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112
Dyuti Jayendrakumar Yajnik
SAMBODHI
been included under the subject or paksa (minor term) Positive and Negative entities, and there is nothing apart from these. As regards the character of "being present in the Minor term”, this is the anyathānupapannatva hetu and noting apart from the latter. Hence the probans here is one-featured.
But the Buddhist philosophers do not accept this view and they try to criticise it. For instance, Shantrakshita questions whether Patrasvamin's definition of hetu refers to the general position or to a particular subject on which knowledge is sought or to a particular instance. If the first alternative is accepted, then, what would be indicated, would be the existence of the probans in the object where the probandum is present; and it would not accomplish what is sought to be accomplished.
This refutation of the theory of one-featured probans is based on the asiddha, viruddha and anaikāntiak defects (hetvābhāsas). However, the Jaina philosophers like Prabhachandra and Anantavirya say that these defects are really not on the side of the one-featured hetu of Jainas, but on the side of the three-featured hetu of the Buddhists, because it can be applied to even Hervābhāsas. They finally conclude that the one-featured hetu is the shortest and the simplest route to make an inference regarding anything.
With regard to the importance of this reference we are in a position to say that the earliest mention of Jaina conception of anythānupapannatva as an aspect of a probans has been made by Acharya Dharmakirti. Afterwards, Shantarakshita referred to it and proceeded to examine it critically. There he mentioned Patrasvamin as the holder of this view. For the sake of Jaina philosophical history, this reference to Patrasvamin and his view is very important. Pramānyavāda : Samkhya - Svatah Pramānyavādin
Svataḥ Apramānyavādin Nyaya - Paratah Pramānyavādin
Parataḥ Apramānyavādin Buddhists - Parataḥ Pramānyavādin
Svataḥ Apramānyavādin Jaina - Sometimes Svatah Pramānyavādin
Sometimes Paratah Pramanyavādin Sometimes Paratah Apramānyavādin
