Book Title: Studies In Umasvati And His Tattvartha Sutra
Author(s): G C Tripathi, Ashokkumar Singh
Publisher: Bhogilal Laherchand Institute of Indology
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194 Studies in Umāsvāti
philosophers who uphold all the cognitions as direct knowledge (pratyaksa) because the word 'aksa' (अक्ष) is commonly used for the mind, sense-organs and soul. Herein the views regarding the conception of directness (pratykşatā) and indirectness (paroksatā), too, have been discussed in detail.
Now comes the turn of discussing Yaśovijaya's interpretation of the duo of sutras13_ 'आद्ये परोक्षम्' एवं 'प्रत्यक्षमन्यत्' which pose a great challenge to the commentators accepting the modified classification of pramāṇas introduced by the systematiser of Jaina epistemology-Ācārya Akalankadeva meeting the challenge of and refuting the charges leveled against Jaina epistemology by Naiyāyikas and other non-Jaina logicians. There is no explicit indication of the twofold perceptual cognitions-empirical and transcendental. Yaśovijaya opines that the statement regarding the indirectness of mati and śruta is from the point of view of niścaya. From the practical point of view, their directness is certainly desirable. To substantiate his view he quotes from the Nandisutra_ 'यतोऽभिहितं नन्द्यां- तं समासओ दुविहं पण्णत्तं-इंदियपच्चक्खं च नोइंदियपच्चक्खं च'14 He further clarifies that empirical perceptuality is stated by इन्द्रियप्रत्यक्षम्' (इंदियपच्चक्ख). Witha view to reconciling his opinion with the bhāsyakāra, he resorts to the method of yogavibhāga' i.e. separation of the words of a sūtra or splitting of one rule into two or more. It has been frequently used by Patañjali in his Mahābhāsya. Mahopādhyāya Yaśovijaya at the end of his vivarana on the sutra (1/11) says:
___ 'भाष्यकारस्यापि योगविभागादिन्द्रियजन्यज्ञानस्य सिद्धा प्रत्यक्षता, स चैवं योगो विभजनीयः, आद्ये परोक्षं निश्चयतः, प्रत्यक्षं चाद्ये व्यवहारत इति।'15 Vijayadarśanasūri in his gūdharthadīpikā on the vivarana has clarified the yogavibhāga as follows-'. . . प्रत्यक्षमन्यदित्यत्र प्रत्यक्षं प्रथमसूत्रोपात्तेन आद्ये इत्यनेनापि सम्बध्यते, अन्यदित्यनेनापि, उक्तप्रकारेण योगविभागे आद्ये परोक्षं निश्चयतः, आद्ये प्रत्यक्षं व्यवहारतः, अन्यदित्यनेन सह प्रत्यक्षमेव सम्बध्यते, न परोक्ष तथा च ततोऽन्यत् अवध्यादित्रयमेकान्तेन प्रत्यक्षमेवेति योगविभागतो लभ्यत इति तदर्थः'16
