Studies In Umasvati And His Tattvartha Sutra

Author(s): G C Tripathi, Ashokkumar Singh
Publisher: Bhogilal Laherchand Institute of Indology

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30 Studies in Umāsvāti harm someone jealousy, indignation, etc., pertain to the mental activity which are inauspicious. Those that are contrary to these are auspicious. And, in the next aphorism, Umāsvāti, reveals that this yoga is ásrava, i.e. inflow, and consequently the cause of bondage? of the soul in the cycle of birth and death in various bodies in the course of transmigratory state. This yoga of three types is called āsrava since it causes the ingress of auspicious as well as inauspicious activity, much like a stream through which water of a lake flows in and out.
Pūjyapāda, in his Sarvārthasiddhi, alias Tattvārtha-vrtti, while elucidating the term yoga according to the definition given by Umāsvāti, explains the term to mean vibration in the region of the self.' Then, he classifies it in three types as physical activity (kāya-yoga), oral activity (vāg-yoga) and mental activity (manoyoga), following Umāsvāti. But he explains these three types in his peculiar style. Thus, physical activity is the vibration in the region of the self with reference to the dependence of any of the physical class of seven types, such as the gross body, etc., when the subsidence-cum-destruction (ksayopaśama) of the obstacles of exertion obtains.10
The oral or vocal activity is the vibration in the region of the Self directed towards the modifications of speech in the presence of the acquisition of inner speech brought about by the subsidence-cum-destruction of obstacles to exertion in the form of formation of ideas and syllables when the subsidence-cumdestruction of the obstacles of exertion obtains with dependence on the class of speech brought about by the emergence of the activity known by the name śarīra (body).11 Mental activity is the vibration in the region of the Self, directed towards the modifications of the mind, dependent on the class of the mental external stimuli in the presence of the acquisition of the mind in the form of the subsidence-cum-destruction of the obstacles of internal exertion without the sense-organs.12 Even when all the karmas are annihilated, there is yoga in the case of the omniscientwith-activity (sa-yoga-kevalī) in the form of the vibration in the