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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
193
L. S. S. O'MALLEY. Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Cambridge. 1917.
P. 136. Mahävira, the founder of Jainism was the son of the Lichchavi prince and spent his early manhood in a monastery at Vaisāli.
P. 221. There is also a Jain shrine at Parasnāth having been the scene of the Nirvāṇa of no less than ten of the twenty-four deified saints; from Pārsvanäth, the mountain has taken its name.
194
H. R. PATE. Tinnevally. Vol. I. Madras, 1917. (MDG).
Pp. 100-101. No Jains or Buddhists to be found in the district. The Jain and Buddhist influence in Southern India began to disappear from about the beginning of the seventh century A. D.
The ceremony known as kaluvettal (lit. impaling) is associated with the Jains of old and is held to commemorate the savage treatment they received at the hands of their Saiva persecutors.
Widespread influence of Jainism and Buddhism in the district can be traced from stone remains found in different places. There are monuments which are attributed either to the Buddhists or the Jains.
195
E. LISTER. Hazaribagh. Patna, 1917. (BODG.)
Pp. 205-209. The twenty-third Tirthankara Pārsvanātha-The last Tirthankara Mahāvīra-Jain sects: (i) Digambaras. (2) Svetämbaras-Quarrel about Pārasnāth Buildings—The temple on Pärasnath hill. The shrines on Pärasnath hill-Madhuban, the administrative head-quarters of the two sects of the Jains.
196
F.J. RICHARDS. Salem, Vol. I, 2 Pts. Madras, 1918. (MDG).
Vol. I, Pt. 1, Pp. 51-52. Amoghavarsa I (A. D 814–877) was a devout supporter of the Jain faith and a great patron of literature.
Vol. I, Pt. 1, P. 58 and nx. 12. Ganga Räja, the general of Bitti Deva, better known as Vişnu Vardhana, was one of the three chief supporters of the Jain
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