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NYAYA THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
The logical form of an inference or the syllogism, according to the Naiyāyikas, may be illustrated in the following ways :
S is P; :::8 is M;
M 18 P;
S is M; ...S is P.
OT,
The bill is fiery; Because it smokes ; Whatever smokes is fiery, e.g. the kitchen ; So the hill smokes; Therefore it is fiery.
S is P; .: Sis M;
No not-P is M;
S is not not-M; .. S is P.
The hill 18 fiery; Because it smokes ; Whatever 18 not-fiery does not smoke,
e.g. the lake : Not so the bill (i.e. the hill does smoke) ; Therefore the hill is fiery.
The Mimārsakas and the Vedāntists join issue with the Naiyāyikas on the question of the parts or members of a syllogism.' They agree with the Naiyāyıkas in holding that the syllogism is necessary only for parārthānumâna or demonstrative inference and that svārthânumāna or inference
i Vide SD., p. 64; VP., Chap. II.
