura vahIM ve kulabhUSaNa yati ke sAtha aviddhakarNa, kaumAradevavratI, jJAnanidhi padmanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya bane, kintu kAlAntara meM uttara kI ora vihAra kara dhArA nagarI meM jA base jahA~ 'parIkSAmukha' ke racayitA mANikyanandi ke samparka meM Aye aura unase nyAya-viSayaka jJAna arjita kara unheM bhI apanA guru maanaa| 'sudaMsaNacariu' aura 'sakalavidhi-vidhAna-kAvya' ke racayitA nayanaMdI bhI ukta mANikyanandi ke ziSya the| unhoMne apane 'sakalavidhi-vidhAna-kAvya' meM apane guru ke sAtha-sAtha apane saha-adhyAyI prabhAcandra kA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai, isase lagatA hai ve bhI inakI pratibhA se prabhAvita the| apane 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' meM prabhAcandra ne apane ko ratnanandi ke caraNoM meM bhI rata batAyA hai| ye ratnanandi kauna the aura kahA~ va kaise prabhAcandra ke guru bane, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| prabhAcandra dvArA apane kRtiyoM meM apane nAma ke sAtha 'paNDita' vizeSaNa lagAne se aisA bhAsita hotA hai ki ve eka gRhastha vidvAna the aura unhoMne apanI adhikatara kRtiyoM kA praNayana dhArA nagarI meM nivAsa karate hue dhArA- nareza bhojarAja aura jayasiMhadeva ke rAjyakAla meM kiyA thaa| cArukIrti kRta 'prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra' meM

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jainavidyA 24 15 unheM 'prabhendusUriH' ullikhita kiye jAne se lagatA hai ki saMbhava hai unhoMne kAlAntara meM muni-dIkSA grahaNa kara lI ho aura jina kRtiyoM meM paNDita vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM hai ve unakI dIkSA ke uparAnta kI kRtiyA~ hoN| 'AtmAnuzAsanatilaka' ke anta meM prabhAcandrAcAryaviracitaM' tathA 'pravacanasAra- sarojabhAskara' ke anta meM 'iti zrI prabhAcandradeva viracite' aMkita pAyA jAtA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ye racanAyeM kinhIM anya prabhAcandra kI hoN| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki 'jainagrantha-prazastisaMgraha' (prathama bhAga) (vIra sevA mandira) meM prazasti saM. 134 'dravyasaMgrahavRtti' kI hai, jisake anta meM aMkita hai - _ "iti zrIparamAgamikabhaTTAraka-zrInemicandraviracita-SaDdravyasaMgrahe zrIprabhAcandradevakRtasaMkSepaTippaNakaM samAptam / / " aura paNDita paramAnanda zAstrI ne vivecya paNDita prabhAcandra se bhinna isakA kartA mAnA hai| - DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya dvArA sampAdita tathA mANikyacandra jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita 'nyAyakumudacandra' meM paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI ne apanI vizada prastAvanA meM isa bAta para prabhUta prakAza DAlA hai ki vivecya prabhAcandra ne na kevala jaina granthoM kA samyak adhyayana-manana kiyA thA apitu jainetara sAhitya aura darzanoM kA bhI samyak jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| kamalazIla kRta 'tattvasaMgraha kI paJjikA' aura jayantabhaTTa kI 'nyAyamaJjarI' ke bhASA-sauSThava aura pratipAdana zailI se ve vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita rhe| vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, vedAnta, mImAMsA, bauddha aura vaiyAkaraNa darzanoM kA jJAna unheM apanI bAta tulanAtmaka aura yuktiyukta DhaMga se prastuta karane aura vipakSiyoM ke tarkoM kA khaNDana karane meM sahAyaka bnaa| paNDita kailAzacandrajI ne prabhAcandra kI kRtiyoM kI bhASA lalita aura zailI nirbAdha pravAhavAlI batAyI hai| vidyAnanda aura anantavIrya se preraNA lenevAle vivecya prabhAcandra ne vyAkhyA hetu apanI alaga zailI vikasita kI thI aura usakA prabhAva aneka paravartI racanAkAroM para par3A jinameM 'sanmatitarkaTIkA' ke racayitA abhayadevasUri aura 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' ke racayitA vAdidevasUri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| AcArya hemacandra kI 'pramANamImAMsA' para bhI prabhAcandra kA prabhAva batAyA jAtA hai| prabhAcandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna, AcArya Adi ho jAne tathA kRtiyoM meM racanAkAra ke viSaya meM pUrNa vivaraNa ke abhAva meM vivecya paNDita prabhAcandra kA

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16 jainavidyA 24 kAla-nirdhAraNa karane meM vidvAnoM meM kAphI UhApoha aura matabheda rahA, tathApi 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' meM dhArA-nareza bhojarAja aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' 'ArAdhanA-satkathAprabandha' evaM 'samAdhitantra-TIkA' meM zrI jayasiMhadeva kA spaSTa ullekha hone se tathA anya antaH evaM bahirsAkSyoM ke parIkSaNa ke AdhAra para DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya aura DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI prabhRti vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya 980 I. se 1065 I. ke madhya anumAnita kiyA hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' jaise tarka aura nyAya viSayaka granthoM va 'zabdAmbhojabhAskara' aura 'zAkaTAyananyAsa' jaise vyAkaraNa-granthoM ke racayitA tathA 'paMcAstikAya', 'tattvArthavRtti', 'samAdhitantra' aura 'kriyAkalApa' jaise pUrvavartI gUr3ha dArzanika, AdhyAtmika evaM saiddhAntika granthoM kA bhASya karanevAle tathA saMskRta gadya meM kathA-kahAnI jaise lalita viSaya para lekhanI calAnevAle, zAstrArtha meM vAdiyoM ko parAsta karanevAle vivecya prabhAcandra agAdha jJAnavAle, vilakSaNa pratibhAsampanna, adbhuta kSamatA ke prakANDa paNDita the| ukta paNDita prabhAcandra ke atirikta prabhAcandra nAmadhArI jina anya vidvAnoMAcAryoM Adi kA vivaraNa hameM mila sakA hai, unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ de denA prAsaMgika hogaa| kAla-kramAnusAra unakA vivaraNa nimnavata hai - (1) 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha', prathama bhAga meM saMkalita zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha 1 (zaka savat 522 arthAt 600 I.) meM ullikhita AcArya prabhAcandra jo bhadrabAhu zrutakevali (lagabhaga 340 I. pU.) ke ziSya 'rAjA candragupta' rahe batAye jAte haiN| (2) vRhadprabhAcandra jinhoMne umAsvAmi ke mUla tattvArthasUtra' ke sUtroM kA saMkSiptikaraNa karate hue 10 adhyAyoM meM zatAdhika sUtroM meM 'tatvArthasUtra' kI racanA kI thii| isa sUtra-grantha meM pUjyapAda aura akalaMkadeva Adi ke AdhAra para yatratatra parivartana-parivarddhana kiyA gayA batAyA jAtA hai| ina vRhadprabhAcandra kA samaya umAsvAmi (40-90 I.) ke uparAnta hI saMbhava hai| (3) 'arhatpravacana' ke kartA prabhAcandra jinhoMne uparyukta vRhadprabhAcandra ke 'tatvArthasUtra' ke adhyayanoparAnta ukta grantha kI racanA 5 adhyAyoM meM 84 sUtroM meM kI batAI jAtI hai| akalaMkadeva (625-675 I.) dvArA apanI 'tattvArtharAjavArtika',

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jainavidyA 24 5.38, meM 'uktaJca arhatpravacane' likhakara jisa grantha kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai vaha kadAcit ukta grantha hI ho| (4) devanandi pUjyapAda (464-524 I.) ke 'jainendra mahAnyAsa' meM 'rAtreH kRti prabhAcandrasya' dvArA ullikhita prbhaacndr| (5) paraluru nivAsI AcArya vinayanandi ke ziSya prabhAcandra jinheM cAlukya nareza kIrtivarmA prathama ne zaka saMvat 489 arthAt 567 I. meM dAna diyA thaa| (6) punnATasaMghIya jinasena kRta 'harivaMzapurANa' (783 I.) meM ullikhita kumArasena ke ziSya prbhaacndr| (7) senasaMghIya jinasena svAmI (770-850 I.) kRta AdipurANa meM ullikhita kavi prabhAcandra jinhoMne 'candrodaya' kI racanA kI thii| (8) zravaNabelagola ke samIpavartI somavAra basti ke samIpa zaka saMvat 1001 (1079 I.) ke zilAlekha meM ullikhita kANUragaNa ke prabhAcandra siddhaantdev| (9) senagaNa ke bhaTTAraka bAlacandra ke ziSya bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra jinakA samaya 12vIM zatI IsvI anumAnita hai| (10) 'prabhAvakacarita' (1277 I.) ke racayitA prabhAcandra suuri| (11) mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha kI iMglezvara zAkhA meM hue, sAratraya (samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAyasAra) meM nipuNa tathA 'paramAgamasAra' aura 'bhAvasaMgraha' kRtiyoM ke racayitA zrutamuni ke zAstraguru prabhAcandra muni| inakA ullekha zrutamuni ne zaka saMvat 1263 (1341 I.) meM mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI ko pUrNa kiye gaye apane 'paramAgamasAra' kI prazasti meM kiyA hai| (12) vikrama saMvat 1489 (1432 I.) meM bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI ko sakITa nagara (jilA eTA, uttarapradeza) meM laMbakaMcuka (lamecu) jAti ke sakaru sAhu ke paMDita putra sonika kI prArthanA para aura brahmacArI jaitA ke prabodhanArtha umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra' para 'tatvArtharatnaprabhAkara' nAmaka TIkA racanevAle bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra jo kASThAnvaya meM AcArya nayasena kI paramparA meM bhaTTAraka hemakIrti ke ziSTa bhaTTAraka dharmacanda ke pazcAt paTTAsIna hue| ___ (13) mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha meM hue bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya aura 'jJAnasUryodaya' nATaka ke racayitA bhaTTAraka vAdicandra ke guru bhaTTAraka prbhaacndr|

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jainavidyA 24 'jJAnasUryodaya' nATaka kI racanA madhUkanagara meM saMvat 1648 ( 1591 I.) kI mAgha zukla aSTamI ko huI thI / usakI prazasti meM bhaTTAraka vAdicandrasUri ne apane guru bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| 18 ( 14 ) mumukSu vidyAnandi dvArA gAndhArapurI meM saMvat 1779 ( 1722 I.) meM racita 'sudarzanacaritra' kI prazasti meM ullikhita ratnakIrti ke pazcAt paTTAsIna honevAle prabhendu arthAt prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka / DO jyoti nikuMja cArabAga lakhanaU-226004

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 jayatu prabhendu sUriH - AcArya rAjakumAra jaina jaina manISiyoM, racanAkAroM, graMtha-lekhakoM evaM AcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki AtmazlAghA se bacate hue unhoMne svayaM ke viSaya meM adhika kucha nahIM likhaa| graMtha kI prazasti ke rUpa meM yadi kucha likhA bhI to vaha atyalpa hii| aisI sthiti meM unake viSaya meM vizeSataH unakA kAla nirdhAraNa karane meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai, tathApi una graMthakAroM dvArA kiyA gayA apane guru kA stavana, guru-guNa saMkIrtana evaM vandana tathA unake paravartI graMthakAroM-racanAkAroM dvArA kiyA gayA unakA sAdara smaraNa athavA apane graMtha meM unake (apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke) graMthoM ke katipaya aMzoM - zlokoM ke uddharaNa Adi sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para AcAryoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha samasyA usa samaya aura adhika gaharI ho jAtI hai jaba eka hI nAmadhArI ekAdhika vidvAna hamAre samakSa hote haiN| yadi unake viSaya meM svataMtra rUpa se athavA adhikRta rUpa se koI paricaya prApta nahIM hotA hai athavA alpa yA sandigdha paricaya prApta hotA hai to usake AdhAra para unake vyaktitva, kartRtva evaM kAla ke nirdhAraNa kI samasyA jaTila ho jAtI hai| yaha pravRtti sAmAnyataH prAcIna kAla se lekara madhyakAla ke prAraMbha taka bhAratIya sAhityika paramparA meM dekhane ko milatI hai|

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jainavidyA 24 jainadharmAnumata vibhinna dhArmika, dArzanika, AdhyAtmika, tAttvika, tArkika (nyAyapradhAna), vyAkaraNa, AcAra-zAstra Adi viSayoM para graMthoM kI racanA kara apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA evaM vaidUSya kI chApa chor3anevAle jainAcAryoM kI paramparA meM prathita tarka graMthakAra' aura 'zabdAmbhoruha bhAskara' Adi vizeSaNoM se suzobhita, vilakSaNa tArkika, buddhi-vaibhava se sampanna, mahanIya vyaktitva ke dhanI paNDitapravara prabhAcandra aise apratima manISI haiM jinhoMne atyanta durUha viSaya para apanI lekhanI kA camatkAra pradarzita kara apane prakhara pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai| unhoMne 'parIkSAmukha' graMtha para 12,000 zlokapramANa vRhadAkAra TIkA jo 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa' ke nAma se khyAta hai likhakara jaina vAGmaya ke bhaNDAra ko apUrvatA pradAna kI hai| yaha jaina nyAya zAstra kA eka aisA advitIya-apUrva aura mahatvapUrNa graMtha hai jo prameyarUpI-kamaloM ko udbhAsita karanevAle mArtaNDa - sUrya kI bhA~ti hai| __ zrImatprabhAcandra dvArA likhita graMthoM, TIkA-TippaNoM, vyAkhyAoM tathA anya racanAoM se abhivyakta unakA vaidUSya, pANDitya, vyaktitva evaM kartRtva yadyapi nirvivAda hai, phira bhI jainAcAryoM kI paramparA meM prabhAcandra nAmadhArI ekAdhika vidvAnoM aura unakI racanAoM - kRtiyoM kA ullekha milane se unakA kAla (samaya) nirdhAraNa karane meM kiMcit saMzaya utpanna kara diyA hai| tathApi vibhinna zAstrIya uddharaNa jo unake nAma se yA unake viSaya meM prApta hote haiM tathA upalabdha anya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para unakA nirvivAda kAla nirNaya karanA adhika kaSTa-sAdhya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM katipaya una sandarbho kA yahA~ ullekha karanA abhISTa hai jo unake vyaktitva evaM kartRtva ko rekhAMkita karate haiN| paNDitapravara prabhAcandra ke prati zrI cArukIrti dvArA kie gae guru-guNa-saMkIrtana se unakI mahanIyatA pratipAdita hotI hai jo nimna prakAra hai - jayatu prabhendu sUriH prameyakamala-prakANDamArtaNDena / yad vadana nisRtena pratihatamakhilaM tamo hi budhavargANAm / ' arthAt jinake mukha se niHsRta prameyakamala rUpI prakANDa mArtaNDa ne vidvAnoM ke akhila aMdhakAra (AjJAnAndhakAra) ko hara liyA una prabhAcandra kI jaya ho| Age bhI zrImatprabhAcandra ke prati vinamratApUrvaka apanI alpa mati kA ullekha karate hue guru ke guNoM kA bakhAna karanA cArukIrti ko adhika abhISTa

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jainavidyA 24 rahA hai| ve apane guru zrI prabhAcandra ke prati nimna prakAra se apanA Adara bhAva prakaTa karate haiM - mANikyanandi racitaM kvanusUtravRndaM kvalpAyasI mama matistu tadIya bhktyaa| tAdRk prabhenduvacasAM parizIlanena kurve prabhendumadhunAbudhaharSakandam / ' arthAt kahA~ mANikyanandi dvArA racita sUtra-samUha aura kahA~ merI alpamati, kintu unakI bhakti se aura usI prakAra ke prabhAcandra ke vacanoM kA parizIlana karake vidvAnoM kA harSa bar3hAnevAle prabhendu (indu kI prabhAvAle graMtha prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra) kI maiM racanA karatA huuN| isa prakAra prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra ke racanAkAra ke dvArA zrImatprabhAcandra kA uparyukta rUpa se jo guNa-kIrtana kiyA gayA hai usase granthakartA kI apane guru ke prati agAdha zraddhA aura bhakti spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| yadi paNDitapravara prabhAcandrajI eka sAmAnya koTi ke hI lekhaka yA graMthakartA hote to isa prakAra unake guNoM kA saMkIrtana nahIM kiyA jaataa| jisakA yaza dig-diganta-vyApI hotA hai vaha kisI vyakti dvArA guNa-kIrtana kie jAne mAtra se mahimA-maNDita nahIM ho jAtA hai, apitu yatra-tatra-sarvatra usake vaidUSya kI avirala dhArA pravAhita hotI hai| aisA hI kucha nimna zloka (zilAlekha) se dhvanita hotA hai jo jaina zilAlekha saMgraha meM saMkalita hai - zrI dhArAdhipa bhojarAja-mukuTa-protAzma-razmi-cchaTAcchAyA-kaMkuma-paMkalipta caraNAmbhojAta lakSmIdhavaH / nyAyAbjAkaramaNDane dinamaNizabdAbja-rodomaNistheyAtpaNDita-puNDarIka-taraNi zrImAn prbhaacndrmaa|| zrI caturmukha devAnAM ziSyo'dhRSyaH pravAdibhiH / paNDita zrI prabhAcandro rudravAdigajAMkuzaH / ' arthAt zrI dhArAdhIza bhojarAja ke mukuTa meM jar3I maNiyoM kI razmiyoM (kiraNoM) kI kAnti se jinake caraNa-kamaloM kI zrI kastUrI-candanalepa ke samAna bhAsita hotI thI arthAt jinake caraNoM meM maNijaTita mukuTadhArI dhArA-nareza bhojarAja namaskAra

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jaina vidyA 24 karate the, jo nyAyarUpI kamala - samUha ko maNDita karanevAle dinamaNi ( mArttaNDa ) the (jinhoMne prameyakamalamArttaNDa nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI thI), jo zabdAbja (zabdarUpI kamaloM) ko vikasita karanevAle rodomaNi (bhAskara) the ( jinhoMne zabdAmbhoja bhAskara graMtha kI racanA kI thI) aura jo paNDita puNDarIkoM (paNDitarUpI kamaloM) ko praphullita karanevAle taraNi (sUrya) the| aise zrImat prabhAcandra cirajIvI hoM arthAt unakA yaza akSuNNa rhe| zrI caturmukha devoM ke ziSya, pravAdiyoM dvArA avijita, rudravAdi gajoM para aMkuza rakhanevAle aise prabhAcandra paNDita the / 22 - zrI prabhAcandra kA paricaya denevAle aura unakI yazogAthA ko dhvanita karanevAle eka zilAlekha kA ullekha zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekha saMkhyA 64 meM milatA hai jo nimna prakAra hai - aviddhakarNyAdika padmanandisaiddhAntikAkhyo'jani yasya loke / kaumAradeva- vratitAprasiddhirjIyAttuso jJAnanidhissadhIraH / / tacchiSyaH siddhAntAmbudhipArago zabdAmbhorUha - bhAskaraH candrAkhyo munirAja - paNDitavaraH zrI kuNDakundAnvayaH / isake anusAra mUla saMghAntargata nandigaNa ke prabhedarUpa dezIyagaNa ke gollAcArya ke ziSya aviddhakarNI aura kaumAravratI apUrva jJAna ke bhaNDAra padmanandi saiddhAntika nAmaka vidvAna hue jinakI loka meM advitIya prasiddhi hai, ve jayavanta hoN| unake ziSya N siddhAntasAgara meM pAraMgata, saccAritra ke dhAraka kulabhUSaNa nAmaka yati ke. sadharmA mahAna zabdAmbhorUhabhAskara nAmaka prathita tarka graMtha ke karttA zrI kuNDakuNDAnvaya ke munirAja paNDita pravara prabhAcandra hue / kulabhUSaNAkhyayatipazcAritravArAnnidhiH natavineyastatsadharmo prathitatarka granthakAraH mahAn / prabhA - isa zilAlekha se eka yaha tathya bhI suspaSTa hai ki prabhAcandra 'nyAyakumudacandra' aura 'prameyakamalamArttaNDa' jaise tarka graMthoM ke racayitA hone ke sAthasAtha 'zabdAmbhojabhAskara' nAmaka jainendra nyAsa ke bhI kartA the / yaha zilAlekha yaha bhI saMketa karatA hai ki prabhAcandra ke guru padmanandi saiddhAntika the jo aviddhakarNI aura kaumAra devavratI the jo dakSiNa bhArata ke nivAsI the / padmanandi se zikSAdIkSA lekara prabhAcandra uttara bhArata meM Akara dhArA nagarI meM nivAsa karane lage / yahA~ ve AcArya mANikyanandi ke samparka meM Ae aura unakA ziSyatva svIkAra

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jainavidyA 24 kiyaa| prabhAcandra ne svayaM ko mANikyanandi ke padoM meM rata batalAyA hai jisase unakA sAkSAt ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| prabhAcandra ne svayaM ko mANikyanandi ke padoM meM rata batalAyA hai jisase unakA sAkSAt ziSyatva prakaTa hotA hai| ataH yaha sambhava hai ki prabhAcandra ne jaina nyAya adhyayana apane dvitIya guru mANikyanandi se kiyA ho| 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' graMtha meM prabhAcandra ne mANikyanandi ko guru ke rUpa meM smaraNa karate hue unake hI padapaMkaja-prasAda se prameyakamala mArtaNDa kI racanA karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha tathya 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa meM kie gae maMgalAcaraNa se spaSTa hai, jo nimna hai - zAstraM romi varamalpatarAvabodho mANikyanandi pada paMkaja satprasAdAt / artha na kiM sphuTayati prakRtaM laghIyAM - llokasya bhAnukara vispharitAd gvaakssH|' prastuta maMgalAcaraNa meM prabhAcandra dvArA mANikyanandi (guru) ke caraNa-kamala ke prasAda se zAstra-racanA karane kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra se zimogA jile ke nagara tAlukA kA nimna zilAlekha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai jisameM zrI mANikyanandi ko 'jinarAja' batalAkara unheM mahimAmaNDita kiyA gayA hai - mANikyanandI jinarAja vANI prANAdhinAthaH prvaadimrdii| citra prabhAcandra iha kSamAyAM mArtaNDavRddhau nitarAM vyadIpi / ' arthAt mANikyanandi jinarAja kI vANI ke prANanAtha (zrI majinendradeva kI vANI para adhikAra rakhanevAle), paravAdiyoM (virodhiyoM) ke matoM kA mardanakhaNDana karanevAle (vAda-vivAda meM virodhiyoM ko parAsta karanevAle) prabhAcandra the| Azcarya hai isa pRthvI para mArtaNDa (sUrya) kI vRddhi meM candramA kI prabhA nirantara sannaddha rhii| prakAzAntara se isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki paNDitapravara prabhAcandra ne prameyarUpI kamaloM ko udbhAsita (vikasita) karanevAle mArtaNDa (sUrya) kA kArya kiyaa| arthAt unhoMne 'prameya- kamalamArtaNDa' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| __isI krama meM prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prazasti meM ullikhita nimna zloka dvaya uddhRta karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA jinameM prabhAcandra ne zrI mANikyanandi kI guru-rUpa meM vandanA karate hue svayaM ko zrI padmanandi saiddhAnta kA ziSya aura ratnanandi ke caraNa meM rata sUcita kiyA hai -

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jainavidyA 24 guruH zrInandimANikyo nanditAzeSasajjanaH / nandatAd duritaikAntarajA-jaina-matArNavaH / / zrI padmanandi saiddhAntaziSyo'nekaguNAlayaH / prabhAcandrazciraM jIyAdratnanandi pade rataH / ' 'prameyakamala mArtaNDa' kI isa prazasti meM graMthakartA prabhAcandra ne AdarabhAvapUrvaka apane gurudvaya kA smaraNa karate hue unheM aneka guNoM kA Alaya (bhaNDAra) batalAyA hai aura guru (mANikyanandi) ke caraNoM meM rata rahate hue unake pada-paMkaja prasAda se (atyanta durUha) graMtha kI racanA kii| graMtha kI prazasti kA nimna aMza yaha bhI dhvanita karatA hai ki prameyakamalamArtaNDa graMtha kI racanA zrI bhojadeva ke rAjya meM dhArA nagarI-nivAsI zrImatprabhAcandra paNDita ke dvArA kI gaI - zrI bhojadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparaparameSThipadapraNAmArjitAmala puNyanirAkRtanikhilamalakalaMkena zrImatprabhAcandrapaNDitena nikhila pramANaprameyasvarUpodyotaparIkSAmukhapadamidaM vivRtamiti / " arthAt bhojadeva ke rAjya meM dhArA nivAsI parApara parameSThi ke caraNoM meM praNAma karake nirmala puNyArjana se sampUrNamalarUpa kalaMka ko dhonevAle zrI matprabhAcandra paNDita ke dvArA nikhila pramANa-prameya ke svarUpa ko prakAzita karanevAle parIkSAmukha kI yaha TIkA hai| - isase zrI prabhAcandra dvArA racita vaidUSyapUrNa kRti kA AbhAsa sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta unake viSaya meM jo bhI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, jo uddharaNa milate haiM yA vibhinna sAkSya Adi upalabdha hote haiM unase yaha spaSTarUpa se jJAta hotA hai ki ve eka uccakoTi ke vidvAna, tarkabuddhi se paripUrNa, vilakSaNa pratibhA se sampanna, adbhuta kSamatAvAle aise vikhyAta manISI the jo samasta prakAra ke vAda-vivAda meM apane virodhiyoM ko parAsta karane kI adabhuta kSamatA rakhate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve tarka aura nyAya zAstra ke mahAsamudra meM tairakara prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra jaise durUha graMthoM kI racanA karane meM samartha hue| sAmAnyataH tArkika buddhi kI vilakSaNatA vidvAnoM meM sarvatra dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| inakI eka adbhuta vizeSatA yaha hai ki kisI bhI viSaya kA pratipAdana,

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jainavidyA 24 samarthana athavA khaNDana, jo bhI ho, pracura yuktiyoM se karate haiN| yaha inakI vilakSaNatA hai ki viSaya-pratipAdana zailI meM to ye tArkika haiM hI, cintana kI gambhIratA ke kAraNa dArzanika bhI haiM jisase pratIta hotA hai ki inhoMne vaidika aura avaidika darzanoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thaa| paNDita prabhAcandra ke kartRtva para jaba dRSTipAta karate haiM to unake dvArA nibaddha-racita aneka graMthoM, vyAkhyA, TippaNa, nyAsa Adi kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, jo nimna hai - prastuta Alekha meM prabhAcandra ke viSaya meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura yatra-tatra unake kartatva ke viSaya meM carcA kI gaI hai, usase yaha suspaSTa hai ki unhoMne sarvaprathama 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' (12,000 zlokapramANa) graMtha kI racanA kii| tatpazcAt unhoMne nyAyakumudacandra' kI racanA kI jo unake vaidUSya kI dhavala patAkA kI paricAyaka hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI antima prazasti meM 'bhojadevarAjye' ullikhita hai, jabaki nyAyakumudacandra kI puSpikA meM 'zrIjayasiMhadevarAjye' likhita hone kA abhilekha milatA hai| dhArA-nareza bhojarAja kA samaya lagabhaga 1010-1053 tathA jayasiMhadeva kA rAjyakAla san 1065 ke Asa-pAsa kA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne devanandi pUjyapAda (464-524) ke dvArA racita vyAkaraNa graMtha jainendra mahAnyAsa para zabdAmbhoja bhAskara nAmaka graMtha jo apUrNa (lagabhaga sAr3he tIna adhyAya taka) batalAyA jAtA hai, kI racanA kii| isake atirikta amoghavarSa rASTrakUTa-nareza ke rAjyakAla (814-877) meM hue zAkaTAyana . dvArA racita vyAkaraNa sambandhI sUtra-graMtha para 'zAkaTAyana-nyAsa' nAmaka vyAkhyA ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM bhI unakI khyAti diga-diganta vyApI huii| DaoN. nemIcandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya ke anusAra prabhAcandra ne yApanIya saMghAgraNI zAkaTAyanAcArya ke 'kevalabhukti aura strImukti prakaraNoM' kI katipaya kArikAoM ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM uddhata kiyA hai| ataH prabhAcandra kA samaya navama zatAbdI se pUrva mAnanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hogaa|' zrI prabhAcandra dvArA eka prabandha likhita hone kA bhI saMketa prApta hotA hai jisakA ullekha nyAyakumudacandra kI prazasti meM nimna prakAra se milatA hai -

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jainavidyA 24 abhibhUya nijavipakSaM nikhilamatodyotano guNAmbhodhiH / savitA jayatu jinendraH zubhaprabandhaH prabhAcandraH / / zrI prabhAcandra paNDita dvArA zrI jayasiMhadeva ke rAjya meM 'ArAdhanA satkathA prabandha' nAmaka eka prabandha kI racanA kI gaI thI jo gadya rUpa meM nibaddha hai aura usakI prazasti meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai|" zrI paNDita prabhAcandra ke dvArA vibhinna graMthoM para likhita TippaNa graMthoM kI saMkhyA bhI kucha kama nahIM hai| unake dvArA likhita nimna TippaNa graMtha ullekhanIya ___1. AcArya kundakunda (I.pU. 8-44) ke paMcAstikAya (paMcAtthi pAhuNa) para 'paMcAstikAya pradIpa' aura 'pravacanasAra' para 'pravacanasAra saroja bhAskara' TippaNa grNth| 2. gRddhapicchAcArya umAsvAti (40-90 I.) ke tatvArthAdhigama sUtra' para devanandi pUjyapAda kI tatvArthavRtti ke viSama padoM kA saMkSipta artha-sUcaka TippaNa graMtha - 'tatvArthavRtti pd'| 3. zrI samantabhadrAcArya (lagabhaga 120-185 I.) dvArA racita 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' para 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ttiikaa'| 4. devanandi pUjyapAda dvArA racita samAdhitantra para 'samAdhitantra TIkA' / 5. AdipurANa ke racanAkAra jinasena (770-850 I.) ke ziSya guNabhadra dvArA racita AtmAnuzAsana para 'AtmAnuzAsana tilaka ttippnn'| 6. AcArya puSpadanta dvArA racita mahApurANa (965 I.) para 'mahApurANa TippaNa' / 7. padmanandi saiddhAntika ke graMtha kriyAkalApa para 'kriyAkalApa ttiikaa'| yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai ki kyA uparyukta sabhI TIkA-TippaNa graMthoMracanAoM ke racayitA prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke kartA prabhAcandra hI haiM? isa sambandha meM yahA~ yaha spaSTa kiyA jAnA ucita hogA ki tatvArthavRtti pada aura kriyAkalApa TIkA kI prazastiyoM meM TIkAkAra prabhAcandra ne svayaM ko zrI padmanandi saiddhAntika kA ziSya batalAyA hai| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki ina cAroM kRtiyoM -

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jainavidyA 24 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra, tatvArthavRttipada aura kriyAkalApa TIkA ke lekhakaracanAkAra prabhAcandra hI haiM / 27 isake atirikta yaha bhI eka dhyAna dene yogya tathya hai ki zrI prabhAcandra ne jisa prakAra prameyakamalamArttaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra evaM ArAdhanA - satkathA prabandha meM apane nAma ke pUrva 'paNDita' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai usI prakAra paMcAstikAya pradIpa aura samAdhitantra TIkA ina donoM TIkA graMthoM meM bhI unhoMne apane nAma ke pUrva 'paNDita' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai isase ina donoM graMthoM ke lekhaka eka hI ( prabhAcandra) hone meM koI sandeha nahIM honA caahiye| isake atirikta paNDita prabhAcandra dvArA likhita 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA' bhI asaMdigdha rUpa se unakI hI racanA hai, kyoMki eka to usameM samAdhitaMtra TIkA se zailIgata sAmya hai, dUsare ArAdhanA - satkathA - prabandha meM ullikhita kathAoM se zrAvakAcAra TIkA meM pratipAdita kathAoM meM bhI spaSTataH sAmya lakSita hotA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki zrI prabhAcandra dvArA praNIta kucha kRtiyoM / graMthoM meM unake nAma ke Age 'paNDita' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, kintu pazcAdvartI anya racanAoM / kRtiyoM meM unake nAma ke pUrva 'paNDita' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai jaisA ki unake dvArA racita 'AtmAnuzAsana tilaka' ke anta meM ullikhita hai ' iti prabhAcandrAcArya vircitN|' isI prakAra 'pravacanasAra sarojabhAskara' ke anta meM 'iti prabhAcandradeva viracite' aMkita pAyA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH gRhastha jIvanayApana karate hue usa gRhastha jIvanakAla meM unhoMne jitane graMthoM kI racanA kI unameM unhoMne apane nAma ke pUrva 'paNDita' vizeSaNa, jo vidvAna hone kA sUcaka thA aura jisakA prayoga karane ke ve adhikArI the, kA prayoga kiyaa| kintu kAlAntara meM unake dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt tyAgI jIvanakAla meM unhoMne isa vizeSaNa kA prayoga karanA ucita nahIM samajhA ho, kyoMki yaha vizeSaNa unake lie tuccha ho gayA hogA jisakI koI upayogitA unake lie nahIM thI / yadyapi prabhAcandra nAma ke ekAdhika vidvAnoM, graMthakAroM, TippaNakarttAoM, nyAsa lekhakoM ne jaina vAGmaya paramparA ko jyotirmAna kiyA hai, tathApi apane pANDitya aura vaidUSya kI jo amiTa chApa tarka aura nyAya - viSayapradhAna graMthoM - prameyakamalamArttaNDa tathA nyAyakumudacandra jaise durUha graMtha ke rUpa meM paNDita prabhAcandra ne chor3I hai aura

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jainavidyA 24 apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA jo paricaya apane se pUrvavartI gUr3ha, dArzanika, AdhyAtmika evaM saiddhAntika graMthoM - zabdAmbhoja bhAskara, zAkaTAyana nyAsa, paMcAstikAya, tatvArthavRtti, samAdhitantra evaM kriyAkalApa para bhASya, TippaNa, TIkA likhakara diyA hai tathaiva jinhoMne apanI lekhanI dvArA saMskRta gadya ke mAdhyama se kathA jaise lalita viSaya para bhI adhikArapUrvaka likhane kA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| aise paNDita prabhAcandra nizcaya hI adbhuta kSamatAvAle prakANDa vidvAna (paNDita) the / 28 Upara zrI prabhAcandra dvArA likhita jina graMthoM, kRtiyoM yA racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unake atirikta unake dvArA likhita kucha anya racanAoM ke sandarbha - ullekha bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| jaise - 1. Adi purANa ( racanA 838 ) ke prArambha meM pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa karate hue senasaMghIya zrI jinasenAcArya ( 770-850) ne eka kavi AcArya ke rUpa meM prabhAcandra ke prati nimna prakAra se bahumAna prakaTa kiyA hai. - candrAMzu zubhrayazasaM prabhAcandrakaviM stuve / kRtvA candrodayaM yena zazvadAhlAditaM jagat / / candrodayakRtastasya yaza kena na zasyate / yadA kalpamanAglAni satAM zekharatAM gatam // 12 arthAt candramA kI kiraNoM ke samAna zveta yaza ke dhAraka prabhAcandra kavi kA stavana karatA hU~ jinhoMne candrodaya kI racanA karake saMsAra ko AlhAdit kiyaa| candrodaya kI racanA karanevAle una prabhAcandra ke kalpAnta kAla taka sthira rahanevAle tathA sajjanoM ke mukuTa bhUta yaza kI prazaMsA kauna nahIM karatA ? arthAt sabhI karate haiN| 2. harivaMza purANa ( racanAkAla 783) ke nimna zloka meM prabhAcandra ke ujjvala yaza kI carcA karate hue unheM kumArasena kA ziSya batalAyA hai AkUpAraM yazo loke prabhAcandrodayajjvalam / guroH kumArasenasya vicakhyajitAtmakam / 3. zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha (lagabhaga zaka saM. 522 arthAt 600 I.) meM ullikhita AcArya prabhAcandra jo bhadrabAhu zrutakevali (lagabhaga 350 I. pU.) ke ziSya rAjA candragupta rahe batalAe jAte haiN| 14

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jainavidyA 24 4. vRhad prabhAcandra jinhoMne umAsvAmi ke mUla tatvArtha sUtra ke sUtroM kA saMkSiptIkaraNa karate hue dasa adhyAyoM meM zatAdhika sUtroM meM tatvArtha sUtra kI racanA kI thii| yadyapi isa sUtra graMtha meM pUjyapAda aura akalaMkadeva Adi ke AdhAra para yatra-tatra parivartana-parivardhana bhI kiyA gayA batalAyA jAtA hai| ina prabhAcandra kA samaya umAsvAmI (40-90 I.) ke uparAnta hI sambhava hai|' 5. arhatpravacana ke kartA prabhAcandra jinhoMne ukta bRhad prabhAcandra ke tatvArtha sUtra ke adhyayana ke uparAnta ukta arhatpravacana graMtha kI racanA pA~ca adhyAyoM - 84 sUtroM meM kI batalAI jAtI hai| zrI akalaMkadeva (625-673 I.) dvArA apane graMtha tatvArtha rAjavArtika 5.38 meM 'uktaM ca arhatpravacane' likhakara 'arhatpravacana' graMtha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo kadAcit prabhAcandra dvArA likhita ukta graMtha hI ho| 6. devanandi pUjyapAda (465-524 I.) dvArA likhita 'jainendra mahAnyAsa' meM eka ullekha 'rAtreH kRti prabhAcandrasya' ke antargata prabhAcandra ko sandarbhita kiyA gayA hai|" ____7. AcArya vinayanandi, jo paraluru ke nivAsI the, ke ziSya prabhAcandra kA ullekha milatA hai jinheM rAjA kIrtivarmA prathama (zaka saM. 489 yAne 567 I.) ne dAna diyA thaa| 8. prabhAvaka carita (1277 I.) ke racayitA zrI prabhAcandra sUri / " 9. senagaNa ke bhaTTAraka bAlacandra ke ziSya bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra jinakA samaya 12vIM zatI I. anumAnita hai|20 10. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke ziSya bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra jo camatkArI kArya karane ke lie prasiddha the| ___11. dillI ke bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya prabhAcandra (1479-1529 I.) jo vi.saM. 1571 (1514 I.) meM dillI ke bhaTTAraka bane aura bAda meM jinhoMne apanI gaddI cittaur3a sthAnAntarita kii| 'SaT-tarka-tArkikacUr3AmaNi', 'vAdimadakuddala' aura 'abuddha pratibodhaka' Adi vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta ina bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ko aneka graMthoM kI pratilipiyA~ karavAkara graMtha-saMrakSaNa kA kArya karane kA zreya hai|2 12. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra / 23

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jainavidyA 24 DaoN. nemIcandra zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya ne zrImatprabhAcandra dvArA likhita nimna graMthoM-kRtiyoM kA ullekha nirvivAda mAnate hue kiyA hai24 - 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa - parIkSAmukha-vyAkhyA 2. nyAyakumudacandra - laghIyastraya-vyAkhyA 3. tatvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa - sarvArthasiddhi-vyAkhyA 4. zAkaTAyana nyAsa - zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa-vyAkhyA 5. zabdAmbhoja bhAskara - jainendra vyAkaraNa-vyAkhyA 6. pravacanasAra saroja bhAskara - pravacanasAra-vyAkhyA 7. gadya kathA koSa - svataMtra racanA 8. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA 9. samAdhitaMtra TIkA 10. kriyAkalApa TIkA 11. AtmAnuzAsana TIkA 12. mahApurANa TippaNa zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kI prastAvanA meM 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' kI TIkA aura 'samAdhitaMtra' kI TIkA ko prastuta prabhAcandra dvArA racita nahIM mAnakara kisI anya prabhAcandra kI racanAe~ mAnA hai| kintu ratnakaraNDa TIkA aura samAdhitaMtra kI TIkA meM prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra kA ekasAtha viziSTa zailI meM ullekha honA isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki ye donoM TIkAe~ prasiddha prabhAcandra kI haiN| jaise - "tadalamatiprasaMgena prameyakamalamArtaNDe nyAyakumudacandre prpNctHprruupnnaat|" - ratnakaraNDa TIkA, pRSTha 6 "yaipunaryogasAMkhyairmuktau tatpracyutirAtmano'bhyupagatA te prameyakamalamArtaNDe nyAyakumudacandre ca mokSavicAre vistarataH prtyaakhyaataaH|" - samAdhitaMtra TIkA, pRSTha 15

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jainavidyA 24 uparyukta donoM uddharaNa-avataraNa prabhAcandra kRta 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' ke nimna uddharaNa se pUrNataH milate haiM - "tadAtmakatvaM cArthasya acchakSato'numAnAdezca yathA siddhayati tathA prameyakamalamArtaNDe nyAyakumudacandre ca prarUpitamiha drssttvym|" isake atirikta prabhAcandra dvArA kRta gadyakathA koza meM pAI jAnevAlI aMjana cora Adi kI kathAe~ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-gata kathAoM se pUrNataH milatI haiN| ataH niHsaMdeha ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra aura samAdhitaMtra kI TIkAe~ prastuta zrI paNDita prabhAcandra dvArA racita hI haiN| isI prakAra kriyAkalApa ke TIkAkAra bhI paNDita prabhAcandra hI haiN| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki kriyAkalApa kI TIkA kI eka hastalikhita prati bambaI ke sarasvatI bhavana meM vidyamAna hai| isa prati kI prazasti meM kriyAkalApa TIkA ke racayitA prabhAcandra ke guru kA nAma padmanandi saiddhAntika kA ullekha hai| prazasti padya nimna hai - vande mohatamovinAzanapaTustrailokyadIpaprabhuH saMsRdurtisamanvitasya nikhilasnehasya saMzoSakaH / siddhAntAdisamastazAstrakiraNaH zrI pagranandiprabhuH tacchiSyAtprakaTArthatAM stutipada prAptaM prbhaacndrtH|| isI prakAra uparyukta anya kRtiyA~ bhI asaMdigdha rUpa se zrI prabhAcandra dvArA racita haiN| ___zrI prabhAcandra ke kAla ke viSaya meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne DaoN. pAThaka, zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI, Adi vidvAnoM ke vicAroM kA maMthana kara vibhinna sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para paNDita prabhAcandra kI pUrvAvadhi 940 I. san aura uttarAvadhi 1100 I. san mAnA hai, jabaki nyAyAcArya paNDita mahendrakumArajI ne aneka puSTa pramANoM ke AdhAra para I. san 980 se 1065 I. san taka svIkAra kiyA hai jo adhika tarka-saMgata pratIta hotA hai| 1. prameyaratnAmAlAlaMkAra 2. vahI 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1 (zilAlekha 55/69, padya 17 va 18)

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jainavidyA 24 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1, pRSTha 29/2 (zravaNabelagola se prApta zilAlekha-40) 5. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, maMgalAcaraNa, padya-2 6. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-3, zilAlekha-667 7. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, prazasti pada 3-4 8. prameyakamalamArtaNDa (nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI 1941, antima prazasti) 9. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR. 49 10. nyAyakumudacandra, prazasti 11. zodhAdarza (37) 12. AdipurANa, prathama parva, zloka 47-48 13. harivaMzapurANa, 1.38 14. zodhAdarza (37), mArca 1999, pR. 33 15. vahI (37) mArca, 1999, pR 38 16. vahI 17. vahI 18. vahI 21. vahI 22. vahI 23. vahI 24. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR. 50 25. vahI nidezaka jainAyurveda anusaMdhAna kendra rAjIva kAmpleksa galI iTArasI-461111 (ma.pra.)

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 33 eka meM aneka : virATa vyaktitva ke dhanI AcArya prabhAcandra - - DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala pratyeka vyakti kI apanI koI / kucha vizeSatA hotI hai jo use dUsaroM se bhinna siddha karatI hai| yahI vizeSatA usakA vyaktitva banatA hai| jainadharma ke sAhityAkAza meM aneka AcAryoM ne vividha anuyogoM ke sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| kucha ne mUla racanAe~ kI haiM to kisI ne una racanAoM kI TIkAe~ - bhASya likhe / kahIM-kahIM ye TIkAe~ evaM bhASya mUla racanAoM jaise bahuzruta hue haiN| AcArya prabhAcandra eka aise anokhe, anupama AcArya haiM jinameM aneka AcAryoM ke vyaktitva samAe hue haiM tathA unakI kRtiyA~ jo bhASya haiM, ve svataMtra grantha jaise prasiddha hue / isaprakAra 'eka meM aneka' kI yukti unhoMne caritArtha kI hai| Apane nyAya, vyAkaraNa, adhyAtma, siddhAnta, kriyA, kathA, prathamAnuyoga Adi sabhI kSetroM meM pramANika evaM vizeSajJa ke rUpa meM apanI lekhanI calAI jinameM jainettara granthoM ke sahasroM saMdarbha de apane viziSTa vaidUSya ko prakaTa kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda, AcArya samantabhadra, umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva, guNabhadra, mAnikyanaMdi, puSpadaMta Adi sabhI bhAskara (sUrya)) - svarUpa Alokita karanevAle jainAcAryoM ne Apake hRdaya aura buddhi ko prakAzita kara rakhA thA, jisake kAraNa AcArya prabhAcandra ne jo bhI bhASya yA anya kRtiyA~ sRjIM, sabhI ke nAma ke sAtha 'bhAskara' yA 'candra' zabdoM kA prayoga avazya

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jainavidyA 24 kiyA, jaise - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pravacanasAra saroja bhAskara, zabdAmbhoja bhAskara evaM nyAyakumudacandra aadi| yaha unakI kalpanA zakti kI vilakSaNatA hai| paricaya ___ niHspRhI jainAcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ hI unakA paricaya banatI haiN| jainAcArya svaparicaya dene kI bhAvanA se virata rhe| isa kAraNa unakA vistRta paricaya prApta karanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| unakI racanAoM meM unake guru-ziSya evaM rAjAoM ke nAma yA zilAlekhoM meM unakA ullekha avazya milatA hai, jisase unakA saMkSipta paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra isake apavAda nahIM haiN| ve mUla saMgha ke antargata sthApita nandigaNa kI AcArya paramparA meM dakSiNa bhArata meM utpanna hue the| AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa', 'nyAyakumudacandra' Adi kI prazasti meM 'padmanandi siddhAnta' ko apanA guru likhA hai| zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekha kramAMka 40 meM gollAcArya ke ziSya padmanandi saiddhAntika kA ullekha hai| isI zilAlekha meM prathita tarka granthakAra aura zabdAmbhoruha bhAskara prabhAcandra kA ziSya rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| ye donoM vizeSaNa yaha batAte haiM ki AcArya prabhAcandra 'nyAyakumudacandra' aura 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' jaise tarkagranthoM ke sRjaka hone ke sAtha hI 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' nAmaka jainendra nyAsa ke bhI sRjaka the| isa zilAlekha meM padmanandi saiddhAntika ko 'aviruddhakaraNa' aura 'kaumAra devavratI' likhA hai| isase yaha vyakta hotA hai ki padmanandi saiddhAntika ne karNavedha hone ke pahile hI jinezvarI dIkSA dhAraNa karalI hogI aura isIlie ve 'kaumAra devavratI'' kahe jAte the| isa prakAra mUla saMgha ke aMtargata naMdigaNa ke prabhedarUpa dezIgaNa ke zrI gollAcArya ke ziSya AcArya padmanandi the, unake praziSya AcArya prabhAcandra the| prabhAcandra ke sadharmA muni zrI kulabhUSaNa the| kulabhUSaNa munirAja bhI siddhAnta zAstroM ke pAragAmI aura cAritra sAgara the| isa zilAlekha meM muni kulabhUSaNa kI ziSya- paramparA kA varNana hai, jo dakSiNa deza meM huI thii| AcArya prabhAcandra dIkSAguru se dIkSA-zikSA lekara uttara bhArata kI prasiddha dhArmika nagarI dhArA-nagarI meM cale aaye| kahate haiM ki yahIM para Apa AcArya mANikyanandi ke samparka meM aaye| AcArya prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prazasti meM 'guruH zrI nandimANikyo nanditAzeSasajjanaH' (zloka 3) kahakara unheM guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki (sva.) paNDita mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya ne isa viSaya meM

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35 jainavidyA 24 kucha bhI nahIM likhA jabaki DaoN. darabArIlAlajI koThiyA ne jaina nyAya kI bhUmikA' meM mANikyanandi ko prabhAcandra kA nyAyavidyA-guru batAyA hai| isa sambandha meM sUkSma anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| usa samaya dhArA nagarI ke rAjA bhoja the| ve dhArAdhIza bhoja ke dvArA pUjya evaM sammAna prApta the| parIkSAmukha kI suprasiddha dArzanika TIkA prameyakamala-mArtaNDa grantha dhArAnagarI meM rAjA bhoja ke kAla meM banAyA gayA thaa| jaisA ki usakI antima prazasti - 'zrIbhojadevarAjye dhArAnivAsinA' se jJAta hotA hai| rAjA bhoja ke bAda usakA uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha deva huaa| nyAyakumudacandra, ArAdhanA gadya kathAkoza aura mahApurANa Adi kI antima prazastiyoM - 'zrIjayasiMhadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA' se jJAta hotA hai ki ina granthoM kI racanA zrI jayasiMhadeva ke rAja-kAla meM huii| isaprakAra AcArya prabhAcandra kA kAryakSetra dhArA nagarI rhaa| rAjA bhoja ke samaya ke do dAna patra samvat 1076 (I. 1019) evaM 1079 (I. 1022) mile haiN| zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekha kramAMka 55 meM mUlasaMgha ke dezIgaNa ke devendra saiddhAntadeva kA ullekha hai| inake ziSya caturmukha deva aura caturmukha deva ke ziSya gopanandi the| ina gopanandi ke sadharmA eka prabhAcandra kA varNana padya saMkhyA 17 evaM 18 meM AyA hai| ina zlokoM meM varNita prabhAcandra dhArAdhIza bhojarAja ke dvArA pUjya the| nyAyarUpa kamala-samUha (prameya kamala) ke dinamaNi (mArtaNDa) the, zabdarUpa abja (zabdAmbhoja) ke vikAsa karane ko rodomaNi (bhAskara) ke samAna the| paNDitarUpI kamaloM ko praphullita karanevAle sUrya the, rudravAdi gajoM ko vaza karane ke lie aMkuza ke samAna the tathA caturmukhadeva ke ziSya the| ___ kyA zilAlekha meM varNita prabhAcandra aura padmanandi saiddhAnta ke ziSya, prathitatarka granthakAra evaM zabdAmbhoja bhAskara prabhAcandra eka hI vyakti haiM? suprasiddha nyAyAcArya (sva.) paNDita DaoN. mahendrakumArajI ne isa prazna kA uttara 'hA~' meM diyA hai| isameM gururUpa meM caturmukhadeva kA nAma AyA hai| DaoN. jaina ke anusAra caturmukhadeva dvitIya guru yA gurusama hoM, aura dhArAnagarI meM Ane ke bAda dezIyagaNa ke AcArya caturmukhadeva ko guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA ho! parantu yaha sunizcita hai ki AcArya prabhAcandra ke Adya guru padmanandi saiddhAntika deva hI haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa' kI prazasti isa prakAra hai - zrI bhojadevarAjye .... zrImatprabhAcandra paNDitena ........ vivRtmiti'| ukta prazasti evaM ukta zilAlekha naM 55 meM 'paNDita' zabda kA upayoga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki ve gRhastha the; parantu ArAdhanA gadya koSa kI 89vIM kathA meM, granthAnta meM tathA prazasti meM 'bhaTTAraka' likhA hai| ataH jAna par3atA hai ki ye jIvana ke uttara kAla meM muni hue hoNge| .. samaya-nirNaya ___ AcArya prabhAcandra ke samaya ke sambandha meM kaI mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| zrI paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ne nyAyakumudacandra prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA meM inakA samaya I. 950 se 1020 nirdhArita kiyA hai| zrI paNDita DaoN. mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prastAvanA meM inakA samaya I. 980 se 1065 taka nirdhArita kiyA hai| zrI paNDita DaoN. darabArIlAlajI koThiyA nyAyAcArya ne 'jaina nyAya kI bhUmikA' meM inakA samaya 1043 I. likhA hai| ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama samvat kI 11vIM zatAbdI rahA hai| rAjA bhoja kA bhI yahI samaya hai| prabhAcandra kI viziSTatA AcArya prabhAcandra viziSTa pratibhA ke dhanI the| ve saMskRta ke prakAMDa vidvAna, dArzanika aura siddhAnta-zAstroM ke jJAtA the| unhoMne prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra jaisI prameya-bahula kRtiyoM kI racanA kara jaina-jainetara darzana para apanI viziSTatA evaM pramANikatA siddha kI hai| unhoMne kisI bhI viSaya kA samarthana yA khaNDana pracura yuktiyoM sahita kiyA hai| ve tArkika, dArzanika aura sahRdaya vyaktitva ke dhanI rahe haiN| jainAgama kI sabhI vidhAoM para unakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| prabhAcandra kA jJAna gambhIra aura agAdha thaa| smaraNa-zakti bhI tIvra thii| unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke alAvA bhAratIya darzana ke anya mahattvapUrNa grantha veda, upaniSad, smRti, purANa, mahApurANa, vaiyAkaraNa, sAMkhya-yoga, vaizeSika-nyAya, pUrva mImAMsA, uttara mImAMsA, bauddha darzana evaM zvetAmbara granthoM Adi saikar3oM granthoM ke uddharaNa, sUktiyA~ dekara apane agAdha vaiduSya kA paricaya diyA hai| mAgha kavi ke zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya, mahAkavi vANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI, bauddhAcArya azvaghoSa ke saundarananda mahAkAvya evaM yAjJavalkya smRti Adi ke aneka uddharaNa Apane

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jainavidyA 24 37 apanI racanAoM meM diye haiN| prabhAcandra vyAkaraNa zAstra ke bhI viziSTa jJAtA the| unheM pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kA talasparzI jJAna thaa| prabhAcandra zuSka dArzanika aura tArkika hI nahIM the, unheM jIvanopayogI Ayurveda kA bhI jJAna thaa| unhoMne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM badhiratA evaM anya karNa rogoM ke lie 'valAtaila' kA ullekha kiyA hai| nyAyakumudacandra meM chAyA ko paudgalika siddha karane hetu unhoMne vaidyaka zAstra kA nimnalikhita zloka pramANasvarUpa prastuta kiyaa| yaha zloka rAjanighaNTu meM kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai - AtapaH kaTuko rUkSaH chAyA mdhurshiitlaa| kaSAyamadhurA jyotsnA sarvavyAdhiharaM (kara) tmH|| - prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM naDvalodaka-tRNa vizeSa ke jala se pAda roga kI utpatti 'batAI hai| vaidyakataMtra meM prasiddha, vizada, sthira, svara, picchalatva Adi guNoM se vaizeSikoM ke guNa-padArtha kA khaNDana kiyA hai| kalpanAzIlatA prabhAcandra kalpanAzIla vyaktitva ke dhanI the| akalaMkadeva evaM anya AcAryoM ne vastu kI anantAtmakatA yA aneka dharmAdhAratA kI siddhi ke lie citrajJAna, sAmAnyavizeSa, mecakajJAna aura narasiMha Adi ke dRSTAnta diye haiN| prabhAcandra ne isake samarthana meM 'umezvara' kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| ve likhate haiM jaise - 'ziva' vAmAMga meM umA-pArvatI rUpa hokara bhI dakSiNAMga meM virodhI zivarUpa dhAraNa karate haiM aura apane ardhanArIzvara rUpa ko dikhAte hue akhaNDa bane rahate haiM usI prakAra eka hI vastu virodhI do yA aneka AkAroM ko dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| isameM koI virodha nahIM honA caahiye| yaha uddharaNa unakI gaharI vicArazIlatA aura kalpanAzIlatA darzAtA hai| udAtta vicAra evaM sarvodayI bhAvanA / ___tArkika prabhAcandra atyanta udAra vicAravAle the| ve vyakti-svAtaMtrya evaM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA ke prabala samarthaka the| Atmadharma dhAraNa karane meM jAti, varNa, gautra, vaMza Adi koI bhI bAhyatatva bAdhaka nahIM hai, aisI unakI mAnyatA thii| ekabAra prabhAcandra ne zUdroM ko jaina dIkSA dii| isase rAjapurohita bahuta kupita huA aura prakaraNa rAjA bhoja ke samakSa nirNayArtha phuNcaa| AcArya prabhAcandra ne janmajAta varNa-vyavasthA kI dhajjiyA~ ur3A dii| unhoMne kahA ki brAhmaNatva nityatva evaM brahmaprabhatva rUpa nahIM hai| varNa-vyavasthA

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jainavidyA 24 dharma-vyavasthA na hokara mAtra kriyA-AdhArita samAja-vyavasthA hai| yaha janmanA na hokara karmaNA hai| padmacaritra ke anusAra varNa-vyavasthA guNa-karma ke anusAra hai, yoninimittaka nhiiN| RSizRMga Adi meM brAhmaNa vyavahAra guNanimittaka hI huA hai| cAturvarNya yA cANDAla Adi vyavahAra saba kriyAnimittaka haiM (padmacaritra-raviSeNa, 11.198 se 205 shlok)| isI ke adhyAya 11 ke 20veM zloka meM vratadhArI cANDAla ko brAhmaNa kahA hai - 'vratasthamapi cANDAlaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH'| pUrvavartI AcArya jaTAsiMhanandi 'varAMga caritra' (25.11) meM likhate haiM ki - ziSTajana varNa-vyavasthA ko ahiMsAdika vratoM kA pAlana, rakSA karanA, khetI Adi karanA tathA zilpavRtti ina cAra prakAra kI kriyAoM se hI mAnate haiN| varNa-vibhAjana sAmAjika vyavasthA ke lie haiM, isakA anya koI hetu nahIM hai| jinasena AcArya ne AdipurANa parva 38, zloka 45-46 meM kahA hai ki jAti nAmakarma se to saba kI eka hI 'manuSya jAti' hai| brAhmaNa Adi cAra bheda vRtti arthAt AcAra-vyavahAra se hai| vrata-saMskAra se brAhmaNa, zastradhAraNa se kSatriya, nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamAne se vaizya aura sevAvRtti se zUdra hote haiN| ___ AcArya prabhAcandra ne kahA ki - jina-jina vyaktiyoM meM jo-jo guNa-karma pAe jAyeMge usI anusAra unameM brAhmaNa Adi vyavahAra hogA aura usI anusAra varNa-vyavasthA clegii| jainadarzana vyakti-svataMtratAvAdI hai, puruSArtha-vizvAsI hai| zUdra bhI isI janma meM apane puruSArtha se sarvocca munidIkSA le sakatA hai| isakI puSTi AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'nyAyakumudacandra' pR. 778 meM nimnarUpa se kI hai - ___ "kriyAvizeSayajJopavItAdicihnopalakSite vyaktivizeSe tadvyasthAyAH tadvyavahArasya copapatteH / tanna bhavatkalpitaM nityAdisvabhAvaM brAhmaNyaM kutazcidapi pramANAt prasidhyatIti kriyAvizeSa nibandhana evAyaM brAhmaNAdivyavahAro yuktH|" ___artha - jo vyakti yajJopavIta Adi cihnoM ko dhAraNa kare tathA brAhmaNoM ke yogya viziSTa kriyAoM kA AcaraNa kare unameM brAhmaNatva jAti se sambandha rakhanevAlI varNAzrama-vyavasthA aura tapa-dAna Adi vyavahAra bhalI-bhA~ti kiye jA sakate haiN| ataH Apake dvArA mAnA gayA nitya Adi svabhAvavAlA brAhmaNatva kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA, isaliye brAhmaNa Adi vyavahAroM ko kriyAnusAra hI mAnanA yukti-saMgata hai|

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jainavidyA 24 AcArya prabhAcandra ke ukta vicAra evaM tarka- yukti sunakara rAjA bhoja evaM purohitarAja niruttara hue| rAjA bhoja ne kahA ki zUdroM kI dIkSA se ciMtita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isase mAnava jAti kA kalyANa hogA / isa ghaTanA se dhArA nagarI ke sabhI jana harSavibhora hue / ' 39 ukta ghaTanA evaM vicAroM se AcArya prabhAcandra ke udAtta vicAra evaM sarvodayI bhAvanA kA jJAna hotA hai| vastutaH yaha jainadharma kA hArda hai jo sabhI jIvoM ko AtmakalyANa hetu AmaMtrita karatA hai| prabhAcandra kI kRtiyA~ AcArya prabhAcandra-kRta jo grantha prakAza meM Aye haiM unameM adhikAMza vyAkhyAtmakabhASya rUpa meM haiM aura kucha svataMtra grantha haiN| unakI kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : - 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa - AcArya mANikyanandi ne akalaMkadeva ke nyAyazAstroM kA gahana maMthana kara 'parIkSAmukhasUtra' kI racanA kii| isake chaha pariccheda meM 212 sUtra haiN| isakI viSaya-vastu pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa kA vivecana hai / AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhojadeva ke rAjya meM dhArAnagarI meM parIkSAmukhasUtra para vistRta vyAkhyAtmaka bhASya likhA jo 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' ke nAma se bahuzruta huA / jisa prakAra sUrya kA udaya hone para kamala-phUla vikasita hote haiM usI prakAra prameyarUpI kamaloM ko prakAzita karane ke lie yaha kRti mArtaNDa (sUrya) ke samAna hai| isalie isakA prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAma sArthaka hai| yaha jainadarzana aura nyAya kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai jisakA pramANa bAraha hajAra zloka hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne parIkSAmukha - sUtroM kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai sAtha hI tatkAlIna bhAratIya dArzanikoM evaM nyAyavidoM ke pakSoM evaM carcita viSayoM para anekAnta rUpa se pramANoM dvArA khaNDana karate hue jaina nyAya ko mahimAmaMDita kiyA hai| aisA karate hue unhoMne vaidika aura avaidika darzanoM ke granthoM se vAkya uddhRta kara apanI kRti ko vyApaka rUpa pradAna kiyA / isa kAraNa yaha bhASya hokara bhI svataMtra racanA jaisA maulika grantha bana gayA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne isameM aneka sambaddha viSayoM para vizada vivecana kiyA hai| unameM nimna viSaya paThanIya / mananIya haiM - bhUta -caitanyavAda, sarvajJatva vicAra, Izvara - kartRtva vicAra, mokSa - svarUpa vicAra, kevalibhukti vicAra, strImukti vicAra, veda - apauruSeyatva vicAra, naiyAyikAbhimata sAmAnya - svarUpa vicAra, brAhmaNatva jAtinirAsa, kSaNabhaMgavAda, vaizeSikAbhimata Atmadravya vicAra, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA Adi /

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40 . jainavidyA 24 paNDitapravara DaoN. mahendrakumArajI jaina nyAyAcArya atizramasAdhanApUrvaka 78 pRSThIya vistRta prastAvanAsahita sampAdana kara isa grantha kI gUDha-gambhIratA prakAza meM laae| DaoN. sAhaba ne isa prastAvanA meM pacAsa se adhika vaidika dArzanikoM, bauddha dArzanikoM, digambara-zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha evaM granthakAroM ke uddharaNoM kI samIkSA kara AcArya prabhAcandra ke kartRtva ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| 2. nyAyakumudacandra - AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kRta 'laghIyastraya' aura usakI svopajJavivRtti kI vistRta evaM vizada vyAkhyA 'nyAya-kumudacandra' nAmaka racanA meM kI hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke anurUpa nyAya-kumudacandra bhI nyAyarUpI kumudoM kA vikAsa karane ke lie candramA ke samAna hai| isakI racanA rAjA bhoja ke putra zrI jayasiMha deva ke rAjyakAla meM dhArAnagarI meM huii| isakA AkAra bIsa hajAra zloka-pramANa hai| laghIyastraya meM kula 78 kArikAe~ haiM aura tIna praveza haiM - 1. pramANa praveza, 2. naya praveza, 3. pravacana prvesh| pramANa praveza meM 4 pariccheda haiM - 1. pratyakSa pariccheda, 2. viSaya pariccheda, 3. parokSa pariccheda, 4. Agama pricched| naya praveza meM eka aura pravacana praveza meM do pariccheda haiN| isa prakAra laghIyatraya ke vyAkhyAkAra ne kula sAta paricchedoM para nyAyakumudacandra vyAkhyA likhI hai| pravacana praveza meM jahA~ taka pramANa aura naya kA varNana hai vahA~ taka prabhAcandra ne chaThA pariccheda tathA nikSepa ke varNana ko sAtavA~ pariccheda mAnA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhAratIya darzana ke samagra tarka sAhitya evaM prameya sAhitya kA maMthana kara bodhagamya zailI meM usakA sAra nyAyakumudacandra meM prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne vAtsyAyana, udyotakara Adi vaidika dArzanikoM aura dharmakIrti Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ke matoM kA nirAkaraNa unake granthoM ke AdhAra para apanI vilakSaNa tArkika zailI meM niSpakSa rUpa se kiyA hai aura jaina-dArzanikoM ke mata kI puSTi kI hai| vyAkhyA meM prakaraNa se sambandhita anya viSayoM kI pUrva-uttara pakSa ke rUpa meM carcA kI hai| isakI bhASA lalita evaM nirbAdhapravAha hai| prabhAcandra ne marmajJa vyAkhyAkAra anantavIrya aura vidyAnandi kA anusaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI racanA ke bAda prabhAcandra ke mAnasa meM jo navIna-navIna yuktiyA~ AyIM unakA nirdeza nyAyakumudacandra meM kiyA hai aura punarAvRtti TAlane hetu prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA saMdarbha de diyaa| nyAyakumudacandra meM prabhAcandra ne apane svataMtra prabandhanoM meM bahuta-sI maulika bAteM darzAyIM, jaise - vaibhASika-sammata pratItyasamutpAda kA khaMDana,

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41 jainavidyA 24 pratibimba vicAra tama aura chAyA dravyatva aadi| apane agAdha pAMDitya kI upekSA karate hue AcArya prabhAcandra ne apanI laghutA vyakta karate hue likhA - bodho me na tathA vidho'sti na srsvtyaaprdttovrH| sAhAyaJca na kasyacidvacanato'pyasti prabandhodaye / / artha - na mujhameM vaisA jJAna hI hai aura na sarasvatI ne hI koI vara pradAna kiyA hai| tathA isa grantha ke nirmANa meM kisI se vAcanika sahAyatA bhI nahIM mila sakI hai| apanI laghutA vyakta karanA nirmala pariNati ke jainAcAryoM kI viziSTa sahaja vizeSatA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra usake apavAda kaise ho sakate haiM? yahA~ jaina nyAya ke prasiddha mUrdhanya vidvAna DaoN. mahendrakumArajI jaina nyAyAcArya kA ullekha karanA samIcIna hogA jinhoMne atipratikUla paristhitiyoM meM anavarata zramasAdhanA evaM prakhara buddhi se apanI prathama sampAdita kRti nyAyakumudacandra kA janahitArtha prakAzana kiyaa| yaha do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huii| prathama bhAga kI 126 pRSThoM kI prastAvanA zrI paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI dvArA likhI gayI jabaki dUsare bhAga kI 63 pRSThoM kI prastAvanA svayaM DaoN. zrI mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya ne likhii| yaha unake vaidUSya evaM samarpita sAdhanA kI sUcaka hai| vastutaH AcArya prabhAcandra-samAna zrI paNDita mahendrakumArajI bhI nita-smaraNIya ho gye| 3. zabdAmbhoja bhAskara - jainendra vyAkaraNa para AcArya abhayanandi racita mahAvRtti upalabdha hai| isI ke AdhAra para AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' nAmaka jainendra vyAkaraNa kA mahAnyAsa banAyA hai| isakI racanA zrI jayasiMha deva (rAjya 1056 se) ke rAjya meM nyAyakumudacandra kI racanA ke bAda kI gaI hai| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM. 40 (64) meM prabhAcandra ke lie 'zabdAmbhoja divAkaraH' vizeSaNa bhI diyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai prabhAcandra hI 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' nAmaka jainendra vyAkaraNa mahAnyAsa ke kartA haiN| yaha nyAsa jainendra mahAvRtti ke bahuta bAda banAyA gayA hai| ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana (byAvara) meM isakI eka adhUrI prati prApta huI, jisake AdhAra se isakA paricaya huaa| isameM jainendra vyAkaraNa ke mAtra tIna adhyAya kA hI nyAsa hai| tRtIya adhyAya ke aMta meM nimna zloka AyA hai jisameM abhayanandi ko namaskAra kiyA hai namaH zrI vardhamAnAya mahate devanandine / prabhAcandrAya guravai tasmai cAbhayanandine / /

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jainavidyA 24 zabdAmbhoja bhAskara ke tRtIya adhyAya ke anta meM puSpikA vAkya isa prakAra hai - iti prabhAcandraviracite zabdAmbhojabhAskare jainendravyAkaraNamahAnyAse tRtIyasyAdhyAyasya caturthaH pAdaH samAptaH ||shriivrdhmaanaay nmH|| prabhAcandra ne abhayanandi-sammata prAcIna sUtrapATha para hI ukta mahAnyAsa banAyA hai| isake sambandha meM DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya kA mata jJAtavya hai - _ "vyAkaraNa jaise zuSka, zabda-viSayaka isa grantha meM prabhAcandra kI prasanna lekhanI se prasUta darzana zAstra kI kvacita artha-pradhAna carcA isa grantha ke gaurava ko asAdhAraNatayA bar3hA rahI hai| isameM vidhi vicAra, kAraka-vicAra, liMgavicAra jaise anUThe prakaraNa haiM jo isa grantha ko kisI bhI darzana-grantha kI koTi meM rakha sakate haiN| isameM samantabhadra ke yuktyanuzAsana tathA anya aneka AcAryoM ke padyoM ko pramANarUpa se uddhRta kiyA hai| pR. 91 meM 'vizvadRzvA'syaputro janitA' prayoga kA hRdayagrAhI vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| isa taraha kyA bhASA, kyA viSaya aura kyA prasanna zailI, haraeka dRSTi se prabhAcandra kA nirmala aura praur3ha pAMDitya isa grantha meM udAtta bhAva se nihita hai|" 4. tattvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa - brAhmaNakulotpanna AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'tattvArtha sUtra' para tattvArthavRtti (sarvArthasiddhi) nAmaka siddhAnta aura darzanaparaka TIkA likhii| isa tattvArthavRtti meM tattvArthasUtra ke pratyeka sUtra aura usake pratyeka pada kA nirvacana, vivecana evaM zaMkA-samAdhAnapUrvaka vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne tattvArthavRtti ke padapUraka yA grantha ke rUpa meM 'tattvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa' likhA jisameM tattvArthavRtti (sarvArthasiddhi) ke aprakaTa-viSama padoM kA vivaraNa yA spaSTIkaraNa hai| prabhAcandra ne vRtti ke kathana ko puSTa karane ke lie aneka pUrvavartI prAcIna evaM samavartI granthoM ke vAkyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| isa TippaNa meM prabhAcandra ne 'tattvArthasUtra' kI racanA kI preraka kathAnAyaka 'siddhayya' kA nAma hI diyA hai, kintu kathA nahIM dii| 'tattvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa' sarvArthasiddhi ke hArda ko samajhane meM upayogI aura pUraka hai| isa grantha meM aprakaTa padoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha hI anya aneka saiddhAntika gutthiyoM para vidvattApUrNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo AcArya prabhAcandra ko dArzanika ke sAtha hI uccakoTi kA siddhAnta-marmajJa honA bhI siddha karatA hai| isameM kaSAya-pAhuDa sahita pacAsa se bhI adhika Agamika granthoM ke uddharaNa haiN| kucha gAthAe~ aisI bhI haiM jo upalabdha granthoM meM anupalabdha haiN| pratyeka adhyAya ke TippaNa alaga-alaga haiM jo tattvArthasUtra ke sUtra kA nirdeza karake diye gaye haiM jisase use khojane meM kaThinAI nahIM hotii| pratyeka adhyAya ke TippaNa kI samApti para adhyAya kI samApti-sUcaka sandhi-vAkya diyA hai, yathA - 'iti prathamodhyAyaH smaaptH|'

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jainavidyA 24 isa TippaNa meM gommaTasAra grantha se aneka gAthAe~ uddhRta haiN| AcArya amitagati ke saMskRta 'paMca saMgraha' kA bhI eka zloka uddhRta hai jise AcArya amitagati ne vi. saM. 1073 (I. 1016) meM samApta kiyA hai| ataH isake bAda hI prabhAcandra ne ukta vivaraNa likhA hai| ___5. pravacana-saroja bhAskara - AcArya kundakundadeva-kRta 'pravacanasAra prAbhRta' kI TIkA hai yh| ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana, mumbaI meM isakI patrAtmaka prati hai, isameM 53 patra haiM - yaha saMvat 1555 kI likhI prati hai| isa prati meM AcArya amRtacandra ke dvArA pravacanasAra TIkA meM avyAkhyAta 36 gAthAe~ adhika haiN| AcArya jayasena ne 'pravacanasaroja bhAskara' TIkA kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai, yadyapi unakI TIkA meM do-tIna gAthAe~ atirikta bhI haiN| isa TIkA meM jagaha-jagaha uddhata dArzanika avataraNa-vyAkhyA- paddhati evaM sarala prasanna zailI yaha siddha karane ko paryApta hai ki yaha nyAya- kumudacandra ke racayitA prabhAcandra kI kRti hai| isa TIkA kA lakSya hai gAthAoM kA saMkSepa meM khulAsA karanA, ataeva TIkA meM gAthAoM kA kevala zabdArtharUpa vyAkhyAna hai| grantha kI avAntara sandhiyoM meM tathA anta meM yaha nAma pAyA jAtA hai| yathA - 'iti zrI prabhAcandraviracite pravacanasArasarojabhAskare zuddhopayogAdhikAraH smaaptH|' TIkA ati saMkSipta hote hue bhI vizada hai| abhI yaha aprakAzita hai| 6. paMcAstikAya pradIpa - AcArya kundakunda-kRta paMcAstikAya prAbhRta para bhI AcArya prabhAcandra ne TIkA likhI, jisakI vizeSatA 'pravacanasaroja-bhAskara' jaisI hai| isakI madhya kI sandhiyoM kA puSpikA lekha isa prakAra hai - yathA - iti zrI prabhAcandraviracite, paMcAstikAyapradIpe mokSamArganavapadArthacUlikAdhikAraH smaaptH|' paNDita zrI kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ke matAnusAra AcArya prabhAcandra ne samayasAra para bhI TIkA likhii| ina TIkAoM kA abhI taka prakAzana nahIM huA hai| ___7. dravyasaMgraha vRtti - 'pravacanasaroja-bhAskara' evaM paMcAstikAya pradIpa' kI zailI meM racita 'dravyasaMgraha vRtti' bhI prApta huI hai| paNDita zrI kailAzacandrajI ke matAnusAra yaha AcArya prabhAcandraracita hai| isameM pratyeka gAthA kA khaNDAnvaya ke sAtha saMskRta meM

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jainavidyA 24 zabdArtha mAtra diyA hai aura yatra-tatra AvazyakatAnusAra kucha vizeSa kathana bhI kiyA hai| ina TIkAoM meM prabhAcandra ne apane guru padmanandi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| zruta muni ne apanI 'prAkRtabhAva tribhaMgI' kI prazasti meM abhayacandra aura prabhAcandra ko 'zAstra-guru' batAyA hai| prazasti ke aMta meM prabhAcandra muni ko 'sAratraya nipuNa' (pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAya), 'zuddhAtmarata', 'virahita parabhAva' Adi kahA hai| DaoN. upAdhye inhIM prabhAcandra ko ukta tInoM TIkAoM kA kartA batalAte haiN| ina TIkAoM kI vyAkhyA zailI eka-jaisI hai| inameM diyA gayA eka bhI uddharaNa aisA nahIM hai jo prabhAcandra ke paravartI samaya kA ho| isa dRSTi se inheM dArzanika prabhAcandra kI kRtiyA~ mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| 8. mahApurANa TippaNa - mahAkavi puSpadanta ne apabhraMza bhASA meM mahApurANa (AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa) kI racanA san 965 I. meM kI thii| AcArya prabhAcandra ne tatvArthavRti ke samAna mahApurANa para bhI eka TippaNa grantha rcaa| yaha unakI sarvatomukhI pratibhA aura guNa-grAhakatA kA paricAyaka hai| mahApurANa ke isa TippaNa kI zloka saMkhyA 3300 meM batalAI gaI hai| isakA Adi maMgalAcaraNa nimna prakAra hai - praNamyavIraM vibudhendra saMstutaM, nirastadoSa vRSabhaM mahodayam / padArtha saMdigdhajana-prabodhakam, mahApurANasya karomi TippaNam / / iti zrIprabhAcandraviracita AdipurANa-TippaNakam paMcAsa zlokahInaM sahastradvaya parimANaM parisamAptA / / 'mahApurANa TippaNa' kI racanA zrI jayasiMhadeva ke zAsana-kAla meM huI, jaisA ki uttarapurANa ke aMtima puSpikA vAkya se siddha hotA hai| 9. kriyAkalApa TIkA - ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana, mumbaI se prApta isakI hastalikhita prati kI antima prazasti se spaSTa hotA hai jina prabhAcandra ne 'kriyAkalApa TIkA' racI hai ve padmanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| nyAyakumudacandra Adi ke kartA prabhAcandra bhI padmanandi saiddhAntika ke hI ziSya the, ataH 'kriyAkalApa TIkA' ke kartA prabhAcandra hI haiM, isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| prazasti-zlokoM kI zailI bhI prameyakamalamArtaNDa' Adi kI prazastiyoM se milatI-julatI hai| __10. ArAdhanA gadya kathAkoSa - saMskRta bhASA kI 'gadya kathAkoSa' AcArya prabhAcandra kI svataMtra kRti hai jisameM 89 kathAe~ haiN| isa kathAkoSa ke anta meM

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jainavidyA 24 45 'zrI jayasiMhadeva rAjye' likhA hai| gadya kathAkoSa aura prabhAcandra-kRta nyAyakumudacandra Adi ke prazasti-zlokoM meM pUrNa sAdRzya hai| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki gadya kathAkoSa AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA hI racita hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki grantha-samApti ke bAda bhI kucha kathAe~ likhI haiN| aura anta meM 'sukomalai sarvasukhAvabodhaiH' zloka tathA 'iti bhaTTAraka prabhAcandrakRtaH kathAkoSa samAptaH' yaha puSpikA lekha hai| aisA lagatA hai ki prabhAcandra ne prAraMbha kI 89 kathAe~ hI banAI hoM aura bAda kI kathAe~ kisI dUsare bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ne racI hoN| isa sambandha meM anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| 11. samAdhitaMtra TIkA - AcArya pUjyapAda-kRta 'samAdhitaMtra' adhyAtma viSayaka sundara racanA hai, isameM 105 padya haiN| isakI viSaya-vastu AcArya kundakunda ke paMca paramAgama ke granthoM se grahaNa kI gayI hai| isake aneka padya AcArya kundakunda-kRta padyoM ke rUpAntaraNa jaise pratIta hote haiN| isameM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana kara zuddhAtmA/paramAtmA hone kA upAya darzAyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne isa adhyAtmaparaka grantha para apanI lekhanI calAkara apane bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ko pradarzita kiyA hai| isakI racanA-zailI aura nyAyakumudacandra kI zailI samAna hai jo isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki yaha TIkA bhI AcArya prabhAcandra-kRta hai| AcAryakalpa paNDita jugalakizora mukhtAra inheM kisI anya prabhAcandra kI mAnate haiM jo puSTa pramANoM se siddha nahIM hotaa| ___12. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA - AcArya samantabhadra-kRta 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' caraNAnuyoga kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai jisameM 150 padyoM meM samyagdarzana-jJAnacAritra kA svarUpa batAte hue sallekhanA ko zrAvaka ke vratoM meM sammilita karate hue zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai| vyakti ko naitika dharAtala meM pratiSThita karA use dhArmika jIvanayApana ke sukhI hone kI vidhi isa grantha meM darzAyI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne apanI sarvodayI vicAraNA ke anurUpa samyagdarzana-yukta cANDAla ko deva-samAna ghoSita kiyA hai| sAtha hI mohI muni se nirmohI gRhastha zreSTha batAyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne AcAra viSayaka isa grantha para TIkA likhii| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kI TIkA tathA samAdhitaMtra kI TIkA meM prameyakamala mArtaNDa Adi meM prayukta viziSTa zailI kI samAnatA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki ye TIkAe~ bhI prasiddha darzanika prabhAcandra dvArA racita haiN| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki prabhAcandra-kRta gadya kathA koSa meM varNita aMjana cora Adi kI kathAoM se ratnakaraNDa TIkA kI kathAoM kA sadRzyapanA

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jainavidyA 24 bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| zrI mukhtArasA. ise kisI anya prabhAcandra kI mAnate haiM, jo apuSTa evaM asiddha hai / 46 13. zAkaTAyana nyAsa yApanIyasaMghAgraNI zAkaTAyanAcArya ne 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' nirmita kiyA thA / inhoMne kevalibhukti aura strImukti ke prakaraNa likhe haiM / AcArya prabhAcandra ne apanI TIkAoM meM ina donoM prakaraNoM kA khaMDana AnupUrvI se kiyA hai| nyAyakumudacandra meM strImukti prakaraNa se eka kArikA bhI uddhRta kI hai| zAkaTAyanAcArya ke 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa vyAkhyA' grantha ko zrI paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI dvArA AcArya prabhAcandra-kRta mAnA gayA hai / isa grantha meM maMgala zloka nahIM hai / sandhiyoM ke anta meM yA grantha meM kahIM bhI prabhAcandra kA nAmollekha na hone tathA uktAnusAra vicAra - virodhI hone ke kAraNa zrI DaoN. mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya isa TIkA ko AcArya prabhAcandrakRta nahIM sviikaarte| prabhAcandra ne apanI nyAya-grantha TIkAoM meM 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' se hI sUtroM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa se eka sUtra bhI uddhRta nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne apanI kisI TIkA grantha meM bhI isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA jaisA ki prAyaH ve karate rahe haiN| ho sakatA hai svayaM zAkaTAyana ne apane hI vyAkaraNa para nyAsa likhA ho / - 14. AtmAnuzAsana tilaka - 'AtmAnuzAsana' uttarapurANa ke racayitA AcArya guNabhadra kI sundara kRti hai / isameM bhartRhari ke 'vairAgya zataka' kI zailI meM racita 272 zloka haiN| yaha grantha jJAna aura vairAgya kA poSaNa karanevAlA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isakI saMskRta TIkA AcArya prabhAcandra ne kI hai / AcArya -kalpa paNDita ToDaramalajI ne isakI dezIbhASAmaya TIkA likhI / jaina samAja meM 'AtmAnuzAsana' grantha bahuta prasiddha hai / prApta AtmAnuzAsana tilaka ke anta meM nimna prazasti likhI hai - iti zrI AtmAnuzAsana ( naM) satilaka (kaM) prabhAcandrAcArya viracita (taM) smpuurnnm| 'svayaMbhU stotra TIkA' bhI ApakI mAnI jAtI hai jisakI puSTi honA zeSa hai / dakSiNa deza meM janme AcArya prabhAcandra uttara kI dhArAnagarI ko apanA karmasthala banAkara jinezvarI dIkSA anurUpa jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa tathA svAdhyAya, sAhityasRjana meM apanI AtmIka zaktiyoM kA upayoga karate hue amara ho gaye / unake kartRtva kI kIrti se unakI racanAoM ke sampAdaka evaM pAThakagaNa bhI apane Atma-vaibhava ke svarUpa ko samajhakara bauddhika pramANikatA sahita kRtArtha ho rahe haiM aura Age bhI hote rheNge| inake samakAlIna rAjA bhoja aura rAjA jayadevasiMha bhI apanI sahiSNutA, guNagrAhakatA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa prasiddhi prApta haiM, kintu unake dvArA nirmita bhavya mahala dhUsa - dhUsarita

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jaina vidyA 24 ho gaye / usa kAla ke jinamandira, Agama Adi bhI kAla-pravAha meM miTa gaye yA kisI vAstuvida ke jJAna ke zikAra ho gye| isake sAtha hI unake nirmAtAoM kI udAtta bhAvanAe~ bhI hiMsa bhAvanAoM meM lupta ho gyii| kintu vItarAga mArga meM niSThApUrvaka samarpita vyaktitva ihaloka meM svataH amaratA ko prApta haiM, jaise AcArya kundakunda, AcArya prabhAcandra Adi / jar3a ke Upara caitanya zakti kI yahI viziSTatA hai / isI kAraNa jinezvarI dIkSA bhI loka meM gaurava ko prApta hai| jJAnI bhavyajana isa rahasya ko samajhate haiM / 1. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha, bhAga - 4, pRSTha 383-386 ke AdhAra para saMkalita / 2. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha, 4.180 / 3. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 347 / 4. pATodI maMdira, jayapura kI prati / DOD 47 bI - 369, po. oN. - o. pI. ema. kaoNlonI, amalAI pepara milsa, amalAI (ma.pra.)

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nyAya * nizcitaM ca nirbAdhaM ca vastutattvamIyate'neneti nyaayH| - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1 - jisake dvArA vastu kA nizcita aura nirbAdha jJAna hotA hai use 'nyAya kahate haiN| arthAt jisake dvArA vastu-svarUpa kA samyak jJAna ho use 'nyAya' kahate haiN| * naya-pramANAtmikA yuktiyaa'yH| - - prameyaratnamAlA, pR. 4. TippaNI * pramANa-nayAtmako nyaayH| - nyAya pramANa aura naya rUpa hai (kyoMki vastusvarUpa kA samyak jJAna pramANa aura naya ke dvArA hotA hai|) * prmaannnyairdhigmH|1.6| - tatvArthasUtra - pramANa aura nayoM se padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| parIkSAmukha - yaha jaina nyAya-jagata kA prathama sUtragrantha hai| isake racanAkAra haiM AcArya mANikyanandi (11vIM shtii)| AcArya laghu anantavIrya (12vIM zatI) ne 'parIkSAmukha' kI TIkA kI jo 'prameyaratnamAlA' nAma se prasiddha hai| isa parIkSAmukha' para hI AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' nAma kI eka bRhad TIkA likhii|

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kavitA 24 jainavidyA 24 mArca 2016 mArca 2010 prabhAcandra nAma ke kucha jaina vidvAna - paNDita kundanalAla jaina jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM prabhAcandra nAma ke lagabhaga 20 vidvAna milate haiM para unakI prasiddhi hamAre lekha ke nAyaka prameyakamalamArtaNDa' tathA 'nyAyakumudacandrAdi' granthoM ke racayitA 'zrI prabhAcandra' se bhinna hai| nIce prabhAcandra nAma ke anya vidvAnoM kA saMkSipta paricaya dekara apane lekha ke nAyaka prabhAcandra kA vistRta vyaktitva evaM kartRtva para kucha rocaka sAmagrI prastuta kruuNgaa| sva. paNDita paramAnandajI ne apane itihAsa grantha meM kevala cAra prabhAcandroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko prAmANika tathA sampUrNa tathyoM se yukta banAnA bar3I Ter3hI khIra hai| hamAre AcAryoM-vidvAnoM tathA bhaTTArakoM ne itane vizAla sAhitya kI racanA kI hai jinako hamane, unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne surakSita nahIM rkhaa| kucha dhArmika unmAdavaza donoM saMpradAyoM ke vizAla sAhitya ko jalA diyA yA naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyaa| dUsare hamAre AcAryoM ne grantha racanA to kI para usameM apane bAre meM samaya, rAjya, guru, sthAna Adi aitihAsika tathyoM kI sarvathA upekSA kI hai| bar3e-bar3e ucca koTi ke * yaha sUcita karate hue duHkha hai ki isa lekha ke lekhaka aba hamAre bIca vidyamAna nahIM haiN|

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50 jainavidyA 24 AcArya vidvAna sva-paricaya likhane meM saMkoca karate rahe haiN| kundakundAdi AcAryaparamparA meM prAyaH sabhI zreSTha manISI vidvAnoM ne grantha samApta kara aitihAsika saMketoM ke viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM likhaa| Aja hama-jaise zodhArthI jaba unake viSaya meM likhanA cAhate haiM to paramukhApekSI rahate haiN| yadi koI prAmANika sAmagrI ekatra karate haiM to bahuta pApar3a belane par3ate haiN| tIsare, hama logoM kI upekSA ne aura presa ke vikAsa ne purAnI pAMDulipiyoM ko dImaka tathA sapheda kIToM ke bharose chor3a diyA jisase Aja hama 'gaMdhahastibhASya' jaise bahumUlya granthoM ke lie tar3apa rahe haiN| __ aba hama anya prabhAcandroM kA sAMketika paricaya dekara apane nAyaka ke vyaktitva aura kartRtva para kucha prakAza ddaaleNge| 1. sabase pahale una 'prabhAcandra ke viSaya meM jAnate haiM jo 'candragupta' nAma se bhI prathita the| jaba AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne ujjaina meM 12 varSa ke ghora akAla kI bhaviSyavANI kI to samasta saMgha uttara se dakSiNa kI ora gamana kara gayA aura vahA~ eka samRddha janapada meM tthhraa| inameM se AcArya prabhAcandra ne apanI Ayu ati alpa zeSa jAnakara kaTavapra nAmaka zikhara para samAdhi dhAraNa kara lii| zeSa saMgha Age bar3ha gyaa| yaha ullekha candragiri parvata kI pArzvanAtha vasadi ke dakSiNa ora ke zilAlekha meM aMkita hai| yaha tathya jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA ke 62 pRSTha para aMkita hai| yaha lekha lagabhaga zaka saM. 522 meM likhA gayA hai| arthAt samrATa candragupta AcArya bhadrabAhu se dIkSita ho 'prabhAcandra' nAma se vikhyAta hue, aisA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| 2. dUsare 'prabhAcandra' 'AcArya meghacandra' ke ziSya haiM jinakA ullekha candragiri ke savati gandhavAraNa bastI ke prathama maNDapa ke eka stambha para aMkita hai jo lagabhaga 1146 I. kA hai| yaha zilAlekha zlokoM meM hai - vidya-yogIzvarameghacandrasyAbhUtprabhAcandra, munissuziSyaH zumbhavratAmbhonidhipUrNacandro ni tadaNDatritayovizalyaH / / 43 / / traividyottamameghacandrasutapaH pIyUSavArAsijaH sampUrNAkSayavRttanirmalatanuH puSyaddhadhAnandanaH / trailokyaprasaradyazaH zuciruciH yaH prArthapoSAgamaH, siddhAntAmbudhivardhano vijayate'pUrvaprabhAcandramAH / / 44 / /

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jainavidyA 24 saMsArAmbhodhimadhyottaraNa karaNayAnaratnatrayezaH / samyagjainAgAmArthAnvitavimalamatiH zrIprabhAcandrayogI / / 45 / / sakalajanavinUtaM cArubodhanetram, sukarakavinivAsaM bhAratInRtyaraGgam / prakaTitanijakIrti divyakAntAmanoja, sakalaguNagaNendra zrIprabhAcandradevaM / / 46 / / inhIM prabhAcandra kI ziSyA zAntalAdevI thIM jo hoysala vaMza ke rAjA viSNuvardhana (viTTiAdeva) kI paTarAnI thiiN| inakA svargavAsa 1146 I. ke Asoja sudI 10, bRhaspativAra ko huA thA, usI kI smRtisvarUpa yaha zilAlekha likhA gayA thaa|' 3. tIsare 'prabhAcandra' 'AcArya caturmukha' ke ziSya the| inakA zilAlekha candragiri ke kattile bastI ke dvAra se dakSiNa kI ora eka prastara staMbha para aMkita hai jo lagabhaga zaka saM. 1022 meM arthAt 1100 I. meM utkIrNita kiyA gayA thaa| ye dhArAdhIza rAjA bhojarAja se sammAnita kiye gaye the| ye mUla saMghadezIya gaNa vakragaccha ke paNDita pravara the| ye dAkSiNAtya the| zrIdhArAdhipabhojarAja-mukuTa-protAzmarazmicchaTA, cchAyAkuGkamapaMkalipta-caraNAmbhojAta-lakSmIdhavaH / nyAyAbjAkaramaNDane dinamaNizzabdAbjarodomaNi, stheyAtpaNDitapuNDarIka-taraNi zrI mAnprabhAcandramAH / / 17 / / zrI caturmukhadevAnAM ziSyo'dhRSyaH pravAdibhiH / paMDitazrIprabhAcandro rudravAdi-gajAGkazaH / / 18 / / 4. cauthe 'prabhAcandra' siddhAntacakravartI zrI AcArya nayakIrti siddhAntadeva ke ziSya the, jo mUla saMgha, kundakundAnvaya dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha ke AcArya the| nAgadeva hegaDe nAmaka vyakti ne 'nAgasamudra' nAmaka sarovara aura eka udyAna banavAyA thaa| inhoMne apane guru nayakIrti Adi ke sAtha use unheM hI sauMpa diyA thA ki ve gomaTTadeva kI aSTa vidhi pUjana ke lie cAra gadyANa (tatkAlIna pracalita svarNa-mudrA) diyA kre| yaha ullekha (lagabhaga zaka saM. 1122 arthAt 1200 I.) vindhyagiri pahAr3I ke dakSiNamUla meM eka caTTAna para aMkita hai|' 5. pA~caveM 'prabhAcandra' dAmanandi traividyadeva ke ziSya the| yaha tathya zravaNabelagolA ke nagara jinAlaya meM uttara kI ora zaka saM. 1118 I. ke aMkita eka lekha se patA calatA hai|

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jainavidyA 24 6. chaThe, 'prabhAcandra' kulabhUSaNa AcArya ke ziSya the aura ve padmanandi saiddhAnti ke ziSya the, (zaka saM. 1085 - 1163 ii.)| tacchiSyaH (kaumAradeva) kulabhUSaNAkhya yti| . pazcAccaritra vArAnnidhissiddhantAmbudhipAragonatavineyastatsadharmo mahAna / zabdAmbhoruha bhAskaraH prathitatarka granthakAraH prabhA, candrAkhyo munirAja paMDitavaraH zrIkundakundAnvaya / / 16 / ' 7. bhAdrapada sudi 5, AdivAra, zaka saM. 1197 arthAt 1275 I. meM prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka deva ke ziSya AdiyaNNa ne gomaTTadeva ke nityAbhiSeka ke lie cAra 'gadyANa' (tatkAlIna pracalita svarNamudrA) kA dAna karAyA thA, jisameM eka 'honaM' (tatkAlIna mudrA) para eka 'hAga' (mudrA) mAsika byAja se eka balla (mApa) dUdha pratidina diyA jAnA caahie| ye sAtaveM 'prabhAcandra' haiN|' 8. AThaveM 'prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva' ne koGgallanareza addarAditya dvArA banavAye gaye caityAlaya kI pUjana heta tarigalani (grAma vizeSa) kI 42 khaNDagabhUmi dAna karAI thii| ye prabhAcandra 'ubhaya siddhAnta ratnAkara' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita the|' 9. nauveM 'prabhAcandra' bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya the| ye balAtkAragaNa dillI-jayapura paTTa ke AcArya the| inake samaya meM yaha saMgha aTera zAkhA aura nAgaura zAkhA meM vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| inakA samaya saM. 1571 se 1580 kA hai|' ___10. dazaveM 'prabhAcandra' bAlacandra ke ziSya the| kaMvadahalli ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai - AdAvanaMta vIryastacchiSyo bAlacandramunimukhya - statsunurjitamadanaH siddhAntAmbhonidhiH prabhAcandraH / / 2 / / ' 11. gyArahaveM 'prabhAcandra' zrI jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya the| trepana kriyA vinatI meM likhA hai - prabhAcandrasUri ema kahee jinasAsananI singaar| e vInatI bhaNe suNe teha ghari-jaya-jayakAra // 7 // " inakA samaya saM. 1500 ke lagabhaga hai|

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jainavidyA 24 __53 12. bArahaveM 'prabhAcandra' jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya the| sumatikIrti dvArA viracita 'dharmaparIkSArAsa' meM inakA ullekha hai| tasa paTTe paTTodhara jJAnabhUSaNa gururAya / AcArija pada Apayu tehanA praNamUM pAya / / teha kulakamala divasapati prabhAcandra ytiraay| inakA ullekha trailokyasAra-rAsa meM bhI hai, eka paTTAvalI meM bhI inakA ullekha hai|" 13. terahaveM 'prabhAcandra' AcArya padmanaMdI ke ziSya haiM jinhoMne 'zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra' nAmaka grantha racA hai, inakI dUsarI racanA 'varddhamAnacaritra' nAmaka grantha hai| isakI phAguna vadI saptamI (7) kI eka prati sUrata ke gopIpurA maMdira meM tathA IDara ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM vidyamAna hai| yathA - ahaMkAra sphArI bhava damita vedAnta vibudhoHllasatsiddhAnta zreNI kSapaNa-nipuNokti dyutibharaH adhItI jainendra'jani rajaninAtha-pratinidhiH prabhAcandraH sAndrodayazamitApadyativaraH / / 2 / / " 14. caudahaveM 'prabhAcandra' bhaTTAraka vAdirAja ke ziSya the jinhoMne 'jJAna sUryodaya' nAmaka nATaka mAgha sudI 8 saM. 1648 ko madhUka nagara meM racA thaa| yathA - tatpaTTAmala bhUSaNaM samabhavad daigambarIye mate / caMcadvarhakaraH sa bhAti caturaH zrI matprabhAcaMdramA / / __15. pandrahaveM 'prabhAcandra' ko bra. zrutasAgara ne muktAvalI vrata-kathA ke prathama maMgalAcaraNa meM namaskAra kiyA hai| yathA - prbhaacndraa'klNkessttvidyaanndiidditkrmaam| jIvanmuktAvalIM natvA vakSye muktAvalI vratam / / 1 / / 16. solahaveM 'prabhAcandra' ve the jo bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke pada para pratiSThita hue the| inake ziSya kA nAma dharmacandra thaa| paNDita jinadAsa ne 'holIreNukA caritra' kI prazasti meM saM. 1608, jyeSTha sudI 10, zukravAra ko uparyukta grantha ke anta meM prabhAcandra kA nAma diyA hai| yathA -

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jainavidyA 24 akAri granthaHpUrNo'yam nAmnA dRSTiprabodhakaH zreyase baha puNyAya mithyAtvApoha hetave / / 62 / / bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ziSyo yo vidyate bhuvi / aneka guNasampanno dharmacandrAmidho muniH / / 63 / / " 17. satrahaveM 'prabhAcandra' ve the jinhoMne 'paMcAstikAya pradIpa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| prazasti ke aMta meM likhA hai - sanmArgatatva vividhArtha maNiprakAzaH zrI matprabhendu racito na vidanta rarthya / jyotiprabhA-prahatamohamahAndhakAraH paMcAstikAya bhuvane jvalita prdiipH|| 18. aThArahaveM 'prabhAcandra' ve haiM jo bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti kRta 'yazodhara caritra' kI prazasti meM ullikhita haiN|16 19. bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti dvArA sthApita bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI - saMvat 1706 varSe jyeSTha sudI paMcamI divase ravivAsare zrI mUlasaMghAmnAye balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAnvaye bha. zrI padmanandi devAstatpaTTe bha. zubhacandra devAstatpaTTe bha. zrI jinacandradevAstatpaTTe bha. prabhAcandra devAstatpaTTe zrI devendrakIrti devAstapaTTe devendrakIrti devAstatatpaTTe bha. narendrakIrti devAstadAmnAye campAvatI nagara samIpavarte ca gAvi nAmni sthale zrI neminAthacaityAlaye mahArAjazrI jayasiMha rAjya pravartamAne bha. zrI narendrakIrtidevAbhiH paTTAvalI stambha, karmakSayArthaM kaaraayitaa| campAvatI zrAvakAnaM nitya-praNamati / zubhaM bhUyAta/kalyANamastu/varddhatAM jinazAsanaM / _17 paMktiyoMvAlA yaha paTTAvalI stambha Amera saMgraha meM surakSita hai| isameM bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA ullekha hai| inhIM kI ziSya-paramparA meM bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ne saM. 1716 meM ambAvatI (Amera) durga meM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha ke maMdira kI pratiSThA karAI thI jise mirjA rAjA jayasiMha ke mukhyamaMtrI mohanadAsa bhauMsA (bhA~vasA) ne banavAyA thaa| yaha vizAla zilAlekha bhI Amera saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| usameM bhI pA~cavIM paMkti meM prabhAcandra (prabhendu) kA ullekha hai| ataH bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra Amera paTTa ke pratiSThita bhaTTAraka vidvAna rahe haiM jinakA samaya saM. 1600 ke Asa-pAsa honA caahie| 20. bIsaveM 'prabhAcandra' 'vidya' zabda se alaMkRta the jo vIrapura tIrtha ke adhipati muni zrI rAmacandrajI traividya ke ziSya the| ye maMtravAdI the| cAlukya rAjya saM. 48 (1142) I.

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jainavidyA 24 55 - aba agrahAra grAma seDima ke nivAsI nArAyaNa ke bhakta the| cauMsaTha kalAoM ke jJAtA jvAlAmAlinI devI ke bhakta tathA abhicAra homa ke bala se kAMcIpura ke phATakoM ko tor3anevAle tIna sau mahAjanoM ne seDima maMdira banavAkara tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita karAI thI tathA maMdira para svarNa kalazArohaNa karAyA thaa| maMdira kI marammata tathA naimittika pUjA ke lie 24 pattara pramANa (mApa vizeSa) bhUmi, eka bagIcA aura eka kolhU dAna diyA thA, ye maddhupagaNa ke sUrya, samasta zAstroM ke pAragAmI maMtravAdI Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta the| jinapati matatatva rucirvaya pramANa pravINa nizcita mati, parahita cAritra pAtro prabhAcaMdra yatinAthaH / khyAtastravidyA para nAmA zrI rAmacandra muni tilakaH, priya ziSyaH traividya prabhendu bhaTTArako loke / / " inake atirikta aura kaI camatkArI prabhAcandra hue haiM jo kiMvadaMtiyoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| aba hama apane lekha ke nAyaka 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' Adi granthoM ke racayitA AcArya 'prabhAcandra' ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva kI carcA kreNge| ina prabhAcandra ko jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM vahI sthAna prApta hai jo samantabhadra svAmI aura akalaMkadeva ko prApta hai| ye ucca koTi ke udbhaTa vidvAn aura manISI haiN| nyAyavidyA ke vizeSajJa-marmajJa haiM aura khaNDana-maNDana meM niSNAta haiN| tarkazAstra kI bArIkiyoM se ye bhalI-bhA~ti paricita haiN| inakA samaya moTe rUpa se gyArahavIM sadI kA uttarArddha tathA bArahavIM sadI kA pUrvArddha A~kA gayA hai| AdaraNIya paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ina prabhAcandra kA samaya 950 se 1020 I. taka mAnate haiM, vahIM paNDita mahendrakumArajI 'nyAyAcArya' inakA samaya 980 se 1065 I. taka mAnate haiN| jabaki DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA ne 1043 I. ko inakA antima kAla mAnA hai| pAThako! 20vIM sadI ke udbhaTa vidvAnoM ne apane-apane pramANoM se uparyukta tithiyA~ nizcita kI haiM jo hama sabako mAnya haiN| ye prabhAcandra mUlasaMgha aura nandigaNa kI AcArya paramparA ke pratibhAzAlI pramukha AcArya the| isase anumAna hotA hai ki ye dAkSiNAtya the| una dinoM dhArA nagarI vibhinna viSayoM ke vizeSajJa vidvAnoM se alaMkRta thii| vahA~ ke nareza dhArAdhipati bhojarAjadeva dhArA nagarI ke zAsaka the aura vidvAnoM kA sammAna aura Adara kiyA karate the, ve svayaM 'lakSaMdadoM' ke zabdoM se alaMkRta the| koI bhI kAraNa ho ye prabhAcandra bhI dhArAnagarI meM A gaye the|

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jaina vidyA 24 rAjA muMja, rAjA bhoja tathA rAjA jayasiMha ke zAsana kAla meM inhoMne vizAla granthoM kI racanA kI thii| una granthoM meM gyAraha grantha TIkA - vyAkhyA ke grantha haiM, ve eka eka utkRSTa grantha haiN| yadyapi ye TIkA - vyAkhyA sahita grantha haiM para una granthoM kI mUla se kahIM ucca vivRtiyA~ haiM, apaneApa meM mUla grantha se jyAdA viziSTatA prApta haiM aura ye saba mUla granthoM kI apekSA svayaM meM eka sarvocca koTi ke grantha bana gaye haiM / 565 1. prabhAcandrAcArya kI sarvaprathama zreSTha kRti 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' hai jo dhArA- nareza bhojarAja kI rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI meM pUrNa huI thI / yaha mANikyanandi racita 'parIkSAmukha' kI vistRta - vizAla vyAkhyA hai| isakI samApti para aMta meM jo prazasti vAkya hai usase prabhAcandrAcArya, aura bhojarAja ke zAsanakAla kI sunizcita tithiyoM kA spaSTa jJAna hotA hai - " zrI bhojarAjadeva - rAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinAzrI prabhAcandrapaNDitena nikhila - pramANa- prameyaM svarUpodyota parIkSAmukha padamidaM vivRtamiti / " " zrI dhArAdhipa bhojarAjamukuTa protAram razmicchaTA-chAyAstheyAtpaNDita puNDarIka taraNi zrImAnprabhAcandramA / zravaNabelagolA meM prabhAcandra ke caraNa-cihna haiM jo rAjA bhoja dvArA pUje jAte the| 20 2. inakI dUsarI ucca koTi kI kRti bhaTTa akalaMkadeva dvArA viracita 'laghIyastraya' (78 kArikAoM) kI 'nyAyakumudacandra' nAmaka vizAla vistRta vyAkhyA vivRtti hai / nyAyakumudacandra kI eka prati meM nimna prazasti vAkya upalabdha hote haiM- "zrI jayasiMhadeva rAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsanA parAparaparameSThi praNAmopArjitAmala puNya nirAkRta nikhilamakalaGkena zrImatprabhAcandrapaNDitena nyAyakumudacandro laghIyastrayAlaMkAraH kRtaH iti maMgalam " / yaha jayasiMhadeva rAjA bhojadeva ke uttarAdhikArI dhArA-na - nareza the / yadyapi rAjA bhoja kA uttarAdhikArI unake putra vatsarAja ko honA cAhie thA / para kisI kAraNa vizeSa se itihAsa meM aura kahIM bhI vatsarAja kA dhArA- nareza ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM milatA, dhArAnareza bhojarAja ke uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha aura udayAditya hue / mAdhyAntara tathA paDherA ke dAna-patra meM saM. 1112 aura 1116 meM dhArA ke nareza aura bhoja ke uttarAdhikArI hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai para jaina sAhitya meM jayasiMha aura udayAditya kA kahIM bhI koI bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai /

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jainavidyA 24 ____57 _3. prabhAcandra kA tIsarA vizAla grantha 'tattvArthavRtti pada-vivaraNa' hai| yaha mahAgrantha zrI pUjyapAda viracita 'sarvArthasiddhi' kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai| ___4. 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' ke kartA zrI pAlyakIrti yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya the| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kA asalI nAma 'zabdAnuzAsana' hai| kucha dinoM ke bAda yaha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa nAma se prasiddha huaa| isI para prabhAcandra ne 'zabdAnuzAsana nyAsa' nAma se vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai jo mUla svataMtra grantha-jaisA mAnA jAtA hai| 5. AcArya kundakunda-racita 'pravacanasAra' kI vyAkhyA aura vistRta TIkA 'pravacana saroja bhAskara' nAma se vizeSa mUla grantha ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| 6. zrI pUjyapAdasvAmI-kRta 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' para prabhAcandra-kRta 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' (jainendra mahAnyAsa) grantha vyAkaraNa jagata kI sarvazreSTha vyAkhyA hai| - 7. 'gadya kathAkoza' meM 89 kathAe~ haiM jo saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI haiN| lagatA hai ina kathAoM ke bAda puSpikA hai jo lipikAra ne bhUlavaza likha diyA ho kyoMki ina 89 kathAoM ke Age bhI aura kucha likhA hai| ___8. apabhraMza ke kavi-samrATa zrI puSpadaMta dvArA racita mahApurANa' grantha para prabhAcandrAcArya dvArA 'mahApurANa TippaNa' grantha racA gayA hai| zrI puSpadanta ne mahApurANa kI racanA siddhArtha saMvat 881 meM zurU kiyA thA aura siddhArtha saM. 887 (965 e.DI.) meM samApta kiyA thaa| yaha 3300 zloka pramANa hai| (jisameM AdipurANa ke 1950 aura uttarapurANa ke 1350 zloka haiM) grantha dhArAdhipati jayasiMha ke samaya likhA gayA thaa| yaha TippaNa ke Adi maMgala meM likhA hai - ___ "praNamya vIraM vivudhendra saMstutaM prakaTa nirasta doSaM vRSabhaM mahodayam / padArthasaMdigdha janaprabodhakaM mahApurANasya karomi ttippnnm|" aMtamaMgala meM likhA hai - "samastasandehaharaM manoharaM prakRSTapuNyaprabhavajinezvaram / kRtaM purANaM prathame suTippaNam, mukhAvabodhaM nikhilArtha darpaNam / / iti prabhAcandra viracitamAdipurANe paMcAsazlokahInaM sahasradvayaparimANaM prismaaptaa|" uttarapurANa kI antima puSpikA nimna prakAra hai -

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jainavidyA 24 zrI jayasiMha-rAjye zrImaddhArA-nivAsanA parAparaparameSThi praNAmopamAjitamalaM puNya nirAkRtAkhilakalaMkena prabhAcandraM mahApurANa TippaNasya zatatrayAdhika sahasratrayaM (3300) parimANaM / 9. inhIM prabhAcandrAcArya kI 'kriyAkalApa TIkA' vyAkhyA ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana, bambaI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai| isakI antima prazasti nimna prakAra hai - 'bande mohatame vinAzana paTustrailokyadIpaprabhuH, saM sadgatiM samanvitasya nikhalaM snehasyaM saMzodhakaH zodhakA siddhAntAhi samasta zAstrakiraNaH zrI padamanaMdI prabhuH, tacchiSyAt prakaTArthatAM stuti padaM prAptaM prbhaacndrtH| 23 __ zrI mANikyanandi (parIkSAmukha) ke racayitA prabhAcandrAcArya ke vidyAguru tathA padmanaMdI saiddhAntika dIkSAguru the| ina kRtiyoM ke atirikta 10. samAdhitaMtra TIkA 11. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra TIkA 12. AtmAnuzAsana tilaka TIkA 13. svayaMbhUstotra ttiikaa| __14. paMcAstikAya pradIpa Adi kRtiyA~ ToDArAyasiMha (rAjasthAna) ke neminAtha maMdira meM saM. 1605 kI likhI vidyamAna haiM para yaha prAmANika rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye inhIM prabhAcandra kI haiM athavA kisI anya prabhAcandra kii| zodhakartAoM ke samakSa eka pramukha kArya hai ki ve zodha karake isakA nirNaya kreN| uparyukta granthoM ke kartA prabhAcandrAcArya ko prakRti ke prati bar3A anurAga hai| unhoMne sUrya, candra, kamala kamalinI-vAcaka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA pracura prayoga kiyA hai| kamalamArtaNDa, kumudacandra, ambhoja bhAskara, saroja bhAskara Adi zabda prakRti-prema ko darzAnevAle haiN| AcArya prabhAcandra kI prazastiyA~ hama yahA~ vistAra se nahIM de pA rahe haiM ataH jijJAsu pAThaka zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra dvArA saMpAdita 'jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha' ke nimna pRSThoM para dekheM, jaise - 1. zabdAmbhoja bhAskara kI prazasti, pR. 143 2. tattvArthavRtti pada prazasti, pR. 160 3. paMcAstikAya pradIpa prazasti, pR. 201

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jainavidyA 24 4. AtmAnuzAsana tilaka prazasti, pR. 201 5. ArAdhanA kathA prabandha prazasti, pR. 202 6. pravacana saroja bhAskara prazasti, pR. 203 ina prabhAcandra ko aneka jagaha 'paNDitapravara' zabda se aMkita kiyA hai aura kahIM 'AcArya prabhAcandra' zabda se alaMkRta haiN| hama una vidvAnoM ke AbhArI haiM jinake granthoM kI sAmagrI isa lekha meM dI gaI hai| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 79 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 118, bhUmikA, pR. 112, 133, 142 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 231 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 253 5. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 267 6. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 170 7. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR. 427 8. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, sampA. - zrI vidyAdhara joharApurakara, pR. 104-105 9. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, joharApurakara, pR. 8 10. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, joharApurakara, pR. 185 11. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, joharApurakara, pR.185 12. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, bhUmikA, pR. 21 13. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, 26 bhUmikA, pR. 23 14. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR. 66, bhUmikA, pR. 32 15. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR. 201 16. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR. 223 bhUmikA, pR. 112 17. jainijma ina iNDiyA, pR. 417 18. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR. 214 19. mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, 28vA~ puSpa, pA~cavA~ adhyAya, pR. 17 20. Political histry I No. v. Than India by Sh. Sorac Chandra, pR. 107 21. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR. 143 22. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga dvitIya, paNDita paramAnanda, pR. 286 23. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga dvitIya, paNDita paramAnanda, pR. 286 68, zruti kuTIra, yudhiSThira galI, vizvAsanagara, zAhadarA, dillI-32 000

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pramANa * svapUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / 1.1 / - parIkSAmukha - sva arthAt apane Apake aura apUrvArtha arthAt jise kisI anya pramANa se jAnA nahIM hai, aise padArtha ke nizcaya karanevAle jJAna ko 'pramANa' kahate haiN| - prameyaratnamAlA * hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato jJAnameva tat / 1.21 - parIkSAmukha - yataH (kyoMki) pramANa hita kI prApti aura ahita kA parihAra karane meM samartha hai ataH vaha jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| (jo jJAnarUpa nahIM hai vaha hita kI prApti va ahita ke parihAra meM samartha nahIM hai|) ____ - prameyaratnamAlA naya * anirAkRtapratipakSo vastvaMzagrAhI jJAturabhiprAyo nyH|6.741 - prameyakamalamArtaNDa - jisane pratipakSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai aura jo vastu ke eka aMza (dharma) ko grahaNa karatA hai, jJAtA ke aise abhiprAya ko 'naya' kahate haiN| vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| jJAtA vastu ke una ananta dharmoM meM se 'naya' ke dvArA mukhyarUpa se eka dharma kA vicAra karatA hai, kintu zeSa dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karake unakA bhI astitva svIkAra karatA hai, yahI 'naya' hai| vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai, isalie naya bhI ananta haiN| pramANa aura naya meM antara jJAnavizeSo naya iti jJAnavizeSaH pramANamiti niyamAt / ubhayorantarbhedo viSayavizeSAnna vastuto bhedaH / 1.679 / sa yathA viSayavizeSo dravyaikAMzo nayasya yo'nytmH| so'pyaparastadapara iha nikhilaM viSayaH prmaannjaatsy|1.680| - paMcAdhyAyI, paM. rAjamalla - niyama se naya bhI jJAna vizeSa hai aura pramANa bhI jJAna vizeSa hai| donoM meM viSaya vizeSa kI apekSA se hI Antarika bheda hai, jJAna kI apekSA koI bheda nahIM hai| naya kA viSaya dravya kA koI eka aMza vizeSa hai aura pramANa kA viSaya usa aMza vizeSa ke sAtha usake atirikta/bhinna zeSa saba aMza haiN| | arthAt pramANa sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka pUrI vastu ko ekasAtha jAnatA hai aura naya usake kisI eka aMza ko mukhya (zeSa ko gauNa) karake jAnatA hai|

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA pratipAdita pramANa : svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa __- DaoN. eca. sI. jaina bhAratIya darzana kI paramparA meM pramANa aura prameya ina donoM ke astitva ko sadaiva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prameya kI siddhi meM pramANa kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai, jise siddha karane ke lie prAyaH smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, Agama aura anumAna ko AdhAra banAyA jAtA hai| usI ke AdhAra para vastu ke svarUpa ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai| prameya kI vAstavikatA aura avAstavikatA ke lie bhI pramANa eka AdhArabhUta viSaya hotA hai| jisakI carcA pratyeka dArzanika ne kI hai| nyAya-vyavasthA - pramANa ko siddha karane ke lie jo AdhAra banAyA jAtA hai usameM parIkSaNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| pramANa ke dvArA artha kA parIkSaNa nyAya kahalAtA hai| jaina nyAyazAstra ko vidhi aura niSedha donoM dRSTiyoM se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jise sApekSa kahate haiN| nyAya-yuga kA vibhAjana - jaina darzana-paramparA meM Agama, siddhAnta aura nyAyazAstra kA apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usI ke AdhAra para nimna vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai -

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jainavidyA 24 1. Agama yuga aMga, upAMga Adi Agama meM jJAna aura darzana kI vizuddha carcA hai, usameM sAkAra aura anAkAra dRSTiyA~ haiM / vidhi aura niSedha bhI hai, usameM jJAna ke viSaya ko do dRSTiyoM se prastuta kiyA gayA hai jise pratyakSa evaM parokSa kahate haiM / ' vastu tattva ke pratipAdana meM pramANa aura naya ina do vizeSatAoM kI pramukhatA hai / 62 - 2. darzana yuga Agama ke pazcAt dArzanika paramparA kA bhI prAraMbha huA, usa paramparA meM sUtrakRtAMga meM pratipAdita sva- samaya aura para samaya ke sAtha-sAtha kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, nyAyavAdI, niyativAdI, svabhAvavAdI, kSaNikavAdI Adi jo dRSTiyA~ haiM ve sabhI dArzanikoM ke vicAroM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya prApta hotI haiN| jaina dArzanika - paramparA meM Agama ke pazcAt tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAditaM pramANa aura naya kA viSaya dArzanika dRSTi ko liye hue hai, jise AdhAra banAkara pUjyapAda akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi ne vistRta vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kiiN| isake anantara siddhasena ne pramANa aura naya ke viSaya ko anekAnta dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA / yaha krama Age bhI calatA rahA / 3. pramANa yuga - AcArya siddhasena ne tIsarI - cauthI zatAbdI meM pramANa-vyavasthA para gaMbhIra cintana prastuta kiyaa| AcArya akalaMka, AcArya haribhadra, mANikyanandi, vAdideva sUri, hemacandra Adi ne pramANa kI paribhASAe~ dekara sampUrNa pramANa ke viSaya ko vyApakarUpa meM prastuta kiyA / bauddha, sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika Adi ne bhI pramANa kI zAstrIya paribhASAe~ diiN| bauddha - AcArya dharmakIrti ne pramANa ko abhisaMvAdI jJAna kahA / ' naiyAyika - nyAyavArtikakAra ne arthopalabdhi ko pramANa mAnA / ' isI taraha sAMkhya-yoga-mImAMsaka Adi ne pramANa sambandhI paribhASAe~ dIM jinhoMne artha - jJAna ko pramANa mAnA yA sAdhakatama kAraNa ko pramANa kahA / ' AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA pratipAdita pramANa : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / inhoMne parIkSAmukha ke 212 sUtroM para prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| isake atirikta unakI nimna racanAe~ bhI haiM nyAyakumudacandra, tattvArthavRttipada-vivaraNa, zAkaTAyananyAsa, zabdAmbhojabhAskara, pravacanasarojabhAskara, gadya kathAkoza / -

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jainavidyA 24 pramANa kA lakSaNa svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / prabhAcandra ne sva-apUrva ke artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai| arthAt jo apane aura apUrva artha ke nizcayAtmaka viSaya ko mahatva detA hai use pramANa kahate haiN| pramANa ke isa lakSaNa meM vastu kI prAmANikatA hai kisI anya se vizeSa artha kA jJAna hai| arthAt nirAkaraNa karake samajhAne kI pravRtti hai, artha se vastu kA prayojana hai| vyavasAyAtmaka se vizad jJAna kA bodha hotA hai aura jJAna se vastu kI vizadatA kA paricaya bhI prApta hotA hai| __mANikyanaMdi ne nimna paribhASA dI hai - svapUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / ' isI sUtra ko prabhAcandra ne apane pramANa ke viSaya kA AdhAra bnaayaa| pramANanayatatvAloka meM nimna paribhASA dI gayI hai - svaparavyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam / arthAt sva aura para ke vyavasAyI jJAna kA nAma pramANa hai| isa paribhASA meM apUrva zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| usake sthAna para' zabda kA prayoga hai| jisase isakA artha 'sva' arthAt apane aura 'para' arthAt anya vastu ke nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA, kyoMki vastu kA jJAna do prakAra se hotA hai - svataH aura parataH, mukhya aura gauNa, nitya-anitya, sat-asat, sAmAnya-vizeSa, bheda-abheda aadi| ___ svArtha vyavasAyatmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / " . isa sUtra meM 'sva' aura 'artha' ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| pramANamImAMsAkAra ne ukta paribhASAoM kI apekSA nimna paribhASA dI hai - samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam / / 'samyak artha' kA nirNaya jisase hotA hai vaha pramANa kahalAtA hai| ukta saiddhAntika paribhASAe~ sabhI dRSTiyoM se 'artha' ke nirNaya ko prastuta karanevAlI haiN| AcArya prabhAcandra kI paribhASA meM pramANa ke viSaya sAtha-sAtha 'sva, apUrva, artha, vyavasAyAtmaka aura jJAna' ina pA~coM kA vistRta vivecana karate hue nizcita prayojana ko siddha kiyA hai| 'sva' aura 'artha' se vastu kA prayojana aura usakI sArthakatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 'artha' se nizcita bhAva aura 'vyavasAyAtmaka' vizeSaNa se bauddha

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jainavidyA 24 vicArakoM dvArA pratipAdita pramANa ko khaMDita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki bauddhoM ne abhisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai jo mAtra jJAna taka hI sImita hai| isameM saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI hotA hai isalie AcArya prabhAcandra ne jJAna ke dvArA 'nizcayAtmaka jJAna' ko mahatva diyA, vahI jJAna nirNayAtmaka hotA hai, bAdhAoM se rahita hotA hai| mImAMsaka 'jJAna' ko vizeSa mahattva dete haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jJAna 'artha' ko jAnatA hai, svayaM ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha anumeya hai| sAMkhya 'jJAna' ko acetana mAnatA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ke 'jJAna' kA abhiprAyaH inase bhinna hai| unake anusAra 'jJAna' svayaM prakAzI hai evaM dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| isalie unakI paribhASA meM 'vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnaM pramANam' pada tInoM hI kAla ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karanevAlA hai| pramANa-bheda - pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa ke ye do bheda kahe gaye haiN| jisameM 'vizadaM pratyakSam' arthAt jo vizuddha jJAna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa pramANa hai| arthAt jo jJAna spaSTa hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hotA hai| spaSTatA meM indriyoM kA prayojana nahIM hotA apitu AtmA hI mUla kAraNa banatI hai| isalie prati+akSam = pratyakSam, akSa ke do artha hote haiM - eka artha hotA hai indriya aura dUsarA artha hai aatmaa|13 indriyoM ke kAraNa jo jJAna hotA hai vaha avizada hotA hai| avizada ko parokSa pramANa' kahA gayA hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa ke vivecana ko nimna pramANoM se siddha kiyA hai - pratyakSAdinimittaM smRttipratyabhijJAnatarkAnumAnAgamabhedam / smRti, pratyAbhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama - ye pA~ca parokSa pramANa haiN| AcArya prabhAcandra ne dvitIya pariccheda meM pratyakSa ko vizada kahakara use 'indriya' aura 'anindriya' kI apekSA vibhakta kiyA hai| pravRtti aura nivRtti, indriya aura anindriya Adi kA viSaya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai, jo ekadeza pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| prabhAcandra ne vizada aura jJAna ina donoM kA bodha karAyA hai| pramANa pratyakSa parokSa sAMvyavahArika mukhya smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka anumAna Agama

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jainavidyA 24 smRti - isameM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA - ye cAra jJAna ke viSaya hote haiN| isameM kArya-kAraNa bhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai, smRti avisaMvAdi jJAna hai| smRti kA AkAra tat hai| isameM dhAraNarUpa saMskAra hotA hai| kisI nimitta ke dvArA saMskAra jAgRta hotA hai taba smRti hotI hai, isalie smRti pramANa hai| smRti meM anubhUta kA viSaya hotA hai|" ise samajhAne ke lie yathA 'sa devadatta iti' - jaise udAharaNa haiN| ___ bauddha pUrvAnubhava ko smRti mAnatA hai| mImAMsaka gRhItArtha ko viSaya banAtA hai aura naiyAyika use arthajanya nahIM maantaa| prabhAcandra ne tat aura dhAraNA ke kAraNa ko viSaya bnaayaa| __ pratyabhijJAna - smRti kA hetu dhAraNA hai isalie pratyabhijJAna ko saMkalanAtmaka jJAna kahA gayA hai| sAdRzya hone ke kAraNa 'sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna' kahalAtA hai aura donoM samaya meM eka hI rahanevAlA jJAna 'ekatva pratyabhijJAna' kahalAtA hai| isake bhI do hetu haiM - pratyakSa aura smaraNa / pratyakSa meM vastu kA jaisA vizada rUpa se pratibhAsa hotA hai vaha smRti meM nahIM hotA hai| vartamAna paryAya kA darzana aura pUrva paryAya kA smaraNa isakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| naiyAyika pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa jJAna mAnate haiM aura bauddha pratyabhijJAna ko nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki 'saHayam'20 aisA jJAna pratyakSa hai| do jJAnoM kA samuccaya hai| eka svataMtra jJAna nhiiN|21 tarka - upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyaaptijnyaansmuuhH| upalaMbha aura anupalaMbha ke kAraNa jo vyApti-jJAna hotA hai use tarka kahate haiN| prabhAcandra ne tarka ko Uha kahA hai| nyAyAvatAra, nyAyavinimaya, pramANa-mImAMsA Adi meM sAdhya aura sAdhana ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jise tathotpatti bhI kahA hai|23 bauddha tarka ko pramANa nahIM mAnatA vaha pratyakSa aura anumAna ko mahattva detA hai| anumAna - sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam / 24 sAdhana se sAdhya vijJAna ko anumAna kahA gayA hai| jaise parvata meM dhUma dekhakara agni kA jJAna / nyAyazAstra-paramparA meM avinAbhAva sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai| jisameM sAdhya ke binA sAdhana nahIM hotA hai| aisA kathana kiyA gayA hai| anumAna pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai| usake tIna bheda haiM - (1) pUrvavat, (2) zeSavat aura (3) sAmAnyatodRSTa /

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jainavidyA 24 Agama - Apta-vacana ko Agama kahate haiN| jisake AdhAra para vastu-tattva kA bodha kiyA jAtA hai| Apta dvArA kathita vacana se padArthoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai usameM kisI taraha kA virodha nahIM hotaa| jJAna Agama hai jo pUrNa kahalAtA hai| sarvajJa ke vacana pramANika hote haiN| isI dRSTi ko lekara prabhAcandra ne mAtra 'jJAna' ko pramANa nahIM kahA apitu 'sarvajJa ke jJAna' ko pramANa kahA hai|25 Agama dvArA bauddha vicAra, vedavicAra, smRti, purANa, mImAMsA kathana Adi ke pramANoM ko rakhakara Aptavacana ko pramANa mAnakara usakI vistAra se zuddhi kI hai| usameM bhI pUrva pakSa aura uttara pakSa donoM hI taraha kI dRSTiyA~ haiN| ___ prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM pramANa kA viSaya mukhya hai| isameM prameyoM ko jAnanevAle anya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA vivecana bhI hai| unake pakSa ko sAmane rakhakara viSaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1. nyAyabhASya, 1.1.1 2. svayaMbhU stotra, zloka saM. 102 3. anuyogadvAra, gAthA 2 4. pramANavArtika, zloka 3 5. nyAyavArtika, 3-4 6. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa, pR. 82 7. jaina mahendrakumAra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prastAvanA, pR. 5 8. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 1.1 9. parIkSAmukha, 1.1 10. pramANanayatatvAloka 1.2 11. tatvArthazloka vArtika, 1.10.17 12. pramANamImAMsA, sUtra 2 13. svArthasiddhi, 1,6-7 14. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 3.1 15. vahI, 3.2 16. vahI, 2.5 17. vahI, 3.2.4

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jainavidyA 24 18. prameyakamalamArtaNDa 3.5 se 7 taka 19. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa, pR. 79 20. prameyakamalamArtaNDa parizIlana, pR. 103 21. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa, pR. 78 22. prameyakamalamArtaNDa 3.11 23. vahI, 3.13 24. vahI, 3.14 25. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR. 419 se 441 67 saha-AcArya jainolojI evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ...

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pramANa ke bheda * tavedhA |2.11 - parIkSAmukha - vaha pramANa do prakAra kA hai| * pratyakSetarabhedAt / 2.21 - 'pratyakSa' aura itara arthAt 'parokSa' ke bheda se pramANa do prakAra kA hai| * vizadaM pratyakSam / 2.3 / - vizada arthAt nirmala-spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahate haiN| * pratItyantarAvyavadhAnena vizeSavattayA vA pratibhAsanaM vaishdhm|2.41 - dUsare jJAna ke vyavadhAna se rahita aura vizeSatA se honevAle pratibhAsa ko vaizadya kahate haiN| arthAt anya jJAna ke vyavadhAna se rahita jo nirmala, spaSTa aura viziSTa jJAna hotA hai use vizada yA vaizadya kahate haiN| * parokSamitarat / 3.1 / - jo pratyakSa se itara arthAt bhinna hai vaha parokSa (pramANa) hai| * avizadapratibhAsaM prokssm|3.1| - nyAyadIpikA, zrI dharmabhUSaNa yati - avizada, aspaSTa, anirmala jJAna ko parokSa (pramANa) kahate haiN| - AlApapaddhati naya ke bheda * tAvanmUlanayau dvau nizcayo vyvhaarshc| - mukhyatayA naya ke do prakAra se bheda batAye gaye haiM - 1. nizcayanaya aura 2. vyvhaarny| vastutaH vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai ataH naya bhI ananta haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 - 69 AcArya prabhAcandra ke granthoM meM 'tarka pramANa' kI avadhAraNA DaoN. (suzrI) rAjakumArI jaina AcArya prabhAcandra ke granthoM meM 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' meM 'tarka pramANa' kA bahuta vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| do vastuoM ke madhya vidyamAna sArvabhaumika aura traikAlika sambandhoM ko 'vyApti sambandha' kahA jAtA hai tathA vyakti ko isa sambandha kA jJAna 'tarka pramANa' dvArA hotA hai| anumAna mAnava ke jJAnArjana kA eka mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai tathA isakI utpatti vyApti sambandha ke jJAnapUrvaka hotI hai / jisa vyakti ne pUrva meM hetu aura sAdhya ke madhya vyApti sambandha kA jJAna prApta kiyA hai vahI vyakti hetu kA pratyakSa hone para vyApti sambandha ke smaraNapUrvaka sAdhya kA anumAna kara sakatA hai| jaise jaba koI vyakti kisI sthAna para dhuA~ uThatI huI dekhatA hai to use yaha smRti hotI hai ki dhuA~ vahIM hotA hai jahA~ Aga bhI hotI hai, Aga kA abhAva hone para dhuA~ kA honA asambhava hai| isake uparAnta use usa sthAna para Aga kA anumAna jJAna hotA hai / isa anumAna meM dhuA~ hetu ( sAdhana yA liMga) hai, kyoMki isake dvArA yahA~ Aga ko siddha kiyA jA rahA hai tathA Aga sAdhya hai| dhuA~ kA Aga ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha arthAt Aga ke nahIM hone para dhuA~ kA sadbhAva nahIM hI honA dhuA~ kA Aga ke sAtha vyApti sambandha hai / dhuA~ yahA~ vyApya hai, kyoMki yaha Aga ke sadbhAva meM hI upalabdha hotI hai, usake abhAva meM kabhI upalabdha nahIM hotI tathA Aga vyApaka hai

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jainavidyA 24 kyoMki yaha dhuA~ ke sadbhAva ke sAtha hI sAtha usake abhAva meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| isaprakAra vyApti sambandha do vastuoM meM sArvabhaumika aura traikAlika rUpa se vidyAmAna vyApya-vyApaka sambandha hai / jo vyakti isa sambandha ko jAnatA hai vahI vyApya kA pratyakSa hone para use hetu banAtA hai tathA vyApaka ko sAdhya banAkara usakA anumAna jJAna prApta karatA hai| jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra isa vyApti sambandha kA jJAna tarka pramANa se hotA hai| 2 70 vyApti sambandha ke jJAna kA sAdhana-tarka pramANa tarka pramANa vyApti sambandha ko jAnane kI sakriya, vicArAtmaka aura anveSaNAtmaka prakriyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra isa prakriyA ko paribhASita karate hue kahate haiM ki sAdhana ke hone para sAdhya ke bhI vidyamAna hone ( anvaya) aura sAdhana kA abhAva hone para sAdhya ke bhI nahIM hone (vyatireka) ke aneka dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSapUrvaka ghaTita honevAlI vicArAtmaka prakriyA tarka pramANa kahalAtI hai| vyakti sAdhana aura sAdhya ke aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSa, pUrvadRSTa dRSTAntoM ke smaraNa tathA vartamAna pratyakSa tathA pUrvadRSTa dRSTAntoM meM vidyamAna sAdRzya aura vilakSaNatA ke pratyabhijJAnapUrvaka sAdhana aura sAdhya meM vidyamAna vyApti sambandha ko jAnatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie - jaba koI vyakti kisI sthAna para dhuA~ uThatI huI dekhatA hai to use yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki isa dhuA~ kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isa jijJAsA kI zAnti hetu dhyAna se dekhane para use vahA~ koI vastu jalatI huI dRSTigocara hotI hai| kucha dera bAda vaha dekhatA hai ki aba usa vastu kA jalanA banda ho gayA to aba vahA~ dhuA~ bhI nahIM uTha rahI / bhaviSya meM use punaH-punaH dhuA~ kA sadbhAva hone para Aga ke bhI hone aura Aga ke nahIM hone para dhuA~ ke bhI nahIM hone ke aneka dRSTAntoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai| sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI dekhatA hai ki dhuA~ to sadaiva Aga ke sAtha hI prApta huI hai lekina Aga dhuA~ ke sadbhAva ke sAtha hI sAtha usake abhAva meM bhI prApta ho jAtI hai| apane ina vibhinna anubhavoM meM vidyamAna samAnatA aura vilakSaNatA para vicAra karate hue vyakti dhuA~ aura Aga ke madhya vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya karatA hai / usakA yaha nizcaya tarka pramANa kahalAtA hai| do vastuoM ke aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM kA pratyakSa vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya kI prakriyA kA prathama caraNa hai tathA isa pratyakSa kA vikAsa avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke krama se hotA hai / prAyaH eka sAmAnya vyakti kA pratyakSa avagraha taka hI

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jainavidyA 24 sImita rahatA hai| vaha do padArthoM - 'a' aura 'ba' ke aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM kA pratyakSa karake tathA yaha vicAra karake ki abhI taka 'ba' ke nahIM hone para 'a' ke vidyamAna hone kA eka bhI dRSTAnta upalabdha nahIM haA hai, 'a' kA 'ba' ke sAtha sArvabhaumika aura traikAlika vyApti sambandha sthApita kara detA hai| usakA yaha nizcaya vyApti sambandha kA mithyA jJAna hai kyoMki vaha 'a' kA 'ba' se avinAbhAva sambandha arthAt 'ba' kA abhAva hone para 'a' kA sadbhAva asambhava hai, ko nahIM jaantaa|' vyakti ko isa avinAbhAva sambandha kA jJAna tabhI ho sakatA hai jabaki vaha parIkSaka ho; use yaha jijJAsA ho ki 'a' sadaiva 'ba' ke sAtha hI kyoM upalabdha ho rahA hai, yaha sahopalabdhi eka Akasmika ghaTanA hai yA aisA kAraNa-kArya sambandha Adi kisI niyama ke anusAra ho rahA hai? jaba vyakti apane ina praznoM ke samAdhAna hetu anveSaNAtmaka vidhi kA avalambana letA hai tathA isake dvArA do vastuoM ke niyata sAhacarya ko nirdhArita karanevAle niyamoM ko jAnatA hai taba hI use una vastuoM meM vidyamAna avinAbhAva sambandharUpa vyApti sambandha kA jJAna hotA hai aura usakA yaha jJAna yathArtha hai| avagraha dvArA sAmAnyarUpa se jJAta hue tathyoM ke viziSTa svarUpa ke prati jijJAsA aura usa jijJAsA ke nivAraNa hetu kiye jAnevAle anveSaNAtmaka prayatna ko 'IhA' kahA jAtA hai|' vizeSa ghaTanAoM ke pratyakSa ke stara para IhA eka kSaNika ghaTanA hai lekina vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya kI prakriyA ke kSetra meM, jo ki vaijJAnika niyamoM ke anusaMdhAna kI prakriyA bhI hai, IhA eka dIrghakAlika prakriyA hai| isa kSetra meM vyakti sAmAnyarUpa se jAna liye gaye tathyoM ke viziSTa svarUpa ke nizcaya hetu pahale 'yaha honA cAhiye' isa AkAra meM prAkkalpanA kA nirmANa karatA hai tathA isa prAkkalpanA kI dizA meM tathyoM kI khoz2a karatA hai| yadi isa prayAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa usa prAkkalpanA kI asatyatA siddha hotI hai to vaha nayI prAkkalpanA kA nirmANa kara usakI dizA meM anusandhAna kArya karatA hai| yaha krama tabataka jArI rahatA hai jabataka ki vyakti ko apanI samasyA kA samAdhAna prApta nahIM ho jaataa| udAharaNa ke lie - eka dina DaoN. phlemiMga apane udyAna meM paudhe kA nirIkSaNa kara rahe the| unhoMne eka paudhe para phaphUMdI AyI huI dekhI aura kucha phaphUMdI ko naSTa hote hue dekhaa| isa dRSya se unheM yaha jijJAsA huI ki isa phaphUMdI ke naSTa hone kA kyA kAraNa hai? isake kAraNa ko jAnane ke lie ve prayogazAlA meM jAkara anusaMdhAna-kArya meM laga gye| anusaMdhAna kI isa prakriyA meM unhoMne aneka prAkkalpanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, niyaMtrita paristhitiyoM meM prayogAtmaka vidhi se unakA satyApana kiyA tathA unake asatya siddha hone para nayI prAkkalpanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa.....| yaha

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jainavidyA 24 prakriyA tabataka calatI rahI jabataka ki unheM kucha vizeSa jIvANuoM kA sadbhAva hone para phaphUMdI ke naSTa hone kA pratyakSa nahIM huaa| unhoMne niyaMtrita paristhitiyoM meM prayogapUrvaka una vizeSa jIvANuoM kA sadbhAva hone para phaphUMdI ke anivAryatayA naSTa hone tathA phaphUMdI ke naSTa nahIM hone para una jIvANuoM kA bhI abhAva hone ke aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM kA pratyakSa kiyaa| ina pratyakSoM meM vidyamAna sAdRzya aura vilakSaNatA para vicAra karatehue unhoMne vizeSa prakAra ke jIvANuoM ke sadbhAva aura phaphUMdI ke vinAza ke madhya vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya kiyA tathA apane isa jJAna ke AdhAra para 'penisilina' nAmaka davA kA AviSkAra kiyaa| isaprakAra vyApti sambandha kA jJAna do vastuoM ke aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA sAmAnyIkaraNa mAtra nahIM hai balki yaha vicArAtmaka, anveSaNAtmaka aura parIkSApravaNa tarka prakriyA se arjita jJAna hai| tarka prakriyA dvArA vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya hetu sAmagrI pratyakSa dvArA hI prApta nahIM hotI balki 'anumAna' aura 'zabda pramANa' dvArA bhI prApta hotI hai| vyakti vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya hetu jo anusaMdhAna-kArya karatA hai usameM vaha vibhinna pramANoM se arjita jAnakAriyoM kA upayoga karatA hai| jo vyakti jisa kSetra vizeSa meM abataka hae jJAna ke vikAsa se jitanA adhika paricita hotA hai usa kSetra meM vaha utane hI utkRSTa vyApti sambandhoM ke anusaMdhAna kI kSamatA se yukta hotA hai| DaoN. phlemiMga vizeSa prakAra ke jIvANuoM ke sadbhAva aura phaphUMdI ke vinAza ke madhya vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya isaliye kara sake ki ve jIvANuoM ke svarUpa aura unakI zaktiyoM ke sambandha meM abataka hue jJAna ke vikAsa se paricita the| zabda pramANa se arjita isa jJAna ke AdhAra para unhoMne vibhinna tathyoM kA anumAna kiyA tathA isake AdhAra para prAkkalpanAoM kA nirmANa karake una prAkkalpanAoM kI dizA meM anusaMdhAna-kArya kiye tathA isake dvArA vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya kiyaa| isa prakAra vyApti sambandha kA jJAna mAtra pratyakSa pramANa se arjita sAmagrI dvArA nahIM hotA balki yaha pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda Adi sabhI pramANoM ke avalambanapUrvaka ghaTita honevAlI anveSaNAtmaka prakriyA se prApta jJAna hai| vyakti kA kisI bhI kSetra meM anumAna dvArA arjita jJAna usa kSetra meM kAryarata sArvabhaumika niyamoM ke jJAnapUrvaka hI sambhava hotA hai| ina niyamoM ko vyakti sadaiva hI svayaM ke anveSaNAtmaka prayatnoM dvArA nahIM jAnatA balki vaha inakA jJAna anumAna aura zabda pramANa dvArA bhI prApta karatA hai| jaise eka DaoNkTara vibhinna jIvANuoM ke sadbhAva aura

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jainavidyA 24 kAraNa rogoM kI utpatti tathA vibhinna davAoM ke prayoga aura rogoM kI samApti ke madhya vidyamAna -kArya niyamoM kA jJAna 'zabda pramANa' se prApta karatA hai / isa jJAna ke AdhAra para TesTa (jA~ca) ke dvArA rogI meM roga vizeSa ke jIvANuoM ke sadbhAva ko sunizcita karake usake roga kA anumAna karatA hai tathA isake anusAra vaha use roga kI samApti hetu davA detA hai| vyApti sambandha ke jJAna meM zabdAdi pramANoM kI isa bhUmikA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue mANikyanaMdI kahate haiM - 'sAdhana ke sadbhAva meM sAdhya kI upalabdhi aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kI anupalabdhi ke nimitta se honevAle vyApti sambandha ke jJAna ko Uha (tarka) kahA jAtA hai / " isakI vyAkhyA karate hue prabhAcandra kahate haiM - 'vyakti ko vyApti sambandha kA jJAna mAtra hetu aura sAdhya ke anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke punaHpunaH darzana se nahIM hotA balki use yaha jJAna usake tarkajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama ke anusAra ekabAra yA anekabAra hetu ke hone para sAdhya kI upalabdhi aura sAdhya kA abhAva hone para hetu kI anupalabdhi ke jJAnapUrvaka hotA hai / isa upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi ke nimitta se honevAlA vyApti sambandha kA jJAna tarka pramANa hai / yaha paribhASA avyApti doSa se rahita hai, kyoMki atIndriya sAdhana aura sAdhya meM vidyamAna anvayavyatireka kA jJAna zabda pramANa aura anumAna se bhI hotA hai tathA tarka pramANa kI yaha paribhASA ina pramANoM se honevAle jJAna ko bhI apane meM samAhita karatI hai / udAharaNa ke lie - jaba vyakti kisI anya vyakti ke sukhI jIvana ko dekhakara usake dvArA pUrva meM kiye gaye puNyArjana kA anumAna karatA hai to isa anumAna ko sambhava banAnevAle vyApti sambandha kA jJAna 'zubhaH puNyasya' isa Apta vAkya dvArA prApta hotA hai / karma siddhAnta kA jJAna vyakti ko svayaM ke indriya pratyakSa se honevAlA jJAna na hokara atIndriya jJAna hai tathA sAmAnya mAnava ise zabda pramANa dvArA jAnatA hai / isI prakAra jaba sUrya ke sthAna - parivartana ko dekhakara usakI gamanazakti kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai to isa anumAna meM prayukta sUrya kI gamanazakti ke sadbhAvarUpa sAdhya aura usake sthAna parivartana - rUpa sAdhana meM vyApti sambandha hone kA jJAna anumAna se hotA hai / isa prakAra mAnava ko sAdhana ke hone para sAdhya ke bhI sadbhAva aura sAdhya kA abhAva hone para sAdhana kA bhI abhAva rUpa anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM kI prApti mAtra pratyakSa se hI nahIM, anumAna aura zabda pramANa se bhI prApta hotI hai tathA isa sAmagrI para UhApohAtmaka cintana dvArA honevAlA vyApti sambandha kA jJAna 'tarka pramANa' hai| ' 10 133 73

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MA jainavidyA 24 nyAya darzana kA mata tarka kI aprAmANikatA tathA tarkasahakRta pratyakSa vyAptijJAna kA sAdhana nyAya darzana ke anusAra tarka yathArtha jJAna na hokara mithyAjJAna hai| isake dvArA vyakti ko vyApti sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hotA; balki vyApti sambandha kA jJAna hetu aura sAdhya ke anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke bhUyodarzana yA punaH punaH pratyakSa dvArA hI hotA hai| nizcita rUpa se eka parIkSaka vyakti ko jaba kisI ghaTanA ke pIche kArya kararahe kAraNakArya niyamoM Adi ko jAnane kI jijJAsA hotI hai to vaha anveSaNAtmaka vidhi se una niyamoM kA jJAna prApta karatA hai| tarka isa anveSaNAtmaka vidhi kA eka caraNa mAtra hai jo svayaM avijJAta tattva ke prati nirNaya-svarUpa na hokara nirNaya kA sAdhana hai|" yaha sambhAvanA-svarUpa hotA hai tathA isakA AkAra 'yaha honA cAhiye' rUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra isameM nizcayAtmakatA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa yaha apramANa hai| vyApti sambandha ke jJAna kI prakriyA meM tarka vibhinna sambhAvanAoM ko upasthita karake anusandhAna hetu nirdeza detA hai tathA use nirdeza kI dizA meM khoja karatehue jaba vyakti aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM kA pratyakSa karatA hai to una pratyakSoM dvArA use vyApti sambandha jJAta hotA hai| tarka jJAnArjana kI isa prakriyA meM pratyakSa kA sahAyaka mAtra hI hai lekina isa kSetra meM vaha svayaM pramANa nahIM hai| tarka pratyakSa kA sahAyaka hone ke sAtha hI sAtha usakA anugrAhaka bhI hai kyoMki yaha pratyakSa dvArA jAne gaye vyApti sambandha kA parIkSaNa karake usakI satyatA ko sunizcita karatA hai| jaise - aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSapUrvaka jaba vyakti dhuA~ aura Aga ke madhya vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya karatA hai to vaha tarka dvArA usakI parIkSA karake usakI satyatA ko sunizcita karatA hai| vaha yaha vicAra karatA hai ki hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki dhuA~ aura Aga ke madhya vyApti sambandha nahIM hai tathA dhuA~ Aga ke binA bhI mila sakatI hai| apanI isa sthApanA kA vaha vibhinna vikalpoM ko sAmane rakhakara vicAra karatA hai| vaha dhuA~ kA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai, yaha ho sakatA hai .... Adi rUpa se vibhinna sambhAvanAoM ko upasthita karake unakI parIkSA karatA hai tathA kisI bhI sambhAvanA ke pramANoM se siddha nahIM hone para vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~catA hai ki yaha sthApanA asatya hai ki dhuA~ kA kAraNa Aga ke atirikta anya koI padArtha hai| isaliye bhUyo darzana ke dvArA dhuA~ aura Aga ke madhya jo vyApti sambandha kA jJAna huA hai vahI satya hai| isa prakAra tarka pratyakSa ke viSaya kA vivecana karake usakA

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jainavidyA 24 75 vibhinna prakAra se parIkSaNa karake usa viSaya kI satyatA ke prati dRr3ha nizcaya utpanna karatA hai| vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya meM tarka kI yaha mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hone para bhI vaha svayaM pramANa nahIM hai| vaha saMzaya aura nirNaya kI madhyavartI sthiti hai, svayaM sambhAvanAsvarUpa hai, pramANoM se arthajJAna prApta karane meM sahAyaka hai tathA svayaM nirNaya-rahita hone ke kAraNa apramANa hai| nyAya darzana kI vyAptisthApanA-paddhati kI yaha kahakara AlocanA kI jAtI hai ki do padArthoM ke kucha bhAvAtmaka-abhAvAtmaka dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSa ke AdhAra para una padArthoM meM sArvabhaumika aura traikAlika niyata sAhacarya sambandha ke sadbhAva kA jJAna kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai? isa Apatti ke uttara meM naiyAyika kahate haiM ki do vizeSa vastuoM kA pratyakSa karate samaya vyakti ko sAmAnya lakSaNa pratyakSa dvArA una do padArthoM meM vidyamAna sAmAnyoM kA jJAna hotA hai tathA vyakti ina sAmAnyoM meM vidyamAna niyata sAhacarya ko jAnakara ina sAmAnyoM ke vizeSa dRSTAntoM meM vyApti sambandha kI sthApanA karatA hai| isa prakAra vyApti sambandha kA jJAna tarka dvArA na hokara tarka sahakRta pratyakSa dvArA hotA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA nyAya mata kA khaNDana tathA tarka kI prAmANikatA kI siddhi AcArya prabhAcandra nyAyadarzana ke mata ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki vyApti sambandha kA jJAna pratyakSa se nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki isa sambandha kA jJAna anveSaNAtmaka prakriyA se hotA hai tathA isa prakriyA meM vibhinna pramANoM se prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para UhApohAtmaka cintana dvArA vyApti sambandha kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye vyApti sambandha ke jJAna ke lie tarka hI pramANa hai| vastutaH pratyakSa kA viSaya sAmane sthita aura vartamAnakAlIna padArtha hotA hai| kisI bhI pratyakSa meM do vastuoM ke traikAlika dRSTAntoM ko jAnakara unameM vyApti sambandha sthApita karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai| hajAroM anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke pratyakSa se bhI vyakti ko vyApti sambandha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki ye pratyakSa mAtra apane-apane viSaya kA hI jJAna haiM tathA kisI bhI pratyakSa meM anya pratyakSoM ke viSaya ko jAnakara unake madhya tulanApUrvaka kisI prakAra ke sArvabhaumika sambandha ko jAnane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa pratyakSa dvArA bhI vyApti sambandha ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA kyoMki isa pratyakSa dvArA do vizeSa vastuoM meM vidyamAna sAmAnyoM kA pRthak-pRthak hI jJAna hotA hai lekina yaha pratyakSa do sAmAnyoM meM vidyamAna vyApti sambandha ko nahIM jAna sktaa| jaise vizeSa dhuA~ aura Aga kA pratyakSa

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jainavidyA 24 karate samaya vyakti ko unameM vidyamAna dhUmatva sAmAnya aura agnitva sAmAnya kA pRthakpRthaka hI jJAna hotA hai lekina use isa pratyakSa dvArA yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki dhUmatva sAmAnya agnitva sAmAnya kA avinAbhAvI hai| arthAt agnitva sAmAnya ke abhAva meM dhUmatva sAmAnya kA sadbhAva asambhava hai| yadi sAmAnyalakSaNa pratyakSa dvArA vyakti ko vyApti sambandha kA jJAna honA sambhava ho to prathama darzanakAla meM hI use yaha jJAna ho jAnA caahiye| taba use vyApti sambandha ke nizcaya ke lie na to aneka anvayavyatirekI dRSTAntoM ke punaH-punaH pratyakSa kI AvazyakatA honI cAhiye aura na hI isa pratyakSa dvArA sthApita vyApti sambandha kI tarka se parIkSA kI jAnI caahiye| isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki vyApti sambandha kA jJAna pratyakSa se na hokara tarka pramANa se hotA hai| nyAya darzana dvArA tarka ke jisa rUpa sambhAvanA svarUpa hone ke kAraNa apramANa mAnA gayA hai vaha tarka jaina darzana dvArA mAnya pratyakSa kA eka caraNa 'IhA' hai tathA yaha vyApti sambandha ke jJAna hetu svIkRta tarka pramANa nahIM hai| tarka pramANa vibhinna pramANoM se prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para ghaTita honevAlI vicArAtmaka, anveSaNAtmaka aura parIkSApravaNa prakriyA hai tathA isa prakriyA dvArA vyApti sambandhoM kA jJAna hotA hai| . 1. vyaaptirhisaadhysaadhnyorvinaabhaavH| - nyAyakumudacandra; pRSTha 419 * idamasminsatyeva bhavatyasati tu na bhavatyeva / ___ - parIkSAmukhasUtra, 3.12 * yathA'gnAveva dhUmastadabhAve na bhavatyeveti c| - parIkSAmukhasUtra, 3.13 * sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / - parIkSAmukhasUtra, 3.15. 2. tarkAttannirNayaH - parIkSAmukhasUtra, 3.19 3. vyApteH pratyakSAnupalambhabalIdyUtohAkhya prmaannaadprsiddhH| - prameyakamalamArtaNDa; pRSTha178 4. avisaMvAdasmRteH phalasya hetutvAt pramANaM dhAraNA / smRtisaMjJAyApratyavamarzasya / saMjJA cintAyAH trksy| - laghIyastraya svavRtti; gAthA 10 * sutarAM ca sakalasAdhyasAdhanatyaktyupasaMhAreNa tadgraha iti sAdhyasAdhanadarzana smaraNapratyabhijJAnopa-janitastarka eva pratItimAdhAtumalam / - jaina tarkabhASA; pRSTha 10 5. adhyakSasyAparIkSatvAdanumAna na paramparA / avinAbhAvasambandhe'vyantarvyAptyAvatiSThate / bahirdarzanAdarzane dharmidharmasya na liMgI lakSaNaM tNdulpaakaadivt| tannaitAvatA vyAptiH anyatra vicArAt, yato vyApakaM nivartamAnaM vyApyaM nivrtyet| - pramANasaMgraha-32 aura usa para svavRtti

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jainavidyA 24 6.sAdhyasAdhanayo svabhAvapratibandhe sAkSAtkRte'pi sAkalyena vyApti parIkSAtaH / pramANasaMgraha svavRtti-37 7. SaTkhaNDAgama meM IhA ke lie 6 paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai :IhA - UhA-apohA-mArgaNA - gaveSaNA-mImAMsA SaTkhaNDAgama 5/5/38 ina padoM kA artha spaSTa karate hue vIrasena svAmI kahate haiM - " utpannasaMzayavinAzAya Ihate ceSThate anayA buddhayA iti IhA / avagRhItasyArthasyAnadhigatavizeSaH uhamate tarkyate anayA iti uuhaa| apohyate saMzayanibandhavikalpaH anayA iti apohA / anadhigatArthavizeSo mRgyate anviSyate anayA iti mArgaNA / gaveSyate iti gaveSaNA / mImAMsyate vicAryate avagRhIto artho vizeSarUpaNe anayA iti mImAMsA / - dhavalA; pustaka 13, pRSTha 242 8. saMdehAdo uvarimA, avAyAdo orimA, viccAle payattA vicArabuddhI IhA NAma / 9. upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUha / 10. prameyakamalamArtaNDa; pRSTha 348 11. avijJAtatattve'rthe kAraNopapattistattvajJAnArthamUhastarkaH / - 17. nyAyakumudacandra; pRSTha 429 18. nyAyakumudacandra; pRSTha 429 DOO - 77 nyAyasUtra 1.1.40 12. avijJAtattve sAmAnyato jJAte dharmiNyekapakSAnukUlakAraNadarzanAttasmin sambhAvanApratyayo bhavitavyatAvabhAsastaditarapakSazaithilyApAdane tadgrAhakapramANamanugrAhyatAnmukhaM pravartayaistattva jJAnArthamUhastarkaH iti / nyAyamaMjarI; bhAga 2, pRSTha 145 13. tarkabhASA; pRSTha 84 14. nyAyamaMjarI; pRSTha 145 15. bhAratIya darzana meM anumAna; pRSTha 156 16. anusandhAnena hi vyAptirUllikhyate, ... pratyakSarUpatA tu tasya anupapannA `vibhinnsaamgriivissytvaat| tadbhi indriyAdisAmagrIkaM sambaddhavartamAnArthaviSayazca prasiddham, nacedaM tathA iti kathaM pratyakSarUpatAM prtipaadyet| - nyAyakumudacandra; pRSTha 431 dhavalA; pustaka 13, pRSTha 17 parIkSAmukhasUtra 3.11 - vyAkhyAtA, darzanazAstra rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ajamera

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Apta kA lakSaNa AptenotsannadoSeNa sarvajJenAgamezinA / bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hyAptatA bhave |5| - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, AcArya samantabhadra TIkA 'Aptena' bhavitavyaM, 'niyogena'- nizcayena, niyamena vA / kiM viziSTena ? 'utsannadoSeNa ' - naSTa doSeNa / tathA 'sarvajJena' - sarvatra viSaye'zeSavizeSataH parisphuTa parijJAnavatA niyogena bhavitavyam / tathA 'AgamezinA' bhavyajanAnAM heyopAdeyatattvapratipratihetubhUtAgama pratipAdakena niyamena bhavitavyam / kuta etadityAha - 'nAnyathA hyAptatA bhvet|' 'hi' yasmAt anyathA ukta viparItaprakAreNa, AptatA na bhvet| TIkAkAra - AcArya prabhAcandra artha - jisake (kSudhA pipAsA Adi ) zArIrika tathA ( rAgadveSa Adi) Antarika doSa naSTa ho cuke haiM, jo samasta padArthoM ko unakI samasta vizeSatAoM ke sAtha spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, jo Agama kA svAmI hai arthAt jisakI divyadhvani ko sunakara gaNadhara dvAdazAMga rUpa Agama kI racanA karate haiM, jo isa taraha bhavya jIvoM ko heya aura upAdeya tattvoM kA jJAna karAnevAle Agama kA mUla pratipAdaka hai vahI puruSa Apta - saccA deva ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra sarvajJa, vItarAga aura hitopadezI puruSa ko Apta kahate haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 19 parIkSAmukha evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM 'anumAna' kI avadhAraNA - DaoN. rAjavIrasiMha zekhAvata jaina darzana meM pramANa ko jJAnarUpa mAnakara 'jJAna' ko hI pramANa' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| umAsvAmI ne 'tattvArthasUtra' (1.10) meM jJAna ke bhedoM kI carcA karate hue jJAna ko hI pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai tathA isa sandarbha meM likhA hai - 'tatpramANe aura mANikyanandi ne 'parIkSAmukha' (1.1) meM pramANa ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue jJAna ko hI pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai, unhoMne likhA hai - 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam'' mANikyanandi ke anusAra jJAna athavA pramANa ke do prakAra haiM - pratyakSa aura prokss|' punaH parokSa ke pA~ca bheda haiM - smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura aagm| yahA~ hama parokSa ke ina pA~ca bhedoM meM se 'anumAna' kI, 'parIkSAmukha' evaM 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM, carcA kreNge| 1.1. anumAna kA lakSaNa mANikyanandi ne parIkSAmukha meM anumAna kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - 'saadhnaatsaadhyvijnyaanmnumaanm|' (3.10, 3.14)

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jainavidyA 24 - 195 arthAt sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko 'anumAna' kahate haiN| parIkSAmukha ke isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArttaNDa meM anumAna kA lakSaNa kiyA hai 'jo sAdhya ke abhAva meM niyama se nahIM hotA hai aise 'nizcita sAdhana' se zakya, abhipreta aura asiddha lakSaNavAle sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai use 'anumAna' kahate haiN|' dhyAtavya hai - prabhAcandra ke anusAra, sAdhana se honevAle sAdhya ke jJAna kA anumAna rUpa hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhana meM sAdhya - abhAva ke sAtha sAdhana abhAva kI nizcitatA ho aura sAdhya meM zakya, abhipreta aura asiddha rUpa tIna vizeSaNa hoM / sAdhana aura sAdhya ke ina vizeSaNoM ke abhAva meM unake dvArA honevAle jJAna meM anumAnapanA sambhava nahIM hogA, arthAt vaha jJAna anumAnarUpa nahIM hogA / anya zabdoM meM, vaha anumAna nahIM hogA / kintu yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki sAdhana aura sAdhya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? athavA yU~ kaheM ki anumAna kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karane ke lie sAdhana aura sAdhya kI avadhAraNAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai arthAt yadi yahA~ sAdhana aura sAdhya kI carcA kI jAe to anumAna kI avadhAraNA adhika spaSTa hogii| dUsare, dhyAtavya hai ki sAdhana, sAdhya aura pakSa yA dharmI anumAna ke maulika ghaTaka haiN| ataH yahA~ inakI carcA apekSita hai / 1.2. anumAna ke ghaTaka 1.2.1.1. sAdhana/ hetu - mANikyanandi ne (parIkSAmukha meM) sAdhana arthAt hetu kA lakSaNa kiyA hai 'sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetu: / ' 3.10 (3.15 ) arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita ho use 'sAdhana' arthAt 'hetu' kahate haiN| prabhAcandra ne mANikyanandi kA samarthana karate hue hetu kA lakSaNa kiyA hai 'sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva' aura 'anyathAnupapannatva'" / arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva niyama se hetu kA varttanA aura sAdhya ke binA hetu kA niyama se nahIM hone kA nizcaya, arthAt sAdhyAbhAva meM sAdhanAbhAva kA nizcaya / yaha hetu kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva hai (asAdhAraNa svabhAva hI kisI viSaya kA lakSaNa hotA hai) aura anumAna kI anivArya shrt| prabhAcandra ke anusAra hetu ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha sAdhya kA gamaka ho / aura koI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka taba ho sakatA hai jaba vaha sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva aura anyathAnupapannatva se yukta ho, arthAt hetu sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva aura anyathAnupapannatva se yukta ho, anya zabdoM meM hetusAdhyAvinAbhAvitva aura anyathAnupapannatva se yukta hokara hI sAdhya ko siddha kara sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / ataH yahI (sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva) hetu kA pradhAna lakSaNa hai / 80

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jainavidyA 24 dhyAtavya hai - hetu saMdigdha, viparIta aura avyutpanna (gRhIta aura agRhIta padArtha kA yathAvat nirNaya nahIM honA) padArthoM ko siddha karane meM hI samartha hotA hai, inase viparIta padArthoM ko siddha karane meM nahIM; kyoMki saMdigdha Adi padArthoM kI siddhi ke lie hI anumAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, asaMdigdha Adi padArthoM kI siddhi ke lie anumAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki ve to siddha hI hote haiN| aura saMdigdha Adi padArthoM ko siddha karane meM hI hetu kI sArthakatA hai| 1.2.1.2. hetu ke prakAra mANikyanandi ke anusAra hetu do prakAra kA hai - 1. upalabdhi hetu aura 2. anupalabdhi hetu / ' dhyAtavya hai - sAmAnyataH upalabdhi hetu ko vidhi-sAdhaka arthAt sadbhAva kA sAdhaka mAnA jAtA hai aura anupalabdhi hetu ko pratiSedha-sAdhaka arthAt abhAva kA sAdhaka / kintu mANikyanandI ke anusAra donoM hetu vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM ke sAdhaka haiM, arthAt upalabdhi hetu bhI vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM kA sAdhaka hai tathA anupalabdhi hetu bhI vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM kA sAdhaka hai, jaisA ki parIkSAmukha' (3.54, 3.58) meM likhA hai - "uplbdhirvidhiprtissedhyornuplbdhishc"| vidhi aura pratiSedha ke AdhAra para donoM hetuoM ke punaH do-do bheda haiN| upalabdhi hetu ke do bheda haiM - 1. aviruddhopalabdhi hetu aura 2. viruddhopalabdhi hetu / aviruddhopalabdhi hetu vidhi-sAdhaka hai aura viruddhopalabdhi prtissedh-saadhk| 1. aviruddhopalabdhi - punaH aviruddhopalabdhi ke chaH bheda kiye haiM - (1) aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu, (2) aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu, (3) aviruddhakANopalabdhi hetu, (4) aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu, (5) aviruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu aura (6) aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu|' jJAtavya hai 'parIkSAmukha' evaM 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' meM aviruddhopalabdhi ke ina cha: bhedoM ke lakSaNa nahIM diye gaye haiM balki unake mAtra udAharaNa diye gaye haiM jo nimnalikhita rUpa se haiM -

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jainavidyA 24 (1) aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu - zabda pariNAmI' hai (pratijJA); kyoMki vaha kRtaka" hai (hetu), jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha pariNAmI dekhA jAtA hai, jaise - ghaTa (anvaya dRSTAnta), zabda kRtaka hai (upanayana), isalie vaha pariNAmI hai (nigmn)| jo pariNAmI nahIM hotA hai vaha kRtaka bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, jaise - bandhyAputra (vyatireka dRSTAnta), zabda kRtaka hai (upanaya), ataH vaha pariNAmI hai (nigmn)| yaha aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa hai| isa udAharaNa meM 'kRtakatva' hetu hai aura 'pariNAmitva' saadhy| kRtakatva aura pariNAmitva meM vyApya-vyApaka sambandha pAyA jAtA hai (jo alpa deza meM rahe use 'vyApya' kahate haiM aura jo bahuta deza meM rahe use 'vyApaka' / kRtakatva kevala pudgala dravya meM rahane ke kAraNa vyApya hai aura pariNAmitva AkAza Adi sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAne ke kAraNa vyaapk)| isalie kRtakatva rUpa vyApya se pariNAmitva rUpa vyApaka kI siddhi kI gayI hai| isa anumAna meM kRtakatva rUpa hetu vidhi-sAdhaka (bhAvarUpa sAdhya kI siddhi karanevAlA), vyApya aura aviruddha hone ke kAraNa ise aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vidhi-sAdhaka, aviruddha aura vyApya rUpa upalabdha hetu ko 'aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| anya zabdoM meM, sAdhya ke vyApya kA pAyA jAnA 'aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| (2) aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu - aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki - "isa dehI (zarIradhAraka prANI) meM buddhi hai; kyoMki isameM buddhi ke avirodhI kArya, vacanAdi, pAye jAte haiN|"13 isa udAharaNa meM 'buddhi' sAdhya hai jo ki kAraNarUpa hai aura 'vacanAdi' hetu hai jo kAryarUpa hai| isa anumAna meM hetu vidhi-sAdhaka evaM sAdhya kA avirodhI kArya hai| isalie ise aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai| isa udAharaNa ke AdhAra para aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu kA lakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, sAdhya ke avirodhI kArya kA pAyA jAnA, arthAt vidhi-sAdhaka aviruddha kAryarUpa upalabdha hetu ko 'aviruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| (3) aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu - aura isake viparIta vidhi-sAdhaka aviruddha kAraNarUpa upalabdha hetu ko 'aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| 'parIkSAmukha' meM isakA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki "yahA~ chAyA hai; kyoMki chAyA kA avirodhI kAraNa chatra pAyA jAtA hai|"14 yahA~ 'chAyA' sAdhya hai jo kArya-rUpa hai aura 'chatra' hetu hai jo kAraNa-rUpa hai| isa anumAna meM vidhi-sAdhaka aura sAdhya kA avirodhI kAraNa-rUpa hetu

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pauvaTA 4 'chatra' se kAryarUpa 'chAyA' kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| isalie ise 'aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu' kahA gayA hai| (4) aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu - sAdhya ke avirodhI pUrvacara kA pAyA jAnA 'aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai, jaise - "eka muhUrta pazcAt rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya hogA; kyoMki abhI kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai"15| dhAtavya hai - pratidina krama se eka-eka muhUrta ke pazcAt azvinI, bharaNI, kRtikA, rohiNI, mRgazirA, ArdrA, punarvasu, puSya Adi nakSatroM kA udaya hotA hai| jaba jisa nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hotA hai taba usake pUrvavartI nakSatra ko 'pUrvacara' aura uttaravartI nakSatra ko 'uttaracara' kahate haiN| aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu ke uparyukta udAharaNa meM 'rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya' sAdhya hai aura 'kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya' hetu| 'kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya' rUpa hetu 'rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya' rUpa sAdhya ke pUrvavartI hai, arthAt isa anumAna meM hetu sAdhya kA pUrvacara hai| ataH yaha aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu' kA udAharaNa hai| (5) aviruddhauttaracaropalabdhi heta - isake viparIta jaba hetu sAdhya kA uttaracara hotA hai, arthAt vidhi-sAdhaka aviruddha uttaracara rUpa upalabdha hetu hotA hai taba use 'aviruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM - "bharaNI nakSatra kA udaya eka muhUrta pahale ho cukA hai; kyoMki kRtikA kA udaya ho rahA hai"16| isa udAharaNa meM 'bharaNI nakSatra kA udaya' sAdhya hai aura kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya' hetu| aura kRtikA nakSatra bharaNI kA uttaracara hai| ataH yaha 'aviruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu' kA udAharaNa hai| (6) aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu - vidhi-sAdhaka, aviruddha sahacararUpa upalabdha hetu ko arthAt jo sAdhya ke samakAla meM ho tathA sAdhya kA na kAraNa ho aura na kArya, use 'aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "isa mAtuliMge (= bijaurA = nAraMgI ke AkAra kA nIMbU kI jAti kA phala) meM rUpa hai, kyoMki isameM rasa hai"17| isa anumAna meM 'rUpa' sAdhya hai aura 'rasa' hetu tathA rasarUpa hetu sAdhyarUpa 'rUpa' kA avirodhI sahacara hai| ataH yaha 'aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu' kA udAharaNa hai| 2. viruddhopalabdhi - upalabdhi hetu kA dUsarA prakAra hai 'viruddhopalabdhi' / yahA~ viruddhopalabdhi hetu se abhiprAya hai pratiSedhyarUpa sAdhya se jo viruddha padArtha hai usa viruddha padArtha ke sambandhabhUta vyApya, kArya Adi kI upalabdhi honaa|' viruddhopalabdhi hetu ke bhI, aviruddhopalabdhi hetu kI bhA~ti chaH bheda haiM -

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jainavidyA 24 (1) viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu, (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu, (3) viruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu, (4) viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu, (5) viruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu aura (6) viruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu / ye sabhI hetu pratiSedha-sAdhaka haiM, arthAt ina hetuoM ke dvArA abhAvarUpa sAdhya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai| parIkSAmukha' evaM 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' meM ina hetuoM ke bhI lakSaNa nahIM diye gaye haiM, mAtra udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| (1) viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu - parIkSAmukha meM viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - "yahA~ para zIta sparza nahIM hai; kyoMki uSNatA hai"| isa udAharaNa meM 'zIta sparza kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'uSNatA hetu / kintu uSNatA agni kA vyApya hai jo ki pratiSedhyabhUta zItasparza kA virodhI hai| ataH yaha viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa hai| isa udAharaNa ke AdhAra para viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu kA lakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki pratiSedha sAdhaka, viruddha tathA vyApyarUpa hetu kA pAyA jAnA, arthAt sAdhya padArtha ke viruddha padArtha ke vyApya kA pAyA jAnA 'viruddhavyApyopalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| ___ (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu - viruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - "yahA~ para zIta sparza nahIM hai, kyoMki yahA~ dhUma hai" |20 isa anumAna meM 'zIta sparza kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'dhUma' hetu / kintu 'dhUma' pratiSedhya sAdhya zIta sparza ke virodhI padArtha 'agni' kA kArya hai| isalie yaha viruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa / hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratiSedha sAdhaka, virodhI aura kAryarUpa hetu kA pAyA jAnA, arthAt pratiSedhya sAdhya padArtha ke viruddha padArtha ke kArya kA pAyA jAnA 'viruddhakAryopalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| (3) viruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu - aura pratiSedha-sAdhaka, viruddha tathA kAraNarUpa upalabdha hetu ko 'viruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM athavA pratiSedha sAdhya padArtha ke viruddha padArtha ke kAraNa kA pAyA jAnA 'viruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, isa prANI meM sukha nahIM hai, kyoMki hRdaya meM zalya hai| isa anumAna meM prANI meM sukha kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura hRdaya meM zalya honA' hetu| yahA~ hetu zalya' sukha ke virodhI duHkha kA kAraNa hai| ataH yaha viruddhakAraNopalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa hai| (4) viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu - pratiSedha-sAdhaka, viruddha tathA pUrvacararUpa upalabdha hetu ko, arthAt pratiSedhya sAdhya padArtha ke virodhI padArtha ke pUrvacara kA pAyA jAnA

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jainavidyA 24 'viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM - eka muhUrta ke pazcAt rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhI revatI nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai|22 yahA~ para rohiNI ke udaya kA virodhI azvinI kA udaya hai, usakA pUrvacara revatI nakSatra hai| ataH revatI kA udaya rohiNI ke viruddha pUrvacara kahalAtA hai| (5) viruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu - pratiSedhya sAdhya padArtha ke viruddha padArtha ke uttaracara kA pAyA jAnA 'viruddhauttaracaropalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai| parIkSAmukha' meM isakA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki eka muhUrta pahale bharaNI kA udaya nahIM huA hai; kyoMki puSya nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai| yahA~ bharaNI ke udaya kA virodhI punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya hai aura usakA uttaracara puSya nakSatra kA udaya hai| ataH puSya nakSatra kA udaya bharaNI nakSatra ke udaya kA viruddha uttaracara hone ke kAraNa yaha viruddhottaracaropalabdhi hetu' kA udAharaNa hai| (6) viruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu - parIkSAmukha meM viruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - "isa bhitti (dIvAra) meM usa ora ke bhAga (parabhAga) kA abhAva nahIM hai; kyoMki isa ora kA bhAga (arvAgbhAga) dikhAI de rahA hai"24| isa udAharaNa meM 'dIvAra ke parabhAga kA abhAva' sAdhya padArtha hai aura sAdhya padArtha kA virodhI padArtha hai 'dIvAra ke parabhAga kA sadbhAva' tathA sAdhya padArtha ke virodhI padArtha - dIvAra ke parabhAga kA sadbhAva - kA sahacara hai 'dIvAra ke arvAgbhAga kA sadbhAva' / ataH yaha viruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa hai| isase spaSTa hai ki pratiSedha sAdhya padArtha ke virodhI padArtha ke sahacara ke sadbhAva ko 'viruddhasahacaropalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| anulabdhi hetu - hetu kA dUsarA bheda hai - 'anupalabdhi hetu' / anupalabdhi hetu bhI upalabdhi hetu ke samAna do prakAra kA hai - 1. aviruddha anupalabdhi hetu aura 2. viruddha anupalabdhi hetu / 1. aviruddha anupalabdhi hetu - aviruddha anupalabdhi hetu pratiSedha-sAdhaka hotA hai, arthAt abhAva ko siddha karanevAlA hotA hai| isake sAta bheda haiM - (1) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu, (2) aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi hetu, (3) aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu, (4) aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu, (5) aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi hetu, (6) aviruddhottaracarAnupalabdhi hetu aura (7) aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi hetu|25 parIkSAmukha evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM aviruddhopalabdhi hetu ke bhedoM kI bhA~ti, aviruddha anupalabdhi hetu ke bhedoM ke bhI lakSaNa nahIM diye gaye haiN| unake mAtra udAharaNa diye gaye haiM jo nimnalikhita rUpa se haiM -

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86 jainavidyA 24 (1) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu - kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - "isa bhUtala para ghaTa nahIM hai; kyoMki upalabdhi yogya svabhAva ke hone para bhI vaha anupalabdhi hai"26 | isa udAharaNa meM 'ghaTAbhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'ghaTa ke upalabdhi yogya svabhAva ke hone para bhI anupalabdha honA' hetu| isa anumAna meM ghaTa ke svabhAva kI anupalabdhi se ghaTa ke nahIM hone kI siddhi kI gaI hai| isalie yaha aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu kA udAharaNa hai| isa udAharaNa ke AdhAra para isakA lakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, sAdhya padArtha ke svabhAva kI anupalabdhi athavA pratiSedha sAdhaka, aviruddha tathA svabhAva rUpa anupalabdha hetu ko 'aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| (2) aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi hetu - sAdhya padArtha ke vyApaka ke abhAva ko 'aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "yahA~ para zIzama nahIM hai, kyoMki yahA~ vRkSa kI anupalabdhi hai"| isa anumAna meM 'zIzama kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'vRkSa kI anupalabdhi' hetu| 'zIzamatva' vyApya hai aura 'vRkSatva' vyaapk| jaba vyApaka kA abhAva hotA hai taba vyApya kA abhAva anivArya rUpa se hotA hai| yahA~ anupalabdha rUpa vyApaka ko hetu banAyA gayA hai| isalie yaha aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi hetu hai| (3) aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu - isakA udAharaNa hai - "yahA~ para apratibaddha sAmarthyavAlI agni nahIM hai; kyoMki yahA~ dhUma kA abhAva hai"28 / isa anumAna meM 'apratibaddha sAmarthyavAlI agni kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'dhUma kA abhAva' hetu| apratibaddha sAmarthyavAlI agni 'kAraNa' hai aura dhUma 'kArya' / 'apratibaddha sAmarthya' se yahA~ abhiprAya hai apane kArya karane meM samartha / isa anumAna meM sAdhya kI siddhi sAdhya padArtha 'agni' ke avirodhI kArya 'dhUma' ke abhAva se kI gaI hai| ataH yaha hetu aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu hai| isakA lakSaNa hama isa prakAra kara sakate haiM ki sAdhya padArtha ke kArya kI anupalabdhi ko, arthAt pratiSedha sAdhaka, aviruddha aura kAryarUpa anupalabdha hetu ko 'aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiN| (4) aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu - isake viparIta sAdhya padArtha ke kAraNa kI anupalabdhi ko 'aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai; kyoMki yahA~ agni nahIM hai"29| isa anumAna meM 'dhUmAbhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'agnyAbhAva' het / dhUma 'kArya' hai aura 'agni' kaarnn| yahA~ dhUma ke aviruddha agni kI anupalabdhi rUpa hetu se dhUma ke abhAva kI siddhi kI gaI hai| isalie yaha hetu aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu hai| (5) aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi hetu - pratiSedha sAdhaka, aviruddha, aura pUrvacara kA anupalabdha hetu ko athavA sAdhya padArtha ke pUrvacara kI anupalabdhi ko

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jainavidyA 24 'aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "eka muhUrta ke pazcAt rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA; kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huaa|"30| isa anumAna meM sAdhya padArtha, rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya, kA pUrvacara kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya hai, aura usake abhAva se rohiNI nakSatra ke udaya ke abhAva ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha hetu aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi hetu hai| (6) aviruddhottaracarAnupalabdhi hetu - isake viparIta sAdhya padArtha ke uttaracara kI anupalabdhi ko 'aviruddhottaracarAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "eka muhUrta se pahale bharaNI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huA hai; kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huA hai"| isa anumAna meM sAdhya padArtha, bharaNI nakSatra kA udaya, kA uttaracara hai kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya aura usake - kRttikA nakSatra ke udaya ke - abhAva se bharaNI nakSatra ke udaya ke abhAva ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha hetu aviruddhottaracarAnupalabdhi hetu hai| - (7) aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi hetu - sAdhya padArtha ke sahacara kI anupalabdhi ko 'aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi hetu' kahate haiM, jaise - "isa samatulA (= samAna yA ThIka tolanevAlI tarAjU) meM 'unnAma' (= eka ora nIcApana) nahIM hai; kyoMki isameM 'nAma' (= dUsarI ora nIcApana) nahIM pAyA jAtA hai"32| isa udAharaNa meM tarAjU meM 'unnAma kA abhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'nAma kI anupalabdhi' hetu / 'nAma' kI anupalabdhi se 'unnAma' kI anupalabdhi kI siddhi kI gaI hai, aura 'nAma' unnAma kA avirodhI sahacara hai| ataH yaha aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi hetu hai| ___ 2. viruddhAnupalabdhi hetu - anupalabdhi hetu kA dUsarA bheda hai - viruddhaanuplbdhi| viruddhAnupalabdhi hetu vidhi-sAdhaka hai, arthAt sadbhAva ko siddha karanevAlA hai| dhyAtavya hai, yadyapi viruddhAnupalabdhi hetu anupalabdhi athavA abhAvarUpa hotA hai kintu, phira bhI, apane sAdhya ke sadabhAva ko siddha karatA hai| vidhirUpa sAdhya ke rahane para viruddhAnupalabdhi hetu ke tIna bheda haiM - (1) viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu, (2) viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu aura (3) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu| (1) viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu - sAdhya se viruddha padArtha ke kArya kA nahIM pAyA jAnA 'viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai, jaise - "isa prANI meM vyAdhi-vizeSa hai; kyoMki isameM rogarahita ceSTA, arthAt niroga ke samAna ceSTA nahIM pAI jAtI hai|"34 isa

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jaina vidyA 24 anumAna meM 'vyAdhi-vizeSa kA sadbhAva' sAdhya hai aura 'rogarahita ceSTA kA abhAva ' hetu / sAdhya kA virodhI hai 'vyAdhi - vizeSa kI anupalabdhi', aura usakA kArya hai 'rogarahita ceSTA' usa kArya kI anupalabdhi, arthAt sAdhya se viruddha padArtha ke rUpa 'rogarahita ceSTA ' kA abhAva viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi hetu hai| 88 (2) viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu - sAdhya se viruddha padArtha ke kAraNa kI anupalabdhi 'viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai, jaise- "isa prANI meM duHkha hai; kyoMki iSTasaMyoga (=abhISTa padArtha kA saMyoga ) kA abhAva hai / isa anumAna meM 'duHkha' sAdhya hai aura 'iSTa-saMyoga kA abhAva' hetu / sAdhyarUpa duHkha kA virodhI 'sukha' hai tathA isakA kAraNa iSTa-saMyoga hai| usa iSTa- saMyoga rUpa kAraNa kI isa prANI meM anupalabdhi hai| ataH yaha viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi hetu hai / (3) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu - sAdhya ke viruddha padArtha ke svabhAva kA nahIM pAyA jAnA 'viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu' kahalAtA hai, jaise- " vastu anekAntAtmaka hai; kyoMki ekAntasvarUpa pAyA nahIM jAtA hai" 36 / isa anumAna meM 'anekAntAtmaka' sAdhya hai aura 'ekAnta svarUpa kA abhAva' hetu / vastu ke anekAntAtmaka rUpa sAdhya kA virodhI 'nityatva' Adi ekAntika padArtha haiM aura unakA svarUpa ekAntika hai / kintu ekAntika svarUpa vAstavika nahIM hai / isalie usakA abhAva hai / isa prakAra sAdhya ke virodhI padArtha, nityatva Adi padArtha, ke ekAnta svarUpa anupalabdhi hone ke kAraNa yaha 'viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi' hetu hai| hetu ke uparyukta bhedoM ko hama nimnalikhita cArTa ke dvArA darzA sakate haiM hetu upalabdhi hetu viruddhopalabdhi ( pratiSedha - sAdhaka ) anupalabdhi hetu aviruddhAnupalabdhi ( pratiSedha-sAdhaka) aviruddhopalabdhi (vidhi - sAdhaka) 1. aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi 1. viruddhavyApyopalabdhi 1. aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi 1. viruddhabhAvAnupalabdhi 2. aviruddhakAryopalabdhi 2. viruddhakAryopalabdhi 2. aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi 2. viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi 3. aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi 3 viruddhakAraNopalabdhi 3. aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi 3 viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi 4. aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi 4. viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi 4. aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi 5. aviruddhottaracaropalabdhi 5. viruddhottaracaropalabdhi 5. aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi viruddhAnupalabdhi ( vidhi - sAdhaka ) 6. aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi 6. viruddhasahacaropalabdhi 6. aviruddhauttaracarAnupalabdhi 7. aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi

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jaina vidyA 24 1.2.1.3. hetvAbhAsa dhyAtavya hai - sAmAnyataH hetvAbhAsa kI carcA anumAna ke anta meM kI jAtI hai / kintu hetu kI avadhAraNA ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hetvAbhAsa kA jJAna ho| ataH yahA~ hetu kA prakaraNa hone ke kAraNa hetvAbhAsa kI carcA yahIM kI jA rahI hai| sAmAnyataH hetu ke AbhAsa ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM, arthAt jo sAdhana sAdhya ko siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai, jo vastutaH hetu nahIM hai kintu hetu ke samAna pratIta hotA hai usa ahetu kA hetu ke rUpa meM AbhAsa 'hetvAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai / prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArttaNDa meM hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - . tadviparItAstu hetvAbhAsAH " 37 arthAt (sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita hai vaha hetu hai aura usake 'viparIta hetvAbhAsa / anya zabdoM meM, sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita nahIM hai vaha hetvAbhAsa hai| mANikyanandI ke anusAra hetvAbhAsa cAra prakAra kA hai - 1. asiddha, 2. viruddha, 3. anekAntika aura 4. akiJcitkara | 38 1. asiddha hetvAbhAsa mANikyanandi ne asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - - 66 89 66 'asatsattAnizcayo'siddhaH" 6.22 (5.22) arthAt jisa hetu kI sattA kA abhAva ho athavA nizcaya na ho, use 'asiddhahetvAbhAsa' kahate haiN| asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke do bheda haiM. - (1) svarUpAsiddha aura ( 2 ) sandigdhAsiddha | 39 (1) svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa - jisa hetu kA svarUpa se hI abhAva ho, arthAt jisa hetu kI sAdhya meM sattA nahIM ho, use 'svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise - zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hai (cakSu se jAnA jAtA hai ) " isa anumAna meM 'cAkSuSa' hetu hai jo svarUpa se hI asiddha hai; kyoMki zabda svarUpa se zrAvaNa hai na kI cAkSuSa / ataH zabda meM cAkSuSa kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha svarUpa se asiddha hai / (2) sandigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa - jisa hetu ke rahane kA nizcaya na ho, arthAt sandeha ho, use 'sandigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise mugdha buddhi puruSa ( jisane agni aura dhUma ke sambandha ko yathAvat nahIM jAnA hai, aisA bholA-bhAlA vyakti athavA alpajJa buddhivAlA vyakti) ke prati kahanA ki yahA~ agni hai; kyoMki yahA~ dhUma hai / isa

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jainavidyA 24 anumAna kA hetu 'dhUma' sandigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai; kyoMki mugdha buddhi puruSa ko agni aura dhUma ke sambandha kA nizcaya nahIM hone ke kAraNa cUlhe se tatkAla utAre hue dAlabhAta Adi ke pAtra se nikalanevAle vASpa (bhApa) ko dekhakara agni kA sandeha ho sakatA hai| 2. viruddha hetvAbhAsa viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai - "viparItanizcitAvinAbhAvo viruddho'pariNAmI zabdaH kRtktvaat|"6.29 (5.29) arthAt sAdhya se viparIta padArtha ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita ho, use 'viruddha hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise zabda apariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai| isa anumAna meM hetu 'kRtakatva' sAdhya 'apariNAmI' ke virodhI pariNAmI' ke sAtha vyApta hai arthAt kRtakatva rUpa hetu kA apariNAmI rUpa sAdhya ke viparIta padArtha 'pariNAmI' ke sAtha vyApta hai| isalie yaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai| 3. anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa parIkSAmukha meM anaikAntika (vyabhicArI) hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai - "vipksse'pyviruddhvRttirnaikaantikH|" 6.30 (5.30) arthAt, jisakA vipakSa meM rahanA bhI aviruddha hai, anya zabdoM meM, jo hetu pakSasapakSa ke samAna vipakSa meM bhI binA kisI virodha ke rahatA hai vaha anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa' . kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM - (1) nizcitavipakSavRtti aura (2) zaMkitavipakSavRtti / (1) nizcitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa - jo hetu nizcitarUpa se, pakSa-sapakSa ke samAna, vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai use 'nizcitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise - zabda anitya hai; kyoMki vaha prameya (pramANa kA viSaya) hai| jo prameya hotA vaha anitya hotA hai jaise ghtt| isa anumAna meM hetu prameyatva' pakSa 'zabda' aura sapakSa 'ghaTa' meM rahatA huA anitya ke vipakSa nitya AkAza meM bhI rahatA hai| ataH yaha hetu nizcitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| (2) zaMkitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa - jisakA vipakSa meM rahanA saMzayAspada ho vaha 'zaMkitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa' hai, jaise - sarvajJa nahIM

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jainavidyA 24 hai; kyoMki vaha bolatA hai| isa anumAna kA hetu 'vaktRtva' sarvajJa aura asarvajJa donoM meM pAyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki sarvajJa ke sAtha vaktRtva kA koI virodha nahIM hai (jo sarvajJa hai vaha bolatA nahIM hai aisA koI niyama nahIM hai|) sarvajJatva aura vaktRtva meM virodha isalie nahIM hai; kyoMki jJAna ke utkarSa meM vacanoM kA apakarSa nahIM dekhA jAtA hai balki prakarSatA hI dekhI jAtI hai| isalie kisI puruSa-vizeSa meM sarvajJatva bhI raha sakatA hai aura vaktRtva bhI raha sakatA hai| ataH hetu vaktRtva ke vipakSa 'sarvajJa' meM rahane kI zaMkA hone ke kAraNa isa hetu ko 'zaMkitavipakSavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiN| 4. akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa akizcitkara hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai - "siddhe pratyakSAdibAdhite ca sAdhye heturkinycitkrH|"6.35 (5.35) arthAt sAdhya ke siddha hone para aura pratyakSAdi pramANa se bAdhita hone para prayukta hetu, anya zabdoM meM, jaba sAdhya pahale se hI siddha ho athavA pratyakSa Adi kisI pramANa se bAdhita ho, usa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie jo hetu diyA jAtA hai jo ki usa sAdhya kA kucha bhI siddhi nahIM kara pAtA hai; kyoMki yA to sAdhya pahale se hI siddha hai yA bAdhita hai, usa hetu ko 'akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise zabda zrAvaNa (zravaNa indriya kA viSaya) hai; kyoMki vaha zabda hai| isa anumAna meM 'zabdatva' hetu ke dvArA sAdhya 'zabda zrAvaNatva' arthAt 'zabda kA kAna se sunA jAnA' kI siddhi kI jA rahI hai jo vyartha hai; kyoMki 'zabda kA kAna se sunA jAnA' to pahale se hI siddha hai| zabdatva ke dvArA kucha bhI siddhi nahIM ho rahI hai| ataH yaha 'asiddha akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa' hai| aura pramANabAdhita akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa kA udAharaNa hai - agni uSNa nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha dravya hai| isa anumAna meM 'dravyatva' hetu ke dvArA sAdhya 'agni kI uSNatArahitatA' kI siddhi kI jA rahI hai| kintu agni kA uSNatArahita to pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai| ataH isa hetu ke dvArA sAdhya kA kucha bhI siddha nahIM hone ke kAraNa yaha hetu pramANabAdhita akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa hai| 1.2.2. sAdhya mANikyanandi ne 'sAdhya' kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - "iSTamabAdhitamasiddhaM saadhym|" 3.16 (3.20)

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jainavidyA 24 arthAt iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha padArtha ko 'sAdhya' kahate haiN| jise vAdI siddha karanA cAhatA hai use 'iSTa' kahate haiN| jisameM pratyakSa Adi kisI pramANa se bAdhA na AtI ho use 'abAdhita' kahate haiN| aura jo kisI pramANa se siddha nahIM huA ho use 'asiddha' kahate haiN| prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM asiddha kA lakSaNa kiyA hai ki "saMzaya Adi ke vyavaccheda se padArtha kA svarUpa jJAta honA 'siddha' kahalAtA hai aura isake viparIta 'asiddha',43 arthAt padArtha ke svarUpa kA jJAta nahIM honA 'asiddha' kahalAtA hai| dhyAtavya hai, sAdhya ke isa lakSaNa meM iSTa Adi tIna vizeSaNoM ko samAviSTa karane ke pIche eka vizeSa prayojana rahA hai, vaha yaha ki sAdhya ke isa lakSaNa meM 'iSTa' pada, ko samAhita kara sAdhya rUpa se aniSTa padArthoM kA parihAra kiyA gayA hai arthAt aniSTa padArtha sAdhya rUpa nahIM ho athavA aniSTa padArthoM meM sAdhyapanA nahIM mAnA jaae| isalie sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM iSTa pada kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| yadi sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM 'iSTa' pada prayukta nahIM kiyA gayA hotA taba 'aniSTa' padArthoM meM sAdhyapanA A jAtA arthAt aniSTa padArtha bhI sAdhya rUpa ho jAte (aura sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM ativyApti doSa kA prasaMga A jaataa)| jaise zabda meM sarvathA nityapanA siddha karanA jainoM ke lie aniSTa hai; kyoMki jaina 'zabda' ko sarvathA nitya nahIM mAnate haiN| sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM 'abAdhita' pada prayukta kara sAdhya rUpa se pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita padArthoM kA parihAra kiyA gayA hai| anya zabdoM meM, pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita padArthoM ke, jaise zabda ko azrAvaNa kahanA pratyakSa bAdhi hai, aise padArthoM ke sAdhyapanA (sAdhyarUpa) nahIM ho| isalie sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM 'abAdhita' pada prayukta kiyA gayA hai| yadi sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM abAdhita ko samAhita nahIM kiyA gayA hotA taba pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita padArtha bhI sAdhya rUpa arthAt sAdhya kI zreNI meM A jaate| aura, saMdigdha,45 viparyasta aura avyutpanna" ina tIna prakAra ke padArthoM ke sAdhyapanA pratipAdana karane ke lie arthAt saMdigdha, viparyasta aura avyutpanna padArtha sAdhya rUpa ho sake, isa hetu sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM asiddha' pada kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai|48 jJAtavya hai, mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra sAdhya ke lakSaNa meM prayukta 'iSTa' aura 'asiddha' vizeSaNoM meM se 'iSTa' vizeSaNa to vAdI kI apekSA se hai; kyoMki, pahale, apane iSTa tattva ke pratipAdana ke lie arthAt dUsare ko samajhAne ke lie icchA (icchA kA viSayabhUta padArtha iSTa kahA jAtA hai) vAdI (vaktA) kI hotI hai, na ki prativAdI kii| dUsare, vAdI kA jo iSTa hotA hai vahI 'sAdhya' hotA hai, na ki sabakA iSTa

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jainavidyA 24 sAdhya hotA hai| aura 'asiddha' vizeSaNa prativAdI kI apekSA se prayukta huA hai,49 kyoMki prativAdI ko sAdhya kA svarUpa jJAta nahIM hotA hai| ___ dhyAtavya hai, sAmAnyataH 'dharma' - dharmI athavA pakSa kA sAdhya rUpa vizeSaNa - ko hI sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| kintu mANikyanandI aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra kahIM para 'dharma' sAdhya hotA hai aura kahIM para 'dharma-viziSTa dharmI' 15deg unake anusAra 'vyApti-kAla' meM 'dharma', jaise agni, hI sAdhya hotA hai; kyoMki usake sAtha hI hetu kI vyApti saMbhava hai| aura 'prayoga-kAla'52 meM 'dharma viziSTa dharmI' - jaise agni rUpa dharma se viziSTa/vizeSita parvata - sAdhya hotA hai; kyoMki 'dharmI' ke pratiniyata sAdhya dharma rUpa vizeSaNa dvArA viziSTa hone ke kAraNa usI ko siddha karanA iSTa hotA hai| anya zabdoM meM, sAdhya dharma ke vizeSaNa dvArA yukta hone ke kAraNa dharmI ko hI siddha karanA iSTa hotA hai| isalie prayogakAla meM dharma viziSTa dharmI-dharma - dharmI kI saMyuktA - sAdhya hotA hai| yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki 'dharmI' kyA hai athavA dharmI kA svarUpa kyA hai? 1.2.3. dharmI/pakSa dharmI ko 'pakSa' kahate haiM, jaisA ki mANikyanandi ne likhA hai - "pakSa iti yAvat' 3.22 (3.26) aura jisameM sAdhya rahatA hai use pakSa arthAt dharmI kahate haiN| punaH mANikyanandi ne dharmI ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai - ___"prasiddho dhrmii|" 3.23 (3.27) 'arthAt, dharmI prasiddha hotA hai| dharmI athavA pakSa kI prasiddhi arthAt siddhi tIna prakAra se hotI hai - pramANa se, vikalpa se aura ubhaya se| dharmI athavA pakSa kisI anumAna meM pramANa siddha hotA hai, kisI anumAna meM vikalpa siddha hotA hai aura kisI anumAna meM ubhaya siddh| jaba dharmI yA pakSa pratyakSa Adi pramANa se siddha hotA hai taba use pramANasiddha kahate haiM, jaise - yaha pradeza agniyukta hai| yahA~ agniyukta pradeza pratyakSa pramANasiddha hai| jisa dharmI yA pakSa kA astitva aura nAstitva donoM hI kisI pramANa se siddha na ho, taba usakI siddhi ko vikalpasiddha kahate haiN| dhyAtavya hai jaba dharmI vikalpasiddha hotA hai taba sattA aura asattA donoM hI sAdhya hote haiN| arthAt jaba dharmI/pakSa vikalpasiddha hotA hai taba sAdhya sattA rUpa bhI ho sakatA hai aura asattA rUpa bhii| sunizcita bAdhaka-pramANa ke abhAva se to 'sattA' sAdhya hai aura prApta yogya

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jaina vidyA 24 kI anupalabdhi se 'asattA' sAdhya hai, jaise sarvajJa hai aura khara - viSANa nahIM hai / " yahA~ para 'sarvajJa' aura 'khara - viSANa' donoM hI vikalpasiddha dharmI haiM / sarvajJa meM 'usakA koI sunizcita bAdhaka pramANa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai' isa hetu se usakI 'sattA' kI siddhi kI gaI hai aura khara-viSANa meM 'prApta yogya hokara bhI anupalabdha hai' isa hetu se usakI 'asattA' (nAstitva) kI siddhi kI gaI hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikalpasiddha dharmI meM 'sattA' aura 'asattA' donoM hI sAdhya haiM / aura, pramANa tathA vikalpa ina donoM se siddha dharmI ko ubhayasiddha dharmI kahate haiM, jaise- zabda pariNAmI hai" / yahA~ para niyata digdezavartI vartamAna kAlavAle zabda kI pariNamanazIlatA to pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai kintu aniyata digdezavartI vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSyat kAlavAle zabdoM kI pariNamanazIlatA vikalpa se siddha hai| ataH zabda ko ubhayasiddha dharmI mAnA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai, pramANasiddha aura ubhayasiddha dharmI meM 'sAdhya dharma viziSTatA' (sAdhya se viziSTatA athavA dharma viziSTa dharmI) arthAt 'saMyuktatA' sAdhya hotA hai / 94 pakSAbhAsa dhyAtavya hai, anumAna karate samaya yaha nizcita kara lenA cAhie ki jo anumAna kiyA jA rahA hai usakA 'pakSa' yA 'dharmI' vAstavika hai athavA nhiiN| aneka bAra jo 'pakSa' nahIM hotA hai use 'pakSa' yA 'dharmI' mAna liyA jAtA hai jisake kAraNa honevAlA anumAna jJAna ayathArtha hotA hai / kisI anumAna jJAna ke yathArtha hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki usakA 'pakSa' vAstavika ho, aura pakSa kI vAstavikatA isa bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki usa pakSa meM jisa sAdhya kI siddhi kI jA rahI hai vaha yathArtha meM sAdhya hai athavA nhiiN| jahA~ sAdhya yathArtha hotA hai vahA~ pakSa bhI vAstavika hotA hai aura jahA~ sAdhya ayathArtha hotA hai vahA~ pakSa bhI avAstavika hotA hai, arthAt jahA~ sAdhya ayathArtha hotA hai vahA~ pakSa nahIM 'pakSAbhAsa' hotA hai| kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM aniSTa, bAdhita aura siddha padArtha ko sAdhya banAnA yA siddha karanA 'pakSAbhAsa' hai| 58 pakSAbhAsa tIna prakAra kA hai (1) aniSTa pakSAbhAsa, ( 2 ) bAdhita pakSAbhAsa aura (3) siddha pakSAbhAsa / - (1) aniSTa pakSAbhAsa jisa pakSa meM aniSTapanA ho arthAt aniSTa sAdhya ho taba use 'aniSTa pakSAbhAsa' kahate haiM, jaise - ' zabda nitya hai', yahA~ pakSa 'zabda' hai jisameM ke anusAra zabda nitya nahIM hai balki anitya hai| aniSTapanA hai; kyoMki jainoM (2) bAdhita pakSAbhAsa kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM pramANa, loka aura sva-vacana se bAdhita sAdhya ko siddha karanA 'bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai / bAdhita pakSAbhAsa pA~ca prakAra kA hai" - (i) pratyakSa bAdhita, (ii) anumAna bAdhita, (iii) Agama bAdhita, -

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jainavidyA 24 (iv) loka bAdhita aura (v) sva-vacana bAdhita pakSAbhAsa / kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita sAdhya ko mAnanA yA siddha karanA ' pratyakSa bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai, jaise - agni uSNatArahita hai, kyoMki vaha dravya hai / kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM anumAna pramANa se bAdhita sAdhya ko siddha karanA 'anumAna bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai, jaise - zabda apariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai| kisI pakSa - - vizeSa meM Agama pramANa se bAdhita sAdhya ko svIkAra karanA 'Agama bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai, jaise dharma paraloka meM duHkha denevAlA hai, kyoMki vaha puruSa ke Azrita hai / kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM lokabAdhita sAdhya ko siddha karanA 'loka bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' haiM, jaise manuSya ke sira kA kapAla pavitra hai; kyoMki vaha prANI kA aMga hai / (loka meM nara - kapAla ko apavitra mAnA gayA hai|) kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM sva-vacana se bAdhita sAdhya kI sattA ko svIkAra karanA 'sva-vacana bAdhita pakSAbhAsa' kahalAtA hai, jaise - merI mAtA bandhyA hai| 95 - (3) siddha pakSAbhAsa - kisI pakSa - vizeSa meM pUrva siddha sAdhya ko svIkAra karanA yA siddha karanA 'siddha pakSAbhAsa' hai, jaise zabda zrAvaNa hai|deg isa anumAna meM zabda kAna se sunA jAtA hai yaha to pahale se hI jJAta hai arthAt siddha hai / ataH yaha siddha pakSAbhAsa hai / 1.3. anumAna ke avayava mANikyanandi ke anusAra 'vAda' (zAstrArtha) meM uparyukta 'pakSa' (pratijJA) aura 'hetu' ye do hI avayava hote haiM, udAharaNa Adi nahIM, aura 'zAstra' (zAstra ke paThana-pAThanakAla) meM AvazyakatA anusAra tIna, cAra aura pA~ca avayava ho sakate haiN|" dhyAtavya hai, 'vAda' meM vyutpanna puruSoM ( nyAya - zAstra meM pravINa vyakti) kA hI adhikAra hotA hai| avyutpanna puruSoM kA nahIM tathA vyutpanna - prayoga tathopapatti yA anyathAnupapatti ke dvArA kiye jAne kA prAvadhAna hai arthAt vyutpanna puruSoM ke lie anumAna kA prayoga pratijJA ke sAtha tathopapatti yA anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu se kiyA jAtA hai, jaise yaha pradeza agnivAlA hai; kyoMki agnivAlA hone para hI dhUmavAlA ho sakatA hai athavA agni ke abhAva meM dhUmavAlA nahIM ho sakatA / 62 isa prakAra jisa hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva / vyApti nizcita hai aise hetu ke prayogamAtra se hI, udAharaNa Adi ke binA hI, vyutpanna vyakti vyApti kA nizcaya kara lete haiN| 3 dUsare, jJAtavya hai, kisI hetu kA sva-sAdhya ke prati hetupanA yA hetutva hone meM athavA hetutva pradAna karane meM 'samarthana' 64 hI upayogI hai aura vahI hetu kA vAstavika rUpa hai / vahI sAdhya kI siddhi meM upayogI hai| isa sandarbha meM maNikyanandi ne parIkSAmukha meM likhA hai -

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96 jainavidyA 24 "samarthanaM vA varaM heturUpam... tadupayogAt" / (3.41) isalie sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| mANikyanandi ne udAharaNa Adi ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA athavA upayogitA ko nakArate hue likhA hai ki 'udAharaNa' ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA tIna sthAnoM para ho sakatI hai - sAdhya kA jJAna karAne ke lie, hetu kA avinAbhAva batalAne ke lie, aura vyApti kA smaraNa karane ke lie| kintu tInoM hI sthAnoM para udAharaNa ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| pahale, sAdhya kA jJAna karAne ke lie udAharaNa kI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hai kyoMki sAdhya kA jJAna sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rUpa nizcita (yathokta yA sAdhyAvinAbhAvI) hetu ke prayoga se hI ho jAtA hai, arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva hai aise hetu ke dvArA hI sAdhya kA bodha ho jAne se udAharaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| dUsare, hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita karane ke lie bhI udAharaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kyoMki vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa se hI avinAbhAva kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt amuka hetu vipakSa meM sarvathA asambhava hai, isa prakAra ke bAdhaka pramANa se hI hetu kA avinAbhAva siddha ho jAtA hai| aura tIsare, vyApti smaraNa ke lie bhI udAharaNa ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki vyApti kA smaraNa to 'sAdhya ke binA nahIM honevAle hetu' ke prayoga se hI ho jAtA hai| inake atirikta, sAdhya kI siddhi meM udAharaNa kA prayoga upayogI nahIM balki anupayogI hai; kyoMki upanaya aura nigamana ke binA yadi kevala udAharaNa kA prayoga kiyA jAe to vaha sAdhya dharmavAle dharmI (pakSa) meM sAdhya ke siddha karane meM sandeha utpanna karA detA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki udAharaNa kA prayoga sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie anupayogI aura saMzaya kA kAraNa hai| ___ mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra 'upanaya' aura 'nigamana' bhI anumAna ke avayava nahIM haiM; kyoMki sAdhyadharmI meM, sAdhya aura hetu kA kathana karane se hI saMzaya dUra ho jAtA hai, isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki vAdakAla meM udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana anumAna ke avayava nahIM hote haiN| kintu, jaisAki hama Upara kaha Aye haiM ki zAstrakAla meM udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana kA upayoga hai| yahA~ dhAtavya hai ki vAdakAla ke avayavoM - pakSa aura hetu - ke svarUpa kI carcA to Upara, anumAna ke ghaTakoM ke sandarbha meM kI jA cukI hai, kintu udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ke svarUpa kI carcA nahIM huI hai| ataH yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki inakA, udAharaNa Adi kA, svarUpa kyA hai? pratyuttara meM, jahA~ para vAdI aura

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jainavidyA 24 97 prativAdI ke dvArA binA vivAda ke sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM ko anvaya rUpa se athavA vyatireka rUpa se dikhAyA jAe use 'udAharaNa' yA 'dRSTAnta' kahate haiN| udAharaNa yA dRSTAnta do prakAra kA hai - (ka) anvaya dRSTAnta aura (kha) vyatireka dRSTAnta - dRSTAnto dvedhA anvayavyatirekabhedAt / (parIkSAmukha, 3.44) (i) anvaya dRSTAnta - jahA~ para sAdhya se vyApta sAdhana ko arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha nizcaya se vyApti rakhanevAle sAdhana ko dikhAyA jAe use 'anvaya dRSTAnta' kahate haiM,70 jaise - jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM rasoIghara / (ii) vyatireka dRSTAnta - jahA~ para sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva dikhalAyA jAe use 'vyatireka dRSTAnta' kahate haiM, jaise - jahA~ agni nahIM hotI hai vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA hai yathA jlaashy| 'upanaya' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue parIkSAmukha (3.46) meM likhA hai "hetorupasaMhAra upanayaH" arthAt hetu ke upasaMhAra ko 'upanaya' kahate haiN| anya zabdoM meM, hetu kA pakSadharma rUpa se duharAnA upanaya hai, jaise - usI prakAra yaha bhI dhUmavAlA hai| aura, pratijJA ke upasaMhAra ko 'nigamana' kahate haiM - "pratijJAyAstu nigamanam" (parIkSAmukha, 3.47) arthAt pratijJA kA duharAnA nigamana hai, jaise 'ataH yaha agnivAlA hai'| 1.4. avinAbhAva (vyApti) 1.4.1. avinAbhAva kA svarUpa Upara hamane anumAna ke ghaTakoM, vizeSataH sAdhana aura sAdhya ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue dekhA ki sAdhana/hetu kA pradhAna lakSaNa avinAbhAvitva hai aura sAdhya tathA sAdhana ke sambandha ko avinAbhAva kahate haiN| kintu yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki isa sambandha meM avinAbhAva kA svarUpa kyA hai? pratyuttara meM, mANikyanandi ne avinAbhAva ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - "shkrmbhaavniymo'vinaabhaavH|" 3.12 (3.16) arthAt sahabhAva niyama aura kramabhAva niyama avinAbhAva hai| dhyAtavya hai - sahabhAva niyama aura kramabhAva niyama avinAbhAva kA svarUpa bhI hai aura avinAbhAva ke bheda bhii| yugapat arthAt ekasAtha rahanevAle sAdhya aura sAdhana ke sambandha ko 'sahabhAva niyama'

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jainavidyA 24 kahate haiN| yaha niyama sahacArI ( sAtha rahanevAlA) aura vyApya - vyApaka padArthoM meM pAyA jAta hai, 72 jaise - nIbU, Ama Adi padArthoM meM rUpa aura rasa sahacArI hai; kyoMki ina padArthoM meM 'rUpa' rasa ko chor3akara yA 'rasa' rUpa ko chor3akara nahIM pAye jAte haiM; balki donoM sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| isI prakAra ziMzapAtva aura vRkSatva vyApya - vyApaka padArtha haiN| inameM se 'ziMzapAtva' vRkSatva ko chor3akara kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA, ziMzapAtva jaba bhI aura jahA~ bhI pAyA jAtA hai vRkSatva ke sAtha hI pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra sahacArI aura vyApya-vyApaka padArthoM meM sahabhAva niyama arthAt sahabhAva rUpa avinAbhAva sambandha pAyA jAtA hai| 98 kAla ke bheda se kramapUrvaka honevAle sAdhya - sAdhana ke sambandha ko 'kramabhAva niyama' kahate haiM, yaha niyama pUrvacara - uttaracara meM aura kAraNa -kArya meM pAyA jAtA hai, jaise kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya aura rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya pUrvacara - uttaracara hai, kyoMki kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya rohiNI nakSatra ke udaya se eka muhUrtta pahale hotA hai aura rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya kRttikA nakSatra ke udaya se eka muhUrtta pIche hotA hai| isI prakAra agni kI sattA dhUma kI sattA se pahale hai / ataH pUrvacara - uttaracara aura kAraNa -kArya meM kramabhAva niyama arthAt kramabhAva rUpa avinAbhAva sambandha pAyA jAtA hai| 1.4.2. avinAbhAva kA nizcaya ( grahaNa ) avinAbhAva athavA vyApti ke sandarbha meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha uThatA hai ki avinAbhAva yA vyApti kA jJAna kaise hotA hai, arthAt avinAbhAva ke nizcaya athavA grahaNa kA sAdhana kyA hai? pratyuttara meM, mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra avinAbhAva . sambandha kA nirNaya 'tarka' pramANa se hotA hai, jaisA ki mANikyanandi ne 'parIkSAmukha' (3.15/3.19 ) meM likhA hai - - "tarkAttannirNayaH " aura tarka ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - "upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH, idamasmin satyeva bhavatyasati na bhavatyeveti ca yathAgnAveva dhUmastadayAve na bhavatyeveti ca / " ( parIkSAmukha, 3.7-9 se athavA 3.11 - 13 ) arthAt upalambha (sAdhya ke hone para hI sAdhana kA honA) (anvaya) aura anupalambha ( sAdhya ke nahIM hone para sAdhana kA nahIM honA ), ( vyatireka) ke nimitta se jo vyApti kA jJAna hotA hai use 'Uha' arthAt 'tarka' kahate haiM, jaise yaha sAdhana rUpa vastu isa -

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jaina vidyA 24 sAdhya rUpa vastu ke hone para hI hotI hai aura sAdhya rUpa vastu ke nahIM hone para nahIM hotI hai, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM - agni ke hone para hI dhUma hotA hai, agni ke abhAva meM dhUma nahIM hotA hai| 99 jJAtavya hai, prabhAcandra ke anusAra avinAbhAva yA vyApti sadaiva indriyagamya sAdhyasAdhana meM hI nahIM pAyA jAtA hai apitu anekabAra anumAna aura Agamagamya parokSa sAdhya-sAdhana meM bhI avinAbhAva yA vyApti pAI jAtI hai| ataH avinAbhAva yA vyApti ke nizcaya yA jJAna meM anumAna aura Agama bhI nimitta hai / kintu vahA~ bhI unakI vyApti ke jJAna meM upalambha - anupalambha nimitta hone ke kAraNa unakA saMgraha tarka pramANa meM ho jAtA hai| isalie vyApti nizcaya ke nimitta yA sAdhana ke rUpa meM unakI alaga se carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| dUsare, smRti aura pratyabhijJAna bhI vyApti grahaNa yA nizcaya ke sAdhana hai| kintu ye donoM bhI tarka pramANa ke nimitta haiM aura 'tarka pramANa' vyApti-grahaNa kA sAdhana hai| ataH inakI bhI alaga se, svataMtra rUpa se, carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| 73 1.5. anumAna ke bheda - mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra anumAna do prakAra kA hai| 1. svArthAnumAna aura 2 parArthAnumAna, jaisA ki 'parIkSAmukha' ( 3.48-49) likhA hai| " tadanumAnaM dvedhA / svArthaparArthabhedAt / " - 1. svArthAnumAna - unhoMne svArthAnumAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - " svArthamuktalakSaNam" / ( 3.50) ' arthAt Upara jo anumAna sAmAnya kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai vahI sAdhana se honevAlA sAdhya kA jJAna - svArthAnumAna hai| anya zabdoM meM, dUsare ke vacanoM ke binA svataH hI sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo jJAna apane lie hotA hai use 'svArthAnumAna' kahate haiM / isa sandarbha meM prabhAcandra ne (prameyakamalamArttaNDa, sUtra 3.54 kI TIkA meM) likhA hai "svArthamanumAnaM sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamityukta lakSaNam" / 2. parArthAnumAna - aura svArthAnumAna ke viSayabhUta artha kA parAmarza ( viSaya karanA) karanevAle vacanoM se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai use 'parArthAnumAna' kahate haiN| 74 anya zabdoM meM, dUsare ke vacanoM ke dvArA honevAle sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko parArthAnumAna kahate haiM / parArthAnumAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue prabhAcandra ne likhA hai -

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100 jainavidyA 24 _ "tasya svArthAnumAnasyArthaH sAdhyasAdhane tatparAmarzivacanAjAtaM yatsAdhyavijJAnaM tatparArthAnumAnam / "75 1.6. anumAna kA viSaya ___ mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra ke anusAra anumAna kA viSaya 'sAdhya' hai, aura vyAptikAla meM 'dharma' sAdhya hotA hai tathA prayogakAla meM 'dharma viziSTadharmI'. arthAta vyAptikAla meM anumAna 'dharma' ko prakAzita karatA hai aura prayogakAla meM 'dharma viziSTadharmI' ko| ina para carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai| ataH yahA~ inakI vistAra se carcA nahIM kI jA rahI hai| 1.7. anumAna kA phala ___parIkSAmukha (5.1) ke anusAra ajJAna kI nivRtti, hAna, upAdAna, aura upekSA ye pramANa ke phala haiM - ajJAnanivRttirhAnopAdAnopekSAzca phalam / inameM se ajJAna kI nivRtti pramANa yA jJAna kA sAkSAtphala hai aura hAna, upAdAna evaM upekSA ye pAramparyaphala' haiN| anumAna ke sandarbha meM dekheM taba kahA jA sakatA hai - 'sAdhya' arthAt vyAptikAla meM . 'dharma' aura prayogakAla meM 'dharma viziSTadharmI ke ajJAna kI nivRtti hokara usakA prakAzita ho jAnA anumAna kA sAkSAtphala hai| sAdhya ko jAna lene ke pazcAt aniSTa yA ahitakara sAdhya kA parityAga kara denA 'hAna phala' hai, iSTa yA hitakara sAdhya ko grahaNa kara lenA 'upAdAna phala' hai| aura sAdhya ke heya-upAdeya nahIM hone para usake prati udAsIna rahanA 'upekSA phala' hai| anumAna ke ina phaloM ko 'sva' aura 'para' donoM ke hI sandarbha meM grahaNa karanA caahie| 1.8. anumAnAbhAsa sAdhana ke dvArA honevAlA sAdhya kA jJAna sadaiva yathArtha nahIM hotA hai, anekabAra vaha ayathArtha bhI hotA hai| anumAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA usake pakSa, hetu aura anya avayavoM para nirbhara karatI hai| yadi pakSa, hetu aura anya avayava sad haiM taba anumAna yathArtha hogA aura yadi ve asad haiM taba anumAna ayathArtha hogA, arthAt ayathArtha pakSa yA ayathArtha hetu athavA anya ayathArtha avayava ke dvArA honevAlA sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna anumAnAbhAsa hogaa| 1. tattvArthasUtra, sUtra 1.10 (sarvArthasiddhi meM saMkalita), bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillI, chaThA saMskaraNa, 1995. 2. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 1.1. (prameyaratnamAlA meM saMkalita) caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1964.

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jainavidyA 24 101 3. (1) tad dvedhA / pratyakSetara bhedaat| vahI, sUtra 2.1 evaM 2.2. (2) prokssmitrt| vahI, sUtra 3.1. 4. pratyakSAdinimittaM smRtiprtybhijnyaantrvaanumaanaagmbhedm| vahI, sUtra 3.2. 5. sAdhyA'bhAvA'sambhavaniyamanizcayalakSaNAt sAdhanAdeva hi zakyA'bhipretAprasiddhatvalakSaNasya sAdhyasyaiva yadvijJAnaM tdnumaanm| prameyakamalamArtaNDa, (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.14 kI TIkA), pR. 354, satyabhAmAbAI pANDuraMga, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1941. 6. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga dvitIya (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.15 kI TIkA), vR. 327, 328, 363, 388, zrI lAlA musaddIlAla jaina cerITebala TrasTa, 2/4 ansArI roDa, dariyAgaMja, dehalI-110006. 7. vahI, pR. 322. 8. sa hetuddhedhoplbdhynuplbdhibhedaat| parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.53 (3.57) 9. vahI, sUtra 3.55 (3.59) 10. jo pratisamaya pariNamanazIla hokara bhI arthAt pUrva AkAra kA parityAga kara aura uttara AkAra ko dhAraNa karate hue bhI donoM avasthAoM meM apane svatva ko kAyama rakhatA hai use pariNAmI kahate haiN| aisA pariNAmIpanA na sarvathA kUTastha nitya padArtha meM sambhava hai aura na hI sarvathA kSaNika padArtha meN| balki utpAda-vyaya ke hote hue bhI dhruva (sthira) rahanevAle padArthoM meM sambhava hai| prameyaratnamAlA, (hindI), pR. 188, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1964. 11. jo padArtha apanI utpatti meM anya ke vyApAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai use 'kRtaka' kahate haiN| vaha kRtakapanA na to kUTastha nitya padArtha meM sambhava hai aura na hI sarvathA kSaNika padArtha meN| vahI, pR. 187-188. 12. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.61 (3.65) (sarvArthasiddhi meM saMkalita) bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillI, chaThA saMskaraNa, 1995. 13. vahI, sUtra 3.62 (3.66) 14. vahI, sUtra 3.63 (3.67) 15. vahI, sUtra 3.64 (3.68) 16. vahI, sUtra 3.65 (3.69)

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102 jaina vidyA 24 17. vahI, sUtra 3.66 (3.70) 18. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga dvitIya, pR. 404, zrI lAlA musaddIlAla jaina cerITebala TrasTa, 2/4 ansArI roDa, dariyAgaMja, dehalI, prathama saMskaraNa, vi.ni. saM. 2054. 19. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.68 (3.72) 20. vahI, sUtra 3.69 (3.73) 21. vahI, sUtra 3.70 (3.74) 22. vahI, sUtra 3.71 (3.75) 23. vahI, sUtra 3.72 (3.76) 24. vahI, sUtra 3.73 (3.77) 25. vahI, sUtra 3.74 (3.78) 26. vahI, sUtra 3.75 (3.79) 27. vahI, sUtra 3.76 (3.80) 28. vahI, sUtra 3.77 (3.81) 29. vahI, sUtra 3.78 (3.82) 30. vahI, sUtra 3.79 ( 3.83) 31. vahI, sUtra 3.80 (3.84) 32. vahI, sUtra 3.81 (3.85 ) 33. vahI, sUtra 3.82 (3.86) 34. vahI, sUtra 3.83 (3.87) 35. vahI, sUtra 3.84 (3.88) 36. vahI, sUtra 3.85 (3.89) 37. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga - tRtIya ( parIkSAmukha, sUtra 5.21 kI TIkA ), pR. 525, zrI lAlA musaddIlAla jaina cerITebala TrasTa, 2/4, ansArI roDa, dariyAgaMja, dehalI, prathama saMskaraNa, vi.ni. saM. 2504 38. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 6.21. 39. vahI, sUtra 6.23. 40. vahI, sUtra 6.25-26. 41. vahI, sUtra 6.36. 42. (1) vAda ke samaya jo pahale apane pakSa ko sthApita karatA hai use 'vAdI' kahate haiM / (2) icchA kA viSayabhUta padArtha 'iSTa' kahalAtA hai|

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jainavidyA 24 103 43. saMzayAdivyavacchedena hi pratipannamarthasvarUpaM siddhamucyate, tadviparItamasiddham / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.20 kI TIkA) pR. 369, satyabhAmA bAI pANDuraMga nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1941. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.18 (3.22) 45. kisI sthAna para andhakAra Adi ke kAraNa khar3e hue padArtha ko dekhakara yaha sthANu hai athavA puruSa? isa prakAra kisI eka kA nizcaya nahIM hone se ubhaya koTi (pakSa) ke parAmarza karanevAlA saMzaya se saMyukta padArtha ko 'saMdigdha' kahate haiN| prameyaratnamAlA (hindI), pR. 149. 46. yathArtha se viparIta vastu kA nizcaya karanevAle viparyaya jJAna ke viSayabhUta padArtha, jaise sIpa meM cA~dI Adi padArtha, 'viparyasta' kahalAte haiN| vahI, pR. 149. 47. anirNIta vastu ko 'avyutpanna' kahate haiN| arthAt nAma, jAti, saMkhyA Adi ke vizeSa parijJAna na hone se anirNIta viSayavAle anadhyavasAya jJAna se grAhya padArtha ko 'avyutpanna' kahate haiN| vahI, pR. 150. 48. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.17 (3.21) 49. (1) vahI, sUtra 3.19-20 (3.23-24) (2) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-dvitIya (parIkSAmukha sUtra 3.23-24 kI TIkA), pR. 367-368, zrI lAlA musaddIlAla jaina cerITebala TrasTa, 2/4 ansArI roDa, dariyAgaMja dehalI-110006. 50. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.21 (3.25) 51. jahA~-jahA~ sAdhana hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ sAdhya hotA hai, jahA~ sAdhya nahIM hotA hai vahA~ sAdhana bhI nahIM hotA hai, jaise - jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ Aga hotI hai aura jahA~ Aga nahIM hotI vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra se jaba kisI ko sAdhyasAdhana ke avinAbhAva yA vyApti kA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai, taba use 'vyApti kAla' kahate haiN| 52. yaha parvata agnivAlA hai; kyoMki yaha dhUmavAlA hai, isa prakAra se anumAna ke prayoga karane ko prayoga kAla' kahate haiN| arthAt jaba kisI padArtha kI sattA-asattA ko siddha karane ke lie anumAna kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai use anumAna kA 'prayoga kAla' kahate haiN|

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104 jainavidyA 24 53. (1) pramANobhayasiddhe tu saadhydhrmvishisstttaa| parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.26 (3.30) ___ * vyAptau tu sAdhyaM dharma ev| vahI, sUtra 3.28 (3.32) (2) prayogakAle tu tena sAdhyadharmeNa viziSTo dharmI sAdhyamabhidhIyate, pratiniyatasAdhyadharma vizeSaNaviziSTatayA hi dharmiNaH sAdhayitu miSTatvAt saadhyvypdeshaavirodhH| prameyakamalamArtaNDa, (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.25 kI TIkA), pR. 371. 54. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.27 (3.31) 55. vahI, sUtra 3.24 (3.28) 56. vahI, sUtra 3.25 (3.29) 57. vahI, sUtra 3.27 (3.31) 58. vahI, sUtra 6.12 59. vahI, sUtra 6.13 se 20 60. vahI, sUtra 6.14 61. vahI, sUtra 3.33, 3.42 (3.37, 3.46) 62. vahI, sUtra 3.90, 3.91 (3.94, 3.95) 63. vahI, sUtra 3.92 (3.96) 64. hetu ke asiddha Adi doSoM ko dUra karake svasAdhya ke sAtha usakA avinAbhAva sthApita karanA 'samarthana' kahalAtA hai| 65. vahI, sUtra 3.34 (3.38) 66. vahI, sUtra 3.35 (3.39) 67. vahI, sUtra 3.37, 3.92 (3.41, 3.96) 68. vahI, sUtra 3.38 (3.42) 69. vahI, sUtra 3.40 (3.44) 70. vahI, sUtra 3.44 (3.48) 71. vahI, sUtra 3.45 (3.49) 72. sahacAriNoLapyavyApakayozca shbhaavH| vahI, sUtra 3.13 (3.17) 73. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-dvitIya, (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.11 se 13 kI TIkA) pR. 304 se 307, zrI lAlA musaddIlAla jaina cerITebala TrasTa, 2/4, ansArI roDa, dariyAgaMja, dehalI-110006. 74. parAmarthaM tu tdrthpraamrshivcnaajjaatm| vahI, sUtra 3.51 (3.55) 75. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, (parIkSAmukha, sUtra 3.55 kI TIkA), pR. 378, satyabhAmAbAI pANDuraMga, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1941.

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jainavidyA 24 105 76. vastu ke jAnane ke sAtha hI tatkAla honevAle phala ko sAkSAtphala kahate haiN| jaba hama kisI ajJAta vastu ko pramANa se jAnate haiM taba tatsasambandhI ajJAna tatkAla dUra ho jAtA hai| vahI ajJAna kI nivRtti pramANa kA sAkSAtphala hai| 77. vastu ke jAnane ke pazcAt paramparA se prApta honevAle phala ko 'pAramparyaphala' kahate haiN| vaha hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| vastu ko jAnane ke pazcAt vastu ke aniSTa yA ahitakara hone para usakA parityAga kara dene ko 'hAna' kahate haiM, vastu ke iSTa yA hitakara hone para usakA grahaNa karane ko 'upAdAna' kahate haiM, aura iSTa-aniSTa nahIM hone para udAsIna rahane ko 'upekSA' kahate haiN| 78. parIkSAmukha, sUtra 6.11 se 6.50. esosiyeTa prophesara - darzanazAstra 18, purAnA roDaveja varkazaoNpa, sivila lAinsa, bharatapura-321001 (rAja.) mo. 09414208003 E-mail- Dr.R.S.Shekhawat@gmail.com DOD

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Apta kA svarUpa kSutpipAsAjarAtaGka jnmaantkbhysmyaaH| na rAgadveSamohAzca yasyAptaH sa prkiirtyte|6| - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, AcArya samantabhadra - jisake bhUkha-pyAsa-bur3hApA-roga-janma-mRtyu-bhaya-garva-rAga-dveSa-moha-cintAarati-nidrA-vismaya-mada-sveda aura kheda - ye aThAraha doSa nahIM haiM vaha Apta/saccA deva kahA jAtA hai| vizeSArtha - Apta-arahanta bhagavAn kSudhA-tRSA Adi aThAraha doSoM se rahita hote haiM isalie vItarAga kahalAte haiN| kevalajJAna prakaTa hote hI audArika zarIra paramaudArika zarIra ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| usameM se trasa tathA bAdara nigodiyA jIva pRthak ho jAte haiN| usa zarIra para vRddhAvasthA kA koI prabhAva nahIM rhtaa| asAtA vedanIya karma ke udIraNA-tIvra udaya kA abhAva hone se rAga-dveSa-moha-bhaya Adi doSa nahIM hote| darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSaya ho jAne se nidrA nahIM hotii| yadyapi bhujyamAna vartamAna manuSya Ayu kA sadbhAva hai tathApi AgAmI Ayu kA bandha na hone se unheM janmadhAraNa nahIM karanA pdd'taa| unakI mRtyu nahIM hotI, nirvANa/mokSa hotA hai| mRtyu use kahate haiM jisake bAda janma dhAraNa karanA par3e aura nirvANa use kahate haiM jisake hone para phira janma na dhAraNa karanA pdd'e| arihanta ke kSudhA-tRSNA kA abhAva hone se kavalAhAra (grAsa lekara AhAra karanA) nahIM hotaa| Agama * AptavacanAdi nibndhmrthjnyaanmaagmH|3.95| - parIkSAmukha - Apta ke vacana Adi ke dvArA honevAle artha (padArtha) ke jJAna ko Agama kahate haiN|

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jainavidyA 24 mArca 2010 107 107 khyAtivAda : prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke prakAza meM - DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina 'khyAtivAda' prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA eka pramukha viSaya hai, parantu jaina-granthoM meM isakA vistRta vivacena mAtra prabhAcandrAcArya ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa' evaM 'nyAyakumudacandra' meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai| yadyapi jJAnamImAMsA hetu isa viSaya ko samajhanA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai, parantu vartamAna meM aneka loga isa viSaya ko kaThina pratIta hone ke kAraNa chor3a dete haiN| yahA~ taka ki prameyakamalamArtaNDa jo vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM nirdhArita pAThyagrantha hai, ke chAtra aura adhyApaka bhI isa viSaya kI kaThina hone ke kAraNa upekSA karate dekhe jAte haiN| ataH yahA~ prastuta Alekha dvArA isI viSaya ko saralatApUrvaka spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| Alekha kA mukhya AdhAra 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' ko hI banAyA gayA hai| AzA hai, vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke chAtroM ko bhI isase lAbha hogaa| kahA jA cukA hai ki 'khyAtivAda' jJAnamImAMsA se sambandhita viSaya hai| jJAna do prakAra kA hai - samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna / inameM se khyAtivAda' kA sambandha mithyAjJAna se hai| mithyAjJAna bhI tIna prakAra kA hai - saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya / inameM se bhI khyAtivAda kA sambandha mAtra viparyayajJAna se hai| viparIta eka koTi kA nizcaya viparyayajJAna kahalAtA hai| jaise rassI meM sarpa kA athavA sIpa meM cA~dI kA jJAna honA

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108 jainavidyA 24 viparyayajJAna hai| khyAti kA artha hotA hai - prasiddhi / khyAtivAda kA mUlabhUta vicAraNIya viSaya yahI hai ki isa viparyayajJAna meM kisakI prasiddhi hotI hai? sat kI, asat kI, donoM kI athavA kisI kI nahIM? basa, isI prazna kA uttara vibhinna dArzanikoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNoM se pRthak-pRthak diyA hai| phalasvarUpa isa viSaya meM aneka vAda nirmita ho gaye haiN| yathA - akhyAtivAda, asatkhyAtivAda, prasiddhArthakhyAtivAda, AtmakhyAtivAda, anirvacanIyArthakhyAtivAda, vivekAkhyAtivAda yA smRtipramoSavAda aura vipriitaarthkhyaativaad| 'khyAtivAda' ke prakaraNa meM AcArya prabhAcandra ne ina sabhI matoM kI gambhIra samIkSA prastuta kI hai| yathA - 1. akhyAtivAda - ___ cArvAka kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna akhyAtirUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM kisI kI bhI khyAti (prasiddhi) nahIM hotii| unake anusAra viparyayajJAna nirAvalambana hotA hai, usakA koI Alambana nahIM hotaa| arthAt jaba hameM sIpa meM cA~dI athavA marIcikA meM jala kA jJAna hotA hai taba usa jJAna kA viSaya na to sIpa hotA hai aura na hI cA~dI, athavA na to marIcikA hotI hai aura na hI jl| ataH viparyayajJAna akhyAtirUpa hotA hai| parantu cArvAka kA aisA mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi viparyayajJAna meM kisI bhI padArtha kI khyAti nahIM hotI to usakA 'yaha cA~dI hai' athavA 'yaha marIcikA hai' athavA 'yaha rassI hai' - ityAdi rUpa se vizeSa kathana sambhava nahIM hotA, jo hotA hI haitathA viparyayajJAna nirAvalambana nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM pratibhAsita honevAlA padArtha usakA Alambana hotA hai| jaise - jaba sIpa meM cA~dI kA viparyayajJAna ho taba usakA Alambana cA~dI hai aura vahA~ usa cA~dI kI spaSTatayA khyAti ho rahI hai| ataH viparyayajJAna ko akhyAtirUpa mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| 2. asatkhyAtivAda - ___ sautrAntika aura mAdhyamika (bauddha dArzanika) kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna asatkhyAti rUpa hotA hai kyoMki usameM asat - avidyamAna artha kI khyAti (prasiddhi) hotI hai| jaise - sIpa meM cA~dI kA jJAna huA vahA~ cA~dI spaSTa hI asat artha hai, avidyamAna artha hai aura usa asat yA avidyamAna artha kI khyAti karAnevAlA hone se viparyayajJAna asatakhyAti-rUpa hai|

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jainavidyA 24 109 parantu unakA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki viparyayajJAna meM pratibhAsita honevAlA artha sarvathA asat nahIM hotaa| yadi sarvathA asat artha kA bhI pratibhAsa hotA ho to AkAza-puSpa Adi kA bhI ho, jo kathamapi nahIM hotaa| tathA yadi dekhA jAe to yaha kathana hI ki 'asat kI khyAti hotI hai' - pUrvAparavirodhayukta hai| asat bhI hai aura usakI khyAti bhI hotI hai - yaha kaisI viruddha bAta? ataH viparyayajJAna ko asatkhyAti-rUpa mAnanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| 3. prasiddhArthakhyAtivAda - ___ sAMkhya kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna prasiddhArthakhyAtirUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM pratibhAsita artha sarvathA prasiddha (sat yA vidyamAna) hotA hai| jaise - sIpa meM cA~dI kA jJAna hone para vahA~ vastutaH hI cA~dI vidyamAna hotI hai| yadyapi uttara kAla meM vahA~ cA~dIrUpa artha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, tathApi jisa samaya usakA pratibhAsa hotA hai usa samaya to vaha sat (vidyamAna) hI rahatA hai| parantu sAMkhyoM kA ukta kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, mithyA hI hai; kyoMki yadi isa prakAra se sabhI jJAnoM ko prasiddha artha kA grAhaka mAnA jAe to phira kauna jJAna bhrAnta kahalAegA? saba jJAna abhrAnta hI khlaaeNge| tathA isa prakAra se kauna jJAna bhrAnta aura kauna jJAna abhrAnta - isakI koI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana skegii| tathA yadi pUrvakAla meM artha sat thA aura uttara kAla meM usakA abhAva ho gayA to vaha kaise huA - yaha spaSTa karanA cAhie, jo nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tathA yadi pratibhAsita jalAdi artha sat hote haiM aura uttara kAla meM unakA abhAva ho jAtA hai to bhUmi meM ArdratA Adi unake cihna to avazya upalabdha hone cAhie the, kyoMki jalAdi padArthoM kA tatkAla niranvaya vinAza nahIM dekhA jaataa| ataH viparyayajJAna ko prasiddhArthakhyAti-rUpa mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| 4. AtmakhyAtivAda - vijJAnAdvaitavAdI yA yogAcAra (bauddha) kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna AtmakhyAtirUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM jisa artha kA pratibhAsa hotA hai vaha koI anya nahIM, apitu usa jJAna kA apanA hI AkAra hai, parantu anAdikAlIna avidyA ke kAraNa bAhya artha jaisA pratIta hotA hai|

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110 jainavidyA 24 parantu vijJAnAdvaitavAdI kA ukta kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi isa prakAra se saba jJAnoM ko AtmakhyAti rUpa hI mAnA jAegA to koI bhI jJAna bhrAnta siddha nahIM hogA, saba jJAna abhrAnta hI siddha hoNge| tathA yadi viparyayajJAna meM pratibhAsita cA~dI Adi padArtha AtmarUpa (jJAnarUpa) hI haiM to unakI pratIti sukhAdi kI bhA~ti antaraMga artha rUpa se hI honI caahie| bAhya artha rUpa se nahIM honI cAhie, jabaki spaSTa hI unakI pratIti bAhya artha rUpa se hotI hai| vastutaH AtmakhyAtivAda tabhI samIcIna siddha ho sakatA hai jaba pahale vijJAnAdvaitavAda siddha ho jo kathamapi nahIM hotaa| ataH viparyayajJAna ko AtmakhyAti-rUpa mAnanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| 5. anirvacanIyArthakhyAtivAda - brahmAdvaitavAdI kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna anirvacanIyArthakhyAti-rUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM pratibhAsita artha ko sat bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, asat bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura ubhaya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki ina tInoM hI pakSoM meM doSa prApta hote haiN| yadi sat mAnA jAe to koI bhI jJAna bhrAnta siddha nahIM hogA, abhrAnta hI siddha hoMge; yadi asat mAnA jAe to AkAzapuSpa-Adi bhI jJAna kA viSaya honA cAhie, jo kabhI nahIM hotA; aura yadi ubhaya rUpa mAnA jAe to ukta donoM hI doSa upasthita hoNge| ataH viparyayajJAna ko anirvacanIyArthakhyAtirUpa mAnanA caahie| parantu brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM kA ukta kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki viparyayajJAna meM pratibhAsita artha kathamapi anirvacanIya siddha nahIM hotaa| yadi vaha vAstava meM anirvacanIya hotA to yaha cA~dI hai' athavA 'yaha rassI hai' - ityAdi rUpa se kathana kaise hotA hai? isase siddha hotA hai ki viparyayajJAna meM pratibhAsita artha anirvacanIya nahIM hai| daraasala, viparyayajJAna ko anirvacanIyArthakhyAtirUpa mAnane ke pIche brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM kI bhAvanA anirvacanIya brahmAdvaita ke pratipAdana va samarthana kI hai, parantu vaha brahmAdvaita kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA, jo eka pRthak viSaya hai aura sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yahA~ nahIM likhA jA sktaa| isa prakAra viparyayajJAna ko anirvacanIyArthakhyAtirUpa mAnanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| 6. vivekAkhyAtivAda yA smRtipramoSavAda - prabhAkara (mImAMsaka) kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna vivekAkhyAti yA smRtipramoSa rUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM do jJAnoM meM viveka (bheda) kI akhyAti yA pUrvadRSTa artha kI

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jainavidyA 24 111 smRti kA pramoSa (corI) dekhA jAtA hai| unake anusAra viparyayajJAna meM vastutaH do jJAna hote haiN| eka jJAna to sAmane sthita artha kA pratibhAsa rUpa hotA hai aura dUsarA pUrvadRSTa padArtha kA sAdRzyAdi ke kAraNa smRtirUpa hotA hai| jaise - jaba hameM sIpa meM 'yaha cA~dI hai (idam rajatam)' - aisA jJAna hotA hai taba vahA~ vAstava meM eka jJAna nahIM hotA hai, apitu do jJAna hote haiM - eka to yaha (idam)' pada se prakaTa honevAlA pratyakSa jJAna aura dUsarA 'cA~dI (rajatam)' pada se prakaTa honevAlA jJAna, jo smaraNa-rUpa hotA hai| vahA~ jJAtA puruSa pratyakSa aura smRti - ina do jJAnoM meM bheda nahIM jAna pAtA, ataH yaha vivekAkhyAti rUpa hai| athavA sAmane sthita artha ke lie smRti karate hue bhI use smRti nahIM kahatA, smRtipramoSa hai| viparyayajJAna aisA vivekAkhyAti yA smRtipramoSa rUpa hI hotA hai| ___ parantu prAbhAkAroM kA ukta mata bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki viparyayajJAna meM pratyakSa aura smaraNa - ye do jJAna nahIM hote, apitu eka hI jJAna hotA hai - viparIta artha ko jaanneruup| tathA jise ve sAdRzyAdi ke nimitta se huA smRtipramoSa kaha rahe haiM vaha vastutaH viparItArthakhyAti hI hai| 7. viparItArthakhyAtivAda - __ jaina aura naiyAyika-vaizeSika kahate haiM ki viparyayajJAna viparItArthakhyAti-rUpa hotA hai, kyoMki usameM viparIta artha kI khyAti hotI hai| arthAt sAdRzyAdi kucha kAraNoM se sIpa meM usake viparIta artha cA~dI kA jJAna ho jAtA hai athavA marIcikA meM usake viparIta jala kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| ataH viparyayajJAna ko viparItArthakhyAti-rUpa hI mAnanA caahie| jainoM aura naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM kA ukta kathana nyAyasaMgata hai| viparyayajJAna ko viparItArthakhyAti-rUpa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| zaMkA - sIpa meM cA~dI ke viparyayajJAna kA AlaMbana kyA hai? sIpa yA cA~dI? yadi sIpa hai to use satakhyAti rUpa kahiye aura yadi cA~dI hai to use asatakhyAti rUpa khiye| yaha viparItArthakhyAti kyA hotA hai? samAdhAna - sIpa meM cA~dI ke viparyayajJAna kA AlaMbana cA~dI hI hai, sIpa nahIM; kyoMki yadi usakA AlaMbana sIpa hotA to vaha viparyayajJAna nahIM khlaataa| parantu usakA AlaMbana cA~dI hote hue bhI use asakhyAti-rUpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki

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jaina vidyA 24 yadi asat artha kI bhI khyAtI hotI ho to AkAzapuSpAdi kI bhI honI cAhie / ataH aisI sthiti meM yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki viparyayajJAna meM viparIta artha (sIpa se viparIta cA~dI hai, rassI se viparIta sarpa hai, ityAdi) kI khyAti hotI hai / viparyayajJAna kA nAma viparItArthakhyAti rUpa hone ke kAraNa hI viparyayajJAna hai / 112 adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI-110016 DOO

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