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THREE MODES OF ORDINARY PERCEPTION
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nition of an object as qualified by certain attributes (višiştajñāna). In it the object of perception is known as characterised by some qualities. So it is a judgment in which certain attributes are related to the object by way of predication, e.g. this is a cow.'' Here the attribute of cowness is predicated of the presented object. Hence savikalpaka perception is always expressed in a proposi'ion, of which the subject is the thing perceived and the predicate is the attribute present in the thing from this it follows that the contents of savikalpaka perception are the same as those of the nirvikalpaka. It is the same object that is cognised in both. . But while in the former the object and its attributes stand in the subject-predicate relation, in the latter they are not so related. Hence the tuo differ, not in their object or content, bu only in point of prediction. Salihaipala is a julyment of the olject in Words ur propusitions lut nirvika pika is a judgment of it not in words or propositions The one in a predicative, while the other is a pon-predicative juigment of the saine olject or fact. ?
While nirukalpaka is the first, savikalpaka is the second stage of an ordinary perception The first tage develops into the second in the cause of all norinal individuals wh) know the use of any language. The process of duvel pinent from the one to the other is explamed by a 3sociation and memory. In the case of the perceptional judgme it: 'this is a cow.' the first step is the contict of sense with the object, which immediately leads to a nirvikalpaha perception or simple apprehension of the cow as soinetbing indefinite. The indefinite object of nirvikalpaka perception being associated with a certain class-nawe in our past experience revives the
1 avikapukarica visişğa Danaṁ yati.& gaurayamıtı ibid., p 839 Savikalp kan nama'atyádiyo ana makam, TB PB
? Tae..aty & eve vastvalmā guvikalpakasyn gocarab 88 eva dirvikalpakasya bandol. lekha vivarilah . Tha & stojå nusandbanimátramabbyadb kam param, viņaye na to bbodo'sti savikalpåvikelpayoh, NM., p. 99
