Book Title: Nyaya Theory of Knowledge
Author(s): S C Chateerjee
Publisher: University of Calcutta

Previous | Next

Page 338
________________ THE FALLACIES OF INFERENCE things on the ground that they are eternally non-eternal. The anityasama is an argument to prove the non-eternality of all things on the ground of their resembling a non-eternal thing in some respect or other. The karyasama is an argument opposed to a given argument from the nature of an effect, on the ground that an effect may have very different natures, and so cannot be taken to lead to a single conclusion. 1 321 The nigrahasthāna, which literally means a ground of defeat, is a fallacy which is due either to a misunderstanding or to the want of understanding. It is said to be of twentytwo kinds. These are: pratijñāhāni or weakening one's proposition by adducing such examples as run counter to it; pratijñāntara or shifting the proposition; pratijñāvirodha or contradicting the proposition; pratijñāsannyāsa or renouncing the proposition; hetvantara or shifting the ground; arthantara or shifting the topic; nirarthaka or the meaningless statement like abracadabra; avijñātārtha or the unintelligible statement; aparthaka or the incoherent statement; aprāptakala or the wrong order of the parts of an argument; nyūna or the suppression of any part of an argument; adhika or the duplication of the middle term or the example; punarukta or the meaningless repetition of any part of an argument; ananubhāṣana or the refusal to answer a question; ajñāna or ignorance of the proposition; apratibha or the inability to give a reply to the argument; viksepa or evasion of the argument; matānujñā or admission of the defect in one's argument; paryyanuyojyopekṣana or overlooking a defect in the argument ; niranuyojyānuyoga or finding fault with the faultless apasiddhanta or the deviation from an accepted position; and hetvābhāsa or the fallacy of the middle term. 2 ; 1 Vide NS, 1 2.18, 511 ff 2 Vide NS, 1.2 19; 521 ff. 41-(1117B)

Loading...

Page Navigation
1 ... 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440