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aversion and delusion (räga, dveșa, and moha) and the root cause of these, is ignorance of one's own identity. Whatever high position or status one might be holding and enjoying in society, whatever influences one might be wielding on his environs, one is not able to control one's passions, and that is the root or cause of all unhappiness and sufferings. Unfortunately this fact is never noted or paid any attention to, often by the so called intelligent, clever or learned persons. Efforts are therefore, to be made to contol one's mind and prune desires and passions. Of course, to be able to control the mind, the self has to be awakened because it is an awakened self alone which can control the mind effectively.
Tattvarthasūtra of Umāsvātī defines meditation as
follows:
“Uttamasam hananasyaikā gracintānirodho dhyānam."
It means Concentrating on one subject and not saying, by strong and stable bodied man, is meditation. He has divided meditation as 'Arta raudradharmaśuklāni' meaning: Dhyana is of four types. ārta, raudra, dharma and śukla.
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