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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Mention of Buddha coming across a number of Niganthas at Black rock on the slopes of Mt. Isigili (Rishigiri) referred to in Cula-Dukka-Khandha-Sutta of Majjhima Nikaya (14).
Mention of Yuanchwang coming across many Digambara Jains on Vipula mountain in 7th century A. D.
Preservation of ancient monuments a distinctive feature of the Jains-mention of four Jina images found at Rājgir in the modern temple on Vaibhāra hill. Traditional belief of the Svetämbara Jains holding Samprati and his teacher Suhastin as the builder of the temples of the Jinas referred to by Hemachandra.
Cave dwellings of Khaņdagiri and Udayagiri Jaina remains of Sunga period Ist century B. C.--fully described. Former of later date. The friezes and basreliefs include scenes of worship conspicuous by the absence of Jina, sacred tree. svastika and Nandya-avarta take place of the image. Seated Jina on the back wall of the Ganesa Gumphā Udayagiri and unfinished standing Jina on the back wall of the Ananta Gumphā are mediaeval works. Jainas like Buddhists did not worship Jinas upto 1st century B. C.
Mention of Jina images with a Brāhmi inscription. Collected from Mathura seated in dhyanı of pre-Kushān period i. e. Saka Parthian (i. e. on the beginning of Christian era) now preserved in Indian Museum. All inscribed free Jina images of early Mathura group bear votive inscriptions dated in Kushāņa era 2nd century A.D. Earliest in the group a standing Jina in Kayotsarga or dedication of the body. 4 seated Jina images -(1) dated 12 and (2) dated 48 in the region of Huvishka. The 3rd in the year 80 in the reign of Vasudeva and the 4th in 84 year of the same
king
Jaina Kushān images more or less stiff and lack animation.
Black Basalt image of Neminātha (31" X 27") with an inscription below, on the wall of Vaibhāra temple-one of earliest images of Gupta period. Three standing images of Tirthankaras of Gupta period. The artistic side of these images does not lack in animation and grace like Kushān image,
Jina image in the proximity of the above shrine with an inscription in nailheaded characters current in N. India from 7th to 9th century-reading 'pious gift of Vasantanandin'--image of 8th century belonging to Rishabha (Plate LVI).
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