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ORDINARY PERCEPTION AND ITS OBJECTS
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the visual or the tactual sense tbrough its inherence (samavāya) in the jar that is seen or touched and is thus conjoined (sarnyukta) to the sense concerned.
The perception of universals pertaining to attributes (guņa) and actions (karma) generally takes place through the third kind of sense-contact, viz. samyukta samavetasanavāya. When perceiving such qualities as a red colour, a fragrant smell, a sweet taste and a hard touch, we also know directly, i.e. perceive the universals of colour, swell, taste and touch as such. Similarly, when we per. ceive a particular kind of movement we know directly what motion in general is To perceive anything as thrown upward or downward, is also to perceive the universal of upward or downward impulsion (utkṣepanatrādi). Smellness (gandhatva) as a universal pertaining to different kinds of smell is perceived by the olfactory sense. Taste (rasatva) as the genus of different kinds of taste is perceived by the gustatory sense. Similarly, the universals of colour (rūpalva) and touch (sparśatva) are perceived by the senses of sight and touch respectively. The universals pertaining to other sensible attributes and actions or movements are perceived by both the senses of sight and touch. These universals are perceived when they come in contact with the senses through their inherence in attributes or actions which inhere in certain things that are conjoined with the senses. When, for example, I see a white paper, I perceive the universal 'whiteness' as intimately related to the particular kind of white colour in the paper which is in conjunction with my eyes Soundness (sabdatva) as the genus of different kinds of sound is perceived by the auditory sense through the fifth kind of sense-contact, viz. samavetasamavāya. The universal 'soundness' is in contact with
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TB., p. 6; BP., 54-56, 69-60. BP., 58-66.
