Arhat Vachan 2002 04

Author(s): Anupam Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Gyanpith Indore
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/526554/1

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I.S.S.N. 0971-9024 | arhat vacana varSa-14,aMka-2-3 Vol. -14, Issue-2-3 apraila - sitambara 2002 April-September 2002 vizeSa AvaraNa 25-4-2002 Special Cancellation 222600 mahAvIra 100. bhArata INDIA bhArata INDIA 300 nasIyA~ jaina mandira, ajamera NASIYAN JAIN TEMPLE, AJMER-305001 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 vAM janma kalyANaka BHAGWAN MAHAVIRA 2600th JANM KALYANAK vizvavaMdya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janmakalyANaka varSa meM jArI vizeSa AvaraNa kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura KUNDAKUNDA JNANAPITHA. INDORE

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gata 7 maI ko indaura ke jaina patroM ke 4 sampAdakoM kA eka dala pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke darzana evaM unase sAmayika viSayoM para mArgadarzana prApta karane siddhodaya siddhakSetra nemAvara (jilA devAsa - ma. pra. ) gayA thaa| dala meM nimna sadasya sammilita the 1. zrI mANikacanda pATanI, pradhAna sampAdaka- pariNaya pratIka zrI jayasena jaina, sampAdaka - sanmati vANI 2. 3. zrI rameza kAsalIvAla, sampAdaka- vIra nikalaMka tathA 4. DaoN. anupama jaina, sampAdaka - arhat vacana evaM pradhAna sampAdaka- mahAsamiti patrikA / pUjya AcAryazrI ne lagabhaga 2.5 ghaMTe kI carcA meM vibhinna viSayoM para mahatvapUrNa mArgadarzana pradAna kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 veM janmajayantI mahotsava varSa kI carcA ke sandarbha meM Apane kahA ki merA sadaiva se spaSTa mata hai ki hameM apane mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM zAsana se paisA nahIM lenA cAhiye, yaha hamArI zraddhA kA viSaya hai| isa kArya meM bhaktoM ke dvArA hI rAzi laganI cAhiye / 1. 2. 3. kuNDalapura para eka prAmANika sandarbha grantha kI jarUrata * AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja Jain Educamion me kundakunda jJAnapITha kI gatividhiyoM para prasannatA vyakta karate hue Apane zrI devakumArasiMhajI kAsalIvAla, DaoN. anupama jaina evaM unake sabhI sahayogiyoM ko AzIrvAda diyA / bahucarcita bhagavAna mahAvIra janmabhUmi prakaraNa para apanI rAya vyakta karate hue AcAryazrI ne kahA ki tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi kA nirNaya digambara jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para hI honA cAhiye / Apane kundakunda jJAnapITha ko Adeza diyA ki ve paramparAmAnya evaM Agamasammata mahAvIra janmabhUmi kuNDalapura (nAlaMdA) ke pakSa meM sabhI prAmANika sandarbhoM ko saMkalita kara isake virodha meM uThAye jA rahe praznoM kA tarkapUrNa samAdhAna prastuta karane vAlI prastuta kA sRjana karAye / isase vivAdoM ko virAma milegA / DaoN. anupama jaina ne isa samaya evaM zramasAdhya kArya ke yathAzIghra kriyAnvayana kA vizvAsa dilaayaa| CULTIVALEN FRISODALUSE ULIV Manasalileiecinciden

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I.S.S.N..0971-9024 arhat vacana ARHAT VACANA kundakunda jJAnapITha (devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura dvArA mAnyatA prApta zodha saMsthAna), indaura dvArA prakAzita zedha traimAsikI Quarterly Research Journal of Kundakunda Jnanapitha, INDORE (Recognised by Devi Ahilya University, Indore) varSa 14, aMka 2 -3 Volume 14, Issue 2-3 apraila-sitambara 2002 April - September 2002 mAnada - sampAdaka HONY. EDITOR DaoN. anupama jaina DR. ANUPAM JAIN gaNita vibhAga Department of Mathematics, zAsakIya holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, Govt. Holkar Autonomous Science College, indaura-452017 bhArata INDORE-452017 INDIA * 0731 - 787790, 545421 E.mail : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com prakAzaka PUBLISHER devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla DEOKUMAR SINGH KASLIWAL adhyakSa-kundakunda jJAnapITha, President - Kundakunda Jnanapitha 584, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, tukogaMja, 584, M.G. Road, Tukoganj, indaura 452 001 (ma.pra.) INDORE-452001 (M.P.) INDIA & (0731) 545744,545421 (0) 434718, 543075, 539081,454987 (R)

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pro. lakSmI candra jaina sevAnivRtta prAdhyApaka gaNita evaM prAcArya jabalapura - 482002 - pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta sampAdaka - gaNita bhAratI, jhAMsI- 284003 2 sampAdaka maMDala / Editorial Board 2001-2002 pro. pArasamala agravAla rasAyana bhautikI samUha, rasAyana zAstra vibhAga oklehomA vizvavidyAlaya, sTilavATara OK 74078 USA DaoN. takAo hAyAzI vijJAna evaM abhiyAMtrikI zodha saMsthAna, dozIzA vizvavidyAlaya, kyoTo 610 - 03 jApAna zrI sUrajamala bobarA nidezaka jJAnodaya phAunDezana indaura - 452003 DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja' zodhAdhikArI siri bhUvalaya pariyojanA indaura - 452001 vArSika / Annual 10 varSa hetu / 10 Years sahayogI sadasya DaoN. anupama jaina 'jJAna chAyA', DI 14, sudAmA nagara, indaura-452009 phona / phaiksa : 0731-787790 Prof. Laxmi Chandra Jain Retd. Professor- Mathematics & Principal Jabalpur-482002 Prof. Radha Charan Gupta Editor Ganita Bharati, Jhansi-284 003 Prof. Parasmal Agrawal Chemical Physics Group, Dept. of Chemistry Oklehoma State University, Stillwater OK 74078 USA Dr. Takao Hayashi Science & Tech. Research Institute, Doshisha University, Kyoto-610-03 Japan. Shri Surajmal Bobra Director - Jn anodaya Foundation Indore-452003 Dr. Mahendra Kumar Jain 'Manuj' Research Officer - Siri Bhuvalaya Project Indore-452001 sampAdakIya patrAcAra kA patA saMsthAgata INSTITUTIONAL ru./Rs. 250=00 ru./Rs.1000=00 ru./ Rs.2100=00 purAne aMka sajilda phAIloM meM ru. 500.00 / US $50.00 prati varSa kI dara se sImita mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| sadasyatA evaM vijJApana zulka ke ma.A./ ceka / DrAphTa kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke nAma deya hI preSita kreN| indaura ke bAhara ke ceka ke sAtha kalekzana cArja ru. 25/- atirikta jor3akara bhejeN| Dr. Anupam Jain. 'Gyan Chhaya', D-14, Sudama Nagar, Indore-452009 Ph. /Fax : 0731-787790 sadasyatA zulka / SUBSCRIPTION RATES vyaktigata INDIVIDUAL ru./ Rs. 125=00 ru./ Rs.1000=00 ru./ Rs.2100=00 lekhakoM dvArA vyakta vicAroM ke liye ve svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| sampAdaka athavA sampAdaka maNDala kA unase sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| isa patrikA se koI bhI Alekha punarmudrita karate samaya patrikA ke sambaddha aMka kA ullekha avazya kreN| sAtha hI sambaddha aMka kI eka prati bhI hameM preSita kareM samasta vivAdoM kA nipaTArA indaura nyAyAlayIna kSetra meM hI hogaa| arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 videza FOREIGN U.S. S 25=00 U.S. $ 250 00 U.S. $ 500 00

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arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura sampAdakIya prakAzakIya anurodha lekha / ARTICLES 1 paramparA ke binA pragati saMbhava nahIM AcArya zrIdhara aura unakA gaNitIya avadAna gaNanakRti : svarUpa evaM vivecana D DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura), mamatA agravAla (meraTha) evaM prazAMta tilavanakara ( indaura) DaoN. udayacanda jaina (udayapura) jaina darzana mAnya kAla dravya samaNI maMgalaprajJA (lAinU~) kAla viSayaka dRSTikoNa varSa 14, aMka- 2-3, 2002 anukrama / INDEX bra. sneharAnI jaina (sAgara) bIsavIM zatAbdI meM jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kI pragati DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura) A Brief Review of the Literature of Jain Karmic Theory DUjjawala N. Dongaonkar (Nagpur), Prof. T.M. Karade (Nagpur) and Prof. L.C. Jain (Jabalpur) Acarya Virasena and his Mathematical Contribution Pragati Jain (Indore) and Dr. Anupam Jain (Indore) K.D. Theory of Time and Conciousness D Dilip Suraana (Kolkata) arhata vacana, 14 (23), 2002 5 13 15 31 35 41 51 69 79 91 3

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faufort/ SHORT NOTES jaina gaNita ke prathama videzI pracAraka O pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta (jhA~sI) 4 A Little Known 19th Century Study of the Ganita-Sara-Samgraha D pro. zreNika baMDI (indaura) zruta paMcamI aise manAyeM Prof. R.C. Gupta (Jhansi) jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kA eka gatizIla kendra holkara svazAsI 103 vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura O dhyAna : eka yAtrA (a) jJAta ke usa pAra ena. ena. sacadevA (indaura) dharma evaM vijJAna O AkhyA / REPOTS - lAlacanda jaina 'rAkeza' (gaMjabAsodA) DaoN. DeviDa yUjIna smitha jatanalAla rAmapuriyA (kolakAtA) jaina gaNita ko samarpita AryikA zrI vizuddhamatI mAtAjI DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura) gatividhiyA~ mata - abhimata - zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha, kekar3I - 2002 O jayasena jaina (indaura) - gopAcala : dazA evaM dizA, rASTrIya saMgoSThI, gvAliyara DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina ( gvAliyara) siribhUvalaya anusaMdhAna pariyojanA- bar3hate kadama DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja' (indaura) O Dr. Anupam Jain 99 101 105 108 109 pustaka samIkSAe~ / BOOK REVIEWS Ganita-Sara-Samgraha with Kannada Translation by 124 Padmavathamma 111 113 115 119 125 143 arhata vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura sampAdakIya paramparA ke binA pragati saMbhava nahIM DaoN. oma nAgapAla smRti vyAkhyAna parama punIta dazalakSaNa parva ke madhya bhAdrapada zuklA SaSThI tadanusAra 12 sitambara 2002 kI zAma atyanta mahatvapUrNa thii| isa dina indaura ke prasiddha ravIndra nATya gRha sabhAgAra meM prathama DaoN. oma nAgapAla smRti vyAkhyAna dete hue bhArata ke kendrIya mAnava saMsAdhana maMtrI evaM prasiddha bhautikavid DaoN. muralI manohara jozI ne kahA ki 'paramparA ke binA pragati saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi hameM lambI chalAMga lagAnI hai to eka paira uThAne ke sAtha hI dUsarA paira majabUtI ke sAtha jamIna para rakhanA hogaa| jamIna para rakhA hamArA paira hI paramparA kA dyotaka hai| jo dUsare paira pragati kI lambI chalAMga kA AdhAra banAtA hai|' vijJAna kI bhAratIya paramparA zIrSaka apane dhArA pravAha sarala, sarasa, kintu tArkika evaM jJAnavarddhaka udbodhana meM DaoN. jozI ne kahA ki bhAratIyoM kA yaha dAyitva hai ki ve vicAra kareM ki kyA vAkaI vijJAna pazcima se AyA ? ve samajhe ki vijJAna, darzana, sAhitya Adi kI dizAoM meM bhArata ne kyA pragati kii| Apane jJAna-vijJAna ke aneka kSetroM meM diye gaye bhAratIya yogadAna kI silasilevAra prAmANika riporToM ke AdhAra para carcA karane ke bAda sthApita kiyA ki darzana yA vijJAna kA koI bhI viSaya aisA nahIM hai jisakI paramparA kA koI na koI hissA bhAratIya nahIM ho| unhoMne kahA ki bhArata ko jAnane ke lie hameM veda, upaniSada, kAlidAsa aura saMskRta ko jAnanA hogaa| DaoN. jozI ke ukta vicAroM se mujhameM eka sphUrti kA netRtva meM baiThe eka variSTha prAdhyApaka ke mana meM bhAratIyatA ke pIr3A hai| aneka itihAsajJoM dvArA bhAratIyatA ko usake gaurava se prati unake mana kI vedanA vyAkhyAna meM spaSTa jhalaka rahI thii| unakA kathana ki jina aMgrejoM ko 1000 se jyAdA ginatI nahIM AtI thI ve 1000 ke bAda phira 1000 jor3ate the (Thousand Thousand) kyA unakI zakla dekhate hI hamAre andara vaijJAnika pratibhA prasphuTita ho gaI ? kadApi nhiiN| bhArata meM kRSi, dhAtu zodhana, rasAyana, gaNita, khagola, cikitsA Adi kSetroM meM vijJAna kI niraMtara paramparA hajAroM sAla purAnI hai| isa paramparA ko jAnane ke lie saMskRta kA jJAna Avazyaka hai evaM hara bhAratIya ko apane deza kI paramparA evaM saMskRti kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| saMcAra huaa| deza ke zIrSa gaurava ko bar3hAne kI itanI vaMcita rakhane ke SaDayaMtra ke apane deza evaM usakI saMskRti se prema rakhane vAle kisI bhI bhAratIya ko jhakajhorane meM DaoN. jozI ke ye saMvAda paryApta haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti zramaNa evaM vaidika saMskRtiyoM kA samanvita rUpa hai| DaoN. jozI jahAM bhAratIya saMskRti ke gaurava kI bAta kara rahe haiM vahAM jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika tInoM saMskRtiyAM sammilita haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM nihita jJAna ko vyApaka artha meM samasta prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM nihita jJAna ke rUpa meM liyA jAnA caahiye| isa dRSTi se kundakunda jJAnapITha ke yazasvI adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla dvArA 1987 meM dekhe arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 5

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gaye svapna jo aba kiMcita sAkAra rUpa le rahe haiM evaM DaoN. jozI ke vicAroM meM eka sAmya hai| yadi DaoN. jozI samagra bhAratIya saMskRti ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi hetu satata saceSTa haiM to zrI kAsalIvAlajI bhI usI ke eka aMga - jaina saMskRti meM nihita vijJAna ko prakAza meM lAne hetu prayatnazIla haiN| yaha prayAsa bhI antatogatvA bhAratIyatA ke gaurava ko hI bddh'aayegaa| kintu yadi zIrSa rAjanetA ko isa kArya meM aneka parezAniyoM se do-cAra honA par3a rahA hai to phira zrI kAsalIvAlajI ke vicAra ko mUrta rUpa lene meM vyavadhAna nahIM AyegeM, yaha kaise soca liyA jaaye| vyavadhAna Antarika evaM bAhya donoM hote haiN| kabhI Arthika to kabhI mnovaijnyaanik| kabhI samagra soca ke stara para to kabhI prakriyAgata kintu ina vyavadhAnoM para vijaya prApta karanA jarUrI hai| ise eka anuSThAna mAnakara Ane vAle vyavadhAnoM se hatotsAhita na hote hue lakSya kI prApti hetu satata saceSTa honA evaM dAyitva kA ahasAsa kara karttavya patha para Age bar3hanA caahiye| tabhI jaina saMskRti kA vaijJAnika svarUpa pratiSThApita hogaa| bhAratIya gaNita kI eka mukhya dhArA jaina gaNita evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM jaina dharma kI bhUmikA tathA jaina Ayurveda ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM kundakunda jJAnapITha ne paryApta pragati kI hai| arhata vacana kA prastuta evaM gata aMka jaina gaNita kI isI gauravazAlI paramparA kI eka jhalaka prastuta karatA hai| DaoN. jozI kI preraNA ke anurUpa hama saba paramparA ko saMrakSita karate hue pragati kI ora kadama bar3hAne hetu saMkalpita haiN| meTaseTa kA prakSepaNa - hamane bAta 12 sitambara se zurU kI hai| vaha tithi vAkaI bar3I mahatvapUrNa hai| isI dina 12.9.02 ko bhArata ke aMtarikSa vaijJAnikoM ne dopahara 3.57 para rASTra kA 1060 kilo vajanI mausama upagraha meTaseTa bhUsamasthAnika kakSA meM saphalatApUrvaka pratisthApita kara bhAratIya meghA ke vaiziSTya ko punarpramANita kiyaa| sarvocca nyAyAlaya kA nirNaya - lekina isase bhI mahatvapUrNa hai bhArata ke sarvocca nyAyAlaya kA 12 sitambara kA eka nirNaya jisameM nyAyAlaya ne bhArata sarakAra dvArA NCERT ke pAThyakrama meM saMzodhana kara katipaya tathAkathita itihAsajJoM dvArA likhita bhAratIya paramparA ko apamAnita karane vAle aMzoM ko haTAne kI sarakAra ko anumati pradAna kii| DaoN. Ara.esa. zarmA dvArA likhita evaM NCERT dvArA prakAzita kakSA 11 kI pAThya pustaka prAcIna bhArata evaM indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya mukta vi.vi. ke prakAzana dhArmika bahulavAda meM jaina dharma ke bAre meM aneka anargala bAteM likhI haiN| unameM se kucha kA ullekha DaoN. jozI ne apane bhASaNa meM bhI kiyaa| ina aMzoM ko haTAkara samIcIna aMzoM ko sammilita karane ke prayAsoM ko vAmapaMthI vicAradhArA ke katipaya itihAsajJoM ne bhagavAkaraNa kI saMjJA dekara nyAyAlaya meM janahita yAcikA ke mAdhyama se rUkavA diyA thaa| 12 sitambara ko nyAyAlaya ne yAcikA radda kara aise saMzodhana parivartana karane kI anumati dii| nyAyAlaya ne kahA ki 'sarakAra ko aisI mUlya AdhArita zikSA lAgU karane kA prayAsa karanA cAhiye jo saccAI, sahI rAstA dikhAne vAlI, sahayoga kI bhAvanA baDhAne vAlI, ahiMsA evaM anya dharmoM kA sammAna karane kI preraNA dene vAlI ho|' hameM vizvAsa hai ki sarvocca nyAyapITha kI isa AjJA kA pAlana na kevala zAsana arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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apitu anya sabhI prakAzaka kregeN| hamane pUjya gaNinIpramukha zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI kI preraNA se varSa 1999 meM "jaina dharma ke viSaya meM pracalita bhrAMtiyA~ evaM vAstavikatAyeM' zIrSaka pustaka prakAzita kI thI jisameM 30 pustakoM kI truTiyoM ko sUcIbaddha kiyA thaa| bAda meM 12 jUna 2000 meM mAtA jI ne hastinApura meM itihAsajJoM evaM jaina darzana ke vizeSajJoM kI eka baiThaka NCERT ke pratinidhiyoM kI upasthiti meM bulAI jisameM NCERT kI pustakoM meM saMzodhana kA Thosa AdhAra bana skaa| pUjya mAtAjI kI prazakta preraNA evaM mArgadarzana se hI jaina paramparA ke saMrakSaNa kA yaha kArya aba rUpa le sakA hai| isa saMpUrNa prakriyA meM zrI khillImala jaina eDavokeTa (alavara) evaM bra. (ku.) svAti jaina (saMghastha - gaNinI zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI) kA sahayoga bhI zlAghanIya rhaa| pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja ne bhI isa viSaya meM paryApta rUci lI thii| pustaka 'prAcIna bhArata' evaM 'dhArmika bahulavAda' ke Apattijanaka aMza "jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka vardhamAna mahAvIra aura bauddha dharma ke sthApaka gautama buddha donoM kSatriya vaMza ke the aura donoM ne brAhmaNoM kI mAnyatA ko cunautI dii| parantu ina dharmoM ke udbhava kA yathArtha kAraNa hai pUrvottara bhArata meM eka naI kRSimUlaka arthavyavasthA kA udayA _ 'yadi mahAvIra ko antima yA caubIsaveM tIrthakara mAneM to jaina dharma kA udbhava kAla IsA pUrva navIM sadI ThaharatA hai|' 'spaSTa hai ki ina tIrthaMkaroM kI, jo adhikatara madhya gaMgA maidAna meM utpanna aura bihAra meM nirvANa prApta hue, mithaka kathA jaina sampradAya kI prAcInatA siddha karane ke liye gar3hI gaI haiN| kintu yathArtha meM jaina dharma kI sthApanA unake AdhyAtmika ziSya vardhamAna mahAvIra ne kii| 'apanI 12 sAla kI lambI yAtrA ke bIca unhoMne eka bAra bhI apane vastra nahIM bdle|' 'unakA nirvANa 488 I.pU. meM yahattara sAla kI umra meM Aja ke rAjagIra ke samIpa pAvApurI meM huaa|' 'jaina dharma meM yuddha aura kRSi donoM varjita haiN|' 'yauddha aura jaina donoM hI dharma mUla rUpa se prAcIna hindU dharma kI hI zAkhAyeM "jaina dharma ke anusAra samaya ko caubIsa mahAcakroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA / hai aura eka mahAcakra meM eka tIrthakara avatarita hote haiN|' - 'yaha vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki digambara sampradAya meM strI tapasvI, jise sAdhvI kahA jAtA hai, nahIM hotI hai| arhat vacana, 14(2 - 3), 2002

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pustakoM kI sUcI, jinameM Apattijanaka aMza pAye gaye 1. prAcIna bhArata, kakSA 11 ke liye itihAsa kI pAThyapustaka, rAmazaraNa zarmA, hindI anuvAda - govinda - jhA / 2. 3. sAmAjika vijJAna, kakSA-6, rAjasthAna rAjya pustaka maMDala, jayapura, lekhaka - satyanArAyaNa meDhI, kRSNa murArIlAla zrIvAstava / dhArmika bahulavAda, samAja aura dharma kA khaMDa -5, khaMDa sampAdaka pro. je. - 4. itihAsa, hAIskUla, lekhaka - vizvanAtha tivArI, bhAratI bhavana, pttnaa| 5. sabhyatA kA itihAsa, DaoN. kaulezvara rAya, bihAra TeksTa buka kameTI, paTanA / 6. kizora bhAratI, bhAga 3, DaoN. yogendra mizra, bihAra TeksTa buka kameTI, pttnaa| 7. hamArA itihAsa aura nAgarika jIvana, bhAga- 1, kakSA-6, baisika zikSA pariSada - u.pra. / - 8. hamArI duniyA hamArA samAja bhAga 3 kakSA 5 hetu rAjakIya prakAzana, zikSA vibhAga u.pra., khaMDa-1, bhUgola / 9. bhAratI, bhAga-4 kakSA 4 mAdhyamika zikSA maMDala ma.pra. bhopaal| 10. prAcIna bhArata kakSA 6 hetu itihAsa kI pAThyapustaka, romilA thApara, anuvAdaka guNAkara mule, rASTrIya zaikSika anusaMdhAna aura prazikSaNa pariSada, naI dillii| 11. yUniphAiDa itihAsa, bIe tRtIya varSa, DaoN. esa. ke. mittala evaM DaoN. Ara. agravAla, sAhitya bhavana pablikezansa, aagraa| 12. prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa, bI. ena. lUNiyA, kamala prakAzana, indaura | 13. bhArata kI sAmAjika Arthika saMracanA evaM saMskRti ke tattva, DaoN. esa. ke. pArIkha evaM e.sI. dahIbhAte, rAmaprasAda eNDa sansa, aagraa| 14. bhArata kA itihAsa, kAmezvara prasAda siMha, bhAratI bhavana, pttnaa| 15. prAcIna bhArata, ela. pI. zarmA. lakSmInArAyaNa agravAla, aagraa| 16. 18. 19. A Text Book of Certificate History by Sri H. E. Simen & Shri Y. N. Nigam, Oswal Printers & Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Agra. - 17. paryAvaraNa adhyayana kakSA 2, prAthamika evaM mAdhyamika pustaka prakAzana alavara, purUSottamalAla tivArI evaM zrI pramAda zarmA 20. esa. bhaMDArI / bhArata kI mahAna vibhUtiyA~, bhAga - 2 kakSA 7 hetu, rAjakIya prakAzana, zikSA vibhAga u.pra. / - The World We Live In Book-III, Class- Vill, J. Fuste, Pitambar Book Depot, New Delhi. 8 Steps to Social Studies, Book-III, Environmental Studies-1, Mrs. S. David Arya Book Depot, Delhi. 21. Primary Social Studies, Book-V, Rajkumar, Mrs. S.Jeet, Frank Bros. & Co. 22. History of India, Part-1, N.N. Kher, Pitambar Publishing Co., New Delhi. 23. itihAsa ke mahApuruSa, javAharalAla neharU, sastA sAhitya maMDala, dillii| 24. nyU paiTarna atula itihAsa, bI. e. prathama varSa, gAIDa, DaoN. vizana bahAdura, aagraa| - . 25. prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga-1, vimalacanda pANDeya, senTrala pabliziMga hAUsa, ilAhAbAda / 26 adbhuta bhArata, e. ela. bAzama, zivalAla agravAla eNDa kampanI, aagraa| arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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27. bhArata kA vRhat itihAsa, bhAga - 1, prAcIna bhArata, majUmadAra rAya caudharI, hemacanda rAya caudharI, datta - mekamilana iMDiyA limiTeDa, dillii| 28. prAcIna bhArata, ela. pI. zarmA, zivalAla agravAla eNDa kaM., aagraa| 29. Ancient India, V.D. Mahajan, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. 30. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| ina pustakoM meM jo Apattijanaka bAteM nihita haiM ve pramukhata: nimna haiM - 1. jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka bhagavAna mahAvIra the| 2. jaina dharma bauddha dharma ke samakAlIna dharma hai| 3. jaina dharma anIzvaravAdI (nAstika) dharma hai| 4. jaina dharma hindU dharma kI eka zAkhA hai| 5. bauddhoM ke samAna jaina loga bhI AraMbha meM mUrtipUjaka nahIM the| 6. tIrthaMkaroM kI, jo adhikAMzata: madhya gaMgA maidAna meM utpanna aura bihAra meM nirvANa ko prApta hue, mithaka kathA jaina sampradAya kI prAcInatA siddha karane hetu gar3ha lI gaI hai| 7. jaina dharma ke udbhava kA yathArtha kAraNa hai pUrvottara bhArata meM eka naI kRSimUlaka arthavyavasthA kA udy| brAhmaNoM kI kAnUna kI kitAboM meM sUda para dhana lagAne ke kArobAra kI nindA ke kAraNa jo vaizya vyApAra/vANijya meM vRddhi hone ke kAraNa mahAjanI karate the, Adara nahIM pAte the kintu apanI sAmAjika pratiSThA bar3hAne ko utsuka the, unhoMne jaina dharma kI madada kii| 9. pArzvanAtha vastra dhAraNa karane ke virodhI nahIM the kintu mahAvIra ne sAMsArikatA se pUrNa anAsakti ke liye nagna rahanA Avazyaka smjhaa| 10. digambara sampradAya meM strI tapasvI, jise sAdhvI kahA jAtA hai, nahIM hotI hai| __ ahiMsA kA eka Arthika pariNAma yaha huA ki isa samudAya ke bhole-bhAle lAgoM ne khetI karanA isaliye banda kara diyA ki hala calAte kahIM ve jIva kI hatyA na kara baittheN| isIliye ve ahiMsaka peze yathA vyApAra aura sAhUkArI kI ora mur3a gye| 12. hastinApura ke rAjA duSyanta evaM rAnI zakuntalA ke putra bharata ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| 13. varddhamAna (bhagavAna mahAvIra) kI patnI kA nAma yazodhA evaM bar3e bhAI kA nAma nandivarddhana thA evaM bar3e bhAI kI AjJA se hI unhoMne sanyAsa grahaNa kiyaa| (eka pakSIya vicAradhArA) 14. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI putrI kA nAma aNojjA yA priyadarzanA evaM dAmAda jAmali the| (eka pakSIya vicArAdhArA) yadi hameM vizva samudAya ke sAtha pragati karanI hai to yatnapUrvaka paramparA kA saMrakSaNa karanA hogaa| jaina dharma evaM saMskRti kI mahAna paramparAoM ke sAtha jahAM bhI cher3achAr3a ho, Apattijanaka prakAzana ho, anargala pralApa ho use yatnapUrvaka rokanA hogaa| mahApuruSoM kI janmabhUmiyoM para vivAda - arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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dainika jAgaraNa (kAnapura) dinAMka 17.7.02, navabhArata ( indaura ) ( agasta - 02), dainika bhAskara ( indaura) dinAMka 28.08.02 meM eka samAcAra prakAzita huA jisake anusAra mahAtmA buddha kA janma paramparAgata rUpa meM mAnya buddha kI janmabhUmi lumbinI (nepAla) ke sthAna para ur3IsA kI rAjadhAnI bhuvanezvara ke bAharI ilAke meM sthita kapilezvara ke samIpa sthita lumbinI grAma meM huA thaa| bhAskara meM prakAzita samAcAra hama yahA~ Avikala rUpa meM uddhRta kara raheM haiN| " mahAtmA buddha ke janma sthAna ko lekara vivAda tUla pakar3ane lagA hai| do jAne-mAne itihAsakAroM aura kucha purAtatvettAoM ne dAvA kiyA hai ki buddha kA janma ur3IsA ke prAcIna gAMva lumbinI meM huA thA na ki nepAla ke lumbinI gAMva meN| ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya ke 15 zodhakarttAoM kI eka TIma ne julAI- 02 meM dAvA kiyA thA ki mahAtmA buddha kA janma bhuvanezvara ke bAharI ilAke sthita prAcIna kapilezvara gAMva ke najadIka lumbinI meM huA thaa| unakA dAvA hai ki buddha nepAla ke lumbinI meM nahIM balki ur3IsA ke lumbinI meM janmeM haiN| bauddha itihAsa ke vizeSajJa mAne jAne vAle manmathanAtha dAsa ne kahA ki yUM to unhoMne isa silasile meM purAtAtvika sAkSya nahIM dekhe haiM, lekina isakI saMbhAvanA hai ki buddha kA janma ur3IsA ke lumbinI gAMva meM huA hogA / dAsa ne AI.e.ena.esa. se bAtacIta karate hue kahA ki unhoMne bauddha dharma aura itihAsa kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA hai| maujUda likhita sAkSyoM se patA calatA hai ki buddha kA janma nepAla ke lumbinI meM huA thA, lekina isake pakSa meM purAtAtvika sAkSya kamajora haiN| yaha pahalA maukA nahIM hai jaba ur3IsA meM mahAtmA buddha ke janma hone kA dAvA kiyA gayA hai| rAjya ke jAne-mAne itihAsakAra cakradhara mohapAtrA ne 1963 meM isI taraha kA dAvA kiyA thaa| dAsa ke mutAbika mohapAtrA ne isa viSaya para zodha patra bhI taiyAra kiyA thA aura unhoMne apane dAve ke pakSa meM eka kitAba bhI likhI thI / itihAsakAra pro. sagidAnaMda mizrA kA kahanA hai ki tarAI kSetra meM mile eka zilAlekha ke AdhAra para hI nepAla ko buddha kA janma sthAna ghoSita kara diyA gyaa|" hamane isa samAcAra ke vipakSa meM jAnakArI prApta karane kI koziza kii| 09.08.02 ke janasattA (dillI) meM prakAzita TippaNI ke anusAra vizva ke bauddha dharmAvalaMbiyoM kI AsthA kA kendra gautama buddha kI janmasthalI nepAla sthita lumbinI na hokara or3IsA meM batAyA jAnA durbhAgyapUrNa hai| yaha bAta dInadayAla upAdhyAya vizvavidyAlaya gorakhapura ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa saMskRti evaM purAtatva vibhAga ke vizeSajJa DaoN. kRSNAnaMda tripAThI ne khii| tripAThI ne batAyA ki zodhakartAoM kA yaha dAvA pUrI taraha se tathya vihIna, bhrAmaka evaM bebuniyAda hai| unhoMne isa pracAra ko bhagavAna buddha meM AsthA rakhane vAle paryaTakoM ko gumarAha karane vAlA batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki isa vivAda ne samrATa azoka ke staMbha sahita anya sabhI pramANoM para prazna cinha khar3A kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki yahA~ ke mahApuruSa svayaM kA itihAsa banAne, apane jIvanakAla meM smArakoM ke nirmANa Adi meM rUci nahIM rakhate the| ve vyakti evaM samAja kI racanA meM vizvAsa rakhate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhAratIya mahApuruSoM ke sandarbha meM vivAda utpanna ho rahe haiN| 10 arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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prastuta prakaraNa para DaoN. kRSNAnaMda tripAThI kA yaha kathana ki bhuvanezvara ke kapilezvara gAMva ke samIpa vAle lumbinI ko bhagavAna buddha kI janma sthalI batAkara itihAsakAroM aura purAtatvavettAoM ne jahA~ anAvazyaka vivAda khar3A kara diyA vahIM bauddha tIrthayAtriyoM aura sailAniyoM ko asamaMjasa kI sthiti meM DAla diyA hai|' atyanta mahatvapUrNa evaM vicAraNIya hai kyoMki isase paramparA bhaMga ho rahI hai| sAmayika rUpa se yahA~ ullekha karanA prAsaMgika hogA ki jaina dharma ke 24 veM evaM aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke bAre meM 20 vIM zatAbdI meM praznacinha lagAyA gayA hai| paramparAgata rUpa se mAnya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDalapura ( vartamAna bihAra prAnta ke nAlandA jile) ke bAre meM katipaya itihAsakAroM dvArA vivAda utpanna kara vaizAlI yA usake Asa - pAsa janmabhUmi ko talAzane ke prayAsoM ne bhI tIrthayAtriyoM evaM zraddhAluoM ke sammukha bhrama kI sthiti nirmita kara dI hai| yadyapi Aja bhI 95% tIrthayAtrI paramparAmAnya janmabhUmi kuNDalapura ( nAlandA) kI vandanA karane jAte haiN| tathApi isa prakAra ke prayAsoM se bhrama to banatA hI haiN| itihAsakAroM ko jana zraddhA evaM AsthA ke kendroM para apanA abhimata vyakta karane se pUrva jana bhAvanAoM ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye / Dear Sir, 1 had receiving your letter dated Feb.27 which contained good news from you and "Kind yA lichuvADa, kevalajJAna bhUmi rAjagRhI also beg to acknowledge yA anya nirvANa bhUmi pAvApurI (bihAra) wishes for me. I Mr. K.P.Modi sent Kundalpur. Hoping you well Bonn 29th march 1911 59 Niebubro trasse much ceipt of materia), which contains useful informat+on of Nalanda and Kundalpur being yA pAvApurI ( paDaraunA ) yA pAvAgaDha birthplace of Lord Mahavira. It becomes very useful to me, in many ways. You have urged me to rewrite my article on "Jainism" phajilkA sAThiyAMvAha nikaTa devariyA in the Encyclopedia of religion & ethics Regarding Kundalpur near lalanday there are some references in Tiloipanntti, I agree with them. (u.pra.) mAtra itanA hI kyoM ? jana- jana kI AsthA ke kendra 20 tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANa bhUmi parama pAvana tIrtha sammedazikhara para bhI tivArI bandhuoM ne vivAda khar3A karane kI koziza kI hai| (dekheM: titthayara (kolakAtA), varSa - 10, aMka - 3, julAI 1986, some photographs of pR. 69-81) DaoN. haramana jaikobI kA nAma vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnane vAloM kI zreNI meM pramukhatA se rakhA jAtA hai kintu gata mAha DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina ne hameM DaoN. jaikobI kA zivapurI saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita eka patra bhejA hai 11 yaha jaina samAja kA durbhAgya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, kevalajJAna, nirvANabhUmi tInoM ke bAre meM katipaya itihAsajJoM ne vivAda paidA kara diyA hai| janmabhUmi kuNDalapura pleasure in the (nAlandA) yA vaizAlI yA bAsokuNDa 'I hoper however to induce Prof.w. Sohribring whic is without doubt our best Jain scholer. historian, well groomed in Siddhanta to undertake __similar work. fani sure that he will do important work for Jain world. Le arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 I remain yours sincerely Mharati parshi.. (HERMANN JACOBI )

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jo eka alaga hI bAta kahatA hai| hama binA kisI TippaNI ke ise avikala rUpa meM chApa rahe haiN| hamArA vinamra Agraha hai ki AsthA ke kendroM se cher3achAr3a ucita nahIM hai| isa prasaMga ko lekara samAja meM manamuTAva honA kisI dRSTi se bhI hitakara nahIM hai| yadi hamane apanI susthApita paramparAyeM chor3a dI to hama pragati kadApi nahIM kara sakate haiN| yadi paramparA ko chor3akara chalAMga lagAne kA prayAsa kareMge to hazra kyA hogA yaha prabuddha pAThakoM ko batAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai| bhAratavarSIya digambara (jaina zruta saMvarddhinI) mahAsabhA kA gaThana lakhanaU se prApta samAcAra ke anusAra zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina dharmasaMrakSiNI evaM tIrtha saMrakSiNI mahAsabhA ke bAda aba zruta saMvarddhinI mahAsabhA kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai| yaha mahAsabhA ejUkezana borDa kA nayA nAma hai| hama isakA svAgata karate haiN| mujhe yAda A rahA hai ki 1981 meM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' (nAgapura), DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ( jayapura ) evaM mujhe svayaM zikSAnIti banAne kA dAyitva diyA gayA thA kintu aneka bAra samparka ke bAda bhI eka bhI baiThaka nahIM huii| 10-5 varSa bAda phira eka bAra carcA AI kintu pariNAma abhI taka zUnya hai| aba naye nAma evaM pUre utsAha ke sAtha svayaM seThIjI ne pahala kI hai| seThIjI kI ghoSaNA 'yaha saMsthA jaina samAja ke vidyAlayoM kI sthiti sudhArane, kampyUTara zikSA, dhArmika zikSA kI dizA meM kArya karegI aura isakA lakSya eka jaina vizvavidyAlaya kI sthApanA karanA bhI rhegaa| yaha saMsthA sabhI vidyAlayoM kI sahayogI rahegI tathA bhArata hI nahIM sampUrNa vizva meM zikSA ke kSetra meM eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kregii|' svAgata yogya hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki yaha saMsthA jaina dharma, darzana evaM sAhitya kI mahAna paramparAoM kA saMrakSaNa karate hue pragati kI ora kadama baDhAyegI evaM apane lakSya prApta kara skegii| hama mahAsabhA ko vAMchita sahayoga pradAna kara prasanna hogeN| isa upakrama kI saphalatA hetu kundakunda jJAnapITha kI ora se hArdika shubhkaamnaaeN| - varSa 13 ( 34 ) ke bAda 14 (2-3) ke rUpa meM punaH hameM sayuktAMka denA pdd'aa| hama pAThakoM kI pIr3A ko samajhate haiM evaM AzA karate haiM ki mahAna paramparAoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM pracAra prasAra kI navIna preraNAoM se janita utsAha hameM itanI zakti degA ki AgAmI aMka niyamita evaM yathAsamaya milate raheM / ahiMsA, zAkAhAra evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa para yatheSTa maulika sAmagrI na prApta hone ke kAraNa prApta sAmagrI ko AgAmI aMka 14 (4) kI sAmagrI meM samAhita meM hI prakAzita kara rahe haiN| sudhI pAThakoM ko huI asuvidhA hetu ki unakA sneha evaM saMrakSaNa hameM pUrvavata milatA rhegaa| prastuta aMka meM sAmagrI saMyuktAMka ke kAraNa hI dI hai| 42 aMka ke prakAzana meM saMrakSaNa hetu maiM Azrama TrasTa ke sabhI TrasTiyoM, nidezaka maMDala tathA sampAdaka maMDala ke sabhI sadasyoM evaM sahayoga hetu jJAnapITha parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM aravindajI, surekhAjI, mAnikacandajI, nItUjI Adi ko dhanyavAda jJApita karatA huuN| 13.9.02 DaoN. anupama jaina kara nayA aMka navambara kheda hai evaM AzA hai hamane sAmAnya se adhika arhata vacana. 14 (2-3). 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) prakAzakIya anurodha varSa 2002 ke parama pAvana dazalakSaNa parva kI samApti para maiM samasta kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra kI ora se zuddha hRdaya se Apa sabase vigata varSa kI bhUloM hetu kSamAyAcanA karatA huuN| jJAnapITha ko anavarata prApta ApakA prema, sneha, vAtsalyapUrNa mArgadarzana evaM nispRha sahayoga hamArI sampatti hai| mujhe isa satya kA ahasAsa hai ki varSa 13 (3-4) ke bAda 14 (2-3) kA saMyuktAMka nikalanA pAThakoM ko rUcikara nahIM laga rahA hogaa| pAThakoM ke patra isa bAta ke gavAha hai ki unheM aMka kA besabrI se iMtajAra rahatA hai| hama apane neTavarka kI samIkSA kara una kAraNoM ke nidAna hetu prayatnazIla hai jinake kAraNa lagabhaga 12 varSa taka niyamita rUpa se prakAzana ke uparAnta varSa 13 evaM 14 (2001 evaM 2002) meM yaha patrikA kucha aniyamita ho gii| hama pAThakoM ko vizvAsa dilAte haiM ki agale aMka se patrikA niyamita rhegii| - hamAre anurodha para patrikA ke aneka AjIvana sadasyoM ne 1100 % 00 kI atirikta rAzi bhejakara patrikA ke sahayogI sadasya bananA svIkAra kiyA hai| hama 22.9.2002 taka sahayogI sadasyatA grahaNa kara cuke sadasyoM ke nAma prakAzita kara rahe hai| ina sabhI ko pUrvavata patrikA niyamita jAtI rhegii| 1. zrI mohanalAla khAdIvAla, baiMgalaura 2. DaoN. ena.ke. jaina, nAgapura 3. mesarsa bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla, sAgara 4. zrI esa. sI. jaina, naI dillI 5. zrI premacaMda jaina, khArI bAvalI, naI dillI 6. zrImatI jayA jaina, gvAliyara eka bAra puna: hama pUrva meM AjIvana sadasyatA (10 varSa hetu) grahaNa kara cuke sadasyoM se anurodha karegeM ki ve 1100 = 00 rU. kI rAzi bhejakara sahayogI sadasyatA grahaNa karane kA kaSTa kreN| - agale aMka meM prakAzya lekhoM/TippaNiyoM kA cayana kara hamane unheM agale pRSTha para sUcIbaddha kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki agale aMka meM hama jaina itihAsa, purAtatva evaM paryAvaraNa para upayogI sAmagrI pAThakoM se prastuta kara skegeN| __ patrikA kI viSaya vastu ke sandarbha meM pAThakoM kI pratikriyAoM kA sadaiva kI bhA~ti svAgata hai| 22.09.2002 devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 13

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agale aMka ( 14 - 4) akTUbara - disambara 2002 meM prakAzya Alekha #The Jaina Hagiography and the Satkhandagama, Dr. Bhuvanendra Kumar Jain (Canada) # Environment, Life Ethics and Jaina Religion, Dr. N. P. Jain (Indore) # On the Vikram Era, Prof. L. C. Jain & Br. Prabha Jain (Jabalpur) # Hinduism : Civilization of Unity in Diversity, Dr. N. N. Sachdeva (Indore) # ahiMsA kI vaijJAnika AvazyakatA aura unnati ke upAya, ajita jaina 'jalaja' (kakaravAhA TIkamagar3ha) # jaina sabhyatA se jur3I mAyA sabhyatA, DaoN. je. DI. jaina (jayapura) zItalakumAra jaina evaM pavanakumAra jaina (vArANasI) # azoka stambha kI saMracanA meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva, # bhAratIya rASTrIyatA kA atipuruSa zrI suheladeva, # saMgrahAlayoM meM jaina pratIkoM kI bhrAmaka prastutiyA~, - DaoN. puruSottama dube (indaura) DaoN. sneharAnI jaina (sAgara) # sarAka loka kalA kI sAMskRtika dharohara, DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina ( gvAliyara) adhyakSa pro. e. e. ayyAsI pUrva kulapati, bI- 417, sudAmA nagara, indaura - 452009 phona: 0731 482894 nidezaka maMDala 1. pro. Ara. Ara. nAMdagAMvakara pUrva kulapati, candradIpa apArTamenTa, nikAlasa mandira, itavArI, nAgapura 440002 phona: 0712763186 14 2. pro. nalina ke. zAstrI kulasaciva - bAbAsAheba bhImarAva ambeDakara kendrIya vizvavidyAlaya, rAyabarelI ror3a, khanaU(u..) phona: 0522-440822 , - san 2001-2002 sadasya saciva DaoN. anupama jaina *. sa. prAdhyApaka gaNita, zA. holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, 'jJAna chAyA', DI 14, sudAmA nagara, indaura - 452009 phona : 0731- (ni.) 787790 (kA.) 545421 3. pro. surezacandra agravAla prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa gaNita, e-2 caudharI caraNasiMha vi.vi. parisara, meraTha 250404 (u.pra.) phona: 0121762526 - 4. DaoN. ena. pI. jaina pUrva rAjadUta I-50, sAketa, indaura - 452001 phona 0731561273 : 5. DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina 91/1, galI naM. 3, tilakanagara, indaura - 452001 phona: 0731-490619 arhat vacana, 14 (23) 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka 2 - 3, 2002, 15 - 30 AcArya zrIdhara aura unakA gaNitIya avadAna -DaoN. anupama jaina*, mamatA agravAla (meraTha) ** evaM prazAnta tilavanakara (indaura) *** bhAga-2 arhat vacana, varSa-8, aMka-1, janavarI 1996 meM 'AcArya zrIdhara evaM unakA gaNitIya avadAna' (anupama jaina evaM ku. mamatA siMghala) zIrSaka lekha prakAzita huA thaa| isa Alekha meM AcArya zrIdhara ke jIvana, jIvanakAla, kRtiyoM, dhArmika mAnyatA ke bAre meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa Alekha meM lekhakoM ne AcArya zrIdhara para 1995 taka kiye gaye zodha kAryoM ko bhI sUcIbaddha kiyA hai| prastuta Alekha meM unakI kRtiyoM meM nihita gaNita kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| -sampAdaka zrIdharAcArya (799 I.) ke jJAna kA mUla srota jaina paramparA kA pAramparika jJAna thA, unhoMne apanI-apanI pratibhA kA upayoga karate hue use pariSkRta, vistRta evaM vivecita kiyA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hama pATIgaNita ke tatkAlIna viSayoM para binduvAra carcA kreNge| aneka viSaya, jina para zrIdhara evaM mahAvIra donoM ne lekhanI calAI hai, unako hamane lekha ke bhAga-3 meM tulanAtmaka rUpa meM vistAra se vivecita kiyA hai| phalata: yahA~ unako sparza mAtra kiyA hai| ata: zrIdhara ke gaNitIya avadAna ko samyak rUpa se samajhane hetu prastuta bhAga-2 evaM zIghra prakAzya bhAga-3 donoM dekhanA caahiye| aSTa parikarma pAramparika rUpa se aSTa parikarma ke antargata pATIgaNita meM saMkalana, vyakalana, guNana, bhAga, varga, vargamUla, ghana evaM ghanamUla ko sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| inake pahale saMkhyAoM evaM sthAnamAna kI sUciyA~ dI jAtI haiN| hama yahA~ zrIdhara kI sUcI prastuta kara rahe haiN| 1. eka = 10deg 10. abja ___= 10% 2. daza - 10 11. kharva 3. zata = 102 12. nikharva 101 4. sahasra 103 13. mahAsaroja 5. ayuta = 104 14. zaMku lakSa 15. saritApati prayuta 16. antya 1015 8. koTi 17. madhya = 1016 9. arbuda = 108 18. parArdha = 1017 zrIdhara ne apanI pATIgaNita evaM pATIgaNitasAra meM mApana paddhatiyoM kI bhI carcA kI 1010 - 1012 1013 1014 105 106 - 100 12 aSTa parikarmoM kI zrRMkhalA meM saMkalana evaM vyakalana atyanta sarala hai| zrIdhara ne * gaNita vibhAga, holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura-452017 ** kenarA baiMka kSetrIya kAryAlaya, 144-145, prasAda hAUsa, dillI ror3a, meraTha-50002 *** zodha chAtra - kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, ma. gAMdhI mArga, indaura-452001

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trizatikA ke prAraMbhika zlokoM meM ina parikarmoM kI carcA kI hai| saMkalana evaM vyakalana ke krama meM unhoMne zreNiyoM ke padoM ko jor3ane evaM ghaTAne kI carcA kI hai| hama aba zeSa 6 parikarmoM kI carcA kreNge| guNana zrIdharAcArya ne guNana kI cAra vidhiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai - 1. kapATa- sandhi 2. tatstha 3. rUpavibhAga 4. sthAnavibhAga kapATa sandhi zrIdharAcArya ke anusAra guNaka ke nIce kapATa sandhi' kI bhA~ti guNya ko rakhakara viloma athavA anuloma vidhi ke anusAra guNaka ko eka eka sthAna haTA haTA kara krama se guNA karanA kapATa sandhi vidhi hai| 2 - isa vidhi kI do vizeSatAe~ haiM 1. guNya aura guNakAra ke sApekSa sthAna aura 2. guNya ke aMkoM kA miTAnA aura unake sthAna meM guNanaphala ke aMkoM kA sthApana pahalI vizeSatA ke kAraNa isa vidhi kA nAma kapATa saMdhi par3A aura dUsarI vizeSatA ke kAraNa gaNita ke granthoM meM milane vAle hanana, vadha ityAdi zabdoM ko AvirbhAva huA / kapATa- sandhi kI krama aura utkrama vidhi ko samajhane ke liye nimnalikhita udAharaNa sahAyaka haiN| krama (anuloma vidhi) - udAharaNa 135 ko 12 se guNA karo pahale una saMkhyAoM ko pATI para nimnalikhita prakAra se likhate haiM 16 - guNaka guNya isake pazcAta guNya ke ikAI vAle aMka haiN| isa prakAra 5 x 2 = 100 ko 2 ke bAyIM ora le jAte haiN| isake bAda 5 x 1 5; isameM ( Age le gaye aMka) 1 ko jor3ane para 6 prApta hotA hai (pATI para likhe hue) 5 kI aba AvazyakatA na hone se use miTA dete haiM aura usake sthAna meM prApta 6 likha dete haiN| isa prakAra pATI para aba nimnalikhita saMkhyAe~ hotI haiM - = 12 135 (5) ko guNaka ke aMkoM se guNA karate nIce likhate haiM aura 1 ko eka sthAna 12 1360 aba guNaka ko eka sthAna bAyIM ora haTAte haiN| 12 1360 aba 3 ko guNaka ke aMkoM se guNA karate haiN| isakA vivaraNa yaha hai - 3x arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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2 = 6 ; isa 6 ko 2 ke nIce likhate hue 6 meM jor3ane para 12 prApta hotA hai| 6 ko miTA kara usa sthAna para 2 likha dete haiN| 1 ko Age le jAte haiN| isake bAda 3 1 = 4 3 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 14 ko phira eka sthAna bAyIM ora haTAkara likhate haiN| aba pATI para nimnalikhita saMkhyAe~ hotI haiM = 33+ (Age le jAyA gayA) ; - x 1 = = 2; 2 + 4 = aba 2 x 1 likhate haiN| 1 x 1 1; ko 6 ke jAne ke kAraNa, guNaka 12 ko miTA dete hai - 1620 isa prakAra 12 aura 135 saMkhyAoM kA hanana' ho gayA aura eka nayI saMkhyA 1620 'pratyutpanna' ho gii| kabhI kabhI guNya ke kisI aMka ko guNaka se guNA karane para guNanaphala guNaka ke antima sthAna se Age nikala jAtA hai| aisI paristhiti meM AMzika guNanaphala kA antima aMka anyatra likha liyA jAtA hai| 135 ko 99 se guNA karane para isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA pdd'egaa| - utkrama (viloma) vidhi 12 1420 = 6 ; 4 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 6 bAyIM ora likhate haiN| aba kriyA samApta ho haiM aura pATI para nimnalikhita saMkhyA zeSa rahatI - yaha vidhi do prakAra se prayoga kI jAtI hai (a) pahalI vidhi meM saMkhyAe~ nimna prakAra se likhI jAtI haiM guNaka guNya - 12 135 isa prakAra 1 x 2 guNana kA Arambha guNya ke aMtima aMka se hotA hai| 21 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 2 likhA jAtA hai, isake bAda 1 x 1 = 1; yaha 1 usake bAyIM ora likhA jAtA hai| isake bAda guNaka 12 ko eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAte haiN| pATI para aba nimna saMkhyAe~ hotI haiM 12 1235 = aba 3 x 2 6 3 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 6 likhate haiN| aba 3 x 1 = 3 aura 3 + 2 2 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM 5 likhate haiN| isake bAda guNaka ko punaH eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAte haiN| pATI para aba nimna saMkhyAe~ hotI = 5 haiM - 12 1565 aba, 5 x 2 = 105 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 0 likhate haiN| aba 5 x 1 = 5, 5 + 1 = 66 + 6 = 12; 6 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 2 rakhate arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002 17

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haiM aura 1 ko dahAI meM le jAte haiM arthAt 5 meM jor3ate haiM, isa prakAra 5 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM 6 likhate haiN| pATI para aba nimna saMkhyA hotI hai| - 1620 jo ki iSTa guNanaphala hai| dahAI meM jor3e jAne vAle aMka pATI para anyatra likha liye jAte haiM aura unakA jor3a ho cukane para miTA diye jAte haiN| (ba) dUsarI vidhi meM (guNaka ke aMkoM dvArA) AMzika guNanaphala krama vidhi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AMzika guNanaphala utkrama vidhi se karane kI paripATI thI / udAharaNa haiM - guNaka guNya 324 guNana kA Arambha guNaka ke antima sthAna se hotA hai| 3 x 7 - 21; 1 ko guNaka 7 ke nIce rakhate haiM aura 2 ko usakI bAyIM ora nimna prakAra se 753 21 324 5 ko guNya 5 ke nIce rakhate haiM aura 1 ko arthAt 1 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM yogaphala hotI haiM - isake bAda 3 x 5 = 15; dAyIM ora rakhate hue 1 meM jor3a dete haiM 2 ko likhate haiN| aba pATI para nimna saMkhyAe~ 324 ko 753 se guNA karo guNaka aura guNya nimna krama se rakhe jAte haiM 753 18 - 753 225324 aba 3 x 39 guNya ke 3 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM 9 ko likhate 753 225924 aba guNaka ko eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAte haiN| 753 225924 aba 7 x 2 = 14; 4 ko 7 ke nIce vAle 5 meM aura 1 ko 5 ke bAyIM ora ke 2 meM jor3ate haiN| 753 239924 aba 5 x 2 = 10 ; isa 10 ko 5 ke nIce vAle aMkoM meM jor3ate haiM - 753 240924 aba, 2 x 3 = 6; isa 6 ko 3 ke nIce vAle 2 ko miTA kara usake sthAna meM rakhate haiN| arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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753 240964 isake bAda guNaka ko punaH eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAte haiM 753 240964 aba 4 ko kramAnusAra guNaka ke 7, 5 guNanaphaloM ko kramaza: 7 aura 5 ke nIce likhI 3 ke nIce vAle 4 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM likhate haiN| isa prakAra krama se nimnalikhita saMkhyAe~ milatI haiM - (a) (ba) (sa) 2. 753 243764 753 243964 753 243972 yahI antima saMkhyA 243972 iSTa guNanaphala hai| tatstha - zrIdharAcArya ne isa vidhi kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| ve kevala yahI likhate haiM ki 'anya (vidhi) jisameM guNya sthira rahatA hai tatstha kahalAtI haiN|" yaha vidhi bIjIya hai aura ise bIjagaNita ke tiryak guNana athavA vajrAbhyAsa ke sadRza batalAyA gayA hai| 3. rUpa- khaNDa guNana - isa vidhi ke do bheda haiM 1. guNana ke do yA adhika aise bhAga karate haiM jinakA jor3a guNaka ke tulya hotA hai| isake anantara guNya ko una bhAgoM se alaga-alaga guNA karake una guNanaphaloM ko jor3a lete haiN| 2. guNaka ko do yA do se adhika guNanakhaNDoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| usake bAda guNya ko eka eka karake una guNanakhaMDoM se guNA karate haiN| antima guNanaphala iSTa guNanaphala hotA - haiN| sthAna vibhAga isa vidhi ke anusAra guNA karane meM aMka sthApana meM kaI kramoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| unameM se kucha nimnalikhita haiM (1) (3) - aura 3 se guNA karate haiM; pahale do saMkhyAoM meM jor3ate haiM aura antima ko 135 n : gyyj 1620 arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 (2) 12 1 12 12 3 5 1260 36 1620 135 135 1 2 270 135 1620 19

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bhAgahAra bhAga kI Adhunika vidhi kA varNana sabase pahale zrIdhara kI trizatikA meM milatA hai| yaha vivaraNa nimnavat hai - 'bhAjya aura bhAjaka ko tulya rAzi se apavartana karane ke anantara bhAjya ko (eka-eka aMka karake) krama se viloma vidhi ke anusAra bhAga denA caahiye|" varga/vargamUla varga karane ke sambandha meM zrIdhara kA kathana hai 'do samAna saMkhyAoM kA guNanaphala varga hai| 7 Age likhA hai ki - 'antima aMka kA varga karake, antima aMka ke dUne ko zeSa aMkoM se guNA kro| una zeSa aMkoM ko eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAo aura punaH vahI kriyA kro| varga nikAlane ke liye isa prakAra zeSa ko eka eka sthAna haTA haTA kara uparyukta kriyA karanA cAhiye / ' vargamUla nikAlane kI vidhi kA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai - ' (antima) viSamasthAna meM ( bar3I se bar3I saMkhyA ke) varga ko haTAo (jo ghaTa jaaye)| usake bAda vargamUla ke dUne ko eka sthAna ( dAhinI ora ) haTA kara (nIce kI paMkti meM) rakho aura usase ( dI huI saMkhyA ke) zeSa ko bhAga do| prApta labdhi ko bhI nIce kI paMkti meM rkho| usa (labdhi) ke varga ko ( dI huI saMkhyA ke zeSa meM) ghaTAo aura usake bAda labdhi ko dUnA kara do| ( isa prakAra se) prApta ( dviguNita ) saMkhyA ko pUrvavat eka sthAna (dAhinI ora ) haTAkara rakho aura isase ( dI huI saMkhyA ke) zeSa ko bhAga do| anta meM dviguNita saMkhyA ko AdhA kara do| yahI iSTa mUlaguNa hogaa| 8 - udAharaNa - 54756 kA vargamUla nikaalnaa| pahale dI huI saMkhyA ko likhate haiM aura sama tathA viSama sthAnoM para krama se kSaitija aura UrdhvAdhara rekhAoM dvArA sUcita karate haiM - yathA 1-1-1 54756 antima viSama sthAna 5 meM, bar3I se bar3I saMkhyA 4 ghaTAyI jA sakatI hai| ataH 5 meM se 4 ghaTAte haiM, zeSa 1 milatA hai| ataH 5 ko miTA kara usake sthAna para 1 likhate haiN| isake bAda dviguNita vargamUla (2 x 2 = 4) ko eka sthAna dAhinI ora saMkhyA ke nIce rakhate haiM - 20 1-1-1 14756 nIce vAlI saMkhyA 4 se Upara kI saMkhyA 14 ko bhAga dete haiM; 3 labdhi milatI hai aura 2 zeSa bacatA hai| 3 ko 4 ke dAhinI ora rakhate haiM aura 14 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 2 rakhate haiM, isa prakAra pATI para nimna saMkhyAe~ hotI haiN| - -1-1 2756 43 arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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3 ke varga ko Upara kI saMkhyA 27 meM ghaTAte haiM, 18 zeSa bacatA hai| ata: 27 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 18 rakhate haiN| sAtha hI sAtha 3 ko miTAkara usake sthAna meM 3 kA dUnA arthAta 6 rakhate haiM - 1856 46 aba 46 ko eka sthAna dAhinI ora haTAkara likhate haiM - -1-1 1856 46 isake bAda 185 ko 46 se bhAga dete haiM, 4 labdhi milatI hai aura 1 zeSa bacatA hai| 4 ko 46 ke dAhinI aura rakhate haiM aura 185 ko miTAkara usake sthAna para 1 rakhate haiN| 16 464 aba 4 ke varga ko 16 meM ghaTAte haiM, zeSa 0 bacatA hai| ataeva 16 ko miTA dete haiN| isake bAda 4 ko dUnA karake rakhate haiN| 468 yaha dviguNita vargamUla hai| isako AdhA karane para 234 milatA hai, jo iSTa vargamUla hai| ghana/ghanamUla kisI saMkhyA kA ghana jJAta karane ke bAre meM zrIdhara kA varNana nimna prakAra se 'antya (arthAt antima aMka) kA ghana likho; eka sthAna Age, antya ke varga ko triguNita Adya (arthAt upAntima aMka yA pUrva) se guNA karake jo Aye vaha likho ; (isake eka sthAna Age) Adya ke varga ko antya se aura tIna se guNA karake jo Aye vaha likho; aura (isake eka sthAna Age) AdyA kA ghana bhI likho| isa prakAra se prApta hone vAlI saMkhyA (antya aura Adya do aMkoM se banI huI saMkhyA kA ) ghana hai| zrIdhara ne ghana nikAlane kA eka anya sUtra bhI diyA hai - '(kisI dI huI saMkhyA kA) ghana usa zreDhI ke yoga ke tulya hotA hai jisake pada, 0 Adi aura 1 pracaya vAlI zreDhI meM antima pada ko triguNita upAntya pada se guNA karake 1 jor3a dene se, banate haiN| 10 sUtra - n' = [3r(r-1) + 1] zrIdhara ke zabdoM meM - 'tIna samAna saMkhyAoM kA guNanaphala ghana hotA hai|' a = axaxa ghanamala jJAta karane ke bAre meM zrIdhara dvArA diyA gayA vivaraNa isa prakAra haiarhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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' ( ikAI se Arambha karake kramazaH) eka ghana sthAna hotA hai aura do aghana sthAna hote haiN| ( dI huI saMkhyA ke aMkoM ke Upara ghana aura aghana cihnoM ko aMkita karo / ) (aMtima) ghana sthAna meM se ( sabase bar3I) ghana saMkhyA ghttaao| ghanamUla ko tIsare pada (arthAt dvitIya aghana sthAna) ke nIce rakhakara, (dvitIya aghana sthAna ko) ghanamUla ke varga ke tigune se bhAga do| labdhi ko (ghanamUla kI ) paMkti meM (ghanamUla ke dAhinI ora ) rakhakara usake varga ko triguNita antya ( ghanamUla ) se guNA karake Upara kI saMkhyA ko ghaTAo / ' punaH (paMktivAlI saMkhyA ko ghanamUla mAnakara ) ' ( ghanamUla ko) tRtIya pada (arthAt dvitIya aghana sthAna) ke nIce rakho' vAlI vidhi kA prayoga kro| yahI ghanamUla nikAlane kI vidhi hai / 11 isake bAda aneka udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| bhinna parikarma bhinnoM ke bAre meM zrIdhara ne vyApaka rUpa se carcA kI hai| unhoMne bhinnoM ko jor3ane evaM ghaTAne ke liye nimna niyama diyA hai 'bhinnoM ko samaccheda karake unake aMzoM ko jor3a lo| pUrNAMka kA hara 01 hotA hai|' 12 samacchedIkaraNa ko mahAvIra ne kalAsavarNana rUpa meM liyA hai| Apane bhinnoM ke bhAga ke sandarbha meM likhA hai ki 'bhAgahAra ke aMza aura haroM ke paraspara sthAna parivartana karane ke bAda pUrvavat kriyA (guNana) karanA caahiye| arthAt eka bhinna ko dUsarI bhinna se bhAga dene ke liye dUsarI bhinna ke aMza aura hara paraspara parivartita karake guNA kara denA cAhiye / bhinnoM ke varga, vargamUla, ghana evaM ghanamUla ke sambandha meM Apane likhA hai ki 'aMza ke varga ko hara ke varga tathA aMza ke ghana ko hara ke ghana se bhAga dene para kramazaH ( bhinna kA) varga tathA ghana milatA hai; aura aMza ke vargamUla ko hara ke vargamUla se tathA aMza ke ghanamUla ko hara ke ghanamUla se bhAga dene para kramaza: (bhinna kA) vargamUla tathA ghanamUla milatA hai|' Apane bhinnoM ko nimnAMkita 6 vargoM meM vibhAjita kara una para vibhinna saMkriyAoM kI carcA kI hai| carcita 6 bhinneM nimnavat haiM - 1. bhAgajAti udAharaNa 22 - - - isa prakAra kI bhinnoM ko hala karane kA niyama nimna prakAra kA diyA hai 'nIce vAle hara se Upara vAle aMza ko guNA karo, (phira) Upara vAle hara se nIce; vAle hara ko guNA karo tathA (phira) bIca ke hara tathA aMza ke guNanaphala ko Upara vAle aMza meM jor3a do|' 2 + asaca -+-+-+ bada cha 5 hindU rIti ke anusAra likhane para kA mAna jJAta karo / 1) prakAra - - arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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(isa vidhi meM 2 UparI aMza tathA 3 UparI hara hai| isI prakAra 4 nIce vAlA aMza tathA 5 nIce vAlA hara hai|) aba vidhi ke anusAra, Upara vAle aMza ko nIce vAle hara se guNA karane para tathA nIce vAle hara ko Upara vAle hara se guNA karane para, hameM nimna saMkhyAe~ prApta hotI haiM - 2x5 3 arthAt 5x3 arthAt bIca kI saMkhyAoM ke guNanaphala ko UparI aMza se jor3ane para - __10 + 12 22 - 22 yA 15 bIca kI saMkhyAoM ko miTA dete haiM jinakI aba koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| a sa ca / 2. prabhAga jAti kA-kA- kA --------- prakAra 22 arthAt 15 15 2. prabhAga jAti - ( kA 4 kA ca kA --------- prakAra) zrIdhara ke anusAra - 'aMzoM ko aMzoM se tathA haroM ko haroM se guNA karate haiN|' udAharaNa - kA ca a sa ca anya granthakAroM ne prabhAga jAti ke bhinnoM ko hala karane kA niyama bhinnoM ke guNana ke niyama jaisA batAyA hai| 3. bhAgAnubandha jAti __- (a + * ----) (+ +4 kA ) + + - sa - + - kA pha phasa prathama prakAra kI jAti ke liye zrIdhara ne kahA hai - 'pUrNAMka ko bhinna ke hara se guNA kara bhinna ke aMza meM jor3a do|' aura dUsarI prakAra kI jAti ke liye unhoMne kahA - 'Upara ke cheda ko nIce ke cheda se; guNA karo aura Upara ke aMza ko apane aMza se yuta (nIce ke) cheda se guNA kro|' 4. bhAgApavAha jAti bhAgApavAha jAti ke bhinnoM ko sarala karane kA niyama bhAgAnubandha jAti ke niyama ke arhatvacana, 14 (2 - 3),2002

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samAna hI hai, antara kevala itanA hai ki isameM jor3ane ke sthAna para ghaTAnA par3atA hai| 5. bhAga-bhAga jAti - arthAta nimna svarUpa kI bhinne - bhAga ke parikarma ko pradarzita karane kA koI cinha na hone ke kAraNa, ina bhinnoM ko bhI bhAgAnubandha jAti kI bhinnoM kI bhA~ti hI likhate the yathA athavA bhAga ityAdi kriyAoM kA jJAna prazna se vidita kiyA jAtA thA ; udAharaNata: 1 - ko SaDbhAgabhAga dvArA sUcita karate the| jisakA artha hai, 'eka bhAga kA chaThavA~ bhAga' arthAt - dvArA vibhaajit|' yaha jAti sabhI gaNitajJoM ne nahIM dI hai| AcArya zrIdhara aura AcArya mahAvIra tathA kucha anya gaNitajJoM ne yaha jAti dI hai| 6. bhAgamAtR jAti - arthAt uparyukta svarUpoM ke mizraNa se utpanna bhinne - mahAvIra ne likhA hai ki aisI bhinneM 26 prakAra kI ho sakatI haiN| zrIdhara ne isa jAti ke antargata nimnalikhita udAharaNa diyA hai - 'AdhA, cauthAI kA cauthAI, tribhAgabhAga, apane Adhe se yukta AdhA aura apane Adhe se rahita tRtIyAMza ko jor3ane para kyA dhana hogA?' 1 1- (ka) + (1-)- (-) - (6-3-kA) -kA- 1 + 1 1 . - - + 1 -+--kA 3 3 prAcIna bhAratIya paddhati ke anusAra yaha isa prakAra likhA jAtA thA - -+-kA12 2 2 bhAratIya saMketa kA avaguNa spaSTa hai; kyoMki ko-+aura - 44 - | ko 1 - bhI par3ha sakate haiN| ataeva saMketa kA yathArtha artha prazna ke saMdarbha se - hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 | 24

Page #27
vairAzika Adi trairAzika kA artha hai 'tIna rAziyA~' arthAt 'tIna rAziyoM se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlA niyama' / trairAzika ke prazna kA svarUpa nimna prakAra kA hotA hai - "yadi 'pra' meM 'pha' milatA hai, to 'i' meM kyA milegA ? yahA~ para tIna rAziyA~ haiM 'pra' 'pha' tathA 'i' bhAratIya gaNitajJa 'pra' ko pramANa, 'pha' ko phala aura 'i' ko icchA kahate haiN| ye nAma bhAratIya gaNita ke saba granthoM meM milate haiN| kabhI-kabhI inheM 'prathama', 'dvitIya' aura 'tRtIya' (rAzi) bhI kahA gayA hai| sabhI gaNitajJoM ne likhA hai ki arthAt eka jAti kI hotI haiN| " . prathama aura tRtIya rAziyA~ sadRza, zrIdhara kahate haiM ' ( trairAzika kI) tIna rAziyoM meM se pramANa aura icchA, jo aura anta kI haiM phala rAzi, jo anya jAti kI hai, madhya Adi se bhAga denA cAhiye / ' eka jAti kI haiM, Adi kI hai| madhya aura antima ke guNanaphala ko udAharaNa 1 yadi eka pala aura eka karSa candana kI lakar3I 10 paNa meM prApta hotI hai to nau pala aura eka karSa ( candana kI lakar3I) kitane meM prApta hogI ? yahA~ para 1 pala aura 1 karSa (= aura 9 pala aura eka karSa (=9 pala) icchA hai| ina rAziyoM ko nimna prakAra se likhate haiM - hala 1 pala) pramANa hai, 10 1 paNa phala hai, - - bhinnoM kA savarNana karane para, hameM yaha milatA hai - 21 5 2 4 dvitIya aura tRtIya rAziyoM ko guNA karane para aura prathama rAzi se bhAga dene para hameM milatA hai - 37 4 1 10 9 1 1 1 4 2 4 arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002 5 21 37 4 2 4 21 37 - X 2 5 4 4 25

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haroM kA koSTha parivartana karane para hameM yaha milatA hai 21 5 4 2 37 4 - vyasta trairAzika trairAzika kA niyama batalAne ke bAda bhAratIya gaNitajJoM ne likhA hai ki jaba anupAta vyasta ho taba trairAzika kI kriyA vyasta rIti se karanA cAhiye / 26 = zrIdhara likhate haiM ' trairAzika vyasta hone para madhya rAzi ko prathama rAzi se guNA karake antima rAzi se bhAga denA cAhiye / ' udAharaNa ATha-ATha muktAoM vAle 20 hAroM meM se chaha-chaha muktAoM vAle kitane hAra bana sakate haiM? 21x4x37 5x2x4 nyAsa 8 20 6 1 phala - hAra 4 purANa, 13 paNa, 2 kAkiNI aura 16 varATaka / - mizrAnupAta mizrAnupAta ko bhAratIya gaNita meM, prazna meM prayukta rAziyoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra paMcarAzika, saptarAzika, navarAzika ityAdi saMjJAe~ dI gaI haiM, jo ki kabhI- kabhI 'bahurAzika' saMjJaka sAmAnya zIrSaka ke antargata vargIkRta kiye gaye haiN| zrIdhara ne likhA hai ki paNa 'phala ko eka pakSa se dUsare pakSa meM le jAo Ara ( taba saba bhinnoM ke) haroM kA pakSa parivartana kro| isake bAda donoM pakSoM kI rAziyoM ko ( alaga - alaga) guNA karo aura adhika rAziyoM vAle pakSa ke guNanaphala ko dUsare pakSa kI rAziyoM ke guNanaphala se bhAga de do| (prApta labdhi iSTa phala hai) / - udAharaNa yadi 100 (niSka) kA 1 mahIne kA byAja 5 kA 1 varSa kA byAja kyA hogA ? byAja aura mUladhana ke aura byAja ke jJAna se mUladhana bhI jJAta karo / " byAja nikAlanA prathama pakSa hai - 100 niSka, 1 mahInA, 5 niSka (phala) dvitIya pakSa hai - 16 niSka, 12 mahIne 21 niSka 26 2 3 100 16 BE 5 0 donoM pakSa kI rAziyoM ko nimna prakAra se UrdhvAkAra koSThoM meM likhate haiM (niSka) ho, to 16 (niSka) jJAna se samaya, tathA samaya arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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Upara pahale pakSa meM sabase nIce kI rAzi 5, prathama pakSa kA phala hai, dUsare pakSa meM koI phala nahIM hai| phaloM kA pakSa - parivartana karane para milatA hai - 100 16 dUsare pakSa meM rAziyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai aura usakA guNanaphala 960 hai| kama 96048 rAziyoM vAle pakSa kI saMkhyAoM kA guNanaphala 100 hai| ataeva iSTa - - arthAt 100 5 9- hai| prAcIna bhAratIya ise isa prakAra likhate the - phala - 48 arthAt niSka 9, niSka bhAga samaya nikAlanA - isa avasthA meM do pakSa nimnalikhita haiM 100 niSka, 1 mahInA, 5 niSka 16 niSka, ya mahInA, niSka inheM pahale kI bhA~ti sthApita karane para milatA hai - aura 100/ 16 4A phaloM kA, arthAt sabase nIce ke koSThoM kI saMkhyAoM kA pakSAntara karane para milatA hai - 1001 16 | 0 48 5 haroM kA pakSa - parivartana karane para milatA hai - 1001 16 48 jana arhat vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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yahA~ para adhika saMkhyAe~ pahale pakSa meM haiM aura unakA guNanaphala 4800 hai| dUsare pakSa kI saMkhyAoM kA guNanaphala 400 hai| ataH iSTaphala hai - mUladhana nikAlanA prathama pakSa hai - 100 niSka, 1 mahInA, 5 niSka 4800 - dvitIya pakSa hai - ya niSka, 12 mahIne, niSka inheM pUrvavat isa prakAra likhate haiM sarala samIkaraNa 28 400 - 4800 48 4800 300 400 phaloM (arthAt sabase nIce vAle koSThoM kI rAziyoM) kA pakSa parivartana karane para milatA hai - 100 1 5 o 48 5 12 48 5 100 0 1 12 haroM kA pakSa parivartana karane para milatA hai - - 100 1 48 5 0 12 adhika saMkhyAoM vAle pakSa kI saMkhyAoM ke guNanaphala ko kama saMkhyAoM vAle pakSa kI saMkhyAoM ke guNanaphala se bhAga dene para milatA hai - = 16 niSka 12 mahIne 5 5 - zrIdhara ne bhinnoM kI vibhinna jAtiyoM ke saralIkaraNa kI prakriyA evaM vyavahAra varga arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002

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meM jIva vikraya, bhANDa pratibhANDa, Adi aneka prakaraNoM meM sarala samIkaraNa, sarala yugapata samIkaraNa, anirdhAya rekhIya samIkaraNa ko hala karane meM apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA / varga samIkaraNa zrIdhara ne sarala samIkaraNa ke alAvA varga samIkaraNoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| zrIdhara ke bIjagaNita viSayaka pAMDitya kA bhAskara ne bhI lohA mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM - arthAt brahmagupta, zrIdhara evaM padmanAbha ke bIjagaNita viSayaka kArya atyaMta vistRta haiM, maiMne unase kevala unakA sAra hI grahaNa kiyA hai| yaha kathana zrIdhara kI bIjagaNita viSayaka kRti kI upasthiti evaM mahatva ko darzAtA hai| pATIgaNita viSayaka apanI kRtiyoM meM unhoMne apane etadviSayaka jJAna kA eka aMza hI prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ hama unake varga samIkaraNa viSayaka lAghava ko prastuta kara rahe haiN| bhAskara (1150 I.) ne apane bIjagaNita meM zrIdhara kA nimna niyama uddhRta kiyA hai brahmAhRyazrIdharapadmanAbhabIjAni yasmAddtivistRtAni / 14 AdAya tatsAramakAri nUnaM sadyuktiyuktaM laghuziSyatuSTayai // ' caturAhatavarga samai rUpaiH pakSadvayaM guNayeta / avyakta varga rUpairyuktau pakSo tato mUlam // ' 15 c] ke pakSoM ko ajJAta rAzi ke varga ke guNaka donoM pakSoM meM ajJAta rAzi ke guNaka (b) ke varga (b2) ko jor3o / taduparAnta vargamUla jJAta kro| arthAt ax 2 + bx = c kA hala nimnavat hogA varga samIkaraNa [ax2 + bx = (a) ke cAra gune (4a) se guNA kro| 4a[ax2 + bx] + b+- = 4a.c + b2 4a 2 + 4abx + b 2 = 4ac + b2 (2ax + b) 2 = b2 + 4ac 2ax + b = /b2 + 4ac 2ax = b + /b2 + 4ac -b + b2 + 4ac 2a yaha rIti varga samIkaraNa ko hala karane kI vartamAna meM pracalita rIti hai| jise truTipUrNa DhaMga se umarakhayyAma kI vidhi kahate haiN| arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 x= 16 zrIdhara ke pATIgaNita meM eka aisA niyama pAyA jAtA hai jo anidhArya varga samIkaraNa se sambaddha hai evaM kisI anya bhAratIya gaNitajJa kI kRtiyoM meM nahIM milatA hai| 29

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guNake vargayormadhye tatpadAdho bhujshrutii| kecitprAkkathite tatra vajra keNAhatI tayoH // antarasya kRti: kSepastakoTiH prathamaM padam / RjutyantaraM jyeSThaM rUpakSepe'ntaroddhRte // yaha Nx + 1 kA sApekSa hala pradAna karatA hai| - K Ah-Bb Bh-Ab Bh-Ab yahA~ b, k, h kisI samakoNa tribhuja ke AdhAra, karNa evaM lamba haiM tathA A evaM B do saMkhyAe~ haiM jahA~ AB zrIdhara dvArA zreNI vyavahAra, kSetra gaNita evaM Thosa jyAmiti para bhI mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA gayA hai kintu zrIdhara ne mahAvIra ke samAna kSetragaNita para koI svataMtra kRti nahIM likhii| inakA vivecana bhAga 3 meM kiyA jAyegA / X = saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki pATIgaNita ke vividha viSayoM para zrIdhara ne atyanta maulika evaM pratibhApUrNa kArya kiyA hai| inakI maulikatA, viziSTatA evaM pUrvavartI tathA parivartI gaNitajJoM se tulanAtmaka adhyayana hetu bhAga 3 (lekha kA) dekheN| - sandarbha - 1. kapATa kA artha hai 'daravAje kA pallA' aura sandhi kA artha hai 'jor3a ataH kapATa sandhi kA artha hai 'daravAje ke palloM kA jor3a' / - 2. kRpAzaMkara zuklA, hindU gaNita zAstra kA itihAsa bhAga 1 (pro. bI.bI. datta kI mUla aMgrejI pustaka kA hindI anuvAda), u.pra. hindI grantha akAdamI, lakhanaU, pR. 129 evaM trizatikA ( dvivedI saMskaraNa), pR. 3 aadi| 30 = ; N ; 3. yahI kAraNa hai ki guNana ke artha meM hanana aura isI prakAra ke anya paryAyavAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| 4. isIliye guNanaphala ko pratyutpanna kahate the| 5. hindU gaNita zAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 138 trizatikA, pR. 3. 6. vahI, pR. 143 trizatikA, pR. 4. 7. vahI, pR. 47 8. vahI, pR. 163 9. vahI, pR. 155 y = ; ; trizatikA, pR. 5. trizatikA, pR. 5. trizatikA, pR. 6. . 10. vahI, pR. 159. 11. yahA~ ghanamUla ko 'antya' aura labdhi ko 'Adi' kahA gayA hai| hindU gaNita zAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 188; trizatikA, 12. pR. 8. 13. trizatikA, pR. 12. 14. pATIgaNita kI prastAvanA, pU. XIV. 15. vahI, pR. XIII. 16. vahI, pR. 159, paMkti 9-12. prApta: saMzodhanoparAMta prApta - janavarI 2001 - arhata vacana 14 (23) 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) varSa-14, aMka - 2 - 3, 2002. 31 - 33 gaNanakRti : svarUpa evaM vivecana -pro. udayacandra jaina* "kriyate iti kRti' - jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha kRti hai| "kriyate anayA iti vyatpatte:' - jisase kiyA jAtA hai vaha kRti hai| "kadI kajjaM - kRti kArya hai| kisI bhI viSaya kI racanA, vivecana, prarUpaNA, nirUpaNa, vyAkhyAna, AkhyAna, pravacana, kathana, vizeSa pratipAdana Adi kRti haiN| 'jahA uddeso tahA Nideso tti kaTTa kadi - aNiogaddAra - parUvaNaTThamuttara suttaM bhaNadi (Sa. 4/9/236) jaisA uddezya hotA hai, vaisA hI nirdeza hotA hai, aisA samajhakara kRti kI jAtI hai| usI kRti ke anuyoga (artha ke sAtha sUtra kI jo anukUla yojanA kI jAtI hai) dvAra (pRthaka-pRthaka padoM ke abhiprAya) kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai| 'jattiehi padehi joDsamamgaNANaM paDibaddhehi jo attho jANijjadi tesiM padANaM tatthuppaNNa - NANasya ya aNiyogo ti saNNAM' (4/9/24) arthAt jitane padoM se codahamArgaNAoM kA jo artha mAnA jAtA hai una padoM kA unase utpanna jJAna kI anuyoga saMjJA hotI hai| mArgaNA kA artha anveSaNa, gaveSaNa bhI hai| jahA~, sat, saMkhyA Adi viziSTa caudaha jIva samAsoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, jJAna, saMyama, darzana, lezyA, bhavyatva, saMjJA aura AhAra kA jahA~ anveSaNa hotA hai vahA~ anuyogadvAra hai| caubIsa anuyogadvAroM meM kRti kA prathama sthAna hai, jisameM vividha prakAra ke audArika Adi zarIra kA saMghAtana, parizIlana kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai tathA sabake prathama, aprathama, carama aura acarama samaya meM sthita jIvoM kI kRti, nokRti aura avyaktavya rUpa saMkhyAoM kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai| kRti ke nAma, sthApanA, dravyakRti, gaNanakRti, granthakRti karaNakRti aura bhAvakRti ye sAta adhikAra haiN| ina saba kRtiyoM ko 'Naigama - vavahAra-saMgahA savvAo' (Sa. 4/9/240) naigama, vyavahAra aura saMgraha naya meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| gaNanakRti svarUpa - gaNanakRti meM gaNanA vizeSa ko mahatva diyA jAtA hai| "ekkamAdi kANa jAva ukkassANaMtetti tAva gaNaNA tti vuccade (Sa. 4/9/276) eka ko Adi se lekara utkRSTa ananta taka kI jo rAzi kahI jAtI hai vaha 'gaNanA' hai| gaNanA - "ekkAdi - eyAdiyA' - eka se prAraMbha krnaa| saMkhyA / saMkhyAta - 'do AdIya vi jANa saMkhe tti' - do Adi se utkRSTa ananta taka kI gaNanA 'saMkhyAta' kahalAtI hai| kRti - gaNanAkRti - 'tIyAdINaM NiyamA kadi tti saNNA du boddhavvA' - tIna se lekara utkRSTa ananta taka kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| vaha kRti gaNanAkRti saMjJA ko prApta karatI hai| 'gaNaNakadIepayadaM (4/9/452) gaNanA ke binA anuyogadAra nahIM bana sktaa| jaha ciya morANa sihA NAyANaM laMchaNaM ca stthaannN| ___ mumavArUDhaM gaNiyaM tatthadabhAsaM tado kujjA // (Sa. 4/9/452) jase mayUroM kI zikhA mukhyatA rUr3ha lakSaNa hai, vaise hI nyAyazAstra kA lakSaNa gaNaka/ gaNita gaNanakRti ke bheda - NokadI (no kRti - eka gaNanA prakAra - eo NokadI - eka saMkhyA nokRti hai, kyoMki * rIDara - mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vi.vi., udayapura nivAsa-piU kuMja, aravindanagara, udayapura (rAja.)

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jo rAzi vargita hokara vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai aura apane varga meM se apane varga ke mUla ko kama kara varga karane para jo vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai, use kRti kahate haiN| eka saMkhyA kA varga karane para vRddhi nahIM hotI tathA usameM se vargamUla kama kara dene para vaha nirmUla naSTa ho jAtI hai| isa kAraNa eka saMkhyA nokRti hai / bidiyagaNaNajAdI - 'duve avattavvA kadi tti' do saMkhyA avaktavya kRti hai / tadiyagaNavAkadivihANa tippahuDi jA saMkhA vaggide vaDDhadi tatthaM mUlamavaNiya vaggide vi vaDDimalliyai / tIna se lekara jo saMkhyA vargita karane para cUMki bar3hatI hai aura usameM se mUla ko kama karake punaH varga karane para bhI vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai, aisI kRti gaNanakRti kahalAtI hai| tIna se atirikta gaNanakRti nahIM pAI jAtI hai| eka eka aisI gaNanA karane para nokRtigaNanA tathA tIna, cAra va pA~ca ityAdi krama se gaNanA karane para kRtigaNanA kahalAtI hai| kRtigata saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta va ananta bhedoM se gaNanAkRti aneka prakAra kI hai| 'egAdi eguttarakameNa vaDDirAsI NokadisaMkalaNA' nokRti saMkalanA eka ko Adi lekara eka adhika krama se vRddhi prApta rAzi nokRti saMkalanA hai| jaise - 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Adi / avaktavya saMkalanA 'do Adi do uttarakameNa vaDDigadAavRttavvasaMkalaNA' do ko Adi lekara do se adhika krama se vRddhi ko prApta rAzi avaktavya saMkalanA hai| jaise 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 Adi / - kRti saMkalanA 'tiNNi cattAri AdIsu aNNadaramAdiM kAdUNa tesu ceva vaNNadarUttarakameNa gadavaDDI kadi saMkalaNAM tIna va cAra Adi meM anyatara ko Adi lekara usameM se hI anyatara ke adhika krama se vRddhigata rAzi kRti saMkalana hai| jaise 4, 8, 12, 16 Adi / jaise - 3, 6, 9, 12 Adi / jaise - 5, 10, 15, 20 Adi / saMyogI bhaMga nokRti, avyaktavya aura kRti saMkalanA ke chaha dvisaMyogI bhaMga haiM kRti avyaktavya, nokRti kRti, avyaktavya kRti, avyaktavya nokRti, kRti- nokRti aura kRti avyaktavya / gaNana ke anya prakAra - 'dhaNa- riNa dhaNariNagaNidaM savvaM vattavvaM / 'dhanagaNita saMkalaNA vagga vaggAvagga ghaNa ghaNAghaNa rAsi uppatti - NimittaguNayAro kalAsavaNNA jAva tAva bheya paiNNayajAI o terAsiya paMcarAsiyAdi savvaM dhaNagaNidaM' (Sa. 4 / 9 / 276 ) jisameM saMkalanA, varga, vargAvarga, dhana, dhanAdhana rAziyoM kI utpatti meM nimittabhUta guNakAra aura kalAsavarNa taka bheda prakIrNaka jAtiyA~ trairAzika yA paMcarAzika Adi saba dhanagaNita hai / RNagaNita vyutkalanA, bhAgahAra aura kSaya rUpa kalAsavarNa Adi sUtrapratibaddha saMkhyAe~ RNagaNita haiN| - 32 - - - dhanaRNagaNita * gatinivRtigaNita aura kuTTikAra Adi gaNita dhanaRNagaNita hai| anugama kI dRSTi se gaNita / gaNanakRti isake cAra bheda haiM 1. oghAnugama mUlaughAnugama aura AdezaudhAnugama / 2. prathamAnugama 3. caramAnugama - - 'anugamyaMte parichidyanta iti anugamAH SaDdravyatvaM' - mArgaNoM ke prathama samaya meM yaha anugama kiyA jAtA hai| nArakI jIva carama samaya meM kathaMcita haiM, kyoMki tIna ko Adi lekara arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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saMkhyAta va asaMkhyAta nArakI aMtima samaya meM kadAcita pAe jAte haiN| bhavyasiddhika aura acakSudarzanI carama samaya meM kathaMcit kRti, kathaMcit nokRti aura kathaMcit avyaktavya haiM, kyoMki inake samaya ke sAntaratA pAyI jAtI hai| acarama samaya meM niyama se kRti hai| 4. saMcayAnugama - isameM sataprarUpaNA, dravyapramANAnugama, kSetrAnugama, sparzAnugama, kAlAnugama, antarAnugama, bhAvAnugama aura alpabahutvAnugama, ina ATha anugamoM/ milAna/ mela yA jJAna para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka jIva kI kRti, nokRti aura avyaktavya kA saMcaya hotA hai| unake viSaya ko jAnanA yahI anugama hai| trasa aura sthAvara donoM hI prakAra ke jIvoM kI gaNana saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAta, ananta ke sAtha-sAtha unakI jaghanya kRti aura utkarSa kRti para bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| yA jisake dvArA jIvAdi padArtha jAne jAte haiM, aisI pada mImAMsA bhI gaNana gaNana kRti eka aisI kRti hai, jisase samasta rAziyoM kA pramANa bhI nikala AtA hai, usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana isa bAta ko bhI pramANita karatA hai ki kauna se jIva kitane haiM, unakA kitanA samaya hai, ve kisa kI apekSA adhika haiM aura kisI kI apekSA kama haiM, ityAdi gaNanakRti kI paddhati hai| samasta vastu sthiti ke lekhe-jokhe ke liye ye hI kRti prAmANika bhI hai| gaNanakRti meM una graMthoM ko mahatva diyA jAtA hai jo gaNita se saMbaMdhita hotI haiM, jinameM tInoM lokoM ke viSaya kA samAveza hotA hai| SaTkhaMDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa evaM inakI TIkAyeM jIva dvArA kRta karmoM kA vAstavika mUlyAMkana karatI haiN| pratyeka jIva kA pramANa inakI vizeSatA hai, inameM jahA~ sat kI apekSA eka hai, vahIM vidhi-niSedha Adi se do, dravya, guNa evaM paryAya se tIna, baMdha, mukta, bandhakAraNa aura mokSakAraNa kI apekSA cAra, zarIra kI audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pariNAmika dRSTi pA~ca saMkhyA ko nirdhArita karatI hai| jIva, pudgalAdi chaha dravya, mukta, saMsArI, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla Adi se sAta tatva, bhavya, abhavya, mukta, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kI apekSA ATha, nau padArtha se nau ityAdi vastu kI avasthAe~ hI nahIM, apita pratyeka kI jaghanya, utkRSTa Adi sthiti bhI gaNanakRti kA viSaya hai| tiloyapaNNatti, tiloyasAra Adi graMtha tIna loka kI sampUrNa sthiti gaNita pakSa ke AdhAra para karate haiN| candra kI paridhi candraprajJapti, sUrya ke guNoM kA gaNana sUryaprajJapti Adi meM hai| aSTAMga AyurvijJAna/ zarIra vijJAna kA saMpUrNa pakSa prANAvAya meM hai| isa taraha prathamAnuyoga meM varNita triSaSTi zalAkA puruSoM ke sthiti, kAla, caryA-vihAra, mokSa Adi kI gaNana paddhati gaNanakRti hai| chaha kAla, kulakara, kalpayuga caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nArAyaNa - pratinArAyaNa Adi kI nizcita saMkhyA bhI gaNanakRti kA rahasya hai| isa taraha causaTha akSara, akSara saMyoga, jo samasta aMga granthoM kA pramANa batalAtA hai| eka lAkha caurAsI hajAra sau sar3asaTha kor3Akor3I cavAlIsa lAkha tihattara sau sattara karor3a, paMcAnaveM lAkha ikyAvana hajAra chaha sau pandraha akSara saMyoga kI dRSTi se aMga AgamoM kA pramANa gaNanakRti hai| inake pada eka sau bAraha karor3a terAsI lAkha aTThAvana hajAra pA~ca pada mAtra haiN| madhyama pada - 16348307888 ke saMyogAkSaroM se hai| arthapada evaM pramANapada kA jitanA bhI gaNana hai, vaha bhI gaNanakRti hai| ityAdi samasta saMghAta, prativRtti, anuyogadvAra Adi aMgazruta kI saMkhyA gaNanakRti hai| prApta ; 22.09.2002 arhat vacana, 14(2 -3), 2002

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arhat vacana puraskAra varSa 13 (2001) kI ghoSaNA kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA maulika evaM zodhapUrNa AlekhoM ke sRjana ko protsAhana dene evaM zodhArthiyoM ke zrama ko sammAnita karane ke uddezya se varSa 1990 meM arhat vacana puraskAroM kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| isake antargata prativarSa arhat vacana meM eka varSa meM prakAzita 3 zreSTha AlekhoM ko puraskRta kiyA jAtA hai|| varSa 2001 ke cAra aMkoM meM prakAzita AlekhoM ke mUlyAMkana ke liye eka trisadasyIya nirNAyaka maNDala kA nimnavat gaThana kiyA gayA thA - 1. pro. e. e. abbAsI pUrva kulapati - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura bI-417, sudAmA nagara, indaura 2. pro. gaNeza kAvaDiyA prAdhyApaka-arthazAstra, arthazAstra adhyayanazAlA, de.a.vi.vi, e-3, vizvavidyAlaya AvAsIya parisara, khaNDavA ror3a, indaura 3. zrI sUrajamala bobarA sadasya - saMpAdaka maMDala, arhat vacana, 9/2, snehalatAgaMja (zrama zivira ke pIche), indaura nirNAyakoM dvArA pradatta prAptAMkoM ke AdhAra para nimnAMkita AlekhoM ko kramaza: prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya puraskAra hetu cunA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki pUjya munirAjoM, AryikA mAtAoM. arhata vacana sampAdaka maMDala ke sadasyoM evaM vigata pA~ca varSoM meM isa puraskAra se sammAnita lekhakoM dvArA likhita lekha pratiyogitA meM sammilita nahIM kiye jAte haiN| puraskRta lekha ke lekhakoM ko kramaza: rupaye 5000/-, 3000/- evaM 2000/- kI nagada rAzi, prazasti patra evaM smRti cinha se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| prathama puraskAra : Solar System in Jainism and Modem Astronomy, 13(1), January 2001. Dr. Rajmal Jain, 45, Adarsh Colony Pulla, P.B. 24, Udaipur (Raj.) dvitIya puraskAra : Jainism Abroad, 13(1), January 2001. Sri Satish Kumar Jain, Secretary General - Ahimsa International, C-III/3129, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. tRtIya puraskAra : jaina dharma meM Asrava tattva kA svarUpa, 13 (3-4), julAI - disambara 2001. DaoN. mukularAja mehatA, risarca sAiMTisTa, 'sI' darzana evaM dharma vibhAga, kAzI hindU vi.vi., vArANasI (u.pra.) puraskAra samarpaNa kAryakrama saMbhavata: disambara 2002 meM Ayojita kiyA jaayegaa| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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arhat vaca kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka - 2 - 3, 2002, 35-39 jaina darzana mAnya kAla jaina paramparA meM kAla ke saMdarbha meM do avadhAraNAeM prApta haiM - pAMca astikAya ke sAtha jaba 'kAla- dravya' ko yojita kara diyA jAtA hai taba unheM hI SaDdravya kahA jAtA hai|' vizva vyavasthA meM kAladravya kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| dravya D samaNI maMgalaprajJA * - (1) prathama avadhAraNA ke anusAra kAla svataMtra dravya nahIM hai, vaha jIva aura ajIva kI paryAyamAtra hai| 2 isa mAnyatA ke anusAra jIva evaM ajIva dravya ke pariNamana ko hI upacAra kAla mAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH jIva aura ajIva hI kAla dravya hai| kAla kI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| pAMtajalayogasUtra meM bhI kAla kI vAstavika sattA nahIM mAnI gayI hai| kAla vastugata satya nahIM hai| buddhinirmita tathA zabdajJAnAnupAtI hai| vyutthitadRSTi vAle vyaktiyoM ko vastu svarUpa kI taraha avabhAsita hotA hai| isakA yahI bhAvArtha hai ki kAla kA vyAvahArika astitva hai, tAtvika astitva nahIM hai| (2) dUsarI avadhAraNA ke anusAra kAla svataMtra dravya hai| addhAsamaya ke rUpa meM usakA pRthak ullekha hai| yadyapi kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane vAloM ne bhI usako astikAya nahIM mAnA hai / sarvatra dharma adharma Adi pAMca astikAyoM kA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| 5 zvetAmbara paramparA meM kAla kI donoM prakAra kI avadhAraNAoM kA ullekha hai kintu digambara paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane vAlI avadhAraNA kA hI ullekha hai / yadyapi zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai kintu kAla ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM unameM paraspara bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kAla ke aNu nahIM mAnatI tathA vyAvahArika kAla ko samayakSetravartI tathA naizcayika kAla ko loka aloka pramANa mAnatI hai|" digambara paramparA ke anusAra 'kAla' lokavyApI aura aNu rUpa hai| kAlANu asaMkhya hai, lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para eka- eka kAlANu sthita hai| 7 paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne kAla ko svataMtra dravya na mAnane vAlI avadhAraNA ko prAcIna mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki "kAla ko pRthak nahIM mAnane kA pakSa prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai, kyoMki loka kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM ke mata meM eka hI hai ki loka paMcAstikAyamaya hai| kahIM yaha uttara nahIM dekhA gayA ki loka dravyAtmaka hai| ataeva mAnanA par3atA hai ki jainadarzana meM kAla ko pRthak mAnane kI paramparA utanI prAcIna nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM kAla ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda bhI dekhA jAtA hai| "8 AcArya mahAprajJa ina donoM avadhAraNAoM kI saMgati anekAnta ke AdhAra para karate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki "kAla chaha dravyoM meM eka dravya bhI hai aura jIva- ajIva kI paryAya bhI hai| ye donoM kathana sApekSa haiM, virodhI nhiiN| nizcayadRSTi meM kAla jIva ajIva kI paryAya hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi meM vaha dravya hai| use dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai| vaha pariNamana kA hetu hai, yahI usakA upakAra hai| isI kAraNa vaha dravya mAnA jAtA hai| 10 * lekhikA terApaMtha zvetAmbara jaina dharmasaMgha ke AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI kI AjJAnuvartanI hai| nidezaka- mahAdevalAla sarAvagI anekAnta zodhapITha, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ (rAjasthAna )

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kAla paramANu 12 bhagavatI sUtra meM cAra prakAra ke paramANuoM kA ullekha huA hai|" yadyapi yaha ullekha dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke saMdarbha meM huA hai| jaise ki Agama sAhitya kI zailI hai vaha vastu kI vyAkhyA dravya, kSetra Adi ke mAdhyama se karatA hai, udAharaNa svarUpa hama paMcAstikAya kA saMdarbha le sakate haiN|" kintu prastuta prasaMga meM paramANu ke prakAra pudgala se jur3e hue nahIM hai arthAt paudgalika paramANu kI dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA rahI hai apitu dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke paramANu batAe jA rahe haiN| dravyarUpa paramANu ko dravya paramANu, AkAzapradeza ko kSetra paramANu samaya ko kAlaparamANu evaM bhAvaparamANu ko pudgala kA paramANu mAnA gayA hai| 13 prastuta prasaMga meM vizeSa mananIya kAla paramANu hai| bhagavatI TIkA meM samaya ko kAla paramANu kahA hai, jaisA ki hamane Upara ullekha kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra kAla ke aMtima avibhAjya bhAga ko samaya kahA jAtA hai 14 jise jainetara darzanoM meM kSaNa kahA gayA hai| 15 kSaNa aura samaya ye donoM zabda eka hI bhAva ko prakaTa kara rahe haiM unako paraspara paryAyavAcI mAnA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM kAla ko paryAya tathA svataMtra dravya rUpa meM mAnane kI avadhAraNA hai| bhagavatI TIkA meM samaya ko kAla paramANu kahA hai| 15 jabaki digambara paramparA meM samaya ko kAlANu kI paryAya kahA gayA hai|" dravyAnuyogatarkaNA meM samaya ke AdhAra ko kAlANu kahA gayA hai| ka - - kAla kA Urdhvapracaya zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM kAla ke astitva ko to svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kintu use astikAya nahIM mAnA hai| astikAya vahI ho sakatA hai jisakA skandha bana ske| kAla ke atIta samaya naSTa ho jAte haiN| anAgata samaya anutpanna hote haiM, isalie usakA skandha nahIM bntaa| vartamAna samaya eka hotA hai, isalie usakA tiryak pracaya (tirachA phailAva ) nahIM hotaa| kAla kA skandha yA tiryak pracaya nahIM hotA, isalie vaha astikAya nahIM hai| 18 kAla kI pUrva evaM apara paryAya meM UrdhvatApracaya hotA hai| kAla ke pradeza nahIM hote isalie usake tiryak pracaya nahIM hotaa| 20 - - 36 - "digambara paramparA ke anusAra kAlANuoM kI saMkhyA lokAkAza ke tulya hai| AkAza ke eka- eka pradeza para eka- eka kAlANu avasthita hai| kAlazakti aura vyakti kI apekSA eka pradezavAlA hai| isalie isake tiryak- pracaya nahIM hotaa| dharma Adi pAMca dravya ke tiryakpracaya kSetra kI apekSA se hotA hai aura Urdhva pracaya kAla kI apekSA se hotA hai| unake pradeza samUha hotA hai, isalie ve phailate haiM aura kAla ke nimitta se unameM paurvAparya yA kramAnugata prasAra hotA hai| samayoM kA pracaya jo hai vahI kAla dravya kA Urdhva pracaya hai| 21 - Agama sAhitya meM kAla ko astikAya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| kyoM nahIM mAnA gayA hai isakA ullekha nahIM hai| yaha Agama kI zailIgata vizeSatA hai ki vaha tatva ke nirUpaNa meM tarka kA sahArA nahIM letaa| uttarakAlIna jaina sAhitya ko kyoM kA bhI uttara denA thA ataH unheM anivAryatA se hetu kA avalambana lenA pdd'aa| kAla ke vibhAga kAla ke samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta, divasa Adi se lekara pudgalaparivarta taka aneka vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| 22 ina vibhAgoM ke atirikta bhI kAla ke anya prakAra bhI upalabdha haiN| sthAnAMga evaM bhagavatI meM kAla ko cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai. - pramANakAla, yathAyunirvRttikAla, arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 -

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maraNakAla aura addhAkAla|23 jisake dvArA varSa Adi kA jJAna hotA hai use pramANakAla kahA jAtA hai, yaha addhAkAla kA hI divasa AdilakSaNa vAlA bheda hai|" jisa prakAra se AyuSya kA baMdhana huA hai usa rUpa meM avasthiti ko yathAyunivRttikAla kahA jAtA hai| yaha nAraka Ada AyuSya lakSaNa vAlA hai| AyuSyakarma ke anubhava se viziSTa yaha addhAkAla hI hai| yaha sAre saMsArI jIvoM ke hotA hai|25 mRtyu bhI kAla kI paryAya hai use maraNakAla kahA gayA hai|28 sUrya, candra Adi kI gati se sambandha rakhane vAlA addhAkAla kahalAtA hai| kAla kA pradhAna rUpa addhA - kAla hI hai| zeSa tInoM isI ke viziSTa rUpa haiN| addhAkAla vyAvahArika hai| vaha manuSyaloka meM hI hotA hai| isalie manuSya loka ko samaya kSetra kahA jAtA hai| aDhAI dvIpa meM hI manuSya nivAsa karate haiN| usako hI samayakSetra kahA gayA hai|28 nizcaya - kAla jIva - ajIva kA paryAya hai, vaha loka- aloka vyApI hai| usake vibhAga nahIM hote| kAla kA aMtima bheda samaya hai| paramANu maMdagati se eka AkAza pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM jAtA hai utane kAla ko samaya (kSaNa) kahA jAtA hai| samaya atyanta sUkSma hai| AgamoM meM kamalapatrabhedana, julAhe dvArA jIrNa vastra kA phAr3anA Adi udAharaNoM se use samajhAyA gayA hai|30 nizcaya evaM vyavahAra kAla nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke bheda se kAla do prakAra kA parigaNita hai| nizcaya kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kAla kA yahI lakSaNa nirdiSTa hai|1 AcArya akalaMka ne svasattAnubhUti ko vartanA kahA hai|2 vartanA sabhI padArthoM meM sarvatra hotI hai ata: nizcaya kAla sabameM evaM sarvatra vidyamAna hai| tatvArthasUtra meM kAla ke pAMca lakSaNa batalAe gae haiM - vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aprtv| inameM vartanA aura pariNAma kA sambandha naizcayika kAla se tathA kriyA, paratva aura aparatva kA sambandha vyAvahArika kAla se hai| akalaMka ke anusAra manuSya kSetravartI samaya, AvalikA Adi vyAvahArika kAla ke dvArA hI sabhI jIvoM kI karmasthiti, bhava-sthiti aura kAya-sthiti kA pariccheda hotA hai| saMkhyeya, asaMkhyeya aura ananta isa kAla gaNanA kA AdhAra bhI vyAvahArika kAla hai|" Adhunika vijJAna bhI kAla ko svataMtra dravya nahIM mAna rahA hai| usake anusAra kAla Subjective hai| Stephen Hawking ke zabdoM meM Adhunika vijJAna sammata kAla kI avadhAraNA ko hama samajha sakate haiM Our views of nature ' of timte have changed over the years. Up to the beginning of this century people belived in an absolute time. That is, each event could be labeled by a number called "time" in a unique way, and all good clocks would agree on the time interval between two events. However, the discovery that the speed of light appeared the same to every observer, no matter how he was moving, led to the theory of relativity - and in that one had to abandon the idea that there was a unique absolute time. Instead, each observer would have his own measure of time as recorded by a clock that he carried : clocks carried by different observes would not necessarily agree. Thus time beacame a more personal concept, relative concept, relative to the observer who measured it. ___ kAla ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vibhinna matabheda ho sakate haiM kintu vyAvahArika arhat vacana, 14(2-3), 2002 37

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jagat meM usakI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| isI upayogitA ke kAraNa kAla ko dravya kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| 'upakArakaM dravyam jo upakAra karatA hai vaha dravya hai| kAla kA upakAra bhI pratyakSa siddha hai ataH kAla kI svIkRti Avazyaka hai| kAlavAdI dArzanika to mAtra kAla ko hI vizva kA niyAmaka tatva svIkAra karate haiN| 36 itanA bhI na mAne to bhI vizva vyavasthA kA eka anivArya ghaTaka tatva to kAla ko mAnanA hI hogaa| saMdarbha - 1. paJcAstikAya gAthA 7 gaccheti daviyabhAvaM te deva adhikAyA tekAliyabhAvapariNadAM NicyA pariNaliMgasaMjuttA // / 2. ThANaM, 2 / 387, samayAti vA AvaliyAti vA, jIvAti vA ajIvAti vA / 3. pAtaMjalayogadarzanam, (saMpA. svAmI hariharAnanda, dillI, 1991 ) 3/52, sa khalvayaM kAlo vastuzUnyo buddhinirmANaH zabdajJAnAnupAtI laukikAnAM vyutthitadarzanAnAM vastusvarUpa ivAvabhAsate / * 4. aMgasuttANi 2 ( bhagavaI) 13 / 61-71 5. vahI, 2 / 124 6. vahI 5 / 248 7. dravyasaMgraha, (le, nemicandra, mathurA, vI. ni. saM. 2475), gAthA 22 hu ekekA rayaNAnaM rAsI iva te kAlANU asaMkhadavvANi // 8. saMghavI sukhalAla, darzana aura ciMtana, (ahamadAbAda, 1957) khaNDa 1-2 pR. 333 9. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 214 10. uttarajjhavaNANi 28 / 10 kA TipyaNa, pR. 148 11. aMgasuttANi 2 ( bhagavaI) 20 / 40, cauvihe paramANu paNNatte, taM jahA dayvaparamANU khettaparamANU, kAlaparamANU bhAvaparamANU // 12. vahI, 2 / 125-129 13. bhagavatIkRti patra 788 vivakSaNAditi evaM kSetra prAdhAnyavivakSaNAt / 38 tatra dravyarUpaH paramANurdravyaparamANuH eko'purvarNAdibhAvAnAmavivakSaNAt dravyatvasyaiva paramANu AkAza pradeza: kAlaparamANu samaya: bhAvaparamANuH paramANureva varNAdibhAvAnAM 14. Mookerjee, Satakari, Illuminator of Jaina Tenets P. 14 (footnote) samaya, being the smallest indivisible quantum of time, can perhaps be appropriately called called time-point. 15. pAtaMjalayogadarzanam 3 / 52 yathApakarSaparyantaM dravyaM paramANurevaM paramApakarSaparyantaH kAlaH kSaNaH / 16. bhagavatIvRtti patra 788 17 jainendra siddhAnta koza (saMpA. jinendravarNI, dillI, 1986) bhAga 2 pR. 84, samayastAvatsUkSmakAlarUpaH . prasiddhaH sa eva paryAyaH na dravyam taca kAlaparyAya syopAdAnakAraNabhUtaM kAlANurUpaM kAladravyameva na ca pudglaadi| - 18. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, 10 / 143, mandagatyApyaNuryAvatpradeze nasabhaH sthitau / yAti tatsamayayasyaiva sthAnaM kAlANurucyate // - 20. vahI, 10/16 praNayordhvatvametasya dvayoH paryAyayo bhvt| tiryakpracayatA nAsya pradezatvaM vinA kvacit // 21. mahAprajJa, AcArya, jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 195 logAgAsapadese, ekeka je ThiTA 19. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, 10 / 16 vR. (pR. 179 ) parantu svandhasya pradezasamudAyaH kAlasya nAsti tasmAddharmAstikAyAdInAmiva tiryakpracayatA na saMbhavati etAvatA tiryakpracayatvaM naasti| tenaiva kAladravyamastikAya iti nocyate / arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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22. aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 415 / 1, samayAvaliya- muhuttA, divasamahosta- pakkhamAsA ya saMvacchara- juga paliyA, sAgara osappi pariyaTTA / (kha) aMgasuttANi 2, 11 / 119 23. (ka) vANaM, 4/134 24. bhagavatIvRtti patra 533 pramIyate paricchidyate yena varSazatAdi tat pramANaM sacAsau kAlazcetipramANakAla... advAkAlasya vizeSo divasAdilakSaNaH / 25. bhagavatIvRtti patra 533 26. vahI, vRtti patra 533 27. vahI, vRtti patra 533 28. aMgasuttANi 2, ( bhagavaI) 2 / 122 29. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, 10 / 14, tulanIya pAtaMjalayogadarzanam, 3/52, yAvatA vA samayena calitaH paramANuH pUrvadezaM jahyAduttarapradezamupasampadyeta sa kAlaH kSaNaH / 30. aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 417 31. uttarajjhayaNANi, 28 / 10, vattaNAM lakkhaNo kAlo / 32. tatvArthavArti, 5/22/4, pratidravyaparyAyamantamatikasamayA svasattAnubhUtirvartanA / 33 tatvArthasUtra, 5 / 22 varttanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya / 34 tatvArthavArtika, 5 / 22 / 25. manuSyakSetrasamutthane jyotirgatisamayAvalikAdinA paricchina kriyAkalApena kAlavartanayA kAlAkhyena UrdhvamAstiryaka ca prANinAM saMkhyeyA'saMkhyeyA'nantAnantakAlagaNanAprabhedena karmabhavakAyasthitiparicchedaH sarvatra jaghanya madhyamotkRSTAvasthAH kriyte| - 35. Hawking, Stephen, Brief History of Time, New York, 1990, P. 143 36. SaDdarzanasamuccaya (DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, dillI, 1997) vR.pU. 16, kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prjaaH| kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi duratikramaH // prApta : 06.05.2002 - JINAMANJARI THIS ISSUE EXPLORES JAINA MATHEMATICS jaina vidyA kA paThanIya SaTmAsika JINAMANJARI Editor Periodicity : Publisher : Contact : arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 : S.A. Bhuvanendra Kumar Bi-annual (April & October) Brahmi Society, Canada-U.S.A. Dr. S.A. Bhuvanendra Kumar 4665 Moccasin Trail, MISSISSAUGA, ANTARIO, Canada 14z2w5 39

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jJAnodaya itihAsa puraskAra zrImatI zAMtidevI ratanalAlajI bobarA kI smRti meM zrI sUrajamalajI bobarA, indaura dvArA sthApita jJAnodaya phAuNDezana ke saujanya se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke mAdhyama se jJAnodaya puraskAra kI sthApanA 1998 meM kI gaI hai| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki darzana evaM sAhitya kI apekSA itihAsa evaM purAtattva ke kSetra meM maulika zodha kI mAtrA alpa rahatI hai| phalata: yaha puraskAra jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM maulika zodha ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata puraskAra rAzi meM vRddhi karate hue varSa 2000 se prativarSa jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM sarvazreSTha zodha patra/pustaka prastuta karane vAle vidvAn ko rupaye 11000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla evaM zrIphala se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 1998 kA puraskAra rAmakathA saMgrahAlaya, phaijAbAda ke pUrva nidezaka DaoN. zailendra rastogI ko unakI kRti "jaina dharma kalA prANa RSabhadeva aura unake abhilekhIya sAkSya' para 29.3.2000 ko samarpita kiyA gyaa| isa kRti kA jJAnodaya phAuNDezana ke Arthika sahayoga se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| varSa 1999 kA puraskAra pro. hampA nAgarAjaiyyA (Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiyah) ko unakI kRti "A History of the Rastrakutas of Malkhed and Jainism para pradAna kiyA gyaa| varSa 2000 kA puraskAra DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina (gvAliyara) ko unakI kRti 'jaina stUpa paramparA' para ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| yaha zIghra hI samarpita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 2001 ke puraskAra ke cayana hetu prakriyA gatimAna hai, isakI ghoSaNA agale aMka meM kiyA jAnA saMbhAvita hai| varSa 2002 se cayana kI prakriyA meM parivartana kiyA jA rahA hai| aba koI bhI vyakti puraskAra hetu kisI lekha yA pustaka ke lekhaka ke nAma kA prastAva sAmagrI sahita preSita kara sakatA hai| cayanita kRti ke lekhaka ko aba ru. 11000/- kI rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti pradAna kI jaayegii| sAtha hI cayanita kati ke prastAvaka ko bhI ru. 1000/- kI rAzi se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 2002 ke puraskAra hetu prastAva sAde kAgaja para evaM sambaddha kRti/Alekha ke lekhaka tathA prastAvaka ke samparka ke pate, phona naM. sahita 31 disambara 2002 taka mAnada saciva, kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452 001 ke pate para prApta ho jAnA caahiye| jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana/anusaMdhAna meM ruci rakhane vAle sabhI vidvAnoM/samAjaseviyoM se Agraha hai ki ve vigata 5 varSoM meM prakAza meM Aye jaina itihAsa/purAtattva viSayaka maulika zodha kAryoM ke saMkalana, mUlyAMkana evaM sammAnita karane meM hameM apanA sahayoga pradAna kreN| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla DaoN. anupama jaina adhyakSa mAnada saciva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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varSa - 14, aMka-2-3, 2002, 41-50 arhata vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) kAla viSayaka dRSTikoNa .bra. (DaoN.) sneharAnI jaina* ABBEBASRAEBAR kAla sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM meM apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| kisI ne ise samaya kahA hai, kisI ne ckr| kisI ne mRtyu, kisI ne ym| jainadharma meM ise vizva ke mUla chaha dravyoM meM se eka mAnA hai jo svayaM to vartanA karatA hI hai, jisa bhI dravya ke samparka meM AtA hai usameM bhI vartanA lAtA hai| isa hetu yaha bahupradezI kahA gayA hai aura samUcA eka dravya bhii| pUrA brahmANDa isake pradezoM, kAlANuoM se ThasAThasa bharA hai, jo paramANu meM parivartana lAte haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM kahA hai - paramANu pracalanAyata: samaya: isakI kucha vizeSatAyeM haiN| dravya hone se yaha avinAzI hai| isakA na koI Adi hai na aNt| yaha nirantara parivartanazIla hai| yahI isakI nirantaratA hai kintu yaha vartanA kI sarpiNI rekhA mAnI gaI hai jo Age bar3hatI hai| nA thamatI hai, nA palaTa sakatI hai, nA hI uchala sakatI hai| yaha do prakAra kA astitva rakhatI hai| vyavahAra meM vartanA dikhalAte ise parivartana ke kAraNa khaMDoM meM nApA jA sakatA hai tathA usakA astitva ikAI svarUpa 'samaya' hai jo ati sUkSma 'vartamAna' hai| isa vartamAna se pUrva 'anAdi bhUta' aura AgAmI 'anaMta bhaviSya' hai, dravya rUpa yaha 'kAlANu' hai jo prati samaya parivartanazIla hai| yaha kAlANu svataMtra hai phira bhI prabhAvI hai| na jur3atA hai aura na sthAna chor3atA hai| na bAdhA karatA hai, na prANa haratA hai| adRzya hone ke kAraNa yaha bahuta bhrAMtiyoM se dekhA jAtA hai| ina bhrAMtiyoM kI tulanA meM isake svarUpa ko jainadharma kisa prakAra prastuta karatA hai, yaha hameM dekhanA hai| lagabhaga 11 varSa pUrva meksamyUlara bhavana, mumbaI ke tatvAvadhAna meM TATA insTITyUTa, TAITana ghar3I, USIS phrAMsa, jApAna aura sviTajaralaiNDa kansuleToM ke sahayoga se kAla (Time = samaya) ke Upara eka kAMphreMsa Ayojita kI gaI thI jisameM vizva ke 30 vidvAnoM, vaijJAnikoM tathA darzanazAstriyoM ne bhAga liyA aura apane- apane dRSTikoNa diye| bhAratIya dRSTikoNa bhI lAye gaye jo prabhAvI rhe| hamAre pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha prastuta dRSTikoNoM ko yahA~ ati sArAMza meM prastuta karane kA hamArA uddezya hai| chaha dina calane vAlI usa kAMphreMsa meM 25 patra prastutiyA~ rahIM jo sArAMza meM isa prakAra haiM - sarvaprathama zrI je. je. bhAbhA ne udghATana bhASaNa meM samaya kI mAnasika anubhUti para vicAra prastuta karate hue batAyA ki samaya na to koI 'asti' hai nA hI 'anubhava' / anubhava ke liye kAla Avazyaka hai (kadAcita ve vartanA ko lakSya kara rahe the| unakI dRSTi meM AkAza aura kAla paraspara paryAyavAcI zabda lge| jaina mAnyatAnusAra ye donoM hI do alaga-alaga svataMtra dravya haiM, avinAzI haiN| eka rocaka bAta unhoMne kahI - 'kAla ke sAtha jIvana kI icchA hI amaratA hai| bacce apane Apa nahIM A jaate| Apa unheM zarIra de sakate haiM, kintu vicAra nhiiN| jIvana svayaM ko kabhI nahIM doharAtA, nA hI bIte kSaNoM se bAta kI jA sakatI hai| kisI bhI vastu kA kAla ke binA astitva saMbhava nahIM viSaya prastuta karate hue DaoN. vIgenDa kanjAkI ne do jvalaMta prazna uThAye - 'samaya ko kaise niyaMtrita kara sakate haiM?', usakI mAtrA/paimAnA kaise nirdhArita ho|?' hameM bhalIbhA~ti

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samajha meM AtA hai ki samaya hamAre niyaMtraNa se pare bIta rahA hai| vaha svaniyaMtrita hai| use hama cAhakara bhI teja athavA dhIme bItane ko bAdhya nahIM kara sakate haiN| vartanA se hI usakI mAtrA nirdhArita hotI hai| vaha cAhe paimAnA sUrya AdhArita ho, cAhe candra AdhArita (dainika, pAkSika), cAhe mausama AdhArita ho cAhe ayana AdhArita (varSa), cAhe tAre, nakSatroM para AdhArita ho cAhe pazu-pakSiyoM, vRkSoM kI pratikriyAoM se| cAhe zizu ke garbha sthiti ke kAla se ho athavA mahilAoM ke zArIrika badalAva se (maasik)| cAhe nidrA ke kAla se athavA samudra ke jvAra - bhATe se| aisI hI anya naisargika jIva ghar3I (Biological Clock) ke mAdhyama kI vizeSatAe~ DaoN. candrazekharana ne btlaaii| meksaplAMka se DaoNrTapuTa, jarmanI ke DaoN. sTIphena myUlara ne samaya kI vartanA ko bhautikI saMdarbho se lete hue jaivikI saMdarbho se jor3a diyaa| unhoMne DaoN. rUDolpha phrIDarikha dvArA bhautikI meM 'kSetrIya' tathA 'kAla daurAna' vyavasthAoM se jAnane kA jo siddhAnta batalAyA hai, vaha pUrA gaNitIya hai| isa sandarbha meM inhoMne nyUTana kA siddhAnta, kvAnTama mekenijma, AiMsTIna kA sUtra, dravoM ke bahAva kA niyama, kAineTika sUtra sabhI ko jIvana se jor3ate hue samaya kI naimittikI btlaaii| alaga-alaga vastuoM ke alaga - alaga Decay Time aura Shelf life hote haiN| arthAt samaya kA saba para samAna prabhAva nahIM hai, zarIra se tatvoM ke (vikAroM ke) niSkAsana kA alaga-alaga samaya hai| ve banAne ke liye bhI alaga-alaga samaya upayoga hotA hai| arthAt samaya pratyeka ghaTanA ke liye svayaM ko apane Apa svataMtra rakhakara saMyojita karatA hai| parantu samaya kA ghaTanAoM se hara prakriyA meM eka anupAtika saMbaMdha hai jise grApha pepara para khIMcakara tInoM dizAoM meM anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kAla ke alaga-alaga paimAne bhI istemAla kara sakate haiN| jIvoM para prayoga karate samaya hameM bhinna-bhinna kaI prabhAva bhinna-bhinna gati se dikhate spaSTa hote haiM aura dimAga ke EEG signalsa aura hRdaya tathA masalsa ke alaga-alaga gati saMketa milate haiN| DArTapuTa, jarmana vidvAna DaoN. phrIdarikha ne ghaTanAoM ke samakAlIna prabhAvI kAraNoM para dhyAna citr| - DaoN. phodAraNa ke anusAra system parakAla prabhAga dilAte hue kisI bhI System ke (x, y, z, space) variables batalAye haiN| kAla eka alaga Variable hai| jaba mAtra (x, y, z) Variable hoM taba ve ThaharA huA Space viSaya banAte haiN| jaba (x, y, 2 (0) to ve eka nitya badalatA huA Dynamic System viSaya banAte haiN| nitya badalatA huA System nimna cAra prakAra kA saMbhava hai (dekheM citra) AAAAA rAsAyanika prabhAvoM meM kAla kA prabhAva isa prakAra badalatA huA nahIM, bhinna hotA hai| udAharaNArtha glAyamolisisa meM (masalsa se zarkarA banAte samaya) vaha tIna prakAra kA dikhatA hai| enjAima kI upasthiti meM yaha (1) uttejanazIla (Excitable), (2) uttejita (Excited) tathA (3) supta samaya khIMcatA (Refractory). 6 arhat vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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TATA insTITyUTa, mumbaI ke DaoN. padmanAbhana ne samaya ko Mach ( mAka) siddhAntAnusAra sevaka kI bhAMti kaida huA drshaayaa| cUMki Timex Space Timex Place aura sthAna badalA gayA, Space meM usakA anumAna nahIM hai ataH badalA khlaayegaa| grIka meM ise ( vartamAna ko) hairAsa kahA hai jo ghaTanAyeM ghaTAtA hai aura isI AdhAra para Newtonic View Point ko gravity ke sAtha jAnA gayA (kadAcita yaha dharma, adharma dravya ke jaisA hI saMketa hai) / barlina ke jarmana vidvAn DaoN. klAuja maoNrisa ne samaya ko zakti kA saMketa batalAyA / unake anusAra ye zakti badalI jA sakatI hai aura prabhAvI kAla bhI bar3hAyA / ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai jahA~ taka bhautikI aura rasAyana kA prabhAva hai yaha sahaja saMbhava hai prAkRtika ghaTa rahI ghaTanAoM meM isa kAla ko bAMdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yathA garbha sthita bhrUNa 280 dina kA garbhakAla legA, ise bar3hAnA / ghaTAnA saMbhava nahIM hai kyA samaya ko kama karAke hama saMskRti ko badala sakate haiM ? sthAna kI bhinnatA se hameM samaya 'badalate prabhAva se jor3atA hai| kintu isa samaya ko to hamane suvidhAnusAra ghaMToM, minaToM, sekaMDoM meM tor3A hai vo jo ghar3I hai jisake kAMToM kI sthiti sthAna badalakara hameM saMketa detI hai ki kitanA samaya bIta gyaa| usI mazIna ghar3I kI jagaha hama sUrya ghar3I le leM to dina, mausama, ayana aura varSa jAne jA sakate haiN| jala ghar3I lene se hama jala ke bharAva aura risAva se sekaMDa, miniTa aura ghaMTe jAna sakate haiN| aisI hI eka ghar3I jarmanI meM abhI vidyamAna hai (barlina meN)| isakI jagaha rasoIghara kI reta ghar3I bhI ho sakatI hai jo pahale ghara ghara pAzcAtya jagata meM upayoga kI jAtI rhii| jo bhI saMketa hoM ve saba eka zakti kA pratIka haiM ataH samaya ko zakti ke rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai| - maduraI ke pro. ema. ke. candrazekharana ne pazuoM dvArA jJAta kAla gaNanA, unakI naisargika pravRtiyoM para AdhArita drshaayii| cUhoM, kutte ke navajAta pilloM, gilahariyoM, camagIdar3oM Adi kI naisargika ghar3I alaga-alaga pUrva nizcita hai| yaha pratyeka pazu-pakSI ke usI nizcita samaya para uThane, jAgane, pukArane bhUkha lagane aura halacala ke saMketa detI hai| isake avalokanArtha prayogazAlAoM meM unheM bhinna bhinna paristhitiyoM meM rakhakara (40 mITara nIce jamIna ke andara talaghara meM jahA~ sUrya kI rozanI aura bAharI jagata kA kolAhala nahIM, sannATA hai, 27deg se. tApamAna aura 95% ArdratA meM) dekhane para unakI naisargika ghar3I (Chronologic Clock) meM koI antara nahIM thA mAtra cUhoM meM vaha 23 ghaMTe 54 minaTa kI rhii| rAsAyanika kriyAoM kI ghaTanAoM meM dhAtuoM, lavaNoM aura sTArca + AyoDAiDa kriyAtmakatA se rAsAyanika ghar3I bhI usI prakAra saMcAlita dikhii| paudhoM kI zvAMsa prakriyA meM dharatI ke utane bhItara bhI sUrya kA prabhAva bAharI samaya se mela nahIM khaataa| herIsana oena ne breDa ke bAsIpana se uThatI phaphUMda, gaMde pAnI meM panapate jIvANuoM ke Behavioral Expression ko bhI jaivika ghar3I (Biological Clock) mAnA vyavahAra rUpa pratyeka jIva kA samaya ke sAtha apanA-apanA nijI saMbaMdha aura pratikriyAe~ haiN| ( ThIka isa prakAra jaise mAnava kI garbha avasthiti 9 mAsa, gAya kI 9 mAsa, bhaiMsa kI 12 mAsa, kutte kI 3 mAsa) DaoN. phrAMsisa menejesa ne darzAyA ki ghaTanAoM ko ghaTita karAne meM sahayogI isa arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002 43

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samaya kA rUpa sapanoM meM bahuta bhinna hai| thor3e se samaya meM ghaMTe, dina aura varSa bIta sakate haiN| bahuta lambA samajhe jAnA vAlA sapanA jo smRti meM AtA hai vaha aneka ghaTanAoM vAlA anubhUta kAla vAstava meM kucha sekaMDoM kA hI hotA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki nIMda meM isa kAla ke bItane kI gati kyA rahatI hai? anubhUti ke bAvajUda yaha antara kyoM? erisTaoNTala, josepha, pleTo, phrAyaDa, Adhunika vijJAna aura hyUma ke anusAra dina ke anubhavoM aura atRpta kAmanAoM ke kAraNa sapane Ate haiN| ye nA to satya hote haiM nA hI satya kAla kI anubhUti dete haiN| kaI bAra apane sAMketika saMpreSaNa prabhAva darzAte haiM kintu unakA svapnakAlIna samaya se saMbaMdha na hokara satya samaya se hI saMbaMdha rahatA hai| barlina ke pro. DITala kempara ne samaya kI punarAvRtti sUrya para AdhArita dainika kriyA darzAte hue samaya ke mazInI paimAnoM ke bAbata btlaayaa| dillI ke pro. je. pI. esa. oberAya ne samaya ko 'kAla' dhvaMsaka ke rUpa meM darzAyA jo saba kucha nigalatA, pacAtA rahA hai| iMDasTrI kI dRSTi meM isakA varNana unhoMne samaya kA kisa-kisa dizA meM upayoga saMbhava hai aura utpAdana para prabhAva, ise hI carcA kA viSaya rkhaa| jarmanI ke rUDolpha venDArpha ne samaya ke itihAsa pakSa ko prastuta kiyA ki kaba kaise - kaise samaya rahe? unhoMne samaya ko rekhA rUpa batAte hue 'TreDizanala samaya' ko batAyA ki paramparAoM kA bhAva kaisA hotA hai| kabhI vaha samaya kA khaMDa choTA lagatA hai aura kabhI lmbaa| gAvoM kA samaya lambA aura zaharoM kA samaya bhAgadaur3a kI vyastatAoM meM chottaa| kArya utpAdana para bhI samaya kA prabhAva par3atA hai| garIboM kA vahI kAla khaMDa du:kha meM lambA aura amIroM kA sukha meM choTA lagatA hai| ye Aja hI nahIM, saMskRtiyoM aura sabhyatAoM meM spaSTa dikhatA hai| jenA ne isa rahasya ko samajhate hue samaya ko bhinna-bhinna artha diye| goithe ne isIliye ghar3I ke banAye jAne ko sraahaa| mumbaI ke azoka rAnADe ne samaya kI saMgIta ke svaroM se tulanA kii| samaya sAta svaroM sA svayaM ko badalatA rahatA hai aura svara se hI tAla aura laya badalate hue bhI samaya ke prabhAva meM hI rahe haiN| prAta: meM gAI jAne vAlI rAgoM aura sAyaM meM gAI jAne vAlI rAgoM meM samaya bhinna hokara bhI prabhAva darzAtA hai| rAga samaya se badalakara usakI pahacAna banA baiThA hai| pUnA se jayaMta nArlIkara ne samaya ko ilekTro DAyanAmiksa aura kAsmolaoNjI se jor3akara batalAyA ki ye pUrA brahmANDa ilekTrAnsa se bharA par3A hai| ye acAnaka sAre badalAva isI kAraNa se hote haiN| ThaharAva aura gati, donoM kA rahasya batalAte hue unhoMne brahmANDa ke phailAva kA rahasya btlaayaa| usameM samaya kA kyA mahatva hai? yadi brahmANDa phailane kI jagaha sikur3ane lage taba kyA samaya kI dizA lauTAI jA sakatI hai? (*rivarsa gIyara meM) samaya to nirantara Age bar3hane kI ghaTanA lagatA hai| jisa prakAra jIvANuoM meM vRddha kozikA baMTakara bebI bana jAtI hai aura samaya unameM lauTa AtA hai para kyA vAstava meM samaya lauTA hai? nhiiN| kyoMki hara bAta alaga hai, bhale anubhava puna: vApasa lautte| phrAMsa embesI ke zrI gilbarTa Dalageliyana ne batalAyA ki samaya kI abhivyakti kArya ke niSpAdana se jAnI jAtI hai| kucha ko hama kahate haiM 'ho gayA', kucha 'hogA' aura kucha 'hai'| yaha saba tulanAtmaka hokara bhI mAtra vartamAna kI anubhUti meM hI hai anyathA nhiiN| samaya horolDa vAinarikha kI bhASA meM bhrama jAla sA raha gayA hai| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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citra. 2 sAicI izIjAvA kA dRSTikoNa, vartamAna ko nigalate hue kAla N vartamAna kaoNla bhaviSya samaya ko phoTogrAphI barlina se helmA senDarsa grAmsa ne batalAyA ki sinemA ne dvArA na kevala bAMdhakara giraphta meM liyA hai balki gati darzAyI hai| pahale to Thahare hue skeca Aye jinase kenvasa para kSaNa Thahare se lage bAda meM calacitra ne gati darzAyI phoTogrAphI ne yaha saba sahaja sabhaMva kara diyA Trika phoTogrAphI ne Thahare kSaNoM ke ghaTita bimboM ko krama meM pirokara ise bnaayaa| isa prakAra sinemA ne samaya ke kSaNoM ko na sirpha dikhalAyA balki dRSTi meM doharAne hetu bhI bAMdhA / kyoTo (jApAna) se sAicI izIjAvA ne bauddha siddhAntoM ke antargata samaya athavA kAla ko aisA manuSya darzAyA hai jo saba nigalatA jAtA hai| jise vaha nigala cukA vaha bhUta hai| sadaivahI vartamAna meM vaha nigala rahA hai| jo nahIM nigalA gayA hai vaha bhaviSya hai, jo dhIre-dhIre vartamAna bana rahA hai| yaha anAdi aura anaMta hai| (dekheM citra) jAganA isakI anubhUti tIna kAla khaMDoM meM baMTa jIyA huA samaya to svayaM manuSya kI nijI kRti hai dilAtA hai| vahI saccA jIyA huA samaya hai| svayaM kA astitva gayA hai| laMbe upayoga meM hI ise bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya meM bAMTanA saMbhava hai| ataH samaya nirantara calane vAlA laMbA yoga hai, kapar3e ke thAna kI taraha, jisameM se hama jIvana kI Dresa ke liye jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA kapar3A kATa lete haiM hama lamhe bhI kATa kara pA sakate haiM aura eka choTI sI ghaTanA bhI sakate haiN| yaha bhI eka kalA hai| kadAcita philma ko lauTAyeM to lauTa sakate haiN| laMbI philma meM se laMbI philma meM utAra pichale samaya meM bhI jApAna se Aye eka vaktA ne honI aura ghaTanA meM antara btlaayaa| 'honI' abhI bhaviSya meM honA hai jabaki 'ghaTanA' ghaTa cukI hai zabdoM se samaya kI doharI abhivyakti darzAyI jisameM vartamAna itanA sUkSma hai ki kaba vaha bhUta banakara phisala gayA samajha nahIM aataa| phira bhI anubhUtiyA~ pratipala vartamAna kI rahatI hai| yahI samaya kI jaTilatA hai| dillI ke pro. vInAdAsa ne 'smRti hI samaya ke astitva ko darzAtI hai' yaha btlaayaa| vaha bhAratIya mitha meM bahuta dUra taka pahu~ca sakatI hai| kabhI-kabhI to pichale janmoM taka jisa prakAra acAnaka vizvAsa na Ane se mitha kahalatA hai inhIM smRtiyoM meM kabhI puruSa pradhAnatA jhalakatI hai, kabhI nArI kI pradhAnatA aura phira samUcA bhUtakAla usI paramparA ke prabhAva meM AMka liyA jAtA hai| bharata ne jaba rAma aura dazaratha ke prati arhatu vacana, 14 (23). 2002 45

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bhakti darzAyI aura kaikeyI ko dhikkArA to puruSa pradhAna samAja sAmane aayaa| eka puruSa dvArA dUsare puruSa ko kanyAdAna bhI yahI darzAtA hai (pitA dvArA dAmAda ko ) jabaki kathAoM meM satiyoM kI carcA karake unakI pradhAnatA darzAyI gaI hai| yaha vaha 'zaktikAla' thA jaba nArI zakti kI pradhAnatA thii| taba 64 joganiyA~ aura kAlI ziva zakti ke rUpa meM sAmane AI / 'mokSa kA artha hai zAzvata astitva kintu nArada to tInoM kAloM meM jhalakatA hai bhUtakAla meM vartamAna meM aura bhaviSya meM bhI yaha 'samaya' ko smRtiyoM ke gheroM meM bAMdhane se hI saMbhava huA hai| isIliye mImAMsakoM ne kAla ko 'prazna' meM rakhA hai| dillI kI gItA thaDAnI ne batalAyA ki kAlI kA astitva bhI nArI kI smRti kA hI eka pakSa hai| jisa prakAra Rgveda kA 'indra' aura 'baila' samaya ke saMdhikAla meM kho gaye haiM, mAtra smRti meM unheM par3hakara doharAyA jAtA hai| reNukA nAmaka jhIla ziva kI smRti meM hI mAnI gaI hai| samaya ko isa prakAra smRti se bAMdhA jA sakatA hai| pAMDicerI ke DaoN. vI. sI. thAmasa ne batalAyA ki jIyA huA samaya (bItA kAla ) manuSya kI kRti hai, ise dhyAna se anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai 'honA' hI kAla meM darzAtA hai vahI svayaM kI anubhUti karAtA hai| yaha 'honA' bhI 'mAtra kAla sImita' hai| manuSya kA jIvana sImita hai| yadi mRtyu na hotI to jIne kI samasyA bana jaatii| yaha 'honA' bhI kAla sImita hai| taba kAla ko hama Ayu bhI kaha sakate haiN| ye Ayu pUrA jIvana hai| samaya sImita baMdhana hai jisa para manuSya kA koI prabhAva nahIM hai| manuSya ke jIvana ke bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kAlAMza haiM, mokSa se manuSya ko zAzvata jIvana kA hI bodha hotA hai| zAMti niketana kI rItA guptA ne bauddhoM kI dRSTi meM 'samaya' aura 'kAla' ke kSaNavAda kA siddhAnta drshaayaa| vaha yaha ki samaya eka choTA (sUkSma) sA kSaNa mAtra hai jise vartamAna kahate haiM, jisameM hamArA 'honA' hai| prati pala vaha 'hotA' (paryAya) badala dI jAtI hai| isa brahmANDa meM kucha bhI amara nahIM hai| eka bIja leM to prathama kSaNa se vaha bIja dUsare kSaNa meM kucha badalA sA lgaa| ThIka usI prakAra jisa prakAra eka marI huI cir3iyA ko dUsare kSaNa meM puna: nahIM mArA jA sakatA hai| samaya eka kSaNa hai, jo abhI-abhI sukha kI anubhUti de rahA thA, vahI dUsare kSaNa duHkha de sakatA hai vijJAna ke AdhArabhUta bhautikI, jaivikI, rAsAyanika, philaoNsaoNphikala sinemA, Teknikala, sAikolaoNjikala, inDasTriyala sabhI kA viSaya yahI hai kSaNa ke binA kucha bhI nahIM aura kSaNa ke bAda bhI kucha bhI nahIM maiM vartamAna meM haiM, para maiM jo pichale kSaNa thA so aba nahIM huuN| AtmA hai, kintu aba vaha pratipala badala rahI hai| karma bhI hai, punarjanma bhI hai, kintu yahA~ kSaNa bItate hI saba zUnya ho jAtA hai| vahI mukti hai| durrA moTha samaya ke prabhAva se bhI nahIM ugatI vahA~ kSaNa zUnya hai| dillI se navajyotisiMha ne samaya ke adhyAtma aura tarka donoM hI pakSoM para prakAza DAlA, jisameM avyakta aura vyakta kahakara samaya ko hama jAna sakate haiN| 770 B.C. 500 B.C. ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA, ve the tarka aura adhyAtma tarka ke siddhAnta se samaya ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| adhyAtma se samaya zabda hai, purAnApana ( parivartana) tarka hai tathA 'honA' adhyAtma donoM hI samaya darzAte haiM, yaha saMdhi kramabaddha jAtA hai samaya bhI vaisA hI kramabaddha kramabaddha hI haiM jisase 'samaya' jAnA jAtA hai| stara jaisA hai| bhASA athavA svara jaisA jAtA hai eka dizA meM parivartana bhI 46 karmaphala bhI hai zUnya siddha hai, - arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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nAgapura ke DaoN. ena. Ara. varadapAMDe ne samaya ko kSetra aura gati se sambandhita batalAyA ki samaya anAdi anaMta hai| ise binA bhUta aura bhaviSya ke samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| ghaTanAoM ko dekhakara kabhI - kabhI lagatA hai ki jo kucha ghaTA hai vahI puna: lauTakara AyA ho, yathA sUryodaya, cndrklaayeN| kintu yadi ghaTanAyeM na hoM to samaya nahIM ghaTA mAnanA hogaa| vAstava meM ye ghaTanAyeM nahIM haiM jo bIta cukI haiM balki lagabhaga vaisI hI puna: ghaTI haiN| eka ghar3I ke kAMToM kI taraha jo eka hI dizA meM lagAtAra cakkara lagAte haiM athavA jaivika ghar3iyoM kI taraha nitya subaha murge bAMga yA cir3iyoM kI chk| ise dRSTigata rakhate hue samaya kI zurUAta ko pakar3A nahIM jA sktaa| usa 'samaya' ko kapar3e ke thAna jaisA batalAte hue kisI eka bindu se badalAva dekhate hue samaya jAnA jA sakatA hai|kssnn aura kAla alaga haiM kyoMki kSaNa kAla kA vaha aMza hai jise ghaTanA se jAnA jA sakatA hai| kAla ko samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| dArzanika kAMTa ne ise kisI x ghaTanA bindu se Age aura pIche (pUrva) jAnane kA tarIkA batalAte hue isa samaya ko siddha kiyA hai| kabhI aisI hI ghaTanAyeM ghaTatI haiM jinameM samaya ke bItane kA patA hI nahIM calatA kintu samaya to calatA hI hai| dArzanika jInoM ke anusAra kAla ke khaMDa bhI saMbhava haiN| eka chor3A huA tIra lakSya para pahu~cane se pahale cauthAI, AdhI, tIna - cauthAI dUriyA~ alaga - alaga kAla khaMDa meM pAra karake samaya ko aMzoM meM taya karatA huA jAtA hai| arthAt jisa prakAra hama pradeza ko dUrI ke AdhAra para nApa sakate haiM usI prakAra kAlakhaMDa se dUrI ko bhI jAna sakate haiN| kachue aura kharagoza kI daur3a kA udAharaNa dete hue usane samajhAyA hai ki kSetra kI taraha kAla bhI vibhAjIya hai| dUriyoM kA kAla nApA jA sakatA hai kintu yadi dUriyA~ paraspara virodhI dizA meM taya kI jAyeM to anajAna vyakti ko 'samaya gaNanA' hetu bhrama ho sakatA hai, bhale kAla bhinnatA rakhatA ho| arthAt kAlagaNanA ke liye dUrI hI AdhAra nahIM hai| jIno ke saMzaya ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM tIra kabhI lakSya para nahIM pahu~cegA aura samaya nakArA jaayegaa| pAMDe ke anusAra do virodhI bAteM zrotAoM ke sAmane AI haiM - (1) ki saMsAra kabhI na kabhI avazya kisI kAla meM prArambha huA hai tathA (2) saMsAra kI koI zurUAta nahIM hai kAla meM kyoMki zUnya meM koI bhUta nahIM hai| kAMTa bhI mAnate the ki kSaNa kA koI astitva nahIM hai phira bhI kAla to rahA hai| jIno kI bhI pahelI yahI thI ki dharatI aura saMsAra banane se pUrva Izvara thA, tabhI to usane vizva bnaayaa| karnATaka ke DaoN. lakSmI thAthAcAra ke anusAra vaidika mAnyatA meM kAla hI sabako pakAtA hai| viziSTa advaita vedAMta meM kAla aura prakRti kA janma kaise? rajo tamo satva ke asaMtulana se prakRti bnii| jaba koI bhI eka bar3hA tabhI prakRti mahAna huI aura ahaMkAra bddh'aa| vaha 3 prakAra kA rahA - vaikArika, rAjasa aura bhUtAdi ahaMkAra my| isa prakAra maitrI upaniSda meM isa dharatI aura manuSya ke nirmANa kA silasilA rajo. tamo, satva guNa se huaa| guNoM kA asaMtulana jaba sustI ko bar3hA gayA to prakRti banI, mahAna hokara ahaMkAra bar3hA aura vaikArika, rAjasa tathA bhUtAdi tAmasa prakAra kA sAmane aayaa| prathama do ne milakara yaha tana banAyA aura bAda do ne milakara zabda, AkAza, vAyu, agni, jala aura pRthvI tathA sAtha-sAtha unakI rasa avasthiti bnaaii| prakRti se hI kAla rhaa| prakRti se uparokta tIna nikAla deM to mAtra kAla rhegaa| yaha sAmAnya kAla hai anyathA dUsarA brahmAkAla hotaa| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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hai| brahmA ne ise khaMDa tathA akhaMDa donoM banAyA hai| hai, akhaMDa kAla sadaiva cala rahA hai| kAla kI sabase bar3I prastuti brahmA kA varSa / 15 nimeSa 30 kASTA 30 nimeSa gayA hai| brahmAkAla Izvara kA eka khela mAnA gayA hai| prakRti meM pratyeka vastu kA 'cakra' khaMDa meM kAla ko darzAyA jA sakatA choTI prastuti (Unit) nimeza hai aura 15 muhUrta 15 ahorAtra 2 pakSa 2 mAsa 3 Rtu 6 Rtu 360 varSa 12000 deva varSa 4000 deva varSa 3000 deva varSa 48 = = = = = = = = = = = = aura cUMki kAla * 1 kASTA 1 kAla 1 muhUrta 1 ahorAtra 1 pakSa 1 mAsa 1 Rtu 1 ayana 2 ayana = 1 varSa 1 deva varSa 1 caturyuga 2000 deva varSa = 1000 deva varSa = zeSa 2000 deva varSa = -- AtmA isameM anAdi anaMta hai| vahI usI anaMta akhaMDa meM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| aura AtmA kA prastutikaraNa bhI eka jainetara meM kAla ke bAre meM yaha prastuti thI anyathA to pakSoM ko doharA rahe the| 14 caturyuga 14 manvantara jainadharma meM kAla kA svarUpa saMsAra ke avibhAjya pradeza kAlANu haiM aura do pradezoM ke hai| (400, 400, 300, 300, 200, 200, 100, 100) B 1 manvaMtara = = 365 dina + 365 = 100 varSa brahmA ke brahmA kI Ayu = 1 kRta yuga 10 17 varSa 1 tretA yuga 100000000000000000 brahmA varSa kA nA koI aMta hai nA praarmbh| isIliye kAla zAzvata mAnA brahmA kabhI apanI lIlA vibhUti rakhatA hai kabhI nitya vibhUti kAla rahatA hai kintu zAzvata jagata meM usakI zakti zeSa ho jAtI hai| zAzvata jagata meM siddha rahate haiM zuddhAtma rUpa meN| isIliye kAla kA brahmA ke zarIra para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| unakA zarIra parabrahma kahalAtA hai ata: kAla kA zAsana una para nahIM cltaa| 1 dvApara yuga 1 kali yuga saMdhi = kAla kI sadaiva anubhUti milatI hai aura kAla satyatA hai| ise mahAkAla bhI kahate haiM, bhakSako athavA mRtyu rUpa tAMtrika aura yogA donoM meM brahmA kI kalpanA piMDasvarUpa kI jAtI hai| ataH jo kucha bhI brahmANDa meM ghaTatA hai vaha brahmA ke piMDa meM bhI ghaTatA hai| isa jagata ke cAra bhAga batalAye gaye haiM = 1000 caturyaga 1 dina brahmA kA 1 rAtri brahmA kI rAtri 1 varSa brahmA kA 1/4 bhAga hamArI duniyA, ye WORLD hai| 1/4 bhAga brahmA mahAna 1/4 bhAga muktAtmA jo kabhI vApisa nahIM lauTatI aura 1/4 bhAga nityAtmA jo bAra - bAra vApisa lauTatI haiM yathA nArada / brahmA hai, vahI zAzvata hai| samasta muktAtmAyeM merI samajha meM itanA hI AyA ki yaha kAla vizeSatA hai| zeSa vaktAoM se haTakara vAstava zeSa sabhI vaktA vyavahAra kAla ke bhinna bhinna chaha dravyoM meM se eka hai| jisakA sUkSmatama bIca kI dUrI taya karane kA samaya 'samaya' arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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3773 185 31539 38 - lava = 1 nAlI (ghar3I) = 24 minaTa vyavahAra kAla ke pramANa jainAcAryoM dvArA (jinendra siddhAnta koSa, bhAga -2, pR. 216-217) diye gaye haiN| tiloyapaNNatti, anuyogadvAra sUtra, jambuddhIvapaNNatti bhI dRSTavya haiN| prathama prakAra kA kAla pramANa nirdeza asaMkhyAta samaya : 1 AvalI 2880.. 84 niyuta = 1 kumudAMga 3-4 saMkhyAta AvalI = 1 ucchavAsa - sekaMDa 84 lAkha kumudAMga : 1 kumuda 7 ucchavAsa = 1 stoka = 5 sekaMDa 84 kumuda = 1 padmAMga 84 padmAMga = 1 nalinAMga 7 stoka = 1 lava : 37 -sekaMDa 84 lAkha nalinAMga = 1 nalina 777 84 nalina = 1 kamalAMga 84 lAkha kamalAMga = 1 kamala 2nAlI(ghar3I) = 48 minaTa-1mUhurta 84 kamala = 1 truTitAMga 30 muhUrta = 24 ghaMTe = 1 aho rAtri + 1 aho divasa) 84 lAkha truTitAMga = 1 truTita 15 ahorAtri + 15 ahodivasa = 1 pakSa 84 lAkha truTita = 1 aTTAMga 2 pakSa = 1 mAsa 84 lAkha aTTAMga = 1 aTTa 84 aTTa = 1 amamAMga 2 mAsa: 1 Rtu 84 lAkha amamAMga : 1 amama 3Rtu = 1 ayana 2 ayana = 1 saMvatsara = 1 varSa 84 amama : 1 hAhAMga 5 varSa = 1 yuga 84 lAkha hAhAMga : 1 hAhA 10 varSa = 1 varSa dazaka 84 hAhA: 1 haha aMga 100 varSa = 10 varSa dazaka : 1 varSa zataka 84 hU hU aMga = 1 hU hU 1000 varSa = 1 varSa sahasra 84 hUhU : 1 latAMga 84 lAkha latAMga = 1 latA 10000 varSa = 1 varSa daza sahasra 84 latA : 1 mahAlatAMga 100000 varSa = 1 varSa lakSa 84 lAkha mahAlatAMga = 1 mahAlatA 84 lAkha varSa = 1 pUrvAMga 84 mahAlatA = 1 zrIkalpa 84 lAkha pUrvAMga: 1 pUrva 84 lAkha zrIkalpa = 1 hasta prahelita 84 pUrva = 1 parva 84 lAkha hasta prahelita = 1 acalAtma 84 parva = 1 niyutAMga 84 lAkha niyutAMga = 1 niyuta dUsare prakAra kA kAla pramANa nirdeza asaMkhyAta samaya = 1 nimeSa 15 nimeSa = 1 kASThA : 2 sekaMDa 30 kASThA : 1 kalA 2- kalA = 24 minaTa 15 kalA (mahAbhArata) = 1 jhaTikA = 1 ghar3I 2 ghar3I = 1 muhUrta muhUrta ke Age ke pramANa pUrvavat haiN| yaha Age bar3hAte hae vyavahAra palya se asarpiNI kAla taka pahu~cate haiN| isa prakAra jainAcAryoM ne anAdi anaMta kAla kI rekhA para kAla khaMDoM ko pramANita karake saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta kAlagaNanA meM pahu~cate haiN| yaha unakI mAtra kalpanA nahIM hai| vijJAna Transverse arhat vacana, 14(2 - 3). 2002 49

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aura Longitudinal Time Study karatA hai| kintu Longitudinal adhyayana apane jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA dekhate hue yA to paramparA se guru se ziSya ke avalokana meM AtI jAtI hai, jaisA ki bhArata meM huA hai athavA kevalI bhagavAna ke kevalajJAna meM trikAla, triloka jhalakatA hai| usa para jainAcArya aura zrAvaka AsthA rakhakara hI jIvana yApana karate haiN| isa pramANa gaNanA meM nA to kAla 'yama' hai, nA mRtyu, nA deva hai nA shkti| yaha mAtra isa saMsAra ke chaha avinAzI zAzvata dravyoM meM se vartanazIla eka svataMtra dravya hai| jo hai yaha parivartana se siddha hotA hai| sandarbha 1. jainendra siddhAnta koSa, bhAga-2, jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapIDa, 1995, pR. 216-217. List of Speakers & Their Papers - 1. J.J. Bhabha, Time in the Mind. 2. A.W. Kanzaki, Introduction. 3. M.K. Chandrashekharana, Bilological Chronometry. 4. S. Miller, Rhythmic and Chaotic Time, Pattems from Physics to Biology. 5. Rudolf Fridrich, Synegetics and the Problem of Time. 6. T. Padmanabhan, Time & Mach's Principle. 7. Klaus Maurice, Time Indications - Attribute of Power. 8. Hamson Owen, Creating Time. 9. Francis Menezes, Time in Dreams. 10. Dilimar Kamper, Paradoxical Repetition - Time & Technology. 11. J.P.S. Oberoi, Time, the Destroyer. The Problem of Tech. Obsolescenes. 12. Rudolf Wendorff, Conflict and Co-existence of different types of Time. 13. Ashok Ranade, Time and Tala, Musicology and Aesthetics. 14. JayantNarlikar, Time Assymetry in Electrodynamics and Cosmology. 15. Gilbert Dalgelian, Time Parameters and Harod Weinridis Text Linguistics. 16. Seichi Ishizawa, Men and Translation Text. 17. Helma Sandess Bralms, Time and Cinema. 18. Neena Das, Memory and Embodiment. Representations of the Past in Indian Myth 19. Gest Thadani, Kali from Oblivion to Excavated Memory. 20. V.C. Thomas, Lived Time, An Existentialist Exploration. 21. Rita Gupta, The Buddhist Doctrine of Momentaviness. 22. Nayjyotisingh, Temporarly and Logical Structure in Indian Therotical Heritage. 23. N.R. Varadpande, Time and the Concept of Infinity. 24. M.S. Laksmithathachar, Time from the point of view of Visistadvaita. 25. S.R. Jain, Time in Jainism. prApta : 21.07.2000 50 arhat vacana, 14(2 -3), 2002

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arhat vaca kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura af-14, 3ich 2-3, 2002, 51-68 bIsavIM zatAbdI meM jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kI pragati . DaoN. anupama jaina * bIsavIM zatAbdI sUcanA evaM saMcAra krAMti kI sadI rhii| kampyUTara ke AviSkAra ne sUcanAoM ke saMkalana, saMgrahaNa evaM prastuti ko sarala, sahaja evaM suvidhApUrNa banA diyA / iMTaraneTa ke mAdhyama se sUcanAoM ke sampreSaNa kI vidhA ko nayA AyAma milA hai| jJAna athAha bhaMDAra Aja inTaraneTa para upalabdha hai| isa zrRMkhalA meM vibhinna dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA apanI paramparA ke sAhitya ke aneka dRSTiyoM se mUlyAMkana ke prayAsa kiye gaye haiN| jaina sAhitya bhI bahuAyAmI hai| viSayAnusAra vibhAjana ke krama meM sampUrNa jaina sAhitya ko 4 vargoM meM pAramparika rIti se vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| ' 1. prathamAnuyoga : tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya mahApuruSoM ke jIvanavRtta, pUrva bhava evaM anya kathA sAhitya 2. karaNAnuyoga : 3. caraNAnuyoga : 4. dravyAnuyoga : AtmA, paramAtmA evaM anya AdhyAtmika sAhitya loka ke svarUpa, bhUgola, khagola, gaNita evaM karma siddhAnta viSayaka sAhitya zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM ke AcaraNa viSayaka sAhitya ukta vibhAjana ke antargata karaNAnuyoga evaM dravyAnuyoga ke granthoM meM gaNitajJoM kI rUci kI yatheSTa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jainAcAryoM ne janakalyANa kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa Adi lokaruci ke viSayoM para svataMtra granthoM kA bhI sRjana kiyA hai| 1908 meM David Eugen Smith dvArA 4th International Conference of Mathematicians, Rome (6-11 apraila 1908) meM The Ganita Sara Samgraha of Mahaviracarya 2 zIrSaka zodhAlekha prastuta kiye jAne evaM bAda meM pro. ema. raMgAcArya dvArA 1912 meM gaNita sAra saMgraha ko aMgrejI anuvAda evaM TippaNiyoM sahita prakAzita kiye jAne se vizva samudAya kA dhyAna bhAratIya gaNita kI isa zAkhA kI ora AkRSTa huA / yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA prAsaMgika hogA ki 1899 meM mahAna jainAcArya zrIdhara (799 I.) kRta pATIgaNitasAra (triMzatikA) ke mUla pATha kA sudhAkara dvivedI dvArA prakAzana kiyA gayA thA kintu usakA maMgalAcaraNa parivartita kara diye jAne ke kAraNa yaha kRti jaina kRti ke rUpa meM apanI pahacAna nahIM banA pAI thii| 1910 meM dvivedI dvArA prakAzita gaNita kA itihAsa meM bhI jaina gaNita ke sAtha nyAya nahIM ho skaa| bhAratIya gaNita ke samarpita adhyetA pro. vibhUtibhUSaNa datta, jinhoMne jIvana ke uttarArddha meM svAmI vidyAraNya ke rUpa meM puSkara meM saMnyasta jIvana vyatIta kiyA, ne hindU gaNita ke rUpa meM jaina gaNita kA vyavasthita adhyayana kiyaa| Apane hindU zabda ko atyanta vyApaka artha meM lete hue isameM jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika tInoM paramparAoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| datta dvArA 1928 1929 1930 1935 1936 meM likhita lekha paThanIya haiN| pro. avadhezanArAyaNa siMha ke sAtha milakara likhI gaI 2 khaNDoM meM prakAzita 'ApakI kRti History of Hindu Mathematics meM usa samaya taka prakAza meM A cukI jaina gaNita viSayaka mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI samAhita hai| * gaNita vibhAga, holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura - 452017 / nivAsa jJAnachAyA, DI- 14,

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zrIpati (1039 I.) kRta gaNita tilaka ko jainAcArya siMhatilaka sUri (13 vIM za.I.) kRta TIkA sahita sampAdita kara hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA ne 1937 meM gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja, bar3audA se prakAzita karAyA thaa| aMkagaNita ko samarpita yaha mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| 6 paM. baladeva mizra ne 1946 evaM 1951 meM 2 mahatvapUrNa Alekha kramazaH zrIdharAcArya evaM jaina jyAmiti para likhe| DaoN. rAjezvarI datta mizra ke 1949, 1951 evaM 1953 ke lekha paThanIya haiN| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne bhI 1945, 1948, 1955, 1967, 1968 meM mahatvapUrNa lekha likhe| 1974 meM prakAzita 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (4 bhAga )' jainAcAryoM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko jAnane kA vartamAna meM upalabdha zreSTha grantha hai| 1942 evaM 1949 meM pro. avadhezanArAyaNa siMha ne prasiddha digambara jaina TIkA 'dhavalA' ke gaNita para atyanta mahatvapUrNa Alekha likhe| 1948 meM pro. sabalasiMha ne AgarA vi.vi. meM AcArya zrIdhara evaM unake kRtitva para mahatvapUrNa zodha prabandha prastuta kiyaa| 1950 meM prakAzita unakA Alekha bhI paThanIya hai| 1958 meM pro. lakSmIcandra jaina ne AcArya yativRSabha praNIta karaNAnuyoga ke mahatvapUrNa grantha 'tiloyapaNNatti' ke gaNita para 108 pRSThIya atyanta sAragarbhita Alekha prastuta kiyaa| 1960 meM DaoN. uSA asthAnA dvArA lakhanaU vi.vi. meM acarya Sridhara and His Trisatika zIrSaka zodha prabandha prastuta kiyA gyaa| 1963 meM mahAvIrAcArya kRta gaNita sAra saMgraha kA hindI anuvAda pro. lakSmIcandra jaina ne taiyAra kara solApura se prakAzita karAyA / ' ina prArambhika prayAsoM se vizva gaNita itihAsa meM jaina gaNita adhikRta rUpa se pratiSThApita huaa| isake bAda pro. kRpAzaMkara zukla, pro. lakSmIcandra jaina, pro. Ara. sI. gupta, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ( ArA). DaoN. mukuTa bihArI lAla agravAla (AgarA), pro. TI. e. sarasvatI, pro. bI. esa. jaina (dillI), pro. ema. Ara. gelarA (jayapura), pro. esa. sI. agravAla (meraTha), DaoN. ena. ke. caudharI (nAgapura), DaoN. esa. Ara. zarmA (alIgar3ha), DaoN. paramezvara jhA (supaula), DaoN. anupama jaina, zrI dipaka jAdhava ( bar3avAnI) Adi vidvAnoM ne jaina gaNita ke kSetra meM maulika anusaMdhAna kAryoM ko gati dete hue zodhapUrNa AlekhoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA prastuta kI jinakA vistRta sarvekSaNa AgAmI pRSThoM para nihita hai| ina AlekhoM meM jaina gaNita viSayaka yatheSTa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jaina gaNita ke kSetra meM eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi pro. padmAvathammA dvArA san 2000 meM prastuta kiyA gayA mahAvIrAcArya kRta gaNita sAra saMgraha kA kannar3a anuvAda hai| * vartamAna meM nimnAMkita kendroM para jaina gaNita ke kSetra meM anusaMdhAna kArya ho rahA hai| 2. 1. brAhmI sundarI prasthAzrama (pro. ela. sI. jaina) kaMcana vihAra, jabalapura (ma.pra.) ucca zikSA saMsthAna (pro. esa. sI. agravAla) caudharI caraNasiMha vi.vi., meraTha 250004 3. 52 gaNita bhAratI ekeDamI (pro. Ara. sI. gupta ) Ara- 20, rasabahAra kAlonI, jhA~sI (u.pra.) 4. gaNita vibhAga (pro. padmAvathammA) maisUra vi.vi., maisUra (karnATaka) arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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5. gaNita vibhAga 6. kundakunda jJAnapITha holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya (DaoN. anupama jaina) e. bI. ror3a, devI ahilyA vi.vi. dvArA bhAratIya gaNita evaM indaura-452017 gaNita itihAsa ke kSetra meM mAnya zodha kendra, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura-452001 AgAmI paMktiyoM meM hama 20vIM zatAbdI meM kiye gaye jaina gaNita viSayaka pramukha zodhAlekhoM ko sUcIbadda kara rahe haiN| hindI evaM anya bhAratIya bhASAyeM agravAla, mukuTa bihArIlAla 1964 'mahAvIrAcArya kI jaina gaNita ko dena', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 24(1), pR. 42 - 47 1972 'gaNita evaM jyotiSa ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna', AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA meM prastuta Ph.D. zodha prabandha, pR. 377. 1979 'jaina sAhitya meM gaNitIya saMketana', zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha, bIkAnera. 1980 'jaina sAhitya meM saMkhyA saMkalanAdi sUcaka saMketa', siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandana grantha, rIvA, pR. 402-410 1982 'jaina gaNita meM zreNI vyavahAra', AcArya dharmasAgara abhivandana grantha, kalakattA, pra. 646-662. 1987 'prArambhika jaina granthoM meM bIjagaNita', AcArya dezabhUSaNa abhivandana grantha, AsthA evaM cintana khaNDa - jaina prAcya vidyAyeM, pR. 19-32. 2. agravAla, surezacandra 'jaina gaNita ke kSetra meM zodha ke naye kSitija', arhat vacana, indaura, 4(2-3), pR. 29-36 3. agravAla, pArasamala 1988 jaina dravyAnuyoga kA gaNita, Adhunika vijJAna evaM AdhyAtmika pragati', arhata vacana (indaura), 1(1), pR. 1-7. 4. bAlacandrarAva, esa. 1981 jaina gaNitajJa - mahAvIrAcArya (kannar3a) AI.bI.eca. prakAzana, dillI, pR. 43. 5. dIkSita, zaMkara bAlakRSNa 1958 bhAratIya jyotiSa', (mUla marAThI kRti kA hindI anuvAda), uttarapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI, lakhanaU. 6. dube, maheza 1991 'kavi evaM gaNitajJa - mahAvIrAcArya, arhat vacana (indaura), 3 (1), pR. 1-26 1992 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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1992 7. guptA, rAdhAcaraNa 1987 'jinabhadragaNi ke eka gaNitIya sUtra kA rahastha', AsthA evaM ciMtana, dillI, khaNDa jaina prAcya vidyAyeM, pR. 60-62 1988 'T kA jena mAna evaM videzoM meM usakA pracAra', arhat vacana (indaura), 1(1), pR. 15-18. 1988 "jambadIpa ke kSetroM evaM parvatoM ke kSetraphaloM kI gaNanA', tiloyapaNNattI, bhAga - 3, koTA, pR. 46-49. 'cIna evaM jApAna meM 7 ke jaina mAna /10 kI lokapriyatA', arhat vacana (indaura), 4(1), pR. 1-5. 1994 'mayUra kitane the?', arhat vacana (indaura), 6(1), janavarI, pR. 31-40. 2002 'jaina gaNita para AdhArita nArAyaNa paMDita ke kucha sUtra', arhat vacana (indaura), 14(1), pR. 61-70. 2002 'jaina gaNita ke prathama videzI pracAraka - DeviDa yUjIna smiya', arhat vacana (indaura), 14(2-3), pR. 99 - 100. jAdhava, dipaka 1996 'gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) meM saMcaya kA vikAsa evaM vistAra', arhat vacana (indaura), 8(4), pR. 45-52 1997 'nemicandrAcArya kRta saMcaya ke vikAsa kA yuktiyuktakaraNa' arhat vacana (indaura), 9(3), pR. 19 - 34 1998 'nemicandrAcArya kRta granthoM meM akSara saMkhyAoM ke anuprayoga' arhat vacana (indaura), 10(2), pR. 47-59 1999 'AcArya nemicandra aura unakI TIkAyeM, tulasIprajJA (lADanUM), 108, pR. 42 - 50 1999 'gommaTasAra kA nAmakaraNa', arhata vacana (indaura), 11(4), pR. 19-24 jAdhava, dipaka evaM jaina, anupama 1998 'gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM kAla evaM usakA mApana, arhat vacana (indaura), 10(3), pR. 47-54 10. jaina, anupama 1980 'gaNita ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna', ema.phila. projekTa riporTa, meraTha vi.vi., meraTha, pR. 256. 1981 'mahAvIrAcArya vyaktitva evaM kRtitva', jaina saMdeza - zodhAMka (mathurA), 47, pR. 258 - 260 1981 'SaTtriMzikA yA TviMzatikA', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 34 (2), pR. 31 - 40 1982 'katipaya ajJAta jaina gaNita graMtha', gaNita bhAratI (dillI), 4(1-2), pR. 61-71 1982 'jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kI AvazyakatA evaM upayogitA', seTha sunaharIlAla jaina abhinaMdana graMtha (AgarA), pR. 356 - 361 1986 'kannar3a jaina sAhitya evaM gaNita (saMzodhita)', DA. lAlabahAdura abhinandana graMtha (TIkamagar3ha), pR. 453-457 99 54 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1990 1990 1994 1994 1995 1995 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 1985, 86 'AcArya kundakunda 1(1), q. 47-52 ke sAhitya meM vidyamAna gaNitIya tatva', arhat vacana ( indaura ), 'mAdhavacandra evaM unakI SaTtriMzikA', arhat vacana (indaura), 1(1), pR. 65-74 'jaina gaNita kI maulikatAyeM evaM bhAvI zodha dizAeM, (vizeSa sampAdakIya), arhat vacana (indaura), 1 (1), pR. 113 - 121 'dArzanika gaNitajJa - AcArya yativRSabha', arhat vacana ( indaura), 1(2), pR. 17 - 24 'dArzanika gaNitajJa - AcArya vIrasena', arhat vacana ( indaura ), 1 ( 2 ), pR. 25-37 'tejasiMha evaM iSTAMka paMcavizaMtikA', arhat vacana ( indaura), 1 (2), pR. 68 'dArzanika gaNitajJa AcArya yativRSabha kI kucha gaNitIya nirUpaNAyeM, paMDita jagamohana lAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha, rIMvA, pR. 310-313 'vacana koza ke gaNitIya aMza', arhat vacana ( indaura), 2 (2), pR. 71-74. 'gaNita ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna', Ph.D. zodha prabandha meraTha vi. vi., meraTha, pR. 450 'bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM vikasita gaNita', arhat vacana ( indaura), 6(2), q. 125-130 'jaina gaNita - eka pUrvekSaNa', jaina vijJAna vicAra saMgoSThI, AkhyA, gunA, pR. 43 44 'jaina sAhitya evaM gaNita' jyotirmaya jaina anuzIlana pariSada, jayapura kI smArikA, pR. 40-42 'kannar3a bhASI pramukha jaina gaNitajJa' Sixth World Jain Conference, New Delhi, 24-26, Dec. Souvenir (Aspects of Jaina Philosophy and Culture). 'prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha gaNitIya grantha, tulasI prajJA (jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lAr3a kA mukha patra ), 26 (106), pR. 35-43 DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI zruta sevA ( jaina gaNita ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) ', anekAnta darpaNa (bInA), 2 (2000), pR. 25-28 'jaina AgamoM meM gaNita', jaina bhAratI (gaMgAzahara), 48 (9), pR. 14-21 'vizva kSitija para jaina gaNita', harakhacanda nAhaTA smRti grantha (dillI), pR. 558-564 'jaina gaNita ' namostu AcArya sumatisAgara smRti grantha, indaura, pR. 197 - 203 'bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM gaNita', RSabha dezanA ( RSabhadeva jaina zodhapITha DaoN. rAmamanohara lohiyA avadha vi.vi., phaijAbAda kI zodha patrikA), 1 (1), pR. 74-85 - 11. jaina, anupama evaM agravAla, surezacandra 1985 - - 'mahAvIrAcArya - eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana', di. jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura meraTha, pR. 84 + 12. 'jaina gaNitIya sAhitya, tulasI prajJA (lADanUM), 11 (3), 3-16, 12 (2), pR. 36-46, punarmudrita (1988), arhat vacana, 1 ( 1 ), pR. 19-40. 1986, 87 jaina AgamoM meM nihita gaNitIya adhyayana ke viSaya, tulasI prajJA (lADanUM), 12 (4), pR. 57 65, 13 (1), 37-43, punarmudrita (1988), lAlA harajasarAya abhinandana arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 55

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grantha (vArANasI), bhAga - 1, pR. 75-88, 1988 'hemarAja evaM unakA gaNitasAra', zodhAdarza (lakhanaU), 6, pR. 17 - 18. 1988 'jaina gaNitajJa - mahAvIrAcArya, arhat vacana (indaura), 1(1), pR. 41-46. 1995 'nauMvI zatAbdI ke mahAna gaNitajJa - mahAvIrAcArya, vizva viveka (amerikA), 4(1), pR. 13-14 12. jaina, anupama aura jaina, jayacandra 1988 'kyA zrIdhara jaina the?' arhat vacana (indaura), 1(2) disambara, pR. 49 - 54 13. jaina, anupama aura jaina, zvetA 1998 'zaurasenI prAkRta graMthoM meM nihita gaNitIya sAmagI', arhat vacana (indaura), 10 (4), pR. 63-68 jaina, anupama aura siMghala, mamatA (agravAla) 1996 'AcArya zrIdhara - evaM unakA gaNitIya avadAna', bhAga- 1, arhat vacana (indaura), 8(1), pR. 17-24 1996 'AcArya zrIdhara - evaM unakA gaNitIya avadAna', bhAga- 2, arhat vacana (indaura), 14(2-3), pR. 15-30 15. jaina, bhAgacandra 'bhAgendu 1961 'gaNita', antargata bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina tIrthoM kA yogadAna, alIgaMja (eTA). 16. jaina, hIrAlAla 1941 'AThavIM zatAbdI se pUrvavartI gaNita zAstra saMbaMdhI saMskRta evaM prAkRta granthoM kI khojeM, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 8(2), pR. 105-111. 17. jaina, lakSmIcandra 1958 'tiloyapaNNattI kA gaNita', antargata jambUdvIpapaNNattI saMgaho, solApura, pR. 109 1961 'lokottara gaNita vijJAna ke zodha eya', bhikSu smRti grantha, kalakattA, pR. 222 - 231 1963 'gaNita sAra saMgraha', mUla lekhaka- mahAvIrAcArya, hindI anuvAda evaM TippaNa sahita sampAdita, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura 1973 'bhAratIya gaNita zAstra evaM jaina lokottara gaNita', anusaMdhAna patrikA - jaina vizva bhAratI, (lADanUM), apraila-jUna, pR. 33-41 1977 'jaina gaNita vijJAna kI zodha dizAyeM', mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA, gvAliyara, pa. 281-290 1978 'paMDita paramparA aura jaina gaNita vijJAna', tIrthakara (indaura), 6(3), pR. 73-78 1978 'samayasAra saptadazAMgI TIkA meM gaNitIya nyAya evaM darzana', zramaNa (vArANasI), 29(9), pR.6-11 1980 'azagamoM meM gaNitIya sAmagrI tathA usakA mUlyAMkana', tulasI prajJA, (lAMDanU), 6(9), pR. 35-69 1981 'gommaTasAra graMtha kI gaNitAtmaka praNAlI', antargata gommaTasAra karmakAMDa bhAga-2, 56 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pR. 1397-1436 1981 'vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM jaina siddhAnta', paM. bAbUlAla jaina jamAdAra abhinandana grantha, hastinApura, pR. 165 - 169 1982 'siddhAntacakravartI nemicandrAcArya kA gaNitIya upakama', bhagavAna bAhubalI pratiSThApanA sahasrAbdi mahotsava mahAbhiSeka smArikA, naI dillI, pR. 209-212. 1984 'tiloyapaNNattI evaM usakA gaNita', antargata tiloyapaNNattI, anuvAdaka - AryikA vizuddhamati, bhAga-1, pR. 49-68, bhAga-2, pR. 26 - 35, koTA. 1985 'AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI kI khagola vidyA evaM gaNita sambandhI mAnyatAe~, Proceedings of International Seminar on Jaina Mathematics and Cosmology, P. 101-116. 1986 'gaNitAnuyoga prastAvanA', antargata gaNitAnuyoga, saM. muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' evaM dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, ahamadAbAda, pR. 9-76. 1988 'kandakandAcArya kA samaya nirdhAraNa gaNitIya paramparA ke AdhAra para', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura, pR. 33 -40. 1988 'AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI kI khagolavidyA evaM jaina gaNita sambandhI mAnyatAe~ - Adhunika sandarbha meM, arhat vacana (indaura), 1(1), pR. 75 - 90. 1988 'girinagara kI candraguphA meM hInAkSarI evaM dhanAkSarI kA rahasya', arhat vacana (indaura), 1(2), pR. 11-16. 1988 'dazamalava praNAlI evaM AcArya kundakunda', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura, aMka 12(2), pR. 87 - 92. 1990 'brAhmI lipi kA AviSkAra evaM AcArya bhadrabAhu muni saMgha, arhat vacana (indaura), 2(2), pR. 17- 26. 1991 'mula naMdisaMgha AcArya zrI kundakunda kA samaya nirdhAraNa (gaNita paramparA se), arhat vacana (indaura), 3(3), pR. 33-41. 1992 'AcArya zrI kundakanda kAlIna dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara jaina gaNita evaM jyotiSa', I.J.H.S. (naI dillI), 11(4), pR. 173 - 180. 1994 'zrI vIrasenAcArya Adhunika (gaNitIya) nyAya ke sandarbha meM, jaina vidyA (jayapura), 14- 15, pR. 33 - 42. 1997 'tiloyapaNNattI ke caturthAdhikAra kA gaNita', bhAga-2, Introductory, pR. 26-35. 1997 'tiloyapaNNattI ke pAMcaveM aura sAtaveM mahAdhikAra kA gaNita', bhAga-3, Introductory, pR. 34-45. 18. jaina, lakSmIcandra aura jaina, anupama 1989 'kyA AcArya kundakunda dasAre pati ke AviSkAraka the?', arhat vacana (indaura), 1(3), mArca, pR. 7- 15. 19. jaina, lakSmIcandra aura jaina, cakrezakumAra 1982 'jainAcAryoM dvArA karma-siddhAnta ke gaNita kA vikAsa', sahalekhaka - cakrezakumAra jaina, AcArya dharmasAgara abhivandana grantha, kalakattA, pR. 663-672. 1990 'jambUdvIpa pariprekSya', arhat vacana (indaura), 2(2), pR. 55 - 62 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 57

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20. jaina, ela.sI. aura jaina, esa. 1995 "bhagavAna RSabhadeva evaM zramaNa paramparA ke mahatvapUrNa gaNitIya evaM aitihAsika pakSa', mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA, jayapura, 3, pR. 4-8 21. jaina lakSmIcandra evaM vedaprakAza 1976 'Adhunika gaNitIya zodha ke sandarbha meM jaina gaNita kA pUrvekSaNa', tulasI prajJA, (lADanUM), 1(6), pR. 67-68 22. jaina, ramezacandra 1986 'STravaNDAgama meM saMkhyA siddhAnta evaM ananta', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura pR. 36-39 1988 'syAdrAda ke saptabhaMga evaM Adhanika gaNita vijJAna', arhata vacana indaura, 1(1), pR.9-14 23. jhA, paramezvara 1986 'jainAcAryoM ke gaNitIya evaM jyotirjJAna viSayaka granthoM kA sarvekSaNa', tulasI prajJA (lADanUM), 12(3). pR. 30-46. 1992 'jaina jyotiSa gaNita - AryabhaTTa prathama', arhat vacana (indaura), 4(2-3), pR. 45-50. 24. kamala, kanhaiyAlAla (muni) 1970 'gaNitAnuyoga' (aMga - upAMgoM se saMkalita bhUgola, khagola, gaNita viSayaka sAmagrI), Agama anuyoga prakAzana samiti, sAMDerAva (rAja.) 25. mizra, rAjezvarIdatta 1949 vRtta kA gaNita', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 15(2), pR. 105-111. 1951 'jaina granthoM meM kSetramiti', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 17(1), pR. 17 - 23. 1953 'jaina gaNita kI katipaya maulika udbhAvanAyeM', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 19(1) 26. mizra, baladeva 1951 jaina granthoM meM kSetramiti', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 17(1), pR. 19 - 23. 27. mizrA, pI.ena. 1995 jaina sAhitya meM lokAnuyoga sAhitya', zodhAdarza, 27, pR. 240 - 243. 28. mohana, braja 1965 'gaNita kA itihAsa', u.pra. hindI grantha akAdamI, lakhanaU,. 29. sarasvatI satyaprakAza svAmI 1980 'AcArya mahAvIra kI rekhA gaNitIya upalabdhiyA~', siddhA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandana grantha, rIvA, pR. 417-425. 30. sArAbhAI, esa.sI. 1986 'mahAvIrAcArya kI ghanamUla jJAta karane kI vidhiyA~', jarnala oNpha insTITyUTa oNpha 58 arhat vacana, 14 (2 -3), 2002

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iMjIniyarsa (bhArata), 67 ( agasta), hindI khaNDa, pR. 14-18. 31. zarmA, yogendra 1996 'zrIdharAcArya', ema. phila. yojanA vivaraNa, caudharI caraNasiMha vi.vi., meraTha, pR. 160 170. 32. zAstrI nemicandra (jaina) 1945 1948 1955 1968 1967 1968 1974 1983 33. zAha, ambAlAla 1969 'jaina gaNita kI mahattA', nAthUrAma premI abhinandana grantha, indaura, pR. 713723. 'zrIdharAcArya', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 14 (1), pR. 31-42. tilodapaNNattI meM zreNI vyavahAra gaNita sambandhI dasa sUtroM kI utpatti, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA), 22 (2), pR. 42-50. 'jainAcAryoM dvArA prastuta gaNita kI maulika udadbhAvanAyeM, mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura, pR. 197216. 'AcAryakalpa ToDaramala kI gaNitIya upalabdhi' vIravANI ToDaramala vizeSAMka, jayapura, mArca, pR. 40-53. 'jainAcAryoM dvArA prastuta gaNita kI maulika udbhAvanAyeM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura, pR. 197216. 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA', bhAga 14, a. bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara (prathama saMskaraNa) 34. muni zrIcandra (muni) 1996 1987 'mahAna jyotirvida zrIdharAcArya, bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAMgamaya kA avadAna, a. bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara, pR. 345354. 35. zukla, candrazekhara prasAda 2001 38. varNI, jinendra 1974 'gaNita' antargata jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pA. vi. zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, pR. 160 166. 36. upAdhyAya, bI. ela. 'mAnava aura devatAoM kA kAlamAna eka aMkagaNitIya adhyayana, tulasI prajJA (lADa), 22 ( 4 ), pUrNAMka 97, pR. 15 20. (4), 1971 37. volodAraskI, alekjenDara 'zrI dharAcArya kRta pATIgaNita kA vivecanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana', rAnI durgAvatI vi.vi., jabalapura meM prastuta Ph.D. zodha prabandha 'prAcIna bhAratIya aNita, vijJAna bhAratI, dillI - 1 arhat vacana 14 (23), 2002 'mahAvIrAcArya kRta gaNitasAra saMgraha AsthA evaM ciMtana', AcArya dezabhUSaNa abhivandana grantha, dillI, jaina prAcya vidyAyeM, pR. 77-98. - " 'gaNita' antargata jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga-2 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pR. 213-233. 59

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2001 2002 2002 12. Jadhav, Dipak & Jain, Anupam 1997 1987 1988 13. Jadhav, Dipak & Padmavathamma 2002 2000 2002 14. Jain, Anupam 1984 15. Jain, B.S. 1977 1987 16. Jain, L.C. 1967 Nemicandra's Rule for Finding the Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder", Jain Journal (Calcutta), 36 (3), P. 74-78. 1973 Nemicandra's Rule for Volume of a Sphere', IJ.H.S (Calcutta), 37 (3). P. 237-254. 1973 The Laws of Logarithms in India', Historia Scientaiarum (Japan), 11 (3), P. 261-267. 'On Prastara and Number of Srutajaksara of Nemicandra'. Tulsi Prajna (Ladnun), 23(3), P. 103-109. The Mensuration of a Conch in Ancient India', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 14(1), P. 31-54 Mahaviracarya, The Man & Mathematician', Acta Ciencia Indica, Meerut, 10(4), P. 225-260. 'Survey of the Work Done on Jaina Mathematics', Tulsi Praja (Ladnun), 11(1-3), 1983, 15-27, Acarya Desabhushana Fecilitation Volume, Astha aur Chgintan, 1987, P. 105-112. 'A new Book of Al-Birani, Arhat Vacana (Indore), 1(2), P. 69-70. Jaina Antiquary (Arrah), 41(2),P. 23-25. Indian Contribution to Mathematics with Special Reference to Misplaced Credits of Jainacaryas', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 12(1), P. 67-74. 'Mathematics in Mahavira's Tradition', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 14(1), P. 17-29. 'On the Ganita-Sara-Samgraha of Mahavira, I.J.H.S. (Calcutta), 12(1), P. 17-32. 'Contributions of Ancient Jaina Mathematicians', Astha evam Cintana, Delhi, P. 33-48. On the Jaina School of Mathematics', Chhotelal Smriti Grantha, Calcutta, English Section, P. 266-292. 'Researches on Jaina Mathematics', Jnanapitha Patrika - Shodha Visheshanka, New Delhi, P. 33-41. 'Mathematical Foundation of Karma Quantum Syustem Theory-1. Anusandhan Patrika, J.V.B., Ladnun, P. 1-12. arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 63

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1973 1975 1975 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 Set Theory in Jaina School of Mathematics', I.J.H.S. (Calcutta), 8(1), P. 1-27. "Role of Mathematics in Jainology', Journal of Birla Institute of Arts and Music, Pracya Pratibha, Bhopal, 2(1), P. 50-52. Jaina School of Mathematics (A study in Chienese Influence & Transmission)', Published in Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture, Varanasi, P. 206-220. Zeros and Infinities of Ancient India', Tirthankara, Indore, Eng. Section 117-12), P. 93-97. 'On Analytical Treatment of Transfinite Numbers in Dhavala'. Chainsukha Dasa Nyaytirth Smriti Granth, Jaipur, PP. 173-188 'On Certain Mathematical Topics of Dhavala Texts, I.J.H.S., (Calcutta), 1(2), PP. 85-111 'Principle of Relativity in Jaina School of Mathematics, Tulsi Prajna (Landun), 5, PP. 20-28 The Jaina Theory of Ultimate Particles', Published in Jaina Philosophy & Culture in Light of Modern Context, Indore, PP. 43-55. 'Mathematical Foundation of Karma System Theory'. Published in Bhagwan Mahavira and His Relevence in modern times, Bikaner, PP. 132-150 Divergent Sequences Locating Transfinite sets in Trilokasara', I.J.H.S., (Calcutta), 12(1), PP. 59-75. 'On the Contributions, Transmissions and Influence of the Jaina School of Mathematical Science', Tuisi Prajna, Ladnun, 3(4), P. 121 - 134. 'Mathematical Contributions of Todarmal of Jaipur, Jaina Antiquary, Arrah, 30(1), P. 10-23. Crisis in Mathematics', Tirthankara, (Indore), Eng. Sec. 3(1), PP. 16-18 Perspective of System Theoratic Technique in Jaina School of Mathematics between 1400-1800 A.D.', Jaina Journal, (Calcutta), 13(2), PP. 49-66. 'System Theory in Jaina School of Mathematics', I.J.H.S., (Calcutta), 14(1), PP. 29-63 'Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources - Vol-1 & II basic Mathematics & Astronomy & Cosmology', Jaipur (Rajasthan Prakrat Bharti). Todramala of Jaipur', (A Jaina Philosopher Mathematician), I.J.H.S. (Calcutta), 22(4), PP. 359-371. 3762 06, 14(2), 2002 1977 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1983 1987

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1990 'Point Circle, Line and Triangle in Digambara Jaina Works', (In Hindi) Arhart Vachan, 11(4) PP. 9-12 1992 The Tao of Jaina Science', Arihant International Delhi. 2000 The Jaina School of Mathematical Philosophy', Tulsi Prajra (Ladnun), 109, P. 104-117. 17. Jain L.C. & Jain Anupam 1985 Philosopher Mathematicians (Yatirasabha, Virasena and Nemica ndra)', D.J.I.C.R., hastinapur (Meerut). 18. Jain L.C. & Jain C.K. 1981 "On Contribution of Jainology to Indian Karma Structure Theory'. Tulsi Prajna, (Ladnun), 1(5,6), PP. 1-10. 19. Jain L.C. & Jain Meena 1979 System Theory in Jaina School of Mathematics', I.J.H.S. (Calcutta), 14, PP. 31 - 65. 1983 'Elements of Operational Details in Labdhisara (Sketched by Todarmala)'. The Jaina Antiquary (Arrah), 36(1), PP. 21-32. 20. Jain, Mahendra 1999 'Asti and Syad in Jaina Thought', Jinamanjari (Canada), 19(1), April - 99, 13-18. 21. Jain, N.L. 1985 Time Units in Jainology - A Survey', Tulsi Prajna (Ladnun), 10(4), P. 22-30. 1995 'Branches and Subjects of Learning in Jaina Canon', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 7(1), P. 75- 84. 1996 Jaina Relativism (Anekantavada) and Theory of Relativity', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 8(4), P. 53-66. 22. Jain, Rashmi 2000 'Mahaviracarya & His Mathematical Works', M.Sc. Project Report, Holkar Science college, Indore PP. 115-120. 23. Jha, Parmeshwar 1978 A Critical Study on Brahmagupta and Mahavira and Their Contributions in the field of Mathematics', ME 12, Sec. B, 66-69. 1984 Contribution of Jains to Astronomy and Mathematics', ME. Vol. XVIII, No. 3. 1988 Contribution of Jainacaryas to Mathematics and Astronomy', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 1(1), PP. 163-172 346TL 121, 14 (2-3), 2002

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24. Jha, S.K. and Jha, Mritunjaya 1990 25. Kapadia, H.R. 1936 26. Lal, R.S. 1981 1983 1913 30. Roy. D.M. 1927 27. Mishra, R.D. 1949 'A study of the Value of l Known to Ancient Hindu and Jaina Mathematicions', Journal of the Bihar Mathematics Soc. 13 PP. 38-44 66 28. Mishra, V. & Singh S. L. 1999 1961 Jaina Hymans & Magic Square', I.H.Q. (Poona), 10, PP. 148-154. "Ganita Tilak with Commentary of Simha Tlak Surt, Edited & translated with detailed Introduction 1967 Contribution of Mahaviracarya in the Development of Theory of Series, M.E. (Shiwan), 94 (B). 1981. 29. Ramanujacarya, N. & Kaye, G.R. 1979 'Development of Theory of the Series in Jaina Mathematics', XVII (3), Sep. 1983, The Mathematics Education PP. 100-110. Positive Integral Kinds of Numbers According to Jaina Concept', The Jaina Antiquary, (Arrah), 15-1, PP. 32-40. 31. Saraswati, T.A. 1961 'Glimpse of Geometry of Certain Figures, Jinamanjari (Canada), 19(1), 27-38. The Trisatika of Sridharacarya, B.M. (Leipzing), 13, PP. 203-217. The Culture of Mathematics among the Jainas of Southern India in the 9th Century', A.B.O.R.I. (Poona), 8, PP 143-147. The Mathematics in First Four Mahadhikars of Triloka Prajnapti', Journal of Ganganatha Research Institute (Ranchi), 8, PP. 27-51. 'Sredikshetras or Digramatical Representation of Mathematical Series'. J.O.R.I., (Madras), 28(1), 4 PP. 74-85. 32. Sharma, S.R. 1999 'Mahavira's Treatment of Series". Journal of Ranchi University, (Ranchi), PP. 39-50. 'Geometry in Ancient and Medieval India', Motilal Banarasidas (Delhi). The Ganitasara of Thakkarpheru'. Jinamarjari (Canada), 19(1), P. 24-26. arhat vacana, 14 (2), 2002

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33. Shastri, S. Srikant 1947 'Date of Sridharacarya', The Jaina Antiquary, (Arrah), 12(2), PP. 12-17. 34. Shukla, K.S. On Stidhara's Rational Solution of Nx+ 1 = r, Garuta (Allahabad), 1- II, PP. 1-12 1959 'Introduction of Pafiganita', Published in Patiganita of Sridhara, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 35. Singh, A.N. 1942 'Mathematics of Dhavata', Published with Satakhandagama, Book - IV, Amraoti, P. 1-XXIV. 1949 'History of Mathematics in India from Jaina Sources', The Jaina Antiquary, (Arrah), 15(11), PP. 46-53, 16-11, PP. 55-69. 36. Singh, H.P. 1987 A Critical Study of Mathematical Contribution of Mahaviracarya'. Ph.D. Thesis, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga. 37. Singh, N.K. 1997 "Mahavira The Great Mathematician', Tulsi Prajna (Ladnun), 23(1), 38-40. 38. Singh, Nay Jyoti 1985 Jaina Theory of Measurement and Theory of Transfinite Number', Intemational Seminar on Jaina Mathematics and Cosmology PP. 209-238. 39. Singh, Parmananda. 1988 Acarya Jayadeva's Treatment of Permutation & Combination', Arhat Vacana (Indore), 1(2), PP. 43-48. 40. Singh, Sabal. Hindu Mathematics - Sridharacarya and His Works', Doctoral Thesis, Agra University. 1950 Time of Sridharacarya', ABORI (Poona), 31. 41. Sinha, S.R. 1981 Contribution of Mahaviracarya in the Development of the Theory of Series', M.E. 15, Sec. B. PP. 31-44 42. Smith, D.E. 1908 'Ganita-Sara-Samgraha of Mahaviracarya', B.M., (Leipzing), 3rd Series, PP. 106-110. 1948 36 44, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 67

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101 1912 'Introduction of G.S.S.', Published with English & Hindi editions of Ganita - Sara - Samgraha, Madras 1912, Sholapur 1963, Hombuj 2000. 1925 'History of Mathematics', 2 vols., Dower Publication, New York. 44. Tilwankar, Prashant 2000 Sridharacarya-the Man & the Mathematician', M.Sc. Project Report, Holkar Science College (Indore). 45. Vijairaghavana, T. 1941 Jaina Magic Square', Mathematics Student, 2, PP. 97-102. 46. Volodarsky, A.I. et.al. 1966. 'Russian Translation of Sridhara's Pafiganita'. sandarbha sthala 1. ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra, AcArya samantabhadra, 2/43-2/46. zvetAmbara paramparA meM nimnavat vibhAjana milatA hai - dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, caraNa-karaNAnuyoga, drvyaanuyog| The Ganita Sara Samgraha of Mahaviracarya, Bibliotheca Mathematica, 3rd Series, Vol.9 (Dec. 1908), PP. 106-110. 3. trizatikA, mUla lekhaka : zrIdharAcArya, saMpAdana - sudhAkara dvivedI, vArANasI, 1899. 4. gaNita kA itihAsa, sudhAkara dvivedI, vArANasI, 1910. 5. History of Hindu Mathematics, 2 Vols, Motilal Benarsidas, Lahore, 1935-1938, Combined Ed. - Asia Publishing House, Bombay-1962, Reprinted by Mittal Publication, Delhi, 2001. gaNita tilaka, mUla lekhaka : zrIpati, TIkAkAra - siMhatilaka sUri, saMpAdaka-hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja, bar3audA, 1937. gaNita sAra saMgraha, mahAvIrAcArya kRta mUla saMskRta pATha, pro. lakSmIcandra jaina kRta hindI anuvAda evaM TippaNa sahita, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1963. gaNita sAra saMgraha, mahAvIrAcArya kRta mUla saMskRta pATha, ema. raMgAcArya kRta aMgrejI anuvAda, pro. padmAvathammA kRta kannar3a anuvAda evaM TippaNa sahita, hombuja jaina maTha, hombuja, 2000. 2. 6. prApta : julAI 2002 68 arhat vacana, 14 (2), 2002

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Vol. 14, No. 2-3, 2002, 69 - 77 ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda Jnanapitha, Indore A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF JAIN KARMIC THEORY Ujwala N. Dongaonkar **, T.M. Karade *** & L.C. Jain **** Abstract In this paper Karma Theory of Jain School has been exhibited. The theory has fluent at its basis which is further classified into six parts such as bios, matter, space, time, dharma and adharma. There exists an interaction between bios and matter which bounds the bios and in this process the matter involved is called karmic matter and the paramanu is designated as karma paramanu. The details of participation of karma paramanu regarding its contribution and behaviour (subsidence, decay and annihilation) can be highlighted through matrix computation. The mathematical structure so involved of the instant effective bonds and variforms constitute a karmic space of karmas. The matrix so designed can be drawn where the arrangement of karma paramanus as IEB and decay of karma paramanus as nisekas can be shown. Introduction According to Descartes (1556 - 1650), all sciences which have their investigations concern in order and measure are related to mathematics, it being of small importance whether this measure be sought in numbers, forms, stars, sounds or any other object. Ancient India has contributed a lot to the development of mathematics and the part played by Jain Scholars in this feild is significant. The set - theoretic aproach to expose Karma theory is available in several Prakrta texts. But for a mathematical and symbolic treatement of karma representation and operations, the detailed commentaries of Gommatasara, Labdhisara and Ksapanasara from the only available exhaustive material. However, as far as we know, no substantial research on mathematical foundation of Karma theory has been done So far, although the work of Dutt (1992), Singh (1976), Sikdar (1990) and Jain (1995) had been just on the lines of the theory. This article present the extract of the contribution of Jain school as regards to the mathematical theory of Karma Paramanu. Our attempt is preliminary towards the formulation # Paper presented in First International Conference of New Millenium on History of Mathematics, New Delhi, 20-23 Dec. 2001. ** Garudkhamb Road, Itwari, Nagpur - 2 *** Einstein Foundation International, Nagpur University, Nagpur. **** Upstair - Doksha Jewellers, 564, Sarafa, Jabalpur.

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of an unified mathematical model to explain biophysical phenomena. Survey of Jain Mathematical Karmic Theory All knowledge can be divided into two main streams: the science of letters (Aksaravidya) and the science of numbers (Amikavidya). Previous one includes subjects like grammer, literature, logic etc. while the later one includes mathematics, astronomy, science, economics, commerce etc. But as we know and also has been confirmed by the great Jain Mathematics scholar Mahaviracarya (850 A.D.) that mathematics in general is employed as a tool in all disciplines of knowledge for deriving the coclusion and making it more workable in a precise manner. Looking to the importance of mathematics, Jain literature was divided into four main classes - 1. Prathamanuyoga (includes stories, descriptive books, biographies etc.). 2. Karnanuyoga (includes literature on astronomy, mathematics the science of measurement and calculation etc.). 3. Carmanuyoga (includes the rules followed by saints, sages and sravakas etc.). 4. Dravyanuyoga (includes the description of fluents like bios, matter etc.). The development is indicated in the following periods of predominance in the Jain school - (a) The period of canonical principle from about 600 B.C. the period of Vardhamana Mahavira to the 5th century A.D. (b) The period of establishment of polyendism (Anekantavada) and relativism (Syadavada) from the 3rd century A.D. to 8th century A.D. (c) The period of establishment of systematic measures (Pramana) from the 8th century A.D. to the 17th century A.D. (d) The new Nyaya period from the 18th century to up-to-date. The table on next page gives the concept of Karma theory in Jain school depicted in more than five lacs of verses. Demonstration of Karma Paramanu According to Jain school reality is that which is capable of eternal existence through succession of creation and cessation. Fluent is the ultimate reality and possesses properties (guna) and mutation (paryaya). The fluent can be classified into six parts such as bios, matter, time, dharma, adharma and space. The ultimate building block of matter is called paramanu. A living organism is based on bios and matter. The interacton between bios and matter is called bond. The bounded matter is called karmic matter and the paramanu is called karma paramanu.The bonds between bios and matter are of four types. 70 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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CONCEPT OF KARMA THEORY IN JAINA SCHOOL Period Contributor Work First Perid 1" century A.D. 2nd century A.D. Gunadharacarya Puspadanatacarya Bhutabaliacarya Kundakundacarya Kasayapahudam Satakhandagama including Mahabandha 2nd century A.D. (a) Parikarma commentary on first three parts of Satakhandagama in 12000 verses (b) Pancastikaya in 173 verses. Tattvarthasutra in Sanskrta. Umaswami Grddhapicchacanya Second Period 473 A.D. Yatirsabhacarya (a) Cumisutra on Kasayapahudam in 7009 verses in Prakrta. (b) Tiloyapannatti in 5677 Prakita verses. 6th century A.D. Vrtti on Kasayapahudam in 12000 verses. Uccararacarya Bappaguru Devacarya (a) Commentary of Kasayapahudam in Prakrta (30000 verses). (b) Commentary of Satkhandagama in Prakrta (38000 verses). Third Period 11th century A.D. Nemicandracarya Siddhantacakravarti (a) Gommatasara Jwakanda in Prakita (734 Verses). (b) Gommatasara Karmakanda in Prakta (972 verses). (0) Labdhisaru with Ksapanasara in Prakita (469 verses). (d) Trilokasara in Prakrta (1018 verses). Camundarai The Kannada vrtti on Gommatasara. 12th century A.D. The Prameyaratnamala (a) Commentary on Trilokasara. (b) Prameyaratnasara. Anantavinya Madhavacandra Trivai- dya Abhayacandracanya Siddhanti Laghu Samantabhadra 13th century A.D. The Mahabodha Prabodhini commentary of Gommatasara. The Kannada vrtti of Gommatasara. Fourth Period 1761 A.D. Todarmal Pandita Gommatasara Bhasa ilka. Jivakanda - Karmakanda 18th century A.D. Kesava Varni (a) The Kannada vrtti of Samyajnana Candrika (b) Labhdisara Bhasa tika. Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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1. Configuration Bond (Prakrti Bandha) The inherent nature of any fluent is called configuration. For example * the very nature of poisonious serpent is to produce poison in its fangs. The transformation of matter into a bounded matter in the form of functional variforms (karmic vargana) is called configuration bond. The configurations are of eight types which are further subdivided into 148 types. The Eight Configuration of Karma Configuration Function Example Knowledge screening (Jnanavarnaya) Obstructs the knowlege of bios The lantern whose glass is blackened does not permit light to pass through it. Interferes the perception Perception screening (Darsanavarniya) Gatemen obstructs to meet the officer. bios Patheogenation (Vedaniya) Determines the experie- nce of pleasure and pain Honey is sweet but it is coated on knife then one cannot enjoy it due to fear of cut of tongue. Captivation (Mohaniya) The man heavily drunk forgets his status. Produces delusion i.e. due to action of this karma, bios forgets itself who it is and what are its properties 5 Age (Ayu) Determines the duration of association of bios with gross body matter A prisoner cannot get out of the jail before the expiry of the period of his punishment. 6 Genetic Code (Nama) Organizes different parts of the body of the bios The painter draws different types of pictures. Inheritance (Gotra) Determines family, su- rroundings, position of the bios for that particular mutation The potter makes the different types of pots. Incapacitation (Antaraya) Creates an obstacle in the working of bios A going car stops due to getting its fuel tank dried. 72 Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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The set of (bounded) karma paramanus at an instant in configuration bond is called instant effective bond (IEB) (samayaprabaddha) and its minimum and maximum values are as under : Maximum Value = Number of emancipated bios x a Number of bounded bios Minimum Value = where 'a' is some large number. As the elements in the set of emancipated bios are changing with time, we say that the set of IEB is variable. 2. Point bond (Pradesa Bandha) In the set of binding of karmic matter with bios the point bond decides how many points of space be occupied by this karmic matter. 3. Recoil Energy bond (Anubhaga Bandha) It deals with the energy imparted to the karmic matter. The enrgy possessed by karmic matter is responsible for giving results (phala). 4. Life Time bond (Stithi Bandha) The life time bond is the time period for which the matter is bounded with bios. In addition, we need some more information about karma paramanus which now we mention as under. Rise When the karma paramunus are in bounded state, they posses activation energy, but they cannot utilize that energy in this state. But when the life time bond is finished, the bounded karma paramanus becomes free to utilize their energy. We can understand this by taking simple example of any configuration e.g. knowledge screening karma paramanus will obstruct the knowledge of bios. This process is called rise of karma paramanus. Time Lag Period When the karma paramanus are in bonded state, their inherent energy require some specific time depending upon the configuration and the period is termed as time lag period after which the desired effect of energies are seen. Niseka Niseka is the group of karma paramanus which rise in one instant. It forms a particular system as if they are cells in the body which are created, Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 73

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existed for some time and decayed in course of time. Each niseka contains eight types of karma paramanus. Graphic Representation of Niseka The position of any niseka can be represented graphically. Let time be taken on X-axis and number of nisekas as mass number equipped with recoil energy on Y-axis, the Z-axis be taken as configuration axis. The 3-dimensional space so formed is considered as karmic space or karmas. The position of niseka is represented by N, where i represents instants (time unit), j the mass number and k the configuration (prakrti). Z We observe that since there is decay of nisekas, the mass number on Y-axis decreases with time as a step function. 0 Matrix Representation The karma paramanus which posses least amount of energy is called indivisible corresponding section (Avibhagt praticcheda) for short ICS. The class of karma paramanus possessing same number of ICS is called variform (vargana). A minimum variform is one which has least number of ICS. The set having one more ICS then minimum variform is called second variform. In this way the sequence of the variforms is increasing, the number of ICS increases in arithmatic progression with common difference one. The group of such variforms is known as minimum supervariforms (spardhaka). The number of ICS in the next variforms increases by two and the group will form the second supervariform with common difference two. Similarly for third supervariform the common difference will be four. In general for the n supoervariform common difference will be 21. The set of supervariforms is a geometric regression and the geometric regression length is the number of supervariforms. 74 The karma matrix whose elements are karma paramanus, has w rows and s columns, where w stands for number of instants and s for the number of supervariforms. The matrix of the first geometric regression assumes the form: Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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v[2w(s - 1) - Ild V - (2w-1)d V - (w-1)d vod V. (w(s - 1) + 1]d V - w(S-1)d V. (w+ 1)d v- wd If we denote the elements in the ith row and j th column by the symbol aj, then aws = V, the numer of karma paramanus decayed in the 1 st instant. aw-1 = V-d, the number of karma paramanus decayed in the 2nd instant. 211 = v(2w (s - 1) - 1]d, the number of karma paramanus decayed in the last instant. The decay of karma paramanus is indicated in the following representation. Last instant On 1st instant The matrix of the second geometric regression is - v/2/2wls - 1) - Ild/2 ... v/2 - (2 -1)d/ 2 v /2 - (w-1)d/2 v/2-d/2 v/2 v/2 - w's-1)d/2 v/2 - wd/2 Similarly we can constitute different matrices of different geometric regressions. In general for nth geometric regression the matrix can be wriiten as - Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 75

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v/2"-1-(2w(s-1)-1)d/2"-1 v/2"-1-w(s-1)d/2"-1 v/2" 1 We give an example from Todarmal Artha Samdrsti page 231 (c), where v = 6300, w = 8 and s = 1. No. of Geometric Regression 7654321 No. of Instant 8 We consider the n geometric regression matrix i.e., n = 6. The matrix is expressed as 76 Total Explanation 6th 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 100 v/2"-1-(w-1)d/2"-1 5th 18 144 20 160 22 176 24 192 26 208 28 224 30 240 32 256 200 1600 The sum of all the entries of the matrix comes out to be 6300. V 2"-1 4th 6300 26-1 98838508 36 # Total karma paramanus of the last column 6300 63 44 52 56 60 64 400 3rd 5 geometric regression : 200. 4th geometric regression : 400. 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 800 2nd = 100. 1st Therefore the number of karma paramanus in last i.e., 6 geometric regression will be 100. 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 512 3200 Double this value and repeat the process to achieve the number of karma paramanus in 5, 4 and other geometric regressions. Hence the total karma paramanus in Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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* 3rd geometric regression : 800. 2nd geometric regression 1st geometric regression : 1600. : 3200. To find a common difference, we apply the formula - 2 (Total quantity in geometric regression) common difference = (3x geometric regression length+ 1). geometric regression length For the 1" geometric regression, we have 2 (3200) (3x8+1) 8 The number of karma paramanu decayed in the 1st instant in this geometric regression is given by the formula: d = Number of karma paramanus common difference x2xgeometric regression length Therefore the number of karma paramanus decayed in the 1st instant = 32 x 2 x 8 = 512 = 32 which is the element in the 8th row and the 6th column. The other numbers are computed by substracting common difference 32 from 512 step by step, i.e. 512-32 = 480 480-32 448. Similarly, for second geometric regression, we have 2 (1600) d = (3 x 8+1) 8 ..d = 16. And the number of karma paramanus decayed in the 1st instant in this geometric regression is given by 16x2x8 = 256, which is the element of the matrix in the 8th row and the 5th column. The other members are calculated by substracting the common difference 16 from 256 and so on i.e. 256-16 240, 240-16 224, ........ Similarly the remaining elements of the matrix are calculated. = 16 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002 References 1. Gandhi N.V., Gommatasara Karmakanda of Nemicandra Siddhanta Cakravarti, N.V. Gandhi Publisher, 1939. 2. Vami Jinendra, Jainendra Siddhanta Kosa, Bhartiya Janapitha Prakashan, New Delhi, 1944. 3. Jain, L.C., Tao of Jain Sciences, Arihanta International, New Delhi, 1992. .......................... 77

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AcArya kundakunda dvisahasrAbdi mahotsava varSa ke sandarbha meM 1987 meM sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha ne eka mahatvapUrNa prakalpa ke rUpa meM bhAratIya vidyAoM, vizeSata: jaina vidyAoM, ke adhyetAoM kI suvidhA hetu deza ke madhya meM avasthita indaura nagara meM eka sarvAMgapUrNa sandarbha granthAlaya kI sthApanA kA nizcaya kiyA / hamArI yojanA hai ki Adhunika rIti se dAzamika paddhati se vargIkRta kiye gaye isa pustakAlaya meM jaina vidyA ke kisI bhI kSetra meM kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ko sabhI sambaddha grantha / zodha patra eka hI sthala para upalabdha ho jaayeN| hama yahA~ jaina vidyAoM se sambaddha vibhinna viSayoM para hone vAle zodha ke sandarbha meM samasta sUcanAe~ adyatana upalabdha karAnA cAhate haiN| isase jaina vidyAoM ke zodha meM rUci rakhane vAloM ko prathama caraNa meM hI hatotsAhita hone evaM punarAvRtti ko rokA jA skegaa| kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura kA prakalpa sandarbha granthAlaya kevala itanA hI nahIM, hamArI yojanA durlabha pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja, mUla athavA usakI chAyA pratiyoM / mAikro philmoM ke saMkalana kI bhI hai| ina vicAroM ko mUrtarUpa dene hetu digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura para navIna pustakAlaya bhavana kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| 31 disambara 2001 taka pustakAlaya meM 9250 mahatvapUrNa grantha evaM 1167 pAMDulipiyoM kA saMkalana ho cukA hai| jisameM aneka durlabha granthoM kI phoTo pratiyA~ bhI sammilita haiN| aba upalabdha pustakoM kI samasta jAnakArI kampyUTara para bhI upalabdha hai| phalata: kisI bhI pustaka ko kSaNa mAtra meM hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| hamAre pustakAlaya meM lagabhaga 350 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita rUpa se AtI haiM, jo anyatra durlabha hai| saMsthAoMse : 1. lekhakoM se 00 2. Apase anurodha hai ki 78 digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama parisara meM hI amara granthAlaya ke antargata pustaka vikraya kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| sandarbha granthAlaya meM prApta hone vAlI kRtiyoM kA prakAzakoM ke anurodha para bikrI kendra para bikrI kI jAne vAlI pustakoM kI namUnA prati ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jA skegaa| AvazyakatAnusAra namUnA prati ke AdhAra para adhika pratiyoM ke ArDara diye jAyeMge / apanI saMsthA ke prakAzanoM kI 11 prati pustakAlaya ko preSita kreN| apanI kRtiyoM (pustakoM / lekhoM) kI sUcI preSita kareM, jisase unako pustakAlaya meM upalabdha kiyA jA ske| prakAzita jaina sAhitya ke sUcIkaraNa kI pariyojanA bhI yahIM saMcAlita hone ke kAraNa pAThakoM ko bahuta sI sUcanAe~ yahA~ sahaja upalabdha haiN| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa 3. jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM hone vAlI navInatama zodhoM kI sUcanAe~ preSita kareM / DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva arhat vacana, 74 (2-3), 2002

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Vol. 14, No. 2-3, 2002, 79-90 ACARYA VIRASENA AND HIS MATHEMATICAL CONTRIBUTION #Mrs. Pragati Jain & Dr. Anupam Jain' ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda Jnanapiha, Indore Jainism, an ancient religion, is well known for its excellent culture, tradition and heritage. The contribution of Jainas is not confined to literature alone, but has also extended to the science in general and mathematics in particular. There is a rich tradition of mathematics among Jainas. Many Jaina Acaryas/scholars contributed a lot in the field of mathematics. Acarya Sridhara, Acarya Mahavira, Simha Tilakastiri and Thakkarapheru are few names who had independently written mathematical texts. There are many other Jainacaryas who are basically philosophers but their texts contain enough mathematical knowledge. The names of Acarya Yativrasabha, Virasena, Nemicandra, Madhavacandra and Pt. Todarmala can be included in this list. Acarya Virasena is one of them whose name came on the top in the list of philosopher mathematicians. His famous book is Dhavala Tika (commentary on Satkhandagama of Puspadanta and Bhutabali) written in the beginning of ninth century A.D. It is a text of first rate importance and treated as Agama in Jaina community especially in Digambara sect. It is more clear by the statement written by A.N. Singh1: 'The Dhavala becomes a work of first rate importance to the historian of Indian Mathematics, as it supplies informations about the darkest period of history of Indian Mathematics the period preceding the fifth century A.D.' The above statement inspired me to go through the valuable commentary. This voluminious commentary first published by Jaina Sahityodharak Fund, Vidisha, Amravati and then by Jaina Sanskriti Samrakshak Sangh, Solapur under the editorship of Dr. H.L. Jain and A.N. Upadhye in sixteen volumes. It is an important source of mathematical informations of the dark period of Indian Mathematics i.e. 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. As per the information available in different Jaina texts, four more commentaries has been written on The Satkhandagama, before Virasena by Kundakunda, Samakunda, Tumbultra and Bappadeva. All these commentaries had been used by Virasena in the process of writing the Dhavala commentary. Asst. Proffesor-Mathematics, I.L.V.A. Commerce & Science College, Indore. ** Department of Mathematics, Holkar Autonomous Science College, Indore -452 009

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No doubt, Virasena had a lot of mathematical intelligence but they had definitely used the mathematical knowledge contained in the previous commentaries and the mathematical texts of Jain tradition available at that time. It is clear by the references of Pariyamma Suttam and other mathematical texts.2 Certainly Virasena is not a mathematician. He was a philosopher and religious divine. He was a religious saint and acarya of Digambara Jaina tradition. He had written 72,000 slokas (gathas) for Dhavala and 20,000 slokas of Jaya-Dhavata commentary which is completed by his pupil Acarya Jinasena. As per information available in the ending lines of Uttara Purana, one more commentary of the book entitled Siddha-Bhupaddhati was written by Acarya Virasena. But at present it is not available. I am just quoting one verse of Uttara Purana - That means Siddha Bhipaddhati is a text which is very difficult and Virasena has written this commentary to facilitate the study. siddhibhUpaddhatiM yasya TIkAM saMvIkSya bhikSubhiH / TIkyate helayAnyeSAM viSamApi pade pade // 3 Now we give some details of the mathematical material available in Dhavata as follows: Decimal Place Value System of Notation Method of Place Value Notation is found in Jaina canonical literature and at some places in Ganita-sara-sangraha.* For example: 7999998 is expressed as a number which has 7 in the beginning, 8 at the end and 9 repeated 5 times in between.5 Some other methods are also found to represent the number in the form of digits like, 46666664 is expressed as sixty-four, six hundreds, sixty-six thousands, sixty-six hundred-thousands and four kotis.6 22799498 is expressed as two kotis, twenty-seven, ninety-nine thousands, four and ninety eight.7 Fundamental Operations All the fundamental operations-addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, extraction of square, cube, square-root and cube-roots, the raising of numbers to the given number, etc. are mentioned both with respect to integers and fractions. Some examples are - 1st square of 'a' 2nd square of 'a' 80 a2 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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Similarly, Similarly, 3rd square of 'a' Now square-roots: nth square of 'a' 1st square-root of 'a' 2nd square root of 'a' 3rd square-root of 'a' n square-root of 'a' Cube and Cube-roots : Cube of cube of 'a' Square root of cube of 'a' Another example is = = = = Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002 = 223 a2n a1/2 a1/22 2nd Vargita-Samvargita of 2 a1/23 a1/20 (a)" (a3) = am+n = am-n = amn ||||| = 212 = Law of Indices From the above examples and other material available, Acarya Virasena was fully conversant with the laws of Indices : am x an a" / a" (a) = = = a1/2 227 / 226 = 226 which means 7th varga of 2 divided by 6 varga of 2 gives the 6 varga of 2. a1/4 Vargita-Samvargita There is a great contribution of Acarya Virasena to give the method of Vargita-Samvargita in process of expressing big numbers. This method has been used for raising of a number to its own power. For example: 1 Vargita Samvargita of 2 211 22 = 4 122/221 a1/8 a1/20 a9 a32 3rd Vargita-Sanwargita of 2 = 2P = This method is very easy to express the big number 256256 In connection with this in Dhavala, there is one another operation called = 256256 81

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'Viralana - deya' means 'Spread and Give'. The Viralana means the separating of a number into its unities. Deya means the substitution of 'n' in place of 1. Example: Viralana of 'n' is 1,1,1,1,..............n times. Vargita-Sanivargita of 'n' is obtained by multiplying together the n's obtained by the viralana-deya. For example: Vargita - Samvargita of '3' is: 3.3.3= 33 = 27 Logarithms The terms used in Dhavata for log2, logz, loga, and log log2 are Arddhaccheda, Trikaccheda, Caturthaccheda and Vargasalaka respectively. Also these terms are well defined. Arddhaccheda : It is denoted by Ac. Arddhaccheda of a number is equal to the number of times that it can be divisible by 2. For example : 32 is divisible by 2 in 5 times, hence Arddhaccheda of 32 is 5. log232 = 5 Trikaccheda : Trikaccheda of a number is equal to the number of times that it can be divided by 3. For example : 81 is divided by 3 only 4 times, thus Trikaccheda of 81 is 4. log: 81 = 4 Caturthaccheda 10 : Caturthaccheda of a number is the number of times that it can be divided by 4 e.g. 256 can be divided by 4 in 4 times, hence caturthaccheda of 256 is 4 i.e. log, 256 = 4 The results related to logarithms in Dhavata can be written in a modern way as follows: (0) 11 log m/n = log m - log n log (m.n) = log m + log n log, 2 = m log(x) = 2x log x (ii) 12 (ii) 13 (iv) 14 82 Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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In Dhavala we find that theory of logarithms are mentioned to the base 2, 3 and 4. Of course, the operations with base 10 and exponential are not available. 2. Fractions Sufficient material is available in Dhavala on fractions. But these are not found in any known contemporary mathematical work. All these material is present in gathas. Converting thses gathas into mathematical work, we get following results n2 1.17 n+ (n/p) 18 (v) 15 19 3. (vi)16 20 4.1 For example (1) If log log(x)) = log x + 1 + log log x log(x** = x* log xx 3 1 - (1/3) 2 Let a number m be divided by the divisors d and d', and let q and q be the quotients, then the following formula gives the result when m is divided by d + d1: Then If Then and n (2) p+-1 1 1 +(1/2) 1 m d+- d1 d a b Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 2 3 q q 1 +- (q/q1) m1 d d(q-q1) + m1 = m. = 1 q and a b + b/n a b- b/n 1 + 3 q1 (q1/q) + 1 2 q + q n+1 q n 1 83

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m. 5.21 22 6.2 7.23 8.24 226 10. 11. 84 If Then and If Then and if Then If Then If Then If Then If Then a Then b a b+c a b-c a a O sto b b b' b a 100 b b1 = b+ a b a a q X = a b b1 b =q q, X = a b a q-c b = q, and q+ q, = q, bc q-c q, q'-a = q, a b bc q+c +42190 b q/c + 1 a b/c + 1 b q/c-1 b+ x b/c - 1 a b1 b' b b a b-x a q+c a b+c qc b+c b-c qc is another fraction =q-c =q+c q1 = q + b-c Such complicated operations on fractions indicate the great interest of Jainacaryas in mathematics. q1 q1 Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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But the modern mathematics give honour to the Italian Mathematician Pietro Antonio Cataldi (1548 - 1616 A.D.) for the development of continued fractions. But the availability of continued fraction in Dhavata tika 20 rejects the above statement Some Geometric Formulas are also available in Dhavala of Virasena.' 27 Rate of Increase It is used for calculating the length of a horizontal section of a trapezoid. This also occurs in the Jaina cosmography as a vertical section of the lower and the upper worlds. Suppose the rate of increase is in and let the top, the base and the height of a trapezoid be 'a', 'b' and 'h' respectively, then the rate will be b-a r= 28 if this rate of increase be multiplied by an optional number 'x' and increased by the top, it becomes the fruit 'y', y = X + a This is an 'adapted formula'. Volume of a Trapezoidal Prism It is given by an 'adapted formula'. a + b b + m V= X 74 + x 74 cubic rajju. 72 2 2 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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That means when a trapezoid cut in half the base 'a' and the middle line 'm', both increased by the top 'b', multiplied the result by the square of seven and made them into one, there will be the volume of the world in cubic rajjus. Volume of Cylindrical Spaces Let 'V' and 'h' are respectively the volume and height of a cylinder and 'd', 'c' and 'A' are respectively the diameter, the circumference and the area of its base. Then the formula for the volume which taken for granted by Virasena is Also The first formula for area is cited in a different wording as a formula of 'practical' nature as against 'exact'. 31 The Jaina mathematician Mahavira also prescribes it in a section for geometrical formulas of 'practical' nature of his Ganitasarasamgraha. and The second formula and its variation, A.(c/2). (d/2) has been used in India since at least the times of Umasvati. 32 Circumference of a circle There are two formulas for the circumference of a circle given by Virasena, C = 10d2 86 V = Ah where A = 3 d A = c. 4 16d + 16 C = 3d + 113 355 d + 16 113 33 The second formula will be more accurate than the first one." Virasena also uses the formula (in addition to above) - d, 2 C = 3d + C = 355 113 16d 113 d Thus, Virasena uses the three approximations for l which is 3, 10 355 113 The first value is for the area and the rest values for the circumference. Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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Approximate Volumes of Irregular Solids The volume of the fields occupied by various fluas living outside Svayamprabha mountain and having two to five sense organs, are given an approximate calculation. The 'depth (ogahana) or the height of each creature is stipulated in the following verse, and the other sizes are given by Virasena in his calculation of each volume." 34 35 samkho puna baraha jovanani gomhi bhava tikosam tul Bhamaro joyanam egami maccho puna joyanasahassoll (1) A bee (bhamara): Approximation by a semi-cylinder If the length of the field of a bee height circumference a = 1 yojana = h = 1/2 yojana c/2 = 1/2 yojana and then the formula for calculating the field of a bee, given by Virasena is - 3 c/2 V = xhxa 2 8 where a = 1, h = 1/2, c/2 = l x 1/2 3/2 (with l= 3). It is interesting that for the circumference and the area of a circle, the value of l is taken as 3. V = abh where 'n' is a countable number." Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002 Semi-cylindrical field occupied by a bee 36 (2) A centipede (gomhi): Approximation by a rectangular solid. When the length 'a' of a centipede is three forth of an utsedha yojana, the width 'b', one-eight of 'a' and the thickness 'h', half of the width, all these are multiplied mutually, a countable number 'nth' part of a cubic utsedha-yojana is obtained. 27 8192 37 h 3 3 3 4 32 64 1 " = utsedha yojana3. n c/2 a utsedha-yojana". 87

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(3) A conch-shell (samkha): Approximation by an irregular cone If 'A' be the area of the field of a conch-shell, length be 'a' (=12 yojanas), whose mouth be 'm' (=4 yojanas), diametere be 'd', 'h' be its height, then volume of the field will be n-m +h V = AX utsedha-yojana? where A = [0-*** x2 4 h-m The meaning of - height. +h - is not known, but it is perhaps a modified Conch-shell like plane figure is more accurate area of a conch-shell But the result given by Mahavira like figure. He used 10 for A. A-vto [C-m3)+ () (4) A fish (maccha): Approximation either by an elliptic cylinder or by a rectangular solid Let the length of the field of a fish be 'a', height be 'h' and width be 'b', where a = 1000 yojanas, h = 500 yojanas and b = 250 yojanas. Then the volume will be V = n pramana - angula where n is a countable number. 88 Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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According to Digambara table of measures - 1 utsedha-yojana3 = 15363 pramana amgulas3 Progression: Virasena also uses the formula for the sum of a finite geometric progression:S(n) = a + ar+ ar2 + ar3 + a (-1) r-1 Above formula is used in his computation of the number of the heavenly bodies and the areas of the cocentric islands and oceans. 40 Another derivation of the same formula is - S PS a a = a + -+p p =ap + a a - a + + p p + arn-1 = --- + <0> = ap + S In the above expression <0> indicates a 'space point (agasa-pradesa). This notation is clearly seen in Virasena's expression of the 'thickness' of a plane figure. +<0 In the previous lines we have given some descriptions of the mathematical excellence of Virasena. Of course all these are available in the Dhavata commentary, not only it, but a lot of more mathematical material is available in Dhavala. On the basis of it, I can say that Dhavala is a book of first rate importance of the historian of mathematics and more systamatic & deeper study is essential from the mathematical point of view. References: 1. 'Mathematics in Dhavala', Dhavala-IV, p. 4, Sholapur, 1984. 2. (a) Anupam Jain, Katipaya Ajnata Jaina Ganita Grantha', Ganita Bharati, 4(3-4), (Delhi), 1981, pp. 61-71. (b) Jaina Ganitiya Sahitya'. Arhat Vacana (indore), 1(1), September, 1988. 3. See ref. 1. 4. Ganila sara-samgraha' by Mahavira, 1963 with a Hindi translation by L.C. Jain, Solapur, Ch. 1, 63-68. 5. Dhavala-III, p. 98, quoted verse 51, cf. Gommata-sara Jivakanda, pp. 633. [Satakhandagama. Dhavala Tika by Acarya Virasena, Ed.-Dr. Hiralal Jain, Part 1-16, Amravati, Solapur etc. 1939-59). 6. Ibid, p. 99, quoted verse 52. 7. Ibid, p. 99, quoted verse 53. 8. Ibid, p. 56. Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 89

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9. Ibid. p. 56. 10. Ibid, p. 56. 11. Ibid, p. 60. 12. Ibid, p. 60. 13. ibid, p. 85. 14. Ibid, p. 21. 15. Ibid, p. 21. 16. Ibid, p. 21-24. 17. Ibid, p. 46. 18. Ibid, p. 47 19. Ibid, p. 46. 20. Ibid, p. 46. 21. Ibid, p. 46. 22. Ibid, p. 46. 23. Ibid, p. 46. 24. Ibid, p. 48. 25. Ibid, p. 49. 26. Ibid, p. 45-46. 27. Geometric Formulas in the Dhavala of Virasena, By Takao Hayashi, Jinamanjari (Canada), 14(2), 1996, pp. 53 - 76. 28. Dhavata, vol. 4, p. 57. 29. Dhavala, vol. 4, p. 146. 30. lbid, p. 209. 31. By Bhaskara -I in his commentary on Aryabhatiya. 32. Tattvarthadhigamasutrabhasya, 3-11, 5th century AD. 33. Dhavala, vol. 4, p. 221-222. 34. Stanza 12 in Dhavala-IV. p.33. 35. Dhavala-IV, p. 34. 36. Ibid, p. 34-35. 36. Dhavala - III, p. 11 -26. 38. Ganita sara-Samgraha, 7.65-66. 39. Dhavata-IV, p. 36. 40. ibid. p. 150-159. 90 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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Vol. 14, No.-2-3, 2002, 91-97 ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda jnanapiha, Indore KD Theory of Time and Consciousness Dilip Suraana * I start this paper with a very general idea.....that of Time Machine. The concept of time machine is as open as it ever was. Can one travel back in the past (or for that matter transport into future)? Well, some say yes, it is possible, but they do not have any means to justify it. Some say no, as, if it is yes then you would be able to prevent your own birth. Logically correct it seems.' Actually past of the future is always present. And this aptly represents the truth. It has to be explored further - how? It is possible to know the past as well as the future as both these are present in a relevant sense. One cannot say that the past does not exists nor can one deny the existence of the future. If the three altogether exist then the first solution first premise is the one to get the support. But at the same time I would say one cannot see the time as it has no form. If one has to know time in the sense of physical knowledge then the answer must be no as we can neither touch nor hear nor taste nor smell nor see the time. None of our senses are capable of knowing time in that sense. Taking the first hypothesis first, if one exists then one must be able to locate it and may be see it. No existence can be there without a location and an existence is always knowable. We see shapes but we cannot see existence. Which has no shape cannot be seen either. Time has no shape even though it is relevant to space which has a shape. It must then be somewhere. The effort is to be directed to find that somewhere. The universe is grandest not finite but infinite. So the past and future must exist within this infinite. Infinite past has been there and infinite future would be there. Both these infinites should co-exist in the infinite universe along with the finite present. How to locate it? If we do not know what the past is or the future is then we cannot locate it. First we have to know this. Even if we know it today we may * 39/1, Kalighat Road, Calcutta - 700 025

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be unsuccessful in locating it. But that is immaterial as one time in future will enable us to locate the existence if in the present one has that the of knowledge. What then is the past or Mure (or for that matter what present is)? These are components of infinite time - one is the front and the other reverse (as seen from one end - may be reversed if seen from the other end as present is the future of past) and in between the two faces the present - finite present is there. Past and future in one sense to not exist at all. Only the present does. What then the time is ? Time is an Eml. I feel no word exists as Eml in science vocabulary and I have used it in that way to denoie and describe what in one word I would not have been able to do. Eml is a matter or characteristics or subject or existence or shape or anything like that consisting of one or more of these. The Emi is not necessarily a visible entity. It may be invisible . not subject to any of the senses. But the Eml is necessarily amenable to knowledge. Take a person's knowledge for instance - it exists but one cannot see it not even in his brain - even then it is there. All the parts of brain are exactly the same just one second after a person's death but it does not work - why? Only because the knowledge is not brain nor any of its parts - neurons etc. It is something different which makes the difference of one second most vital. The knowledge has left the body, so it won't work any more. It existed but one could not see it - Yes one has always known it. Knowledge knows. But knowledge is not Eml. Similarly Eml exists - one may not see it but one can know it. The knowledge of Eml is always possible. But knowledge does not necessarily includes seeing. If one can see then in theoretical situation one can interfere with it. Since we cannot see time we cannot interfere with it or since we cannot interfere with time we cannot see it. We can know a happening if our speed is more than the speed of time which is not equivalant to speed of light but more. Time is not relevant to light, but light can be adjudged in terms of speed only with regard to time. This takes care of the prevention of one's own birth. I can know my 92 Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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birth but I cannot interfere with it. Space is infinite so we have to locate the time within this infinite as time is relevant to the space. The attempt to locate time must take into consideration the space as without space time cannot be computed in isolation. Not impossible but daunting even then. Since location of time is dependent on knowledge we have to increase the knowledge as if it was within the present domain and capacity of knowledge then we would have been able to locate the past by now. We have not been able to do this due to finiteness of our present knoweldge which is very very finite when compared to the infinite time. If we can increase the limits of finiteness of the knowledge then our frontiers for knowing the time will also increase. Time will come closer to be known. Look at different persons - all have some knowledge. Limits of knowledge vary from person to person, animal to animal, plant to plant, though they may belong to same species. Each living being has knowledge and each one's knowledge is partially covered in some covered to the maximum but not fully and in some minimum part of the knowledge is covered but not totally uncovered. This cover has to be removed. When knowledge is fully uncovered it knows everything in all its respects for all times. This cover is also an Eml. We can know it but we cannot see it. We can feel it (not by any senses) but we cannot observe it - literal (external) observation I mean. Reason is that knowledge cover is negative of knowledge having the same properties but only in the negative. The cover of knowledge - 'Kc' is there from the first moment of a particular life. We can always know what actually happened at a particular time either in past or even what is going to happen at a particular time in future and stretching it we can see all for infinity both ways. But in the absence of total knowledge these specific limits are imposed on our knowing which is relevant to the level of cover. More the cover more the limit and more the ignorance. How can we know what happened at a particular time past? One and the only sure way is the total knowledge when anything past and everything future and all present is clear like back of one's palm. The second is one positions oneself at a place which is a point so much removed away from the past and future that these convert themselves into present which is always knowable and the third is one travels faster than the speed of past Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 93

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and future - in one the speed being negative and in the other positive. For the past events the speed has to be positive and for future it is always negative speed as it is unascertained at the moment. One has to travel beyond and faster than the speed of past and future to know it. Positive speed reaches but negative speed only probes. Positive is always certain but this necessity does not attaches to negative hence positive must reach a certain specific stage, but negative only touches it - and that too from a distance. For this what then is past ? Past in one sense is the time that has passed but in another sense it represents whatever happened as relative to that particular time. Time passes, it changes, so it has to have a speed. This speed of time is relative to the happening at the time - its place - particular space. The speed may look different from another space. So if the time is relative to a place then at other places it may be different. Diference leading to the exclusivity of a time to that particular space only. This space is as minute as the time is. Therefore, a particular space can be known by its particular time. Similarly we can know a particular time by the particular space it occupies. Each time has its own space and all time has all space with all space having all time. If we know one space we can know all time past, present or future of that particular space. A clarification - a simple pinhead has infinite spaces. The difference between knowing time and knowing the events (s) that happened at a particular time is certainly very important. Time is also relative to an event. If there is no event then there is no time either. Eventless time is irrelevant. Event also encompasses existence. The space is demarcated by events. Therefore many events can be relevant to a particular space differentiated by time. Our purpose will be served if we can observe the event (s) that has taken place in the past or will take place in future at a particular space. Pure and simple time is irrelevant to us as we do not know what to do with pure time. Actually pure time would be unavailable. It will have the same qualifications of space and event for past, present and future too. Every living being's knowledge carries Kc with itself or put simply every living being howsoever microscopic it may be, has its knowledge covered at least to some or to a great extent. The limits of Kc increase or decrease explainable on the basis of KD. Theory of Matter & Form particularly its law of Determination of Sequential Change. The speed of time must be less than infinite as otherwise we can never Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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know infinite time. Reason being we can never reach infinite as speed is always finite. From one end of infinite to the other end of infinite what is contained is definitely 'finite. The time relative to any of that point must also by necessary implication be finite as what has passed only after a particular point of time - no infinite passage as such - so whatever is limited by time must then necessarily be finite. We can know the finite past and finite future. The total past is infinite and similarly total future is infinite, but anything between these two is finite and we can know it. Our knowledge when it is infinite can travel (so to say) on and on without stopping even once infinitely. Nothing will remain infinite if one can reach infinite. So the journey of infinite knowledge to know the infinite can continue only till infinite and whatever comes within that journey does not remains infinite, but axiomatically becomes finite and can either be expressed or felt. Infinite cannot be expressed but can only be felt. Expression is only of finite thing - it can as well be felt. Another question may arise if the speed for knowing the past should be greater than the speed for knowing the future? Since past that has gone is too vast to be expressed but the future is only moments away so the speed should not be the same. Illogical! The moments later future has its corresponding moments earlier past so that speed of knowing future 24 hours hence would have to be equal to the speed of knowing past 24 hours back. The only question may be if speed of knowing immediate past or future can be equal to the speed of knowing terminal past or future (of a later point). The answer is not easy. But it is very simple too. The speed of knowledge is same for knowing both the immediate or terminal time - past or future. The knowledge can know any of the past or future in an instant - no more time is necessary. This speed is in consonance with the Kc. The lower the Kc higher is the reach and speed of knowledge. Knowledge may also be called consciousness. We can now express this KD theory of Time (- and - consciousness) by the following equation - Total knowledge is when K - X equals K=K-X= (Where K stands for knowledge, x stands for Kc (knowledge cover) and Arhat Vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 95

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only when x becomes nil). When K - X = that is the stage to be reached and until the value of X is absolutely nil knowledge will not be total. It will be covered. Only when the knowledge is total - totally uncovered then the equation will be proved. This position is possible only when x is nil otherwise never. It can never be - K or - X, most certainly - Kand - X can never exist. This can be expressed in another way : - K is always positive and independent of x is complete while x is always negative (as relevant to K) and always substracts K. K will become total but can never be nil. x can however become nil but can never be total or absolute. Independently K - x is reduction of effect of x with lesser being the x greater would be increase of) K. Similarly independently is effect of K when reduced by effect of x and then more the x greater would be the reduction of effect of x with corresponding increase of K. K - X = ... x is a factor or event which would be equal in both K - x and only when at both values it would be nil. We have to consider three points in the universe and two distances in between. The first is where we are relative to space and relative to time. The second is what event we want to know which has taken place relative to space and time in past. And similarly the third point is relative to a future time and future space for a future event. The distance between any of the two is subject of our position and query. How these distances are to be covered ? Unless we can cover these two distances we can never know either the past or future. The only relief is that at any time we have at least two fixed points to cover so it can be covered. If there never were two points then the time would have remained unknown. Speed of knowledge is hindred by Kc. The less the Kc more is the speed and when Kc is totally absent, K is having its full speed. So to say in which case K's speed becomes infinite which is certainly more than required to know a finite past or finite future. Of course when one is predicting that at a particular time this eclipse will take place - this only means a forecast commensurate with knowledge 96 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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cover being removed in particular persons compared to those who have no schooling and therefore cannot foresee what others have foreseen and forecasted, i.e. their Kc has not been lessened to that particular extent in a particular direction at a particular time. Knowledge is neither dependent on body nor nerve cells nor anything else. Knowledge since it is soul is dependent on itself. The less the knowledge cover more the knowledge is realised and more a living being (particularly human beings) knows - past - present - future. When the knowledge cover is nil the knowledge is absolute/total/infinite. Then the person does not see through his eyes, hears through his ears, tastes through his tongue, feels through his skin, smells through is nose but he knows and sees through his whole body (And this is the reason why some persons can tell colour by mere touch...their knowledge cover so far as to that extent is concerned has becomes less) - his whole soul as it resides in the whole body. A person having complete knowledge will not sleep as sleep is a result of knowledge cover - that is why our apparent consciousness becomes almost nil in sleep or in coma. Consciousness that we have been dealing with here deserves an independent paper for complete explanation and in as much as this paper relates to Time Vis-a-vis consciousness suffice it to say that consciousness itself is soul and soul is consciousness itself . spread all over body going to the extent that when Kc is fully obliterated then one would not see with eyes but with consciousness that is soul that is whole body for example - and this paper due to its own inherent limitations of subject cannot deal with consciousness per se in greater details which along with the whole world from origin (?) to end (?) is subject matter of another book. This KD Theory of Time (- and - consciousness) is dedicated to my Fourth Guru but for whom I would not have been able to make it out and only who has been instrumental in all these revelations and realisations. Received: 22.5.2001 Arhat Vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita sAhitya pustaka kA nAma lekhaka I.S.B.N. kramAkaM pasta mUlya * 1. jainadharma kA sarala paricaya paM. balabhadra jaina 81-86933 - 00-X 200.00 2. bAlabodha jainadharma, pahalA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-01- 8 1.50 saMzodhita 3. bAlabodha jainadharma, dUsarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-02-6 1.50 4. bAlabodha jainadharma, tIsarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933 - 03 -4 3.00 5. bAlabodha jainadharma, cauthA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933 - 04-2 4.00 6. naitika zikSA, prathama bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-05-0 ___4.00 7. naitika zikSA, dUsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-06-9 4.00 8. naitika zikSA, tIsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 -07-7 9. naitika zikSA, cauthA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 08 -5 6.00 10. naitika zikSA, pAMcavA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 09-3 6.00 11. naitika zikSA, chaThA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 10-7 6.00 12. naitika zikSA, sAtavAM bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 11-5 6.00 13. The Jaina Sanctuaries of Dr. T.V.G. Shastri 81-86933 - 12 -3 500.00 the Fortress of Gwalior 14. jaina dharma - vizva dharma paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 81-86933 - 13-1 10.00 15, mUlasaMdha aura usakA prAcIna paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 14-X 7000 sAhitya 16. Jain Dharma Pt. Nathuram 81-86933-15-82000 Vishwa Dharma Dongariya Jain *17. amara granthAlaya meM saMgrahIta saMpA. - DaoN. anupama jaina 31-86933 - 16-6200.00 pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI evaM anya *18. AcArya kundakunda zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho saMpA - DaoN. anupama jaina 81-86933 - 17-4 200.00 meM saMgrahIta pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI evaM anya 19. madhyapradeza kA jaina shilp| zrI narezakumAra pAThaka 81-86933 - 18-2 300.00 *20. bhaTTAraka yazakIrti diga. jaina sarasvatI saMpA - DaoN. anupama jaina 81-86933 - 19-0200.00 bhaNDAra, RSabhadeva meM saMgrahIta evaM anya pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI 21. jainAcAra vijJAna muni sunIlasAgara 81-86933 - 20 -4 20.00 22. samIcIna sArvadharma sopAna paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 31-86933-21-2 20.00 23 An Introduction to Jainism Pt. Balbhadra Jain 31-86933-22-0 100.00 & Its Culture 24. Ahimsa : The Ultimate Winner Dr. N.P. Jain 81-86933-23-9100.00 25, jIvana kyA hai? DaoN. anila kumAra jaina 81-86933 - 24-750.00 * anupalabdha noTa : pUrva ke sabhI sUcI patra radda kiye jAte haiN| mUlya parivartanIya haiN| prApti samparka : kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura-452001 98 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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TippaNI - 1 arhat vacana / kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) jaina gaNita ke prathama videzI pracAraka DaoN. DeviDa yUjIna smitha (1860 - 1944) - DaoN. rAdhAcaraNa gupta* antarrASTrIya History of Science Society (sthApita 1924) ke saMsthApaka DaoN. DeviDa yUjIna smitha (David Eugene Smith) jIvana paryanta jisa kSetra meM kAryarata rahe vaha thA gaNita kA itihAsa jisako vaha pUrNatayA samarpita the| deza kI sImAoM ko lAMgha kara unhoMne vizva - gaNita ke itihAsa kA adhyayana, pracAra tathA prakAzana kiyaa| isa viSaya se saMbaMdhita bahumUlya sAmagrI kA saMgraha karake tana-mana-dhana se usa zAstra kI sevA kii| lekhaka, sampAdaka, saMgrahakartA tathA prabandhaka hone ke sAtha vaha eka saphala prAdhyApaka bhI the| san 1860 I. meM janmeM DI.I. smitha ne Syracuse vizvavidyAlaya se Ph.B., Ph.M., Ph.D. tathA L.L.D. kI upAdhiyA~ kramaza: san 1881, 1884, 1887 tathA 1905 meM prApta kii| bAda meM unheM Sc. D. upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| san 1891 se 1898 taka ve Michigan State Normal School, Ypsilanti meM gaNita ke prAdhyApaka rhe| bAda meM kolambiyA (Columbia) vizvavidyAlaya ke Teacher's College meM gaNita ke prAdhyApaka bne| gaNita ke itihAsa saMbaMdhI pustakeM, hastalikhita pothiyA~, yantra va padaka ityAdi ko prApta karane ke liye unhoMne vizva bhramaNa kiyaa| vaha bhArata bhI Aye the jahA~ unhoMne gaNita sAra saMgraha ke sampAdana meM kAryarata prA. ema. raMgAcArya se bheMTa kI thii| bAda meM DaoN. smitha ne grantha ke liye aMgrejI meM bhUmikA (Introduction) bhI likhI jise prA. raMgAcArya ne 'gaNita sAra saMgraha' (aMgrejI anuvAda sahita saMpAdita) meM, sabhI vidvAnoM kI ora se dhanyavAda dete hue chApI thI (Madras, 1912) / vAstava meM raMgAcArya ne gaNita - itihAsa ke vizeSajJa smitha kA sahayoga prApta karane meM bar3I sUjhabUjha aura dUradarzitA se kAma liyaa| phalasvarUpa Adhunika bhASAnuvAda sahita prakAza meM Aye 'gaNita sAra saMgraha ke aitihAsika mahatva kI ora vizva kA dhyAna Ane lgaa| DaoN. smitha ne 4th International Congress of Mathematicians, Rome, 1908 meM gaNita sAra saMgraha para apanA eka zodha lekha par3hA jo ki bAda meM Bibliotheca Mathematica patrikA meM chapA aura I.C.M. kI Proceedings meM bhI (1909) / do-tIna varSa bAda smitha dvArA prAcIna bhAratIya gaNitajJoM para likhe gaye lekha jaba Cyclopedia of Education meM prakAzita hae to unameM AryabhaTa, brahmagupta tathA bhAskara - II ke sAtha 'gaNita sAra saMgraha' ke racayitA mahAvIrAcArya para bhI svataMtra lekha thaa| madrAsa se chape 'gaNita sAra saMgraha' grantha kI samIkSA (Review) bhI smitha ne kI jo amarIkA gaNitIya sosAyaTI kI buleTina (1913) meM chpii| smitha ke lekhoM tathA samIkSAoM kA silasilA calatA rhaa| san 1923 meM DaoN. smitha ne eka Andolana calAyA jisake phalasvarUpa agale varSa ke prAraMbha meM hI History of Science Society kI sthApanA ho gii| vaijJAnika yuga ke liye yaha saMsthA apane DhaMga kI vizva meM nirAlI thii| san 1931 meM DaoN. smitha ne apane jIvana ke cAlIsa varSoM meM kiyA gayA pustakoM, pothiyoM tathA anya sAmagriyoM kA vizAla tathA anUThA saMgraha kolambiyA vizvavidyAlaya ko bheMTa kara diyaa| vaha saMgraha D.E. Smith Library arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 99

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ke nAma se eka vikhyAta zodha tathA sUcanA kendra bnaa| 1936 meM jaba Osiris nAma kI eka nayI zodha patrikA History of Science para prAraMbha kI gaI to usakA prathama khaMDa D.E. Smith ko samarpita thaa| (vAstava meM samarpaNa samAroha smitha ke janma kI 75vIM varSagAMTha ke avasara para 1935 meM manAyA gayA thaa|) isa patrikA meM smitha kI racanAoM kI eka vizAla sUcI (1892 se 1935 taka) upalabdha hai jisameM unakI racita va saMpAdita / anuvAdita pustakoM, lekhoM, samIkSAoM, AkhyAoM Adi kI saMkhyA 564 hai| jIvana meM itanA lekhana tathA saMgrahaNa kArya eka samarpita mahAn vyakti hI kara sakatA hai| SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF D.E. SMITH ON ANCIENT INDIAN (Including Jaina) MATHEMATICS 1. The Ganitasarasamgraha (GSS) of Mahaviracarya, Paper presented in ____the 4th I.C.M., Rome, April 6-11-1908 2. Same published in the Bibliotheca Mathematica, 3rd series, Vol. 9 (Dec. 1908), pp. 106-110 3. Same also in the Atti del IV Congresso intermazionale deimatematici (i.e. Proceedings of the 4th I.C.M.), Vol. 3, 1909, PP. 428-431 4. The Hindu Arabic Numerals, Ginn & Co., Boston, 1911 (With L.C. arpinski). 5. Articles on Aryabhatta 'Bhaskara', Brahmagupta and Mahaviracarya in the Cyclopedia of Education (ed. by P. Monroe), Macmillan, N.Y.,c. 1911-1913. 6. Introduction to Madras, ed. of GSS, 1912, p. xix - xxiv. Same reprined in the Sholapur (1963) & Hombuja (2000) editions. 7. Review of Madras ed. of GSS in BAMS, Vol. 19 (1913), 310-315 8. The Geometry of Hindus, Isis, I (1913), 197-204. 9. Review of G.R. Kaye, Indian Mathematics, in Science n.s. 43 (June 2, 1916), 781-783. 10. Rabbi ben Ezra and the Hindu-Arabic Problem, Amer. Math. Monthly, 25 (1918), 99-108 (With J. Ginsburg). 11. History of Mathematics, 2 Vols, Boston, 1923, 1925: Revised ed. 1928, 1930. Dover Paperback ed., N.Y. 1958. 12. (Edition) A Source Book in Mathematics, Mc Graw, N.Y., 1929 13. G.R. Kaye (1866-1929), Archeion, 11 (1929), 230-231 14. Review of the Aryabhatiya (tr. by W.E. Clark), Math. Teacher, 23 (1930), 396-398 15. Review of The Science of the Sulba (by B. Datta), Scripta Mathematica, 2 (1934), 166-168. 16. The Ganesh Prasad Prize, Science, n.s. 81 (May 17, 1935), p. 487 * Ara - 20, rasabahAra kAlonI, jhAMsI-284003 prApta: 10.6.02 100 arhat vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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Short Notes - 2 ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda Jnanapitha, Indore A LITTLE KNOWN 19TH CENTURY STUDY OF THE GANITA-SARA-SAMGRAHA Prof. R.C. Gupta* It is now well-known that Mallana (about A.D. 1100) wrote a Telugu version of the famous Sanskrit work the Ganita - sara-samgragha (= GSS) of the Jaina Mathematician Mahaviracarya. Mallana's father was Sivvana and mother Gaurama. His grand - father had received a land-grant from the Eastern Chalukya king Rajaraja Narendra who ruled the Vengi kingdom from 1022 to 1062. Mallana's version of the GSS was not simply its Telugu rendering but contained changes and additions. He seems to have given the name Sara - samgrah-ganita to his translation which is usually and popularly called Pavuluriganitamu (= PG) after the name of the village to which Mallana belonged. It is the first Telugu work on mathematics. In spite of its importance, only a part of is has been published. Recently the Telugu Academy has entrusted a scholar to edit and bring out the PG fully. One natural change made by Mallana was to replace the name of Mahaviracarya's deity Jina by his own diety Siva. Also Mahavira's list of 24 decuple terms was extended to 36 tems ending with Mahasamudra or Sagara (= 1035). Mallana was also justified in adding the units and measures which were prevalent locally. He also added relevant material to mathematical exposition. For example, informing the necklaces of digits, Mahavira formed (GSS, 11.2) the necklace 12345654321 by multiplying 27994681 by 441, while Mallana got it by squaring 111111 and gave some longer necklaces. It is only after a critical edition of PG is prepared, that will be able to know the full changes and additions made by Mallana from GSS to PG. But one thing is quite clear - any study of PG will also be essentially a study of GSS on which PG is based. It so happened that about two centuries ago, a scholar-officer named Benjamin Heyne obtained a copy of the PG. He tried to understand the work with the help of an instructor who possessed the best practical knowledge of the science (of land measurements) as it existed in India. Since Hayne was interested in land - measures and revenue of the country, he translated the sixth chapter entitled Ksetra Ganita from PG into English. This was published as 'A free Translation of the Chetri Ganitam or Field Measuring of the Hindoos', which was included in the Tracts of India (London, 1814). It seems that he translated only a portion of the chapter but has included lot of land measures e.g. Kunta = one square bamboo = 4096 square feet. 376 277, 14 (2-3), 2002 101

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But some basic mathematical rules (of the GSS) are found in his translation of the PG. We give two cases: 1. To find the area in kuntas of a quadrangular field, take half the amount of the bamboos of the north and south sides, multiply it by half the amount of the east and west sides. The product will be the number required. (Cf. GSS, VII.7) 2. To find area of a Sarkha Figure, deduct half the amount of the short diameter from the long diameter, square the remainder, do the same with half of the short diameter and add the two products together. Multiply the amount by three. Divide this product by four. The quotient is the area. that is, Area = [(D-d/2)2 + (d/2)2). (3/4) which may be compared with the GSS (VII. 23) from. 1 Area = (p/2) + (3/4).(d/2)2 where p = 3(D-d/2)2. Thus we see that PG from is just a simplification of the GSS form. A figure is also drawn. Heyne could not procure the Sanskrit original of the Telugu PG which, he was told, is a translation of the former whose name and details were also not, apparantly, told to him. Heyne also complained of some imperfections in the copy of PG he consulted. Of course, the presentation of the English version of the PG by Heyne is also poor. Any way, he studied indirectly (i.e. via PG) and even unknowingly the selected portion of GSS in its Teugu version by Mallana and this happened more than 190 years ago. A study of PG is automatically a study of GSS and may throw some new light in the field. Publication of some ancient commetary (whether in Sanskrit, Telugu or Kanada) of GSS is also highly desirable. References 1. R.C. Gupta, Mallana, The First Telugu Writer of Mathematics, Ganita Chandrika, 2(2), 2001, 5-8 and 293), 9. 2. R.C. Gupta, World's Longest Lists of Decuple Terms, Ganita Bharati, 23, 2001, 83-90. 3. B. Heyne, Tracts, Historical and Statistical on India, London, 1814, PG's portion appears on pp. 172-180 4. L.C. Jain (ed.), GSS with Hindi translation, Sholapur, 1963 5. S.R. Sharma, The Pavuluriganitamu, Studien zue Indologie and Iranistik, Hefft, 13/14 (1987), 163-176. 6. V.P. Sastri (ed.) Sarasamgraha-ganitamu, (of Mallana), Part-1, Tirupati, 1952 (s.V.O.R.S. No. 38) (metioned by S.R. Sharma). Received: 10.06.02 102 * R-20, Rasbahar Colony, Jhansi-284 003 arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002

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arhat vaca kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura TippaNI- 3 jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kA eka gatizIla kendra holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 10 jUna 1891 meM sthApita holkara mahAvidyAlaya varSa 2002 meM apanI sthApanA ke 111 varSa pUrNa kara cukA hai| isa dIrghAvadhi meM isa mahAvidyAlaya ne zodha evaM anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM aneka pratimAna sthApita kiye haiN| samprati isa zAsakIya holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya ko madhyapradeza ke Adarza, utkRSTa mahAvidyAlaya kA darjA prApta hai evaM rASTrIya mUlyAMkana evaM pratyAyana pariSada (NAAC) dvArA bhI ise kI zreNI pradAna kI gaI hai| # zreNika baMDI mahAvidyAlaya ke yazasvI gaNita vibhAga meM Special Functions kSetra meM to zodha kArya hotA hI hai, prAcIna bhAratIya gaNita evaM gaNita itihAsa ke kSetra meM zlAghanIya kArya ho rahA hai| 1987 meM sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha (zodha saMsthAna), indaura ke AmaMtraNa para bhArata padhAre jApAna ke gunmA vizvavidyAlaya ke prAdhyApaka pro. yozimAzA citra meM pro. micivAkI vyAkhyAna dete hue evaM samIpa unakI putrI ku. mutsuko miciyAkI micivAkI 9 janavarI jyAmitIya AkRti banAte huI 1990 ko prAtaH 11.00 baje On the resemblence between Indian, Chinese and Japanese Mathematics para vyAkhyAna dene hetu gaNita vibhAga meM pdhaare| isa vyAkhyAna meM prAcIna bhAratIya gaNitajJoM vizeSataH jaina gaNitajJoM dvArA prayukta jyAmitIya saMracanAoM kI jApAnI gaNitajJoM dvArA prayukta jyAmitIya saMracanAoM meM sAmya kI vivecanA kI gii| * 103

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isa vyAkhyAna meM mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya, gaNita vibhAga ke aneka prAdhyApaka - pro. dube, maiM (pro. zreNika baMDI), pro. pramilA khAbiyA to maujUda the hI, mahAvidyAlaya ke aneka tatkAlIna zikSaka evaM pUrva zikSaka bhI maujUda the| nimnAMkita citra meM pro. vI.ke. nilotse, pro. Ara. ena. jaina, pro. e.jI. phaDanIza, pro. rAbarTa, pro. dhArapure, pro. uSA guptA, pro. Dhobale, pro. kumuda mizrA, pro. saksenA, kundakunda jJAnapITha ke yazasvI adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla, zrI mahArAjAbahAdurasiMha kAsalIvAla, zrI kailAzacanda caudharI evaM DaoN. anupama jaina (mAnada saciva) (samprati isI mahAvidyAlaya meM padastha) dikhAI de rahe haiN| mahAvidyAlaya ke gaNita vibhAga ke prAdhyApaka pro. maheza dube kI bhAratIya gaNita evaM gaNita itihAsa meM prArambha se hI rUci rahI hai| prasiddha jaina gaNitajJa AcArya mahAvIra para Apake nimna 2 zodha patra prakAzita hue haiM - 1. kavi aura gaNitajJa - mahAvIrAcArya, arhat vacana (indaura), 3(1), janavarI 1991, 1-26. 2. Mahaviracarya : The Poet and the Mathematician, Mathematical Spectrum (London), 1998, pp. 1-6. sAtha hI varSa 2000 meM ema.esasI. kI eka chAtrA ku. razmi jaina ko Apane projekTa bhI likhAI - Mahaviracarya and his Mathematical Works. mahAvidyAlaya ke gaNita vibhAga meM 1995 se padastha DaoN. anupama jaina kI vizeSajJatA kA kSetra hI 'jaina gaNita' hai| 1980 meM ema.phila. projekTa riporTa evaM usake pazcAta apanA zodha prabandha 'gaNita ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna viSaya para prastuta kara Apane pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi arjita kI hai| vibhAga meM padAMkana ke uparAnta Apane ema.phila. evaM ema.esasI. kI nimna 4 projekTsa hetu nirdezana kArya kiyA - 1. yogendra zarmA, zrIdharAcArya, M.Phil. Project (caudharI caraNasiMha vi.vi.), meraTha, 1996. 2. prazAnta tilavanakara, Sidharacarya, The Man & the Mathematician, 2000. 3. Swati Agnihotri, Acarya Nemicandra and his Mathematical Contribution, 2001. 4. Arti Agrawal, An Introduction to Indian Mathematics including Vedic Mathematics (to be submitted in 2003). Apane caudharI caraNasiMha vizvavidyAlaya meM 2001 meM prastuta mamatA agravAla ke zodha prabandha kA nirdezana kiyaa| tathA samprati zrI dipaka jAdhava, zrImatI pragati jaina, zrImatI nItU baMsala evaM zrI ena. zivakumAra kA kArya pragati para hai| Apa maisUra vi.vi. (1998), bhAratIya rASTrIya vijJAna akAdamI (2001), LI.T., Kanpur (2002) Adi meM bhI vyAkhyAna jaina gaNita para prastuta kara cuke haiN| Apake aneka zodha patra bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya ke saMyukta tatvAvadhAna meM mahilA saMgaThana, indaura dvArA Ayojita saMgoSThI (2002) meM vibhAga kI zrImatI kalpanA medhAvata ne 'vakSAlI hastalipi - eka anucintana zodha Alekha kA vAcana bhI kiyA jisameM mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya pro. narendra dhAkar3a kI upasthiti ullekhanIya rhii| isase spaSTa hai ki mahAvidyAlaya kA gaNita vibhAga jaina gaNita ke adhyayana ke viziSTa kendra ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahA hai| * prAdhyApaka - gaNita, holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura 104 arhat vacana, 14(2-3), 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura TippaNI - 4 zruta paMcamI aise manAyeM -lAlacandra jaina 'rAkeza* "zruta paMcamI" jaina saMskRti kA mahAparva hai| tIrthaMkaroM aura guruoM ke parva to varSa meM kaI bAra Ate haiM kintu mAM jinavANI kA yaha parva to varSa meM eka bAra hI AtA hai tathA prativarSa jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko manAyA jAtA hai| isakA sIdhA sambandha zrutAvatAra ke mahanIya itihAsa se hai| yaha parva jJAna kI ArAdhanA kA saMdeza detA hai, zruta ke avataraNa, saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana kI yAda dilAtA hai tathA hamArI supta cetanA ko jAgRta karatA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha jJAna kA parva hai| ata: ise hama "jJAna paMcamI' bhI kaha sakate hai| jaina saMskRti meM "zruta" ko pUjyatA kA pada prApta hai| ise zruta devI/zruta devatA yA jinavANI mAtA kahate haiN| ise ratnopAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| zruta kA prabhAva anupama hai| zruta jJAna samyagdarzana kA nimitta hai| isake parizIlana se padArtha ke bodha ke sAtha hI hitAhita kA jJAna bhI prApta hotA hai| hitAnubaMdhI jJAna se sanmArga meM pravRtta huA vyakti zAzvatika, nirAkula sukha ko bhI pA letA hai| satya to yaha hai ki zruta devI/zruta jJAna hI hamArA kalyANa karane vAlA hai, usake Azraya se hI kevalajJAna ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| zruta jJAna kA mahatva batalAte huye kahA gayA hai ki "jJAna kI apekSA zruta jJAna tathA kevala jJAna donoM hI sadRza haiM parantu donoM meM aMtara yahI hai ki zruta jJAna parokSa hai aura kevala jJAna pratyakSa hai|" padmanandI AcArya ke anusAra "jo zruta kI upAsanA karate haiM, ve arahaMta kI hI upAsanA karate haiM kyoMki zruta aura Apta meM kucha bhI aMtara nahIM hai isaliye sarasvatI kI pUjana sAkSAt kevalI bhagavAna kI pUjana hai|" kisI kavi ne ThIka kahA hai, "jinavANI jina saarkhii|" zAstroM meM zrata kI apUrva mahimA kA gAna karate huye likhA hai ki - zrute bhaktiH zrute bhakti: zrute bhakti sadAstu mH| sajjAnameva saMsAra vAraNaM mokSa kaarnns| janma - jarA - mRtu kSaya karai, harai kunaya jdd'riiti| bhava-sAgara sau le tire, pUjau jina vaca priiti|| zruta paMcamI aise manAyeM - aise mahAparva para hamAre kyA kartavya / uttaradAyitva ho jAte haiM, unakA saMkSipta digdarzana hI isa Alekha kA viSaya hai| 1. hamAre pUrvaja, pUrvAcAryoM dvArA likhita jinavANI ko tAr3apatra/ bhojapatra/kAgaja para likhakara / likhavA kara jinAlayoM meM virAjamAna karate rahe haiN| bar3e-bar3e zaharoM se lekara choTe se choTe sudUravartI grAmoM ke jinAlayoM meM bhI unakI pANDulipiyAM vidyamAna haiM, jinameM hamArI saMskRti, itihAsa evaM AcAra - vicAra kI amUlya dharohara surakSita hai| hameM cAhiye ki isa dharohara kI surakSA evaM pracAra - prasAra ke liye isa parva para hama kaTibaddha hoN| unake purAne veSTana badala kara, prAsuka karake, puna: navIna veSTanoM meM bAMdha kara, veSTana ke bAhara graMtha kA nAma aMkita kara unheM surakSita, sIlana rahita sthAna para virAjamAna kreN| 2. kAgaja kI pANDulipiyoM ke donoM ora majabUta kAgaja ke puDhe lagAyeM tathA tAr3apatrIya / bhojapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ko donoM tarapha lakar3I ke paTiye (paTiye kucha bar3e hoM) lagA kara, veSTana meM bAMdha kara alaga - alaga khAnoM meM rkheN| arhata vacana. 14 (2-3). 2002 105

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3. sampUrNa graMthoM kI sUcI kA eka rajisTara bhI bnaayeN| 4. pANDulipiyoM / graMthoM ko rakhane ke liye lohe kI alamAriyoM kA upayoga kreN| lakar3I kI alamAriyoM se ye adhika surakSita haiN| 5. veSTana satI hoM. raMga lAla yA pIlA ho| lAla raMga para sUrya - tApa kA duSprabhAva nahIM par3atA tathA pIlA raMga kITANu nirodhaka hotA hai| 6. veSTana ko kasa kara bAMdhanA cAhie tAki uThAne - rakhane meM graMtha ko kSati nahIM phuNce| 7. Aja ke mudraNa pradhAna yuga meM hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna nahIM jaataa| ve upekSita hokara cUhoM aura dImakoM kI bhojya bana rahI haiN| hameM unakA lemInezana karA kara, mAikro philma banavA kara, bindu kramAMka eka-do ke anusAra unakI surakSA karanA caahiye| 8. yadi pANDulipiyoM / prAcIna granthoM kI uktAnusAra Apake yahAM surakSA vyavasthA saMbhava na ho to kRpayA unheM kisI pANDulipi saMrakSaNa kendra ko sAdara samarpita kara deM tAki ve surakSita raha skeN| 9. Aja ke isa mudraNa pradhAna yuga meM prAcIna, hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM granthoM ko koI par3hanA nahIM cAhatA, unake par3hane kI yogyatA bhI sAmAnya janoM meM nahIM hai, yahAM taka ki navIna pIr3hI ke vidvAna bhI unake par3hane meM arUci evaM asamarthatA prakaTa karate haiN| aisI sthiti meM pANDulipi prazikSaNa ziviroM kA Ayojana hitakara hogaa| isa "jJAna yajJa" ke liya sAdhu, vidvAna, zrutasevI saMsthAyeM evaM jinavANI bhakta zreSThI varga Age AyeM aura isa jJAna kI saMcita nidhi ko vilupta hone se bcaayeN| 10. ina ziviroM ke mAdhyama se graMthAgAroM kI pANDulipiyoM kA sUcIkaraNa, prazikSaNa, granthoM kA sampAdana tathA prakAzana jaise kArya bhI saralatA se ho skegeN| 11. pratyeka jinAlaya meM bar3I saMkhyA meM mudrita / hastalikhita / prAcIna / navIna grantha pAye jAte haiM kintu surakSA, rakha- rakhAva kA na to hameM jJAna hai aura na dhyaan| phalata: graMtha zIghra phaTa jAte haiM, kIr3e laga jAte haiM, cUhe kATa jAte haiM, unheM dImaka caTa kara jAtI hai yA ve sar3a - gala jAte haiN| ata: unakI surakSA ke liye alpakAlIna / dainika upAya nimnAnusAra hai - 1. pustakoM / graMthoM ko sadA svaccha / zuddha hAthoM se hI uThAye evaM rkheN| 2. pustakoM / graMthoM ko dhUli evaM gaMdagI se bcaayeN| unakI sAptAhika, mAsika, traimAsika, vArSika jaise bhI saMbhava aura Avazyaka ho, saphAI kI vyavasthA kreN| hamAre pUrvajoM ne zrutapaMcamI parva jinavANI kI surakSA Adi ke liye hI niyata kiyA hai| surakSA bhI jinavANI kI pUjA kA eka aMga hai| 3. pustakoM / granthoM ke sAtha jIvita mAnava (jinavANI mAtA) jaisA vyavahAra kreN| ata: alamAriyAM parI baMda na kareM, kacha havA Ane deM yA kabhI - kabhI khola kara rkheN| 4. pustakoM ke rakhane kA sthAna na to adhika garma ho, na adhika ThaMDA na, na sIlana bharA ho, prAsuka / nirjaMtuka ho| ata: pustakoM ko bhItarI kakSa meM rakhanA caahiye| 5. pustakoM para sUrya kI tIvra kiraNeM sIdhI nahIM par3anA cAhiye isase kAgaja kI Ayu kama ho jAtI hai| maMda tApa/prakAza ke liye khir3akI/rozanadAna ke kA~coM para raMga karA denA caahiye| 6. pustakeM ko patthara yA dIvAla se saTA kara na rakheM, sIlana A sakatI hai| 7. pustakeM rakhane ke sthAna para agala-bagala - sAmane kAgaja lagA kara phira pustakeM rkheN| 106 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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8. pustakeM alamArI meM khar3I rakheM, eka dama lUMsa-ThUsa kara na rakheM anyathA pustakoM ko nikAlane aura rakhane meM asuvidhA hogii| pustakeM ragar3a se phaTa sakatI haiM, unakI jilda ukhar3a sakatI hai| 9. pustakeM Ar3I, eka ke Upara eka na rakheM kyoMki bIca meM se pustaka nikAlane meM asuvidhA hogii| 10. atyanta mahatvapUrNa pustakoM ko surakSita rakhane ke liye pRthaka se majabUta puDhe ke baoNksa banAye jA sakate haiN| 11. granthAlayoM meM yA unake Asa-pAsa khAdya padArtha tathA cikanAI vAle padArtha nahIM honA caahiye| maMdiroM kI pustakeM ina padArthoM ke kAraNa cUhe kATa jAte haiN| 12. nIma ke sUkhe patte alamAriyoM meM pustakoM ke bIca bichA kara pustakoM ko dImaka, sapheda kIr3oM Adi se bacAyA jA sakatA hai| 13. candana ke burAde kI poTalI bhI alamArI meM pratyeka khAne meM pustakoM kI surakSA hetu rakhI jA sakatI hai| 14. pustakoM ke uThAte- rakhate evaM par3hate samaya sAvadhAnI rkheN| adhika moTI pustake par3hate/kholate samaya unheM donoM ora koI sahArA deM tAki unakI jilda surakSita rhe| lakar3I ke upakaraNa isa hetu bAjAra meM upalabdha haiN| 15. pustakoM para jilda car3hAne se unakA jIvana dIrgha ho jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM, granthoM kI racanA bar3e kaSTa se kI jAtI hai| eka mUrti ke TUTane/naSTa hone para usa jaisI dUsarI mUrti bana sakatI hai| kintu eka prAcIna graMtha / pANDulipi naSTa hone para vaisA dUsarA graMtha taiyAra nahIM ho sktaa| ata: inakI yatna pUrvaka jala - vAyu- agni, mUSaka tathA coroM se rakSA karanA caahiye| kahA bhI hai - kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM, yatnena pripaalyet| udakAnala caurebhyo, mUSakebhyo hutaashnaat|| tailAda rakSejjalAd rakSed rakSaicchithila bNdhnaat| mUrkha haste na dAnavyam evaM vadati pustkm|| 16. "zruta paMcamI" jJAna aura jJAna ke ArAdhakoM ke sammAna kA parva hai| ata: jina vidvAnoM ne anathaka zrama karake pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM raha kara bhI granthoM kA sampAdana, anuvAdana, lekhana, saMrakSaNa Adi kArya kara mAM jinavANI kI apUrva sevA kI hai unheM Aja sammAnita puraskRta kiyA jAnA cAhiye athavA jo sarasvatI sevaka abhAvoM kA jIvana jI rahe haiM unheM Arthika sahayoga dekara unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karanA caahiye| 17. samAja meM prativarSa saikar3oM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAoM evaM gajaratha mahotsavoM meM karor3oM kI dhanarAzi vyaya kI jAtI hai usakA yA usameM se kucha aMza kA upayoga Agamika granthoM ke prakAzanAdi kAryoM para vyaya karane kA prAvadhAna honA caahiye| 18. hamArI samAja meM na to zreSThiyoM kI kamI hai aura na udAradAniyoM kI, kamI hai unheM sahI mArga darzana kii| sAdhu samAja apane viveka aura prabhAva kA upayoga kara jinavANI ke saMrakSaNa evaM prasAra kI aguAI kara sakate haiN| pUjya zrI 108 upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI kA yogadAna isa kSetra meM prazaMsanIya hai| * pUrva prAcArya prApta : 22.5.01 neharU cauka, galI naM. 4, gaMjabAsodA (ji. vidizA) arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 107

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arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) TippaNI - 5 dhyAna eka yAtrA (a) jJAta ke usa pAra - DaoN. ena.ena. sacadeva* 'dhyAna' (Meditation) na kevala bhArata, balki yUropa va amerIkA meM bhI lokapriya ho gayA hai| Aja tanAva jIvana kA eka aMga bana gayA hai| usase mukti pAne ke liye (Astika tathA nAstika) kisI bhI dharma meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle athavA mata-matAntara se dUra rahane vAle logoM ne ise svIkAra kara liyA hai| 'dhyAna praNAlI' sikhAnA eka bar3A vyavasAya bana gayA hai| yaha Aya kA itanA bar3A srota bana gayA hai ki ina logoM kI ginatI vizva ke gine-cune dhanI varga meM AtI hai| devatva kI paribhASA mAnava samajha ke pare haiN| isI prakAra dhyAna kyA hai? ise zabdoM meM DhAlanA itanA sarala nahIM hai| maiM ise sAdhanA mAnatA hU~, yaha athAha hai| isake anaginata pahalU hai, vAstava meM yaha samajha ke pare hai| bhinna-bhinna loga apanI-apanI taraha se bhinna-bhinna prakAra se samajhate- samajhAte haiM, jaise prAcIna kAla ke yogI tathA sUphI samAdhi meM pahu~ca jAte the, isI taraha dhyAna bhI manuSya ko isa avasthA meM le jAne kA prayAsa hai| manovaijJAnika bhASA meM ise selpha hipnoTijma (Self Hypnotism) bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| aisI avasthA kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI A jAya to use anubhava to kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna kisI uddezya va vastu prApti kA AdhAra nahIM ho sktaa| apane Apako jAnane tathA samajhane kA mAdhyama kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka manovaijJAnika yAtrA hai jo isa samajha aura sUjhabUjha ke pAra lagAne kA prayAsa hai aura sAMsArika yAtrAoM kI bhAMti AnandadAyaka hai tathA jIvana lakSya ko nagaNya kara detI hai| yaha svayaM ekAkI satsaMga hai| Astika tathA devatva meM vizvAsu logoM ke liye apane iSTa deva se sIdhA samparka karane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtI hai| jaba koI samAdhi kI avasthA meM pahuMca jAtA hai, taba aisA lagatA hai ki samaya ruka gayA hai va ananta se jur3a gayA hai| "maiM" kI bhAvanA lupta ho jAtI hai, dekhane meM to caitanya avasthA hai, parantu vAstava meM pUrNa jAgrata nahIM hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki koI antazakti jAgrata ho jAtI hai| parantu yaha avasthA caramotkarSa Ananda kI ullAsa taraMgeM utpanna kara detI hai, jisakI koI sImA nahIM, koI paryAya nhiiN| unnIsavIM sadI ke vizva prasiddha urda kavi 'gAliba' ne isa avasthA ko ina zabdoM meM DhAlA "hama vahA~ hai, jahA~ se hamako bhI kucha hamArI khabara nahIM AtI" kisI vastu, jyoti kI lau, bindu zabda athavA maMtra dhyAna ko kendrita karane meM tathA apane mana ko bAhya saMsAra se alaga - alaga, kSaNabhara ke liye yAdoM se pare jAne va zUnya avasthA meM pahu~cane ke liye, abhyAsa, vizvAsa tathA zraddhA kI AvazyakatA hai| jIvana meM tanAva ke sAtha - sAtha sahaja jIvana Aja ke yuga meM saMbhava nahIM hai| dhyAna, eka aisI kalA hai jisake mahatva ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA, isaliye ise dhyAna kA pracAra karane vAle va sikhAne vAle kaise bhI hoM, cAhe paise ke liye hoM, Aja ke samAja meM unheM mAnyatA dene meM koI Apatti nahIM honA caahie| isa saMdarbha meM dekhA jAya to isa mAnava ke hita meM ve prazaMsanIya bhUmikA hI nibhA rahe haiN| anuvAdaka - ela.esa. AcArya prApta : 02.07.2001 * devaloka, nyU palAsiyA, indaura - 452001 10A arhata vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura TippaNI dharma aura vijJAna # jatanalAla rAmapuriyA * dharma nirAkAra hai, zraddhA use AkAra detI hai| dharma agocara hai, zraddhA usakI sattA kA bodha karAtI hai| dharma nirmala hRdaya se niHsRta bhAvoM kI pavitratA hai, zraddhA use sthUla kriyAoM meM abhivyakta karatI hai| eka bindu para pahuMcakara hara manuSya usa bAta ko dharma mAna letA hai jahAM zraddhA use sthira karatI hai| isalie dharma ke saMdarbha meM zraddhA bIja rUpa hai / ciMtana ke kSitija para eka par3Ava aisA bhI AtA hai jahAM na vijJAna kAma karatA hai na tarka zaraNa detI hai| zraddhA hI vahAM manuSya ko bhaTakane se bacAtI hai| para bIja ko vRkSa kA rUpa lene ke lie AvaraNa cAhie miTTI kA poSaNa cAhie pAnI kA / zraddhA kA bIja bhI icchita phala taba detA hai jaba use zodha kI urvara dharatI mile aura sAtha hI jijJAsA kA amRta pAnI / akelI zraddhA chadma bheSa meM aMdhAnukaraNa kI vRtti hai| prathama AvRtti meM vaha vyakti ke maulika ciMtana ko avarUddha karatI hai| asahiSNutA, vighaTana, hiMsA aura dhvaMsa usakI aMtima aura anivArya pariNatiyAM haiN| - 6 jijJAsA aura zodha kI vRtti jJAna ke prathama sopAna haiN| ina para ArUr3ha jJAna kI pUrNAhuti vijJAna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samyak jJAna ko apanI AdhyAtma yAtrA kA Adibindu bAnA / "samyak" zabda pUrNatA kA dyotaka hai| samyak jJAna kI paribhASA bhI isalie utanI hI vyApaka hai aura isa paribhASA meM vijJAna kI paribhASA samAhita hai| AdhyAtma kI sAdhanA jJAna ke samyaktva ke binA nahIM hotI aura jJAna kA samyaktva jar3a aura cetana - donoM ke guNa dharma samajhe binA nahIM sadhatA / yaha saMpUrNa sRSTi eka hI sUtra se saMcAlita hai isalie puNya aura pApa kI gutthiyoM ko dravya jagata aura bhAva jagata donoM kI gaharAiyoM meM utarakara hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| isa pratipAdana ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AdhyAtma ke kSetra meM saMpUrNa eka nayA adhyAya kholaa| Reason aura Logic ko sAmane rakhakara unhoMne eka vaijJAnika kI paddhati se kriyA aura pratikriyA ke aTUTa sambandhoM kI AdhyAtma ke dharAtala se vyAkhyA kI / yahI unakA anUThApana thaa| unhoMne dekhA ki Atma jagata kI jaTilatAoM kA vizleSaNa padArtha jagata ghana parikramA ke binA saMbhava nhiiN| isIlie sampUrNa bramhANDa meM vyApta isa sRSTi ke niyAmaka jina sAta tatvoM kA jaina dharma meM gahana vivecana hai "ajIva" unameM se eka hai| jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina nava padArthoM meM ajIva kA ullekha akAraNa nahIM balki prayojanavaza hai rUpa meM jIva kI vyAkhyA hai| ajIva ko jAne binA jIva kA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM hotA aura ajIva evaM jIva donoM ke antaraMga avalokana ke binA jJAna pAradarzI nahIM bntaa| binA pAradarzI jJAna ke dharma pAradarzI nahIM banatA / kyoMki ajIva kI paribhASA hI parokSa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isIlie vijJAna kI pRSThabhUmi se AdhyAtma kI khoja kI aura AdhyAtma ke aMtaraMga meM vijJAna ko dekhaa| ina donoM ke vilaya meM unhoMne satya ke darzana kie aura apane jIvana ko janma aura mRtyu ke hetuoM kI talasparzI mImAMsA karane kI prayogazAlA bnaayaa| AdhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya kA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha sUtra hameM kisa naye kSitija para le calatA hai, samprati hamArI vArtA isI ke vizleSaNa para kendrita hai| arhata vacana 14 (2-3). 2002 109

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dharma kA satya aura vijJAna kA satya milakara jisa satya ko udghATita karate haiM usa taka pahuMcane meM svayaM ko pravRtta karanA hI AdhyAtma kI yAtrA hai| pratyakSata: vijJAna kevala bhautika cIjoM kI saccAiyoM kA jAnane kA upakrama hai| para unake saMdhAna - anusaMdhAna kI prakriyA meM vaha samyak jJAna kA vAhaka banatA hai aura isa prakAra apanI aMtima pariNati meM AdhyAtma kI rAha prazasta karatA hai| dharma aura vijJAna donoM kA lakSya satya kI zodha hai| dharma kA viSaya AtmA ke satya ko jAnanA hai, vijJAna kA padArtha jagata ke satya ko| dharma adRzya ko sparza karane kA prayatna karatA hai, vijJAna agamya ko gamya banAne kaa| donoM gUr3ha se agUr3ha kI ora prasthAna ke prayAsa haiM, isalie donoM ke pravAha kI dizA eka hai| isa dRSTi se donoM ekArthaka haiN| apane carama utkarSa para saMbhavata: eka dUsare ke paryAya bhii| sahacara to hai isalie donoM kI samarasa ArAdhanA hI gaMtavya taka pahuMcane kA sabase teja vAhana hai| dharma kA udbhava zraddhA janita nhiiN| prAraMbha meM dharma kI kalpanA ke pIche bhI vijJAna kI hI taraha buddhi, viveka, vicAra, tarka, hetu, prayojana, yukti, kAraNa aura nyAya hI rahe haiN| inake AdhAra para dharma kI jo paribhASA banI, kAlAntara meM usakI galata vyAkhyAyeM huii| phalasvarUpa dharma meM visaMgatiyoM aura vikRtiyoM kA samAveza huaa| samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna ke abhAva ne una vikRtiyoM ko dharma kA paridhAna pahanA diyaa| kucha kA Agraha rahA aura kucha kA ajJAna, jaba donoM mile to viveka aura yukti kI jagaha zraddhA ne le lii| samaya bItatA gyaa| zraddhA ke Asana para andha zraddhA kaba ArUr3ha huI patA hI nahIM claa| dRSTi Asana para hI aTakI rahI aura hama bhaTaka gye| kevala dharma kI nahIM, ina pRSThoM para vijJAna kI bAta bhI hama sAtha lekara cale the| eka bAra phira lauTate haiM usa pr| dharma kI taraha vijJAna bhI samyakdarzana kI sAdhanA hai, samyakjJAna kI ArAdhanA hai| vijJAna viveka aura yukti ko kabhI chor3atA nahIM aura isalie apane patha se kabhI bhaTakatA nhiiN| phalata: usameM visaMgatiyoM aura vikRtiyoM kA praveza nahIM hotaa| dharma aura vijJAna meM yahI eka mUlabhUta antara banatA hai aura isa antara ko miTAnA hama sabakA dAyitva hai| AdhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya kA sUtra jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ne diyA vaha hameM isI bindu para pahuMcAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samyak jJAna ko dharma kI AdhArabhUmi maanaa| Aja kA vijJAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samyakjJAna ke vizAla sAmrAjya kA hI eka aMga hai aura isalie vaha dharma kA bhI eka aMga hai| hamArI ciMtana dhArA vijJAna ke sAtha AtmasAt hokara cale yahI iSTa hai| dharma ke rUpa meM usakA abhinna aMga banakara pala rahI vikRtiyoM kA jaba hama sahI AMkalana kregeN| yaha AMkalana hameM nirlipta nirapekSa hokara nahIM baiThane degaa| unakI parizuddhi hetu taba hamAre satata prayAsa, apane aMtima caraNa meM, dharma ke jisa svarUpa ko sAmane lAyeMge vahI saccA dharma hogA - vimukta, anAvRta aura anaacchaadit| taba kahIM ekAnta nahIM rahegA, taba kahI dveta nahIM rahegA, taba kahIM dvedha nahIM rhegaa| taba vahIM koI sampradAya bhI nahIM rhegaa| taba kevala dharma rahegA - nirbandha, nirAvaraNa aura nirvishossnn|| yaha ahiMsA, satya aura aparigraha kA dharma hogA, yaha anekAnta aura anAgraha kA dharma hogA, yaha dayA aura karUNA kA dharma hogaa| yaha manuSya kA dharma hogA aura isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ko isa bAta kI apekSA nahIM hogI ki yaha dharma unake dharma ke nAma se jAnA jaay| prApta : 08.03.02 * eDavokeTa, 15, nUramala lohiyA lena, kolakAtA-7 110 arhat vacana, 14 (2 -3), 2002

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arhat vaca kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, TippaNI - 7 jaina gaNita ko samarpita sAdhvI AryikA zrI vizuddhamatI mAtAjI # DaoN. anupama jaina * bIsavIM zatAbdI jaina gaNita ke adhyayana ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| 1908-1912 meM mahAvIrAcArya kRta 'gaNita sAra saMgraha' ke prakAza meM Ane se bhAratIya gaNita kI zAkhA 'jaina gaNita' kI ora vizva samudAya kA dhyAna AkRSTa huaa| madhyapradeza meM jabalapura jile ke rIThI nAmaka choTe se grAma meM caitra zuklA tRtIyA, saMvat 1986, tadanusAra 12 apraila 1929 ko samatAbhAvI aura sadAcArI sadgRhastha zrI lakSmaNalAla siMghaI ke yahA~ pAMcavIM santAna ke rUpa meM jaba eka bAlikA kA janma huA taba ghara aura bAhara kisI ko bhI yaha kalpanA taka nahIM thI ki eka dina yaha bAlikA agAdha Agama jJAna prApta karake kaThera tapa kI sAdhanA karatI huI, sva- para kalyANa ke patha para ArUr3ha apanI paryAya kI utkRSTa upalabdhi arjita karegI / prasiddha jaina vidvAna zrI nIraja jaina (satanA) evaM zrI nirmala jaina (satanA) kI sagI bahana sumitrAjI hI dIkSoparAnta AryikA vizuddhamatIjI bniiN| viduSI AryikA pUjya zrI vizuddhamatI mAtAjI ne 14 agasta 1964 ko mokSa saptamI ke dina parama pUjya AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI mahArAja se AryikA dIkSA prApta kI thI, phira 25 varSa kI satata tapasyA ke mAdhyama se unhoMne apanI sAdhanA kA bhavya bhavana bnaayaa| usake uparAnta 12 varSa kI sallekhanA lekara kaThora sAdhanA karate hue unhoMne apane usa puNya bhavana para uttuMga zikhara kA nirmANa kiyA jo apane Apa meM eka anokhA udAharaNa thaa| ina bAraha varSoM meM kramaza: eka eka vastu tyAgate hue san 1998 ke cAturmAsa se eka dina ke antara se aura san 2002 ke cAturmAsa se do dina ke antara se AhAra lekara unhoMne utkRSTa samAdhi - sAdhanA kA apratima udAharaNa prastuta kiyA / anta meM kevala jala hI unakI isa paryAya kA AdhAra thA jise unhoMne 16 janavarI 2002 ko jIvanaparyanta ke liye tyAga diyA aura aMtima chaha divasa mAtAjI ne nirjala vyatIta kiye| arhata vacana 14 (23) 2002 111

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pUjya mAtAjI dvArA viracita vAMgamaya nimnavat hai * bhASA TIkAeM: 1. siddhAntacakravartI nemicandrAcArya viracita trilokasAra ttiikaa| 2. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti viracita siddhAntasAradIpaka ttiikaa| 3. yativRSabhAcArya viracita tiloyapaNNattI hindI TIkA (tIna khaNDoM meM) 4. kSapaNAsAra 5. amitagati nisaMgayogirAja viracita yogasAra prAbhRta (praznottarI TIkA) 6. maraNakaNDikA ( praznottarI TIkA ) * maulika racanAeM 1. zrutanikuMja ke kiMcit prasUna 4. Ananda kI paddhati ahiMsA * praznottara lekhana : 1. dharmapravezikA praznottara mAlA 4. iSTopadeza * saMkalana - sampAdana : 1. vatyuvijjA (khaNDa 1 2. vatthuvijjA (khaNDa 2 3. zramaNacaryA 4. samAdhidIpaka 5. dIpAvalI pUjana vidhi 6. zrAvaka sumana saMcaya 7. stotra saMgraha 8. zrAvaka sopAna 9. AryikA AryikA hai 112 2. guru gaurava 5. nirmAlya grahaNa pApa hai 10. saMskAra jyoti 11. pAkSika zrAvaka pratikramaNa sAmAyika vidhi - 2. dharmodyota praznottara mAlA 3. chahaDhAlA 5. svarUpasambodhanapaMcaviMza gRhazilpa) maMdirazilpa ) 3. zrAvaka sopAna aura bAraha bhAvanA 6. kevatI vidhAna 12 vRhad sAmAyika pATha evaM vratI zrAvaka pratikramaNa 13. AcArya zAntisAgarajI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvanavRtta 14. rAtrika / daivasika pratikramaNa (anvayArtha sahita ) 15. pAkSikAdi pratikramaNa karaNAnuyoga ke bahupratiSThita grantha 'triloka sAra kI hindI TIkA ke 1974 meM prakAzana ke sAtha hI jaina gaNita ke kSetra meM eka abhAva kI pUrti huii| isake uparAnta Apane karaNAnuyoga ke hI ati prAcIna grantha, AcArya yativRSabha kRta 'tiloyapaNNatti' ke sampAdana ke kAma ko hastagata kiyA / 1981 meM udayapura jAne ke uparAnta pUrva prakAzita tiloyapaNNatti grantha kI TIkA kA kArya hAtha meM liyaa| vAstava meM mAtAjI kI bhAvanA tiloyapaNNatti ke gaNitIya bhAga ke vivecana kI hI thii| unhoMne svayaM likhA hai 'pUrva sampAdakadvaya evaM hindI kartA vidvAnoM ke zrama ke phala ko surakSita rakhane ke liye grantha kA mAtra gaNita bhAga spaSTa karanA hai, anya kisI viSaya ko sparza karanA nahIM hai|' pUjya mAtAjI ke isI nirNaya ke kAraNa ApakI TIkA gaNitajJoM ke liye vizeSa mahatva kI bana gii| mujhe yaha likhate hue prasannatA evaM gaurava kI anubhUti ho rahI hai ki pro. lakSmIcandra jaina (jabalapura) ke sAtha bhujhe bhI tiloyapaNNatti TIkA ke sampAdana kI prakriyA meM udayapura meM isake gaNitIya bhAga ko dekhane kA avasara prApta huaa| 16. vAstuvijJAna paricaya 17. nityaniyamapUjA 18. zAntidharma pradIpa 19. nArI bano sadAcArI 20. mahAvIrakIrti smRti grantha eka anuzIlana 21. aise the cAritra cakravartI 22. cAritra cakravartI AcArya zAntisAgara caritra mAtAjI kI uparokta TIkA meM pUrva TIkA se atirikta 115 gAthAyeM 90 citra 95 tAlikAyeM sammilita haiN| isa TIkA ke mAdhyama se aneka gaNitIya gutthiyA~ sulajhI haiN| pUjya mAtAjI ke prati hama sabhI jaina gaNita ke adhyetAoM kI ora se vinamra shrddhaaNjli| * gaNita vibhAga - holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura - 452017 arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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saMkSipta AkhyA arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra 2001 samarpaNa samAroha kekar3I, 26.5.2002 -jayasena jaina* rAjasthAna prAnta ke ajamera janapada ke antargata kekar3I zahara meM sarAkoddhAraka saMta paramapUjya upAdhyAyaratna zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kI preraNA se zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha dvArA pravartita zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2001 kA samarpaNa samAroha 26 maI 2002 ko bhavya samAroha meM sampanna huaa| kekar3I (rAja.) meM navanirmita bhavya jinAlaya kI vedI pratiSThA evaM zrI majjinendra paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava ke aMtima dina mokSa kalyANaka ke samApana ke pazcAt pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI va muni zrI indranandijI ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM Ayojita isa samAroha ke pramukha atithi kendrIya vastra rAjyamaMtrI zrI vI. dhanaMjayakumAra the| viziSTa atithi ke rUpa meM sthAnIya vidhAyaka evaM samAja ke variSTha samAjasevI bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita the| - maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke guru pUjya AcArya zrI 108 sumatisAgarajI mahArAja ke citra ke samakSa atithigaNoM ne dIpa prajjavalita kiyaa| pazcAt DaoN. anupama jaina dvArA saMkalita evaM saMpAdita zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha dvArA pradatta puraskAroM kI paricAyikA, anya graMthoM evaM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' dvArA likhita jaina saMskRti koza ke 3 khaNDoM tathA 'sanmativANI' mAsika kA vimocana sampanna huaa| pramukha atithi kendrIya maMtrI zrI vI. dhanaMjayakamAra ne pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue kahA ki pUjya upAdhyAyazrI dvArA jaina dharma kI apUrva prabhAvanA ho rahI hai| deza ke pUrvI kSetra sthita prAMtoM ke nivAsI sarAka bandhuoM ke uddhAra evaM unheM jaina dharma ke anusaraNa hetu prerita karane hetu pUjya upAdhyAyazrI ne jo abhUtapUrva prayAsa kiye haiM, ve zlAghanIya haiN| zramaNa saMskRti ke anya sAdhakoM ko bhI isa kSetra meM Age Akara sahayoga denA caahiye| unhoMne Age kahA ki vizva meM jaina dharma hI eka aisA dharma hai jisake siddhAntoM para cala kara vizva zAMti saMbhava hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa hetu sarakAra ne 100 karor3a ru. AbaMTita kara hamAre jaina dharma kA sammAna hI kiyA hai, dharma prabhAvanA ke kSetra meM isa rAzi kA bharapUra sadupayoga kiyA jAnA caahiye| pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ne mahatI dharmasabhA ko AzIrvAda dete hae kahA ki Apa loga 'kaMkara se zaMkara', 'AtmA se paramAtmA' tathA 'bhakta se bhagavAna' baneM, yahI hamArI bhAvanA hai| unhoMne kendrIya maMtrI zrI dhanaMjayakumAra, DaoN. anupama jaina tathA zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna ke samasta padAdhikAriyoM kI bhI prazaMsA karate hue unheM dharmavRddhi hetu AzIrvAda diyaa| pUjya upAdhyAyazrI ne kekar3I samAja kI bhI mukta maMTha se prazaMsA kI jinhoMne isa choTe se nagara meM pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke bAvajUda paMca kalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava kA vRhad Ayojana saphalatApUrvaka sampanna karAne meM tana, mana va dhana samarpita kiyaa| Apane puraskAra prApta karane vAle vidvajjanoM ko bhI dharma prabhAvanArtha AjIvana saMlagna rahane hetu AzIrvAda diyaa| puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha meM puraskRta samasta vidvAnoM ko pramukha atithi zrI dhanaMjayakumArajI, arhata vacana 1412-3) 2002 113

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HTTA viziSTa atithigaNa tathA samAja ke padAdhikAriyoM dvArA maMgala tilaka, mAlyArpaNa, zrIphala, uttarIya, zAla, prazastipatra, smRti cinha va rU. 31000/- kI nagada rAzi bheMTakara sammAnita kiyaa| sarvaprathama AcArya zrI zAMtisAgara (chANI) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2001 jaina Agama sAhitya ke pAramparika adhyetA paM. mallinAtha jaina zAstrI (cainnaI) ko parokSa rUpa meM samarpita kiyA gyaa| AcArya zrI sUryasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2001 pravacana niSNAt DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina (bar3auta) ko tathA AcArya zrI vimalasAgara (bhiNDa) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2001 jaina patrakAritA ke kSetra meM viziSTa yogadAna hetu zrI jayasena jaina (indaura) ko pradAna kiyA gyaa| AcArya zrI sumatisAgara zruta saMvarddhana zrI jayasena puraskAra prApta karate hue puraskAra - 2001 prApta karane vAle jaina vidyA ke zodha va anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM samarpita vidvAna DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' (nAgapura) rhe| jabaki munizrI varddhamAnasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2001 prApta karane vAlIM gAjiyAbAda kI parama viduSI mahilA DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina rhiiN| isI prakAra sarAka varga ke logoM ke utthAna hetu kI gaI prazaMsanIya sevA ke liye sAr3hama (bokAro) nivAsI DaoN. kamalakumAra jaina ko parokSa rUpa se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| ullekhanIya hai ki saMsthAna dvArA ye puraskAra san 1991 se vibhinna kSetroM meM samarpaNa dene vAle manISI jaina vidvajjanoM ko samarpita kiye jAte rahe haiM tathA aba taka saMsthAna dvArA 26 vidvAnoM ko sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai| kekar3I ke itihAsa meM saMbhavata: yaha prathama avasara thA jabaki vizAla stara para yaha bhavya Ayojana sampanna huaa| 'zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna' ke sammAnanIya adhyakSa pro. nalina ke. zAstrI (lakhanaU) ne saMsthAna kI vartamAna gatividhiyoM evaM bhaviSya kI rUparekhA para prakAza ddaalaa| kAryAdhyakSa zrI yogezakumAra jaina (khataulI), mahAmaMtrI zrI haMsakumAra jaina (meraTha) tathA koSAdhyakSa zrI viveka jaina (gAjiyAbAda) ne samAroha ko suvyavasthita rUpa se sampanna karAne meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| puraskAra samiti ke saMyojaka DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura) ne samAroha kA sazakta saMcAlana kiyA tathA zrI mahAvIraprasAda siMghala (kekar3I) ne samasta Agata atithi evaM vidvajjanoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita kii| * saMpAdaka - sanmativANI, mahAvIra TrasTa, 63, ma.gAMdhI mArga, indaura-452001 114 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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saMkSipta AkhyA arhat vacana / gopAcala virAsata dazA evaM dizA rASTrIya saMgoSThI kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) gvAliyara - 7 se 8 sitambara, 2002 DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina* parama pUjya 108 muni zrI pulakasAgarajI mahArAja evaM 105 kSullaka zrI prayogasAgarajI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM zrI diga. jaina varSAyoga samiti greTara gvAliyara ne DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina gvAliyara ke saMyojakatva meM 7 aura 8 sitambara ko dvidivasIya 'gopAcala dazA evaM dizA' viSaya para rASTrIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyaa| cAra satroM meM sampanna isa saMgoSThI meM 12 vidvAna sammilita hue aura unhoMne apane vaktavya evaM zodha patra prastuta kiye| saMgoSThI meM bAhara se Aye hue prAcArya narendra prakAza jaina (phirojAbAda), DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura), paM. nIraja jaina (satanA), DaoN. harivallabha mAhezvarI (cennaI), DaoN. nIlama jaina (gAjiyAbAda) evaM sthAnIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN. kAMti jaina, DaoN. kRSNA jaina, DaoN. lAlabahAdura siMha, DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina, zrI rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa evaM DaoN. azokakumAra jaina ne apane vicAra prakaTa kiye| saMgoSThI kA udghATana maMgalAcaraNa evaM prAcArya narendraprakAza jaina dvArA dIpa prajvalana se huaa| varSAyoga samiti ke adhyakSa zrI pradIpa jaina 'mAmA', mahAmaMtrI zrI natthIlAla jaina, zrI ajaya jaina, ravIndra jaina, maheza jaina Adi ke sahayoga se samAgata vidvAnoM kA baija evaM sampuTa (kiTa), mAlyArpaNa se sammAna kiyA gyaa| satra kI adhyakSatA prAcArya narendraprakAza jaina evaM mukhya Atithya ko paM. nIraja jaina ne svIkAra kiyaa| apane udghATana vaktavya meM bolate hue zrI satIza jI ajamerA ne gopAcala tIrthakSetra ke gaurava ko spaSTa karate hue kahA ki gopAcala supratiSTha kevalI kI tapasthalI hai, ata: siddhakSetra hai| vizva kI sabase bar3I padmAsana bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI 42 phuTa UMcI pratimA yahA~ sthApita hai tathA yaha atizaya kA kendra hai| kintu purAtatva vibhAga ke saMrakSita smArakoM meM hone ke kAraNa Aja gopAcala kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA hai| samAja kI niSkriyatA bhI isameM eka bar3A kAraNa rahI hai| gopAcala hamArI dharohara hai| hameM isa sAMskRtika merUdaNDa ko bacAnA hai isI uddezya ko lekara yaha saMgoSThI Ayojita kI gaI hai| maMca para upasthita sabhI vidvAnoM kA vAcika svAgata karate hue Apane kahA khuda hI savAla haiM ye, khuda hI jabAva haiM ye dekha lo parakha lo, gudar3I ke lAla haiM ye| prAcArya narendraprakAza jI ne apane vaktavya meM kahA ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM maMdira, mUrti, mAlA, maMtra aura mahAtmA ina pAMca prakAroM meM jana-jana kI AsthA kendrita haiN| bhArata kA koI bhI dharma aisA nahIM hai jisameM inako mAhAtmya nahIM diyA gayA hai| maMdira zreSTha nAgarika banane kI sarvottama kAryazAlA hai to mUrti meM jIvanta bhagavAn kI kalpanA hai, mahAtmA, muni hamArI AsthA evaM bhakti ke kendra haiM, prabhu taka pahu~cane kA mArga batAne vAle haiN| jina AcAryoM kI preraNA se tomarakAlIna rAjAoM ne mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA ve vandanIya haiM lekina vaha to aba saMsAra meM nahIM hai| inako saMrakSita karanA hamArA dAyitva hai| munizrI kI preraNA atyanta sarAhanIya hai jisake kAraNa gvAliyara samAja gopAcala tIrtha ke vikAsa evaM saMrakSaNa ke lie kRta saMkalpita huA hai| muni zrI pulaka sAgara jI ne apane maMgala udabodhana meM kahA ki jaba bAbara ne 115

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mUrtiyoM ko zIzavihIna kara khaNDita kiyA taba jaina samAja kI cuppI hI gopAcala ke lie kalaMka bana gaI thI aura taba se Aja taka isa kSetra kA kSaraNa hI ho rahA hai| Apane upasthita janasamudAya ko gopAcala jIrNoddhAra ke lie apanA saba kucha samarpita karane kI preraNA pradAna kii| saMgoSThI kA dvitIya satra dopahara 2.30 baje cembara oNpha kAmarsa bhavana meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| pUjya muni zrI ke sAtha hI maMca para AryikA vipazyanA zrIjI AryikA saMgha ke sAtha maMca para virAjamAna thii| satra kI adhyakSatA zrI zivakumAra viveka (saMpAdaka dainika bhAskara) ne kI evaM zrI vIrendra gaMgavAla jI (adhyakSa gvAliyara melA prAdhikaraNa) isa satra ke mukhya atithi the| isa satra meM DaoN. lAlabahAdura siMha, DaoN. nIlama jaina, DaoN. kAMti jaina evaM DaoN. kRSNA jaina ne apane zodhapatra prastuta kiye| gopAcala ke itihAsa, usakI vartamAna dazA para vicAra karate hue usake jIrNoddhAra ke sambandha meM apane-apane sujhAva prakaTa kiye evaM nArI zakti kA AvhAna kiyA ki vaha bhI isa siddhakSetra ke saMrakSaNa meM kadama se kadama milAkara Age aaye| p3D mahArAja SIC D 2002 zrIgopAcana sAnidhya-kAma saMgoSThI kA tRtIya satra jI.vAya. ema.sI. parisara meM AraMbha huA jisakI adhyakSatA zrI pArasa jI gaMgavAla ne kI evaM paM. nIraja jI jaina isa satra ke mukhya atithi the| isa satra ke prathama vaktA zrI rAmajIta jI jaina eDavokeTa ne kaI anachue pahaluoM kI ora sabhA kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| ApakA mAnanA hai ki gopAcala para eka patthara kI bAvar3I se bhI adhika sundara mUrtiyA~ haiM jo kisI ne nahIM dekhI, unake lie abhI rAstA durgama hai, vahA~ yadi AvAgamana ke sAdhana sulabha ho jAyeM to vaha bhI anupama samUha bana sakatA DaoN. anupama jaina (indaura) jo isake pUrva bhI gopAcala para kaI bAra sarvekSaNa ke samaya upasthita the, unhoMne usa samaya se Aja taka hue pragati kArya ko prastuta karate hue aneka sujhAva gopAcala jIrNoddhAra ke lie prastuta kie evaM DaoN. kRSNadatta bAjapeI dvArA likhita evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha meM surakSita aMgrejI bhASA kI kRti GOPACHAL kI pANDulipi 116 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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3. muni zrI ke avalokana hetu upalabdha kraaii| Apane atyanta vistAra se 1990 se 2002 ke ghaTanAkrama, pUrva meM kiye gaye prayAsoM, unake pariNAmoM kI samIkSA kii| Apane kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA 1990 se 1997 taka DaoN. TI. vhI. jI. zAstrI ke netRtva meM calI gopAcala sarvekSaNa, abhilekhIkaraNa evaM mUlyAMkana pariyojanA kI upalabdhiyoM, prakAzita pustakoM Adi kI jAnakArI dene ke sAtha hI agrAMkita kAryayojanA prastuta kii| 1. parvata para banI mUrtiyoM tathA guphAoM kI saphAI kara yahA~ kAI, phaMgasa Adi se mukta kara inakA rAsAyanika parirakSaNa karAnA caahiye| jisase mUrtiyoM evaM anya kalAtmaka pattharoM kA kSaraNa rokA jA ske| pAnI kA risAba rokanA bhI jarUrI hai| pUrI yojanA kA nirmANa bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa dvArA karAyA jAnA caahiye| unakI vizeSajJatA kA lAbha sabhI dRSTiyoM se hitakara hai, saMsAdhana rUpa meM hama madada kara sakate haiN| isa kSetra meM dhArmika evaM aitihAsika paryaTana kI asIma saMbhAvanAe~ haiN| etadartha isake caturdika udyAna, mArga vidyutIkaraNa kArya Adi kA vikAsa kara AdhArabhUta suvidhAe~ upalabdha karAnA caahiye| kArya cala rahA hai, yaha dekhakara kucha saMtoSa hai, kintu gaMdagI ko rokanA prAthamika rUpa se Avazyaka hai| parvata ke jaina purAtatva se sambaddha sabhI bhAgoM para eka V.D.O. philma kA nirmANa karAyA jAnA cAhiye, vizeSata: zilAlekhIya aMzoM ko saMrakSita kiyA jAnA caahiye| pUrva meM bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa kI mandira sarvekSaNa yojanA meM zAyada kucha kAma huA hai| lagabhaga 16 pRSTha kI eka laghu paricayAtmaka pustikA kA antarrASTrIya stara para hindI/aMgrejI meM prakAzana kiyA jAnA caahiye| isameM prakAzita sAmagrI yA citroM kI guNavattA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAnA caahiye| isakA mUlya pratIkAtmaka ru. 2.00/5.00 ho, bhale hI lAgata 10 - 15 rupaye aaye| hama isameM sahayoga hetu prastuta haiN| DaoN. zAstrI dvArA likhita evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita pustaka kA hindI anuvAda bhI prakAzita honA caahiye| DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina dvArA isakA anuvAda karAyA jAye, jJAnapITha isake sampAdana evaM prakAzana karane hetu prastuta hai| saMsAdhana TrasTa ko upalabdha karAnA jarUrI hai| gopAcala para bhAvI adhyayana meM upayogI samasta upalabdha sAmagrI (prakAzita/aprakAzita) kA saMkalana yahA~ upalabdha karAyA jAnA caahiye| zrI rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa kI pustaka gauravatA kA gaurava - gopAcala kA punarprakAzana, DaoN. rAginI tripAThI ke jIvAjI vi.vi. meM 1982 meM prastuta prabandha kA prakAzana bhI apekSita hai| 7. kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA gopAcala ke vividha bhAgoM ke lagabhaga 500-600 citra khIMce gaye the| isameM aneka to aise haiM jinakA chAyAMkana atyanta duSkara thaa| ina citroM kI eka pradarzanI yahA~ Ayojita kI jAnI caahiye| citroM kA AkAra bar3A honA cAhiye jisase vaha dhyAna AkRSTa kre| AvazyakatAnusAra naye citra bhI khiMcavAye jA sakate vikhyAta purAvida pro. ke. DI. bAjapeyI se bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI ne gopAcala para eka pustaka likhAI thii| isakI prati pro. bAjapeyI ne apane sAraMgapara pravAsa meM 1992 meM lekhaka ko dikhAI thii| isakI eka prati sAhU zrI azokajI ne jJAnapITha ke yazasvI adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMhajI kAsalIvAla ko gvAliyara meM eka baiThaka meM pradAna kI thii| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 117

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vaha prati Aja bhI jJAnapITha meM surakSita hai| kintu mUlaprati zAyada bhAratIya jJAnapITha meM kahIM guma ho gii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke anurodha para hamane yaha prati use kucha mAha pUrva upalabdha karA dI hai| isakI chAyAprati yahA~ bhI upalabdha hai| isake sundara AkarSaka rUpa meM prakAzita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| etadartha Avazyaka citroM ko upalabdha karAne evaM sampAdana kArya hetu hama prastuta haiN| yadi TrasTa saMsAdhana upalabdha karAye to kundakunda jJAnapITha prakAzita kara sakatA hai| 9. mujhe yahA~ TrasTa ke padAdhikAriyoM evaM samAja ke variSThajanoM se jJAta huA ki paraspara kucha avizvAsa hai, sahayoga vAMchita stara para nahIM mila rahA hai| TrasTa ke saMsAdhanoM kI sImA hai ataH ukta sujhAvoM ke kriyAnvayana hetu vartamAna TrasTa dvArA hI vyApaka AdhAra vAlI jIrNoddhAra evaM vikAsa samiti gaNita kI jaaye| samiti kA svarUpa akhila bhAratIya honA caahiye| vaha adhikAra sampanna bhI ho kintu vaha TrasTa se parAmarza kara vikAsa kArya kre| saMgoSThI kA samApana satra dopahara 2.30 cembara oNpha kAmarsa ke bhavana meM AraMbha huA jisakI adhyakSatA zrI subhASa jaina ne kI DaoN. harivallabha mAhezvarI jI ne inTeka dvArA sampanna kiye gae gopAcala sambandhI kAryoM para prakAza DAlA evaM batAyA ki abhI bhI gopAcala kA kucha hissA purAtatva kI saMrakSita sUcI meM nahIM hai jisakA vikAsa jaina samAja apane hAtha meM le sakatI hai| DaoN. azoka jaina ne gopAcala kI mUrtiyoM ke rakharakhAva ke vaijJAnika tarIkoM kI ora sabhA kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina ne gopAcala kI dharohara ko surakSita karane, sUcIkaraNa evaM naSTa hue maMdiroM ko cinhita karane evaM vaijJAnika tarIkoM se usake saMrakSaNa para bala diyaa| paM. nIraja jaina ne purAtatva ke mAdhyama se evaM usake sahayoga se kisa prakAra jIrNoddhAra ke kArya kie jA sakate haiM, isa sambandha meM apane vaktavya ko prastuta karate hue purAtatva vibhAga kI nItiyoM se sabhI ko avagata kraayaa| DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina ne sabhI Agantuka atithiyoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta kiyA / varSAyoga samiti kI ora se sabhI vidvAnoM ko zaoNla, zrIphala evaM mAlyArpaNa se sammAna kiyA gyaa| paM. nIraja jaina, satanA ko saMgoSThI meM 'vANI bhUSaNa' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| pUjya munizrI ne apane samApana maMgalAzISa meM kahA ki saMgoSThI ke mAdhyama se jo bhI bindu sAmane Aye haiM hameM una para amala karanA caahie| 118 * ena. 14, cetakapurI, gvAliyara 474009 - arhat vacana, 14 (23) 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura pragati AkhyA siribhUvalaya anusaMdhAna pariyojanA bar3hate kadama - DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina 'manuja* AcArya zrI kumudendu (9 vIM zadI) dvArA racita siribhUvalaya adbhuta grantha hai| isa graMtha kA paricaya jaba bhArata ke tatkAlIna rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendraprasAda jI ko diyA gayA to unhoMne isako saMsAra kA AThavA~ Azcarya batAyA aura ise rASTrIya mahatva kA kahakara isakI pANDulipi rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra meM surakSita krvaaii| isa grantharAja meM 18 mahAbhASAe~ tathA 700 kaniSTha bhASAe~ garbhita haiN| aMkarAzi se nirmita yaha grantha advitIya siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai, vijJAna kA bhI yaha abhUtapUrva grantha hai| isa grantha meM bar3A vaicitrya hai| isameM 27 paMkti (lAineM) aura 27 staMbha (kAlama) meM 729 khAne yukta kaI Tebala haiM, khAnoM meM 1 se 64 taka aMkoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, aMkoM se hI alaga - alaga akSara banate haiM, una akSaroM se isa grantha ke zloka par3hane ke kaI sUtra haiM, unheM "baMdha" kahA jAtA hai| baMdhoM ke alaga - alaga nAma haiN| jaise - cakrabaMdha haMsabaMdha, padmabaMdha, mayUrabaMdha aadi| baMdha kholane kI vidhi kA jAnakAra hI isa graMtha kA vAcana kara sakatA hai| isake eka - eka adhyAya ke zlokoM ko alaga - alaga rIti se par3hane para alaga - alaga graMtha nikalate haiN| isameM RSimaMDala, svayaMbhU stotra, pAtrakezarI stotra, kalyANakAraka, pravacanasAra, harigItA, jayabhagavadgItA, prAkRta bhagavadgItA, saMskRta bhagavadgItA, karnATaka bhagavadgItA, gIrvANa bhagavadgItA, jayAkhyAna mahAbhArata Adi ke aMza garbhita hone kI sUcanA to hai hI sAtha hI aba taka anupalabdha svAmI samantabhadrAcArya viracita mahatvapUrNa grantha gaMdhahastI mahAbhASya ke garbhita hone kI bhI sUcanA hai| isameM Rgveda, jambUdIvapaNNattI, tiloyapaNNattI, sUryaprajJapti, samayasAra tathA puSpAyurveda, svarNa banAne kI vidhi Adi aneka viSaya garbhita haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divyadhvani (vizeSa upadeza) jaise vibhinna bhASA - bhASiyoM ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM sunAI detI thI, ThIka vahI siddhAnta isameM apanAyA gayA hai, jisase eka hI aMkacakra ko alaga-alaga taraha se par3hane para alaga- alaga bhASAoM ke graMtha aura viSaya nikalate isa para anusaMdhAna ke pariNAma svarUpa aneka vilupta graMtha prakAza meM aaeNge| Aja kI cikitsA paddhati se bhI ucca cikitsA paddhati prakAza meM Ane kI saMbhAvanA hai, jo saMpUrNa mAnava jAti ko kalyANakArI hogii| tAtkAlika 718 bhASAoM meM nibaddha hamArI saMskRti udaghATita hogI jisameM kaI cauMkAne vAle tathya prakAza meM aaeNge| kundakunda jJAnapITha ne 'siri bhUvalaya anusaMdhAna pariyojanA' para 1 apraila 2001 se vidhivata kArya prAraMbha kiyA hai| aba taka kA pragati vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - cAra zodha yAtrAe~ siribhUvalaya para aba taka anusaMdhAna kA prayatna karane vAle manISiyoM, saMsthAoM se unake dvArA kie prayatnoM kI jAnakArI, saMbhAvita sahayogI vidvAnoM ke samparka, pariyojanA sambandhita pANDulipi Adi ke anveSaNa hetu ukta avadhi meM DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina "manuja' arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 119

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(lekhaka) ne cAra anusaMdhAna yAtrAe~ kI / 1. rAjasthAna prAMta - 22 se 25 apraila 2001 taka rAjasthAna prAMta kI zodha yAtrA kI gaI isameM mukhya rUpa se jagata ( gIMgalA ) jilA udayapura kI yAtrA jahA~ AcAryazrI kanakanaMdI jI mahArAja saMgha sahita virAjamAna the| unhoMne 20 varSa pUrva siribhUvalaya para anusaMdhAna ke prayatna kie the| unase upayogI mArgadarzana prApta huaa| 2. karnATaka prAMta 7 se 23 jUna 2001 taka karnATaka prAnta kI 17 divasIya anusaMdhAna yAtrA kI gii| yaha yAtrA bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa thii| isameM viMzAdhika manISiyoM se bheMTa va carcA kI gii| jinameM zravaNabelagolA ke bhaTTAraka svasti zrI cArukIrti svAmIjI, arahaMtagirI ke bhaTTAraka svasti zrI dhavalakIrti jI, mUDabidrI ke bhaTTAraka svasti zrI cArUkIrtijI, kanakagirI ke bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIrti jI, pro. vI. esa. saNNaiyA, DaoN. sureza kumAra, paM. zrI prabhAkara AcArya zrI varddhamAna upAdhye, paM. RSabhakumAra zAstrI zravaNabelagolA, DaoN. zubhacandra, pro. ema.DI. vasaMtarAja maisUra, paM. devakumAra zAstrI mUDabidrI, bra. AdisAgarajI haja zrI vIrendra hegar3e dharmasthala, zrI lakSmI tAtAcArya melakoTale, DaoN. eca. esa. veMkaTezamUrti, zrI vAya. ke. jaina, zrI jinendrakumAra, zrI e. vAya. dharmapAla, paM. devakumAra zAstrI, vaidyazrI vAsudeva mUrti baiMgalaura pramukha the| zravaNabelagola, mUDabidrI aura kanakagiri ke prAcIna tAr3apatrIya jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM kA bhI sarvekSaNa kiyaa| paM. yallappA zAstrI ke putra zrI e. vAya. dharmapAla se hama baiMgalaura meM mile, unake pAsa siri bhUvalaya kI kucha sAmagrI hai, kintu unhoMne hamArA kisI bhI taraha sahayoga karane se sApha iMkAra kara diyaa| 3. madhyapradeza indaura meM saMyoga prApta AcAryoM, vidvAnoM se prApta mArgadarzana ke atirikta 9 evaM 24 jUna 2001 ko sAgara (ma.pra.) kI yAtrA kI gii| yahA~ AcArya zrI devanaMdI jI mahArAja saMgha sahita virAjamAna the| inhoMne 20 varSa pUrva AcArya kuMthUsAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM siribhUvalaya ko vAcana Adi kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| zrI gaurAbAI diga. jaina maMdira, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara meM merA siribhUvalaya para 24 jUna ko eka vyAkhyAna huA / 4. dillI va rAjasthAna pradeza 29 julAI se 4 agasta 2001 taka dillI evaM jayapura kI zodhayAtrA kI gii| dillI meM rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra kA sarvekSaNa kiyaa| dillI meM AcArya zrI zAMtisAgarajI mahArAja lAla maMdira, AcArya zrI vidyAnaMda jI mahArAja, DaoN. sudIpa jaina kuMdakuMda bhAratI se mile| yahA~ apekSAnukUla mArgadarzana va sahayoga nahIM mila sakA / jayapura meM pramukha rUpa se DaoN. je. DI. jaina evaM zrI hemanta kumAra jaina se mileN| inake projekTara para siribhUvalaya pANDulipi kI mAikrophilma dekhii| jayapura meM DaoN. zItalacaMdra jaina, DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina, paM. rAjakumAra jaina, paM. rAjakumAra zAstrI, paM. anUpacaMda nyAyatIrtha, DaoN. kamalacaMda sogAnI, paM. pradyumna kumAra jaina Adi vidvAnoM se bheMTa kI / saMgoSThiyA~ / vyAkhyAna - 120 - -- - - 1. 24 jUna 2001 ko gaurAbAI diga jaina maMdira, kaTarA sAgara meM AcArya zrI devanandIjI mahArAja ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM siribhUvalaya para vyAkhyAna diyaa| - 2. 24-25 pharavarI 2002 ko di. jaina mahilA saMgaThana, indaura, a.bhA.di. jaina mahilA saMgaThana, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura evaM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha Adi ke tatvAvadhAna meM Ayojita vidvat saMgoSThI meM siribhUvalaya para zodha Alekha vAcana kiyA / arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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3. 28 pharavarI 2002 ko baNDA-sAgara meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI, muni zrI abhayasAgarajI va saMghastha sAdhuvRndoM ke sAnnidhya meM siribhUvalaya para carcAtmaka vyAkhyAna diyaa|| 4. 21 apraila 2002 ko bar3avAnI meM AcArya zrI sanmatisAgarajI, AcArya zrI siddhAntasAgarajI, bAlAcArya zrI yogIndrasAgarajI va gaNinI AryikA zrI vijayamatI mAtAjI sabhI ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM siribhUvalaya para carcAtmaka vyAkhyAna diyaa| 5. 30 apraila 2002 ko morAjI sAgara meM AcArya zrI virAgasAgarajI mahArAja ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM vizAla janasamudAya ke bIca siribhUvalaya para vizeSa vyAkhyAna diyaa| ullekhanIya upalabdhi AcArya kumudendu dvArA kevala aMkoM meM racita sarvabhASAmamaya adbhuta grantha siribhUvalaya lagabhaga 400 adhyAyoM kI zruti hai, kintu abhI taka 59 adhyAyoM kI sAmagrI jJAta hai| baiMgalaura (karnATaka) ke zrI yallappA zAstrI ne isa graMtha kI pANDulipi prApta kara tathA viziSTa vidhi se baMdha kholakara ise par3hane aura lipibaddha karane meM saphalatA hAsila kara lI thii| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM zAstrIjI isake hindI anuvAda ke kArya meM saMlagna the ki inakA san 1957 meM Akasmika nidhana ho gyaa| taba taka mAtra 14 adhyAyoM kA hindI anuvAda ho pAyA thaa| zAstrI jI ke nidhana ke bAda Age kArya avaruddha ho gyaa| taba se aneka prayatna kie gaye, kintu kisI ko apekSita saphalatA nahIM mila pAI, kyoMki pratyeka adhyAya ko par3hane kI vidhi (baMdha) alaga - alaga hai| maiMne baMdha kholane ke aneka prayatna kie| kaThina parizrama ke phalasvarUpa siribhUvalaya ke tIna adhyAyoM ke baMdha kholane meM mujhe saphalatA mila gaI hai| hamane inake kucha aMzoM kA kannar3a evaM devanAgarI padyamaya lipikaraNa kara liyA hai tathA inameM se samayasAra kI prAkRta gAthAe~, SaTkhaNDAgama ke kucha gAthAsUtra, tatvArthasUtra ke saptama adhyAya ke kucha sUtra aura sarvadoSa prAyazcittavidhi ke katipaya maMtra anveSita kara lie haiN| anya sampanna kArya isa avadhi meM hamane siribhUvalaya anusaMdhAna pariyojanAntargata nimnAMkita kArya sampanna kie haiM - 1. zrI devakumArasiMha jI kAsalIvAla ke prayatnoM se prApta siribhUvalaya ke aMza kI mAikrophilma kA tathA usake priMTa kannar3a lipi evaM bhASA meM hone ke kAraNa vigata tIna varSoM se avyavasthita tathA avAcita the| sarvaprathama hamane isa sAmagrI ko vyavasthita kiyA, isakI sUcI banAI aura yaha jAnA ki bIca-bIca ke kitane aMzoM kI sAmagrI hameM upalabdha 2. mudrita, phoTosTeTa kaoNpI Adi sAmagrI jo kannar3a meM thI use pUrNa vyavasthita kiyaa| 3. prathama chamAhI meM hamane lagabhaga 200 sAdhusaMtoM, vidvAnoM, saMsthAoM se saghana patrAcAra kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa isa pariyojanA ko gati dene meM hama saphala hue haiN| 4. mAikro philma dekhane ke liye purAtatva vibhAga ke DaoN. nareza pAThaka se anurodha kiyA to unhoMne saharSa projekTara hameM upalabdha karA diyaa| hamane usako ThIka karake philma dekhane meM saphalatA pA lI kintu rIDiMga ke liye vaha upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki garma hone se philma jalane kA bhaya hai| arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 121

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5. do baMdhoM ko khola (Decodie ) kara 44-45 varSoM se avarUddha kArya ko gati dene meM saphalatA hAsila kara lI hai| 6. mAikro philma rIDara upalabdha nahIM hone se philma para se koI kArya kiyA nahIM jA skaa| isake jo priMTa the bahuta acche nahIM Aye haiN| DaoN. zubhacandrajI maisUra jaise kaI kannar3a ke vidvAnoM ko bhI hamaneM prinTa dikhAye, kintu unhoMne par3hane meM asamarthatA vyakta kii| unameM jo patra vAcya haiM, hamane una kannar3a patroM ko par3hane kA prayatna kiyaa| 7. aMkacakroM meM kevala tIna aMka cakra aise the jo adhyAya ke prAraMbha ke tathA eka dUsare sambaddha the| ye aMkacakra 59 veM adhyAya ke the| isa adhyAya ke baMdha par3hane kI viziSTa kuMjI jJAta kara aMkoM se kannar3a lipikaraNa aura devanAgarI lipikaraNa kiyaa| 8. kannar3a Adi 14 bhASAoM ke sAphTaveara saMcAlita karane ke liye maiM svaMya kampyUTara ApareTa karatA huuN| 14 lipiyoM ke aMka cakra Adi nikAla kara vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta kiye haiN| 9. eka baMdha khola (Decode) kara usakA kampyUTara dvArA kannar3a evaM devanAgarI lipikaraNa karake usameM 34 bhASAyeM cinhita kara lI haiN| 10. siribhUvalaya meM 718 bhASAoM hone ke ullekhoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vizva ke 290 dezoM evaM vizva meM pracalita 600 bhASAoM kI sUcanA prApta kara lI hai| siribhUvalaya kI pANDulipi akTUbara 2001 ke anta meM siribhUvalaya kI pUrNa pANDulipi kara lI gaI hai| isameM 1252 aMkacakra, 59 adhyAya haiN| isase vyavasthita kArya prAraMbha kiyA jA sakatA hai| mArgadarzana siribhUvalaya anusaMdhAna pariyojanA devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura ke kulapati pro. bharata chAparavAla, kuMdakuMda jJAnapITha ke adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla, nidezaka pro. e. e. abbAsI, saciva DaoN. anupama jaina evaM koSAdhyakSa zrI ajitakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla ke mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga se gatimAna hai| mahatva, sarAhanA va sahayoga kundakunda jJAnapITha ke adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla vigata 13-14 varSoM se siribhUvalaya ko prakAza meM lAne ke liye prayatnazIla rahe haiN| apraila 2001 se isakA kArya prAraMbha ho jAne para ve itane vayovRddha hote hue bhI kArya kI pragati jAnane evaM apanA mArgadarzana pradAna karane jJAnapITha meM niyamita Ate haiN| jJAnapITha ke mAnada saciva DaoN. anupama jaina, prabandhaka zrI aravindakumAra jaina evaM pustakAlayAdhyakSa zrImatI surekhA mizrA dvArA bhI apane srAnukUla isameM yogadAna pradAna kiyA jA rahA hai| pariyojanA ke prAraMbha meM zrI dIpacanda esa. gArDI jJAnapITha meM padhAre, unhoMne yaha mahatvapUrNa kArya vidhivata saMcAlita karane ke liye jJAnapITha ko utsAha evaM preraNA pradAna kI / pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI, AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI, AcArya zrI sanmatisAgarajI, AcArya zrI kanakanaMdIjI, AcArya zrI devanandIjI, AcArya zrI virAgasAgarajI, AcArya zrI siddhAntasAgarajI, upAdhyAya muni zrI nijAnandasAgarajI, upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI, karmayogI cArUkIrti bhaTTArakajI zravaNabelagolA, bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIrti bhaTTAraka zrI cArukIrti mUDabidrI, bhaTTAraka zrI arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 122 -

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dhavalakIrti-arahaMtagirI ne utsAhavarddhana karate hue AzIrvAda pradAna kiyA hai| maMgalora vi.vi. ke kulapati pro. esa. gopAla ne apanI zubhakAmanAyeM preSita kI haiN| kendrIya saMcAra rAjya maMtrI zrImatI sumitrA mahAjana, a.bhA.di. jaina vidvat pariSada ke pUrva adhyakSa DaoN. ramezacandra jaina - bijanaura, pro. nalina ke. zAstrI - bodhagayA, paM. zrI gulAbacanda Aditya - bhopAla tathA sthAnIya vidvAnoM ne isa kArya ko saMcAlita karane ke liye jJAnapITha kI sarAhanA kI hai tathA abhUtapUrva saphalatA hAsila karane ke liye hameM zubhakAmanAyeM pradAna kI haiN| upalabdha sAdhana va taiyArI siribhUvalaya vividha viSayoM va 700 ve adhika bhASAoM meM hone se isa pariyojanA ke saMcAlana ke liye sarvaprathama sampanna pustakAlaya kA honA jarUrI thA jo ki jJAnapITha kA lagabhaga 10000 granthoM se yukta hameM sulabha hai| jJAnapITha meM saMcAlita prakAzita jaina sAhitya sUcIkaraNa pariyojanA ke mAdhyama se anya grantha bhaMDAroM ke lagabhaga 40 hajAra granthoM kI sUcI bhI hameM upalabdha hai| pariyojanA saMcAlana hetu Adhunika saMgaNana kendra (Computer Centre) kuMdakuMda jJAnapITha meM sthApita kara liyA gayA hai| isameM nimnAMkita sAphTaveyara suvidhAoM ko upalabdha kara liyA gayA hai - 1. aMgrejI se grIka bhASA ke lipyAnuvAda kA Word Processor 425.exe. uplbdh| 2. aMgrejI se phreMca bhASA ke lipyAnuvAda kA Word Processor 314.exe. uplbdh| 3. barahA sAphTaveara - isase aMgrajI varNoM kI phIDiMga se hindI, aMgrejI, kannar3a, marAThI, saMskRta meM anuvAda hotA hai| 4. AI lIpa sAphTaveara meM kannar3a, tamila, telagu, malayAlama, gujarAtI, marAThI, paMjAbI, aMgrejI Adi 14 bhASAoM ke lipyAMtaraNa kI suvidhA hai| 5. zrIlipi sAphTaveara 5.0 jema paikeja uplbdh| isameM devanAgarI, gujarAtI, paMjAbI, baMgAlI, asamI, ur3iyA, tamila, kannar3a, telagu, malayAlama, siMhala, sindhI, araibika, rasiyana, saMskRta, iMgliza, DAikriTikala aura simbola ke phonTa aura lipikaraNa kI suvidhA hai| mujhe siribhUvalaya ke aMtima (59 veM) adhyAya kA baMdha khAlane meM prathamata: saphalatA hAsila ho gaI thI, isaliye isI se kArya prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| 59 veM adhyAya meM 40 aMkacakroM se 592 kannar3a zloka bneNge| aba taka hamane 380 zloka DikoDa kara liye haiM, inakA devanAgarI aura kannar3a lipi meM lipikaraNa kara liyA hai| sabhI kI sahayoga kI sad icchAyeM, utkaMThAyeM hote hue bhI siribhUvalaya pariyojanA kA aba taka kA sampanna kArya ekavyaktIya - kAryopalabdhyAzrita hai| pariyojanA kA pUrNa sAphalya saMsthA ke saMkalpa, anukUla vAtAvaraNa, samucita pArizramika va utsAhavarddhana aura prAcIna kannar3a ke jJAtA vidvAnoM kI upalabdhatA para nirbhara kregaa| * zodhAdhikArI - siribhUvalaya pariyojanA, C/o. kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, ma.gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura -452001 prApta : 30.07.02 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 123

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124 pustaka kA nAma: gaNita sAra saGagraha mUla racanAkAra aMgrejI anuvAda kannar3a anuvAda prakAzana varSa pRSTha saMkhyA prakAzaka samIkSaka pustaka samIkSA sudIrgha AvazyakatA kI pUrti (mUla saMskRta, aMgrejI lipyAMtaraNa, aMgrejI evaM kannar3a anuvAda tathA kannar3a TippaNa sahita) - : mahAvIrAcArya ( 850 I.) : rAyabahAdura ema. raMgAcArya, madrAsa : pro. (DaoN.) padmAvathammA, maisUra : 2000 EUR, mUlya 1912 meM madrAsa sarakAra dvArA gaNita sAra saMgraha ke aMgrejI anuvAda evaM TippaNa sahita prakAzana ke sAtha hI vizva samudAya kA dhyAna jaina gaNitajJoM kI gauravazAlI paramparA kI ora AkRSTa huaa| 1963 meM pro. ela. sI. jaina dvArA aMgrejI anuvAda ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA gayA hindI anuvAda bhI solApura se prakAzita ho cukA hai| kintu ye donoM saMskaraNa vartamAna meM upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa bhAratIya gaNita ke adhyetAoM ko bahuta asuvidhA ho rahI thii| DaoN. padmAvathammA ne na kevala isa abhAva kI pUrti kI hai apitu kannar3a bhASA bhASI adhyetAoM kI suvidhA hetu isakA kannar3a anuvAda TippaNa sahita upalabdha karAyA hai| mUlataH kannar3a bhASI AcArya mahAvIra kI saMskRta bhASA meM likhI isa kRti kA kannar3a anuvAda pAkara nizcaya hI kannar3a bhASA bhASiyoM ko harSa hogA / - ru.750.00 : LVI + 835 : zrI siddhAnta kIrti granthamAlA, zrI hombuja maTha, hombuja (karnATaka) 1912 meM isa grantha ke prakAza meM Ane ke bAda karaNAnuyoga samUha ke jaina granthoM ke gaNitIya dRSTi se adhyayana kA krama prArambha huA evaM pro. bI. bI. datta, pro. e. ena. siMha, pro. ela. sI. jaina, pro. TI. e. sarasvatI Adi vidvAnoM ne trilokasAra tiloyapaNNatti evaM jambUdvIpapaNNatisaMgaho Adi kA adhyayana kiyaa| lagabhaga 9 dazakoM meM mahAvIrAcArya ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para paryApta zodha kArya huA hai, inako samAhita karate hue hamane pro. surezacandra agravAla ke sahayoga se eka pustaka 'mahAvIrAcArya eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' likhI thI jisameM pradatta sUcanAoM kA prastuta kRti kI bhUmikA likhate samaya pro. padmAvathammA ne upayoga kiyaa| ve svayaM likhatI haiM The book in Hindi on Mahaviracarya authored by Dr. Anupam Jain was quite useful for me to write the preface.' pustaka kA mudraNa nirdoSa evaM AkarSaka hai| gaNita itihAsa vizeSataH bhAratIya gaNita ke adhyetAoM hetu pustaka upayogI hai| anuvAda kartrI isa zrama evaM samaya sAdhya kintu mahatvapUrNa kRti ke sRjana hetu badhAI kI pAtra hai| : DaoN. anupama jaina, gaNita vibhAga, holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura arhata vacana, 14 (2-3). 2002

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gatividhiyA~ 'jaina zilAlekhoM aura prAcIna jaina graMtha prazastiyoM kA yogadAna' - saMgoSThI zrI gaNeza varNI di. jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI meM Ayojita siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA ke antargata bhAratIya itihAsa ke nirmANa meM jaina zilAlekhoM evaM prAcIna jaina graMtha prazastiyoM kA yogadAna viSayaka Ayojita paMcama vyAkhyAna mAlA meM rASTrapati puraskAra se sammAnita pro. rAjArAma jaina, ArA ne pramukha vaktA ke rUpa meM bolate hue kahA ki jaina graMtha prazastiyoM aura zilAlekhoM ke adhyayana aura upayoga ke binA bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa kI samagratA adhUrI hI rahegI kyoMki prAcIna jaina zilAlekhoM aura graMtha prazastiyoM meM ullekhita tithiyA~, rAjavaMza, nagaroM/grAmoM, AcArya paramparA Adi ke ullekha bar3I prAmANikatA se milate haiN| suprasiddha itihAsajJa DaoN. ke.pI. jAyasavAla, rAkhAladAsa banarjI ke kathanAnusAra ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara ke pAsa sthita vizva vikhyAta udayagiri kI guphAoM meM hAthI gumphA meM upalabdha jaina samrATa khAravela ke zilAlekha ke anusAra bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa lekhana kArya prAraMbha hotA hai| yadi vaha zilAlekha na milatA to nizcaya hI IsA pUrva kA bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa aMdhakAra yugIna hI banA rhtaa| DaoN. jaina ne baDalI, samrATa azoka evaM samrATa khAravela ke prAkRta zilAlekhoM evaM brAhmI lipi ke AdhAra para batalAyA ki bhAratavarSa kA prAcya kAlIna itihAsa kitanA zAnadAra rhaa| DaoN. jaina ne Age kahA ki khAravela ke zilAlekhoM kI 10 vIM paMkti meM bhAratavarSa kA nAma kA ullekha na milatA to isa deza kA nAma itanA sundara na hotaa| Apane Age kahA ki isa samaya videzoM meM bhAratavarSa kI eka lAkha sattAIsa hajAra pA~ca sau (1,27,500) pAMDulipiyA~ surakSita haiN| unakA sUcIkaraNa evaM mUlyAMkana jaba taka nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa kA sarvAMgINa lekhana nahIM ho sktaa| prAraMbha meM unhoMne pAMDulipiyoM kA mahatva, pAMDulipi lekhana, usakI AvazyakatA, prAdurbhAva aura vikAsa, pAMDulipiyoM ke upakaraNa, IsA pUrva kI sadiyoM meM kAgaja aura bhoja patroM ke prayoga, pAMDulipiyoM kA kRti mUlaka vargIkaraNa, kAgaja kI pAMDulipiyA~, bhAratIya prAcIna lipiyA~, jaina sAhitya lekhana paramparA para vizada vivecana karate hue jaina pAMDulipiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM upalabdha kucha aitihAsika sAmagrI para rocaka dRSTi se prakAza ddaalaa| aMta meM unhoMne vyAkhyAnamAlA ke zatAbdI puruSa paM, phUlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ko zraddhAMjali arpita kii| vyAkhyAnamAlA ke saMyojaka DaoN. phUlacandra jaina 'premI' ne prAraMbha meM bhAratIya itihAsa ke nirmANa meM jaina graMtha prazastiyoM aura zilAlekhoM ke yogadAna kI carcA karate hue kahA ki yadi hameM bhAratIya itihAsa kA sahI dRSTi se adhyayana karanA hai to isa viSayaka gaMbhIra adhyayana aura sarvekSaNa Avazyaka hai| samrATa candragupta maurya ke jIvana ke uttarArdha kA adhyayana karanA hai to karnATaka ke zravaNabelagolA meM candragupta maurya kA zilpAMkana kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isI taraha bhArata ke aneka rAjAoM, rAjavaMzoM aura nagaroM ke adhyayana ke liye jaina graMtha prazastiyoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM kAzI vidyApITha ke itihAsa vibhAgAdhyakSa, pro. paramAnandasiMha ne kahA ki jaina sAhitya athAha hai| jaba taka hama prAkRta, pAli, saMskRta, apabhraMza Adi prAcIna bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana nahIM kareMge, taba taka bhAratIya itihAsa ke nirmANa meM aneka bAdhAyeM sadA upasthita rheNgii| ina bhASAoM ke sAhitya kI upekSA bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti kI upekSA hai| sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hai| jaina sAhitya kA bhaMDAra itanA vizAla hai ki koI bhI vyakti jIvana meM usakI sUcI bhI banAye to bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina graMtha prazastiyoM se itihAsa kI aneka ulajhI huI gutthiyA~ sulajha sakatI haiN| adhyakSIya vaktavya meM bhArata kalA bhavana ke pUrva nidezaka pro. ramezacandajI ne kahA ki isa vyAkhyAnamAlA ke pramukha vaktA pro. rAjArAma ne jaina graMtha prazastiyoM aura zilAlekhoM ke bhAratIya itihAsa ke nirmANa meM yogadAna kI carcA kI hai vaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki jaina sAhitya meM, vizeSakara jaina purANoM meM bhAratIya kalA viSayaka jo ciMtana kA vikAsa milatA hai, vaha atyaMta durlabha hai| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 125

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prAkRta bhASA aura brAhmI lipi meM ullikhita udayagiri-khaNDagiri kA zilAlekha bhAratIya itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM bahuta mahatva rakhatA hai| Apane gaNeza varNI di. jaina saMsthAna ke saMsthApaka paM. phUlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI kI jaina sAhitya ke vikAsa meM yogadAna kI sarAhanA kii| vyAkhyAnamAlA kA zubhAraMbha sAdhvIdvaya zrI siddhAntasAgarajI evaM samvegasAgarajI ke prAkRta bhASA ke maMgalAcaraNa evaM arihaMtakumAra jaina ke mahAvIrASTaka se huaa| AraMbha meM saMsthAna ke maMtrI DaoN. azokakumAra jaina ne atithiyoM kA svAgata karate hue saMsthAna kA tathA saMsthAna ke gauravazAlI prakAzanoM kA paricaya diyaa| isa avasara para "yaha jIvana kaThina kahAnI hai' nAmaka AdhyAtmika kAvya saMgraha pustaka kA vimocana pro. Ara.sI. zarmA ne apane kara kamaloM se kiyaa| aMta meM vyAkhyAna mAlA ke pramukha vaktA pro. rAjArAmajI jaina kA aMgavastra, zrIphala aura mAlyArpaNa dvArA sammAna kiyA gyaa| dhanyavAda jJApana vyAkhyAna mAlA ke saMyojaka evaM saMsthAna ke upAdhyakSa DaoN. phUlacandra jaina 'premI' ne kiyaa| - DaoN. phUlacandra jaina 'premI' jaina mahAvidyAlaya alavara meM ahiMsA para do divasIya rASTrIya saMgoSThI alvr| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa para zrI AdinAtha diga. jaina zikSaNa saMsthAna, alavara meM parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM ahiMsA para Ayojita dvidivasIya saMgoSThI kA zubhAraMbha bra. anItAjI ke maMgalAcaraNa se huaa| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA kI zrI pI.sI. jaina ne tathA dIpa prajjavalana kiyA jilA kalekTara mahodaya ne| ___ saMgoSThI meM sammilita DaoN. eca.sI. gupta, DaoN. sI.pI. mAthura, paM. nirmala jaina (satanA), zrI rivallImala jaina eDavokeTa, zrI tArAcanda premI, zrI pI.sI. jaina, zrI prakAzacanda jaina, DaoN. saMdIpa jaina (dillI), DaoN. azoka jaina (lADanUM) Adi vidvAnoM ne ahiMsA ke mahatva para apane vicAra vyakta kiye| upAdhyAya zrI ne kahA ki hamArA deza vartamAna meM anekoM gaMbhIra sthitiyoM se gujara rahA hai, deza hI nahIM, pUrA vizva Aja azAnta najara A rahA hai| isakA kAraNa hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya hai| cAroM ora jhUTha, kapaTa, anyAya, anIti, atyAcAra kA bolabAlA hai| vizva zAnti hetu Aja bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| 'pramattayogAt prANa vyaparopaNaM hiMsA', jaina darzana meM ahiMsA kI bahuta sUkSma vivecanA hai - jisake jIvana meM pramAda hai, asAvadhAnI, behozI hai, vahA~ hiMsA hai aura jisake jIvana meM sAvadhAnI hai, hoza hai, jAgarUkatA hai, vahA~ arhisA hai| zrI AdinAtha jaina zikSaNa saMsthAna ke adhyakSa zrI surendra jaina ne AbhAra vyakta kiyaa| - mukeza kumAra jaina zAstrI mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSada kA adhivezana sampanna mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSada kA dvitIya adhivezana ArA (bihAra) nivAsI pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina, mAnada nidezaka - zrI kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI kI adhyakSatA meM bhAtakulI di. jaina atizaya kSetra, amarAvatI (mahA.) meM dinAMka 12 - 13 janavarI 2002 ko sampanna huaa| isameM jaina itihAsa sambandhI zodha patra vAcana, viziSTa bhASaNa tathA vividha sAMskRtika kAryakramoM ke Ayojana kiye gye| isakA udghATana amarAvatI vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati DaoN. sudhIra pATila ne kiyaa| pariSada ke mahAsaciva zreNika annadAte ne pariSada ke kAryakalApoM para vistRta prakAza DAlA tathA maMca saMcAlana sau. padmA candrakAnta mahAjana evaM sau. mInA garIbe ne kiyaa| pariSada ke adhyakSa zrI satIza saMgaI ne dhanyavAda jJApana kiyaa| - sau. padmA candrakAnta mahAjana Ayojana saciva, amarAvatI (mahA.) 126 arhat vacana, 14 (2 -3), 2002

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bAsokuNDa meM vidvat goSThI sampanna bAsokuNDa, mujaphpharapura sthita prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava ke samApana samAroha ke avasara para 25-26 apraila 2002 ko vidvat goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| samAroha kI adhyakSatA bhImarAva ambeDakara bihAra vi.vi., mujaphpharapura ke kulapati pro. nIhAranandana siMha ne kI aura dIpa prajjavalita kara udghATana mujaphpharapura ke Ayukta zrI jayarAma lAla mINA ne kiyaa| saMgoSThI kA viSaya thA - 'AtaMkavAda ke zamana meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI praasNgiktaa| saMgoSThI ke prathama satra meM pro. pramodakumAra siMha - mujaphpharapura, pro. devanArAyaNa zarmA -mujaphpharapura, DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina - vArANasI, DaoN. jainamatI jaina - ArA Adi vidvAnoM ne apane zodha patra prastuta kiye| Ayukta mahodaya ne viSaya ke mahatva ko rekhAMkita kiyaa| saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. lAlacanda jaina ne viSaya pravartana karate hue ukta zIrSaka kI sArthakatA evaM uddezya ko pratipAdita kiyaa| apane adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM pro. nIhAranandana siMha ne kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza Aja bhI atyanta prAsaMgika haiN| unhoMne kahA ki AtaMkavAda ko bamoM aura hathiyAroM se nahIM miTAyA jA sakatA, usake liye to hameM mahAvIra ke ahiMsaka siddhAntoM ko hI apanAnA hogaa| satrAnta meM saMsthAna ke navIna gyAraha granthoM kA lokArpaNa kiyA gyaa| satra kA saMcAlana saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. lAlacanda jaina ne kiyaa| maMgalAcaraNa DaoN. maMjUbAlA evaM zrImatI padmA jaina ne kiyaa| 26 apraila ko DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina (vArANasI) kI adhyakSatA meM dUsarA satra prAraMbha huA jisameM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. lAlacaMda jaina, prAdhyApaka zrI zivakumAra mizra, DaoN. maMjUbAlA, DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina evaM zrI Ananda bhairava zAhI Adi vidvAnoM ne ukta saMdarbha meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye| isa satra kA saMcAlana DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina ne kiyaa| prAkRta, jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna ke ekAdaza granthoM kA lokArpaNa tIrthakara mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke samApana samAroha ke avasara para bAsokuNDa meM sthita prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI, zikSA vibhAga, bihAra sarakAra dvArA prakAzita nimnAMkita ekAdaza graMthoM kA bhavya lokArpaNa 25 apraila 2002 ko zrI jayarAmalAla mINA, Ai.e.esa., Ayukta tirahuta pramaNDala, mujaphpharapura evaM adhyakSa, kAryakAriNI - prakAzana samiti, prAkRta zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI aura pro. nIhAranandanasiMha, kulapati - bhImarAva ambeDakara bihAra vi.vi., mujaphpharapura ne vidvAnoM, jaina samAja ke pratinidhiyoM, padAdhikAriyoM aura sthAnIya prabuddha vizAla janasamUha kI upasthiti meM kiyaa| 1. advaitavAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina 2. paMcAstikAya kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina 3. niyamasAra, sampAdana, DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina 'phaujadAra' 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtra, sampAdana - anuvAda, DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva 5. mRcchakaTikam, sampAdana - anuvAda, pro. rAmakRSNa poddAra 6. ArhantikI, DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva 7. lIlAvaI, sampAdana - anuvAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina evaM DaoN, RSabhacandra jaina 'phaujadAra' 8. kaMsavaho, sampAdana - anuvAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina evaM DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina 9. prAkRta gadya-padya-baMdha, bhAga-3, hindI anuvAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina evaM DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina 'phaujadAra' 10. nayacakra, sampAdana - anuvAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina evaM DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina 11. tatvasAra, sampAdana - anuvAda, pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda jaina evaM DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina lokArpaNa kartAoM ne saMsthAna ke prakAzanoM kI mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kii| ukta graMthoM ke lekhakoM ko isa avasara para zAla, zrIphala evaM mAlyArpaNa dvArA sammAnita kiyA gyaa| lAlacanda jaina, nidezaka arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 127

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bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 vA~ janma kalyANaka mahAmahotsava kA samApana naI dillii| pradhAnamaMtrI zrI aTalabihArI vAjapeyI ne guruvAra, 25 apraila 2002 ko sIrIphorTa oNDiToriyama meM Ayojita bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava samApana samAroha meM kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ahiMsA, karUNA, prema aura bhAIcAre kA saMdeza hameM vizva bhara meM phailAnA hai| isa samAroha ko samApana na mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana va siddhAntoM ke pracAra-prasAra kI zrRMkhalA Age bhI jArI rahanI caahiye| pradhAnamaMtrI ne kahA ki anekatA meM ekatA kA saMdeza dene vAlA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda hI hameM bhaTakAva se bacA sakatA hai| varSa bhara calA vaha mahotsava sarakArI taura para avazya samApta huA hai lekina jaina samAja kA dAyitva hai ki vaha mahotsava ke racanAtmaka kAryakramoM ko jArI rkheN| bhArata sarakAra isameM pUrA sahayoga degI tathA mahotsava varSa ke sabhI kAryakrama pUre kiye jaayeNge| pradhAnamaMtrI ne kahA ki sarakAra pichar3a jAye to cintA mata kIjiye, samAja ko nahIM pichar3anA hai| / mahotsava ke bhavya samApana samAroha kA yaha Ayojana paryaTana evaM saMskRti maMtrAlaya tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 vA~ janma kalyANaka mahotsava mahAsamiti dvArA kiyA gyaa| pradhAnamaMtrI zrI aTalabihArI vAjapeyI ne mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM bhAga liyA tathA kendrIya paryaTana va saMskRti maMtrI zrI jagamohana ne samAroha kI adhyakSatA kii| kendrIya gRhamaMtrI zrI lAlakRSNa ADavANI, vittamaMtrI zrI yazavaMta sinhA, kendrIya kapar3A rAjyamaMtrI zrI dhanaMjayakumAra, kendrIya saMskRti saciva zrI ena. gopAla svAmI, prasiddha vidhivettA DaoN. lakSmImala siMghavI evaM mahAsamiti kI kAryAdhyakSa zrImatI indu jaina maMca para AsIna the| pradhAnamaMtrI ne bolate hue Age kahA ki Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva kI kalpanA kIjiye jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA evaM anekAnta kA darzana diyA jisameM dharmanirapekSatA, saha astitva evaM sahiSNutA kA pATha thaa| unake siddhAntoM meM bala prayoga kA koI sthAna nahIM thA balki Atma bala kI mahattA thii| anekatA meM ekatA hI saccI dharma nirapekSatA hai| unhoMne kahA ki Aja hama eka saMkaTapUrNa hiMsA ke daura se gujara rahe haiN| ho sakatA hai hama samaya - samaya para bhaTaka gaye hoN| aisI saMkaTapUrNa sthitiyoM se jUjhanA par3A ho, para hama apanA dharmanirapekSatA evaM anekatA meM ekatA kA lakSya kabhI nahIM bhuuleN| aMdhakAra meM prakAza kI yahI eka kiraNa hai jo hameM sahI rAstA dikhA rahI hai aura hameM kSaNika saMkaToM se ubAratI rahI hai| aMdhakAra meM jJAna ke dIpa kA prakAza hameM apanA lakSya mArga dikhaayegaa| hameM vizvAsa hai ki yaha sthiti zIghra sudhara jaayegii| hameM nirAza hone kI jarUrata nahIM kyoMki hamArA AdhAra majabUta hai aura bhaviSya ujjavala hai| unhoMne gujarAta meM hiMsA kI ghaTanAoM para pazcima va yUropIya dezoM kI TippaNiyoM para kahA ki ve dharmanirapekSatA para hameM upadeza na deN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ahiMsA, anekAnta va sahiSNutA kA darzana dharmanirapekSatA kA darzana hai jo hamAre pUrvaja hajAroM sAla pahale hameM sikhA gaye haiN| hameM ise kAragara rUpa meM amala meM lAnA hai| AtmaciMtana kI mudrA meM unhoMne vizva ke jaina maMdiroM kA ullekha karate hue kahA ki ye kalAtmaka maMdira hameM zatAbdiyoM se mAnavatA kA saMdeza de rahe haiN| ye maMdira kaise bane, kaise unakI rakSA ho, sabhI inakA darzana kareM, mahAvIra kI mAnavatA kA saMdeza 'duniyA bhara meM phaile, yahI hama cAhate haiN| svAgata bhASaNa karate hue mahAsamiti kI kAryAdhyakSa zrImatI indu jaina ne jaina dharma kI AdhArabhUta dena - ahiMsA, anekAnta, dharmanirapekSavAda evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa para prakAza ddaalaa| unhoMne kahA ki ahiMsA evaM anekAnta se bar3A koI dharma nahIM hai jo sabhI jIvoM ko jIvana jIne kA samAna adhikAra va dUsaroM ke mata ko sammAna denA sikhAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ahiMsA kA saMdeza isa hiMsaka vizva meM aura adhika samIcIna ho gayA hai| yaha paramparA prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha se prAraMbha hokara Aja taka pravAhita hai| unhoMne jaina samAja ko 'alpasaMkhyaka samudAya ghoSita karane kI bhI prArthanA sarakAra se kii| zrImatI jaina ne kahA ki mahAvIra sabase bar3e dharmanirapekSa the jinhoMne apane saMgha 128 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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meM liMga, jAti evaM varNa ke bhedabhAva ke binA zrAvakoM ko samAna sthAna diyA aura viparIta vicAradhArA vAloM ko bhI sahajatA se vivekAnusAra Adara dene kA upadeza diyaa| kendrIya gRhamaMtrI zrI lAlakRSNa ADavANI ne isa bAta para bala diyA ki mahAvIra ke saMdeza kI Aja kI hiMsaka paristhitiyoM meM adhika AvazyakatA evaM sArthakatA hai| unake jaina darzana ke gahana jJAna se zrotAgaNa taba abhibhUta ho gaye jana unhoMne ratnatraya - samyak darzana, samyak jJAna evaM samyak cAritra kI vistRta vyAkhyA kii| unhoMne kahA ki ratnatraya meM samyak cAritra sabase mahatvapUrNa hai| darzana aura jJAna ko AcaraNa meM utArakara hI pratyeka vyakti kA jIvana sArthaka ho sakatA hai| zrI ADavANI ne gujarAta kA ullekha karate hue kahA ki yahI sahI vakta hai jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ahiMsAvAda kI sakhta jarUrata hai| kendrIya vittamaMtrI zrI yazavaMta sinhA ne bhArata kI arthavyavasthA meM jaina samAja ke mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kI sarAhanA kI aura isa bAta para bala diyA ki isa samudAya ke yogadAna ko rekhAMkita kiye jAne kI AvazyakatA hai| unhoMne kahA ki maiM jaina parivAra meM to nahIM janmA hU~ kintu mujhe gaurava hai ki merA janma usa rAjya meM huA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi evaM karmabhUmi hai| kendrIya paryaTana evaM saMskRti maMtrI zrI jagamohana ne batAyA ki unake maMtrAlaya ne dezabhara meM jaina maMdiroM, tIrthoM, sthApatya - smArakoM evaM purA - sthaloM ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana ke liye 81 kArya - yojanAoM prArambha kI gaI haiN| kI rAzi AvaMTita kI gaI hai| inake liye 51 karor3a rupaye kI rAzi AbaMTita kI gaI hai| ina sabhI mahatvapUrNa sthaloM ko paryaTana kI dRSTi se eka projekTa ke antargata jor3A jAyegA aura sar3aka, pAnI va bijalI kI dRSTi se unakA vikAsa hogaa| unhoMne racanAtmaka kAryoM para bala dete hue isa bAta para Azcarya vyakta kiyA ki hama preraka jIvana siddhAntoM kI bAta to karate haiM kintu kitane loga haiM jo jIvana meM unheM apanAte haiN| zrI jagamohana ne Azvasta kiyA ki mahotsava varSa ke zeSa sabhI kArya pUre hoMge aura vittamaMtrI zrI yazavaMta sinhA kI ora dekhate hue kahA ki vittamaMtrI zeSa kAryoM ke liye isa varSa meM pUrA bajaTa deNge| sAMsada evaM vidhivettA DaoN. lakSmImala siMghavI ne kahA ki Aja kA dina 'dhanyatA aura dhanyavAda' kA divasa hai| pradhAnamaMtrIjI ke prati hama kRtajJa haiM ki unhoMne isa mahotsava ko ahiMsA varSa ke rUpa meM rASTrIya stara para Ayojita kiyA aura hama dhanya haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha 2600 vA~ janma kalyANaka mahotsava hama AjAda deza ke rUpa meM manA rahe haiN| 2500 veM janma kalyANaka varSa ke samaya bhArata parAdhIna thA, Aja svAdhIna hai| mahAvIra eka sanAtana vicAra aura darzana hai jo hamAre jIvana mUlyoM ko saMskArita karatA hai| unhoMne vizva ko 'manuSyatA kA saMvidhAna' diyaa| mahAvIra ne usa paramparA se prANImAtra ko anuprANita kiyA jo AdhyAtmika jIvana - mUlyoM ke rUpa meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se prabhAvita thii| isa aitihAsika samAroha meM pradhAnamaMtrI zrI aTalabihArI vAjapeyI ne bhArata sarakAra dvArA jArI 100 rUpaye ke smRti sikkoM evaM 5 rUpaye ke pracalana sikkoM kA lokArpaNa kiyaa| sAtha hI pradhAnamaMtrIjI ne paMjAba sarakAra ke svarNa evaM rajata meDiliyana kA bhI lokArpaNa kiyaa| ina para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yogAsana mudrA meM citra hai tathA dUsarI ora jaina pratIka evaM maMgala kalaza hai| sAtha meM 'ahiMsA paramodharma:' aura 'jiyo aura jIne do' aMkita hai| paMjAba sarakAra ke svarNa evaM rajata meDiliyana kI jAnakArI nimna prakAra hai - 10 grAma sone ke golDa meDeliyana kI kImata rU. 5800/- hai| 50 grAma ke cAMdI ke meDiliyana kI kImata 700 rUpaye hai| baiMka oNpha paMjAba tathA eca.DI.epha.sI. baiMka kI kucha zAkhAoM sahita paMjAba imporiyama - 'phUlakArI' - sI-6, bAbA khar3akasiMha mArga, naI dillI meM ina meDiliyana ke liye bukiMga kI vyavasthA hai| arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 129

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sikha, bauddha va jaina ko hindU se alaga dharma mAnane kA sujhAva sikha, bauddha evaM jaina - matAvalaMbiyoM kI alaga pahacAna ko mAnyatA dene kI maMzA se saMvidhAna samIkSA Ayoga ne siphAriza kI hai ki sikha, bauddha aura jaina paMtha ko hindU mata se 'alaga-dharma' kA mAnA jAnA cAhie aura kahA ki ina paMthoM ke matAvalaMbiyoM ko hinduoM se jor3anevAle saMvaidhAnika prAvadhAna ko khatma kara denA caahie| gauratalaba hai ki saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 25 kI maujUdA spaSTIkaraNa 2 (anta:karaNa kI AjAdI va svataMtra - vyavasAya, AcaraNa va dharma-pracAra) ke tahata kahA gayA hai ki hinduoM ke saMdarbha meM sikha, bauddha va jaina dharma mAnane vAle logoM ko bhI zAmila karake artha lagAyA jAegA aura hinduoM kI dhArmika - saMsthAoM kA Azaya bhI usI taraha hogaa| sarakAra ko sauMpI gaI nyAyamUrti ema.ena. veMkaTacalaiyA Ayoga kI siphAriza ke anusAra saMvidhAna ke anuccheda-25 ke spaSTIkaraNa-2 ko saMvidhAna se haTAne ke lie kahA gayA hai| Ayoga ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki anuccheda-25 meM eka upaniyama jor3a diyA jAe, jisase jo bAta isa anuccheda ke eka niyama meM nahIM kI gaI hai aura isase kisI maujUdA - kAnUna kA kriyAnvayana prabhAvita na hotA ho, yA sAmAjika - kalyANa va sudhAra ke lie koI kAnUna banAne se rAjya ko rokatA na ho, yA jo sArvajanika prakRti kI hindU dhArmika - saMsthAoM ko hindU- samudAya ke sabhI vargoM ke lie kholatA ho| Ayoga ne isI krama meM Age yaha bhI sujhAva diyA hai ki anuccheda-25 ke niyama (2) ke upaniyama (bI) ko isa prakAra par3hA jAe ki sAmAjika kalyANa va sudhAra ke lie yA hindU, sikha, jaina va bauddhoM kI sArvajanika mahatvavAlI sabhI dhArmika - saMsthAoM kA daravAjA ina dharmoM ke sabhI vargoM va samudAyoM ke lie khola diyA jaaye| sarvodaya zikSaNa zivira meM vargodaya kA pATha na par3hAyeM -gaNinI jJAnamatI bhagavAna mahAvIra jayaMtI mahotsava ke paMcadivasIya kAryakrama ke antargata pUjya gaNinI pramukha zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM phirojAbAda zahara meM 27 apraila 2002 ko Ayojita 'raidhU puraskAra' samAroha (zrI zyAmasundaralAla zAstrI zruta prabhAvaka nyAsa dvArA) meM puraskAra vijetA prakhyAta samAjasevI jIvanadAdA pATIla (mahA.) ko preraNA pradAna karate hue pUjya mAtAjI ne unake dvArA Ayojita sarvodaya zikSaNa ziviroM meM vargodaya kA pATha na par3hAye jAne kI apanI AMtarika bhAvanA vyakta kii| pUjya mAtAjI ne kahA ki Aja samAja bhinna-bhinna sAdhuoM se sambandhita bhaktoM rUpI vargoM meM vibhakta hotA calA jA rahA hai, yaha pravRtti sarvathA avAMchanIya hai| zrAvakoM ke liye to sabhI digambara jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI pUjanIya haiM, ata: zikSA ziviroM ke mAdhyama se to isa pravRtti ko kataI baDhAvA nahIM diyA jAnA caahiye| zrI jIvana dAdA pATIla ne bar3e harSa evaM utsAhapUrvaka tIna bAra pUjya mAtAjI ke caraNoM meM namostu karake isa saMkalpa ko grahaNa karate hue pUjya mAtAjI ke prati apane zraddhAbhAva vyakta kiye| / bra. (ku.) svAti jaina, saMghastha kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra - 2002 evaM __ jJAnodaya puraskAra - 2002 hetu Avedana patra kundakunda jJAnapITha kAryAlaya meM upalabdha haiN| Avedana kI antima tithi 31.12.2002 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 130

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zrI pArasadAsajI jaina ko 'sAhU zrI azoka jaina smRti puraskAra' naI dillii| rASTrasaMta jya AkarvazrI vidyAmandIbunirAjamA AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI munirAja sAhabI joka aura smRti puraskAra samarpaNa-samAroha ke 78 veM janmotsava para unhIM ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM 22 apraila 2002 ko pareDa maidAna ke vaizAlI maNDapa meM Ayojita eka aitihAsika evaM bhavya samAroha meM deza ke variSTha patrakAra evaM pramukha samAjasevI zrI pArasadAsajI jaina ko unakI ananya sAmAjika evaM sAhityika sevAoM ke liye samAja ke zIrSa netA sAhU zrI azoka kumAra jaina kI puNya smRti meM digambara jaina samAja bar3auta dvArA AcAryazrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM Ayojita bhavya samAroha meM sthApita varSa 2002 kA 'sAhU variSTha patrakAra va samAjasevI zrI pArasadAsa jaina ko 'sAhU azoka jaina smRti zrI azoka jaina smRti puraskAra' puraskAra' se sammAnita karate hue jasTisa vijendra jain| pradAna kiyA gyaa| puraskAra samiti ke adhyakSa zrI sukhamAlacanda jaina ne unheM mAlyArpaNa, sAhU zrI ramezacanda jaina ne zAla, samAroha ke adhyakSa dillI hAIkorTa ke nyAyamUrti zrI vijendra jaina ne prazasti patra, zrIphala evaM eka lAkha rUpaye kI rAzi pradAna kii| unheM svarNa padaka pahanAkara 'zrAvaka ziromaNi' kI upAdhi se bhI alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| samAroha kA vidvattApUrNa saMcAlana karate hue DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne prazasti patra kA vAcana kiyaa| AcAryazrI ne apane AzIrvacana meM kahA ki pArasadAsajI ne sAhU zAMtiprasAdajI, ramAjI, zreyAMsaprasAdajI ke sAtha kArya karate hue jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna diyaa| azokajI inheM mitra mAnate the| inhoMne sAhitya, samAja aura dharma kI mahAna sevA kI hai| samAja inakI sevA bhulA nahIM sktaa| inake putra anila jaina bhI nepAla meM jaina dharma kI bhArI prabhAvanA kara rahe haiN| samAroha ke mukhya atithi kendrIya sAmAjika nyAsa evaM adhikAritA maMtrI zrI satyanArAyaNa jaTiyA ne kahA ki samAja meM sadkArya karane vAloM kA sammAna honA hI caahiye| pArasadAsajI kI samAjasevA sabhI ke liye eka anukaraNIya Adarza hai| lAlabahAdura saMskRta vidyApITha vi.vi. ke upakulapati pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya ne kahA ki hama azokajI kI taraha zoka rahita, mitabhASI, saMkalpa ke dhanI pArasamaNi bneN| AcAryazrI aise prakarSa dIpa haiM jo apane sAnnidhya meM Ane vAle pratyeka prANI ko jJAnavAna banA dete haiM, inakI chAyA amRta rUpa / / bhA.di. jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI evaM pariSada ke rASTrIya adhyakSa sAhU ramezacandajI ne pArasadAsajI ko niSThAvAna va saccaritra samAjasevI batAte hue unakI ni:svArtha samAjasevA kI sarAhanA kii| DaoN. hukamacanda jaina bhArilla ne unakI samAja kI ekatA ke liye kiye gaye prayAsoM kI sarAhanA kii| zrI pArasadAsajI ne AbhAra vyakta karate hue kahA ki AcAryazrI kI dRSTi vyApaka hai, unhIM ke AzIrvAda se ve sevA ke kAryoM meM Age bar3ha sake haiN| sAhU azokajI ko samAja kA gAMdhI batAte hue unhoMne kahA ki ve samanvayavAdI the| hamezA saMgaThana kI bAta karate the| pArasadAsajI ne zrama aura mAnavatA ke prati apanI aTUTa AsthA ko nirantara banAye rakhane kA saMkalpa vyakta karate hue puraskAra rAzi eka lAkha rUpaye samAjasevI kAryoM meM hI kharca karane kI ghoSaNA kii| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 131

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'AcArya kundakunda' evaM 'AcArya umAsvAmI' puraskAra samarpita gata 28 apraila 2002 ko rASTra saMta AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI ke maMgala sAnnidhya evaM pUrva lokasabhAdhyakSa zrI zivarAja pATila ke mukhya Atithya meM a.mA. AyurvijJAna saMsthAna ke javAharalAla neharU sabhAgAra meM prAkRta bhASA ke kSetra meM vizeSa kArya hetu DA. nAmavarasiMha ko AcArya kundakunda puraskAra tathA saMskRta bhASA evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya yogadAna hetu pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya ko AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| ina puraskAroM kA saMyojana kundakunda bhAratI, dillI dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| puraskRta manISI vidvAnoM ko kuMdakuMda jJAnapITha parivAra kI ora se hArdika badhAI / vAgbhAratI puraskAra 2000 evaM 2001 kI ghoSaNA yuvA vidvAnoM va nava pratibhAoM ko protsAhana dene kI mUla bhAvanA se sthApita vAgbhAratI puraskAra kI ghoSaNA kara dI gaI hai| varSa 2000 kA vAgbhAratI puraskAra DaoN. ujjavalA sureza gausavI (jaina), auraMgAbAda ko tathA varSa 2001 kA puraskAra paM. pavanakumAra jaina 'dIvAna' zAstrI, murainA ko pradAna karane kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai| puraskAra meM rU. 11, 111 / kI nagada rAzi pratIka cinha, abhinandana patra vastra Adi bheMTa kiyA jAtA hai| isakI sthApanA DaoN. suzIlakumAra jaina, mainapurI dvArA varSa 1998 meM pUjya muni zrI prajJAsAgarajI muni zrI prasannasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM kI gaI thii| varSa 98 kA puraskAra paM. zailendra jaina, bInA tathA 99 kA puraskAra DaoN. surendra jaina 'bhAratI', burahAnapura ko pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| DaoN. zrImatI ujjavalA gausavI ko yaha puraskAra pU. muni zrI prajJAsAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM zruta paMcamI parva para rAMcI meM tathA paM. pavanakumArajI jaina ko yaha puraskAra 1 sitambara ko pradAna kiyA gyaa| varSa 2002 ke liye nAma punaH sAdara AmaMtrita hai| vidvAna kI Ayu 40 varSa se adhika nahIM honI cAhiye tathA ve parva para pravacanArtha avazya jAte ho / # DaoN. saurabha jaina, maMtrI vAgbhAratI TrasTa, mainapurI DaoN. mahAvIra rAja gelarA mahAdevalAla sarAvagI Agama manISA puraskAra se sammAnita terApaMtha zvetAmbara jaina dharmasaMgha ke yazasvI AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI kI pAvana sannidhi meM 21 janavarI 2002 ko jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna ke pUrva kulapati tathA jaina darzana evaM vijJAna ke prakhyAta vidvAna pro. ema. Ara. gelarA ko rU. 51,000 = 00 ke mahAdevalAla sarAvagI jaina Agama manISA puraskAra 2002 se sammAnita kiyA gayA / DaoN. gelasa ko yaha puraskAra jaina AdhyAtmika sAhitya ke kSetra meM utkRSTa yogadAna hetu pradAna kiyA gyaa| pro. ke. ke. jaina, bInA ahiMsA inTaranezanala bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla jaina zAkAhAra puraskAra 2000 se sammAnita 132 - zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya bInA meM rAjanIti vijJAna ke prAdhyApaka evaM ena.sI.sI. adhikArI pro. (mejara) ke. ke. jaina ko zAkAhAra ke pracAra prasAra ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya hetu varSa 2000 ke ahiMsA inTaranezanala bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla jaina puraskAra 2000 se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| badhAI - arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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Renowned Scholar of Jainology Dr. Vasantraj Honoured with Felicitation Volume Renowned Scholar, Retd. Professor and Head of the Dept. of Jainology in Mysore and Madras Universities was felicitated on the eve of his completing 75 years of age. Prof. Shubhchandra welcomed and told that Dr. Jayendra Soni will reveal a surprise. Dr. Soni, Professor, Martburg University-Germany brought out a packet from his bag and requested Prof. Hegde, Vice-Chancellor of Mysore University to release it and offered it to Dr. Vasantraj. The gathering was rather curious to know and see it. Dr. Hedge opened and announded that it was rather curious to know and see it. Dr. Hegde opened and announced that it was a felicitation volume 'Vasant Gouram' edited by Dr. Soni. He had spent nearly two years to collect research papers from scholars on Jainology from all over the world and kept it a secrete. Dr. Hedge appreciated the scholarship of Dr. Vasantraj and desired that the universities should come forward to utilise the scholarship of such retired scholars. On hearing the title of Felicitation Volume, the gathering was mered and silently extended warm appreciation to Dr. Soni for his efforts in recognising the qualities of an Indian Scholar. It may be said that this is the first event that an Indian Scholar has been honoured with felicitation volume by a Profesor of German University, containing research papers in Jainology by scholars from India and abroad. Dr. Vasnatraj replying for his felicitation expressed his happiness to the Vice-Chancellor of the University, where he had rendered service for long time had come for the function. He acknowledged the love and affection of students, friends and admirors and especially Mr. & Mrs. Soni for his selfless venture. Shri Rajshekhar Kuti, Editor-Andolan daily, was the chief guest on the occasion. He appreciated the contribution of Dr. Vasantraj to the study and research in Jainology. He also expressed his admiration for Dr. Soni's noble. work. The function was organised in the residence of Dr. Vasantraj in Kuvempunagar, Mysore. Smt. Ratnavatidevi Vasantraj, Dr. Soni, Luitguard Soni were dias. Smt. H.R. Leeladevi, President, State Sangeet Nratya Academy, Famous singer H.S. Kaghuram, Dr. Taranath, Shri Chandrakeerti were few amoung the members attended the function. DaoN. sudIpa jaina sammAnita prAkRta vidyA ke yazasvI sampAdaka DaoN. sudIpa jaina ko varSa 2002 ke prAkRta bhASA viSayaka rASTrapati sammAna se sammAnita karane kI ghoSaNA kI gii| isa sammAna hetu jJAnapITha parivAra kI hArdika badhAI / arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002 133

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jaina dharma kI sarvottama pustakoM para do lAkha rupayoM ke puraskAra kI ghoSaNA bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuNDezana, cennaI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke upalakSya meM jaina dharma evaM darzana kI hindI va aMgrejI kI sarvottama pustaka para pratyeka para eka lAkha rUpaye puraskAra svarUpa pradAna karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| pratyeka puraskAra prAptakarttA ko prazastipatra evaM smRticinha bhI pradAna kiye jaayeNge| isa pustaka ko likhavAne kA uddezya eka hI hai ki eka hI pustaka dvArA jaina dharma evaM darzana kA hArdra (marma) abhivyakta ho pustaka kI bhASA sarala evaM sarasa honI cAhiye tAki sAmAnya jijJAsu vyakti (jaina evaM jainettara) bhI usakA Azaya bhalIbhAMti samajha sake isa pustaka meM kisI vizeSa jaina sampradAya kA prastutIkaraNa nahIM honA cAhiye prastuta kI jAne vAlI pustaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sArvabhaumika siddhAntoM kA Adhunika DhaMga se pratipAdana tathA vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM usakI upayogitA Adi kA pratipAdana avazya kiyA jAnA caahiye| viSaya ko aura adhika sugama banAne ke liye pustaka meM citra evaM rekhA citra bhI diye jA sakate haiN| pustaka kA zIrSaka AkarSaka ho / sAmAnyatayA pustaka kI anumAnita pRSTha saMkhyA 250 se adhika nahIM honI cAhiye pustaka lekhaka kI maulika tathA aprakAzita kRti honI cAhiye isa puraskAra ke atirikta, phAuNDezana apanI icchAnusAra aisI anya kRtiyoM ko, yadi yogya pAyI gaI to rU. 50000/pratyeka ke do puraskAra bhI pradAna kara sakatI hai| cayana samiti dvArA vicArArtha pustaka kI pANDulipi kI chaha pratiyA~ pRSTha (e / 4 sAija) ke eka tarapha TAipa karAkara jamA karAnI hogii| prAraMbha meM pustaka kA sArAMza, jo dasa pRSThoM se adhika na ho, phAuNDezana ko preSita karanA hogaa| phAuNDezana hindI evaM aMgrejI bhASAoM ke vidvAnoM ko uparyukta niyamoM ke AdhAra para jaina dharma evaM darzana para sarvottama pustaka likhane ke liye AmaMtrita karatA hai| anya vivaraNa hetu saMyojaka se nimna pate para samparka kareM cintaka / lekhakoM ke liye apUrva avasara cintanazIla lekhakoM ko yaha jAnakara prasannatA hogI ki zrI diga, jaina sAhitya, saMskRti, saMrakSaNa samiti ke saMsthApaka suzrAvaka zrI zikharacandrajI jaina, naI dillI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janmakalyANaka samAroha varSa ko sArthaka banAne hetu bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA viSaya para likhita sarvotkRSTa graMtha para rU. 51,000/- ke puraskAra kI ghoSaNA kI hai| yaha pustaka maulika hone ke sAtha sAtha rocaka zailI tathA sarala bhASA meM sarvagamya honI caahiye| dulIcanda jaina, saMyojaka po.bA. 2983, 11 ponnappA lena, Trippilakena hAI roDa, cennaI-600005 phona : 044-8571066, 8571246 vartamAnakAlIna viSama samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM ahiMsA kI upayogitA, sAtha hI jainettara prAcya evaM pAzcAtya cintakoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA kI paribhASAoM se jaina ahiMsA ke vaiziSTya kA pratipAdana bhI usameM anivArya hai isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hogA ki usameM itara dharmoM ke prati chIMTAkazI na ho tathA vaha graMtha pUrNatayA nirvivAda ho / 134 aneka vidvAnoM ke pAsa sUcanA patra preSita kiye jA cuke haiN| phira bhI yadi kisI kAraNa se unake pAsa sUcanA na pahu~cI ho, to nimna pate para patra likhakara vistRta jAnakArI maMgavAne kI kRpA kareM - - zikharacanda jaina DI 302, viveka vihAra, naI dillI 110095 phona: 011-2152244 2167631 phaiksa : 011-2281100 - arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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DaoN. pATIla 'cAmuNDarAya puraskAra' se sammAnita karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya, dhAravAr3a ke kannar3a tathA jaina zAstra viSaya ke sevAnivRta adhyApaka DaoN. pATIla ko unake samIkSAtmaka saMzodha prabandha 'cAmuNDarAya purANa - eka adhyayana' ke liye kannar3a sAhitya pariSada, baiMgalaura kI ora se prastuta varSa 2001-2002 kA 'cAmuNDarAya puraskAra' ghoSita huaa| zeDavAla (ji. belagAMva) ke DaoN. pATIla ne 'jaina saMskRti tathA sAhitya', 'jaina saMskRti tathA tyohAra', 'karnATaka aura marAThI sAhitya', 'strI','atithi' tathA marAThI lekhikAoM kI kathAoM kA anuvAda sahita lagabhaga 40 granthoM kI racanA kI hai| 26 pratibhAe~ 'jaina ratna' se sammAnita bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600 veM janma jayaMtI samAroha kI pUrNatA para jaina samAja dillI ke saujanya se zAha oNDiToriyama, dillI meM 28.4.2002 ko jaina ratna alaMkaraNa samAroha Ayojita kiyA gyaa| pUjya upAdhyAya muni zrI guptisAgarajI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnnidhya, N.C.E.R.T. ke adhyakSa pro. je. esa. rAjapUta ke mukhya Atithya tathA lakhanaU Teknikala vi.vi. ke upakulapati pro. durgAsiMha cauhAna kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna isa kAryakrama meM deza ke zIrSastha jaina samAjasevI sammilita hue| . manoja jaina, dillI vizAla jaina saMskAra zivira sampanna dezamadarasana zramaNa saMskRti vidyA mA digambara jaina mahi varddhana TrasTa, indaura tathA digambara jaina mahilA saMgaThana, indaura ke saMyukta tatvAvadhAna meM dinAMka 5 se 9 maI 2002 ke madhya gommaTagiri para vizAla jaina bAla saMskAra zivira pUjya upAdhyAya muni zrI nijAnandasAgarajI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isa atyanta saphala zivira meM 300 bacce sammilita hue| kAryakrama ke saMyojana meM zrImatI sumana jaina, zrImatI mInA vinAyakyA, zrImatI uSA pATanI kI pramukha bhUmikA rhii| vaidya jJAnacandajI 'jJAnendra' kA nidhana DhAnA ke vayovRddha kavi, sAhityakAra evaM samAjasevI paMDita vaidya jJAnacandajI jaina 'jJAnendra' kA dukhada nidhana ho gyaa| Apa kaI sAmAjika, dhArmika saMsthAoM se jur3e hue the| Apane kaI vartamAna jvalanta samasyAoM se jur3e sAmAjika aura dhArmika viSayoM ko kavitAoM ke mAdhyama se janasAdhAraNa taka phuNcaayaa| Apane deza ke svataMtratA saMgrAma Andolana meM bhI khulakara bhAga liyaa| Apako akhila bhAratIya jaina svataMtratA senAnI samAroha meM mahAmahima rASTrapati dvArA sammAnita kiyA gyaa| kundakunda jJAnapITha se bhI Apa parokSa rUpa meM jur3e rahe haiN| jJAnapITha kI ora se vinamra shrddhaaNjli| arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 135

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- indaura sammAnita - suprasiddha di. jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI meM 27 apraila 2002 ko sArvajanika mele ke avasara para vidyA vayovRddha paM. nAthUrAmajI DoMgarIya, indaura ko unakI sadya: likhita evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita kRti 'samIcIna sArvadharma sopAna' grantha ke upalakSya meM zrI jaina vidyA saMsthAna, zrImahAvIrajI dvArA unake saMyojaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI tathA kSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa evaM mAnya samasta padAdhikAriyoM dvArA bar3I prasannatA evaM utsAha ke sAtha tilaka lagAkara motiyoM kA hAra pahanAkara, zAla or3hAkara prazasti patra ke sAtha ru.5,000/- samarpaNa kara abhinandana kiyA gyaa| - vayovRddha vidvAna paM. nAthUrAmajI DoMgarIya samAroha meM paramapUjya 108 muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja kA sAnnidhya prApta thA tathA jaina / ajaina hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM janatA maujUda thI yaha puraskAra bra pUrNacanda riddhilatA luhAr3iyA ke nAma se prAyojita thaa| puraskAra ke saMyojaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI ne paMDitajI kA paricaya dete hue grantha kI sArvajanika evaM sArvabhaugika upayogitA para prakAza DAlate hue use Adhunika aneka bhramoM kA nivAraka pratipAdita kiyA tathA use eka nirdoSa yugIna zrAvakAcAra ghoSita kiyA tathA samAja meM usake pracAra prasAra kI AvazyakatA para bala diyaa| - jaina dharma darzana evaM saMskRti tathA apabhraMza patrAcAra pramANapatra (Certificate) pAThyakrama 2003 meM praveza digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita jaina vidyA saMsthAna, bhaTTArakajI kI nasiyA~, savAI rAmasiMha ror3a, jayapura - 4 tathA apabhraMsa sAhitya akAdamI dvArA nirdhArita uparyukta pAThyakrama bhArata sthita una adhyayanArthiyoM ke liye hoMge jinhoMne kisI bhI vizvavidyAlaya se snAtaka parIkSA uttIrNa kI hai| isakA mAdhyama hindI bhASA hogaa| isameM hindI tathA prAntIya bhASA vibhAgoM ke sAtha-sAtha anya sabhI vibhAgoM ke adhyApaka, zodhArthI, adhyayanarata chAtra evaM saMsthAnoM meM kAryarata vidvAna sammilita ho skeNge| niyamAvalI evaM Avedana patra akAdamI kAryAlaya, digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha ror3a, jayapura 4 se prApta kareM pAThyakrama kA satra 1 janavarI 2003 se 31 disambara 2003 taka rhegaa| nirdhArita Avedana patra jayapura kAryAlaya se maMgavAkara 30 akTUbara 2002 taka bhejeN| 136 praveza anumati milane para pAThyakrama kA zulka ru. 150/- DrAphTa dvArA dinAMka 30.11.2002 taka bhejanA hogaa| # DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI, saMyojaka arhat vacana, 14 (23). 2002

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vidvat pariSada dvaya ke cunAva sampanna a.bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSada (DaoN. ramezacandra jaina guTa) ke trivArSika cunAva dinAMka 13 disambara 2001 ko devabaMda (jilA sahAranapura) meM DaoN. ramezacanda jaina kI adhyakSatA meM nimna prakAra kiye gaye - adhyakSa - DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' (vArANasI), upAdhyakSa - DaoN. zItalacanda jaina (jayapura), maMtrI - DaoN. surendrakumAra jaina 'bhAratI' (burahAnapura), saMyukta maMtrI - DaoN. vimalA jaina (phirojAbAda), upamaMtrI - DaoN. nemIcanda jaina (khuraI), koSAdhyakSa - bra. paM. amaracanda jaina (kuMDalapura), prakAzana maMtrI - DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina (vaaraannsii)| DaoN. ramezacanda (bijanaura), DaoN. vRSabha prasAda jaina va DaoN. vijayakumAra (lakhanaU), DaoN. surezacandra va DaoN. hukamacaMda jaina (dillI), DaoN. supArzvakumAra (bar3auta), DaoN. vijayakumAra (vaizAlI), DaoN. premacanda rAMvakA va DaoN. sanatakumAra (jayapura), DaoN. eca.pI. saMgave (solApura), DaoN. zubhacandra (maisUra), paM. pUrNacanda 'sumana' (durga), paM. lAlacanda 'rAkeza' (gaMjabAsodA) kAryakAriNI sadasya cune gye| svasti zrI cArUkIrtijI bhaTTAraka (zravaNabelagolA). saMhitAsurI paM. nAthUlAlajI va paM. ratanalAlajI (indaura), pro. udayacanda jaina (vArANasI), paM. gulAbacaMda 'puSpa' (TIkamagar3ha), DaoN. nandalAla jaina (rIvA), DaoN. ratanacanda jaina (bhopAla) tathA DaoN. bhAgacanda 'bhAskara' (nAgapura) saMrakSaka bne| jJAtavya hai ki pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja isa samaya devabanda meM hI virAjamAna the| zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSada (DaoN, rAjArAma guTa) ke trivarSIya cunAva AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM tathA kAryAdhyakSa DaoN. hakamacaMda "bhArilla' kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna pariSada kI sAdhAraNa sabhA kI baiThaka meM nimna prakAra kiye gaye - adhyakSa - paM. prakAzacandra jaina 'hitaiSI' zAstrI (dillI), kAryAdhyakSa - DaoN. hukamacanda 'bhArilla' (jayapura), upAdhyakSa - DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina (vArANasI), mahAmaMtrI - DaoN. satyaprakAza jaina (dillI), maMtrI - DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala (amalAI), saMgaThana maMtrI - DaoN. udayacandra jaina (udayapura), pracAra maMtrI - zrI akhila baMsala (jayapura) evaM koSAdhyakSa - paM. azoka goyala zAstrI (dillii)| DaoN. vimalaprakAza jaina (dillI ), DaoN. bI.ela. seThI (jhUnjhunU), DaoN. pI.sI. jaina (jayapura), zrI anUpacanda jaina eDavokeTa (phirojAbAda), zrI zreNika annadAte (DoMbivalI), DaoN. kamaleza jaina (dillI), paM. zAMtikumAra pATila (jayapura), paM. hemacanda jaina (bhopAla), paM. mahendrakumAra jaina zAstrI (hastinApura), paM. kastUracandra jaina (vidizA) tathA zrI Ananda prakAza jaina (dillI) kAryakAriNI sadasya cune gye| inake alAvA DaoN. esa.pI. jaina (dhAravAr3a) tathA zrI satIza jaina (dillI) ko kAryakAriNI samiti dvArA sahavaraNa kiyA gyaa| svasti zrI bhaTTAraka cArUkIrtijI, paM. nAthUlAlajI zAstrI, DaoN. udayacanda jaina, bra. paM. mANikacandajI bhisIkara, DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI, DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, paM. cunnIlAla zAstrI tathA DaoN. trilokacanda koThArI saMrakSaka bneN| sabhI cayanita vidvAnoM ko kuMdakuMda jJAnapITha parivAra kI hArdika bdhaaii| bhagavAna mahAvIra digambara jaina vidvat samiti kA gaThana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa meM unake sarvodayI siddhAntoM ke pracAra - prasAra hetu rAjasthAna ke jaina vidvAnoM dvArA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra digambara jaina vidvat samiti' kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| jaina samAja ke baccoM evaM yuvAvarga meM jo naitika jIvana mUlyoM kA nirantara hrAsa ho rahA hai, use rokane evaM naitika, sadAcAra tathA zrAvakocita jIvana zailI ke saMskAra dene ke saMkalpa ke sAtha samAja ko unnata karane ke kArya hetu isa saMsthA kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai| samiti kI prathama kAryakAriNI kA gaThaDana DaoN. jinendra jaina kI adhyakSatA meM kiyA gyaa| upAdhyakSa DaoN. surendrakumAra jaina - lADanUM, mahAmaMtrI paMDita aravindakumAra jaina zAstrI - sujAnagar3ha, koSAdhyakSa paMDita vIrendrakumAra jaina - sujAnagar3ha, prakAzana maMtrI DaoN. vimalakumAra jaina - jayapura, saMyukta maMtrI DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina zAstrI - jayapura, pracAra maMtrI zrI nirmalakumAra jaina - sujAnagar3ha, vidhi salAhakAra DaoN. prabhAta jaina - jayapura ko manonIta kiyA gyaa| arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 137

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'merA mahAvIra kitanA merA' pratiyogitA sampanna DaoN. anupama jaina kA sammAna karate hue bahaneM bhagavAna mahAvIra 2601 vIM janma jayaMtI saptAha ke antargata di. jaina mahAsamiti mahilA prakoSTha indaura saMbhAga dvArA 'merA mahAvIra kitanA merA' vicAra pratiyogitA kA Ayojana diga. jaina maMdira, palAsiyA - indaura meM kiyA gyaa| zrImatI kauzalyA jaina pataMgiyA (jaina kAlonI) ko prathama, zrImatI jyoti jaina (indraloka kAlonI) ko dvitIya tathA subhASa veda (agrasena nagara) ne tRtIya sthAna prApta kiyaa| nirNAyaka the zrImatI suzIlA sAlagiyA, zrImatI saMgItA mehatA evaM zrImatI zakuntalA bar3ajA kAryakrama ke ko diga. ke rUpa kAryakrama ke mukhya atithi the nirmala eNDa kaMpanI inTaraprAijesa ke DAyarekTara zrI nirmala jI jain| adhyakSatA kI diga. jaina mahAsamiti mahilA prakoSTha madhyAMcala kI adhyakSA zrImatI puSpA kAsalIvAla ne tathA vizeSa atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita the arhat vacana zodha patrikA ke sampAdaka DaoN. anupama jaina, jinheM abhI-abhI kolakAtA meM jaina rASTra gaurava se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| isa avasara para saMsthA kI adhyakSA zrImatI vijayA pahAr3iyA dvArA zAla, zrIphala se unakA svAgata kiyA gyaa| zrImatI zazi rA~vakA aura mInA jaina ne atithiyoM kA svAgata kiyaa| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana zrImatI puSpA pAMDyA va zrImatI urmilA jaina ne kiyA tathA kAryakrama kI saMyojikA thI zrImatI AzA sonii| AbhAra mAnA sahasaciva puSpA kaTAriyA ne| meM jaina varNIjI kI mUrti kA anAvaraNa / ___7 disambara 2001 ko zrI kundakunda jaina mahAvidyAlaya, khataulI ke parisara meM navanirmita varNI - vATikA meM jaina jagata ke gAMdhI nAma se vikhyAta pUjya gaNezaprasAdajI varNI kI aSTa dhAtu se nirmita sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsanastha mUrti kA anAvaraNa kendrIya kapar3A rAjyamaMtrI zrI vI. dhanaMjayakumAra jaina dvArA sarAkoddhAraka upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja aura muni zrI vairAgyasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM dhUmadhAma se sampanna huaa| samAroha kI adhyakSatA sAhU zrI ramezacanda jaina ne kii| pUjya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgarajI ne apane udbodhana meM kahA ki varNIjI kA jIvana zikSA ke kSetra taka sImita na rahakara karUNA, dayA va vAtsalya kI avirala dhArA thaa| isa avasara para 'varNI smArikA' aura DaoN. zrImatI jyoti jaina dvArA likhita 'varNIjI kI rASTrIyatA' pholDara kA vimocana bhI huaa| 138 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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nyAyakakI bhAvana sAniyA vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha kA lokArpaNa ___ 'jaina dharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ahiMsAvAda, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM aparigrahavAda jaise kAlajayI saMdeza Aja ke bhautikavAdI vAtAvaraNa meM bhI pUrI taraha prAsaMgika bane hue haiN| unhoMne Atmika vikAsa ke liye jo rAstA batAyA, vaha vyakti ke caritra ko unnata to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI sampUrNa samAja aura rASTra ke liye bhI sarvatomukhI unnati pradAna karatA hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA, vicAroM meM anekAnta, vANI meM svAvAda aura samAja meM aparigraha kI bhAvanAyeM yadi A jAyeM to hiMsA Adi pApoM ko koI sthAna isa deza meM nahIM bacegA tathA Apasa meM prema, maitrI aura sahayoga kI bhAvanA usa carama zikhara para hogI, jahA~ hamAre dharmagrantha sarvottama lakSya ke rUpa meM vyakti ko pahu~cane kI preraNA dete haiN| lokataMtra kA bAhya rUpa bhale hI bhAratIya na ho, lekina usakI AtmA bhAratIya hai| anekAntavAda ko lokataMtra bAhyarUpa bhale hI bhAratIya na ho, lekina anekAntavAda na ho to lokataMtra nahIM hogaa| Aja ke isa kAryakrama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana - darzana, paramparA aura prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha meM jisa vizAlakAya smRti grantha kA lokArpaNa huA hai, vaha apane Apa meM isa 2600 veM janma kalyANaka varSa kI ativiziSTa upalabdhi hai| sAtha hI prAkRta bhASA evaM saMskRta bhASA ke jina viziSTa vidvAnoM kA yahA~ sammAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti kA sammAna hai| maiM svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM pUrNa AsthA rakhatA SE hU~ aura merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja jaise mahAna santa hI Aja ke 'vardhamAna mahAvIra' graMtha kA lokArpaNa karate pUrva lokasabhA adhyakSa zrI zivarAja pATila vAtAvaraNa meM rASTra ko sahI dizAbodha de sakate haiN| ye vicAra 'vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha lokArpaNa' evaM 'AcArya kundakunda', AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAroM' ke samarpaNa samAroha ke suavasara para pUrva lokasabhAdhyakSa evaM vartamAna meM vipakSa ke upanetA mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila ne apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM prastuta kiye| isa samAroha kA Ayojana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janmakalyANaka varSa ke suavasara para dinAMka 28 apraila, 2002 ravivAra ko akhila bhAratIya AyurvijJAna saMsthAna ke javAharalAla neharU sabhAgAra meM garimApUrvaka kiyA gyaa| samAroha meM svAgata - bhASaNa zrImatI sarayU daphtarI ne diyA tathA samAroha kA saMyojana evaM saMcAlana DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne kiyaa| kRtajJatA- jJApana bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke prabandha nyAsI sAhU ramezacandra jaina ne kiyaa| isa suavasara para javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya ke pratikulapati pro. kapila kapUra, purAtatvavettA DaoN. munIzacandra jozI, pro. bI.Ara. zarmA, zrI satIzacandra jaina (S.C.J.) zrI cakreza jaina bijalIvAle, kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa ke maMtrI zrI surezacandra jaina evaM kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa ke nyAsIgaNa tathA anya anekoM mahAnubhAva upasthita the| arhat vacana, 14(2 - 3), 2002 139 AR .... IDAANE

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purUliyA meM Der3ha hajAra sAla purAnI mUrtiyA~ / maMdiroM ke avazeSa mile pazcimI baMgAla ke purUliyA jilA antargata agayAnaroM aMcala sthita kusaTAIDha grAma meM gata 19 agasta 01 ko kI gaI khudAI ke krama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra sameta kaI mUrtiyA~, kalaza tathA maMdiroM ke paurANika dhvaMsAvazeSa prApta hue haiN| sabhI mUrtiyA~ pattharoM ko gar3hakara banAyI gaI hai| kalaza, cAka tathA maMdira bhI patthara ke bane hue haiN| mUrtiyoM tathA anya dhvaMsAvazeSoM ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ukta sthAna para kabhI jainiyoM kI bastiyA~ tathA maMdira the| anumAna ke taura para ukta avazeSa kitanA purAnA tathA kisa kAla kA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM nizcita rUpa se abhI kucha kahanA muzkila hai| khudAI ke krama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 34 iMca kI eka siravihIna mUrti, sAr3he cauMtIsa iMca U~cA kAle raMga kA eka adbhuta kalaza, sAr3he teraha tathA bIsa iMca U~ce do anya kalaza mile haiM, tInoM kalazoM ke Upara patthara ke hI patte bane hue haiN| sabhI avazeSa jamIna ke nIce avasthita maMdira ke kamaroM meM the| khudAI ke krama meM logoM ne eka - eka kara unheM bAhara nikAla kara rakha diyA hai| tIna bar3e tathA eka choTe kamare meM vibhakta ukta maMdira caukasa pattharoM se banA thA jisakI dIvAroM kI caur3AI lagabhaga DhAI phuTa hai| pAsa - pAsa saTe donoM kamaroM kI lambAI, caur3AI lagabhaga 8x8 phuTa hai jabaki bar3A kamarA 12X12 phuTa kA hai| maMdira ke pazcima kI ora usakA DhAI phuTa caur3A mukhya daravAjA hai| maMdira ke nirmANa meM sImeMTa bAlU kA upayoga nahIM huA hai| prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke bhUtapUrva nidezaka, antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta jaina vidvAna DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ne jaina, bauddha aura hindU dharma evaM darzana ke kSetra meM adhyayana - adhyApana, zodha kArya evaM jJAna - dhyAna sAdhanA karane ke liye zAjApura nagara kI dupAr3A roDa para prAcya vidyApITha kI sthApanA kI hai| isakA vizAla evaM sundara bhavana banakara taiyAra ho gayA hai| isa vidyApITha ko varSa 2002 meM vikrama vi.vi., ujjaina se mAnyatA bhI prApta ho gaI hai| prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura se zodhArthI ke rUpa meM jaina, bauddha aura hindU dharma aura darzana se saMbaMdhita kisI bhI viSaya para zodha prabandha prastuta kara vikrama vi.vi., ujjaina se pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai| prAcya vidyApITha meM 7 susajjita adhyayana - adhyApana haoNla, kicana va sTorsa tathA prasAdhana kI samucita vyavasthA hai| isa bhavana meM eka susajjita pustakAlaya hai jisameM lagabhaga 10000 ke karIba pustakeM, patrikAe~ evaM purAnI pAMDulipiyA~ haiM jina para zodha kArya apekSita DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke sadprayAsa se jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ (rAja.) (mAnita vi.vi.) ne apane dvArA saMcAlita patrAcAra pAThyakramoM ke liye adhyayana evaM parIkSA kendra ke rUpa meM isa saMsthAna ko mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| aba yahA~ se vidyArthI ina viSayoM meM bI.e./ema.e. kI DigrI hetu bhI sammilita ho sakate haiN| ina DigriyoM kA rojagAra kI dRSTi se vahI upayoga hai jo anya viSayoM se sambandhita DigriyoM kA hai| vartamAna meM vidyApITha ke pustakAlaya kA lAbha lekara 2 chAtra/chAtrA jaina vidyA meM ema.e. pUrvAddha, 9 chAtra/chAtrAe~ ema.e. uttarArddha meM adhyayanarata haiN| isake atirikta tIna jaina sAdhviyoM jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM se pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi ke liye apanA zodha prabandha taiyAra kara rahI haiN| sAtha hI 2 chAtroM ne vikrama vi.vi. se pI.eca.DI. kI DigrI hetu paMjIyana karAne ke liye Avedana kiyA hai| isI vidyApITha meM dinAMka 28,29,30 mArca 2002 ko pU. bhAnuvijayajI mahArAja (pATaNa - gujarAta) evaM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM tIna divasIya mauna jJAna dhyAna zivira kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa zivira meM sthAnIya dharmapremiyoM ke atirikta gujarAta evaM madhyapradeza ke vibhinna nagaroM se padhAre lagabhaga 125 zivirArthiyoM ne sammilita hokara jJAna dhyAna sAdhanA kA lAbha liyaa| 140 arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002

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tIrthasthala AsthA aura vizvAsa se banate haiM, itihAsa evaM bhUgola se nahIM zrI 108 sUryasAgara digambara jaina nasiyA, bhiNDa ke prAMgaNa meM digambara jaina mahAsamiti, gvAliyara - cambala saMbhAga ke antargata bhiMDa zahara kI mena ikAI, ikAI naM. 2 baMgalA bAjAra, mahAvIra gaMja, bhUtA bAjAra evaM mahilA ikAI dvArA 7 sitambara 2002 ko Ayojita vicAra goSThI meM DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura dvArA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI kuNDalapura (nAlandA) yA vaizAlI?' viSaya para mukhya vaktA ke rUpa meM samasta ikAIyoM ke sadasya evaM jaina samAja ke upasthita prabuddha janoM ke bIca apane udbodhana meM kahA ki digambara jaina AmnAya ke prAcInatama mAnya granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI kuNDalapura ko hI mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| digambara jaina granthoM - tiloyapaNNatti, dhavalA, mahAdhavalA, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi sabhI granthoM meM ukta viSaya para vistAra se varNana milatA hai| Apane aneka granthoM ke udAharaNa ke sAtha hI isa vivAda ko paidA kiye jAne para kSobha vyakta kiyaa| jJAtavya hai ki DaoN. jaina holkara sAIMsa kAleja, indaura meM gaNita ke prAdhyApaka haiM evaM Apane jaina gaNita se pIeca.DI. evaM ema.phila. kiyA hai| Apa samAja ke liye pUrNa rUpa se samarpita vyaktitva haiN| Apa tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha ke mahAmaMtrI haiM tathA digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA naI dillI, arhat vacana indaura evaM digambara jaina tIrthakSetra nirdezikA ke pradhAna sampAdaka ke alAvA anya aneka jaina patra-patrikAoM ke sampAdaka maMDala meM haiN| Apane apane udbodhana meM jaina samudAya ko alpasaMkhyaka ghoSita kiye jAne kI AvazyakatA evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI ke vivAda ke paTAkSepa para vizeSa bala diyaa| Apane kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI ke rUpa meM kuNDalapura (nAlandA) ko samasta digambara jaina samAja hajAroM varSoM se mAnatA calA A rahA hai evaM apanI zraddhA vyakta karane hetu vahA~ kI vandanA karane jAtA hai| vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kiye jAne ke liye kucha jaina evaM jainetara vidvAna navIna zodha ke nAma para prayAsa kara rahe haiN| tIrthasthala hamezA zraddhA evaM vizvAsa se hI banate haiN| vaha itihAsa evaM bhUgola ke nAma para navIna zodha ke AdhAra para badale nahIM jA skte| Apane digambara jaina mahAsamiti ke dvArA kiye jA rahe prayAsoM kI sarAhanA karate hue pratyeka digambara jaina dharmAvalambI se isake sadasya banane kI apIla kii| DaoN. vIrendra jaina dvArA zahara kI samasta ikAIyoM kI ora se eka prastAva bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI kuNDalapura ke pakSa meM pArita kara bhejane kA sujhAva diyA jise sabhI upasthita mahilA evaM puruSoM ne svIkRti pradAna kii| saMbhAga evaM zahara kI samasta ikAIyoM kI ora se DaoN. anupama jaina ko abhinandana patra sabhA kI adhyakSatA kara rahe zrI pramoda jaina sarrApha ne bheMTa kiyaa| DA. esa. ke. jaina, saMbhAgIya adhyakSa - diga. jaina mahAsamiti arhat vacana, 14 (2 -3), 2002 141

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manda zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra evaM sarAka puraskAra 2002 sarAkoddhAraka saMta, paramapajya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kI preraNA se sthApita zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha dvArA jinavANI ke pracAra-prasAra meM apane - apane kSetra meM utkRSTa yogadAna dene vAle viziSTa vidvAnoM ko nimnAMkita pA~ca zruta saMvarddhana vArSika puraskAroM se evaM sarAka kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya hetu saMsthA athavA vyakti ko prativarSa sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| pUjya upAdhyAyazrI ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM Ayojita hone vAle bhavya samAroha meM pratyeka cayanita vidvAna ko ru. 31,000/- (sarAka puraskAra hetu ru. 25,000/-) kI sammAna nidhi, prazasti patra, zAla evaM zrIphala se sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| isa varSa hetu puraskAroM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnavat hai - 1. AcArya zAMtisAgara (chANI) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 yaha puraskAra jaina Agama sAhitya ke pAramparika adhyetA/TIkAkAra vidvAna ko Agamika jJAna ke saMrakSaNa meM usake yogadAna ke AdhAra para pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| 2. AcArya sUryasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 yaha puraskAra pravacana niSNAta evaM jinavANI kI prabhAvanA karane vAle vidvAna ko pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| 3. AcArya vimalasAgara (bhiNDa) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 yaha puraskAra jaina patrakAritA ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya karane vAle jaina patrakAra ko diyA jAtA hai| 4. AcArya sumatisAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 yaha puraskAra jaina vidyAoM ke zodha/anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya hetu pradAna kiyA jAtA hai ! cayana kA AdhAra samagra yogadAna hogA! muni varddhamAnasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2002 ___ yaha puraskAra jaina dharma/darzana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM likhI huI maulika, zodhapUrNa, aprakAzita kRti para pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| 6. sarAka puraskAra - 2002 yaha puraskAra sarAka kSetra meM utkRSTa yogadAna ke AdhAra para diyA jAtA hai| __ uparokta puraskAra hetu koI bhI vidvAna/sAmAjika kAryakartA/saMsthA nirdhArita prastAva patra para apane Avedana 15 navambara 2002 taka nimna pate para preSita kara sakate haiN| pratyeka puraskAra hetu prastAva pRthaka-pRthaka prastAva patra para sabhI Avazyaka saMlagnakoM sahita bheje jAne caahiye| prastAva patra evaM niyamAvalI zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, prathama tala, 247 dillI roDa, meraTha (u.pra.) se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| - DaoN. anupama jaina puraskAra saMyojaka jJAnachAyA, DI - 14, sudAmA nagara, indaura - 452 009 - - 358 142 arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002

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mata- abhimata kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita 'arhat vacana' kA janavarI - mArca 2002 aMka abhI prApta huaa| patrikA hAtha Ate hI zurU se aMta taka pUrI par3ha gyaa| sacamuca ApakA saMsthAna eka bahuta acchI zodhapUrNa patrikA prakAzita karatA hai| DaoN. rAdhAcaraNa gupta kA lekha 'jaina gaNita para AdhArita nArAyaNa paMDita ke kucha sUtra' bahuta sArI jAnakAriyoM se yukta hai| ina sUtroM ke AdhAra para anekoM zodha kArya kiye jA sakate haiN| DaoN. (bra.) prabhA jaina evaM pro. ela. sI. jaina kA lekha 'Adhunikatama mastiSka sambandhI khojeM - jaina karma siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM par3hakara bahuta sArI naI jAnakAriyA~ prApta huiiN| patrikA kI samasta sAmagrI paThanIya, jJAnavarddhaka va bahuta sArI jAnakAriyoM se yukta hai| . rAjendra paTeriyA saMpAdaka-khanana bhAratI, nAgapura patrikA stara ati prazaMsanIya hai| itanI mahaMgAI meM itanI acchI patrikA prakAzita karane hetu Apa evaM ApakI saMsthA sAdhuvAda kI pAtra hai| . DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina, lakhanaU zodha patrikA 'arhat vacana' kA prastuta aMka gaNita viSayaka cayanita sAmagrI ke kAraNa gaNita kSetra meM vizeSAdhikAra jJAta hotA hai| sAtha hI anya gaNitajJoM ne jainAcAryoM dvArA praNIta prAcIna sUtroM kA avalambana liyA yaha bhI bodha hotA hai| "jaina sAhitya meM dhvani vijJAna' tathA 'jaina karma siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM Adhunika mastiSka saMbaMdhI khojeM Alekha navIna jAnakArI pradAna karate haiN| patrikA paThanIya, saMkalanIya evaM zodhArthiyoM ke liye vizeSa upayogI hai| 3.10.02 . saMpAdaka -jaina mitra (sAptAhika) Visited the Kundakunbda Gyanpeeth, held discussions with Dr. Anupam Jain and saw the library. I am impressed by the sincerity of Dr. Anupam Jain and his enthusaism to make it a good academic and research institute. With the dedicated attitude in him, I am sure that this will develope into a good institute. Nothing could be better than a good academic institute. My best wishes. 16.08.02 . K.P. Joshi Professor, School of Physics, D.A.V.V., Indore I am extremely happy to visit your institute. You are doing great service for the cause of study and research in Jainology. You are maintaining excellent library for use by scholars and students. I was amazed to see the work of research on 'Siri Bhuvalaya', which will bring to light knowledge of ancient wisdom of our country. I wish your institute great success. 19.08.02 Dulichand Jain Secretary - Research Foundation for Jainology, Chennai arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3). 2002 143

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144 kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra zrI digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, indaura dvArA jaina sAhitya ke sRjana, adhyayana, anusaMdhAna ko protsAhita karane ke uddezya se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke antargata rupaye 25,000 = 00 kA kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra prativarSa dene kA nirNaya 1992 meM liyA gayA thaa| isake antargata nagada rAzi ke atirikta lekhaka ko prazasti patra, smRti cihna, zAla, zrIphala bheMTa kara sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| 1993 se 1999 ke madhya saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI ( indaura), pro. lakSmIcandra jaina (jabalapura), pro. bhAgacandra 'bhAskara' (nAgapura), DaoN. udayacandra jaina (udayapura), AcArya gopIlAla 'amara' (naI dillI), pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta (jhAMsI) evaM DaoN. prakAzacandra jaina ( indaura ) ko kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai| varSa 2000 evaM 2001 hetu prApta praviSTiyoM kA mUlyAMkana kArya pragati para hai| varSa 2002 hetu jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana se sambaddha kisI bhI vidhA para likhI hindI / aMgrejI, maulika, prakAzita / aprakAzita kRti para prastAva 30 disambara 02 taka sAdara AmaMtrita haiN| nirdhArita prastAva patra evaM niyamAvalI kundakunda jJAnapITha kAryAlaya meM upalabdha hai| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa 30.09.2002 jambUdvIpa puraskAra samarpita digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) dvArA varSa 2000 se pravartita jambUdvIpa puraskAra ke antargata ru. 25,000/- kI nagadarAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM rajata prazasti pradAna kI jAtI hai| DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva varSa 2000 kA puraskAra iMjI. zrI ke. sI. jaina (hastinApura) ko dillI meM samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| varSa 2001 evaM 2002 ke puraskAra kramaza: jyotiSajJa zrI dhanarAja jaina (amInagara sarAya) tathA DaoN. zekharacandra jaina (ahamadAbAda) ko 20.10.2002 ko pUjya gaNinIpramukha zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva tapasthalI, prayAga meM samarpita kiye gaye / puraskRta vidvAnoM ko kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra kI ora se badhAI / arhat vacana, 14 (23), 2002

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DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura 'jaina rASTra gaurava' alaMkaraNa se vibhUSita bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600veM janma jayaMtI mahotsava varSa meM deza ke prakhyAta patrakAra, samAjasevI evaM zAkAhAra kAryakartA DaoN. ciraMjIlAla bagar3A ke saMyojakatva meM gaThita akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina pratibhA sammAna samAroha samiti kA gaThana eka varSa pUrva kiyA gayA thA / samiti ne isa yojanA kA suniyojita DhaMga se pracAra kiyA, phalataH sampUrNa deza se zikSA, sAhitya, vijJAna, khelakUda, saMgIta, cikitsA Adi vividha kSetroM kI 338 pratibhAoM ke prastAva prApta hue / vizeSajJoM kI sUkSmaparIkSaNa samiti ne prathama caraNa meM 60 pratibhAoM kA cayana kiyA, taduparAntaina60 prastAvoM kA pA~ca sadasyIya akhila bhAratIyaniNAyakamaDaladvArAmUlyAkanakara sarvazreSTha 26 pratibhAokAcayanavi nirNAyaka maMDala nimnavat thA- (1) zrI pradIpakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla (indaura),(2) prAcArya narendraprakAza jaina (phirojAbAda),(3) zrI bAbUbhAI gAMdhI (akalUja-mahArASTra),(4) zrI milApacanda DaMDiyA (jayapura) tathA (5) DaoN.ciraMjIlAlabagar3A (kolakAtA) |cayanita pratibhAe~ nimnavat haiM mAsTara nitinajaina-sahAranapura,mAsTara AyuSa jaina-meraTha,zrImatIaMjalIjaina-naI dillI,DaoN.DI. sI. jaina - lakhanaU, ku. pallavI kAsalIvAla-nAsika, kumArI snehA gAMdhI-solApura, zrI pArzvanAtha upAdhyebelagA~va, ku. AkRti AhA-bilAsapura, DaoN. anupama jaina - indaura, zrI vijayadAdA Avati-jayasiMgapura, sau. surekhA sI. zAhA - solApura, zrI sultAnasiMha jaina-rUr3akI, DaoN. premacanda godare-sAgara, DaoN.jI. javAharalAlahaidarAbAda, zrI sudhIra jaina-satanA, zrImatI arcanA pATanI-thAne, kumArI sArikA jaina-tejapura, zrI DI.ena. akkI-gulabargA, zrI sureza jaina-naI dillI, pro. candrasenakumAra jaina-bhuvanezvara, ku. indU jaina-vArANasI, pro. bhAgacandra bhAgendu'-damoha, ku. asmitA kAlA-jayapura, DaoN. saMdIpanArada-indaura, zrI esa. ema. jaina-koTA,zrI mizrIlAla jain-gunaa| jainAcAryoM ke gaNitIya avadAna kA viziSTha adhyayana kara jaina gaNita ke zodhake mAdhyama se rASTra evaM samAja nirmANa meM viziSTa yogadAna dene vAle DaoN.anupama jaina, indaura ko kolakAtA ke bhavya vijJAnanagarIsabhAgAra (sAiMsa siTI ADiToriyama) meM 15 apraila 2002 ko 'jaina rASTra gaurava' alaMkaraNa se sammAnita kiyA gayA / isa alaMkaraNa meMdhAtunirmita bhavya pratIkaevaM kASThAMkita prazastibhI pradAna kiigii| isa avasara para DaoN. jaina ne jaina gaNitIya paramparA ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlA / kundakunda jJAnapITha ke adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla, holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya DaoN.narendra dhAkar3a, pUrva kulapati pro. e. e. abbAsI, jJAnapITha ke anya nidezakoM, prasiddha zikSAvidoM, samAjaseviyoM evaM prabuddhajanoM ne DaoN. anupama jaina ko badhAI dii| jayasena jaina sampAdaka-sanmati vANI PENSURANUSenu

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I.S.S.N. 0971-9024 arhat vacana bhArata sarakAra ke samAcAra-patroM ke mahApaMjIyaka se prApta paMjIyana saMkhyA 50199/88 jJAnapAna kandapula simmamAgaMmacArimubattAMce paharoNihAdetahAbhAbAre maaraa| rigozAmo prayANANamAsamma jebAnemAhirAmAjibbejogamamA svAmI zrI di. jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura kI ora se devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla dvArA 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura se prakAzita evaM sugana grAphiksa, siTI plAjA, ma. gA. mArga, indaura phona : 538283 dvArA mudrit| mAnada sampAdaka - DaoN. anupama jaina /