Suvarna Raupya Siddhi Shastra

Author(s): J C Sikdar
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006907/1

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PRAJNACAKSU PANDIT SRI SUKHALALJI BHARATIYA VIDYA GRANTHAMALA-4 JINADATTA SURI'S SUVARNA-RAUPYA-SIDDHI-SASTRA EDITED BY J. C. SIKDAR MORE WEWETE EX L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD-380 009 Private Use Only

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PRAJNACAKSU PANDIT SRI SUKHALALJI BHARATIYA VIDYA GRANTHAMALA-4 GENERAL EDITORS DALSUKH MALVANIA JITENDRA SHAH JINADATTA SURI'S SUVARNA-RAUPYA-SIDDHI-SASTRA EDITED BY J. C. SIKDAR CICA VRY L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD-380 009 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Jinadatta Suri's Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra Edited and Translated by J. C. Sikdar Published by : Jitendra Shah Director, Research. L. D. Institute of Indology Ahmedabad : 380009 First Edition : 1997 Price : R6 Printed by Dhiraj Patel Geeta Printery Naranpura Ahmedabad-380 013 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Contents Preface Introduction Method of Editing suvarNaraupya siddhi zAstra - mUlagranthaH Translation of the text A Study 1-VI VII-IX X-XXXVI 8-8EUR 1-143 1-231 For Personal & Private Use Only

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FOREWORD The Sanskrit work, whose essence with translation is presented in this volume, deals with the alchemic methods and experiments on how to generate gold and silver. All manuscripts of this work give the name of Jinadatta Suri (of Kharatara-gaccha, first half of the 12th Cent. A. D.) as the author. However, the text includes information on such experiments which not only seem later in origin but also go against the Jaina doctrine of non-violence. It may therfore be averred that, in the text of the original work of Jinadatta Suri, additions were periodically made and hence the over all work has become a sort of compilation. In the opinion of some experts, only the first chapter had been composed by the original author, the rest had been included in the work at different periods. (Some of the experiments, in point of truth, may. be just for arousing the curiosity.) The work under reference, in light of its title and content, could be of interest to scholars working in the field of ancient chemistry/alchemy. The work for long had remained unpublished because of the presence of secret terms and mystic symbols in the exposition of experiments. The verses' inner meanings, in point of fact, differ from the apparent implications and literal connotations. It is still a problem as to what the real meanings of the vegitative and animalic terms involved in the phraseology of the text, particularly the one relating to for the experiments. With painstaking efforts, then, the editor Dr. J. C. Sikdar has done this difficult job, suggesting as he did the plausible meanings : these endeavours involving much thinking and investigation deserve compliments. Ahmedabad-1997 Dalsukh Malvania For Personal & Private Use Only

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SUVARNA-RAUPYA-SIDDHI-SASTRA PREFACE , It is revealed by a study of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra of Jinadatta Suri that Alchemy appeared to be the principle forerunner of chemistry in India. It is to be observed that there are two aspects of the history of Chemistry in India, viz. (1) The continuous and growing interconnection between medicine and chemical preparations which merit special attention, while unfolding the historical antecedants of chemistry and (ii) ancient practical chemistry, albeit its technological overtones, which presents its claims in the history of chemistry as indicated in the SuvarnaRaupya-Siddhi-sastra. The Jaina alchemists, who nurtured chemistry as a practical art and through their varied' endeavours, provided the growth-points from time to time along with other Indian alchemists. They introduced new chemicals including mineral acids and more importantly evolved a number of apparatus, despite the esoteric theories. The origins of alchemical art are shrouded in the darkness of antiquity, The word 'alchemy' is an Arabic modification of the Greek word 'Chemieia'. Towards the end of the fourth century A.D., an Alexandrian Hellenic alchemist named osmimos made use of the word 'Chemieia' for the first time, relating it to the art of transmutation. The Greek word 'Chemieia' or 'Chemi' denots black and it was used to identify Egypt because of the black soil of the Nile Valley and to signify the 'blackening' stage of the so-called transmutation process'. It is difficult to determine historically the time and place of alchemical beginnings. It appears that the Chinese alchemy devoted itself to the making of longevity compositions or pills of immortality, as is found in Indian alchemy in general. In China alchemy developed with Taoism 2 and the theory of Yin (female) and Yangly (male principle). The 1. From Alchemy 'to Chemisty, Dr. B. V. Subbarayappa, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, Summer School of History of Science, P. 342, 1974. 2. Needham II, PP, 33ff (1 y.) Mason, PP. 55-57. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Chinese alchemy had developed certain growth-points by the fourth century B. C. and by the second century B. C. the chinese imperial edict mentioned punishment by the public executive of those who made counterfiet gold. 1 It is a debatable question whether the Chinese alchemy influenced the alchemical thought and practice in Alexandria with which the Chinese had brisk trade in the first few centuries of the Christian era. But it is certain that the Hellenic or Alexandrian form of the alchemical art was almost contemporaneous with the Chinese alchemy. So historically alchemy was known from the early times in the west. The tradition of metal making or the birth of alchemy in the west was probably derived from the secrete knowledge of Egyptian priesthood.3 In India also alchemy began to develop in the early centuries of B. C. as is evidenced by the citation of making gold through mercurial transmutation in Kautilya's Arthasastra "Rasaviddham Suvarnam".4. : Alchemy: was first known as divine art,5 but after some time it came to be known as the science of metal making (dhatuvada6). It follows a set of methods and procedures which converts lower metals into higher metals, e. g. copper into silver, silver into gold.? Some historians are of opinion that alchemy was first evolved in the west and from there it came to the East through the Arabs as the western seaboard of India was visited by the Arab merchants from the early times ( at least from the 1st cen. A. D. according to the Periplus of the Erythean sea). But as regards the alchemical knowledge of India it may be said that it ran either parallel to the west or came even earlier as is evidenced by the citation of 'Rasaviddham Suvarnam' in Kautilya's Arthasastra (320 B. C.). So it is inferrable that alchemy and its practice were well-known in India prior to the period of Kautilya. Besides this fact, mercury was recognized in India as the most powerful transmuting agent by this time for converting lower metals into higher metals.8 1. Summer School of Hirtory of Science P. 342, 1974. 2. Ibid. . 3. Indian Alchemy and Tantras, Dr. Damodar Joshi, Summer School of History of Science. P. 366. 4. Marthingastra, Kautilya, Chapter, 29/13/2 1st, Edition, 1962. 5. See Rasarnava. 6. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, Ch. 1. V. 7. Ibid., Chapters. I, II, III, up to the XIV chapter. 8. Indian Alchemy and Tantras, Dr. Damodar Joshi, Summer School of History of Science, 1974. For Personal & Private Use Only

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III It is a question of controversy, whether alchemy of the Greeks, the Chinese and the Arabs had influenced Indian alchemy in general. Al-beruni (1030 A. D.) states that the Hindus do not pay particular attention to alchemy, but no nation is entirely free from it ........; for we find that many intelligent people are entirely given up to alchemy, whilst. ignorant people ridicule the and art and its adepts.......... The adepts in this art try to keep it concealed, and shrink back from intercourse with those who do not belong to them. Therefore, I have not been able to learn, from the Hindus which methods they follow in this science and what element they principally use, whether a mineral or an animal or a vegetable one. I only heard them speaking of the process of sublimation, of calcination, of analysis, and of the waxing of talc, which they call in their language talak and so I guess that they incline towards the mineralogical method of alchemy".1 Next Al-beruni mentions Rasayana which is said to be, according to Patanjali, one of the means for attaining liberation. "They have a science similar to alchemy which is quite peculiar to them. They call it Rasayana, a word composed with rasa, i. e. gold. It means an art which is restricted to certain operations, drugs and compound medicines, most of which are taken from plants. Its principles restore healths of those who were ill beyond hope, and give back youth to fading old age, so that people become again what they were in the age near puberty, white hair becomes again black, the keenness of the senses is restored as well as the capacity for juvenile agility, and even for cohabitation, and the life of people in this world is even extended to a long period":2 .. Al - beruni identifies Nagarjuna on Rasayana. "A famous representative of this art was Nagarjuna, a native of the fort Daihak, near Somnath. He excelled in it and composed a book which contains the substance - of the whole literature on this subject and is very rare. He lived nearly a hundred years before our time".(i. e. about 900 A. D.). . . A1-beruni tells us three different stories of three different periods with his impression on Indian alchemy. He first mentions the alchemical experiments of Vyali Rasasiddha of Ujjain with which King Vikramaditya ( 380 A. D, to 4th cen. A. D.) of Ujjain was associated.4 Next he refers to the alchemical experiments of an alchemist of Dhar with which its King Bhojadeva (1018 A. D. - 1080 A. D.), the king of Malaya was associated.5 1, Al-beruni's India, ed. by Edward. C. Sachau, PP. 187-88. 2. Ibid., pp, 188-189. 3. Ibid., pp. 189. 4. Ibid., p. 189-90. 5. Ibid., p. 191. For Personal & Private Use Only

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IV Lastly he mentions another alchemical experiment of an alchemist with which King Vallabh of the city of Gujarat (775 A. D.) was associated." The impression of Al-beruni on Indian alchemy was that "the greediness of the ignorant Hindu princes for gold-making does not know any limit. If any one wanted to carry out a scheme of gold-making and people advised him to kill a number of fine little children, the monster would not refrain from such a crime."2 It appears from a study of Al- beruni's observation on Indian alchemy that his view on it was mixed with prejudice and Charlatism, for he considered everything Hindu as bad. It may be concluded that Indian alchemy was an independent system of chemical science without any influence from the Greeks, Arabs and chinese systems of alchemy in the beginning. It was developing on its own course steadily and uninterruptedly from the fourth century B. C.3 up to the 18th century A. D.4 As regards alchemy of the Jainas it may be suggested that it might have been influenced, to some extent, by the alchemy of the Arabs5 and the Chinese and other culture-areas of India.? The Indian alchemical works including those of the Jainas contain hundreds of recipes or formulae for making gold, silver and other precious objects. Indian alchemy was concerned with inorganic substances, but the drugs of vegetable and animal origin were also used for chemical preparations in this art. So the term 'Rasavada' was used to denote alchemy. A study of the Indian literature on alchemy of the Tantric and Iatrochemical periods shows that alchemy in India seems to have been closely associated with Tranticism in later period.8 1. Ibid., p. 192. 2. Ibid., p. 193. 3. According to Kautilya, but according to Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi , Nagarjuna (2nd B. C.) was the founder of alchemy, See. ch. I. 4. The contents of some MSS. of 18th century A. D., now kept in the Library of L. D. Institute of Indology, show that alchemy has continued in India at least up to the 18th century A. D. 5. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra refers to one Sekham Ali, a Muslim alchemist, (probably an Arab). 6. The reference to Chobchini, ciniakapur (China smilex) in the Jaina and non-Jaina MSS. to cure phirangiroga (syphilis) suggests the Chinese influence on the alchemy of the Jainas in later period. 7. The reference to Nagarjuna, Carpata, Natha, Gandu, etc, in the Suvarna-Raupya Siddhi-Sastra indicates that the alchemy of the Jainas was greatly influenced by alchemy of the Hindus of different culture-areas of India. 8, Origin and Development of Tantras, Bagchi M. C., pp. 214-215, Second ed. 1966. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The aims and objects of Indian alchemy was to drive away poverty, disease and old age of the people.1 The Rasasiddhas were not satified with the achievements only in the field of lohasiddhi (alchemy of metal) to secure Kayasiddhi-deathlessness and longevity with diseaseless body.? They evolved a highly specialized branch of learning-the iatro-chemistry or Rasasastra along with alchemy through which different methods were discovered for the use of mercury, metals and minerals in the body with a view to securing Dehasiddhi.3 The period between IX A.D. to XV or XVIII cen. A.D. witnessed a remarkable progress in the field of alchemy and iatro chemistry. From the examination of the material culture of the agamic and post-agamic period as can be extracted from the Agamas, the post-agamic works and the latest MSS of Jinadatta Suri (VS. 1210) and other Jaina MSS. of different authors (13th-18th cen. A.D.), combined with their interpretation, in the light of archaeological and other Indian literary evidences, we can arrive at a certain conclusion about the scientific ideas and the practices of the Jainas. The period of Jinadattasuri (VS. 1210) consistitutes the most flourishing and fruitful age of ancient India relating to the accumulation of knowledge in chemical science which was then closely associated with med abstract theories relate to the physical and chemical and biological theories, embracing the process of the entire cosmic evolution and the methodology of Science. As Jaina alchemy, or chemistry had to deal primarily with the composition and changes of matter, a concise preliminary summary of some of these theories will be given in the beginning in the introduction to deal with the development in its practical aspect. It may be stated that the theories were purely speculative in character with little or no experimental verification, being the result of only systematic and logical chemical thoughts, yet they may be said to stand in good comparison with some of the most recent and advanced scientific ideas of our time and to bear the stamp of high intellectual perfection and sublime intuition of the time of Jinadatta Suri. 1. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, ch. 14. 2. Rasattridaya Tantram, Govinda Bhagavatpada, chapter 1/10, Motilal Banarsidass, Lahore, 1927. 3, Indian Alchemy and Tantras, pp. 369-70. For Personal & Private Use Only

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In connection with the , editing of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra of Jinadatta Suri. I express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Harivallabh Bhayani, L. D. Institute of Indology, for kindly going through the prepared text of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra and suggesting a few changes in some linguistic forms of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsa and old Gujarati words of this text with corrections and helping me in studying different Chandas (metres) used by the author in the composition of the first and fourteenth chapters. I am indebted very much to Pandit Sri Laxmanbhai Hiralal Bhojak, a Research Assistant, and Pandit Babubhai Shah, an ex. Research Assistant of L.D. Indology, for their assistance in studying the original MSS. of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra and preparing its text with variant readings. I am thankful to my young fellow brother, Dr. K. V. Sheth, a research officer, L. D. Institute, for his valuable suggestions in editing the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. I am very much grateful to Prof. Dalsukh D. Malvania, ex-Director, L. D. Institute of Indology, for encouraging me in editing such a tough Jaina alchemical work written in different languages and going through my work. J. C. Sikdar. For Personal & Private Use Only

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INTRODUCTION (1) A Critical description of the manuscripts used, indicating their mutual relation. There are three MSS. of Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra of Jinadattasuri at the Library of the L. D. Institute of Indolagy, Ahmedabad-9. (1) MS. - A Regd. No. 27596, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad-9, patras (folios)-43, written on palm - leaf with black ink, R. S. Date of composition - VS. 1210, copied in the 18th century A. D. (2) MS.-B. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Prayoga-Sastra composed by Jinadatta Suri - (purchased), Regd. Suci No. 6566, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad-9, patras (folios)-17, written with silvery ink (ruperi sahi) on paper R. S. Date of composition -VS. 1210, copied in the 18th cen. A. D. (3) MS.- C. -Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Prayoga-Sastra. (it is incomplete), com posed by Jinadattasuri, Regd. Suci 6565, L. D. Institute or Indology, Ahmedabad-9, patras 10-17, written with golden ink on palm-leaf. R. S. Date of composition-VS. 1210, copied in the 18th Cen. A. D. These three MSS. have been used by me in editing the Suvarna-RaupyaSiddhi-Sastra. MS. No. C in its incomplete form does not differ from the reading of MS.-B. So I had to depend solely on MS-A. and B. for editing the Suyarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. MS.-A. This is a well preserved MS. in good hand - writing in Devanagari Script. It has 43 folios of palm-leaf, - measuring 42~5. c. m. = 164"x2", 2 c. m. = half inch on right and left, a little less on top and bottom, eight lines on the first page, five lines on the last page and nine to ten lines on the intermediate pages. The marginal space does not vary and the whole MS. is written by one hand. It has 70-90 letters to a line due to the space left in the middle and the use of big types of letters. The colophons (see the last verse of the 14th chapter) clearly say that the work was composed by Jinadattasari of Kharataragaccha on Aksaya trtiya day in VS. 1210. The elaborate prasasti stanza at the end gives the genealogy of the teacher of the author. The margins of the text are indicated by thick black lines on both sides, right and left and two dots in on both sides. The dots are perforated and the edges of the hole are worn, indicating that palm leaf MS. was preserved by binding with string. For Personal & Private Use Only

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VIII The MS. is written on a thick palm-leaf and its black ink is well preserved. The corrections in the MS. are indicated by a kakapada in the line and the same in the margin. Usual punctuation signs, i. e. danda and ardha danda, are used. Vertical strokes over the words are used as a device for . the punctuations. Usually palimatra is used. The MS. begins with :- "Sri Gotamaya namah atha Samskrtaprakrtapabramsabhasaya svarnarupya-siddhayo limkhyante gadyapadyabamdhena" and ends with "maya lekhi lokanam duhkhanasins dine, ksayatrtiyayam Jinadattena sarina" The text presented by this MS. is as good as an autograph copy, but at the same time an autopsy and a comparison with MS. - B. show that the haplographies and other eye-mistakes cannot be explained with the existence of a lost autograph. This MS. is counted as the main one in the prepared edition of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra. MS. B. This is also a well-preserved MS. in good hand writing (m Deyanagri Script). It has 17 patras (folios), measuring 41x9 c. m. = 164"x34", margins of 2 c. m. = half inch on right and left, a little less on top and bottom; 21-23 lines to a page except the last one which contains 10 lines. The marginal space does note vary and the whole MS. is written by one hand. It has an average of 90-108 letters to a line due to the space left in the middle. The colophons (see the last stanza of the 14th chapter) give the same date of composition) that it was composed by Jinadatta Suri on Aksayatrtiya day, VS. 1210. The elaborate prasasti stanza at the end gives the genealogy of the teacher of the author. The margins of the text are indicated by thick silvery lines on both sides. The MS. is written on a thick red paper with silvery ink. The corrections in the MS. are indicated by a Kakapada in the line and the same in the margin. Usual punctuation signs, i. e. of danda and ardha-danda, are used. Vertical strokes over the words are used as a device for the punctuations. Usually palimatra is used. This MS. begins with "Om Ganesaya namah. Atha Samskrta-prakrtaApabhramsa-bhasaya limkyamte", etc. and ends with "dine ksayatstiyayani Jinadattena Surina", as found in MS-A. The text preserved by this MS-B. is as good as that of MS.-A. For Personal & Private Use Only

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MS.-C. As pointed out, it is incomplete, for one-nine patras (folios) in the beginning are missing. Only it contains 8 patras (folios) from 10-17 patras and the onward patras after the 17th up to the concluding patra containing the last stanza- are also missing. So this MS. could not be used fully. No doubt, whatever portion is existing, (it) is a well-preserved MS. in good hand-writing. It has only 8 folios, measuring 43 x 6 c. m. 17" x 2-margin of 2 c. m. = half inch on right and left, a little less on top and bottom; ten lines to a page. The marginal space does not vary, and the whole MS. is written by one hand. It has an average of 80-85 letters to a line due to the space left in the middle. IX The margin of the text are indicated by thick golden lines on both sides. and two dots on two sides. Both the dots are perforated. The edges of the holes are worn, indicating that the palm-leaf MS. was also preserved by binding with string. The MS. is written on thick palm-leaf with golden ink. The corrections in the MS. are indicated by a kakapada in the line and the same in the margin. Usual punctuation signs, i. e. of danda and ardha-danda are used. Vertical strokes over the words are used as a device for the punctuations, For Personal & Private Use Only

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METHOD OF EDITING (ii) Principles of text-constitution adopted, while choosing certain readings or following a certain recension. . From a study of the above-mentioned three MSS. the MS-A is considered here as the main one, as it can be regarded as the oldest one on the basis of language, mode of writing and date. The edited text has been prepared mainly on the basis of the said MS. Besides this, the alternate readings of other MSS. are noted here. The notes of the variant readings (pathantara) has been prepared according to the numbers of stanza, lines and formulae of the MS.-A. No additional words or lines found in other MSS. are taken in the edited text, except in the case of a necessity for reference. The stanzas or lines found in the MS.-A., but not found in any other MSS. have been kept in the edited text. If, in some cases, the edited text has not been found up to the mark from the point of view of its reference, spelling, antiquity and appropriateness of meaning, than the text of other MSS. which appeared to be up to the mark from those points of view has been taken into the edited text and the text of the main MS.-A has also been noted in the foot notes. Generally the MS.-A has been taken as standard as a rule from every aspect -evidence, order, language and spelling, etc. The edited text is prepared on the following principles; (1). Here the Ms.- A is counted as the main one and generally its text is accepted and the importance of the alternate text of other MSS. is also noted. Pathantara (alternate or variant reading) regarding padapuraka (comple mentariness) of paryayatmka (synonymous verson) is not noted. 3) The note of every place whether there is more or less reading, has been taken. The special note of the alternate readings has been taken by considering the importance of language, meaning and other important points of view, (5) No imaginary reading which is not found in the MSS. has been taken in the edited text. (6) In the editing the spelling has been followed according to that of the MS. - A. Of course, sometimes, it has been corrected from the lingu istic point of view by comparing the spelling of the text of all the MSS. (7) If the reading of the recent time has been found more standard than that of the MS. - A, then it has been accepted in the edited text. (2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(UI) Life and Age of the author of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. It is clearly stated by the author of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra in the last verse of the 14th chapter that the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra has been written by me, Jinadattasuri, having an experience (and) belonging to the pure celebrated Kharatara Gaccha in the world in Vs. 1210 (1153 A. D.) on the day of Aksaya trtiya for removing the misery of the people." . According to one view, it was Jinadatta Suri 2 a pupil of Jina-vallabha suri, who was the real founder of Kharataragaccha at Ajmer in Vs. 1179. Dharmasagara Suri maintains the view that it was founded by him in VS. 1204.3 It is alleged that Jinadatta Suri was obliged to fly on the back of a mule (khara). He had hence the nick-name 'Kharatara'. Another explanation of this gaccha is that Jinadatta Suri was a redoubtable master (khara) of controversy.5 His activities equally account for his further names - Camundika, because he dedicated a prayer to Camunna and Austrika 6 as he was obliged to fly on the back of a mule. 7 Whatever may be the explanation of the origin of Kharataragaccha, it prospered and flourished vigorously in Rajasthan. And it is one of the most important celebrated svetambara schools. It is to be observed here that Jinadattasuri stands as the fifth Acarya from Jinesvara Suri in the line of Kharataragaccha according to the Kharataragccha pattavali. 8 It is possible that Kharataragaccha was founded by Jinesvarasuri at Patan outside Rajasthan, but it became much celebrated under the leadership of Jinadatta Suri in Rajasthan, So it was natural according to one view, that he was the founder of Kharatara gaccha. But it is to be noted here that Jinesvarasuri obtained the title "Kharatara" in 1017 A. D. at the court of king Duralabharaja of Patan by defeating the Caityavasi monks. 1. Akasendukara kale Vikaramato gate / Svacche Kharataragacche Vikhyate Jagatitate // Svanubhuta maya lekhi lokanam duhkhanasini / Dine (a) Ksayatrtiyayam Jinada ttena Surina || Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra, ch, 14,68 2. Jaina Sahityano Itihas, p. 233. 3. According to Dharmasagar Upadhyaya, it was Jinadatta (VS. 1204) who was the founder of Kharataragaccha, See pravacana Pariksa, Dharmasagar Upadhyaya, P, 323, line 17. 4. In regard to peculiarities of Kharatara it is known from Jinadatta himself by an - Utsutrapadaghatankulaka (309) by a samacari (Dharmasagar gurvavali in Ajitadeva suri series No. 41, weber, Kup., p. 804). 5. "Pattane pausadhasalivanavade kuvalanga Kharataragacchaicete namam abhat", Patjavali Samuccaya, Pt. I, pp. 56, 154. 6. Pravacana Pariksa, Dharmasagar Upadhyaya, p. 231. 7. See Bhandarkar's Report, 1883-84 A.D. p. 149. 8. Kharatagaccha Pattavali, Pt. II, pp. 24 ff., Pt. III, pp. 47 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XII A critical study of all evidences of the pattavalis shows that Kharata'ragaccha started with Jinadatta Suri, although the Kharataragaccha Pattavali traces its origin from Jinesvara Suri, a pupil of Dharmasagara Srui, a grandpupil of Udyotana Suri of Vanavasi gaccha. Jinadatta Suri was born in the family of Vachigamantri and his wife Vahadadevi, the residents of Dhandhukanagara, belonging to Humvada gotra, in Vs. 1132. His original name was Somacandra. He took to initiation at the hands of Vacaka Dharmadeva on the sixth day of Vaisakhavadi in VS. 1141 in the City of Citrakuta (Chitor). He was installed as Acarya by Sri Devabhadracarya with the attribute of name "Jinadatta Suri' in Vs. 1169, It is found that the monks of the Kharataragaccha took much interest in alchemy and occultism as a course of study in later periods, as it is notable that Jinadattasuri first started the study of alchemy and occultism in the Kharataragaccha for the benefit of the people. For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. Author's indebtedness to earlier authors and the relative position of the work - Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra in the allied branches of literature, Jinadattasuri, the author of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra declares his indebtedness to the previous Acaryas like Nagarjuna,? Padaliptasari, 2 Carpata,3 Natha, Sekham Ali5 and Others6 for a knowledge of certain processes of alchemy as is found in the case of other Indian works on alchemy. It appears clearly that the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra is a composition based on some standard works on alchemy, medicine and occultism and the contribution of the adepts, The peculiaritry of the work is this that it is based upon the Indian Ayurveda texts on the one hand and the Indian Tantric chemical treatises on the other. It appears from a comparative study of the contents of this work that it is more or less compilation based upon many other Indian alchemical works of the Tantric period on the same problem or there might have been a common Indian scurce from which all the Indian schools of alchemy might have drawn their respective alchemical information. A Summary of the Contentes (Chapterwise) of the ' Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra contains fourteen chapters dealing with alchemy - chemistry and metallurgy, medicines and occultism. The first chapter consisting of 61 verses treats of the accomplishment of the process of metallurgy of gold, silver, etc., the processes of killing mercury, gold, Napalese copper and gold-making? in the 1st verse, purification of orpiment and mercury, making of gold from the base metals-copper, iron and leade, fixation of orpiment and mercury, purification of copper in the 2nd verse, invocation to Mahaviralo in the 3rd verse, mercury, mineral calamine, realgar and sulphur, orpiment and gold 11 in the 4th verse and the necessary materials for chemistry and metallurgy 12 in the 5th verse. 1. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, ch. 1. 60 2. Ibid., ch. II. 4. 3. Ibid., ch. I. 8, 14, 17, 36, 39 4, Ibid., ch. I. 19 3, Ibid., ch. I. 60 MS. B .6, Ibid., ch. I. II (Gandu) Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra ch. 1. 1. 8, SRSS. ch. 1. 2. 9, Ibid., ch. 1. 2.. 11, Ibid., ch. 1. 4. 12, Ibid., ch. 1. 5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XIV Next this chapter deals the processes of gold 1 and silver 2 - making in most of the remaining verses and refers to the alchemical sects - Dhatavedhi, Gavavedhi, and Dhumravedhi. Carapata yogiya 3 in the 13th verse, sources of mercury 4 in the 30th verse, the process of making Rasasindur (a mercurial medicine),5 in the 31st verse, the process of killing lead and mercury and that of making pearl 7 in the 51st and 52nd verses respectively, that of making lead 8 in the 53rd verse, killing of mercury in the 55th verse and testing of iron 10 in the 56th verse. The second chapter comprising 15 sutras and an eulogy to Mahavira is a commentary on the first chapter, interpreting the secret meanings of alchemical thoughts and practices hidden in the code letters and words of some of the verses, 11 of the first chapter. It ends with an enlogy to Mahavira which contains the secret theories of alchemical pro example, " Kharamatahasamatulyam Vajriksirenabhavitam bahusol." (1-26) Kha = Kharpara = mineral calamine. Ra = rasa = mercury. Ma = manahsila = realger, Ta = tamkana -borax, Ha = haratala = orpiment. Take equal portions of each of them and grind them; they are to be saturated with the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum). "Dhammo mangalamukkitgan ahimsa samjamo tavo / Deva vi tam namamsamti jassa , dhamme saya mano // (1.1.) Dhammo = mercury, mangalam = gold, ukkittham = Nepalese copper, ahimsa = Kamtheri (capparis sepiaria), samjamo = rakta agastya (red-flowered agasta, sesbania glandiflora) tavo = krsnakanaka = black thorny apple, deva vi = pili devadali (yellow Andropogon serratus). Mercury is killed with the juice of thorny apple, gold is killed with the juice of red sesbania glandiflora, the Nepalese copper is killed with the juice of Capparia Sepiaria. 1. SRSS., ch, 1.6, 7, 9, 10, 12 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50 59, 60, 61 2. SRSS., ch, 1. 8, 11, 22, 26, 27, 34, 35, 49, 54, 57 3. Ibid., ch. 1. 13 4. Ibid., ch. 1. 30 5. Ibid., ch. 1. 31 6. Ibid., ch. 1. 51 7. Ibid., ch. 1. 52 8. SRSS. ch. 1. 53. 9. Ibid., ch. 1. 55. 10. Ibid., ch. 1. 56. 11. Ibid., ch. 1. 1, 2, 7, 10, 16, 26, 33, 34, 38, 45, 46, 48, 49, For Personal & Private Use Only

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Having rubbed three (mercury, gold and copper) with the juice of yellow Andropogon serratus, the essence of these measuring and gunja should be given into copper weighing one tola. There will be the accomplishment of gold. (1.1). The third chapter consisting of 109 formulae of alchemy deals with various alchemical process of gold-making and silver-making, 2 scme chemical processes, 3 remedy for paralytic rheumatism, 4 fixation of mercury,5 process of making mercury out of mica, 6 medicine, ? process of making cinnabar, 8 process of copper-making, o process of making menamudra, 10 purification of copper, 11 making of gutikas (pills) for using in the practice of occultism, 12 etc., process of making the essence of mineral calamine, 13 and the process of making mercury fire- proved. 14 The fourth chapter consisting of 30 formulae deals with the chemical processes of gold making15, silver making16, the chemical process of incresing the carat of gold17 in Kavaciyantra, process of making medicinal pill, 18 process of making the essence of orpiment19, process of increasing the weight of gold.20, medicine, 21 process of making copper22 from the stones of earth passed by the earth worms and purification of Zinc23 ? 9 ) 1. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra ch. 3. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 9x, 19, 20, 21, 25, 33. 37, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 58, 60, 63, 73, 75, 76, 77, 85, 86, 103, 105, 107, 109, Thid. ch. 3. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 43. 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 102, 104, 106. 3. Ibid. ch. 3. 5, 15 4. Ibid. ch. 3. 6x 5. Ibid. ch. 3. 22, 55, 56, 59, 64, 78, 81, 6. Ibid. ch. 3. 27. 7. Ibid. ch. 3. 38, 40, 51, 8. Ibid. ch. 3. 41, 9. Ibid. ch. 3. 61, 10. Ibid. ch. 3. 66, 11. Ibid. ch. 3. 66x 12. Ibid. ch. 3. 78-80, 82, 83, 13. Ibid. ch. 3. 84 14. Ibid., ch. 3. 108. 15. Icid., ch. 4. 3, 7, 12, 14, 18, 23, 25, 27, 28. 16. Ibid. ch. 4. 2, 4, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 29. . 17. Ibid. 4. 1. 18. Ibid. 4. 5. 19. Ibid. 4. 6. 20. Ibid. 4. 9. 21. Ibid. 4. 10, 11, 30. 22. Ibid. 4. 26. 23. Ibid., 4. 27, For Personal & Private Use Only

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XVI The fifth chapter consisting of forty five formulae of the alchemical processes of killing all kind of metal with orpiment and realgar, making essence, 2 killing mercury, Sulphur, Kaneri, realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic with the juice of Aristo lochia bracteata, 3 converting silver into -gold", other processes of gold - making 5 and silver - making 6, fixing of mercury 7, incineration of mercury, 8 making of mercurial pill, 9 making mercury fire - proved, 10 purification of mineral Calamine 11 Chemical processes of increasing carat of gold, 12 process of piercing of silver and copper. 13 process of making oil of Sulphur, 14 making of mercury out of the leaves of mica, 15 making of medicine for disease, 16 and process of making madanamudra 17 (seal with wax). The fixth chapter containing forty two formulae makes a study of the processes of gold-making 18 and silver - making, 19 process of killing copper,20 making essence, 21 purification of Copper, 22 occultism to see hidden treasure and to become invisible 23 with the application of Dravyanjana, etc. process of making out poison, 24 process of making Jalayantra,25 fixation of mercury26 incineration of mercury, 27 remedy of importency, 28 medicinal preparation29 incinaration of silver 30 and Vasikarana (enchanting art.) . 1. Ibid. 5. 1. 2. Ibid. 5. 2, 20, 43 3. Ibid. 5. 3. Ibid. Ibid. 5. 3x, 4, 5. 10, 12, 13, 15, 17. 18. 19. 24. 26. 29. 32. 39. 40 5. 7. Ibid. 5. 6, 41, 8. Ibid. 5. 7, 8, 44 9. Ibid. 5. 11. 10. Ibid. 5. 14 11, Ibid. 5. 16 12. Ibid. 5 21, 22, 30, 36 13. Ibid. 5. 31, 14. Ibid, 5. 35. 15, Ibid, 5. 37 Ibid, 5, 42 Ibid. 5. 45. 18. Ibid. ch, 6, 1, 4, 7, 8, 9x 10, 10x, 14, 17x, 19, 21, 22, 26, 28, 36, 40. 19. Ibid. ch. 1x, 2, 3, 5, 9, 20, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36. 39. 20. Ibid. ch. 6. 5 21. Ibid. ch. 6. 6, 17, 29, 22. Ibid. ch. 6. 7 23. Ibid. ch. 6. 11, 12, 24. Ibid. ch. 6. 17x 25. Ibid. ch. 6. 18, 27, 25 26. Ibid. ch. 6. 23, 24, 27. Ibid. ch. 6. 25, 28. Ibid, ch. 6. 32, 37, 38, 41 . 30. Ibid. ch. 6. 41, 31. Ibid. ch. 6. 42, For Personal & Private Use Only

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XVII The seventh chapter consisting of twenty eight formulae deals with the process of purification of mica, medicines for typhoid fever, gonorrhoea, bloody bileousness (rakta pitta), dysponoea and epilepsy, a medicine for eye, scanty urination, jholo (a kind of disease), mabarakhi (a kind of disease), huk, cuk, nala, and barahalla (these disease not yet identified), astagulma (eight kinds of tumour), giddiness, arthritis and bhramara corangi disease, diet, etc. 3 The process of making pure mica out of black mica, * a Tantric incantation "Aum Hrim..... Kuru Svaha", 5 medicine for breathing trouble and semen trouble, 6 prayer to Bagavati for making rain,? some chemical processes, 8 process of making white copper, 9 medicinal pills for curing boils, 10 some medicine, 11 process of making gold of 10 carats, 12 11 carats, 13 14 carats, 14 process of gold-making, 15 process of silver making, 16 process of Madanamudra, 17 (seal with wax), Menamudra, 18 (seal with wax), other Mudras, 19 process of making strong crucible 20 of killing lead and converting it into silver and gold, 21 process of making the chemical essence, 22 processing of mercury and lead,23 process of making water of mercury, 24 and process of making water of Sal - ammoniac. 25 1. Ibid., ch. 7. 1. 2. Ibid., ch. 7, 1. 3. Ibid., ch. 7. 2. 4. Ibid., ch. 7. 3. 5. Ibid., ch. 7. 4. 6. Ibid., ch. 7. 7. Ibid., ch. 7. 6. 8. Ibid., ch. 7. 7. 9. Ibid., ch. 7. 8. 10. Ibid., ch. 7. 9. 11. Ibid., ch. 7. 10. 12. Ibid., ch. 7. 25. 13. Ibid., ch. 7. 11, 25. 14. Ibid., ch. 7. 26. 15. Ibid., ch. 7. 19. 23. 16. Ibid., ch. 7. 12, 19, 20, 22, 17. Ibid., ch. 7. 13. 18. Ibid., ch. 7. 14, 17, 18. 19. Ibid., ch. 7. 15. 20. Ibid., ch. 7. 16. 21. Ibid., ch. 7. 19. 22. Ibid., ch. 7. 21. 23. Ibid., ch. 7. 24. 24. Ibid., ch. 7. 27. 25. Ibid., ch. 7. 28, For Personal & Private Use Only

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XVIII The eighth chapter having thirty five chemical formulae presents an account of the processes of gold - making and silver-making, 2 purification of Kathira 3 (tin), vasikarana 4 (enchanting woman), making the chemical essence in Jalayantra, 5 chemical process of mercury and sal-ammoniac, 6 calcination of mercury,7 medical recipes for urticaria, eczema, leucoderma and itching, 8 process of making mercury, 9 Degami Navasara 10 (a kind of sal-ammoniac), making of medicinal essence, 11 killing of mercury and piercing of mercury into metal,12 preparation of chemicals 13, making mouth into mercury by chemical processes 14, fixation of mercury 15, making chemical essence of mercury 16, chemical processes 17, process of making of copper from Silver 18 and gold-making 19. * The ninth chapter cosisting of seventy chemical formulae deals with the chemical processing of hill-water in the preparation of alchemicals 20 medical recipes 21, fixation of mercury and making of mouth into fixed mercury, 22 elixir vitae by taking water of mercurial pill, 23 strengthening of body with the mercurial pills, 24 pirercing of all metals by the chemical mineral essence prepared with mercury, etc., 25 location of hill water, 26 process of making 1. SRSS., ch. 8. 1. 3, 8, 19. 21, 23 2. Ibid. ch. 8. 2, 4.5, 7.9, 15. 18. 3. Ibid ch. 8. 6. 4. Ibid.ch, 8, 10. 3. Ibid. ch, 8, 11, 12 6. Ibid, ch. 8. 13. 7. Ibid, ch. 8, 14. 8. Ibid. ch.8, 16 9. Ibid. ch, 8, 17 10. Ibid, ch, 8, 20 11. Ibid, ch, 8, 21 12. Ibid. ch. 8, 24, 13. Ibid. ch. 8. 25. 27. 14. Ibid, ch, 8. 26, 28, 29, 29x. 15. Ibid, ch, 8. 30. 16. Ibid. ch. 8. 31 17. Ibid, ch,' 8. 32, 33, 34, 35 18, Ibid. ch. 8. 34, 19. Ibid, ch, 8. 34x. 20, Ibid, ch, 9. 1. 21, Ibid. ch.9.2, 31, 22. Ibid, ch, 9. 3. 23, Ibid, ch, 9. 4, 24. Ibid, ch. 9. 5, 6 25, Ibid. ch. 9. :7 26. Ibid. ch, 9.8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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IXX lead white, i some chemical processes, 2 process .cf making iron, 3 that of making silver, 4 that of burning of mercury, 5 process of making cinnabar, 6 white cinnabar, 7 mercurial preparation of pill for old fever, 8 medicines for fevers, 9 all types of fever, 10 mercurial medicine for appetite and sex-exciting;11 medicine for impotency, 12 mercurial medicines for all types of fever, cough and chilliness, 13 mercurial medicine for typhoid fever, 14 etc., medic re for intermittent fevers - tryahnik and caturahnik 15 (tertian and quartion) mercurial medicines for fevers, 15 mercurial medicines for all feversrheumatic fevers, 17 medicine for impotency, gastralgia and sex-excitation and for lost sexual power, 18 reducing of mercury to ashes, 19 process of making mercury silver - like, 20 killing of mercury, 21 purification of mercury, 22 making it white, chemical essence, 23 fixation of mercury, 24 process of silver-making, 25 some chemical processes 26 Khahipo Khamina Mudra, 27 making seal in the medicine of Menamudra, as process of calomel 1. Ibid. ch. 9. 9 2. Ibid. ch, 9, 10, 19. 3. Ibid. ch. 9. 11. 4. Ibid. ch. 9. 12, 13. 5. Ibid. ch. 9. 14. 6. Ibid. ch. 9. 15, 17, 18, 44 7. Ibid. ch. 9. 16. 8. Ibid. ch. 9. 20. 9. Ibid. ch. 9. 21, 30. 10. Ibid. ch. 9. 22. 11. Ibid. ch. 9. 23. 12. Ibid. ch. 9. 24. 13. Ibid. ch. 9. 25. 14. Ibid. ch. 9. 26. 15. Icid. ch. 9. 27. 16. Ibid. ch. 9. 17. Ibid. ch. 9. 29. 18. Ibid. ch. 9. 19. Ibid. ch. 9. 32. 20. Ibid. ch. 9. 33. 21. Ibid. ch. 9, 34. 22. Ibid. ch. 9. 35. 23. Ibid. ch. 9, 36. 24. Ibid. ch. 9. 37, 38. 25. Ibid. ch. 9. 39, 41, 47, 52. 26. Ibid. ch. 9, 40, 41x, 42, 45, 46, 49, 53, 54, 56, 66, 27. Ibid. ch. 9. 40x, 28. Ibid. 'ch. 9. 40y. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XX perchloride of mercury, process of making gold, 2 chemical pill, 3 medicine for strength, 4 process of making copper white, 5 killing of mercury and oxide of arsenic with the conch-shell powder, 6 chemical process to make lead white, 7 medicine for gonorrhoea 8 and appetite, some medicine, 9 medicine for roughness of skin, 10 medicine for eczema. "1, medicine for blisters of ulcers, 12 medicine for sceptic ulcer, 13 medicine for skin - swelling, 14 medicine for taking out worm from the nose, 15 and medicine for rheumatism. 16 The tenth chapter comprising seventy four chemical formulae makes a study of various medical and chemical processes, such as, medicine for taking out worms from the nose, 17 process of giving roasting to white coppor, mlting of blue vitriol, copper and iron. 18 chemical process of nitrate of salt pater, mercury, calomel, calamine, copper, ect. 19, medicine for lost sexual power, 20 tumour, 21 medicine for appetite; 22 Himgalomudra, 23 process of making 12 Carat-silver from copper, 24 some chemical processes, 35 process of purifying copper, 26 process of gold - making, 27 chemical process, 28 1. Ibid. ch. 9. 43 2. Ibid. ch. 9. 43x 3, Ibid. ch. 9. 48 4. Ibid. ch, 9. 49(1) 5. Ibid. ch. 9, 49(2) 50 6. Ibid. ch. 9. 51 7. Ibid. ch. 9. 57, 8. Ibid. ch. 9. 58, 60 9. Ibid. ch. 9. 59, 68 10. Ibid. ch. 9. 61 - 11. Ibid. ch. 9. 62 12, Ibid. ch. 9. 63 13. Ibid. ch. 9. 64 14. Ibid. ch. 9. 65 15. Ibid. ch. 9. 69 16. Ibid, ch.9. 70 17. SRSS. ch. 10. 1. 18, Ibid. 19. Ibid. ch. 10. 1x 20. Ibid. ch. 10 2, 3 21. Ibid. ch. 10. 3, 22, Ibid, ch. 10, 4, 12, 16 23. Ibid. ch. 10,5 24. Ibid, ch. 10,5 25, Ibid, ch. 26, Ibid. ch. 10, 7 27, Ibid, ch, 10. 8, 30, 28. Ibid, ch, 10, 9, 11, 17, 21, 22, 26, 27, 31, 35, 36, 43, 43x, 48, 59,.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXI for the removal of blackness of brass, medicine for sexual excitement, 2 medicine for Dhalma, 3 (Gulma ? = tumour), medicine for gas,* some medicines, 5 chemical process for medicine, 6 process of making Jalayantra, 7 Minamudra, 8 (process of makirg wax seal), piccess of makit.g inedicinal oil, o process of increasing the carat of gold, 10 process of fixing mercury, 11 solvents of copper - ash of bone of the neck of camel, bone of boar and tail of rat, 12 some mecurial process, 13 process of silver-making, 14 process of making gold, 15 process of Sal-ammoniac, 16 medicine for sceptic ulcer, 17 medicine for boil on head and all types of headache 18 medicine for removal of blackness of the face, 19 medicine for burning sensation in the body, 20 process of making Degami Navasar (Sal-ammoniac), 21 mercurial medicine, 22 medicine for incurable haemorrhage and jaundice, 23 process of calcination of mercury,24 mercurial medicine for sexual appetite and strength, 25 some mercurial medicines, 26 process of making the lump of mercury and mica fire - proved, 27 and purification of copper, 28 1, Ibid, ch, 10, 10 2. Ibid, ch, 10, 12, 57 3. Ibid, ch, 10, 13 4, Ibid. ch. 10, 14 5. Ibid, ch, 10, 15, 18, 20, 27, 28, 67, 68 6. Ibid, ch, 10, 19, 24, 27 7. Ibic. ch. 10, 23 8, Ibid, ch, 10, 25 9, Ibid, ch. 10, 28 10. Ibid. bh. 10. 29 11, Ibid, ch, 10, 32, 44, 55, 73, 12, Ibid, ch, 10, 33, 34 13, Ibid, ch, 10. 37 14, Ibid ch, 10, 38, 40, 42, 47, 54 61, 62, 63, 15. Ibid, ch, 10, 39, 41, 46, 56 16. Ibid, ch, 10. 45 12. Thid. ch. 10. 49. 50 18. Wid, ch, 10, 51 19. Ibid, ch, 10. 52 2, di,a, . 21, Ibid, ch, 10, 58. 22. Ibid. ch. 10. 60, 23, Ibid, ch. 10, 64, 24. Ibid, ch, 10, 65, 66, 25. Ibid. ch, 10, 69. 26. Ibid, ch, 10, 71, 71, 27. Ibid. ch, 10. 72 28. Thid. ch. 10. 74 For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXII The eleventh chapter consisting of two sections, having 42 and 40 chemical formulae respectively treats of chemical process, ' Vasikarana (enchanting of man by woman)2 through occultism, making the peace of husband and wife disturbed by the influence of occultism, 3 Vasikarana of woman, 4 Vasikarana of woman by writing some incantation figures. 5 the process of silver - making, 6 process of making gold, 7 fixing of mercury, 8 killing of mercury, 9 calcination of mercury, 10 chemical processes, 11 process of making Mudra, 12 process of increasing carat of gold, 13 process of making Degami Navasara (sal - ammoniac) 14, fixation of sulphur, 15 process of making oil of orpiment and resin, 16 process of making crucible, 17 seven p:ocess of taking out the chemical essence, 18 mercurial (medicinal pill),19 processes of increasing sexual appetite with mercurial pill, 20 process of making copper white and silver bright, process of making orpiment, 21 medicine, 22 occultism of going anywhere with the help of gutika (specially prepared), 23 remedy for impotency, 24 and Samta gutika (pill). 25 The twelth chapter having thirty two formulae makes a study of the process of purification of copper, 26 process of silver-making, 27 process of making Pegami Navasar,28 some chemical process, 29 process of gold-making, 30 1. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi - Sastra, ch, 11, 1. 1, 11, 12, 24. 2. Ibid. ch. 11. 12. 3. Ibid. ch. 11. 1, 3 4. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 4 5. Ibid, ch, 11. 1. 5 6. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 6, 15, 23, 27, 31, 33 11. 2. 9, 12, 18, 20, 26, 27, 31, 32 7. Ibid. ch. 11. 1, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 22, 24, 24, 25, 28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41; 11. 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 39, 40. 8. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 8, 9, 14, 19, 29, 30x, 33, 9. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 20. 10. Ibid. ch. 11. 2. 7. 11. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 11x, 18 12, Ibid, ch, 11. 1. 12. 13. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 17, 26. 14. Ibid. ch. 11. 1. 21. 15, Ibid, ch. 11, 1. 32. 16. Ibid, ch. 11. 1. 42.. 17. Ibid. ch. 11. 2. 1, 22, 36. 18. Ibid, ch, 11. 2. 6. 19. Ibid, h, 11. 2. 8, 20. Ibid, ch, 11. 2. 21. Ibid. ch. 11. 2. 18. 22. Ibid, ch. 11. 2, 19, 23. Ibid. ch, 11, 2. 25. 24. Ibid. ch. 11. 2. 33. 25. Ibid. ch. 11. 2. 34. 37 26. Ibid, ch. 11. 2. 39 27, Ibid. ch. 11, 1. 28. Ibid. ch. 12. 2, 6, 13, 17, 21, 25, 268, 29, 30 29. Ibid. ch. 12. 3, 30, Ibid, ch, 12. 5, 10, 12, 23, 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXIII occultisin to see underground treasure, 1 medicine for producing male child, 2 process of taking out poison from the stomach, 3 and occultism to be invisible. 4 The thirteenth chapter consisting of two sections having twenty seven and sixteen chemical formulae respectively deals with Vasikarana 5 (process of enchanting), process of making mercury from rice, 6 process of silver - making, 7 process of prericing copper with chemical essence and making gold,8 camphor-making, remedy for impotency, 10 some chemical processes, 11 mercurial process of making chemical essence for making gold, 19 purification of mercury, 13 process of demonstrating puta chemical roasting and preparing medicine, 14 medicine for appetite and strength, 15 production of mercury, 16 medicine, 17 process of precing metal leaves, 18 process of making the essence of mineral calamine, 19 process of Menamudra (seal made of wax),20 Madanamudra,21 process of making gold22 of carats, 23 remedy for impotency, 24 process of piercing of silver, tin and copper with the chemical essence for making gold.25 The fourteen chapter having two sections comprising fourteen and sixty nine respectively makes an analysis of the first and second khecari gutikas (pills) in the first section, by throwing light upon the process of preparation and efficaciousness for elixir vitae ard 64 kinds of disease 26 and rejuvenation health. 27. 1. Ibid. ch. 12. 14, 15, 16 2. Ibid. ch. 12. 22. 3. Ibid. ch, 12. 31. 4. Ibid. ch. 12. 32. 5. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, ch, 13. 11. 6. Ibid. ch. 12. 1. 2. 7. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 4. 5. 14, 17, 26. 8. Ibid. ch. 13 1 6, 7, 8: 9, 20, 23, 25 13. 2. 4. 8. 9. 10 9. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 10. 11 10. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 12. 13. 11. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 15. 24. 13, 2, 3, 11, 12. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 16, 13. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 18. 14. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 19. 15. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 20. 16. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 22, 13 2. 4. 17. Ibid. ch. 13. 1. 27, 13, 2, 13, 15 18. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 1. 19. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 2. 20. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 5. 21. Ibid. ch. 13, 2. 6. 22. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 7. 23. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 13. 24. Ibid. ch. 13. 2. 16. 25. SRSS. ch. 14. 1, 1-12 26. Ibid. ch, 14. 1, 13-14. 27, Ibid, ch. 14. 2. 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXIV The second section of the fourteenth chapter forms ccr.cluding part of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - sastra and deals with the necessary requirements for alchemy, invocation to the Jina 2 and the Tirtharkaras, 3 process of gold making, 4 some chemical processes with garlic, 5 and process of making oil of sulphur, orpiment, oxide of arsenic one others for making gold. 6 Next it proceeds on to explain how to make gold? by different methods and commends the efficacy of mercurial medicine 8 (bhasma), remedies for impotency, 9 leprosy (kustha), 10 leucoderma, 11 Jaundice, 12 dropsy, 13 comatoge, 14 epilepsy 15 dysponoea, 16 psoriasis 17 and all diseases, 18 and some other medicines for different kinds of diesases, 19 copper oxide (ash), 20 and the colophanthe monastic genealogy of Jinadatta Suri and date of the composstion of his work - the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra. Iu short it is to be summed up that this work treats of mercury, minerals and metals, the construction of apparatus, the mystic formulae for the purification of metal and minerals, the extraction of essence, liquefaction and incineration of minerals and metals, the processes of converting base metals into superior metals, virtues of mercury and elixir vitae, medical recipes and occultism. 1. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 2, 2. Ibid., ch. 14, 2, 3 3. Ibid,, ch, 14 2. 4 4. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 5 5. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 15-20 6. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 15-20 21-28, 29-43, 62, 67, 7. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 44 8. Ibid., ch. '14 2. 20. 9. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 51, 10, Ibid,, ch 14. 2, 52, 11. Ibid,. ch. 14 2, 53, 12. Ibid,, ch. 14. 2, 54, 13. Ibid,, ch. 14. 2, 54, 14. Ibid,, ch. 14. 2, 57, 15. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 58, 16. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 59, 17. Ibid., ch. 14, 2, 60, 18. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 63, 64, 65, 19. Ibid., ch. 14. 2, 66, 20. Ibid,, ch, 14, 2, 66-9. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXV History and Geography arising out of the study of the text of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra.. The Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra is of great value in the history of Science in India, for it throws important light upon the history of alchemy of the Tantric period and a sidelight on some aspects of Indian history, such as social and economic conditions, education, religion - heterodox religious sects, alchemical sects and their systems of alchemical thoughts and practices, and different personalities. The work provides some informations regarding the social systen - the caste, the superiority of the Brahmanas, conjugal relation, family relation, social belief in custom, alchemy, and occultism, and diseases, remedies and diets, etc. It throws a side light upon the prevailing economic conditions. A current of poverty flowed underneath the social surface of opulence of wealth in the hands of a few rich people. It was written by Jinadattasuri with the purpose of removing poverty, disease and old age from the society by making gold, silver, etc. from the base metals and preparing medicines with minerals (mercury, etc.) and herbs through the alchemical processes. The Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra refers to various kinds of minerals, metals and herbs with their chemical preparations, apparatus used in them, measu.ring system - weights, e. g. tank, vala, paisa - bhara, gadiyana, Janavadi, prastha, seer, maund, etc. and measurement of land - Yojana measurement of time - prabhara and ghadi gatika, etc. As regards education, the composition of the text of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra. is an evidence of the education of the society. The very first line of this work that : "Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhis are written in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Apabhramsa languages with prosaic and poetic order" indicates that the literature written in these languages was studied by the literate people of the days of Jinadattasuri in Gujarat. The use of palm - leaf and black ink and hand-made paper and silvery and golden ink for writing alchemical works in old Devanagari script shows an advancement in the field of education of the people in this area. It is also a mastery in the art of writing acnema indagas practice of the age in code letters with secret meanings. In regard to religion, it is clearly shown that Brahmanism and Jainism flourished side by side at the time of the author with mutual harmonious relation in Gujarat. The references to the Brahmanas, the 'Jainas For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXVI (Kharataragaccha), Tantric sect and Aghorapanthi sect, Muslim (Sekham Ali) in the field of alchemy show their mutual respect for one another. The work begins with the invocation to Gautama Ganadhara and the concept of Jainadharma - ahimsa (non-violence), samyama (self-control), tapa (austerity), meditation on Mahavira with his Caturvidha Samgha. It appears from the mention of Dhatavedhi, Gavavedhi and Dhumravedhi (Carapata Yogiya) that there were flourishing at least three alchemical sects besides the sects of Nagarjuna, Natha, Gandu, Sekham Ali and others during the time of Jinadattasuri. * It is known from the study of the SRSS. that the historical personalities like Parsvanath, Mahavira, Gautama Ganadhara, Padalipta Suri, Nagarjuna, Carpata, Natha, Gandu, and Sekham Ali flourished in their respective ages and also the mythology of the twenty four Tirthankaras. Geography: The SRSS. throws a side-light upon the geographical belt covering Rajasthan, Madhyapradesa, Maharastra where alchemical thoughts and practices were prevailing, as it is found in its casual references to the places where Sailodaka (hill - water) is available for the use of chemical processes. They are as follows: Kalyananagari, Girnar, Taringa, Gahuyari, Vegavala, Gauraparvata, Tungiya, Bhohagiri, Ahmedanagar, Bhatamara, Paranera, Girimara, Bhumdigna, Bagalana, Kanyari, Dharanagar, Sulapana, Ratnamala, Abu and many other places.1 Peculiarities of language, metres, style of writing, method of exposition, etc. adopted in the composition of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra. The language of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra is not uniform as it has clearly been stated in the beginning that this work has been written in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Apabhramsa by prosaic and poetic (versical) order.2 When the entire language of the work is critically judged, there are found not only these three languages, but the bulk of it is to be traced in old Gujarati, sometimes here and there in western Rajasthani on Rajasthani and Vrajabuli with a touch of eastern dialect or sometimes in a mixed language. 1. SRSS. ch. 9. 8. 2." Atha Samskrta-Prakrta-Apabhramsabhasaya-Svarnarupyasiddhayo likhyamte gadya padyabamdhena" For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXVII For examples : Sanskrit language : "dhyAnAjjineza bhavato bhavinaH kSaNena / deha vidAya paramAtmadazAM vrajanti // tIvrAnalAdupalabhAvamapAsya loke / cAmIkaratvamacirAdiva dhAtubhedAH // 2. 2 // ityAdi Prakrit language : dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo to / devA vi ta namasati jassa dhamme sayA maNA // 1. 2 // ityAdi - Apabhramsa language : be ghaDalA be sAmalA be ratuppalavaNNa / maragayavaNNa duNNi jiNa solasa kacanavaNNa // 1. 4 // ityAdi Old Gujarati language : hATavilAsaNi anuratArI / dUhu~ vicAle bhuyagama mAri // . mAri bhuyagama bAdhile sUyA / carapaTa bole kacana huyA // 1. 27 // ityAdi Old Western Rajsthani language : do rattA dA pIyalA caMdA varaNA cyAra / khappari radho khIcar3I celA (bhUkha na bhAra) // 1. 7 // ityAdi Old Rajasthani : rasanAgara rakpara sama karI jAro / taraNi citraka de kari mAro // gaDU bole hove Ana / rajeM tAra huye dasa vAna // 1. 22 // ityAdi For Personal & Private Use Only

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' XXVIII Old Vrajaboli or old Hindi : hATe phUlI vATe phUlI / gia etfer aia et, fai . . vATe mAsA tanakatAr3I / PinA 3 [ ] 7292 Ft antal 11 9. Page #34
'xxix The same baadsaemotimahetmasswimdbalmassjn, the aimor of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra in the 10th, 20th, 41st, 46th, 52nd and 3571 162363 adete se odagrer aad'in ai'de varses or ide fourteenth chapter except in the 13th and 14th verses of its 1st Pariccheda and in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 66th and 67th verses of the second pariccheda. Vasantalilaka Chanda : The second verse of the 1st chapter of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra begins with Vasantatilak achanda : dhyAnAjjineza bhavato bhavinaH kSaNena / deha vihAya paramAtmadazAM vrajanti // tIvAnalAdupalabhAvamapAsya loke / cAmIkaratvamacirAdiva thAtubhedAH // 1. 2 // This chanda has been used in the composition of the 55th verse of the first chapter. . Gatha - Arya -Chanda : .. ., The author has composed the third verse of the first chapter of the SRSS. in gatha chanda. sapuga padavayaNA siMhAsaNasa ThiA saparivArA bhAgyavavo jinacaMdA kevalaNANujjalA dhavalA // 2. 3 // He has used the same metre in the composition of the 5th, 6th, 25th, 26th, 33rd and 48th verses of the first chapter and followed it in the 13th verse of the first pariccheda and in the 1st, 2nd and 4th verses of the 2nd pariccheda of the fourteenth chapter respectively. dhUmAvalokitarase paMcamahAratajArite sarite / ... bIjena gagaNasatve mAkSikAmraprayuktena // 28. 13 // ... .... Doha Chanda: The fourth verse of the first chapter is composed in Apabhramba language with Doha Chanda. be dhaGalA be sAmalA be ratuppalavaNNa / maragayavaNNa duNNi jiNa, solasa kaMcanavaNNa // 1. 4 // The same chanda has been applied in the composition of the 7th, 23rd, 28th, 29th 37th, 39th (one line), 40th, 45th, 59th and 61st verses of the 1st chapter and 3rd verse of the second pariccheda of the fourteenth chapter. 1. It is the repetition of the 4th verse of the 1st chapter. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXX Padakulaka Chanda : This chanda has been used by the author in the composition of the 8th verse of the first chapter :. hATe phUlI vATe phUlI / hATe phUlI, te phiTakarI / vATe phUlI, te sIpauni / vAre mAsA, tanakator3I / rAMgameM dIje [ ] carapaTa kare tamAsA // It is also applied by him in the composition of the 11th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 22nd, 24th, 30th, 35th, 39th, 43rd, 44th, 51st, and 54th. verses of first chapter. "rasa nAgA khapara samakarI jaa|| taraNi citraka de kari mAro // gaDU bAle hove Ana / raje tAra huye dasavAna // 1. 12 // Vadanaka (a kind of Padakulaka) : The ninth verse of the first chapter is composed by the author in old Western Rajasthani - Gujarati with Vadanaka chanda. garur3a bhayagama sa(ma)kari sUtA / devadAli rasi kharalaha pUtA // hAlara hulara ma karIsa khetI / cosaTiTha tAle veghe eka ratI // 2. 9 // He adopted this chanda in the composition of the 12th, 27th, 31st, 36th, and 69th verses of the first chapter. Bhujanga Prayata Chanda : This chanda has been used only in the 14th verse of the first chapter as noted below: rasa gadhaka tAraka kunaTa kunaTI / ime madate siddhi pragaTI // kAi ghAtavedhI, kAi gAvavedhI / ame carapaTa yogIyA dhUmravedhI // 1. 14 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXXI Mandakranta Chanda : Mandakranta Chanda has been applied in the formation of the 16th and 56th verses of the first chapter, e. g........ tAla tApya kunaTa kunaTI sUtakasyAdrdhamAgam / khalve kRtvA tridinamathita' kAcamAcIrasene // lohe mAMDe praharatRtIya pAcanIya lepyam / zrutvAtIta bhavati kanaka saMbala pathakAnAm 41 16. // pAtre yasyodghRti jalamaye telabidurna sarpet / hiMgurgadha visRjati nijAM tiktatAM nibakalkaH // chatrAkAra' bhavati payaso naiti bhUmipradezam / kAMta loha tadidamucita lakSaNokta' cAnyat // 1. 56 // Vamsastha Chanda : The 42nd verse of the first chapter has been composed in Vamsastha chanda as noted below : kimatra citra yadi raktagaMdhakam / palAsa(za)yaSThIvanakatkalvitam // araNya stUpalakai vipAcitam / karoti tAra nipuTena kAMcanam // 1 42 // .. Malini Chanda The author has applied Malini Chanda in the composition of the 47th verse of the 1st chapter, e. g., ssakuThasamamAga mArita tAratulyam / divaguNamapi sutAla mardita bhAnudugdhaiH // atasitilavipakaka vAsarANyeva paca / sa bhavati zatavedhI tAstAne bhujage // 1. 47 // Indravajra Chanda : Indravaja chanda has been used by him in the composition of the 49th verse as noted below. mAkSikanAgarasagaMdhaka ca manaHzilamizritahiMgulUkamU / . etAni paMcAzapuTairvimaya nAge mRte tArazatAMzavedhaH // 1, 49 // . For Personal & Private Use Only

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Upagati Chanda : * The fourteenth verse of the first pariccheda of the 14th chapter is composed in Upagati chanda. khetvarasaMzA guTikA patati mukhe kSiptamAtreNa / / devAsurasiddhagaNaiH pUjyatamo bhavati cendrAyaH // 14. 24 // Drutavilamavita Chanda : This chanda has been used in the composition of the 61st verse of the second Pariccheda of the 14th chapter as noted here. namadanugrahadattanijecchayA / prakathita kRpayA agadabayA // gurupara parAyAbhigata bhavet / kanakapara pauruSavat paramakSayam // 14. 2. 62 // Sragdhara Chanda : Lastly Jinadatta Sari, the author of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra has adopted a Sragdhara chanda in the composition of the 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 66th, and 67th, verses of the second Pariccheda of the fourteenth chapter, e. g. dhyAyan ho kAramAdau palabhitamupasagRhya zuddha rasendram / nityaM tanmASamAtra navanava. yavaneSTArasarbhAvayitvA / / sUkSmeNa svarNa pitroNa saha palamitenaiva samadarya khalve // zuddha siddha tadetannirupamaguTikAkArataH kalpayettat // 14. 2. 62 // Style of writing and method of exposition. The style of a work is the voice of words uttered by its author, producting an effect on the feelings of the readers by its action working upon their conscious minds. It may be both personal and impersonal. . The style of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra used by its author, Jinadatta Suri in presentation of its contents and in dealing with its subjectmatter is mainly of two characters, viz., poetry and prose, with some variations. It begins with th: metre of poetry in composing its verses in the first chapter and ends with the metre in the composition of the last chapter (14th chapter). But all the intermediate chapters originate with prose containing alchemical thoughts and practices. The first chapter consists of sixty one verses in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsa and Old Gujarati, while the fourteenth chapter comprises eighty three verses in Sanskrit only, For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXXIII It is the classical Sanskrit exhibiting its rich style in both the first and fourteenth chapters. The second chapter is a Sanskrit commentary on a few verses of the first chapter, having hidden (secret) meaning of alchemical thoughts and practices. The third to the thirteenth chapters of the Suvarna-Raupya -Siddhi-Sastra have been written in Gujarati by prose-order to convey the alchemical thoughts and ideas through the language of the people among whom the author moved. So the style of this part is the style of the people's dialect which distingushes itself from that of the Sanskrit, Prakrit and Apabhramga literature. Here the purpose of the author was to teach alchemy to the people in a natural style but not in an artifical one of the Sanskrit Prakrit, and Apabhramsa and Old Gujarati verses. When the style of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra is judged with an objective approach, it is found that it has served its purpose in full by embodying the teachings on alchemy in both the classical and spoken language. It contains some literary flourishes in the form of verses faithfully transmitted from generation to generation and in the manner of expression of the author in prose to convey the alchemical thoughts and ideas to the people. This method of explaining the alchemical concepts and medical theories and occultism made them easily comprehensible and intelligible to the general mass. . Jinadatta Suri moved among all classes of people of the society, so he took care to make his alchemical teachings understandable to them by drawing on the familiar method of exposition occurring in their life. The author has made a study of alchemical truth with the purpose of attaining resultant truth with devotion on the basis of his scheme. He searched out something and got a line of meaning in the things of alchemy and medicine and occultism as satisfying his inquisitive mind. Here the style of expression is scientific. So the voice of words spoken by him is impersonally logical with a stress laid on the facts of science. For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXXIV 6. Estimate of the literary and aesthetic aspects of the Suvarna-Raupya Siddhi-Sastra. Literature is to be judged by its value to humanity. Its value is determined by the principles to what extent does it contribute to the progress of mankind by enabling him to live with more happiness, more intensity, more profoundness, more wisdom and more freedom in the mundane world. Next comes up the question of technique used in the work for proper criticism which distinguishes its subject - matter, guiding one to a finer appreciation of writing and making him realize more clearly and completely what the author has meant there. Literature carries the message of knowledge and cultural heritage of a people of a country from the distant past up to the present and preserves the treasure of different branches of learning of today for the future generations through the successive stages of the social evolution. It vitalizes and revitalizes the individual, social national and international life, shapes and reshapes, adjusts and readjusts, transforms and retransfoms the human society to a considerable extent by conveying the message of its knowledge and truth. From this angle of vision on the literature the Suvarn2-Raupya-siddhi - Sastra testifies sufficiently to the linguistic and literary development of its age and ('to ) its value to mankind by conveying the alchemical knowledge to some extent. It deals with Maharasas (superior minerals), Uparasas (inferior minerals) Sadharanarasas ( common minerals ), Ratnas ( gems ) and Lohas ( metals ) with their chemical processes, apparatus ( Yantras ), various chemical processes, processes of making gold and silver for. removing poverty, medical recipes for curing diseases and elixir vitae and lastly, occultism for acquiring supernatural power to achieve one's objective. Besides these literary contributions, the SRSS. throws light upon the various acaryas of alchemical thought and their systems particularly of Nagarjuna, Padalipta Suri, Carpata, Natha, Gandu, Shekham Ali, etc., geography (e. g. location of some hills in a western India ) within its purview. In regard to the language, metre and style, as previously discussed, they represent an age different from the present, in which the Jaina alchemy teachers used to impart alchemical teachings to their followers in particular to make them intelligible in both poetic and prosaic spoken languages. The total effect of the texture and spirit of the language of the Suvarna-Raupyae Siddhi-Sastra, enriched with some literary flourishes, explaining the alchemical thoughts and ideas inspires one to dive deep into its subject - matters with more energy and effort to collect the hidden treasure of alchemical For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXXV knowledge preserved in it. It is remarkable to observe how the richness of its vocabularies in the first and fourteen chapters in particular, produces an equal effect on the minds of its readers, by truly expressing, explaining and interpreting all aspects of its varied contents it has touched upon without faltering, slowness and haziness by presenting a clear and concise conception about them. As redards the technique of the style the SRSS. originates with poetry embodying the alchemical thoughts and ideas, and practices of various alchemists and conveys them through different poetic languages composed with different metres and also through the language of the people ( 3rd-13 chapters) in their natural Style in prose, for here the puspose was to teach alchemy to the people. In the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, the author has used three styles, viz. descriptive, explanatory and emotive in the presentation of its varied alchemical contents and explaining its subject-matters in clear, concise and explicit manner, of course, sometimes in.code letters. The literary value of the SRSS. lies in the fact that its rich language expresses clearly by its proper terminologies the alchemical thoughts and ideas of its creative genius, dealing with various aspects of alchemy. 7. The Contents of the Suvarna-Raupya Siddhi-Sastra, viewed as a part of Indian alchmical literature and as a part of recorded knowledge. A close comparative Study of Indian alchemical litetature of the tantric period ( 700 A. D. to circa 1300 A.D.) and the Suvarna-Raupya-SiddhiSastra ( VS. 1210 ) reveals that "Indian alchemy very largely derived its colour, flavour and in fact, its nourishment from the Tantric cult" 1 The contents of the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra can be viewed as part of Indian alchemical literature, as the progress of chemistry in both can be traced to medicine and a belief in the artifical gold - making or silver-making transmutation of the base metals into gold, as well as to the search, after the vital elixir of life of the philosopher's stone. So the contents of the SRSS. is a part of recorded knowledge. 1. History of Chemistry. In Ancient and Medieval India, Dr, P. C. Ray, p. 113, For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXXY Medicine and alchemy as found in the Indian literature on alchemy of the Tantric period had their origin and growth with a higher end in view, as necessary aids and helping agents to spiritual pursuit. Like the Tantras the SRSS. deals with medicinal preparations consisting of mercury, etc. calculated to make the body undecaying and immortal for achieving emancipation from all miseries. The word 'rasa' has been used in this work and other Tantric works on alchemy to mean mercury. They came to the repositories of many chemical informations and alchemical recipes. The name of Nagarjuna as stated in the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra and other Indian alchemical works stands pre-eminent among the Indian alchemists like Carpata, Natha, Gunnu and others. This legendary figure - Nagarjuna appears in the Hindu, Bauddha and Jaina alchemical works as a great alchemist. But there is much controversy about the age of Nagarjuna. On judging from the internal evidences derived from the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra itself, it can be concluded that this is a typical production of the Jaina author, Jinadatta Suri, representing the Tantric period of intellectual ativity and must have been composed later than the time of Nagarjuna, the author of Rasaratnakara (8th cen. A.D.). There is found mention of recipos for a number of mercurial preparations, as well as descriptions of processes and apparatus. Like Rasarnava a Brahmanical Tantric work of the 12th Century A.D. the SRSS. throws a flood of light on the chemical knowledge of the Indians in those days. There are evidences that it has been compiled from pre-existing alchemical works, for instance, it has not hesitated to borrow from the works of Nagarjuna, Carpata, Natha, Gundu, Sekham Ali and others. The Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra deals largely with mercury and mercurial preparations, the virtues of which have been prominently extolled in Rasarnava and other Tantras. Mercury can improve not only the quality of metals (i. e., it can convert the base metals into gold) but can make the body undecaying and imperishable (amar Kaya kare). The merit of the Jaina alchemical work SRSS. is that it is the inspirer of several Jaina alchemical works of the following period, the latrochemical period, notably Nagarjuni yogamalartti of Rasaratnasamuccay of Manikyadeva Suri, Yogaratnakara copai of Nayanasekhara, Nagarjunividya, Vaidyaka Samgraha of Harsakirti, Paradavadhi; Vaidyaka Samgraha of Mahimaranga Ganin and others. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama adhyAyaH zrI gautamAya namaH / atha saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMzabhASayA svarNarUpyasiddhayo likhyate gadyapadyabaMghena / dhammo maMgalamukki(ki) ThaM, ahiMsA saMjamo tao / devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNI' / / 1 / / + dhyAnAjjineza bhavato bhavinaH kSaNena / dehaM vihAya paramAtmadazAM vrajanti // tIvrAnalAdupalabhAvamapAsya loke / cAmIkaratvamacirAdiva dhAtumedAH // 2 // saMpuNNa(nna)caMdavayaNo siMhAsaNasaMThi(ThI)o saparivAro / jhAyavvo jina do * kevalaNANujjalo dhavalo / / 3 / / be dhaulA be sAmalA, be rattuHpalavaNNa / bharagayavaNNA duNNi jiNa, solasa kaMcanavaNNa // 4 // sUo osahajuyala aggipamANaM do sraavaaii| Io dhAUvAo avare ADaMba(va)rA sesA // tava tuMviti-sahiyaM TIDUmUlena parigayaM kujA / dhami havai suvaNaM, . ta ta bhaNiyaM jiNidehi* // 6 // do rattA do pIyalA, cadA-varaNA cyAra / ravappari radho khIcar3I, celA (bhUkha na bhAra) // 7 // hATe phUlI bATe phUlI' / hATephUlI, te phiTakarI, 'vATe phUlI, te sIpauni / vAre mAsA tanakator3I rAMgame dIje [ ] carapaTa kare tamAsA // 8 // garur3a bhuyagama sa(sa)kari sUtA / devadAli rasi kharalahu pUtA // 'hAlara halara ma karIsa khetI / cosaThi' tole vedhe eka ratI // 9 // 1. zrI gaNezAya, ba / 2 x Dasavaikalika v. I 2. maMgaleti; ba / + * Kalyanamandirastotra V. 15 3. ptaM ptaM, a| Siddhasepa Divakara 4. gAthA 2-6, 'ba' pratameM nahI milatI hai / 5. pIyalA, ba / 6. mare, ba / 7. phU0 bAramAsA, ba / .. 8. khetI, a / khetI, ba / . cosaTTI, ba / ' For Personal & Private Use Only

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j Ara tAra sama kRtvA mRtavagaM niyojayet / eSA rAjavatI vidyA, pitrA' putra' na kathyate + // 10 // rasa nAgara khapara sama karI jAro / taraNi citraka de kara mAro // gaMDU' bole hove Ana / raje tAra huye dasa vAna ||11|| 1. pitA, a, ba / 2. gaMDa, ba / 3. vidyA, ba / 4. gAvi, ba / / 3 eka nAga dasa vaMgA khAi | darada kunaTi (TI) vaisA AI || jaiTha vaMgA nAge cAve / tasa dhari lakhamI maMgala gAve // 12 // sAjI bhAjI phiTakar3I, rasa dUNoM haratAla / tAMbe dIje jugatIsyU, kAhe kare dukAla // 13 // rasa gaMdhakaM tArakaM kunaTa kunaTI / imeM mardate mardate siddhi pragaTI" | koi dhAtavedhI [dhi], koi gAvavedhI ame carapaTA yogIyA dhUmravedhI // 14 // amInAgA UmInAgA, donoM kIrNe bhAga vibhAgA / 8 nIce sUvA (tA) Upari TaMkaNa, carapaTa kahe peharo kaMkaNa // 15 // sAlaM tApyaM kunaTa kunaTI, sUtakasyAdUrdhabhAgam / khalve kRtvA tridinamathita, kAca ( ka ) mAcIrasena // lohe bhAMDe praharatRtIya 10 pAcanIyaM ca lepyam / zrutvAtItaM bhavati kanakaM, sabalaM paMthakAnAm // 16 // hATavilAsaNi anu rata nAlI (rI) / duhu~ vicAle bhugama mAri / mAri bhugama bAdhile sUyA carapaTa bole kaMcana huyA ||17|| 11 vilAsaNi aNa vara nArI / una donoM meM pItara ThAri // usa pItara kI syAhI bheTe / dukhadAridraya 12 sava dUri haThe // 18 // 5. 5. dUNA, ba / 6. dUkAla, ba / 7. pragarTiM, ba / 8. ubhinAgA, a / 9. trihinamathitaM, ba / 10. praharatRtrayaM, bha, praharatRtIyaM, ba / 11. panthakAnAm, ba / 12. dukhadAridra, a / suvarNa raupyasiddhiza + Quoted from Paradasamihta ? P. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. nayA adhyAya eka bhAga vaMga doi bhAga pArA / e dUhu~ vicAle nAMga 2 sa'cArA // lAkhe lodre dhovo kAlI / nAtha bole etA sadA divAlI // 19 // gaMdhakena hataM zulvaM daradena samaM kuru / mAtuliMgarasamayaM nAgapatrANi lepayet / / tripuTairdhiyate nAgaM siMdUragaNasaMnnibhaM Sor3azAM[SAM]zaM vedhayecca tAramAyAti kAMcanam // 20-21 // bUDho bAMbhaNa jo pAvIje / vATI kuTI' bhUko kIje // kharanaramUtre bhAvana dIje / vaMga navaMgI pRthvi kIje // 22 // tAra trilocana-cUnar3I, bhAvo bhAnurasena / / e nAgArjuna kI cUnar3I, nahu phITe variseNa // 23 / / khaparA bhAro luNe / to rAja karo cihu khuNe' / / nAtha kahe manameM nAze ma kari) vicArA / dukha dAridraca[5] ka jAI sArA // 24 // aMtardU mavipAcitaM gaMdhakarAjarAjitaM zubham / bhavati hi sahasravedhI tAre tAne bhujaMge vA // 25 // kharamaTahAsamatulya vanIkSIreNa bhAvita bahuso / agnI-Upari' pakka, havaI koMdujjalaM' saccam // 26 // dui Ara dui tAra / dui10 sAjI dui TaMkaNa khAra / svetakAca upari tale dIje / mahiyali11 beThA19 rAja karIje // 27 // ghaNagaMThI aru bahuphalI, kUpatalAve vAsa / ekalar3I rasa bhelaveM, kari daridraha nAsa* // 28 // 1. kAlA, ba / 2. vedhayettAramAyAti, ba / 3. bUTo, ba / 4. kuTI, ba, kuTi, a| 5. nAre / 6. agnI , a| 7. uparI, aN| 8. havai, a| 9. koMdujhala, be| 10. duI, ba / 11. mahiyAla, a| 12. beTA, a| 13. bhupa, ba / / 14 - / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
suvarNaraupyasiddhazAsa uMdirikaNNi bahuphalI, dova(na) talAva tali hoi / pahIle puTe pAro bhare, duje kAMcana hoi // 29 // ke rasa rahe gaganake grAse / ke rasa rahe kAminI pAse // ke rasa rahe tArake grahe / ke rasa rahe guru ke kahe // 30 // vIsa gaMdhaka visahI pArA / 'dasa navasArarase idi vicArA // prahara tIsa kI hove Agi / rasasiMdUra vidhisaMyogi // 31 // nAgAyogI khappara pUreM, Upari bharaje gU(sU 1) A / gorA mAI bhAta parose, kacanakA ghara hUA // 32 // nAgiNiphaNiAmUla nAgiNitoyeNa gabbhanAgeNa / nAga hoi suvaNNa', dhammatthamaM tavAyeNa // 33 // asthimajhamalamArita(khi)va'ga', tAlakAbhraviSa sUtaTaMkaNam / bhAnuvanapayasAbhimardita, bho narendra ! kuru tAraparvatam // 34 // sAbU-sAjI-somalasAra / svetakAu avara haratAla // amarI dudhe karartI sokhIye / satara vANI(nI) (1)pU parakhIye // 35 // nAga mare rasapaMjara vedhe / vinu nAgahi rasa marata na dIse // nAgapAsile baMdhahu su( sU)A / carapaTa bole kaMcana huA // 36 // nAgAyogI kharpara pIve, kharpara pIve su(sU )A / kharpara kaTorI phUTana lAgI, dhari dhari AnaMda huA // 37 // nAhinAgalatikeMdu" vallabhA / droNapuSpi (pI) rasamarpitaH kramAt // saptadyAmRdupubhitApita(:) / pAradaH sapadi yAti bhasmatAm // 38 // sAjI siMghA phiTakar3i godaMtI haratAla / garur3a vihaMgama sama kari melA, eka ratIne ekahi tolA // 39 // 1. bahuphali, a, ba / 2. rasa, a| 3. deM, b| 4. kkhisUtaTaMkaNaM, a| 5. tAraparvatam , ba / 6. kaTArI, ba / 7. keMhuvallama, ba / 8. droNapuSpi, a / droNapuSphe, ba / 9. pitA 'ba' pratameM nahI milatI hai / tApitA a / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
prathama adhyAya saimaralUNa jaMbIrarasa, ane jar3Irasa pAu / pAke bhAMDe kalaMka kari, pher3i dAridraya ThAu // 40 // gaMdhaka gairikAyuktaM samabhAgena sUtakam / devadAli rasasaMyuktaM zulka(lva) bhavati kAMcanam // 41 // kimatra citra yadi rakta-gaMdhakam / palAsayaSTIvanakalkakalkitam // araNyajairutpalakai vipAcitam / karoti tAra tripuTena kAMcanam / / 42 / / duguNa hema caturguNa pArA / SaTaguNa gaMdhaka AmalasArA // te staMbhanA karuM huMsihArA / kaMcana huve lAghava udArA // 43 // khappara sUtA sama kari lIje / madhya kumAriko rasa dIje // guMjA pramANe sulave dIje / pIta sukhe kari ehu lIje // 44 // dasa rattA, dasa sa(ma)ttA, paMDuvaraNA cAri // . . khappara raMdhahu khIcar3o, celA bhukha na mAri / / 4 / / zukrazoNitapItAbhyAM bhAgavitrikapaMcakaH [kai / kAlikArahita zulvameSA [khA] vidyA narbudhaiH // 46 / / rasakuThasamabhAga' mAritaM tAratulya / dviguNamapi sutAlaM madita bhAnudugdhaiH // atasitilavipakka vAsarANyeva paMca / sa bhavati zatavedhI tArattAne bhujaMge // 47 // muNikusumarasabhAviyaM maNosilA cuNNadiNNapaDavAya / tivArehi* jAdU vaMga kalahAya-sAriccha // 48 // mAkSikanAga rasa-gaMdhakaM ca, manaHzi(si)lAmizritahiMgulUkam / etAni paMcAzapuTai vimadya, nAge mRte tArazatAMzavedhaH // 49 // nAiNarase rasiu sasisiMgai pAraaM hi mArei / tAra hoi suvaNaM, iya bhaNiya vIyarAyeNa // 50 // AdikakA atikakA / te madhye do akkharA // nAga mare rasa' sIkhAi / loka save bhAgI kari khAi // 51 // 1. delidAli, ba / 2. khaTaguNa, a| 3. mekhAvidyA, a| 4. tivArehe, ba / . 5. vIyagaehaNa, ba / 6. AdikAkA, ba / 7. dasa, ba / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
suvarNaraupyacinisAna sve(zve)takAcasama tAraM hemAMza za(sa)tayojitam / / rasarAja-sama vyApya mauktikaM devabhUSaNam // 52 // eka bhAga vaMga, doi bhAga pArA / rAjA TAM0 1, vaMga, 1 // nAga TAM0 1, lAkha te rAla, TAM0 2, lodra(Ta) TAM0 2 / gajapuTAgni 3, sve(zve)tanAga vA kalkam // 53 // SaTguNa vaMgA tIkhA sAra / celA kahI vArahi vAra / / lAkhA lodhrA hoi divAli / tAra na huA to dIje gAlI // 54 // odaMbarArkavaTadugdha pale pale ca / 'lAkSApalaM palacatuSTayacuvakena / saMzliSTamAnamatasIphalatailapakvaM / zrIpAradasya maraNe madanAkhyamudrA // 55 // pAtre yasyoddhRti jalamaye tailabiMdurna sarpet / hiMgurgadha visRjati nijAM tiktatAM niMbakalkaH // chatrAkAra bhavati payasaH naiti bhUmipradezam / kAMta lohaM tadidamucitaM lakSaNoktaM na cAnyat // 6 // nirjIva zuktijaM vaMgakAMte kSiptvA rasaM tataH // mAtA'gni taddho dadyAdru (rU,pya bhavati pAradaH // 57 // guptu s sam gA gogira dadara / UnadabhisarAjara kuna duI tista kImIyA // 58 // vIsa bhIlAbhu lAMgalI, anna karajaha tela / bebhaha Araha saMcI yA, lahiM suvaNNaha mUla / / 59 / / taurArasagaMdhaka, murarasapArA / dojana madhye nAga saMcArA // nAga viruA vedhile su(sU )A / carapaTa bole kaMcana huA / kAlA rAtA hariyA nAga / kRSNa tArake sapta vibhAga / * cokhA sonAsetI jor3A / nAgArjuna kahe dhaMdhA thor3A // 6 // pAro sAjI thohara turI, vihubhAge" hariyAla / trAMbU thAi pAMDaru, kAu kare dukAla // 61 / / 1. dekhabhUkhaNaM, a| 2. 'ekabhAgaM....kala kam' ba prata meM milatI nahIM / 3. uduMbarArka, ba / 4. Na lAkSA, ba / 5. tiktatA, ba / 6. sekhama AlI, ba / 7. vihabhAse, ba / Jain Education Intemational For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
dvitIya adhyAyaH svasti zrIpArzvamAnamya dyoturvAdamahodayAm / zrIsiddhAMtaziroratnaTIkAM kurve sapatyayAm' // 1 // tatra prathama-dhammo maMgaleti vyAkhyAH-dhammo kahetA pAradaH, vAla 4 (a) / tha (vA) 5. maMgalaM-hemaH, vAla-3. utkRSTa (ukkidaTha) nepAladezodUbhavaM tAmra, vAla 13, ahiMsA-katheri, saMjamo-rAto agathi u, tavo-kRSNakanakaH, devA vi-pIlI devadAlI, dharmaH dyUtUrakarasena nimrI]4te, maMgalaM saMyamena mri[sI]yate, utkRSTa ahiMsA. . rasena mri[mro]yate / trINyapi pItadeva hAlirasena ma dya] zulve (ve) tolakamite... guMjA [tA]mitaM dadet / pItasiddhi syAt / / atha dvitIyaM vyAkhyAnaM-dyammeti-pAradAdisaMjJA' pUrvoktava jJeyA / ahiMsA nAhIti 'kecidAcAryAH vadaMti' / sarvoSadhamAraNavidhiH // pAro TAM0 1 kRSNakanakarasena madyate, pItavAlikaM rattA agastapatrarasena, tAmrama)vAla 1 pItanAhirasena, trINi trayaH] vastUni 10[vastu] ekIkRtya pItadevadAlirasena madyate, dina catvAra pratipuTa 7 saptakaM pratyahaM dIyate / dharme kharalighi[ghIyate / 1 koSThaka -mRttikAyAH kulhir3IkA19 kriyate, guTikA madhye dhriyate / zuSke 13 sati mRNvastra1. svasati.....sapratyAyAm , ba / 'a' prata meM hI milatI / 2. dezodbhavaM, ba / 3. 12. ba / 4. zulvi, ba / 5. guMtAbhitaM, a| 6. dhameti, b| 7. pArapRdi, a| 8. kecidAcAryAH vadati, ba pratameM do vAra likhita hai / 9. trayaH, a, ba / 10. vastu, a, ba / 11. koSTakamRtikAyAH, ba / 12. kulhaDIkA, a| 13. zuke, ba / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #49
8 suvarNaraupyasidhizAstra saptakaM pradIyate / tataH pra(pa)mANA' caturasrA gartA kriyate / tanmadhye araNyachagaNAM bhRtvA tat kulhaDa madhye dhRtvA caturdikSuragniH prajvAlyate / svAMgazIte niSkAsyate / etAvatA phalaniSpattirjAtA, tAne tole vAla 2 // ___ dhyAnAditi' bhavau atra saMpradAyo, yathA jinaH- kRSNaH, IzaH-IzvaraH, tadbhavau haritAlapAradau, tayoriti; jineza bhavataH sArvatrikastas / tayoH dhyAnAnnizcalIkaraNAt tIvra' -hiMguviSabhedazca / / athAnalastasmAttat, saMyogA dhAtubhedAH-zuddhatAmraloha sIsakatvaM cAmIkaratva yAti / kiM kRtvA, bhavinaH-rasarAjasya kajjalikAM vihAya-dUrIkRtya, kena kSaNena-kRSNa- [dya]tUrakarasena paramiti-punararthe tena punaH kiM kRtvA, AtmadezAMtarAM vihAya-prApayitvA, punaH kiM kRtvA, upalabhAva pAtharInAmauSadhi-10 rasabhAvanA / tAmrazodhana gurvAmnAyAdjJeya / etadvyAkhyAnena kalyANama diramiti stotranAmasamarthita kalyANaM kanakaM hemamiti vizvaH 2 // . do ritteti-talIyo khAparI ANIne vegaNa ANI temAMhe copakhe ra0 cyAra 2, kuTakA dhAtIyeM / te vegaNa avyAvara jhoTar3I tehanA mUtrasu bhAvanA 7 cha valavatI te vegaNane devI // adhamaNa mUtrasuM 7 sapta bhAvanA dIje / pache khAparIyo bAhira kADhIyeM / vegaNa sAtevAre navIna 2 ANI[nIye / A vegaNa madhye khAparIyAnAkhaDa bhAje tima na kIje / akhaMDAni niSkAsyate / sapta bhAvanA anataraM khapa rerA cUrNa krikrIyate / iti kalkasiddhiH // tadanaMtara tAmra bhAga 2, rajata bhA0 2, dvAdaza suvarNabhAga 4 gAlyate / evaM sarva vAla, 8, gAlitAnatara13 vAla 8, te kalkaM14 mucyate / pItaM bhavati / nUnamanu(nU )bhUtaM 3 // 1 // 1. ppamANA, a| . 2. caturaso, ba / 3. araNyachUganA, ba / 4. bhRtya, ba / 5. tata, ba / 6. etAdetA, ba / 7. tivra, a| 8. hiMguvikhabhedazca, a| 9. kRSNadhaturakadasena, ba / 10. nAmauSadhA, ba / 11. rateti, ba / 12. kalkaH , ba / 13. 'gAlitAnataraM vAla 8, 'ba' prata meM nahIM milatI hai / 14. kalkaM, ba / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
prathama maNyAya punaH dvitIya vyAkhyAna : dvau mASau tiAne 2, to "mASako 'suvarNa 2, caturo *mASakAni rajatAni 4, khAparamASakAH 4 a. 8. ete sarve "piSayitvA jaMbUpatrANi navInAni raktAni, teSAM rasena madyate / tAMbUlena sarva piSayitvA jaMbUkapatrANyekIkRtya tadrasena kharalaM kriyate / vAsara 4, pakke mUSAyAM upari kSipyate / mUSA kAcamayI kriyate, te mayye auSadha vimucya tAMbUlaM mUSAyAM aMbUkRta kriyate / 1degkAcamUSakAcamUSa yA saha saMpuTa' dIyate / tAMbUlaM dhutkAreNa cIvaraM "AkRtya upari 15mUSAryA sthApyate / 1 tadupari mRnvana pradIyate / tataH sara 1 lihAlA madhye agnau tApayet / svAMgazIta 15gRhyate / 16pIta syAt // 2 // 1'atha kAcamUSAvidhiH prathama kAcacaDikAyAH 1 sUkSmacUrNa kriyate / prathama "guda" ArdIkriyate / tena saha kharalayitvA mUSA kriyate / kecidAcAryA evaM "vadeti-guda 1. tAne, a / 2. mAkhako, a| 3. suvarNaH ba 'vo' mASako mAsuvarNaH, 2. 'ba' prata meM punarAvRtti hai / 4. cature mAkhakAni, a| caturo mASakAH, ba / 5. khAparamAkhakAH, a| 6. pIkhayitvA, a / 7. jaMbUpatrANi, a / jaMbupatrANi, ba / 8. phiyAyitvA, va / 9. mUkhAyAM a| 10. kAcamUkhakAsUkhAyA, a | kAcamUSakAcamuSAka, ba / 11. tAbUlaM, v| 12. Ada, ba / 18. mUkhAyAM, a| 14. tadipuri, a| 15. svAgazIta, b| 16. pItaH, va / 17. kAcamUkhAvidhiH, a| 18. sUkSmacUrNaH, ba / 19. guda, a| 20. Adra', ba / / 21. mUkhA, a.| 22. vadati, ba / Jain Rucation International For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
suvarNa raupya siddhi kA sthAne na bhUpA niyo / meSajAni madhya mucyate / iti kAyamUSAvidhiH // 3 // sAlaM brApyamiti haritAla DhAMka // sovanamukhi Dha0 // , hiMgalo Tha0 // , manAka TAMka, pAro saM0 1, tAMko mAso 1 // rUpo mAso // 2 // , ekatra kari(A) gAlIyekavebhitra kIce / sakauca ke rasasau oSadha' marde, dina 3 / para sakeM auSadhace patra mAri car3hAke, lepa kare / sUkai 2 tataH pazcAdaM dhamUSA madhye gAlyate / pra0(hara) 1 ghmaave| pIlam // 4 // nAhIti-prathama nAhInA rasanA puTa 7 dii(je)| pache nAyaravelinA rasanA puTa 7 dI(je) / pakke poyaNinA rasanA puTa 7, etalA puTa deine, pache leDhAmAhe mehila pache sari kubArasa sana(ja). // . nA cUA dIje / pAro bhasma tathA 1degdazaguNA, UAll - nAgi(gI)ti-nAgiNi phaNinA 11auSadhi, tasya mUlaM, hastitItoyeNamUtreNa-siMdUreNa nAgaM-sIsakaM svarNa syAt / nAgaphaNinA pAnanA rasa kADhIye / siMdUri hAthinikA mUtra ekatra karI sIsI ne rAMga tapAvIne 1 auSadhinA rasamAhe DhAliye / pItam // 6 // ___'kha' iti khApariyo, 'ra' iti pAro-rasa, 'ma' iti maNazala, 'Teti' TaMkaNa, 'heti' haratAla / 1 eSA(SA) samAMzAnAM cUrNa kRtya 14vIkSIreya bhAvita / tAmra1. pISya, ba / 2. tina, ba / 3. mUkhA, a| 4. mekhajAni, a| 5. kAcamUkhAvidhiH, a / 6. sovanamUSi, ba / 7. tAtaH, ba / 8. pItaH, na / 9. daguNA, v| 10. okhadhi, / uSadhi, ba / 11, oSadhinA, ba a / 12. dati, b| 13. ekhA, a| 14. vajIkSIriNaM, ba / 15. tAmrapatre, v| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
pAya patreNa saha vArastaraNodare kSiptvA mUSAyAM tApayitvA dravIbhUta', mahigomaye uMDIta DhAlayet / tAra' bhavati // ___ asthimakSeti / prathama asthimakSa-viSTAye kaMga bhArII-te vaMga kuMthAli(lI)meM ghAloje, TAM0 2, vI(vi,ce, tAMbo TAM0 2, te upari rUpA TAM0 2, e vihunI maMThi pAhije / te upari ThIkar3I masakIne / te upari vali baMganI kar3I dIje saM0 2, saMpuTa bIr3Ine kApaDAmAdI hIje), sukAbIne gajapuTa (ne) 0 (ha) 1 atha0() 2 / agni zI(sI)bala thaye, lIje ke kalakatAMnI koLo bho 1 / pItam 8 // . . ... .... Ayartha : dasa ratevi- zu ddha vA sa0 10, khaparasatva , sonA TAM0 4, ekaThAM aMdhasUse gAliye / etale pIta joTaka // 6 // zukreti-tArA TAM0 2, zuddha tAmra-TAM0 2, khaparasaspa TA. 2, ekana kara sakI mUsI pA(gA)lIye / pache ugAdimUsI(si) gAliye / pI(pita 'joTaka // 10 // nAiNa raseNeti-nAyaNeha, pAle-Izvara, maMdhaka, kaNerI maNazila iratAka sasisomala / pAro TAM0 8, gaMdhaka TAM08, mazi(sola kaNeri Ta0 4, haratAla 2, somala TAM0 1, ekatra karI nAnImoTI nAgArjunInA rasa puTa 7 de(NA) / pache nAgaravailikA rasa pAnakA "puTa 7 deNA / kAthAcUnA pAli rasa kAdiye / 1degunmattakA 'patrakA puTa 7 / 11AjhIjhADAkI ki)puTa 7 / punaH medAsagI kA rasakA puTa 7, marahaThI puTa 7, hIravaNIrui puTa 7 / punaH AjIjADA puTa 7 deNA / 1. cAra, ba 2. kSeptA, ba / 3. tAra, v| 4. bhakSete, ba / 5. tAMbA, b| 6. AdiH , ba / 7. pi, va prata meM nahIM hai / 8. nAgalikA, a| 9. pAnakA, a| 10. unmatakA, a| 11. patrakA, a| .. 12. ajhIjhAr3A 13. deNI, ba / ' 14. jvolkaayNtre..| For Personal & Private Use Only

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suvarNa raupya siddhi zAla sIsI dhAtIne mudrA dIje / velukAyaMtre pra0 (hara) 12 ani diije| svAMgazItala karI utAriye / iti zrIsiddhAMtopadezavyAkhyAlezArthaH // 11 // vItarAgoktaM AratAreti-prathamaM vNgvidhi| TAM0 5 pAro, TAM0 5, haratAla, TAM0 3 TaMkaNa, vAru sodhyo maNazIla TAM0 3, 1eteSAM cUrNa atisUkSma 'eSAM auSadhAnAM caturbhAga vaMga', vaMgasya patrANi kriyate / vAradvaya trayaM zuSkakIkRtya pazcAt sarAjasaMpuTe, ekasyopari eko mucyate / mRnvakha 3 dIyate / pazcAt-gajapuTe prahara (2) jvAlanIyA / zItalaM yadA bhavati, niSkAsanIya / baMga mRto bhavati // tadanu rIrI vAla 8, sarva ekatra gAline vAla 12 nI puTikA baMdhayitvA mocayitvA pazcA(t ) telamadhye DhAlanIyaM / tadA bhavya' kiM pina dRzyate, tadA puna() DhAlanIya / zeSa gurugamyaM // 22 // maNikusumi-manAzi(si)lA sUkSmIkRtya raktAgastikapuSparasena khalve mardayet / evaM bhAvanA 21 deyA / cUrNa kRtvAdhodhaH, tatazca vaMga jaMbI(ra)rasena vAravitrica(cu)tuH saMzo(so)dhya pazcAt suvaMga gAlayitvA manaH zi(si)lAcUrNanenaiva prAtavAyo' deyaH vAranikaM / tRtIyavelAyAM telamadhye DhAlanIya / vaMgastabhaM // 12 // - mAleketi-tolA 5 nAga, to05 mAkSIka, to0 1, hIMgalo 1 tA0 1 haratAla, to0 1, gaMdhaka, tolo 1 maNazala, rasendragopIrasabhAvanA 28 dIje / su(sU) puTe 28 dIje / kharalIyeM pace(che)te cUrNa karI, paceiyaMtre ghAtI karI kapaDAmATI dIje / velukAyaMtre pra0 12 nI agni dIje / zI(sI)tala thAye lIje / rUpya tolo 22 dIje / pItam // 14 // rA0(jA) paM0 1, karakacanA rasamA vATe / jalaukA sahazo bhavati / pache eno rase sera 5 yI dIje, zvulva raMge, nizce / vallabhadAsa uktaM / eNe 1. etekhAM, a| 2. ekhAM, a| 3. urkhadyAnAM, a| 4. rakA, ba / 5. manaHsilI, ba / 6. cUrNeva, ba / 7. vAche., a| 8. sovati, ba / 1. raMgi, ba / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ma adhyAya 23 rase tera 1 pAyo hato / svakalpaM / nAgayukta kalahI, brahmada Dijalaparipara-e bemAM kaTha [] 2 sveta thAha / vaMga bhAga 1. rAjA bhA0 2, nAga bhA0 1, lAkha boraDInI bhA0 4, lodra bhA0 4, zyAhI miTeM / vaMga-pArAnI gAr3hI (ThI) 'khAMDasyu marde syAhI miTeM | pIcUDINe brahmamadaDimAM bujhAveM / sUraNa rasane chIkanI rasamAM bujhAve / amRtaveline govA du(dU)dhi, pAja pIpara ||25|| gAiju (jU ) aleNa jiNam : mohavivajjia - jiakasAya / yosAmi tisaMdhAraNaM taM nisaMga mahAvIraM // 1 // sukumAla, dhIra, soma, raktasi (ja) paMDurA sirinikeyA / sI aMkusa rAhabhIru, jalathalanahamaMDaNA tiNi // 2 // na cayaMti vIra lIla hAu je surahimattapaDipuNNA / paMkaya - gaiMda- caMdA, loaNacakammiamuhANa // 3 // eva vIrajiNido, accharagaNa saMghasaMdhuo bhayava / pAlittaya - mai (ya) - mahio, disau khayaM savvaduriyANaM ||4|| gA0-abhrakam // hA-hAritAlo / ju (jU ) aleNa 'tAramucyate / jina (ja) pAda, kathaMbhUtaM - mayamo (ha) vivajjia' 'jiAjaMga' ' malazikhiviSa, doSatrayava rjita', thosAmiti - staMbhayAbhi, kena kRtvA - trisaMghAtena - sitAbhrakaM - haritAlakaM tAraM trayANAM 11 yogena 12 balya 13 tathauSadhavidhisamava / yena jAraNa- svedana - 14 vidhi vidhAsyAmi / kathaMbhUtaH - form a T 1. nAyayukta, a' / 2. karaNa, a / 3. 41 yAhI, ba / 4. khAMDas, a / SAMDasyu, ba / 5. 1 yAhI, ba / 6. mucyati, ba / 7. jaANagaM, ba jiAgaMgaM, a / 8. farfer, a l 9. viSa, ba / 10. trisaghAtena, ba / 11. yoge, ba / 12. balya, ba / 13. tathaiauSadha, ba ||bidhi, nahIM milatI hai / 14. 'fafa' a 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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suvarNa raupya sidhi zala nilaMga-tIprasaMga-mRtasaptaguNa-gottIrNa (Na) / etAvat zveta(vidhi)darzitA // adhunA pItavidhimAha // mahAvIraM-ma0-hemamakSAka, hA-hATakaM, vI0-kRSNAbhraka, e0-rasamityarthaH / / zeSA auSadhayaH(dhyaH) samAnA // 1 // - sukU0-nAiNi, dhIra-nAi, 'somA-somavallI, trayaM / ratta-raktadugdhikA kasiNa-baha(hu)phalI-kAcaNikA, paDurI-devadAla, 'si'-zaMgaberaka, paMcaka(ri)-laghurigaNI, nikeyA-ketakI sIyA-5lAMgalikA,kusagaha-ahikhara-bIjANi, bhIru-saMkoiNilajjUla, jalamAMDikA-jala ca, 'tAdRzI nabhamaMDapikA, thala0-aMgavatI // 2 // idAnIM rocanakrAmaNA udghATanavidhimAha // paMkaya-gagaNa, gayaMda -mattanAga, caMda-tAraM hema' yA / tra(tri)yamapi rocanamityarthaH, tathA kAmaNaM, tarthodghATanamitArthaH / "yadukta :tArahi tAru, suvaNNassa / suvaNi(NNi)hi-sUyoreva nahu bajjui, anni kAMmaNu / vehugghAkhaNu nAI dabIkaraNu hoirasarAi // 3 // evaM kRtvA jiNido, accharagaNa iti-amlavargaH-gharagaNa iti kSAravargaH, guNa-saMgha iti-samudAyena ebhiH saMthuu (o)saMstu tya-staMbhitetyarthaH / bhagavAna seMdra - pUNyo bhaveti / karmakRd bhavati / / . pAlitaya mai(ya)-mahio-mahilaH parikarmitaH, dizatu, kSaya sarvaduritA. nAmityarthaH // - aNaseiontaralo na nimmalo hoi / saddaNA rahio sAaNa-rahio psreN|| kAmio nea kamai lohesu // 4 // 1. somA, 'ba' prata do bAra ullikhita hai / 2. rakta, b.| 3. lAgalikA, a| 4. tAdazI, b| 5. thala, ba / dha, a| 6. gagaNAM, ba / 7. heta, ba / 8. anne,b| 1. tAi, b| 10. stabhitetyartha, b| 11. mimmalo b| For Personal & Private Use Only

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athAtra svarNasiddhi prakAreNa vyAkhyAH tisRNAM auSadhInA raktadugdhikA-somavallI-bahuphalI(lA)nAM saMghAtena samavAyena thosAmiti, khedanamukhodghATanajAraNAdividhi vidhAsyAmi / tatra svedana -gomahiSyajAnarakharamutraiH kAMjikasahitairdolAyaMtreNa / jAraNa-biDaniSpAdanena / goraucanA, sphaTikI, naksAra, gaMdhaka, haritAla, sthada, saubhAgyarUpaauSadhakacUrNa samAMza ajApittake nikSipya mAsamekaM cullA upari dhArya / ___ ittha biDaM niSpAdya mukhamadhyAdyate / taccettha kRSNAbhramekapatra hatyA yabAranAlamadhye praharASTa nikSipyate / phogakaMdala duryAjAlairvA sahavatreNa gAlyate / tadravarUpa snAvivarjita / rasasya hi trayoM doSA malaM-zikhI-viSa! caiti / tato 'mayamoha vivajjiya" iti anena malaviSalakSaNadoSadvAyavarjita uktvA saMprati dahana doSanirAsArtha vizeSaNamAha // jiyakasAyati-jitaH svAtmani lInaH kRtaH, kaSAyatriphalAkhyo yena sa tathA ta / anenedaM ukta bhavati / yat triphalayA tasya zikhidoSAkhyo apanIta iti // tathA ca rasa graMthaH malazikhi-viSa naisArgikA nAmAno naisargikA strayo dossaa| gRhakanyA haratimalaM, triphalagni citrakastu viSa iti / / thosAbhi-staMbhayiSyAmi / kena kRtvA, trisaMghAtena-sitAbhraka, tAlaka, tAra', eteSAM trayANAM-saMghAtena yogenetyeke anye tu vyAcakSate / TugdhikAdInAM sva0 rasa, rasa madhye dadyAt / auSadhIzuSkatve tu tAsAM kvArtha kRtvA tadrasa nikSipet / atra ca raktadugdhikA-somavallI bahuphalInAM anyatamayApi kArya sidhyati / tathApi tisro grAhyA ityAmmAyaH / punaH kathaM jina'-pArada, tIrNasaMga'-mRtasaptaguNasaM(ka)gottIrNa, asya saMpradAyo gumabukhAt bhosamma etAvatA zvetanAliMdarzitA / adhunA pItavidhimAha / mahagira-'me iti-hemmaakssik| 'hA' iti hATakaM / 'vI' iti-kRSNAbhraka / 'ra' iti rasaH / taM stoSyAmi / zeSA auSadhayaH samAnA eva iti prathama gAthAghaH / sukumAla iti-nAiNi / dhIra-iti nAi / somA iti somapallI-trayaM, somA SA kucI, 'ratta' iti raktadugdhikA, kamiNa iti kRSNA bahuphalI-kAMcanikA / paMDarA iti-devadAlI / 'si' iti agikvaviSa / 'ri' iti laghuriganI 'rikeyA' iti ketakI / tamniryAsaH / 'sIyA' iti-lAMgalikA / kusagaha iti-ahikharIbIjAti, apAmArgabIjAni vA / 'bhIru' iti-lajjAlUkA 'jalamaMDanikA'-maMDukabAdhI, 'sthala maMDanikA-aMbAvanI-abavaMgerI / 'nabho maMDanikA-sunAlI AkAzavallI vetyeke / / etAstisra auSadhayaH / oSadhInAM bahutvepi tinniti-abhidhAna maMDanazabdayojanAsAmyAt iti dvitIyagAthArthaH // For Personal & Private Use Only

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suvarNa raupya siddhi zAla 9 idAnIM rocana - kAmaNodghATanavidhimAha || 'na cayaMti' vIro'gnistasya lIlAM agnirUpatAM hAtu - tyaktuM na zaknuvaMti bhAsvarakArttasvarUpatvAt / ke te 'paMkaya gada caMdA' - paMkaya iti gagana abhrakaM ityarthaH / gaIda iti - mRtanAga, caMda iti hema, tritayamapi vA / ete ca paMkajAdayaH kIdRzAH saMto vIralIlAM na tyajaMti ityAha / 'surahimata paDipunnA' (surabhimAtrA pratipUrNAH) samagrA yathokamA trollaMghane hi na siddhiraste surabhimAtrApratipUrNA iti / keSAM kAryANAM saMpAdayitrI yA 'mattA' (mAtrA) ata Aha, 'loyaNa cakammiya muhANaMti' 'loyaNa' iti ralayorekyAt 'rocana' - vedha ityarthaH / cakammiya iti krAmaNa / 16. cuccuMdhari savvaMga mahilAmayaTaMkaNeNa kayaleva savvaTTha desu kamaNaM nidiTTha vIrAgeNa ||1|| 'muha' iti udghATana, zvete nAgottAraNa, pIte dAna yathokta' sUtasaMhitAyAm / udghATanenapuTAnnAnyaH krameNa kAMtamicchati / na zulvAdrajakaH kazcinna makSikAt prakAzakaH // anyatrApi ukta' - tArihiM tAru suvaNNu - suviNNai / sure nahu bajajhes annidaM kAmaNaM vehuughAdvana nAI // -vIkaraNu hoi rasarAI // iti tRtIyAgAthArthaH ||3|| ( 9251 ) (4) atha nigamayannAha evaM pUrvoktaprakAreNa vI0 raseMdra rasajJaH / acha a::- amlavargaH, chaH 30kSAravargo mUtralavaNAdiH, raH - rasavargaH / eSAM trayarUpo gaNastasya saMghaH samavAyastena saM. paricitaH saMstutya staMmitaH // bhagavAn aizvaryAtapUjyaH, pAlittaya- pAdalipto rasavidhAsiddhaH sUriH, tasya tenAbhiprAyeNa 'mathitaH aNaseio na taralo na nimmalo hoi maddaNA - rahio' / sAraNa - rahi pasares kAmio neya kamai lohesu // ityAdi yuktyA parikarmito dizatu 'kSaya', sarve0 - dAkhirogajarAdinAM / pAThAM (tare) - pAdaliptasya matyA mathitaH / caturthagAthArthaH / itthaM - stavarUpatayA, bhavataH sitapItasiddhirUpatayA zrI pAdaliptaracitA vIrastavamayAvRttiH iti - jinaprabhasUribhiH / saMvata 1380 varSe kRtAya zrIvIrastavavRtteH saMkSipyAvacUriH upAdhyAya zrI udayadharmagaNibhirlikhitA (thAH) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. 3. SUVARNA 4. - RAUPYA - Salutation to Sri Gautama The treatises on the accomplishment of the process of metallurgy of gold, silver, etc. are written in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Apabhramsa by prose and poetic (versical) order. 1. SIDDHI SASTRA TRANSLATION OF THE TEXT FIRST CHAPTER Dharma (religion or virtue) (based on) non-violence, self-control and austerity is best bliss or auspicious. Gods even salute him whose mind is always absorbed in virtue. 2 Oh Jinesa! the Bhavinas 3 (who are capable to attain liberation) attain instantly the state of the supreme soul by giving up the body by meditation upon you just as some kinds of metal attain brightness (or goldness) soon by throwing away the state of stone due to the intense fire in the world. The Jina who is like the full-moon faced, seated on the throne with his family (of Samgha), bright and white with (the ray of) omniscience should be meditated upon. Two are white (mercury), two are black 5 (mineral calamine), two are red lotus - coloured 6 (realgar and sulphur). Two are emarald - coloured 7 (orpiment) and sixteen are of golden colour. 8 1. Dhamma means mercury; it is a code word. 2. The whole verse is quoted from Dasavaikalika Sutra V. 1. It is a secret formula for mercury, gold etc. with their chemical processes for gold making. 3. Bhavinas means technically mercury. It is also a code word. The whole verse is taken from Kalyanamandira stotra, V. 1. Siddasena Divakara. 4. Twenty four Tirthankaras symbolically represent different minerals and metals. Two are white, representing mercury. 5. Two are black representing mineral calamine. 6. Two are red lotus - coloured, representing realgar and sulpur. 7. Two are emarald - coloured representing orpiment, 3. The remaining sixteen are of golden colour, For Personal & Private Use Only

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5. Mercury, two medicines, quantum of fire and lids (pots) are (necessary). Now (I shall speak of) chemistry and metallurgy (dhaovao), covering (or leaving) the remaining show or demonstration (adambada). 6. Copper together with long gourd (Tumba gourd) is to be mixed with the root of Tidu (Tindora) (Cocceinia Indica). When the mixture is heated, (it) becomes gold. That - that is said by Jinendra 7. Two are red, 1 two (are) yellow, four (are) moon - coloured. Cook them together in a vessel. Pupil ! (do not die of starvation). Hatephuli, Vatephuli, Hatephuli is alum, Vatephuli is sipani (a kind of sea - shell or oyster - shell.) (Take them), give 12 (parts of) tanaktodi (tejan tooi mati) in rang (a kind of tin). Carapata makes a magic - performance. 9. Taking emarald (or gold) and lead (of equal proportion) and mercury having equal quantity of them, grind (them) with butt (puta) in the juice of Andropogon serratus (devadali). Do not do carry on) cultivation (agriculture) laboriously. One rati of the essence (Kalka) pierces 64 tolas of any metal (to make gold ?) 10. Apply killed tin by taking (or making) equal portion of mercury, and orpiment. This is Rajvati vidya (art) which is not to told by the son. 11. Taking equal portion (of each of) mercury, cyperus pertenulis (nagara) and mineral calamine, make them calcinated (bhasma = Jaro) and kill them by giving Aloe perfoliata and plumbago rosia. Gandu says, (that) it will be ana, silver will be of 10 carats (vanis). 12. One (part of) lead eats up (assimilates) ten parts of tin. Cinnabar and realgar have in this way. Old tin wants (absorbs) lead. The god of wealth will sing in his house. 13. Give (mix) (one part of) carbonate of soda, (one part of) rice gruel (bhaji), (one part of) alum, (one part of) mercury, two parts (double) of orpiment (sulphide of arsenic) into copper with reason. What does the famine do ?. 14. The success (or accomplishment) becomes manifest in rubbing and rubbing mercury, sulphur, gold, sulphide of mercury, realgar (manasila Kunata and Kunati). Some are Dhatuvedhi (piercer of metal), some are Gavavedhi (piercer of gava). We, the Carapata yogin, are Dhumravedhis (alchemists of Dhumra = smoke). 1. The meaning of the verse is explained in the 2nd chapter P. 199 Do ratteti means borax and calamine, For Personal & Private Use Only

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15. Making pieces of both ubhinaga (a kind of lead ?) and ubhinaga (a kind of lead), give mercury below (them) and borax above (them). Caripata says, put on (golden) bangles. 16. (Take) orpiment, golden pyrites, sulphide of mercury, and realgar - all equal to the quantity of half part of mercury. Grinding (them) in a stone vessel or mortar (Khala), the whole thing is to be mixed up with the juice of Kakamaci (Solanum nigrum). (The whole thing) is to be cooked in an iron vessel for 3 praharas and smeared (on the metal leaf). Heard in the past, (it) becomes gold, the support of the travellers. 17. Killing lead in Hatavilasanini (a kind of vanaspati) and Anurata Nali (r) (a kind of Vanaspati Gandha Bhadali) which is a medicine for dysentery), bind (fix) mercury by killing lead. Carpata says: (it) becomes gold. 18. Keep brass cooked in these two - Hatavilasanini (a kind of Vanaspati) and varanari (a kind of Vanaspati). Blackness of that brass is removed. Misery and poverty - all go away. 19. (Take) one part of tin, two parts of mercury. Blackness of these two is washed away in the juice of Symplocos, racemosa. Natha says (that) there is always Divali (light of victory or success and hapiness). 20. Copper is to be killed with sulphur. Make it equal with or to cinnabar. The plates (leaves) of lead are to be smeared by rubbing them with the juice of citrus medica. 21. Lead is killed with three putas (roastings), like Vermilion (Sinduraganasannibham). One sixteenth part of it pierces into silver (and) silver gets converted into gold.. 22. (An) old pinal (wood) which one gets hold of. Make powder (of it) by cutting (it into pieces) and crushing it, and then infuse or saturate the powder with the urine of a male ass. (Next) mix tin (with) Pistetia Itegirinia (Navangi = Kakada-singi) (and) spreading Hogbid (Satodi Vanaspati). 23. Infuse silver - Trilocanacunadi with the juice of Calotropis gigantea. This is the cunadi (golden colour) of Nagarjuna, it does not get destroyed by a year. 24. Kill mineral calamine in salt, (then) rule over the four corners (of the world). Natha says "do not think (doubt) in mind. Misery of poverty will completely go away." 25. Befitting (Worthy) best (red) sulphur well- cooked in internal smoke becomes well-piercing thousand times into silver, copper or lead. For Personal & Private Use Only

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26. (It) is to be saturated equally with the milk (sap) of Euphorbia Tragonia (Vajri), calamine (Kha), mercury (ra.), realgar (ma.), borax (ta) and orpiment (ha.). (It is to be) cooked on fire many times, (it) becomes bright like Kondula (Mograpuspa), (it is) true. 27. (Take) two parts of brass (ara), two parts of silver (tara), two parts of carbonate of soda (natron) (saji), two parts of borax, give svetakaca (white glass) above and below. Rule over the earth, sitting on it. 28. Many knotted Ayapomia Reniformis and bahuphali-C. antichorus whose living (residence) is in the well and pond (or at the bottom of the well). If only mercury is mixed with them, poverty will be destroyed (removed). 29. Ayapomia Reniformis and C. antichorus-both of them grow at the bottom of pond. Mercury is killed by the first puta (roasting) with (their juice), there becomes gold by the second puta. 30. Some rasa (mercury) exists in the grasa (womb) of sky (gagana = mica). Some rasa (mercury) exists in the possession of Kamini (murraya exotica), some rasa (mercury) exists in star and planets, some rasa exists in the words of the guru. 31. Give 20 parts of Sulphur and 20 parts of mercury into 10 parts of Sal-amomonica rasa (mineral) with (by) consideration. There should be fire for thirty praharas. (i. e. the whole thing is to be put on fire). Then there takes place the process of Rasasindura Samyoga, (combination.) 32. Nagayogi = Lead fills up (assimilates) calamine (Zinc carbonate), put mercury (Suya or gaya) above, Goramai, (Gora =yellow mother) serves rice, there becomes a house of gold. 33. Mix the juice of the root of the plant of Serpentina with the urine of Sundari elephant, lead becomes gold by garbhanaga (when put into the womb of essence of the medicine) after heating it. 34. First kill tin (vanga) with the stool of a dog, (put that into a plate) and (rub) orpiment, mica, poison, mercury, and borax with the milk of Calotropis gigantea and Euphorbia antiquorium (Bhanuvajja). O king! make the hill of silver.' 35. (Take) Savu - khara (a kind of Carbonate of soda), Carbonate of soda (natron), oxide of arsenic white glass (svetakaca) and orpiment, get them dried up in the milk of Amarbel (Cuscuta reflexa = alokalata), Testify 17 carat silver. For Personal & Private Use Only

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36. Lead gets killed, pierces into) the body of mercury. Mercury is not found killed without lead. Fix (bind) mercury with the ropes of lead. Carpata says : it becomes gold. 37. Lead drinks (assimilates) calamine (zine carbonate), Zinc carbonate drinks (assimilales) mercury. When the vessels of zinc carbonate begin to break up, there is joy in every house (because of making gold ?) 38. Mercury rubbed with the juice of musket (moschus = nahi), piper beetle (Nagalatika.), water lily (Induvallabha) (Soymida febrifuga) and Dronapuspt = Kuba (lotus), (heated) roasted gently in succession (one by one) seven times, quickly attains the state of ash, i. e., (gets killed). 39. Mix carbonate of soda, chloride of Sodium, alum, Godanti orpiment and emarald (garuda) - vihamgama by taking them in equal proporation. If one rati (of this essence) is mixed with one tola (of copper) (these become gold). 40. Drench Sambhara lona (Salt of sambara lake) in the juice of citrus lemon and the juice of its jadi (roots), make the essence in a burnt (cooked) earthen pot and destroy the residence of poverty again. 41. Copper combined with sulphur red ochre, mixed with equal portion of mercury and combined with Andropogon serratus (devadali) becomes gold. What is the wonder here, if red sulphur mixed with the essence of Butea frondosa (palasa), Liccaris (Tethivana) and cooked (fermented) with wild lotus (utpala) converts silver into gold with Triputas (3 roastings ?)... 43. Take 2 parts of gold, four parts of mercury, six parts of amalsar sulphur, fix them carefully, (there will be) gold - much quickly. 44. Take equal parts of mineral calamine and mercury, give the juice of Aloe vera (Barbados Aloes) into them. Then give (add) one gunj of copper. Take gold by making it with happiness. 45. Combine pure copper ta. 10 and mineral calamine ta-10, gold ta 4 and melt them together in a covered crucible, there will be gold), O Pupil ! do not die of starvation. 46. Take silver ta 2, pure copper ta 3 and mineral calamine ta 5, put them in a covered (closed) crucible and melt them with copper without blackness. It becomes gold. This is the art of the intelligent men. 47. Equal parts of mercury and Saussurea lappa ? (Kutha = Kustha ?) are to be killed like silver and take double (the quantity of) good (pure) For Personal & Private Use Only

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orpiment (mixed) with the milk of Calotropis gigantea (arka), (they) are to be cooked with linseed oil for five days. That oil becomes Satavadhi (piercing hundred per cent) into silver, copper and lead to convert them into gold.). 48. By making realgar fine, it is to be rubbed in a Khala (mortar) with the juice of Sesbania glandiflora (Agastyapuspa), and give putas to tin infused with the juice of citrus medica with the powder of puri fied realgar three times. It becomes gold-like (Kaladhauti) 49. Pyrites, lead, mercury and sulphur and cinnabar mixed with realgar are to be rubbed together and to be roasted by 50 putas (roastings) in fire. In the act of killing of lead, there comes out silver with 100% piercing. 50. Kill mercury, sulphur, Kaneri realgar, orpiment, oxide of arsenic (sasisomala) with the juice of Aristolochia bracteata; apply the essence to silver, it becomes gold. It is said by Vitaraga (the Dispassionate). 51 The first letter is ka, the last letter is ka. Between them there lie two letters, i. e. Kuravaka (Berleria cristata). Lead is killed with it, mercury is dried up. The people eat (enjoy) (it) by dividing (it), 52. (Take) silver with equal portion of svetakaca (with glass ?) and 100th part of gold. There becomes pearl, the ornament of the gods, by their combination with mercury. 53. (Combine) one part of tin, 2 parts of mercury. Mercury ta 1, tin ta 1 (?), lead ta 1, lac ta 2 (rala - yellow resin) and symplocos racemosa ta 2, and give (them) 3 gajaputagnis, (3) fire roastings (in a pit measu ring cubic yard). There becomes white lead or essence. 54. (Take ) six times of tin - pure and best, o pupil ! (I) say again and again, (mix it up with ) lac and resin. (As a result ) there becomes (takes place) happiness ( divali). If the essence does not become silver, abuse me. 55. (Take ) one pala of milk of Ficus glomerata (Odumbara ), Calotropis gigantea, Ficus Bengalensis (vata ), lac - pala 1, magnetic iron - palas 4. When (they are ) mixed together and cooked with the oil of linseed, their essence (is helpful) in killing mercury. It is called Madanamudra. 56. If the drop of oil does not spread out in the water of a vessel of Kanta iron, the smell of Ferula asafotida is generated in its water, the juice of Neem (nimba) generates bitterness in itself, if put in that vessel. (If) milk is boiled in it, it becomes high like the shape of an umbrella, it does not go down (fall) to the ground. Kanta iron is that which possesses this aforesaid characteristic (marks), not any other (things ). For Personal & Private Use Only

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57. Cast pearl born of Oyster shell and tin into (the pan of) Kanta iron, then mercury, (into it). Then Bhatagni is to be given below it (to give heat to the mixture). (As a result) mercury becomes silver. 58. guptu sU sUsU gakha gogira dadara / UnadamisarAjara kuna dai tistakIbhIyA // 59. Take poison, Anacardium (Semecarpus anacardium ), aquatic pipala and other thing. Oil of pongamia glabra, Vebhaha, (not identified), brass together (samciya) are the roots of gold (preparation). 60. Lead moves in between Taurarasa - Sulphur (and) murarasa mercury. Lead becomes modified, pierceing mercury. Carpata says it becomes gold. If black, red, yellow lead is (put) into black silver - 7 divisions, (is) combined with pure gold, Nagarjuna says; occupation is little necessary. 61. (If) Mercury, carbonate of soda, milk's hedge, alum, 2 parts of orpiment (are mixed with copper ), the essence becomes yellow. What harm the famine can do ? 1. It is difficult to translate correctly this verse in the absence of its Commentary, as it is written in a code form. For Personal & Private Use Only

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SECOND CHAPTER On saluting the auspicious sri Parsvanatha I am writing the commentary on the great science and technology - Chemistry and Metallurgy - Sri Siddhantagiroratnatika, with certainty based on evidence. (1) There first is the explanation : With reference to 1st gatha of 1st chapter : Dhammo mamgaleti': Dhammo is called mercury-vala 4 (or) 5, mamgala =gold, vala 3, ukkittham (utksstam)=Nepalese copper, vala, 13, ahimsa = Kamtheri (capparis sepiaria), a kind of thorny plant, Samjamo = rakta. agastya (red flowered agasta, sesbania glandiflora), tavo = black thorny apple or datura (Krsnakanaka), deva vi =yellow Andropogon serratus (Pili devadali) (Bandali = breastly lynpha). Mercury is killed (calcinated) with the juice of thorny apple, gold is killed with the juice of red sesbania glandiflora, the Nepalese copper is killed with the juice of capparia sepiaria. Having rubbed three (mercury. gold and copper) with the juice of yellow Andropogon serratus, the essence of these measuring (weighing) one gunj should be given into copper measuring (weighing) one 1 tola. There will be the accomplishment of gold Now the second explanation : Dhammeti should be known as mercury, etc. as said before. Ahimsa is Nahi (Rasna = Vanda roxburghii !), say some Acaryas. The process of Killing all medicines. Mercury ta I is to be rubbed with the juice of black thorny apple, grains of gold are rubbed with the juice of red sesbania glandiflora. copper-vala I is rubbed with the juice of yellow Vanda roxburghii. Having mixed these three things together, they) are to be rubbed with the juice of yellow Andropogon serratus (breasty lynpha) for four days. Seven pratiputas (roastings) are to be given to the essence every day. It is to be put into mercury in a mortar (kharala). A Kulhili (pot) of Kosthaka earth is to be made, then gutika (tablet) of that is to be held (placed) in the Kulhaai. On its getting dried up, seven layers of clay and cloth are For Personal & Private Use Only

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to be put (given) over it (kulhadi.) Then square pit is to be dug. On filling (putting) dry pieces of wild cowdung into it and holding that earthen pot (Kulhadam) in it. Litfire (to the cowdung) on all sides. When all things get cooled down, take out th> earthen pot (Kulhadi). By this process there takes place. the end of the fruit Kalka (essence), vala 1 should be put into 1 tola of copper. With the reference to the 2nd gatha of the 1st chapter : Dhyanaditi means here sampradaya (Sect), as for example, Jinah-Krsna, isa-isvara, i. e. haritala paradau (orpiment-mercury) born (generated from) of them. (Krsna = Hari = haritala=orpiment; isa = Isvara = parada (mercury). Of them thus 0 Jinesa ! bhavinah (mercury), everywhere 'tas' pratyaya is applicable; 'tayordhyanat' means niscalikara nat = by fixation of them (orpiment and mercury); tivram means Cinnabar and a class of poison. Now, anala means fire, by the contact of which the classes of metal, pure copper, iron and lead get converted into gold (or goldness)-by doing what? By removing the blackness of Bhavinah (mercury), by what moment (Kenaksanena) = with the juice of black datura meta (black thorny apple), paramiti = (in the sense of) again. Then again, by doing what ? Vihaya = prapayitva (causing attainment), atmadesantarim = deham (body); again by doing what ?, (by) the saturation of the juice of medicine called pathari (upalabhava). The process of purification of copper should be known from Gurvamnaya. By this explantion 'Kalyanam' supported by Kalyanamandiramiti stotra by name, is Kankam = hemam (gold) (See Visva 2). With reference to the gatha 7 of the 1st chapter : Do ratteti' - means (by) bringing taliya borax and calamine and put 4 - 4 - pieces of each of) borax and calamine into the brinjal on all sides. Give seven chavalamvati bhavanas (saturations) to that brinjal with 4 maund of urine of she buffalo heifer, bring afresh (new - new) bringals 'seven times. Then take out the calamine from inside of the brinjal. Do it in such a way that the pieces of calamine do not break into this brinjal. They should be taken out as unbroken (pieces). After seven saturations calamine is to be crushed (ground). Thus (is) the accomplishment of essence (Kalamkasiddhi). After that, copper - 2 parts, silver - 2 parts and Dvadasam, Suvarna (12 carat gold) bhaga - 4 parts are to be melted (together). After melting them all - vaelas 8, put (place) that (above mentioned) essence into 8 valas of these melted metals. There becomes gold. It is surely experienced (3) (1). For Personal & Private Use Only

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Again the second explanation : By crushing 2 masas of copper, 2 masas of gold, 4. masas of silver, 4 or 8 masas of calamine - all these, rub them with the juice of new red leaves of Jambolanum. By crushing them all with beetle leaf, make them rubbed in a Kharala (Mortar) with the juice of leaves of Jambu for 4 days by combining them together. Next it is to be cast into a crucible. Musa (crucible) is to be made of glass. Putting (placing) the medicines into it, beetle (leaf) is to be ambuketam (taking out its juice) in the crucible. Kacamusa (glass) crucible. Kacamusa is to be given samputa, covering with a Kacamusa. Civara (a piece of cloth) made wet with the spit of tambula (Betel leaf) is to be placed on the crucible. Over it a layer of clay and cloth (coating) is to be given. Then it is to be heated on fire of seer of coal. 01 its being cooled down it is to be taken out; its (essence) becomes gold. (2) Now the process of making Kacamusa (Crucible of Glass) :- : First fine powder of glass bangle is to be made. Then first make gund (gum) wet, (then) make the crucible by rubbing the (glass) powder with it. Some Acaryas say thus (that) 'make crucible by rubbing (the powder), with honey instead of gund, (gum).' Then put bhesajas (medicines) into it (crucible). . Thus is the process of making the Crucible of glass. Ref. to the gatha 16 of 1st chapter. Talam tapyam - (take) orpiment ta Z, golden pyrite ta i, sulphide of mercury ta Z, realgar ta i mercury ta I, copper ta 11, silver masa 3/4, and melt them by putting them together with fire. Make their Kantakavedipatras (thorn-piercing leaves), rub the medicine with the juice of Solanum nigrum-or Makaunake (yellow bhangra = Trailing Eclipta) for 3 days in a mortar, later on smear the leaf by putting all medicines. On its drying up, melt it in a closed (or covered) crucible. It is to be heated for a prahara. There becomes gold. via. With reference to the gatha No. 38 of 1st chapter : : Nahiti - give bhavana (saturation) to mercury with the juice of musket (nahi), next give seven putas (roastings ?) to it with the juice of Nagarbeli.. (piper beetle), then give-seven putas (roastings) with the juice of water-lily (poyani) (Soymida febrifuga, rohini = Induvallabha ?), then give it caya (dropping) of maund (10 seers) of the juice of Kuba (dronapuspi = water -lily = lotus): Mercury is killed (calcinated) and fenfold (5). For Personal & Private Use Only

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With ref. io the gatha No. 33, of the 1st chapter :- Nagiti. Take the plant of Nagaphani (Serpentina = thora = phanimanasa = sleepers' thorn), its root with the urine of Sinduri elephant; lead becomes gold. (how ?), take out the juice of the leaf of Nagaphani, combine it with the urine of Sinduri elephant. By heating lead and rang (Kalai = tin), put them into the essence of the medicine. There becomes gold, With reference to the gatha No. 26 of the 1st chapter ***Kha' iti = calamine, "ra' = mercury, ma = realgar, 'ta' = borax, "ha' = orpiment. By taking equal portions of each of these and grinding them, they are to be saturated with the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum.) Cast the whole thing into Vacamstaranodra 1 with copper plate; it is to be melted by heating in a crucible. Then it is to be poured into the dung of buffalo, having made (by digging) a pit; it becomes silver (7). S With ref. to the gatha No. 34 of the 1st Chapter : Asthi bhakseti - first kill tin (vanga) with the stool of a dog, put that vangam (tin) into a plate, put into ta 2 of tin (killed), copper ta 2 and put (on it) silver ta 2, combine them together (gathi padije), put tikadi (tablet) (of tin) on them, again put tikadi of Vanga - ta 2, close the Samputa (sara = lid) and give a layer of cloth and Clay; on its getting dried up, give it gajaputa (roasting in fire in a pit of 1 sq: yard) for 1 or 2 praharas. After the whole thing gets cooled (extinguished), take it out, give the essence (Kalka) into one tola of copper. (There becomes) gold (8). With reference to the gatha No. 45 of the 1st chapter : The first meaning : 'Dasa ratteti' - take pure coppar sa. 10., essence of mineral calamine ta 10, gold ta 4, melt them together in a covered (closed) crucible, i.. e., it becomes pita gutika (gold pieces) (9). . . With ref. to the gatha 46 of the 1st chapter ;* Sukreti - Silver ta 2, pure copper ta 2, mineral calamine ta 2. By mixing them together melt them in a closed crucible, later on melt them into an open crucible. The whole thing becomes pita jotaka (gold-pieces) (10). (1) It is difficult to explain it. For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 With reference to the gatha No. 50 of the 1st chapter: Nainaraseneti - nayanei means mercury, sulphure, Kaneri realgar, orpiment, sasi somalakhara (Oxide of arsenic). By mixing mercury ta 2, realgar - Kaneriyu ta- 4, orpiment ta 2, Oxide of arsenic ta I, together, give (them) seven putas (roastings) with the juice of small and large Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pulutifera), give (them) 7 putas with the juice of the leaf of Nagarveli (piper betel), putting Kathacuna (lime) into it, take out the essence (rasa), give it 7 putas (with) the juice of the leaf of Unmatta (dhatura = datura), give it 7 putas of Ajhijhara, give it 7 putas of the juice of Medhasing (Helli- cterus, Isora), give it seven putas of marahathi (= peniroyal ?), give it 7 putas with Hiravanirui (cotton of Hiravani). Again give it 7 putas with the juice of Ajhijhara, putting it into a bottle, seal it up. Then (cook) heat it into a Valukayantra with fire for 12 praharas. Take it out by making it completely cooled down. Thus Sri Siddhantopadesavyakhya Lesarthah. (11). With reference to the gatha No. 10 of the 1st chapter : It is said by the Dispassionate. 'Aratareti' means 'first is the process of killing tin (vanga)'. (take) mercury ta. 5, orpiment ta. 5, borax ta. 3, well purified realgar ta 3, their finest powder, tin weightng 1/4 part of these medicines, make the leaves of tin. Make them dry twice or thrice, place them into a Sarvava - Sampura, one above another, give (put) 3 layers of clay cloth over it. Later on it is to be heated (roasted) in gajaputa for two praharas. When it becomes cold, it is to taken out. Tin becomes killed. After that take brass (riri) vala 8. By combining together all, and melting them, making (binding) putika of vala 12 and releasing, later on, it is to be poured into oil. Then if it is not seen beautiful, then again it is to be poured. The remaining is to be known from the guru (12). With reference to the gatha No. 48, of the 1st chapter : Muni Kusumiti' means by making realgar fine (powdered), it is to be rubbed in Khala (mortar) with the juice of Agastyapuspa (Sesbanice glandiflora). Thus 21 bhavanas (saturations or infusion) are to be given to it by grinding it; it is purified. Then purifying tin with the juice of citrus medica thrice, four times and later on melting good tin, it is to be given prativaya with the pouder of realgar three times. In the time of third vela (occassion, it is to be poured into oil. It becomes Vangastambha (fixation of tin) (13). 1. It is not yet identifeid. - For Personal & Private Use Only

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With referenee to verse No. 49 of the 1st chapter : Maksiketi' - Take lead 5 tolas, gold - 2 tolas, native cinnabar - 2 tolas, orpiment - 1 tola, sulphur - 1 tola, realgar - 1 tola, give them 28 bhavanas (saturations) with the juice of rasendragopi (a kind of plant), give them 28 amputas, (roastings), cook them after grinding them in a Kharala (mortar). By grinding them in a Kharala and putting them into paceiyantra (a kind of apparatus), give it layer of cloth and clay (covering the paceiyantra). Next give it heat in a Valuka-yantra (a kind apparatus) for 12 praharas, On its being cooled down, take it out, mix silver-tolas 22: with the Ka (essence), (it becomes) gold (14). Rub (or grind) mercury pai, (sa) 1 in the juice of Krakaca (a kind of vanaspati), it becomes like the Jalauka (leech = Annelid). Next give tuya (dropping) of its juice - 5 seers, (i.e. of Krakac) (to copper), it certainly gets coloured. It is said by Vallabhadasa. It was quenced in its juice-1 seer. It was prepared according to my own conception (imagination). Kalahi (a kind of tin) combined with lead becomes hard silver in the juice of Lamprachoenium microcephalum and Gloriso suprerba (Jalapipara) 15. The combination of tin-1 part, mercury-2 parts, lead-1 part, lac generated form prumb tree - 4 parts. Symlocos racemosa - 4 parts (together) is made, (their) blackness is removed. Rub the gathi (gadhi) (lump) of tin and mercury with sugar, their blackness is removed, it is to be quenced in the juice of) pucudi (a kind of Vanaspati) and Brahmadamdi (Lamprachoenium), and it is to be quenced in the juice of Surana (Amorphophallus campanulatus) and Ilio-dendranaglacum (Chikani). It is to be quenced in the juice of Amrtbel (Ambrosia) and galo (Tinospora codifolia = guduci) or white gourd (dudhi) and onion and long piper. (15). Eulogy to this Jina with the couplet of Verses :- ' 1. I eulogise that Aparigrahin (possessionless) Mahavira who is devoid of pride and delusion and conqueror of passions, by the combination (of activities) of mind, speech and body. He is very tender, resolute, and quiet. 2-3. Red lotus, black elephtant and bright (white) moon which are the abodes of Laksmi (goddess of wealth), (which are) afraid of cold, goad and Rahugraha (Rahu-planet) (respectively), (which are) the three decorating water, land and sky (respectively) and which are fragrant, intoxicated (echorus) ana full-round (respectively), cannot attain the same beauty of the eyes, motion (gaity) and face of Mahavira (respectively). For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. Such is Vira Jinendra, the lord, eulogised by the heavenly gods and godesses and caturvidhasamgha and worshipped by the three lords of Urdhvaloka, Tiryakloka and Adhahloka (respectively)" with joy. (O Lord) ! show (order) the destruction of all poverty, diseases and old age (all these). Scientific interpretation of the Verscs. : Ga = abhrakam = mica, ha = haritala = orpiment Jualena' = taramucyate = silver is meant by jualena, Jinam = paradam = mercury which is free from dirt, fire and poison. Maya - mohavivajjiam, 'jia Kasayam'=devoid of three impurities - dirt, or dregs (mala), fire (sikhi) and poison. (Visam). I fix it by the process of burning (heating) it with the combination of three - white mica, orpiment and silver (Kamtara). Another interpretation : Then with the combination of the process of medicine I shall speak or (analyse) the process of svedan? - jarana of Medicines). Svedanam :- Medicine is to be cooked in a Dolayantra, (a kind of apparatus) with Kanjika of urine of cow, buffalo, goat, men ar Jarana :- It is to be accomplished by making bida (Bitaluna) powder of equal portions of each of the medicines like gorocana (golestone orbinimer a scented article named gorocana), alum, Sal-ammoniac, sulphur, orpiment, syada,' borax (saubhagya) (and silver) are to be cast into the bile of goat and the whole thing is to be placed on the furnace for a month. Thus having made bida (bitakhara), it should be pat into a crucible (or mouth?). Then by making a leaf of black mica, it is to be cast into Yavaranala (fire lit by the straw of barley) for 8 prahars; it is to be melted with Sahavastra with phogakandalas or durvajalas (kinds of Vanaspatis). It comes (gets) flowing and is free from Sha (dhatu = element). Jiyakasayam' :- The impurity of fire in mercury is purified by triphalamalaki (phyllantus emblica), (Terminalia Chebula) haritaki and Vaheda (Teminalia pelerica). 1. 'Kathambhutam (how ?)- (Jinam tam - nisamgam,) Jinam - paradam(mercury) tam hi samgam; - motasaptaguna - Vamgottirnan-killed impurities free from artificial defects, alloys - tin and lead (vangottrirnam) by means of distilation. Upto this time only the process of making silver has been demonstrated. (1) Not identifid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Now the process of making gold is expliained. 'Mahaviram' 'Ma' = Hemamaksikam (golden pyrites) ha = hatakam gold, Vi black mica, 'ra' rasam mercury. The remaining medicines are equal. 'Sukumala' = Naini (Nagadanti = Croton obongifolia), Dhira Nai, (Aristolochia bracteata), 'soma' = some vali (Sarostemma brevistigama) - these three. Ratta = Raktadugdhika (Red Euphorbia piluifera), 'Kasina iti' = Krsna bahuphali Cantichorus)= Kamcanika (masaparni-wild adad, a kind of pulse). 'Pamdura' devadala (luffa echinata. Andropogon serratus); 'Si' iti = Srngikavisam (Acontium chasmanthamum); 'Ri' iti Laghu rigani (small brinjal). 'Nikeya' iti Ketaki (agave). Their essence is to be taken. 'Siya' iti Langalika (Gloriosa - Superba), 'Kusa gaha' iti = Ahikharibijani (seeds of Ahikhari) Ahror), 'Bhiru' iti = Lajjaluka (Mimosa), 'Jalamamdanika = Mandukabrahmi (Mandukaparni Hydrocotyle asiatica) = = 'Sthalamamdanika = Ambavani ( ? = Sunali (Akasavalli Amarbel = Cuscuta reflexa) = = = - -15 'Na cayamti' (does not give up), 'Viro' agnistasya (fire), its lilam = agairupatam (fireness or brightness), hatum = tyaktum (to give up), na saknuvamiti cannot (or is not able to give up), bhasvarakartasvarupatvat (due to its brightness like gold). = That is to say, mica, killed lead and gold cannot give up fire - form due to their brightness. What are pamkaya gaimda and Camda? 'Pamkaya' abhrakam ityartha mica, 'Gaimda' iti mrtanaga (killed = gaganam lead). 'Gaimda' iti mrtanaga (killed lead) 'Camdaiti = hemam (gold). Trityampai va I. Ete capamkagadayah kidrsa santo Viralilam na tyajamti ityaha 'Surihimatta padipunna' = Surabhimatra pratipurnah samagra yathoktamatrollamghnehi, na siddhirataste surabhimatra pratipurna iti., = ) 'Nabhamamdanika That is to say, mica, killed lead and gold cannot give up fire-form = brightness, because of being full of their quantities (Matra) of brightness. Kesam Karyanam sampadayitri ya matta ata aha : 'Loyanam camkammiya muhanam ti' = Locanam = rocanam = Vedha ityarthah (intensification or piercing process). The process by which mercury is mixed with Vyavayi medicines (i.e., opium, etc.) and cast into any metal is called Vedha. = 'Camkammiya.' iti Kramana. It is the made by taking equal portion of each of the woman's milk and borax to rub them together throughout the day, process of alchemy which is dirt of the ear of buffalo, For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 . Then make the essence of poison, cinnabar, calamine, 'red kantaka (a kind of iron), Indragopa (a kind of insect born in the rainy season), wax, and stool of crow and put mercury in the middle, alum and the essence above and below respectively. Having given glass-powder into it, heat the same in a closed crucible. If it is done, mercury becomes Kramana, accomplishd by this process. "Muha' iti = Udghatanam. The process by which clear (transparent) colour is brought about into a purified thing by removing its impurities (dirts or dregs) in (with) mercury by purifying, it is called udghatanam I. 'Svete nagottaranam,' 'pite danam'. In the case of silver of lead is to be taken out, while in the case of gold, lead is to be given. By doing thus "Virajinimdo = rasendra = mercury is (purifild). 'accharagana', iti means = amlavargah (group of acids). 'Vargana' iti cha = Ksaravargah = (group of salts), i.e. urine and salts, etc. fra = rasavargah = group of minerals. gana' = combination of these three groups of articles. 'Samgha' = its assembly which mercury (bhavinah) is fixed (Samthuo = stambhitah). That is, Lord (mercury) is worshipped. "Palittaya-mai (or mada)-mahio' = Mercury purified (worshipped) by the intellect of Padalipta suri, an alchemist. O Lord (mercury)! (show the process of destruction of all sins-poverty, disease and old age (sarvaduritas). For Personal & Private Use Only

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25 53. Melt 1 Vala of copper and 2 valas of gum (gund) of the fruit of Giramala (purging cassia) together. Next put milk of Ksirani (Gambhari = arkapuspa-dughhika = Euphurabia pilulifera) into that mixture. There becomes gold. 54. Make the leaf of tin (Kalahi,-1 sr. as thin as thorn-piercing. Next put it into an earthen pot and pour the juice of citrus lemon on it by pressing up to part 1 with 150 citrus lemons. Next keep the leaf by washing. Then make fine powder of lime of oyster shell by crushing it. Then make a cup by making a hole into the main root of the wood of Salar (Shora rofusta). Then give the powder of lime of oyster shell under and over the leaf, give it layer by layer. By closing the mouth of the cup, put (give) a layer of cloth and clay. Give it gajaputagani (cakes) with fire of dung dry with cakes (of, goat). On its getting cooled down, take it out. There becomes silver. True. 55. Make Dhanyabhral (mica combination with paddy 3) or a kind of mica of svetabhraka (white mica), cook it by putting into the juice (milk) of the ripe leaf of Kantali Thohara (Milk's Hedge = Euphorbia Tragogona). Put milk pai 4 and mercury ta 9-this much. There will be pill of mercury. True-3. 56. If mercury pai. 1 is rubbed (or reduced to paste) with these twothe juice of Utakta (Thistle = Simhali pipali = Brahmadandi) pai 1 and that of the tuber (gatha) green turmeric pai. 1 bhar, there will be butter (of mercury), i.e. it will be soft like butter. 57. Take mineral calamine tola 1 1/4 and cook (ferment) it by putting it into the urine of goat-Urine sr., cook it with gentle fire. Next dry it up by taking it out. Grind it finely and put 2 masas; it becomes roundish at the time of grinding (or crushing); put (it) and grind (it), then put it into an earthen crucible and put into it (crucible) copper 3 masas by purifying it. Do it thus in oil, butter milk and cow's urine. Put that copper (into the crucible), put (giva) a layer of cloth and clay over the crucible again by closing its mouth. Heat it in coal up to ghadis 2 or 3, (there becomes) gold. 58. Thus pour the same into a crucible twice or thrice. If stirred up (or turned round) there becomes best gold (astapada). 59. Rub the juice of Sarapumkha pai 5 and mercury pai 2 for two days. (The whole thing becomes like) white butter. Take milk of shegiving the first birth, before the suckling of her milk by the new born calf. Cook mercury bhar and tin (Kathir) pai, bhar of each into that putting them into it. If milk pai 4 and mercury ta 9 are fermented, gotakao (pill of mercury) is accomplished. 1. Mica mixed with paddy grains and reduced to powder, tied in a piece of cloth and suspended in sour gruel and then passed through linen is known as dhanyabhra. For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 60. Take copper of the wing of peacock, put it into a crucible and make fire underneath slowly and slowly, grind some wild cowdung and spread out the same into it and melt copper. There becomes gold. It is certain. 61. Take the wing of peacock-10 srs., put it into an earthen pot; next put Teliu borax ta. 3 into it; put the powder of the wing of peacock 5 srs. again over it (borax) inside. Heat the pot by litting fire. There comes out in it copper ta 3. If it does not become silver-like, take out copper by washing and giving it with borax. 62. If accomplished galija mercury is found, put it into a crucible and put a little oxide of arsenic. Lit fire under it, go on giving cova (drops) of the juice of Lippia nodiflora (galapipar). Mercury will turn into silver. 63. Take tail of peacock 2 3/4 srs. Take 2 big earthen lids (Saravala), put it into them, close the two by putting borax ta 3 into them, next give (put) a layer of cloth and clay over them by closing them. Give it gajaputagni. Then open the Samputa and blow ashes from it. There will come out gold 14 masas from it. Make a small and thin pot out of it. (gold). Put mercury into it as far as it can contain. Put a little quantity of wild dry cowdung cakes over it, hold (lit) fire on it. There becomes gold. Again mercury becomes gold in that kulaai put in this way. True. As many times, as gold is made, there becomes gold. It is the wishyielding cup like kamadhenu (Wish-yielding cow). 64. (Take) the powder (or grains) of pure gajavela iron-pai. 4, put the juice of citrus medica (jamVira)-2 srs. into a glass-casket and a pot of Nimadas, put the powder of iron into Nimada (neem ?), put the powder of iron into them and close the mouth. Stir it up in (for) 4 or 5 days, again keep it, again stir it up for 4 or 5 days. In this way keep the same for 25 days. Iron, getting melted, becomes water. Reduce mercury to paste with all these; after rubbing, mercury becomes butter-like, True. 65. Salt (luna), hara (khara ?) and alkalior caustics (Khara) are (found) in Madakaranakunda in the Deccan (South). If there is brass 12 paisa bhara, take pai or 2i bhars of salt (lana) and Rara, alkali (Khara) (of the same quantity of each ?). First if brass is pai. 12, take swine's milk pai. 5 bhar. Smear the leaf (of brass?) three times, give fire to it. Next crush alkali with water, smear it (with it) and give it fire; put it into a crucible and blow it into the fire of dry wild cow dung cakes up to an hour. On its getting cooled down, take it out. There becomes silver. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 66. Grind Barlaria prionitis (Dilawali Kuranda) fine, filter it in a piece of cloth, rub it with varnish oil (rogan) for 2 or 3 days. Next put it into a thaliyantra (a kind of apparatus). It is Menamudra (the process of making wax.) 66x Make copper leaf purified and quench it in horse-urine by making it red in fire) for 21 times. Next put it into Chachi luna (salt) for 1 prahara and wash it. Thus putting new and new chachi luna, (repeat the process for 21 days. Next rub it for seven days. Keep it by dipping it into the juice of ginger. Quench that copper by making it hot for 7 or 14 or 21 times. Thus know the process of making copper purified. 67. Give 7 putas (roastings) of the juice of brinjal to oxide of arsenic. Next give 7 saturations (bhavanas) of gobhi (Euphantopsus Scaber) to it. Then give 1 masa of the essence into tola of copper by melting it. Copper becomes white. Combine i of silver, (it is) good (Srikara). . 68. Rub oxide of arsenic and mercury each equal portion with pulp of seed of castor for 1 prahara, give the tablet of 1 masa of the essence into copper 1 tola; combine i of silver into it. Silver. 69. Take oxide of arsenic-1 sr. and combining together these twowater curd-2 srs. and the juice of citrus lemon sr. go on putting or pouring the juice little by little on oxide of arsenic into a pot with an iron spoon and give fire under it, cook it by Bhalagni (fire quantum for cooking rica). Thus give it puta for 42 days, in 2 srs. of curd-water and i sr. of citrus lemon. On the fourth day or in fourth puta (roasting), rub it (oxide of arsenic) alone one day for 1 or 2 praharas. That is, oxide of arsenic is accoplished. Stir it up with the spoon of sisam wood; bind (put on) gloves on hands; do not take smoke in the eyes. Next, it is produced. Then put 2 masas of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Make pills of silver masa 1. Melt copper and put pill (of silver.), next again there will be silver. Next, by putting it into a bottle, hang it on. If there becomes thuthadi (?) (there will be) silver. True. 70. Bring sal-ammoniac, take an earthen pot of the shape of a water jar. First spread out lime (Kalicuno = lime of snails shell) in the form of a circle, spread out sal-ammoniac on that (lime). Make a border (Palisi), give time on that, give fire below (the earthen pot). When sal-ammonic gently gets bubbled, give lime into it. When the bubbling stops, then it gets cooled down, take it out. Crush or rub the whole thing and put it into phukana (a kind of vessel ?) and close its mouth. Keep it into hot water. Make fire below the pot. Take it out by keeping it for 1 or 2 ghadis. Put lime (Kalicu 20) into one pot. Into that put the water of sal-ammoniac, which is there from Phkuana, into lime, give a seal into the mouth of the For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 pot, put it into the furnace of a potter. Take it out after its getting cooled. On taking out the whole thing from the pot (jar), crush it, put it again into phukana (blowing apparatus), bind (seal up) its mouth hard, pour cold water into the jar. Put phukana into that. If it is kept for 2 or 3 ghadis, there will become water of sal-ammoniac. Pour it into a plate of china clay (Chinese plate) from that phukana, keep it in the shade for 1 or 2 days. It will become papadi (parpati). Keep that papadi in one place. There becomes esssence. Melt zinc and put sal-ammoniac into it little by little. At the time of filtering put again sal-ammoniac valal 1 into zinc. There will be silver. 71. Mix mercury pai 2 and oxide of arsenic ta. 1. Next put whole thing into an iron pan and go on putting little by little the juice of Aloe vera-5 srs. with a spoon by taking out 5 srs. of it (first). Next take cow's urine, put it little by little into that. When it gets burnt up (heated), wash it (the mixture) with water, then make a cup of gajavela iron, grind or crush alum ta 1 and orpiment ta 1 into it, spread them over and under, give a layer of cloth and clay (over the cup), heat it in fire of wild cow dung cakes for 4 ghadis. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of tin. It becomes silver. 72. Fill stool of dog into an earthen pot and put the leaves of kathir (a kind of tin) into it in three layers by making each leaf-pai. 1. Next give fire to it, when it (stool) gets burnt up, blow up ashes (out of it) and take out that tin; crush it together with orpiment pai-1, 1 bhar, oxide of arsenic pai. 1, segiu vacanaga (Aconitum ferox or a kind of poison)-paisa 1 and borax pai. 1 bhar in 2 srs. of milk of calotropis gigantea; next crush them in 2 srs. of Milk's Hedge. Then put the whole thing into a flat (glass) bottle and seal it up by giving a lid (into its mouth). Next give it fire. Then fill sand into an earthen jar and put the kupi (casket or glass bottle) in the middle, close the jar and give fire to it for 11 praharas. Mix 1 rati of the essence with copper ta. 5. (There will be silver or gold.) 73. Melt zinc 10 times in an iron cup and put it into oil. That is, the process of purification of zinc. Melting tin (Kathir), put it into a pot of open mouth; crush small pieces of bark or sapling (chodia) of mango, filter it with a piece of cloth and spread hot rang (a kind of metal) over it and stir it up with a wooden piece of Butea monosperma. Thus when. rang becomes ash take it out, put it into a spoon and heat it, next give it fire. Rang becomes lively (sajiva), put it into oil. Thus there becomes an accomplishement of the essence. Take both the things (zinc and essence of kathir-rang)-masa 1 of each; then purify 1 tola of copper. Whatever For Personal & Private Use Only

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29 portions is new, that much is to be taken and put it into them. After that, make the thorn piercing copper leaf, heat and quench it into salt and salammoniac 5 times. (There will be gold ?) 74. Rub oxide of arsenic tola 1 and grains (powder) of silver tola 1 in the juice of elephanto pus scaber (gojihva) up to 4 praharas. Next put the whole thing into a Dabadi (a pot) and give (put) layer of cloth and clay over it. Give fire of wild cow dung in a pit, measuring 1 cubic yard (gajaputa). On its getting cooled down, take it out. Mix (give) 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Next pour it into cowdung, then crush sal-ammoniac and salt (luna) together. O desirer of silver! smear the essence on the the copper leaf and heat it in fire. Next pour it into amalasara sulphur, even if there comes up blackness; make it hot and quench it with the juice of cirapotika (a kind of plant). That goes to be thus: 1 tola of silver becomes new and pure. True. Gotakam is produced by the grace of god. 75. Chew the inner bark of Tectona grandis = Indian Tik tree (Teliyasag) in the mouth, take the sputum (or saliva) (out of it) into an oyster shell. (Take) sputam tola-1. Melt copper tola 4, when copper becomes watery, cast (spit) sputum or spittle into copper. There will be gold. True. 76. Melt gold tola-1, mix pure silver masa 3 into it. After getting it melted, make the molten thing cold. Make 10 leaves of that gold and give a smearing of the following medicines to them. Take sal-ammoniac ta 1, alum ta 2, powder (or a grain) of copper ta-3, Chloride of sodium ta-4, red ochre (geru = girimati) ta 5, and rub them with water. Next smear the leaves of gold (with this mixture), give fire to these leaves slowly and slowly by putting dry wild cowdung cakes = Sr. into earthen pot sherd, three times. Again by this process smear the leaves with medicine; give fire of wild dry cowdung to these leaves in an earthen potsherd, (thikara) three times slowly. Thus again smearing the leaves of gold, again give fire to them. Thus give sa-ammoniac and fire to three smearings or coatings. That is, gold will be marvellous. 77. The meaning of the gatha "Do ratta, do piyala" all these......... Combine together two masas of copper, two masas of gold, four masas of silver and 4 or 8 masas of mineral calamine and crush and rubs them in a mortar without water. Take out the leaf of Davu (gavu) which becomes red, while shooting forth. Crush that with the juice of betel leaf. Next put it into a crucible. Make a crucible of glass. Put the medicine into that crucible. By chewing together betel leaf, lime (Katho) and areca nut, put the spittle into the crucible, give a seal of glass into the crucible. Then wrap a piece of cloth soaked with spittle of betel leaf over the crucible. For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 Next give a cover of cloth and clay over it with spittle. Then get it dried up and burn (or heat) it in coal (fire) 1 sr. By making cooled down, take it out. There becomes gold. 78. The five processes of making medicinal pills (gotaka). (1) Put mercury ta into the mouth of a frog and sew it. Next bring a black snake, put that frog into an earthen jar and close its mouth. Then pour 15 srs. of oil into it and boil it, put the snake into it. When the boiling oil comes down to the point of 5 srs. take out the snake. See it making (cutting) it into pieces. Golaka is accomplished. Take it out. If luck favours (the work gets done successfully). There becomes mouth. If there does not become mouth, there becomes gotika, it is true. Next keep each piece separately into the fruit of seven leaved (Saptada) datura, press one leaf of datura every day and put the juice into the fruit. Do it thus every day. Keep them by your side by putting them into a bag. While getting juice (every day), there will be mouth into the pieces (of the body of the snake) after six months. Amongst these gutikas, two kinds of gutika are produced. One is the accomplished gutika of frog, it is called Budanta. Its importance (or power) is now stated. A river flows, even then one can cross the flood water, water will get separated to (on) both sides. Thus is the procees of Budanta golika. 79 (2) The second one is produced (or accomplished) into the belly of the snake. Its name is cailed Gadamta gutika by which magic (or miracle) is shown to the people As a yogin takes cave, just so one (magician) digs a pit and enters, into it by keeping the gotika with him, and is coverred (spread) over with dust, he sits on the brink (side) of the pit by coming out of it. The people do not see him. The people know that he is inside (the pit). The pit is filled up with dust, the people go to the house. The man himself roams about from country to country with pleasure. After some days he sends letters. The people ask wherefrom he has got out. Thus is the process of one godamta gotika. These are the processes of two gotikas. (80) (3) Now the third is Udamta gotaka. Its process is written. A kite (bird) has made a nest. Take out an egg from there and pierce it with a needle. Put mercury ta 1 1/4 into it, then give a cover over (on) it by filling it up with wax. Next put it into the nest, give incense frankincense to the nest for 2 or 3 days. Ater some days the eggs of the kite become large, then the kids fly away (after hatching). Next take out the egg and keep it in a separate place. Every day, after taking food, give fresh incense, put it in its proper place. By doing thus, a period of 6 months and 6 days is passed, then taking out the egg, pierce it and look into it; For Personal & Private Use Only

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31 gotaka is produced. Next if luck favours or karma gets fulfilled, if there becomes mouth into it, there becomes ulatma gotika. Gotaka If it is kept on hand, one goes to that place of which he thinks. He will come back by going to a distance of 100 or 1000 gaus. This is the process of Udanta gutika. Now is the process of making the fourth Gotika. : (4) Sow a satpado (Seven petalled) datura in an earthen pot. Afther its growing large, make a hole in between two joints and put mercury into it) and give (put) wax into the hole. Keep it for 6 months and 6 days in this condition). Next see it splitting its branch that gotika is into its stem and root and into the earth by the side of root. Take it out by digging earth with a spade. Having taken it out from there, keep it with you. The king and the subjects become loyal (obedient) or submissive to you by its influence or power. If there becomes mouth into it, silver is produced from trapu (a kind of tin). (5) Now is the process of the fifth gotaka Now the process of gadibaddha golaka is written : A famous hero dies by fighting in a battle, while confronting his enemy, his face (head) gets cut off and his head falls on the ground. Take it. Having brought it to the house, put mercury into the mouth, of the cut off dead soldier on Sunday and hang it up by the side of a stem of a tree. Keep it there for 6 months and 6 days. Next take it out. Gotaka is produced (accomplished.). By keeping it with one, he can fight 1000 soldiers, the enemy gets defeated. Thus is the process of the fifth gotaka : (81) Give saturation to mercury ta 9 equally with kahlara phudadi a (kind of vanaspati ?) and Aloe vera. Next put the juice of Rodanti 7 srs. (a kind of creeper) into an iron davda (pan). Pour 1 sr. of it into mercury, heat it with fine (gentle) fire, go on putting juice, while getting it dried up. Make fire thus for 7 days. Bind mercury in a gathi (bundle) of piece of cloth, put the gathadi (bundle) into horse-dung. 2 srs. Put 2 sis. of-horsedung over it, spread out 4 srs. of dust over it, keep it for 2 or 4 days in that state and cover it up. That is, it gets bound (lumped). It is accomplished. The second process is written. : (82) (Take) about i maund of leaves of Datura, make 2 divisions of 1 (portion), dig a pit, measuring 1 cubic yard. Spread out some horse-dung4 srs. Put on it pan gotaka (full leaf of Datura), put about 10 srs. of horse dung on (over) it, put mercury ta into it. Put thakato golo on it, put again 4 srs. of horse dung. Cover it (spread out) (a layer) of dust-2 fingers thick (1) A kind of Indian measurement of length of distance. For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 over it. Give fire on it for 4 or 5 days. That is, gotako is accomplished. Offer 4 ahutis (sacrifices) and bring down 4 ahuts, give ahutis of clarified butter and sugar. Do not bring own sight. That is Chemical gotaka. 83. Melt mercury ta 9 into the milk of citrullus for 3 days; then fix it up, put it into an earthen portsherd (Thikari) and give fire below (it), put the milk of citrullas (uttaravaruni) into it. Put a lamp below by lighling its wick made of 14 threads. Next stir up the gotaka. After the milk getting dried up, take it out, do it for 3 days. Next give saturation to it in the milk of Banian tree. Give (put) it into the mouth of fire in an earthen portsherd, do it for 3 days. Next bind it in a piece of thin cloth, give fire (heat) to it with 5 srs. of citrus lemon, etc. in a Dolikayantra, thus four 7 days. Thus give saturation or roasting to it in the juice of Datura for 7 days. Give saturation or roasting (Pata) in the juice of castor for 7 days, give it pata in the juice of Citrullus colocynthis (Uttaravarunt) for 7 days, puta in the juice of Tamarind for 7 days, in the juice of citrus medica for 7 days, in the juice of Bakayani (a kind of Limado) = Melia ozadarach, in the milk of phyllanthus niruri (Tadi) for 7 days and give mudra (seals) into (inside) the fruit of datura with the juice of 15 citrus lemons by closing the datura, give it pata (roasting) of cloth and clay for 20 days. When Kaurisa is not found, then do not leave (put) the juice of citurs lemon. All these patas are to be given in a Dolikayantra on fire, etc. Suryaputa (puta of the sun) in day, agniputa (puta of fire) at night; next if nothing is available then rub it with spittle on palms and give puta of milk of Uttaravaruni (citrullus colocynthis); do not power, do not pour pani pata, i.e. stop pata, but do not allow even a day go in vain. Next put it into cooking paddy (rice). Do not put salt, keep it into it up to that time. Do not allow woman touch it. Next keep it into the mouth. Keep it in a tree for 15 days. Thus keeping many things, give puta (roasting or saturation) of dews for 15 or 21 days, pata of fruits of Datura for 108 times. Keep it away from all these-oil of Ferula alliacea (Hingtel), Spilanthus oleracia (Peniroyal = marahati) Alhaju Maurorum (Javaso) for 8 or 13 months. Then give pata, it is accomplished. Do not keep it starved for a day. Next make it drink milk, put it in 1 maund (of milk). That is, the chemical is produced. Know it as accomplished gutiko. 84. The process of making the essence of mineral calamine (khapariyaSattvidhi) written : (Take) mineral calamine 1sr. natron, ta 20, borax (Saubhagya) ta 5, molasses ta 12, make casani of molasses, and put pau of cowdung, combine all these medicines and make vali (wick), next put them into a tube (nali) and heat them by putting them into Jhajhoyantra (a kind of apparatus). For Personal & Private Use Only

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33 Take (out) the essence. Thus is the process of making the essence of mineral calamine. (85) Take a cup of the essence of that mineral calamine ta 6, next mercury ta 1, sulphur ta 1, realgar ta, 1 orpiment ta 1 and dadimiyo Somala (oxide of arsenic) ta 1 and combine all these medicines, crush and rub them in a mortar. By reducing them to paste, give them 7 putas (roastings) in the juice of citrus lemon, 7 putas in the juice of Aloe vera, 7 putas in the juice of Kavai and suruyaputa (puta in the sun). Next make tablets of (them). Hold them by the side of medicine, hold the cup of the essence of mineral calamine above. Give a seal on (over) it. Place it into a Valukayantra. Make worship, lit (make) fire of (for) 8 praharas. Next take out the thing and make worship; that is the essence. Combine together pure copper ta 2, the essence ta 1, silver ta 3, best gold ta 5, and melt them first in an open crucible (Udhamusa). Next crush them and fill them up, and put the remaining all in a jar. Put valuka (sand) over it srs. 1. give saindhalun salt over it. Melt them into an open crucible, next pour the whole thing, there becomes gold-gotaka (pieces). (86). Take red samdhava salt-5 srs. and fill that much of it into the belly of a just born child, which may be contained into it; close it and put it into a Ukarala (village-dustbin) and take it out after 6 months. It (salt) becomes the essence. Purify silver-1 sr. and melt it. Put the essence into it. There becomes gold. Some sutras, are missing here, from 87-101. (102) Mik: one bread of the fruit of Tamarind, make another bread of Carthamus tinctorius (Kusambha), next make pieces of oxide of arsenic and alum like that of rice, get them parched in the 1st bread and give (put) the second bread over it, close the broder of the breads. Cook it in a pan (earthen) (Kalnala). The rotali (bread) is produced (accomplished). With that put together copper ta 5, best brass la 5, silver ta 5:1, this essence oxide of arsenic. ta 5, (There becomes) silver. (103) Take zinc ta 9, make 3 leaves of it, crush cinnabar ta ly, orpiment 14 ir ta 13, green vitriol (sulphate of iron) ta 14 and amalsar sulphur ta 15 and rub them in the juice of Aloe vera, rub (smear) them on the leaf of zinc. Next put those leaves one above another in an earthen cooking vessel. Give a seal into the mouth of the earthen vessel with the cake of Adad (a kind of pulse). Then melt them and incinerate (reduce) them to ashes. Melt that powder 1 rati, silver vala 3, & copper vala 13 together. Melt gold vala 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 and put khara (ash) into it. Melt it in a closed crucible, heat it much. Next melt it into an open crucible. That is (there becomes) gold pieces. True. (104) Melt zinc 21 times in all these juices-urine of horse, urine of man, urine of ass, milk of calotropis gigantea, milk of milk's Hedge, juice of Datura, juice of citrus, lemon and juice of sabuni tejinavi and pour it. Next, whatever juice remains, melt that in crucible; put sal-ammoniac from above by filling with capu (pot or finger), put it, while melting. sal-ammoniac, borax-Khar salt, kahit-that is, mineral calemine, becomes pure. Next combine that mineral calamine 1 tola and silver 1 tola and melt them, cover and put them in a crucible. That is, there becomes silver-piece, (gotaka) of 18 visvas. (105) Crush lead ta 9, mercury ta 9, mineral calamine ta-9, Ravanakacha ta -4, amalsara sulphur ta 9-all these one by one and mix them. Next give the mixture 7 putas of the juice of Aloe vera, 7 putas of Auliphupa 7 putas of kesu, 7 putas of the leaves of tree without name (nanamajhada), 7 putas of Dadimaphula; next grind them all with tambola (betel leaf = the leaf of piper beetl) and put them into a Valukayantra, placing it on fire, give fire of three kinds for 12 praharas. Next, again crush 1/4 part (part of tead) and give it 3 putas of Dalimaphula, then again place sisi (lead bottle) on the fire and heat it for 24 praharas. Next give it 3 putas of auliphul with fire for 48 praharas. Next, give it 3 putas with the juice of the leaf of pana (betelleaf), give it fire of 96 praharas-three kinds of fire. That is, the essence is produced. Mix 1 vala of the essence into 1 gadiyana of copper. There becomes gold. Thus work is like truth. (106) (Take) i sr. of powder of jowar and i sr. of powder of wheattwo combining, it comes to about 1 sr. Mix 1 tola of grain of tin (Kathir) into that. Next make bread and feed a cock. Take its stool. Mix that stool into 15 srs. of juice of Euphorpia bia Pilulifera. Take coya (drops) into a patalayantra, give it fire, it falls down. That becomes silver. (107) Take zinc paisa 5 bhar. Put it in a Samputa, spread out the leaf of gadaralapati pai 5 at the bottom, put the pieces of zinc at the centre, put the leaf of gadaralapati pai 5 bhar over them. By closing the samputa make a strong seal into it), give 5 or 7 layers of cloth and clay and spread out coal 5 srs, put the samputa at the centre, give again 4 srs. of coal over it. That is, there becomes 10 srs. of coal, give fire to the samputa (by litting fire) with a fan. On getting the whole thing cooled down, take out the samputa. If the lid (cover) of zinc flies up, let it fly; if it remains again in this way, For Personal & Private Use Only

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35 (spread out) the leaf of gadarlipata coal 10 srs. and give fire to it (samputa treatment) three times. Put the whole thing into a samputa; there becomes pure (or fixed) zinc. It does not fly up. Next put mercury just equal to zinc and make gathi (lump or paste). By this process take wax of 2 fingers into the oil of wild saffron (carthumus Tinctorious). Fry or (boil) it and when it becomes thick of 3 fingers, take it; fry mina kaiya (wax piece) with oil, next put mercury into that oil. Then melt that zinc, melt it by giving borax, then pour it into the oil. The lump (paste) of mercury and zinc is produced. Next take out the juice of Hastakanda (a kind of vanaspati) into it and put it into an earthen vessel, give a seal into its mouth. Give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes 5 or 7 srs. Like this continue the process) 21 times. Take the juice of Hastakanda every day and give 21 putas of it. The essence is produced. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold. 108. Take the juice of the leaf of castor plant, give tuya (drops) to mercury with it for by days 21 putting mercury into an earthen vessel. Mercury becomes fire-proved. 109. Make a cup of zinc pai, 3 or 5 bhar. Take out the juice of sprouts or shoots of Sovanasaga (a kind of vanaspati), measuring i cup and rub mercury with (it) for 2 or 4 praharas. Next put that mercury into the cup. Rub salt with the juice of Sovanasaga for 1 prahara. Fill that salt into the cup by putting it. Next bring an earthern vessel, fill salt into it by crushing it. Press the cup upside down into that salt, its brim remains covered with salt (or uncrushed salt). Next place the vessel on the furnace; give fire of wood under (it) slowly and slowly, give it coya (drops) of the juice of the sprout of sovanasaga from above, for (up to) 12 praharas. When the cup bursts out and becomes well (vakase); the essence is accomplished. (Mix) 1 rati of that essence into 1 tola of copper. Gold (will be obtained). For Personal & Private Use Only

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FOURTH CHAPTER 1. There will be gold and gold pieces of established stone of Zajavarada, it is ta 3-crush all these and make them fine (by grinding). Rub them with the milk of ewe (she-sheep) for 4 praharas. Next bind pill of 1 tola (with it). Then at the time of action, put together honey, clarified butter, borax, molasses and dali (1) of gunja-these five just equal to the pill and rub them in a mortar for 1 prahara. Then make leaf of gold-1 tola by rubbing. Rub that pill, make its smearing 1 tola the leaf. Make fire of 10 srs. of dry wild cowdung cakes, put the leaf into a kavaciyantra (a kind of apparatus). Put (give) a layer of cloth and clay over it and give it fire. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Next again smear the leaf with tola of that (pill), give it fire of 10 srs. of dry wild cowdung cakes in a Kavaciyantra, take it out on its being cooled down. Again make smearing on it (leaf) with 1/4th tola of the pill and heat it in a kavaciyantra on fire of 10 srs. of dry wild cowdung cakes. Take it out on its getting cooled down. There will come Rs. 12 on the sale of the leaf of gold. There will come Rs. 16.00 on its sale, (if) its carat gets increased (18). . 2. Give 21 putas (roastings) to raw salt with the juice of white Bandali and rub it. Next, first bind the tablet of mercury with Mora Thuthu (Thutha). Spread (give) that salt at the bottom in a crucible. Put the tablet (of mercury) in the centre and give the salt over it. Seal up the crucible and give it fire for ghaoi 1. That tablet becomes silver. (19) 3. (Take) 1 sr. of the juice of the tender leaves of Babul, Pai. 1 of the juice of the tender leaves of Jambu (tree), pai. 1 of the juice of red leaves of Oleander (Kanera), pai. 1 of the juice of the leaves of piper beetle (Nagayalli), and crush pai. 1 of Magaphula, half of it, and put it in the juice of the four medicines. Make paste (lump) of copper masas 9 and zinc masas 3. Keep three gathi batis of that rasa separate. Then melt that lump and quench it into separate rasas (juices) thrice, its blackness is removed. There will be gold. (20) 4. Make lump of these four things-silver ma. 3, zinc, ma. 3, Kathir (tin) masa 3, and lead ma 3 and put it into an earthen pot. Next melt it and put 4 masas of mercury into it. Then crush 4 masa of Samkhiu somala, and turn it over 5 or 7 times and go on putting it into the mixture by tips. For Personal & Private Use Only

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When the essence becomes smokeless, take it out. That table becomes reduced to ashes. By melting silver ma. 6 and brass masa-6, put this ash into the mixture. There becomes silver. The process of making medicinal pill (gotiko badabhavani vidhih). 5. Bring the fruits of Neem tree (Liboili) { sr. and take out its juice. The ineer part (inside) of it is green. After that, crush the fresh seed of black Datura and take out its juice. Rub mercury 1i tola with that juice for 3 praharas, that is, there becomes the pill and it gets bound. Next put the pill into a sarab (earthen lid) and close it with the second sarab (lid) and put (give) 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Burn it in the fire of 50 dry wild cowdung cakes. On its getting cooled down, take it out. There it becomes dry. (It is the process of making pill) gotikavidhih (22). 6. The process of making the essence of orpiment : Combine together equal quantity of godanti orpiment 1/4 sr., Dali (1) of cinothi (Abrus precatorius linn) 1/4 sr. and the seed of Palasa Papada 1/4 sr. and dipping (drenching) them into the urine of she-goat, give them. 3 patas (roastings). Give a strong seal by putting them into an earthen vessel. By making a hole into the inner jar (jar between two jars), put the paao (parikha = quantity) of the medicine into that jar, give a strong seal to (with) the earthen jar. By filling the dung of she-goat in the upper jar give fire. The essence of orpiment comes out. (23). (7). Copper is pierced, silver is pierced. Keep the leaf of orpiment, in the juice of Tripani sadhi (Khati) (raw Desmodium gangeticum) for 5 or 7 days. Next take it out and put it on fire. If it gets boiled with bubbling sound, it is accomplished. Next put mercury just equal to it and rub with it for 1 or 2 praharas. Then melt copper tola-1 by mixing 1 masa of the essence with it. Gold (25). i.e. there becomes gold. (8). (Take) while cinothi (Abrus precatorius linne) and a wood of Myrobelan (Bahina). 24 sr, make a hole into the wood of Bahila and put the powder of Abrus precatorius into it, melt old copper into that, put (it) into the juice. Next (take) 5 srs. of lime, and its fire generated by sprinking water, next make fire of dry cow-dung cakes for 1 prahara and put it on it. Then take it out and filter the thing (essence), put mala phitakii (alum) vala 2 into copper to. 1. Silver is produced (26). For Personal & Private Use Only

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39. 9... Purify zinc by melting it. If mineral calamine i sr. is melted, there remains 14 paup (pai) from 1-9 (2 1/4) of (the combination). Take the juice of the root of Ajhijhara (a kind of Vanaspati) 1}. Srs, mix 3 srs. of the juice of the root colocynth with it. Melt mineral calamine in an earthen pot. After melting, give coya (drops) by putting the previous juice and give it fire of the wood of poplar leaved fig tree (= Ficus religiosal) and it is to be stirred up with a wooden piece of pipal. The essence is accomplished. Melt together these three-copper, silver, and the essence. There becomes silver (by the chemical action). If gold is light, by melting the same, if gadiyana of the essence is given into 1 tola of gold, the weight increases. (27) (10) Put Barasa Karpur (Camphor from Java) tola-2 and mercury to. 1 into a plate. Give camphor under and over mercury. Cover mercury. Cover it up with a cup and seal it up with wax. Make dipagni by putting it under, give fire of for 1 prahara. All these will become the essence. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola copper. If 1 rati of the essence is taken with betel leaf, there will be an appetite of 10 Srs. (28). . (11). Put Hiravola (a kind of mineral ?) tola 2 into a plate, put mer cury tola 1, give Hiravola over it, put a cup over it and give a menamudra (seal with wax) to it. (Then) pour water into the plate and make dipagni to it for 1 prahara. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Gold. (29). If pure essence-pai. 1 bhar is taken, there will be an appetite of 10 srs. of food. True. Thus Jalayantravidya. (29) (12). Bring the tuber of turmeric and mercury double than it. Make pill (Ball) by rubbing these two. Make it dry and bind it with the juice of Citrus lemon. Press its juice by cutting it into two piecess. Put the pill (goli) between these two pieces of citrus lemon. Place the second piece of it over the first one. Make a smearing over it with the powder of Udad (Phaseolus radiatus linn). Put it, on a piece of dry cowdung cake and give the second piece over it. Next give 1 or 2 pieces of dry cowdung, make fire. On its getting cooled down, take it out. That mercuey, getting swelled, becomes Patasa (like) (a king sweel). If 1 rati of it is taken, there becomes an appetite. Mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola of copper. Gold. It is tested. (30) (13). Rub all these together-mercury-tola 1, Oxide of arsenic-tola 1 and alum-tola 1 with curd for three days. Next put the lump (or paste) into curd. Then take it out after 11 days and rub it in the juice of citrus For Personal & Private Use Only

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lemon for 4 praharas. Next put it into a samputa (lid) and give if fire of cowdung, gentle fire of 4 praharas. On its being cooled down there becomes the essence. Mix 1 masa of the essence with 1 cola of copper. There becomes silver (31). (14). Rub sulphur pai. 5 with the juice of Kesuphul! (a kind of vanaspati) for 4 praharas. Next after 1 or 3 days put it into a bottle; give muala(bhair) into its mouth. Keep it into the mouth of the second bottle. Put the mouth of the bottle in a palala Yantra and giving fire under it, take out (squeeze) oil. Smear that oil on the copper leaf, dry it up like papadi (thin crisp cake made of flour mixed with spices) on fire. Put 5 or 7 drops of oil on it. Gold (32). (15) Having taken sal-ammomiac, rub it in the juice of Visakhapara i of vanaspati ?) for 4 praharas. Next make powder of it by crushing it Melt kathir (a kind of tin) and put sal-ammoniac into it. Sal-ammoniac will come up, remove it. Thus put sal-ammoniac 3 or 4 times. (There will be) silver (33). (16) Take water of Kathir (a kind of tin), put 1 masa of it into 1 tola of copper by melting it, there becomes silver. Water dries up. The means of making it soft is written: By taking out the root of white Visakhapraa, take its bark and get it dried up. Keep it by making its powder. Melt that which becomes phuta dhata (metal) and spread that powder over it. It will be soft. The substance is produced. True (34). (17) Make pieces of Luniue Somala khara (a kind of oxide of arsenic) tola 1, cook (ferment) it in a Dolikayantra with the milk of she-goat. Mix the essence 1 masa into 1 tola of copper. There becomes silver (35). (18) Rub sulphur tola 1 and mercury tola 1 with the juice of Amaraveli (cassytha-filiformis) up to 1 day. Rub them in a plate with the wood of Limba (citrus lemon) in the shade. Do not expose it in the sunhine, do as such, hold it in the sunshine in caitra-vaisakh. Oil comes out of it. Smear it on the leaf of copper. (There becomes) gold. (36) (19) Place kalahi (a kind of tin)-tola 2 and carbonate of potash (javakhara) under and over, there is white cumin seed. Take out the juice of it. Go on giving juice to them till they are) quenched. Heat this combination, next heat it in a closed crucible. There becomes Siver. (37) 1. Flower of Butea frondosa = Saffron-coloured flowers. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(20) Melt kathir (a kind of tin) sr. and pour it into oil and curd 2-7 times. Next pour it into the juice of Neem seven times. Then melt tin in an earthen vessel. Put tamarind over it by crushing and pounding it. Secondly lit fire under it and cover it with a lid over it. On getting burnt the content is reduced to ashes. It becomes deadlike. Next put 4 vanas (things). Then take bhupadala (a kind of vanaspati) and rub (or reduce to paste) mercury pai 1 bhar. Next put it into a samputa (lid) in a crucible and give a hard seal into its mouth; give it fire of the goat's dung for 4 praharas. It becomes white. Next give (mix) rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There becomes silver) (38). 41 (21) Rub mercury with the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagarjuni) in a mortar for a day. Put it on fire and reduce it to paste for 7 praharas in a mortar, go on putting juice; mercury gets killed (38 X). (22) (Take) mercury pai-1, zinc pai. 3 bhar, nila thuthu (a kind of poison) pai. 1 and put them together on an oven and give them fire for (of) ghadi 2. Mercury becomes fixed. Next make lump (paste) of it with zinc and mix silver just equal to it. There becomes good silver (39). (23) Give ash of samkha (conch-shell) to mercury, making it (conchshell) powdered, and to oxide of arsenic (malla) by taking mercury. Mix (take) good alum into milk, mercury-tola, lead and oxide of arsenic hr-masa. 1., (take) sulphur ta 1, natron ta 1. lime ta 1, sal-ammoniac ta 1, oxide of arsenic ta 1, orpiment ta 1. Make lump of mercury and zinc. Next crush the medicines and give (mix) them into copper. Then there is woodfordia froribunda (Dhahadiphul). Putting all together, put Dhahadiphul ta 4 (into) copper ta and zinc tola (into the essence). There will be gold (40). (24) Rub orpiment ta 2, realgar ta 3, sulphide of mercury (cinnabar) ta 2 in a mortar in the milk of calotropis gigantea for a prahara. Filter them in piece of cloth and cook them in Dolikayantra with milk for 36 praharas. Mix the essence 1 rati into Rang (a kind of metal). There becomes silver (41). (25) Combine copper, zinc, lead, mercury and the juice of cedrus deodar (and make the essence by rubbing them). Put i rati of the essence into 16 tolas of copper. (There will be) gold (42). (26). Wash the earth of earth-worm (annelid) and take out the stones (from it). Next make powder of the wing of a peacock by cutting it (into pieces) with a scissor. For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 Then put this powder into cowdung and get it dried up in the shade. Next put it into an earthen jar and seal it up; make fire, put it on fire. When burning stops, take it out. On washing ashes, the stones come out, Mix up the stones of the previous earth, then heat them together in a crucible. Next melt them; copper comes out (of them). (44). (27). Make lump of 1 tola of mercury and 2 tolas of zinc. Next put 2 tolas of mercury into a silver davadi (small pot) and give a layer of clay and cloth (overi t), give it gajaputagni of 12 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Combine 1 1/4 masa of the essence with 1 tola of copper. (gold). Take mercury pai. and zinc 1 1/4 srs, put oil into an iron pan. Melt zinc three times. Next melting it seven times in a hadamusa (earthen crucible), quench it into the water of Triphala (Amalaki Haritaki and Vaheda). zinc will be purified. Next mix mercury with it, combine of them with pure silver. There will be a good combination (45). (28) Give 22 putas of urine of tiger to mineral calamine-gadiyana 1, borax ta 1, turmeric gadiyana 1, Sovanarakhiu-Kaca (a kind of glass ?) ga. 1 and Malavi molasses ga. 12, get dried all medicines except molasses in the sunshine and pound them. Mix 2 gadiyana of the powder (grain) of silver into them. Next put the whole thing into molasses and make lump, and melt it in a crucible up to 1 prahara. Gold; Silver-carat 10 or 11. Thus is the process of making gold (46). (29) By crushing the leaf of zinc Sr. and Sambhara luna (salt of Sambara lake) 1 sr., give them layer by layer. Put them into an earthen pot, and a small piece of colth into its mouth; give a seal, on it; give it gajaputagni of 21 praharas; purify (wash) copper and mix 1 masas of the essence into 11/2 tola of copper. There becomes silver. (47). (30) Purify lead 1/4 sr., make a thin leaf of it. Next make collyrium (Kajali) of mercury-pai. 2 and sulphur pai 2 for 4 praharas. Then take a jar and give (put) a layer of cloth and clay (over it), spread out bhodala (leaf of raw mica ?) into it, one leaf under, one leaf over, large bhodalapatra 1, spread out surakhara (a kind of salt) sr. over it, put the leaf of lead over bhodala; sprinkle collyrium over it, give again the leaf of lead, sprinkle collyrium, again, leaf again, collyrium, thus give (put) (them) layer by layer. Again, crush surakhara 1/4 sr. (pava) and give (put) it over the leaf of lead and press it; give (place) an earthen pot over it; give (put) 3 or 7 layers of clay and cloth over it (and) get it dried up. Fill sand into it put it on furnace, give it fire while increasing gradually for 8 praharas. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 43 On its getting cooled down, take sand out, take lead. Next make ash of 6 Ajhijhara! 4 or 5 srs. Bind it in a piece of red cloth like kasambha 2 (wild saffron) and put water into it). Keep that water by filling it into a bottle. Put that lead and that sulphur Pai. 11 together and crush them with that water for 4 praharas. Next make tablets of them and put them into an earthen jar like the first process, give the canda (layer ?) of Bhodala (mica), crush, surakhara pai. 5 bhar and spread it out. By crushing it and putting Thikaliya (tablets ?), give again surakhara (a kind of oxide) over it. Give (put) a seal into the mouth of the jar by filling sand into it, give it fire of 8 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Give sulphur pai. 1+ with that water. Do it again like that. Like the previous process, give it fire, etc. Take it out by giving and giving fire, etc. Thus do it seven times. If that thing rati-1 is taken, the appetite will be double. It makes many other benefits. Give fire to seven yantras for 8 praharas. (48). 1. Not identified. 2. Saffron coloured piece of cloth. For Personal & Private Use Only

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FIFTH CHAPTER (1) Metal gets (or is) killed with oil of orpiment. Crush 1/4 sr. of oipiment and i pai of sal-ammoniac, put them into a bottle and place it in a Tikaliyantra. Oil comes out. All metals get killed with orp realgar. (39). (2) Sal-ammoniac is fixed in the juice of Umbara (fig tree); crush Morthuthu (a kind of poison) in the juice of croton tiglian (Danti) and give it 7 putas. The essence is produced. Alum is fixed in (the juice of) Asvakanda (whose stem is like the penis of horse), give 7 putas of cloth and clay. The essence is produced. Polad (steel) is fixed in the juice of Amathi (Ipomoea sepiaria), the essence is produced. (Take) mercury ta. 1, a fine strong (hard) piece of cloth-1 cubit (in lengh): give 5 or 7 putas of dew watet (khara) of gram plant (Cina). Khar makes it very hard. Put mercury into the clothing by wrapping it. Next sew the cloth. Then putting the cloth into a new earthen vessel, seal it up and keep the earthen vessel into the dustbin of the village for 2 or 3 months. The cloth getting burnt will be reduced to ash. That ash dries up (sucks) kathir (tin) (40), (3) Kill mercury, sulphur, kaneri realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic with the juice of Aristo lochia bracteata, apply the essence to silver, it becomes gold. It is said by Vitaraga (The dispassionate), Naineti :- Mercury, sulphur, Kaneri, realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic. Combine mercury ta 8, sulphur ta 8, kanerin manasila (realgar) ta 4, orpiment ta 2 and oxide of arsenic ta 1 and give 7 putas to combination with the juice of small and large Euphoriba pilulifera; next give the combination 7 putas, with the juice of leaf of piper betle. Next put lime (Kathocuno) into it and take out the juice. Give it these putas-7 putas of Datura, 7 putas of the juice of Ajhijhala, then 7 putas of Dolichondron falcata, 7 putas of Peniroyal (Spilanthus oleracia), 7 putas of the juice of For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 Hirabona. Next, again, give it 7 putas Ajhijhala, put it into a bottle and sealing it up, put it into a Velukayantra; give it fire for 8 or 12 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. (It is) completed. (3x) Grind and crush Gujarati orpiment, Bagadadi patrali (leaves) and reduce them to small particls. Rub them in a mortar with the juice of onion for 3 or 4 days. When the combination is heated, then it burns like wax, then know that puta as ripe (cooked), then put it into a bottle. Dig a pit measuring equal to the height of the head of a man and fill it up with the horse-dung. Keep the bottle into the horse-dung for 6 months, then take it out; give the essence to the copper leaf. There becomes gold (41). (4) Mix tin 1/4 sr. and mercury 1/4 sr. with rice meal-milk, curd, clarified butter, urine and stool for 21 days; heat (or burn) the mixture for 1 prahara, put 4 ratis of the essence into 1 tola of copper by melting it. There becomes gold (42). (5) Put the juice of Tumbi (long gourd) ta 5, and the juice of Diopyros embryopteris (Tidu) ta 5 seven times into copper (ta) 3 by washing (purifying) it. (There becomes) gold (43). (6) Reduce. to paste mercury to. 1 and sal-ammoniac to. 1, the juice of cyperus rotundus (gundi), then blow it up in a Naliniyantra three times, (then) take it out. The essence is completed; give 1 masa of it into tin tola 3. Mercury gets dried up (44). (7) Take mercury ta 3, grind beetle leaf and arica nut.and lime together and take out the juice from them, it drinks milk for 1 prahara (i.e. drench the whole thing into milk). Next make samputa of the root of Ankola (Alangium lamarki-A hexapetallum). Put mercury into it and seal up the samputa, give three layers of clay and cloth to it and put it on fire of cowdung for 4 galhi (24 minutes X4 = 96 minutes). On its getting cooled down, take it out. There will be lime. (45). (8) Purify mercury ta 3, bind (tie) over 2 thin roots of Alangium lamarkii; keep it into an earthen vessel, put mercury on it, give a seal into the mouth, give it fire of 1 prahara by putting a layer of cloth and clay over it. There becomes pill (gotika), it is crushed, it will be lime. It becomes (looks) like cowdung, it does not fly, (46). (9). Make powder by grinding three things-the powder of Adiantum (Tripurni-mukhamali), mamgaphu, and Pegami sal-ammoniac-1. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There will be) silver (47). For Personal & Private Use Only

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47 (10). Grind (or rub) sal-ammoniac ta 3, particles of copper ta 1 with the juice of citrus lemon in a copper pot. All becomes liquid (rasa); then it is finished (completed.) Jamgal essence or verdigris or green rust) is accomplished. Next take jamgal ta. 3, and fresh particles of tutaha (a kind of chemical substance) ta 1. Make them wet (drench them) with the juice of citrus lemon for 4 praharas, put borax and melt them; iron comes out separately. There becomes copper. Take it, mix sivler just with equal portion (quantity) of copper. There become 6 carats of it. Next make gotaka (pieces) of gold (48). (11). Crush the small fruits of Neem tree, rub or reduce mercury to paste in its oil in a mortar, give 21 putas to it, give tin i bhar, make pill of them. True. (49). (12). Take equil portion (of each) of these five (things)-copper { bhar, zinc l (a tin) i bhar and lead bhar. Make a closed crucible. Combining these five together, put them in a crucible with the oil of lin seed. Mix these five in a crucible. Put over them particles (dust) of piper betle by taking the leaf of gangeri (Sida spinosa), putting and cutting (crushing) katho cuno (lime) and areca nut into the crucible, give these five things over it. Close (seal up) the crucible, put (give) a layer of cloth and clay over it. Put it coal of 10 Srs; give it fire. On its getting cooled down, take out the whole thing. Put combination of the five things into 1 tola of copper and melt it. It will be gold. If the combination is given into kathir, (tin) there will be silver. (50). (13). Take a piece of cinnabar pai, 1 bhar. Next make bread of the powder of wheat and put cinnabar into the bread. Repeat the process. into 108 breads. Then put the piece of cinnabar into an iron cup, put over it these two things-honey-pai 24 bhar and clarified butter-pai 24 bhar and cook it. When the piece cinnabar dries up clarified butter and honey, then take it out. Next wash the cup or put it into a cup; putting again honey and clarified butter (into it) make fire-fire of coal 4 (Sr.). Like this give it 108 fires. Then it is purified. If 1 rati (of the essence) is taken with beetle-leaf, there becomes an appetite of 2 or 4 srs. Put 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper; (there becomes) gold. It becomes like gold coin. If pure gold is rightly (properly) (correctly) melted, there will come double value of it, true (51). (14.) Take mortar and pestle of black Alangium lamarkii. Rub mercury to. 10 in it (mortar) for 1 or 2 days. Mercury becomes butter like, and fire proved (52) For Personal & Private Use Only

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:-(15) Give tuya (drops) of juice of hotha (a kind of Vanaspati) to mercury to. 1; give gentle fire and tuya of the flower of Hotha over it. It is accomplished. After 1/4 of 1 ghadi (24/4 = 6 minutes) take out the thing, and blow it into that crucible; again give the juice of the flower of Hotha; again make it cool, again, put it for the third time in a crucile and give it the juice of the flower of Hotha. At the bottom swells the essence. Mix it into copper tola 1, gold (53). First process of purification of mineral Calamine. (16). Put mineral calamine twice into the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia or merifolia (Thohar), twice into the juice of Aloe vera and 8 times in the milk of calotropis gigantea. Next (put it) into sambhara salt. Smear its leaves with Alataghita, (a kind of clarified butter), lay out (spread) them into an earthen jar; seal up the jar; give it gajaputagni. This is the essence. Next put pure mercury in a mortar and rub it with the juice of sqeezed citrus lemon for 11 days, and mix it up. Make equal qunatity of mineral calamine and mercury and put them into a crucible and seal it up, put it on fire and heat it with the blowing pipe. Silver (54). True. (17) Put mercury ta 7 and sulphur ta 21 into a mortar and make collyrium (of them). Next give 360 saturations to it with the juice of Aloe Vera. Then it should be put on fire. There does not become smoke; such butter-like thing gets melted (liquefied). When fire gets extinguished, it is accomplished. There becom 23 gold by smearing of the essence on the leaf of silver. (55). *** (18) Smear the Nepalese copper-leaf with Hemakustha (dung of first born elephant) and Bakajala (a kind of vanaspati ?) by piercing it with tanka (thorn). Heat it in fire. There becomes gold (56). (19). First dung of an clephant just born is called Hemakustha. Reduce it to ash and besmear it with the juice of citrus lemon. It is to be dried up on fire like thin crisp cake made of flour mixed with spices. There becomes gold (57). (20) Boil thick curd-water, 10 Srs. Allow it to be crystalized, (Vitaradava), when it becomes curd (crystalized) by getting sparated, then bind it in a piece of cloth just as srikhanda is bound. Take out water (from it). Next put it into a copper vessel. Then put tesadi 1 sr. (into it) like alum. For Personal & Private Use Only

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49 Pour over (it) the juice of citrus lemon 4 sr. and stir it up and mix together. Next give a copper lid to the mouth of the copper vessel. Then put it into Ukarala (eustbin of the village) for 7 (seven) days. Then take it out and get it dried up. Pure essence is accomplished. Money will come on its sale. (58). The Chemical process of increasing carats (21). (Take) one between the two-a little lime and saji (natron); bring green bark of Jambu (Jambulanum) and mango trees. Take out the juice by grinding them. Sprinkle (spread out) it on the gold-leaf having 11 carats by heating it. The original carat (11) increases to 13 and 14 carats.. Thus carats increase. Apply the root or stem or juice of Cle dentrion Siphonanthus and Persian Ricinus communis to tin. (There becomes) silver. Mix 1/4 sr. and 1/4 sr. of the juice of Brahmadandi, and Parasa (Erasdi) respeclively into sr. of copper. (There becomes) silver (by the mixture of these two (50). (22) Put paripa (mineral calamine ? a kind of mineral) and borax ta 1, sal-ammoniac ta-1, Surokhara (a kind of salt ?) ta 1 into the juice of Elephantoprus scaber (galajibhi) and stir (them up). Make three leaves of copper brass and quech them into that medicinal juice) 5 and 7 times, There becomes 5 or 7 carats. If by making light gold (leaf) of carats 3 it is quenced into that rasa,) there become carats 4 and 5 respectively. Quench the leaf of gold, into the oil of Anacardium by melting it, its carat increases to 7. There increases two carats (60). (23). Give the juice of Haranasuri (a kind of vanaspati) by putting tin (in a pot). Silver (61). (24) Reduce to paste mercury ta 1. and realgar ta 1 and cook them into an earthen vessel. Put over the combination the gum-the gum Jambu (of Eugenia Jambolanum) Champa. (Michelia champaca) or girmala (purging of cassia). There becomes the essence. Put it into silver, copper and lead. (There becomes) gold. Then there is Dharasatari (a kind of plant), press (Choli) it in the juice of the vegetable of Lunix (portulacaea) and grind wax, and put silver on them by melting it. There becomes gold of 14 carats. Grind the seed of Side Cordifolia (Balabija) and make its leaves powdered, put them into copper 11 times by melting it. Gold, good gold is produced (62). (25). Dip natron (Saji) ta 1, borax ta. 2, sal-ammoniac ta 3 and lime ta 9 into lt Srs. of water. Next keep that water ta 9 and sulphur ta-3 into an iron pot. Damalanai; gold. Put the juice of Lemparachoenium microcephalum #sr. into tin or zinc by melting it. There becomes silver. (63). For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 (26) Make a cup of zinc ta 9 and put mercury. Crush or grind salt and give it at the bottom of an earthen pot, put the cup (of zinc) over it. Next give cuvo (drops) of the water of upper layer of sour curd on it up to the time till mercury and cup become one. Then mix vala 2 of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold. (64). 27. (Take) sr. of the juice of white Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pilulifera) and give drops to mercury ta 9 (with that) by putting it into an earthen vessel. That mercury becomes lump. Mix 1 masa of it into 1 tola of Kalahi (tin). (There becomes) silver. The juice of sevenfold Datura dries up the water of Vamga (tin) (65). (28) Give drops to mercury with the juice of Harinasuri. Mercury gets fixed. There becomes silver (66). (29) Purify the thorn-piercing copper leaf and put (quench) it into the juice of Jalast three times by heating and heating it (in fire). It becomes gold (67). (30) Rub golden copper pyrite with clarified butter, honey and borax. Heat it and take it out. Next combine that copper with equal quantity of gold, there become 11 carats. There increase two carats in light gold. (68). (31). Melt lead sr. and give drops of urine of ass 5 or 7 srs. over it. Next that lead becomes powder, it pierces the leaves of silver and copper (69). (32) Bind the tablets of sal-ammoniac pai. 3, impure carbonate of soda (lodha saji) pai. 3, oxide of assenic (Somal Khara) pai. 3, alum pai. 3, Samgharayaph (cinnabar) pai 3 and Kaheravo (a kind of mineral) pai. 5 in the juice of stem of candatus (Mogari Kanda) and put them into an earthen pot. They drink (absorb) the juice of mogari-2 maunds. Mix the tablets with butter-like mercury-tola 121. (There becomes) gold. (69x). (33) Bring gymnosporia (Bokala) and get it dried up in the shade. Crush it, weeve it and make 2 srs. of its powder. Melt (liquefy) 1 sr. of tin (trapu) and pour that powder into it. There becomes pure Silver. Pour taruna (trapu) into the juice of Jalasi by melting and melting it. There becomes pure silver. True (70). (34). Do it in the juice of white Trianthema crystallina (Punarnava) just like that. Silver (71). The process of making oil of sulphur : (35) Give 21 patas of ripe leaves of Calotropis (Arkapatra) to sulphur Sr. Oil comes out in the sunshine in a patalayantra. True (22). For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of making Carat. (36) Combine all these-two masas of silver, 1 masa of copper, 2 masas of grain (particles) of iron, 2 masas o bell-metal (Kamsa), 2 masas of zine, 2 masas of lead in an earthen pot and liquefy. While melting, there reamain 3 masas of them, stop it then, give rang to silver. Then melt Hunnano silver 7 ratis, with one rati of Kalka (essence) and with 3 masas of the above thing. Put the essence, while melting them. Put one rati of copper of Thutha. Melt all these. There will be good (pure) gold. If 1 masa of the essence is put into 3 tolas of vani (things,) there increase the carat. Thus true (73). (37). Take out the juice (asava) of grape, again take out its spirit (tejab). Smear the leaves of mica with that spirit. Tap the leaves of mica after their drying up. Mercury will come out. Thus tap them (repeat the process) 5 or 7 times by smearing and smearing; mercury comes out of mica. This is called marvellous mercury. (74). (38) Combine together the pieces of oxide of arsenic (Somal) pai. 5 bhar and mercury pai. 5 bhar and boil them in the water of curd made of the milk of eace (she-sheep)-15 srs. 51 Mercury flies up (disappears) and oxide of arsenic (somal) becomes wax (like). Rub Oxide of arsenic and mercury in the juice of Kakarumda for 3 days. Next put (give) the whole thing into a Dolikayantra. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes silver (75). (39) Rub mercury to. 1, oxide of arsenic tola 1, alum to. 1, borax to. 1 and Samdhava salt to. 1-all these medicines with the juice of citrus lemon in a mortar for 4 praharas. Next keep an iron pan below. Make tablets of that medicine, put them into that cup, put (give) a copper cup over (it). Press both the putas (lids) and give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Get it dried up and cook it in a gajaputa. The copper cup swells, crush that and give 1 or 2 ratis, of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Gold (76). (40) There is Tecoma undulata (Rohido) of 100 years old. Take out the bark of its branch, crush it into powder. Take out 2 srs of bark. Put of that bark into a small earthen vessel. Next take mercury pai. 1. Take lead pai. 1 bhar. Make hard lump with mercury. Put the tablets of mercury and lead over that powder; give over it again that powder of Rohida. Make that powder taghari for 7 or 9 days. There is the dung of a calf of an animal (cow, etc.); make powder (of it) wet by crushing it. Next give a seal to the mouth of an earthen jar (by putting the thing into it). Place that jar into a Velukayantra, put a bottle (below), put sand into a big jar For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 and give fire of 8 praharas under it. On its getting cooled down, mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There becomes) gold (77). *(41) Crushing these three-leaf of Karakaca, pai. 2, Sab thutha (a kind of poison) pai 2 and powder of red wheat, make a crucible. Pur mercury pai into that crucible. Put mercury into that crucible. Next dig a pit into the earth and sprinkle it with water and make it wet. Put (mercury?) into the crucible. Give fire over it for 2 or 4 praharas. Mercury does not flyup. i.e. it gets fixed up. True (78). (42) Take out the juice of pure Gorakha Tambola kind of betel piper) with it. While rubbing, mercury comes up, take it; by doing thus for 24 praharas, make it ball-like. Make a hole into the stem of scilla Indica (Kolikanda) and put it (Ball of mercury) there and close the mouth (of the hole). Smear the powder of wheat over it, cover it with a layer of cloth and clay; let it dry up. Then remove (the layer of cloth and clay) to the sides and take out mercury (from inside). Feed any body with that mercury rati 2 or 3 together with betel piper by putting Ficus Tsiela (pipadi) and caryophyllus aromaticus (lavanga). If a dose equal to 1 or 2 or 3 mandala (a kind of measure) is taken, all diseases go away. There will be double appetite (79). (43). Put sal-ammoniac pai 1 and mercury pai. 1 into agiu (a kind of vanaspati ?) of the inside of brinjal for 4 days and give it fire for 4 praharas. Again crush them and put them into it and give fire to it, for 4 praharas. (44) Now the lesson of the process of Menamudra (wax-sealing). Combine together these things-magnetic stone sr. and particles (grains) of iron sr., milk of gular (a kind vanaspati) 1 sr. and wax sr. and grind them for 3 days. Next make pill (of them). Put the pill into a big earthen jar of water. Ferment the pill into it till it comes up into the water. Next give it fire. Then there takes place the accomplishment of the process of Menamundra. True. The mudra (seal) is to be placed over (it); give fire (to it) for 64 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Thus Bhasma paradavidhih. (80). The Process of making Madanamudra (45) Cast wax (Baba) Sahi 40 srs. into an iron pan; put oil 1 sr. and water 5 srs; give fire under it. As wax settles down at the bottom (of the pan), take it out. Remove the dirt (stuck up) over the wax. Thus do it for 4 days. Next combine together wax ta. 25, magnetic stone ta. 25, milk of Banyan tree ta 25, Betula utilis (bhojapatra) ta. 25, linseed oil ta. 25, old iron ta. 25, pure (good) Katho (a king of lime) ta 25 and Euphorbia Pilulifera ta. 25 and erush (or grind) them up to 3 or 7 days. Sometimes till they become ripe (well-mixed). Thus is the process of wax. Thus is vaidika (Vadyaka) medical process is complete. = For Personal & Private Use Only

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SIXTH CHAPTER (1) First put zinc in tamarind-salt and press, wash it seven times, and purify it. Next make a cup of pai. 5 (out of zinc). Put mercury ta 1 into that thorn-piercing cup. Then fill up the juice of yellow Dodonaea viscosa. (Bandali) up to its brim and place or put a lid over it. Give dipagni below it (cup). Go on giving 2 srs. of juice (of yellow Bandali). Keep the juice up to the brim. After its cooking, when the brim bursts out, then go on mixing the pieces into the cup. When all bursts out, then combine all pieces together, make earthen lids; seal them up; seal them into sarabasamputa (earthen lead) and give it fire of dry cowdung cakes for 1 prahara. Next, on its getting cooled down, take it out. Mix that powder vala 1 into 1 tola of copper; gold. True acconding to tradition. (1x) Make lump of equal quantity of mercury 1, orpiment 1 and zinc 1 and give 3 saturations to the combination with the juice of phyllanthus niruri; close (cover) it in a samputa and give (put) a layer of cloth and clay; give khara (salt) under and over; give it two fires. Mix 2 ratis of the essence into 1 tola of tin. It becomes silver. . (2). Make a leaf of gajaveli (a kind of iron), and drench (dip) it in the juice of Breynia patens or that of Kutari (Kakarasana) 9 times and get it dried up. put it into a crucible. Heat it into a crucible, mix the essence ma. 1 into 1 tola of muhakam copper. Make the leaf of gajaveli iron thin. Bv heating it, quench it into the juice of Breynia,. Do thus 9 times. Break the leaf (of gujaveli) and crush it, give, the powder of it. 1 vala into tin. There will be silver. (3) (Take) sr. of zinc and make its leaf in Sambhara luna (salt): give salt (to it) layer by layer into an earthen pot and close its mouth, give gajaputagni for 1 prahara. Mix then that essence vala 3 into 1 tola of copper (or) 1 masa into 2 tolas of copper, otherwise combine equal (quantity) of each, if not piercing, there becomes silver. (4) Make a cup of silver of 1 tola, put 1 tola of mercury into it. Fill up sand into an earthen vessel, put the cup into it, place it (vessel) on the furnace and give fire of 5 praharas below (it). Give drops (tuya) of Calotropis gigantea over the cup drop by drop till the cup and mercury become one. Next mix the essence vala 1 or masa 1 into one tola of copper. (Gold) For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of Killing copper and making silver. (5) Make a thorn-piercing leaf of copper. Put it into a crucible and melt it. Put 1 tola of the essence just as before said. Next, melt it and quench it. There becomes silver of 21 carats certainly. (6) Fry or roast (bhadatha) oxide of arsenic ta 5 into three branches of Euphorbia nivuiia (or nerifolia), give powder of wheat 21 times over it. Give cowdung over it. Put the standing branch into the fire; place dry wild cowdung cakes on all sides. Like this turn it round. Next make ash of Keli 5 srs (Musa sapientum), make water of khara, salt or ashes and boil (melt) it. Pour it into an earthen vessel and put a ripe brinjal; give a piece of seal into the mouth. After that, place it in a Dolikayantra and (heat il) till the water of ashes gets burnt up (dried up). Then take it out. Next bring gudasari (piece of Ipomea aquatika ?) (Nalini of Chali). Make a hole into it and put oxide of arsenic into it. Give powder (of wheat) and cowdung to it. Give chana (dry wild cakes) on all sides. Next the essence is accoplished. Now the process of purifying Copper : (7) Take mercury, oxide of arsenic, alum and godanti orpiment. Make copper purified, what does the famine do ?. (8) Like this wash (purify) copper and give 1 vala of Somala (oxide of arsenic) into 1 tola of copper and quench the combination into alum. Combine silver with it. There becomes Jotakam (good pieces ?) (9) Give caya (drops) of pueraria tuberosa, Phyllanthus niruri and white (Trianthema portulacastrum.) to tin. Silver. (9x) Make tablet (or lump) of lead & sr. and rub it in the juice of Kuba (lotus ?) 21 times; next rub it in the juice of Kesur (Butea Frondosa) 21 times; the essence is accomplished. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There becomes) gold. (10) Make lime of oyster shell (sipano), mix a little mineral calamine into it, and mix lead into it as said before. Give 30 gajaputas (to the combination). Mix the essence masa 1 into copper tola 1. (There beeomes gold.) Make a leaf of brass ta. 5, combine together the juice of Butea frondosa and that of citrus lemon and rub hamsapaka cinnabar ta 3, salammonica (nave) ta-f and mercury by combining them together, smear the For Personal & Private Use Only

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55 leaf (of brass). Make a hole into a wood of Butea frondosa and cast it (leaf) thus making hole and closing it, burn it for 4 praharas. There becomes gold ! combine some gold. There becomes Jotaka (good combination) or pieces of gold. (11) Jina veti',-take of kalaphul = Samkhavali (Evolvulus alsinoides) and Mehadi (Henna-Lawsonia alb) sr. and Sathi rice-Sr. and cook ksira with them in the milk of ewe (she-sheep) and take it. (Hidden treasure is seen), take it out, after that it is not seen. Make anjan (collyrium) with the root of white calotropis gigantea 1 and camphor-1. This is the process of becoming invisible. Take white Alanagium lamarkii, camphor-1 and patalamadh, (a kind of honey ?), tie (bind) 7 leaves of piper longum (Fucus Tsiela), tie 7 layers of cloth over the eyes. It is dravyanjana. (12) Take these four-pistacia integorrima ? or Sisymbrium irio (Kakasi) -1. Sonchus aruenois (sahadevi) 1, Convolvulus microphyllus (samkhahuli)-1. Citrullus cotocynthis (uttaravarunt)-1, take their roots by reciting incantation (mantra) on sunday. Take them during the time of Dhanistha Naksatra. Put them in the wick of Hiravani (Nagakesasa=Mesua ferrea), make light with clarified butter made of milk of a one-coloured cow. One sees wealth by making seated a woman having devagana. Extend invitation to Trinthema cystallina (Sathoai) on the 14th of Divali, and take it out on the day of Divali and worship it. Next rub it with cow's urine and black pepper. sakins says all names. (13) Rub black sulphurate of antimony (Sarams kalo) 1, pork 1, Placenta of she-elephant 1 and placenta of black she-cat, and wrap them up with eight kinds of metal :- put them into a madaliya (Kavaca) of eight metals. Names of eight metals : (1) iron (2) lead (3) tin (4) copper (5) bellmetal. (6) brass (7) silver and (8) gold. One becomes invisible by putting it on. There is no doubt here. (14) Make a leaf of lead-1 sr. Make a hole into a branch of green Indian like tree and put it (leaf) into the wall, give it grabha (cambium layer) under and over; give (put) a small piece (of cut-out branch) (into that hole) and a layer of cloth and clay over it. Give it hathagni. Gold. (It) becomes fit for putting on as household ornaments. (15) Rub mercury 5 and sulphur 5 in the juice of Bhola (a kind of vanaspati), put it into a bottle and seal it up; place that bottle into a Jalabhajan (water pot), give it fire of 8 days in a Dolikayantra. Take For Personal & Private Use Only

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Patalamadhu before (a kind of honey ?) before the sunset, and Satapuda Kanavira (Seven-leaved sweet-scented oleander) at the root, which has been taken at night, rub these two things and make netranjana (collyrium for eye). Tie or bind 7 leaves of pipala (piper longum) over the eyes of a boy born in padajata or Mulanaksatra. If seen into the mouth of velaka (frog), he sees wealth. (16) Take the juice of wild Amaranthus tricolous var, tristis (Tandalo)4 Sr. and clarified butter -1 Sr. Any kind of poison comes out of the body, if they are taken together. If the juice of Soapalery (Trifoliatus Sapindus) press out of its choli (bark) is drunk with water, all non-moving poison will come out. (17) Make wet (drench) opium, copper, lead, orpiment ta 2, sulphur 4 (ta), thutho (a kind of poision) ta 4, Kalicano (lime) ta=6 in the milk of calotropis gigantea and close the crucible by putting them into it, give it fire of 1 topali (basket) of dry wild, couwdung cakes. On its being smokeless, take it out. Give seven or twenty one putas to them. There becomes the essence. Give it into amalasara sulphur. (17x) Jalayantra : Wash (purify) mercury ta-3 in the water of Triphala-amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica), haritaki (Terminalia chebula) and vaheda (Senecarpus anacardium) and rub it in a mortar for 3 days, in the juice of citrus lemon for 3 days. Make a ball of mercury to.-1, amalsaro sulphur to.-6, sal-ammoniac to.-1 and killed white lead to. 1 with the juice of Aloe vera. Cast it into a Jalayantra and worship Ksetrapala. Then again worship Ksetrapala. (Give it) fire-high, medium and low. First dipagni for 4 praharas, then dhanyagni for 4 praharas, then bhatagni for 8 praharas, then bhatagni for 16 praharas or (give it all dhanyagni for 16 praharas. Next the essence is accomplished. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of silver, copper and lead also. Thus is Talayantra. True. (18) (Take) Harabasi-its name :- (1) rice, (2) Shrebera Surietenioides ? (Naravasi) (3) Rubia cordifolia (Majith) (4) Liquorice root = glycyrrhiza (Jethimadh) and (5) Rheum emodi (Revamcini). Crush these five (things) and take equal portion of each of them. Put 1 masa of mercury under and 1 masa of it over it in a Vajramusa (Strong Crucible); put two rates of mercury with 2 masas of medicine. Mercury swells, mercury should be seen Dhedhun ? But Jina knows the tattva (principle). (Mix mercury) with Ricinus, communis and centipeda orbicularis (earandi and chikani). (Mercury) becomes butter-like. For Personal & Private Use Only

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57 (19) The meaning of do ratta (two reds) and do piyala (two yellows) : . Crush Cinnabar ta lj, realgar to. 14, realgar to. Z, Sulphur to. , orpiment to , oxide of arsenic to i, borax (to) , surokhara (a kind of oxide), (to) + and alum to. j; make a pit of brick measuring & cubic yard. Dig the pit to that extent in which the cup of medicine is fitted. Keep 1 finger of earth below, crush the medicine, and put its powder on the brick in that pit. Put the cup of zinc pai. 6 bhar on it; put pure mercury pai. 3 bhar into it by turning over, turn over (or hold) the cup with light (gentle) hand, put the medicine on that brick and the cup upside down (turn over) on it. Crush brick and close the joint (gap); go on giving pumbhadu (drops ?) of the juice of lemon over it; soak cotton with the juice of lemon and put it on the cup till the cup bursts into pieces. While making fire, keep up to that. First (give) fire little by little. Next on the second day give it fire more and more till the cup breaks up (bursts out) in 3/4/5 days. Up to that go on giving wet cotton (soaked in) lemon juice over it. Next mix lemon of the essence with 1 tola of copper. (There becomes) gold. (20) Make lump of kathir (Kalai = a kind of tin) to. 1 and mercury to. Next give caya (drops) to it by putting it into an earthen vessel with tie milk of Holostemma. Rhudii (Ksiraninu jhag) -9, its stalk (Sing) is big, bigger, than Horse radish (and) it is like Horse radish. (There will be) silver. (21) Pour (put) zinc 1 sr. in the urine of ass 108 times. Mix both in the urine of ass till there remains only pai 2. bhar of zinc; combine together 1 masa of the essence and 1 to. of copper. (There becomes) gold. (22) Keep green Cadaba farinosa Forsk (Teliokand) in oil for 4 days. Keep over it ta 1 of oil more, put lead-1 sr. and cadaba forinosa Forsk { sr. (There becomes) gold. (23) (Take) the water of the medicinal plant Dudhiu (Glory lily = gloriosa supperbia), it exists in the shelter (led) of tank and river, its leaf is like that of ocimum sanctum (tulsi). There exists baribotha on it. But the smell of its leaf becomes like the smell of dead body., if mercury is put (mixed) into its juice, but satguna-sulphup gets assimilated (jarana) into it. It is a great art. Crush it in (the juice of) satpuda (Seven-leaved) Datura for 1 day. Next give taya (drops) to it in an earthen vessel. Silver gets settled; crush it in the juice of Evolvulus alsinoides and Naga-Dhatura. Give it taya (drops). There becomes ash (of mercury). For Personal & Private Use Only

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(24) Crush out the juice of Sonchus oruenois (vernonia cinerea less Sahadevi), cutoria ternatea (girani = garani) and Evolvulus alsinoides (Kalaphul) and Edipta alb (Bhangra) and give tuya to mercury with it; (it) becomes ash. sy and evolvareas alsinoides (Ka (25) Rub mercury ta 4 with the juice of red Ricinus communis (Rakta eranda)-rub it with the juice of gandharva (Ricinus communis) for 3 praharas. Bind the pill or ball of it. Next make powder of gloriosa superba (Dudhiu vachanaga) by crushing it. Then make 2 vatakis (cups) by crushing lead with the milk of calotropis gigantea (arkadugdha). Do as such that Samputa (sara = lid) sits fully on it, put the pill into it, close the lid and dry it up. Next get it dried up by wrapping or (viti) it (with) powder, (Kanake). Next get it dried up by wrapping or mingling in (with) cowdung. Put it into the earth by digging a pit of 12 angulas' depth. Give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes for 12 ghaais (1 ghadi = 24 minutes) in the month of Bhadra. It is true. Thus Ruhagnahya mudrika (ring) is held on (Put on) the waist, there becomes fixation of penis (Sthambhanam), own conception on disease lessness, (Svakalpam). (26) Make pieces of sulphur, and put them into a hole of a big citrusllus colocynthis by making it (in it), press (give) a lid davara) (into its mouth) by putting the gir (kernel) of it and close it. Cook it in the fire of 4 or 5 pieces (of cowdung cakes). Thus cook the same in new and new citrus colocynthis 108 times. Mix 1 masa of the essence with one tola of copper. There becomes gold. (27) Sulphur is fixed in 108 pieces of big ripe Euphorbia nivuiia. Mix copper 1 tola with the essence-1 masa. Make settled and mix i st. of the juice of Aghala (Achyramthus), mercury ta-5, 24 Srs. of the juice of Neem for 7 days, dry up the juice, give heat of fire to it. Mercury becomes butter-like with fire. True. Triturate it (Mercury) in a red earthen Kunda (vessel) and place it in a kuba (shell). The pill (of mercury) thus gets separated. (28) give 64 putas to cinnabar sr. with the juice of sakandara (Soragali) 4 Sr. It is a great piercer; crush Sakandara which is Soragali and extract (put out) the juice and mix it with cinnabar, get it dried up. Give 64 putas (in this way). Crush the copper-piercing cinnabar ta 5 and cissus quadrangularis (Hadasakala) and put the mixture into an earthen vessel, put pieces of cinnabar into it. Cover Ta. 5 Cissus quandrangularis (Hadasakala) with the second crucible and wrap it with a piece of cloth; give (put) it 2 or 3 layers of clay over it. Make powder and lump of 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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59 piece of dry cowdung cake by breaking it. Make the powder of dry pieces of cowdung cake equal and give over it. Next make fire. On its getting cooled down, again, make 2 earthen vessels of the second Halasakala. As explained before, give fire of 2 two pieces of cowdung cakes; if small, give 2 pieces, not more. By this way give 12 putas, give 125 pieces in each puta. Next, the essence is accomplished. Mix copper ta 3 and 1 rati of the essence. Melt silver ta and put 1 rati of the essence into it. Gold. (29) Rub mercury ta 5 in the juice of Mamkanori (a kind of plant) ta. 5, in the juice of Phyllanthus neruri (Bhui avila) ta 5, in the juice of poinciana elata (Samdesara) ta 5, in the juice of Visakhapara (pigweed = Boerhavia = a kind of plant.) ta. 5 and in the juice of Tribulus ter (gokharu) ta. 5 by crushing (them). Put the whole thing into a bottle in a Veluyantra and give it fire of two praharas. Close the mouth of the earthen vessel. This is a best combination. (30) Rub mercury ta. 10 in the juice of the bark of the roof of Poincina elate (Samdhesara) for 4 Praharas and in the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (Dudheli) for 2 praharas. VAL Next into an earthen vessel, and pour borax ta-2 and the juice of ginger ta. 9 into it, close it and heat it for 4 praharas. Rub mercury in the juice of Gymno-sporia spinosa ? (Boklar) for 3 days. Then rub it in the juice of yellow loranthus longifolia (pili Bandali) for 3 days. Put it into a bottle in a Valukayantra and give it fire for 8 praharas. Mix vala of the essence with tin ta. 5. There becomes silver (31) Reduce to paste (or crush) mercury ta. 5 in Amaniya vesi kontoria (Agiyano). ta-10 and Purple lippia-lippia nodiflora (Jalapipar) ta. 10. Put it into a Kodia samputa (a kind of lid) and in Sine-yantra and Veluyantra (respectively). Put (Make) a good seal to them. Give fire to it for 12 praharas. If gajaputagni is given, give fire to it for 8 praharas, it (essence) generates great appetite. Next mix the essence into tin. There becomes silver. (32) Rub mercury ta 9 in the juice of Fudeli for 1 day, in the juice of antichorus (Bahuphali) for 1 day and in the juice of Purple lippia (Jalapipar) for 1 day. Rub it in-pongamia glabra (a kind of oil for making soaps = (Kanajhi) and onion for 1 day and in the egg of hen for 1 day. Next maka 1 crucible of clay (earthen crucible), put ta, 10 of Chotra (piece of 1. A kind of oil for making Soap. For Personal & Private Use Only

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bark or husk) or shell into it by crushing it; put mercury over it, put cho tra over it, close the Samputa, heat (burn) it in a gajaputa fire. On its being cooled down, take it out. Give 1 rati only, it is very much sex-exciting. Add anupana (additional medicine) of the wood of piper longum, (Pipal) to it. If 1 rati of Kesar (Mesuaferrea), 1 rati of caryophyllus, aromaticus (lavang) are taken, there take place an appetite and the nourishment of the body. It is sexual desire-exciting. If it is taken with piper longum, constipation stops (i. e. gets cured); if it is taken with honey and piper, typhoid goes away (is cured). (33) Crush (rub) mercury ta. 5 with the flower of Solanum xantho carpum, make pill (ball) of it, close it into an earthen open crucible (udhamusa), put it into the sand of a river. Keep the mouth of the crucible open, give it fire by putting dry wild cowdung cakes over it. Mix the essence into tin. Silver. Gatha Nagaji Sarimgapure (34) Purify (mercury) paise 1. Next make a crucible of leaf of spanish jasmine = jasminum radiflorum (cambeli)-lova 2. Put the pieces of 1 ta of nut meg = Myristica fragram (Jayaphala) into it by making it just like phasochis mung.-green gram, (Maga); put three-ta. 1 of whole Caryoplylus aromaticus (1 lavang), ta. 1 or 2 of visakhapara (a kind of plant), and pieces of the root of white datura, under and over Paisa. into a crucible of Buti (herb). Next make an earthen crucible, put those things into it and close (its mouth), get it dried up, give it fire of 2 dry cowdung cakes. White lead settles like silver. True Nagajikstam (done by Nagaji.) (35) Jalasi (a kind of vanaspati) is of two kinds. One kind is like the leaf of ocimum Album (Tulasi) and Bhedi (white bassil ?) and the other is of thick leaf like pipali (Piper longum). Know that like thohariya Saji goes. Know that it is born much in the swamps behind the temple of Haruman (monkey god) on the bank of the river. Mercury is fixed (in that), there will be money. True. (36) While going to the temp!e of Hanuman, first there will come, Jalasi born in the swamps (dubasi) in the drain (Nala), it is called galasi. it is bitter and pungent (miri tari and Kathik) like Tulasi (Ocimum Albama), rub butter of mercury in it for 7 days. Its flower is of 4 petals. There become two-things white and yellow (Silver and gold.). Copper coin becomes white in the khapara (juice) of Kalaphul (a kind of vanaspati) (convolvulus microphyllus). For Personal & Private Use Only

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61 (37) Mercury swells in red Convolvutus microphylus or Evolvulus alsinoides (Ctenolepis cersiformis) (Samkhaholi). Melt tin sr. and powder of gynundropis pentaphyla (Tilaghanita) pai. 1 in an iron cup, keep it and stir it up, with a spoon for 1 prahara, (tin gets) killed; just like this it gets killed in the juice of Euphorbia antiquorum. True. Tin becomes best. True (it is) beneficial. It is done by Indaraji Nagaji. (38) Crush lead pai. 1, sulphur pai. 2 and realgar pai. 1 and close them into a small earthen vessel. (Then) give it gajaputagni. It (essence) becomes like the colour of the neck of a peacock, it is beneficial. True. (39) Melt (1) horse tooth, (2) tooth of ass, (3) tusk (tooth) of elephant, (4) the inner essence of the horn of a cow and the inner essence of the horn of a goat and Abrus precatorious (cinothi). Take out the essence of these six and put i tola of silver into it; it becomes pure silver. svak. If (the essence is) put into tin, there will be silver. (40) Cut black Bhodala (raw mica) like silver (rupaia) (coin), crush and make silver (coin). Next spread out 1 masa of silver on 1 tola (of Bhoqalapatra); give (place) them layer by layer-the leaf of mica (bhodala), over it surokhara (a kind of salt.), over it the leaf, again surokhara, again the leaf. Put them into a paper vessel or a light lid (Sarab), and sprikle water. Give heat to them a little with four cakes of dry cowdung. There becomes gold (hemavarga). (41) Heat the pieces of sulphur in the light of a lamp by putting them into an iron cup, put (give) a cup of sugar (a chinese cup ?) inside or over the iron cup. Do it as such that it remains 1 finger high. Take the upper cup, as bigger than the lower under cup. It is true that the half of sulphur comes out, dip (drench) iron into it for 2 days. svetabhasma. (Silver gets reduced to ashes). It is beneficial (when it is mixed with the essence). True. (42) Fill up powder of copper and grain of sulphur into a doll and sprinkle water over it, it becomes hot. Put (place) the hand over it, say 'your disease is gone' for it has come here. This is miracle. Take a dead leech on Sunday, give fragrance (dhupa) to it for 8 days from Sunday to Sunday. Next on the second Sunday, turn the leech and burn it with fire of pieces of sticks for cleansing teeth. Next take ashes of the leech. Mix it with sweet on the festival day. Apply just a little quantity of measuring a sesamum on somebody. The effect is enchanting (Vasi) Rsi Dudadattamnayah. (According to tradition of Rsi Dudadattamnaya). For Personal & Private Use Only

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SEVENTH CHAPTER The process of purifying Mica (1) Give 1 puta (roasting) of Eclipta alba-wedelia calendulacca (Bhangra) to black mica, 2 putas of datura meta, 1 pata of Calotropis gigantea, 1 pata of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagadudhi), 1 pa, of purple tephrosia (Sarapamkha), 1 pata of adventitous branch of Banyan tree (vadavai), 1 puta of cow's urine (to it), each puta followed by the heat of fire for 24 minutes (ghaoi). Visama jvara (typhoid fever ?) goes away (if the medicine thus prepared is taken), it is to be taken with butter made of she-buffalo's milk; all types of gonorrhoea (sychotic diseases) go away (i.e. cured) (if it is taken). If cuminum cymnum (jira) is taken with vasi pani (old water), of 6 months, the disease of Rakta pitta bloody (bile) goes away. If taken with the juice of ginger, cough and dysponoea (breathing trouble) go away. If taken with rice water, epilepsy goes away and hiccough also goes away. (2) If collyrium is made with caryophyllus aromaticus (lavang) and citrus lemon, all diseases of the eye go away, give anupana (trituration parati = *rati ?) with honey. * Mutrakrcchata (Scanty urination) stops (gets cured), if it is taken. If caryophyllus with clarified butter rati-2 is given to a patient, his Jholo (a kind disease) goes away. If one dose measuring only til (sesamum) is given with rice water, Mabarakhi (not identified) disease goes away. Huka, Cuka, Nala, Barahalla (not identified), astagulma (8 kind of tumour) go away. If it is taken with water, giddines stops, arthritis (or gout) & bhrama coranigi (not indentified) disease go away, If mug, rice, wheat, clarified butter ta-15 and rotla are taken, the (weak becomes strong). (3) Make powder of black mica-1 sr. by grinding it. Keep it drenching in the human urine for 21 days. Next grind it in the juice of pita-holola (Yellow Myrobalans), make paste with the combination of mercury (rasa); give it fire in gajaputa, again grind the medicine in sach juice, give it gajaputagni. Thus give it fire 21 times. That is, good mica is produced. For Personal & Private Use Only

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63 (4) A Tantric incantation. "Aum Hrim srim Klim Aim tvam Cakresvari samkhacakragadapraharini mama darsanam Kuru kuru svaha. This mantra is to be recited, 108 times in the evening. She will tell of auspicious or inanspicious things. (5) Put (fill) coral i sr. and black mica ta 11 (srs) into an earthen vessel, fill it up to that extent (cas) till (as) they get sunk into the milk of Aloe Vera. Give them gajaputagni. Take the clay of the house of a potter. Next dig a pit equal to the height of the waist (of a man); fill two gathadis (bundle) of dry wild, cowdung cakes into the pit, place the vessel on fire of 2 bundles of dry cowdung cakes, fire becomes bright. Again and again, thus give them fire seven times. The essence benefits that much like mercury. Its price value will come as demanded by mouth. Sell 4 parikas (doses) for Re., 1 make fire strong. Cough, breathing trouble and semen trouble (gonorihoeal disease) stop. (i.e.) get cured. Give fire for 4 praharas. (6) "Om salutation to Bhagavati' make and make heavy rain in such a village. Attract and attract 12 pieces of cloud, svaha." The process of worship. Make 3000 recitations of this mantra, make worship of the goddess with fragrant flower, make sacrifice with gugala (Balasmodendron, mukul, Kanavira (sweet scented oleander. ?) clarified butter, milk and sugar, for three days. Loud showers rain. There is no doubt here. (7) Crush Agrai Bodara (ash of lead) and allow it to remain in the fermented juice (liquor) of grapes for a day. Next give if fire. White Bodara is produced by rubbing. "Patra vale, bhakte akahu kam Ravipure" 1. Make big tablets by rubbing the wood of Neem of 300 years old. Give paisa (copper coin) under and over them. (Put) white copper in the juice of narrow-leaved Sepistan (cordia Rothii). (8) Take grains (powder) of copper, with the persian Vorek (borax). Make a hole into Biya, fill paisa bhar of the juice of Horse radish tree, There becomes white copper. (9) Make the pieces of the root of pentapetes phoenicea (Boporiya) and boil them in Tamdalaja. (Amarantus polygamous) till the vegetable is well cooked. Next take it out, boil it in cow's milk in a Dolikayantra. Then crush it, a pill of it measuring a tuver (a kind of pusle) is to be taken with water. Besides, salty and sour things are not to be taken, but only curmu(ladu For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 of wheat with clarified butter and gud is to be taken, bread is to be taken, sweet rice, sugar and cold drink of sarvat, are to be taken; every kind of botl goes away, within 7-14-49 days. It is said by Mamgalaji of Navapura. (10) Take pupalia lappacea (gadari), its another name is kostu, put sulphur into it, cinnabar becomes best. (It is) said by Bhaktivijaya. (11) Sulphur becomes white by crushing. Melt it and heat (it,) crush it in silver (?) put the medicine. There becomes gold (of) 11 carats. (12) Grind (or cut into pieces) the leaf of Tecomaundulata (Rohida tree). Mix goat's milk into it. Fix mercury by keeping it in an open crucilble udhamusa. Put that mercury 1 masa into I tola of tin. There becomes silver. Now the process of dealing with wax : (13) Crush (or grind) all these-red lead (Plumbum oxide = Sindur) pai,-1, wax pai. 1, iron dust pai. 3, magnetic stone (camak pasan) pai. 4, Katho (a lime-lime) pai 1, makhapista pai. 1, lime pai. 1, lac-pai. 1 and natron (sarjikhara) pai. 4 and filter them in (with) a piece of cloth by crushing them all. Rub them with the oil of Anacardium for 3 days. Then (there is) accomplishment, it is true. It is written (by) Hitavijaya. Process of treatment of wax. (14) Put together wax pai-2, magnetic stone pai. 1 and mercury pai. 1 into the milk of Aloe vera as much quantity as possible into the milk of Vata (Banyan) and combine them together; again put grains of iron (iron dust), make them fine, combine them together, put that much of the combination into the oil of linseed and grind and grind it. Put approximately. ta-3 or 4. Next crush them with iron hammer, and combine them together. (It is) Menamundra (the process of wax). (15) (Take) Vateria indica (candrasa) Sr., Betula Utilis (Bhurjapatra) Sr., linseed oil 1 Sr. Make small pieces of Belula utilis by cutting it with a Scissor, boil the whole thing (it) till it becomes hard. Next beat (crush) it by taking a hammer and a spaner (Sarast); as it is beaten (crushed), so it becomes soft. Then put it into a Jalayantra. As it is put (given) there, so there it remains the seal (i.e. closed) for 16 praharas. True. Make Yantrasta bajaradrsam. There remain two seals over it. For Personal & Private Use Only

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65 (16) Crush magnetic stone to fine pieces, crush it with human blood and put it into a Jalayantra and give a hard seal so that water does not break. Crush these five thing-searth (clay), husk (fotra), prahina (not identified), chalk, jhiko (not identified), sea-salt (Saimdhava) and make a crucible by mixing them. It will be a hard crucible.' Menamundra : The Process of wax seal. (17) Take lead sr., milk of Ficus glomerate- sr., milk of Calotropis gigantea t sr., leaf of Butea Utils ta. 5, Yogini ta-5, Muyali ta 5. Boil Betuda utilis ta. 5 and Muyali in 1. Sr. of water; next make them into pieces in a pot of bell-metal, Menanudra is produced. (18 Fry kalicuno ta. 30 and Samkhanabhi (naval part of conch shell) ta. 45 with linseed oil ta. 75 and take them out, and seal them up, and go on giving cuya (drops) to the powder of salt pai. 2 with the (juice of) Anacardium for 3 or 7 days by crushing, Khara (Salt). Menamudra is accomplished. (19) Make the essence of sulphur ga. 1., realgar ga. 1 and mercury ga. 1. Make a lead and smear it with the essence; give 3 putas (roastings) to the leaf of lead. That lead gets killed and (gets converted into) silver; ga. 4 gold. (20) Crush all these-copper ga. 5, mercury ga. 3, realgar ga. 2, borax (ga,) 1, and natron ga. 1 in the juice of Vaaidudhi (Euphorbia pilulifera) and smear the leaf of lead or copper with the essence and heat it in fire. Silver. (21) Melt lohanarina (iron ?) ga-2 and mercury ga-2 by putting (them) into an open crucible. There becomes the essence. (22) Boil the leaf of Kathira (Kalai = tin) ga. 16 in the urine of ass; melt 8 karsas of salt and tola of lime, combine mercury ga. 8 into tin and boil them. Next melt that leaf by wrapping, put the essence ga. 1 into it. Having brought cyperus rotundus and carmaghasa (a kind of grass) and press their juice (out of them). Put mercury into it, give, (put) a covering of cloth and clay over it. Next plaster (wrap) cowdung over it and put it into (the fire of) dry wild cowdung cakes and cook it (the whole thing.) Next crush Kadahru, grind (gum of cochlospermum gossypium, put it into he milk of she-goat and cook it. Next melt tin and put mercury into it. Silver. (23). Take out oil from realger 1, orpiment 1, sulphur 1, mineral calamine 1, borax 1, white mica 1, and Anacardium-masa 1, (by heating them) in a patalayantra. Mix copper into that oil and melt it, in equal For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 proportion of copper combined with half sud of calamine into an earthen vessel together with oil Anacardium bha. 7, milk of calotropi bha. 7, Echinops Echinata (Jvala-mukhi-teutakato) bha, 7. Next combine these twosilver ga. 2 and copper ga. 10, melt and heat, crush Mungya barley and make bread (out of it). Thrust pieces of orpiment into it, put that bread into an earthen vessel, heat it in a closed crucible and give lid (to it), make ntle fire, burn (heat) it till there becomes silver. Next make a leaf of tin (Kathir), give orpiment under and over it. Then put + rasa (merci next give it 21 saturations of calotrops gigantea. Mix ga. 1 of silver with 1 tola of copper, Mix half silver. It becomes Narahadi (24) Combine together pure, (purified) mercury and purified lead. Rub them with the juice of Udarkanni (Ipomaea remiformis) for 1 day. Next rub (them) in the juice of Amarathus (Tadalaja = Tricolour var Tristis) for 1 day., rub (them) with the juice of Rativoni. (a kind of vanaspati) for 1 day, in the juice of Aradusa (Ailanthus excelsa Rox) for 1 day. Next make the cake of Adad (a kind of pulse). Put mercury and yellow clay into that cake with the juice of datura and make a pill (bill) of both. Put killed lead and mercury into the pill, place that pill into an earthen vessel; fill the veesel with salt. Next give it fire for two praharas up to 5 days. Then purify sulphur with double the quanitity of mercury and lead. Put the pill over it, put the leaf of Tamarindus Indica and give it cover. Burn it for 2 praharas upto 5 days. That is, it is processed. (24x) Make pieces of copper ga. 32 and sulphur ga. 1 just like (the size) of Zyzyphus jujabe (bora); give them 7 patas (roastings) by wrapping them with a piece of paper. Next bring i maund canoali (lime). Give half of it under and half of it over that thing, put sulphur in between them. Put a cover (lid) over it and give (put) a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next place it into the furnace (Nibha) of a rotter when the furnace becomes cool, take it out. Take out 2 handfuls of lime. There becomes bright sulphur where the paper gets burnt. Take that. Then combine that sulphur, and sulphur of the market ta. 1, and mercury ta. 3 by crushing them. Make a cake (or paste) by crushing them in a mortar. Mix 4 ratis of pilhi (cake or paste) into 1 tola of silver. There becomes 11 carats of gold. Melt it by mixing the powder (dust) of copper just equal to silver. There becomes 10 carats-gold. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of making 14 carats (Gold) : (26) Give 24 saturations of the water of sal-ammoniac (to gold). Next put it into a glass casket, then pour Khadapani (grass water ?) into an earthen vessel, put the casket into the body of dhrakhag, lit fire under it. (Heat) it till there becomes water, then take it. Make the water of mercury double than all things of the casket. Then combine both the waters. That is, Rasa is accompished. Melt 1 tola of the Nepalese copper and mix with it 1 rati of the produced rasa. There becomes 14 carat gold. The process of making parapani (Water of mercury) (27) Make a little water of sal-ammonic ta. 30, put mercury ta. 10 into it and rub it. First keep separate a little water of sal-ammoniac, put that water little and rub (mercury), when all (whole) thing is rubbed, put it into an earthen vessel, put a lid over it and a layer of cloth and clay over it. Place the vessel on the furnace (oven), make dipagni for 1 prahara. Again take it out. Put the whole thing into a mortar, pour that preserved water of sal-ammoniac little by little and rub it, again by, (according to) the first method, put the whole thing into an earthen vessel, and place it on fire, make dipagni for 1 prahara. Thus give it fire 23 times. Next put the whole thing into a glass casket, spread out straw into an earthen vessel, put the casket into it and place it, (vessel) on the furnace, give fire below it, till the thing of the casket becomes water. Thus is the process of making water of mercury. The process of making the water of sal-ammoniac. (28) Bring sal-ammoniac, make a hole into a bringal by cutting its stalk (bita), take out the kernel (garbha) of the brijal and fill sal-ammoniac into it, fill the Kernel into it, give the piece of the stalk into the hole, put it into a paddy of 1 prastha and boil it there. Sal-ammoniac becomes water. Cook croton tig., Cassia anqustifolia and Dolichos biflorus in water in a Dolikayantra for 1 prahara. Next take the whole thing out, combine together 1 tola of Cassia and 1 tola of Hamsapaka cinnabar, and rub them in the juice of Aloe vera; thorn piercing copper leaf with that paste. Put it into a fresh sarab (lid) and give it gajaputagni (by) putting a layer of cloth-clay, give a puta (roasting). to it till copper gets killed. Next, mix the dust of copper equal to silver and melt. There becomes 10. caratgold. O = 0 = 0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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EIGHTH CHAPTER (1.) Liquefy lead 1 sr, and give drops (cuya) of Alata (a kind of Vanaspati). It is to be stirred up with a wooden piece of Butea frondosa. When the thing gets reduced to ash, take it out. Next melt silver ma. 2 and the essence ma. 2 together, gold. (2.) Give 7 saturations to mineral calamine ta. 1, mercury ta 1, orpiment ta. 1, realgar (ta) 1, alum (ta) 1, white glass (svetakaca) (ta) 1,seasalt (Saindhave) (ta)-1, natron (ta) 1, and borax (ta). 1, with the milk of calotropis gigantea. Next smear the leaf of copper (with the essence), heat it three times in a covered crucible, pour it into the urine of ass, butter-milk and cowdung. It becomes silver. (3.) Combine purified mercury ga. 10 and purified lead ga. 10 and put them into an earthen vessel, place it on a furnace (oven), give 14 cayas of. Hamsapadi (a kind of vanaspati) to the mixture. Stir it up with the wooden piece of Buta frondosa (palaga) or Ailanthus excelsa Rox 6 (Aradusa). Smear the essence on the leaf of Copper bha. 12 and silver vala 8 and melt them. Gold. The king of Rucaka' and Lacaka? informs thus. (4) Make pieces of human hair i Sr. measuring 2 fingers long, by cutting it. Next put 1 seer of lime and 1 seer of natron together into 2 seers of tiger's urine and boil them. When there remain 5 seers of urine, take out good essence. Then put hair into that urine and hold it on fire till all pieces of hair get melted. Next pound 1 seer of realgar, 1 seer of orpiment and 1 seer of mica and make cake of them. Rub these things with the urine in a mortar. When all urine gets mixed up (absorbed), take out the thing and get it dried up. Next make piui (cake) by rubbing tili (seed of sesamum ?). Put it into a glass casket and give a layer of cloth and clay over it (Sadhara). Then place it on the furnace, give clay to the left and right side of it, give much, give fire of Khicali (coal, wood, etc). Take it out, on its getting cooled down. Hair and essence get separated. Mix the essence ga. 1 into copper gadiyana 16. (There becomes) silver. (1). Not yet identified. (2) Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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69 (5) Combine together kathir (Kalai = tin) 2 srs., sea-salt 3 srs, and milk of Borassus flabellifer (palm) 5 srs. and put the combination into an earthen vessel. Give a lid over its mouth), close up the joint thickly and dry it up. Again, if there becomes a gap, (crack), give clay to the joint. Do as. such so that the smoke does not come out. Place it on the furnace, lit fire under it by setting fire with Tamarind wood. Give it dipagni till salt and milk attain dryness (or fineness). There becomes silver. The process of Purification of Kathir (Tin) (6) Make a leaf of Kathir, next bring many flowers of Calotropis gigantea and give (make) a dathar (layer) in a vessel. Put thc leaf over it, put flowers of calotropis, next place it (vessel) on a furnace, keep it on charcoal fire under it for 2 praharas. Then take it out. Thus is the purification of Kathir. (7) Make the leaf of Kathir thin, next take alum and Samkhiu Somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic.) Ancro Somala khar (a kind of soamlkhar ta 14 and 2 respectively. Put $ sr. of juice of palm (tali) into a matheri'. Give 7 patas (roastings) to that leaf. Dry it up in the sunrays. Next take 5 srs. of pieces of Kalicuna (lime of oyster shell) and fill an earthen vessel or jar with it. Bury that vessel into the ground npto its brim. Then put the leaf into the lime of i vessel (jar). Fill lime over, it, then pour tadi (juice of palm). Next seal it up immediately with clay. Keep it for 3 days by sealing up its whole mouth. Next take out the essence. It (leaf) becomes silver.. (8) Make equal parts of each Rasegha (a kind of metal) - 1., Morathuthu (a kind of poison) 1 and mineral calamine 1 and combine these three-silver bha. 1, copper bha. 1 and powder of Rasegha, etc. bha. 1. Put them on fire, put cinnabar vala 2 after thir melting. (There becomes) gold. (9) Drench cinnabar in the juice of Bhuirigani, (Solanum Xantho car... pum) 21 srs, put 200 tolas of its fruit into that cooked mixture. Make the smearing of the gum of purging cassia (or Cassia Fistula) on the leaf (or leaves) of copper and silver three times. Jogividya-1 or 2 Put together rasa (mineral) of sea salt (Saindhava) and lime (Cuna) by combining them and pour Kathir (a kind of tin) 108 times. Crush 1 Sr. of (1) A kind of carthen vessel. For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 kathir and 24 srs of lime Kalicuno = lime of oyster shell) and put the mixture into the leaf of copper and make it cold. Put rasa (mineral) little by little, do not put it at once (at a time). Next on its getting cooled down, take it out. (There will be) good silver. (10) On the 14th of Divali at midnight, besmear Jalaphula (a kind of flower) with clarified butter and make its wick. Make carbon (masi) with it. Stick it to the cloth of a woman at quiet time at midnight. (She will be) enchanted (Vasi) and will not leave (your) waist. (11) Crush or reduce the paste the root of Marahati (a kind of vanaspiti) with mercury and also in the juice of Thistle (Echinops echinata) (Utakta) and crush also datura (thorny apple) ma. 1 and Achyranthus aspera ma. 1 in the juice of Euphorbia pilufiera (dudheli) ih the juice of Hyoscyamus Nigera (Kharasani) in the juice of plumbago Zelylanica (citra) and in the juice of aqutic Eclipta alba (Jalabhangra). The essence is produced in Jalayantra (a kind of apparatus). (12) Take mercury-ta 5. Crush, Tranyamali (a kind of vanaspati) as fine in Jhikaka (a kind of vanaspati) for a day, in the juice of Aloe vera (kumari) day and in water of liquor for 1 day and rub mercury into it for 7 days. The essence is produced in Jalayantra. (13) Wash (purify) mercury by (partly) mixing it into the (Juice of) Sweet citrus lemon. Give drops (tuya) of the juice of Vagadana (a kind of vanaspati) to sal-ammoniac. Give fire to the earthen pot by putting the whole thing into it. It becomes dhani by swelling. (14) Purify mercury in sugar till sugar remains white. It becomes black. Next rub it in the juicc of Bhitabhedi (a kind of, plant) in a mortar for 40 praharas. Next put it into an iron pot and stir it up with an iron rod. Put the juice of yellow Myrobalam (Terminalia chebula=Halola), Give fire of wood under it (iron pot). Put the juice till mercury becomes lime (cuno). (Take) dose equal to the size of rice, appetite becomes double. Salty, and sour things are to be given up. Ga. Rabha (sa) amna. (15) Make a hole into a Amorphophallus campanulatus (Sarana) and fill cup of Nagachikani (Centipeda orbicularis). Put the leaves of Kalhira (a kind of tin) over that. For Personal & Private Use Only

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:71 Put 1 masa of mercury on the leaf of pai 1 bhara. If there is kathir pai. 1 bhar, take Chikani. Pai. 2. Put the leaves layer by layer, close it by giving a gadabacu (piece of surana). Put a special cup on it. Cover it up with the layer of clay and cloth and burn it in fire. Silver. (16) Drench Emblic myrobalan, (amla) pai. 14 and sulphur (umtiu) pai 1 with the juice of lemon for 3 days and apply the thing on affected skin. Lukharasa (Urticaria), eczema, leucoderma and itching (Kharaj) disappear by (the application of this medicine), i.e. get cured. (17) Dip (drench) mica in the juice of Kamtaseliya (a kind of vanaspati) and put it into a shieve (calani) and then put it in the sunshine. Mercury comes out of it. (18) Take Malaphi (a kind of mineral) to-1, mercury to-1, golden pyrite to-1, bodara (a kind of mineral prepared out of copper), to. 1, realgar to. 1, rayasimghal tola 1, Keravo2 to. 1, candrasa (vateria indica, to 1, hiradakhana (calamus draco) to. 1, jamghala to. 1, thutho (a kind of poison) to-1, gali (indigo) to-1, mastaki - (pistacia hentiscus) tola-1 and salammoniac to. 1. Rubbing these fourteen in combination with the juice of betel, fill (put) the content into a bottle, fill it loose, give a seal into its mouth after getting the juice heated on increasing and increasing fire for 8 praharas. (Put) mercury of the 1st bottle, measuring a rai (mustard seed), pour the juice of black Eclipta alba into mercury. Silver. If such bottles are seven the seventh becomes Seven-dhatuvedhi (piecing metal). (19) If Pegami sal-ammoniac is available, put to. 2, add mercury to. 10 (to it), and make the previous action. The test of pegami is that copper which is given over the cup upside down becomes gold. (20) Washing Test : if it is drenched (dipped) in the juice of siddhi (Vegetable Ronnatt or Cannabis Saliva and flown, it does not fly. If it is done seven times, there becomes Pegami Navasara. (21) Rub these two-the juice of bud of campa (jasminum ocfficinale binnchamba), ta. 20 and oil ta. 20 and heat the mixture and put lead ta. 4. into an earthen bowl and make fire under it. Give drops (tuya) of the bud of capa-the essence. Mix 1 rati of this essence with 1 tola of silver. (22) Put mercury 1, Sulphur 1 and alum 1 into a bottle and give fire to it for 4 praharas. It (the essence) is best in taking. (1) Not identified properly. (2) Not identified properly. For Personal & Private Use Only

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:72 (23) Pound (or crush) these three-bhaji (vegetable = 57%) of Vasana-1 (a kind of vegetable) agiu 1 (a kind of vegetable), lajaluchatiu 1 (a kind of vegetable) in mercury. Next rub them in a mortar for 4 praharas. Give it (combination) fire of wild dry cowdung cakes 4. in a saravasamputa. Mix 1 tola of mercury (Jaqe = Para) with 1 rati of Kalka (essence). (24) Pound lime of osyster shell-ta-5. and mercury ta 5, with the juice of Aloe vera up to 1 prahara. Give it (combination) fire in a saravasamputa. Ash of mercury is thus killed. 84 Vayus go away. In joints mercury becomes panya.' It becomes vedhaka (piercing). (25) Give patas (roasting) to ash of mercury to. 1 and gum of Amjharu 2 to. 1, with Codhari Hadasamkali (cissus quadrangularis) for 7 days. Next give them 3 putas (roastings) in the juice of the flower of white sweet-scented oleander (Nerium odorum), get them dried up. Next close the thing into a bottle of glass casket. Give it fire of 50 wild dry cowdung cakes by putting it in a Velukayantra. It is said by Khambhati ksatriya. (You) know that. (26) Rub (triturate) mercury ta 4 in the juice of datura (thorny apple) and in the juice of Aloe vera. Copper gets burnt, there becomes ball (pill) with copper. Next rub it in the oil of datura and keep it in oil. There becomes mouth. (27) Rub mercury in the juice of Radhagali, (a kind of vanaspati), rub it in the juice of datura, next rub the oil of datura in the juice of Radhagali, fix it, fix it into a bottle for 15 days. (28) . Put mercury to. 1 into an egg and close it into the powder of wheat (i.e. close the hole with the paste of powder of wheat). Next put 4 sts. of lime into an earthen bowl. Put the egg in the middle and close it by keeping its mouth open. Fill it with water, place it on fire by making fire. Put again water by knowing when water becomes less; give it fire for 21 praharas. Gutika (pill) is produced.; get it dried up by putting it into milk. There becomes mouth in it. . (29) Rub (or triturate) mercury ta. 5 in the juice of Sesbania gladiflora (Agastapuspa) for 7 days and in the juice of datura for 7 days. It becomes like thick paste. Put it in citrus lemon and close it. Place it into an iron pan in a Velukayantra by filling it under and over with sand; give it fire for 32 praharas. There becomes gotika (pill), it becomes hard. Next make a hole into a green Butea frondosa and put it (gotika) into it and close the mouth. Give a cup of silver into its mouth; heat and melt it and bind (fix) the tablet or ball (goli), then put a layer of cloth and clay over it and cook it in oil. There becomes mouth in it. 1. Not properly translated. No doubt it means that mercury is helpful in rheumatism, 2. Not Indentified. For Personal & Private Use Only

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* 73 (Take) mercury ga. 2, and a piece of wood of Nieem, a ripe green piece of wood; do not seperate the branch from the plant (tree). Make a hole into it and put that mercury into it. First put vermillain (simdura), close its mouth, next put mercury, putting (setting) a piece of seal into it; give the dry dung cake of she-buffalo. If the branch remains green, know that it is accomplished. If it gets dried up, there does become not the mouth, keep it for 6 months. (30) Combine mercury ta. 1, semen ox ta. 3, and green Vitriol or iron sulphate ta. 6 into tin and rub them in the juice of Alhaji maurorum (javasi) for 3 days. Smear two tin cups (trapuvataki) of C/ sr. Make 3 Kharadas, smear inside of them, get them dried up in the shade. Next give the layer of cowdung and clay over them, heat or cook them separately (asambaddha). There becomes powder. Next give 3 saturations of the powder. Then put 1 bhara and fix (bind) (mercury). Make worship of Bhairava. (31) Make pill (or tablet) of Hamsapaka cinnabar ta. 5, Sulphur ta. 5 and godanti orpiment ta. 5, in the juice of Aloe vera and dry it up, put it into a pot. Close it and give a layer of cloth and clay over it, place it in a Veluyantra and make worship, give it fire for 5. praharas-first-dipagni, second-madhuragni, third kalagni and fourth hatagni; like this. Give it fire for 5 praharas and purify the content. Give it for 3 days 8 times. Make thorn-piercing leaf of Zinc, give it 21 putas in the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum) by heating and heating it, and 21 putas in the milk of calotropis. Put it into Bhuka (husk ?) and crush (pound) it. Next give it 7 putas (in the milk) of Aloe vera. Then make a ball (goli) of it, next put it into a crucible and give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next place it in a Valukayantra and make worship and give it fire for 5 praharas-Madhuragni, third Kalagni and Hathagni. Then make offering of grains, etc. Sprinkle honey, next take it out. If it remains raw, again give it fire for 1 prahara. Pour Triyoni ga. 1 into the dung of parhi buffalo vala 14 twelve times. Make the leaf of zinc purified in green ajamo (Trachyspermum ammi Syn arum copticum or ptycholis ajawan). Next bring milk of calotropis gigantea 5 srs, combine five salts into it-Saimdhava salt ta 4, samcala salt ta-4, Kacalavana ta. 4, natron (sargi) ta 4 and sea-salt ta4. Pound or crush these as fine and put them into an earthen bowl, put inside it i salt under and salt over the leaf. Over that fill milk of Calotropis gigantea 5 srs; over that put salt and close it by giving lid over it. Put the bowl into a pit and keep it there for 3 months by filling it up For Personal & Private Use Only

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and it should be seen by taking it out. If it remains raw again, give milk of Calotropis gigantea 24 srs into it in a bowl; close it and place it into the earth for 3 days. Rub posehasa (a kind of mineral ?) vala. 10 and tikho (chilli or iron ?) ta. 5 in the juice of datura sr. for 4 praharas and rub them in the juice of Nahi (corallocarpus epigauys), rub them in the juice of Marahathi (Spilanthus oleracia) i sr. and put them into a crucible and give (put) a layer of cloth and clay over it and heat it in fire for 8 praharas. The essence is accomplished. (32) Take both mercury. 1 and Samkhi (Somala) (oxide of iron)-1 in equal portion. Rub them in the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum, rub them in the milk of Calotropis gigantea; give puta (roasting) of Ricinus communis to them. Put the whole thing into a bottle and make a strong (tight) seal (into its mouth); give it fire for 4 praharas in a Valukayantra, give it mandagni (gentle fire) for 1 prahara, hathagni for 3 praharas. Pal de. po. 1 na (or) 11. Next combine (Khujode) equally. 2 srs of powder of old Jowar and $ sr. of salt; make 2 breads in the milk of Calotropis gigantea, conceal or cover Somala (oxide of arsenic in one bread and put the second bread over it and close them, fry them in the oil of Ricinus Communis. On its becoming hard & red, take the thing out, Put tin da 2, and padu (not identified) gadiyana 2. into Nala 1 (Phragmites karka ?), make a hole into a lemon, put realgar inside by cutting, a piece and closing it. Cook it in the fire of straw of wheat. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Do thus 108 times, 2 or. 1} of pradekha, thus of brinjal 100 times, of branch of Euphorbia antiqunrum 100 times. Just as its quality. Take Vayukumbha (a kind of vanaspati) and lead in equal portion. Take green Vayukumbha (careya arbored ?), wash blackness of lead with lemon by pouring it into its juice, next make a thin leaf of it. Put it inside Vayukumbha by taking out its kernel. Put (fill) lead that much into it, put a layer of cloth and clay over it and burn in fire. On its getting cooled down, take it out. (33) Fix Naga-pila (lead and gold) and takho iron) with, Alangium (Akalakaro) I, and Amaryllida ceae (curculigo orchiodes Musali 1, make pill just equal to the size of a gram with the juice of betel leaf. . First make fead purified, remove its blackness. Melt that lead 4 sr. and iron sr. and make a hole, crush (or pound) orpiment i sr., rub it in the juice of garlic and Aloe vera, rub in the Juice of Aquilaria agallocha 1. The meaning in not yet deciphered. . 1. The mi For Personal & Private Use Only

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(Harsapadt) for 3 days, rub it for ghadis (72 minutes). Put it into a bottle and place it in Valukayantra, give it fire for 12 praharas, change (i.e. repeat) 3 bottles. Rub pra 1.depo (Kho ?) 1 in a mortar, put it 1 or 5 times, again change 2 bottles, the essence becomes red. Rub pradepo 2 fourteen times. Melt trapu (a kind of tin) { sr; pour it into the curd made of milk of she-buffalo 7 times and in lime 3 times. Next heat pork i sr. in these two bottles in a Valukayantra on fire for 14 praharas. There becomes gold. If there is no bottle, do it (make the process) in a small pot. (34) Put cinnabar janavadi (pai) 4 bhar and oil Janavadi (pai) 3 bhar in an earthen bowl, put pieces of cinnabar, and oil Janavadi 3 and close it. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it; give it fire of dry wiid cowdung cakes 3 srs. Do it thus 42 times. Take sutu 2 tola 1 and Swo 3 (khuto) (tol.) 1; next melt pranun 4 to. 1, put that sutu 3 by adjusting (pressing). Mix (put) long pipper 10, semen of cow (ox) 10, cinnabar 5, realgar 5, and orpiment 5, in the juice of Kakasi (Sisymbrium irio linn) for 14 praharas. Next put the whole thing into a small box of zinc actually weighing pai. 4 and give (put) 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dry it up on fire of 1 prahara. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Crush (pound) it for 1: prahara, then melt pradepo 1 and put ha. 1 (gold ?), grind both of them, mix them together. Quench both of them in the juice of Dhakano (a kind of vanaspati) 1 sr. and Pamdu (not identified) to. 1 by heating and heating them till there is (liquid) rasa (juice). Next put rasa * sr. into an earthen bowl, give 7 layers of cloth and clay over it and heat it in fire for 4 praharas. Good copper is produced from silver. Next pound takho (black pepper) to. 1 and pamdu (not identified) to. 1 in the juice of khapara (Pigweed) = punarnava (Boerhavia Diffusa). Make tablets of it and put them into an earthen bowl, give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Rub Hamkhal to. 1, Mix Su(tu) 1, zinc ta. 25, Khada ta. 12 for 4 praharas by making a hole (Khach (ja) (into the bowl ?). Next give the whole thing 108 saturations of Aloe vera. Then put realgar to. 1 into them and keep it steeped. Next make 2 open crucibles excreta (earth) of earth-worms, give them fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-2 srs. Thus give them fire 108 times. Rub Po. 1. Pour milk of Eup (1) not identifiable. (2) not identifiable. (3) not identifiable. (4) not identifiable. For Personal & Private Use Only

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horbia Antiquorum 44 srs. Oil 44 Srs., and the juice of datura 3/4 sr. into an iron pan and give the cake of Udad into them), give it fire of wood of Calotropis gigantea for 4 praharas. Take it out in the morning. Keep it up to the evening, allow it (to) settle. (34x) Rakr. Karaga , mineral calamine, cinnabar, varanari?, give tasu, (making) jari rati. Vatrisi" 11. Give randi mundi, bhau5 holds the umbrella-the king of great mandala (kingdom). (35) Take cinnamon bark (taja) pai. 1, Alangium lamarki (Akalkaro), Rheum emodi pai (Revamcini) para (mercury) 1, make a cup of silver' to. 1. Put these things into it and crush it. Next drench (put) the wine of Muhuaa (Bassia latifolia)-5 srs. and the juice of lemon 5 srs. into the cup. Next when khicaai (hotchpotch) 100 srs. bubbles, then put the whole into it. Then close the mouth and make smearing over it. Aum Salutation, ma mamauli manurani avya jani ulahamtyari sakti ham; him Aghoramantra svaha 10200 japah (recitations.) Amsta Samijivanividya-Siddhih. 1, Not identifild. 2, Not identifild. 3. Meaning is not clear 4. Not diciphered. 5, Not Icear . For Personal & Private Use Only

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NINTH CHAPTER (1) The processing of hill-water is written : There are four colours of hill-water, viz. (1) white, (2) yellow (3) red and (4) black. (1) One is ksanavedhi (piercing in an instant), (2) One is praharavedhi (piercing in 1 prahara), (3) One is dinavedhi (piercing in 1 day), (4) One is linakovedhi (piercing in 8 days)., (5) One is 15 dinavedhi (piercing in 15 days,) (6) One is 90 dinavedhi (piercing in 90 days). (7) One is satmasa-vedhi (piercing in 6 months) and (8) One is varsadinavedhi (piercing in one year365 days). Three woods have fallen in that water and their leaves also have fallen : Take that (water). Aum Salutation Salutation to Siddhvesvara. Purify mercury in that water. Keep it for two months, there it becomes like fire when heated. Next give fire to that mercury (i.e.heat it), it becomes limelike. Put it into a brinjal and burn it in fire (give it fire). It becomes Naga-Vamgavedhi (capable of piercing into lead and tin). If it, having the size of half of a rice, is taken one can enjoy 100 women. If it is taken with clarified butter, it makes the human body deathless. And if mercury is kept in the hill-water for 12 or 21 days, it becomes gutika (pill). If that mercury (copper ?) is kept into the mouth, whatever work is done by reciting the aforesaid incantation becomes successful. It is the process of all arts. (2) Pound vikol or that Khacikoa; if you rub it in cassia angustifolia (Sonamukhi), it becomes Naga-vangavedhi (capbale of piercing into lead and tin). True. If it is taken having half of the size of grain of rice anything can be eaten. It makes the body deathless, true. (3) Rub mercury in hill-water. If kept in Khirakanda (bhumikusmanda) (pueraria tuberosa) and next kept in hill-water, mercury gets fixed and makes mouth. It is the process of thousand arts. ' 1. Not known and identified 2. No known and identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(4) Gutika (pill of mercury) becomes Ulamta-gadamta and piercing. Take it into a pot of long gourd or Xanthoxylum alatam, it does not stay in any other pot. Mix that gotika into water. Drink one spoonful of it. While the sun is rising. One will live for thousand months. (5) Mix mercury into Ferula foetida by making a hole into it, give a lid over it. Wrapping (1) vala in the tail of a cow, mix it into hill-water. That mercury gets fixed and becomes soft. It is the best Naga-vamgavedhi capable of (piercing into lead and tin). If it is kept into the mouth, it strengthens much, (i.e. gives much strengh). (6) Rub gold to. + and mercury to. 4'in a mortar. Make a hole into the wood of sivan (Gmelina arborea). Put it into that hole) and give a lid into it. Next keep it in hill-water; it becomes stone-like. Reduce it to ashes. If that ash equal to i the size of a grain of rice is taken, one goes up to 1000 gaus. (7) Rub cinnabar 1, orpiment 1, sulphur 1, realgar 1, and mercury 1 in hill-water. Make holes into the wood of Sivan (Gmelina arborea) and Butea monosperma (Khakhari) and burn mixture by putting it into them respectively. It becomes Sarvadhatuvedhi capable (piercing into all metals). (8) Location of Hill-water is written (1) There hill water at Kalyananagara, (2) at Girnar, (3) at Taranga, (4) a Gahuyari, (5) at Vegarvala (6) at Gaura parvata (7) at Tumgiya, (8) at Bhopagiri parvata, (9) at Amadanagar, (10) at Bhatamara, (11) at Paranera, (12) at Girimara, (13) at Bumdimna (grama), (14) at Bagalana, (15) at Kanyari, (16) at Dharanagara (17) at Sulapana (18) at Ratnamala and (19) at Abu. There are many other places (where hill-water is located). (9) Fill (put) all these-lead 14 srs; black sesamum 14 srs., gola of Ingara (Balanites Aegyptiaca)-14 srs., ripe Aegale folia 14 srs, Anacatrium 14 srs, raw oil 14 srs, old kernal of cocoanut-14 srs., mustard seed-14 srs and, tarmeric 14 srs. into an earthen bowl by grinding them all (in a mortar). Mix Aconite ferox (vacenaga), give Vasanu (masala) under and over it; give a seal of chalk and salt into the mouth of the bowl. Dig a pit measuring 1 yard in length, 1 yard in breadth and 1 yard in depth, (gajaputa) and fill it up with goat's dry dung-cakes, put the samputa (lid) into it and give it fire for 11 days. White lead is produced. 1. A length equal to krosa. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(10) Rub mercury in Asam avoken (a kind of plant) and Euphorbia pilulifera for 7 days and in the juice of red branch of Achyranthus aspera. There it becomes A. Kho. A. da1. 79 (11) Melt somala (somalakhara) = oxide of arsenic masa 1, zinc ma. 1, borax ma. 2, and copper ma. 4 in an open crucible. Dalam (particles) gets combined; quench good iron-leaf in the stool of cock vala 14 in an open crucible, in molasses-vala 14, and in sal-ammoniac vala 14; iron is produced, put the leaf inside. (12) (Take) Kasumdina, (Negro coffee plant = cassia occidentalis) 1-sr., big gamdhayani sr., leaf of Nagori (cyperus pertenulis) pa. 1, and seed of Dolichondron falcata (mithasimgi) pa. 1; put two leaves in between layer by layer, place the whole thing in a samputa (lid) and put 3 layers of cloth and clay, give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Thus do the process two times, silver is produced. (13) Mix orpiment with clarified butter, rub it in the ash of pippala (Long pipper) 5 srs. and Khakhara 5 srs. (Butea frondosa). Mix orpiment with cassytha filiformis (amari), mix it into an earthen bowl (earthen potsherd), give ashes of those kinds under and over it. It becomes ash; smoke comes out. Then give ashes, give it fire for 2 praharas. Silver is produced. (14) Rub mercury with barley, etc., next cook it with milk in a Dolikayantra. It is to be burnt. (15) Take mercury sr. & realgar sr.; melt lead and put powder of realgar into it, i.e. reduce them to paste. This is to be known from guruparampara. Grind these three together, fill the mixture into a glass casket. Fill (put) that casket into a yantra. Fill that yantra with sand particles. Give it fire for 8 praharas, make dipakaca (dipakagni ?) in a furnace, put the yantra on it. That is, cinnabar is produced True. 108. (16) Crush cinnabar pai. 1 and lead pai. 2 finely and make 2 musus (crucible) in the juice of datura. Put cinnabar into that crucible and close it. Make the ball of vibhuti (ashes), put the ball of vibhuti into that. Make the ball ashes of goat's dung melted. Close the ball of vibhuti and give it fire for 2 praharas; white cinnabar is produced. (17) Combine cinnabar pai. 1 Ci, (nothi) (bead tree) (Abrus precatorius) pai. 3, tabakhira (Curcuma angustiforia = Indian arrowroot) pai 3 and Muragi Chaleta-(a kind of plant). Cinnabar is produced. 1. Not yet deciphered. For Personal & Private Use Only

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80 (18) Make fire of bark (Chala) of sakha (branch) of -5 sr. crush, datura 1, garlic 1, onion 1, ginger 1, Balanites roxburghii (imgoru)., lead, Anacardium and oheander (Kanera), crush cinnabar in the cuya (drops) of these, next put it on fire, it becomes ready. True. (19) Burn (heat) mercury sr. in jhika-(a kind of plant or product of plant) for 1 prahara and in the powder of turmeric for 1 prahara and in Aloe vera for 1 prahara. Next take it out by washing. Then rub it in the juice of Kumlil-red Vadavai (Ficus Bengalensis) 5 srs. for 7 days by taking out its juice. Next cut it into pieces. (Take) Valavai-2 or 3 srs. and grind (pound) it, place it into an earthen bowl. Put a piece of cloth over it, cover up Vadavai and close it, give fire to the earthen bowl for 4 praharas. Take it out on its getting cooled down. Next boil the tender leaf (or leaves) of Kakasi (Sisymbrium irio linn) in a little water and crush and take out its juice; grind and rub that mixture in that (rasa) as before; give it fire for 4 praharas. The process is accomplished. It is a great success. It is (the grace) of God. Take Valavai of 4 fingers in length, it is red. (20) Put mercury ta. 30 into a Chinese pot. Fill it with the urine of donkey-25 srs., close its mouth, keep it into a village dustbin for 6 or 7 months. Perhaps (if ever) the urine does not get dried up, keep it there for a month again. Pra de. prahara 1, ha. 1. The Manibhadra pill is (used) in (the case of) old fever. (21) Make a lump of mercury ta 5 and trapu (a kind of tin) ta. 5, cinnabar 5, Trigalu 15, Caryophyllus aromaticus (lavanga) 5, Ficus Tsiela (Pipali or Piper longum) and Alangium lamarkii (akalakaro) 5 in the juice of Ocimum Samctum and in the juice of betel leaf. If a pill measuring a gunja is taken, all (types of) fever go away, (22) The mixture of lemon. 1, dried up date (Kharik) 5 and mirikana (grains black pepper)-4 is administered in the case of a patient suffering from bile and goes, together with caryophyllus aromaticus and Migri (condensed sugar) and the diet-Khicadi of rice and pulse-Tuyar with clarified butter as much as liked by him, all types of fever go away. This pill as Jagavantavali. (23) Reduce to paste mercury ta. 9 with ocimum sanctum for 1 parhara, grind it with Noheral for 1 prahara. Next combine (mix) pure sulphur ta 9, realgar kaneriu ta. 7, Somala Khara (oxide of arsenic) ta. 34 by crushing them. Pound them to powder. Bring one big earthen bowl of big mouth. 1. Not yet deciphered. 2, a kind of vanaspati. For Personal & Private Use Only

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81 Make a round piece of white' mica by cutting it and put it into that (bowl) and close (cover) it with a new lid or plate (carudo = vasana), put mercury over that mica. Cover it up again with mica, make 2 pieces of candal. Put the plate over it, close the mouth so that smoke does not come out. After that, fill sand into the jar (above) upto the brim. Give it fire for 3 praharas (1 Kaparadi) by giving (putting) a layer of cloth over it. Best medicine (is produced); (it is to be taken) with honey and pipar (long pepper). Appetite will be felt, it is sex-exciting. True. It is very much good. Sa(ha) Amicandavalo. (24) Take cinnabar ta 1., mercury ta. 1 and gola (garbha = core) of Ferula (foetida) ta 1. Make pill out of them measuring the size of a gram. It is good in the case of impotency. Take out the bark of the root of Kharasamdiya (Euphorbia) Tirucalli linn = Milk Bush ta 21, Ajamo (Trachyspermum ammi symcarum copticum or Ptychotis, ajawan) ta. 11. (Take) this much every day. Thus (for) 40 days; (it is good) in (the case of) impotency. True. Round tumour goes away (by its use). It is the best of all opportunities. Dry up the bark of the root of Sarakhandiya (Kharasamdiya ?) in the shade. Combine together the two-its powder ta. 24 and ajamo ta. 24. Make the process with water every day for 4 days. In the case of impotency this Gangavali (medicine) (is good). (25) Rub mercury 4 sr. into a jhika (jhika ?) (a kind of vanaspati) for 1 prahara, in Aloe kera & in turmeric for 1 prahara each. Rub mercury sr. in the juice of Ocimum Sanctum i sr. Make it lump and rub it in the juice of Babacino (Purple Fleabane = Psoraha corylifolia) 4 sr., rub it in the juice of Marehathi. (Spilanthus oleracia) + Sr. and Nagaladudhi (Euphorbia pilulifera) i sr. Sakamdara which is just like Sarakhandiya, the leaf of which is like Jhliharu (Biophytum sensitivum) the flower of which is yellow. Its leaf is like that of Samkhaholi (Ctenolepis cerasiformis). But its juice is very much sticky. If it does not come forth, take it with "Ocimum sanctun. Boil that Juice i sr. & the Juice of Sakandara and take it out, put it into a Dolikaynatra. Make 4 balls by making lump of the juice of Amkoli (Alangium lamarkii) { sr. Make 2 crucibles of clay of potter and get them dried up. Put the balls into it, and close it. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it, give a layer of cloth and clay by crushing salt and coal, give a layer of cunokatho (Lime), salt, chalk on one joint of the earthen pot; give the other 3 as said before. Give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay. By drying it 1. Silver ? , For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 up bring katho 1, put 1 earthen bowl over that, put Samputa (lid) over that, give it fire of i or 3 maunds of dry wild cowdung cakes. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Make 60 pills by combining mercury to. 1, Kesara (Nagakesar = Mesua ferea) to. 1, Javantri (Myristica fragrans) to. 1. and lavimga (Caryophyllus) aromaticus to. 1 with the juice of betel leaf. All types of fever, cough and chillines (cold) go away by partaking of this medicine. The pill is called Mahadeva Vyasavali. All (types of) fever go away in 7 or 8 days. (26) Rub cinnabar ta. 3 with lemon (juice of lemon) for 4 ghaais. (96 minutes). Rub mercury ta. 3 in the juice of ocimum sanctum, combine together these eight things-Jayaphala (Myristica fragrans) ta. 3, Akelakari (Alangium lamarkii) ta. 3, dry ginger ta. 3, Pipari. (Ficus Tsiela) ta. 3 and black piper ta. 3; crush (pound) them with the juice of lemon and make pills of them, equal to the weight 2 grains. Purify vachanaga (Aconite ferox) and mix it into milk ta. 3 as said before. Having ground (or crushed) lemon piece 1, black piper 4, Misri (Condensed Sugar). ta 24, make 4 eces of pill, Next (make drink) these four things; fever goes away, if used, in four days; in the case of small boy, give pill equal to the size of 1 bhar. gram. Give the pill to a patient of bile by crushing it in grapes, give the pill to a patient of gas by crushing it in Jayaphala (Jatiphala) (Myristica frgrans), give it to a patient in the case of typhoid fever by crushing it with the juice of lemon, as it is marvellous. (27) Give small leaves of Datura 3, 3/4 by wrapping them with (in) molasses for 3 days. Intermittent fever tryahnik and caturahnik (tertiary and qustidan) fevers will go away; it is experienced (experimented). Gopaladasa Jhavelivari. (28) Make pills of mercury ta. 2, malla (oxide of arsenic) = (Somalakhara) ta. 1, black piper nigrum ta. 2, dhusa (pa ?) ta. 1, 2 borax ta. 1 by combining them with the juice of lemon, measuring the size of a gram. A11 fevers go away.. Mahadevavyasavali ... (29) Grind (or crush) lead ta. 3, cinnabar 3, purified in milk, with the juice of lemon for 4 ghaais (4x24 minutes); reduce mercury ta. 3 to paste in the juice of ocimum sanctum, combine these three and grind Trigadu (sunth, maric and pipal) ta. 9, Myristica fragrans ta. 3 and Alangirum lamarkii in the juice of lemon for 4 ghaais (4x24 minutes). Mix these 8-things and make pill measuring the weight of 2 grams. Fever goes away. For Personal & Private Use Only

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83 by its use; if it becomes chronic that pill should be given to the patient with the juice of lemon, Misri (condensed sugar) ta. 2, and 4 black pipers. In regard to the diet he is to take khicati of rice and tuyar dala (pulse) with ghee (clarified butter). Give gauli ghee-kita (seed) for-3 or 4 days, all fevers go away. Rheumatic fever also ,(goes away). (30) Fry the seed of Kakaca (a kind vanaspati ?) with ghee (clarified butter) and take it with sugar, it is good in the case of impotency; gas of the abdomen gets cured. It becomes sex-exciting. The second kind : administer this medicine to a patient by combining these four-juice of betel leaf, juice of ginger, juice of onion and juice of satavari (Asparagus raceimosus) together i sr; honey ta. 5, clarified butter ta. 5, every day upto one month. Lost sexual power returns to him. (31) Rub orpiment Sr. in the juice of 33 lemons for 12 or 21 days. with the juice of onion for 1 day, and in the juice of Aloe Vera for 1 day. Next dig a pit, put the pali (big pill) in an earthen bowl, make thepali light (thin), dry it up, put it inside and seal it (bowl) up; give lid over it, place it into that pit and lit fire of dry cowdung cakes, for $ prahara. Toladi of the above is produced... (32) Give taya to pane po.1 in the juice of Nanahino (net yet identified) for 12 praharas. Give it tuya in the juice of Kasendra (Cassia Occidentalis) like that. Give tt taya in the juice of bhasmasuta phudedi,2 give it taya (drops) in the juice of Udarakani (Ipomaea reniformis)., Give it tuya in the juice of best Nagarjunidudhi (Euphorbia pilulifera); give it cuya (drops) in the juice of Vanakhada (a kind of vanaspati). Mercury is reduced to ashes. (33) Mix the juice of Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pilulifera) into the juice of Navagada (a kind of vanaspati), then give (it) gajaputagni. Mercury becomes silver-like (by the application of the juice). (34) Mercury becomes fixed by charapampoti. with its tuya. Rub mercury in the juice of Charapampoti (a kind of vanaspati) for 7 days; it is killed with a little puta (roasting). (35) Fill the juice of Je(m) je(m) vanti (Leptadania reticulata) and the juice of piper beetl-these two, into an earthen bowl; put a tola of mercury into it, (how ?) 1. not yet identified. 2. not yet properly translated For Personal & Private Use Only

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.84 Take a green piece of cloth which is come across on the head of a woman who as has not yet given birth to a child. Wrap mercury with that, put - it inside an earthen vessel, seal up its mouth. There becomes mercury makana gamdhima paisi (vaisi ?) There becomes silver, (or white mercury like butter ?) *** (36) Crush together these two-suro(Khara) (a kind of oxide) to. 1 and borax to. 1. Put the whole thing and 2 tolas of Sesamum oil, into a new earthen bowl, and give fire to it. After the burning of oil, again crush (rub) them for the second time. Next make a good crucible. Then put i medicine under and i of it over it. Give Panil to tunine:2 Next chew bete leaf and spit (on-it), then close the mouth of the crucible. Then give it fire-dhanyagni for 4 ghadis; it is produced.3 (?) (37) Rub, Kalicuno (lime of oyster shell) pai. 10 and mercury Pai. 5 for 6 days. Next wash the same. Lunit will come, take that. Next it remains (exists) in lime, take that by blowing in Dolikayantra. It goes and (mercury) becomes fixed. (38) Rub mercury ta. 1, alum 1, sulphur (ta) 1 & borax ta 1 together and heat the whole thing in a crucible and give a puta (roasting) of 4 dry wild cowdung cakes. Nage po, sa. Ra.5 12, put the juice of Sahadevi (Sonchusarnenois) Samkhaholi (Ctenolepis Grasiformes) and Bhangro ta. 3 (Eclipta alba) into an earthen pan, fill water into it) in such a way that there remains water 3 fingers less (from the brim). At night, put it into rasa (mercury ?), give it fire for 4 ghadis (4x24 = 96 minutes) by increasing it gradually, next put water into it, go on rubbing it on the hands (palms), it becomes hard. :-** (39) (Take) a cup of lead weighing pai. 5, (put) takho (black iron-?) ta. 5 into it, fill four handfuls of sand into it, sprinkle (water) till that cup swells up (is filled up). By making lump, rub Khahipo (not explained) kha. Alpa (javasi = Alhaj. Maurorun) ta. 10, takho ta 5 in the milk of Euphorbia pilulifera for 2 ghaais. Close it up and give (put) a layer of cloth and clay over it, give it fire, of 3 pieces of dry wild cowdung cakes, again on its getting cooled down take it out and crush it, thus give it 7 putas 1. Not deciphered. 2. Not explainable. 3. Not clear what is produced. 4. Not explained. 5. Not clear. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(roastings) of Dudheli (Euphorbia pilulifera); thus give it 7 putas of jhila (Indigofera pauciflolia). Next give it Kurkaputa of Bamdadi (li) (Dodonaea viscosa?). Next grind padepaho1 ta 1 and takho (ta) 5. in the juice of ghodaringani (a kind of vanaspati), crush it in the juice of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi). Make lump and put it into Euphorbia nivuiia (Thohara) which should be ripe and old, fill the juice of ghoda rigant into that (vessel) and close it with the powder of Thohara Euphorbia nivuiia; put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Burn it in gajoputa fire. There becomes silver. (40) Rub Khahipo2 1 and crush green Dodonaea viscosa. (Nilibamdali) and make lump. Crush orpiment ta. 2. and Tavakhira (Crucums angusti) ta. 2 into that (tema) and boil the whole thing by giving less water, (or a little hard grains of rice) for 2 ghadis. Next that rasa (mineral) gets melted. (40X) Khahipo3 Khamina Mudra. Take wax ta. 9, lac ta. 9 and Rala (a kind of wax) ta. 9, make wax hot (heated) into a lota (pot). Next put lac, after that put Rala, (resin), next mix the powder of Khadir (Acacia catechu) into (of) an iron grinder, ta. 9. Next put magnetic stone ta. 9, Mastaki (pistacia lientiscus) ta. 5, and Mudo Pahana (Mudo stone) ta. 9. 85 (40Y) Mudra in the medicine of Menamudra : Lit fire and put sulphur into an oil bottle into a Jalayantra; crush it into a mortar of iron, having a big mouth for 1 day. Next seal up the bottle and put it into the Jalayantra. Mudra is accomplished. That medicine is to be kept by making a kundu of clay having the capacity of containing water measuring 5 srs. such a light (kundu); put kuntuya into that. Crush (rub) 3 things into that kuntuya (iron mortar), fill 5 (times ?), rub takho (black iron) ta. 3, lonas (salt) ta. 3, amalasaragamdhaka (a kind of Sulphur) ta. 3 in the juice of Marahathi (Spilanthus oleracia) (ta.) 1. next in the juice of Chikani (centipeda orbicularis) for a 1 day, if green (wet ?) is not available, bring dry one 1 sr. and boil it in 8 srs. of water and keep sr; rub the same into that for 4 praharas. Next make a lump (of them) and put it into a kantuya vessel and allow an earthen lid (to) be fitted over it, put it into the mouth of kantuya in such a way that it remains 1 finger (angula) high above the mouth of kantuya. 1. Not identified. 2. not yet identified. 3. Not explained. For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 Next give menamundra (seal of wax); close the border (line) of the seal by the side of the brim of the seal in best possible way, keep a hole in such a way by the side of the brim of the seal that a small mustard seed falls into it. Pour cold water (into it) and take out hot water upto 8 praharas, put cold water and go on taking out hot water, give it fire for 18 praharas. On its getting cold, take it out. (41) Pound this medicine khahipo1 1, khapi.2 Rub all the (undermentioned) medicines in the juice of Aloe vera in a separate mortar-all medicines for 2 praharas; mix the two. The names of those medicines are written; Mastaki (Pistacia lentiseus) to. 1, cinnabar to 1, borax to. 1, alum to. 1, takho (a kind of iron) to. 1, Sulphur to. 1, Samkhio Somala (a kind oxide of arsenic) to. 1, Bodara (an essence of lead or oxide of lead. Silajita), (letumen), godanti haratala (a kind of orpiment). 1, Navasara Iunie (sal-ammonica) 1; rub all these eleven medicines such as Mastaki, etc. in the juice of Aloe vera; grind each medicine in the juice of Aloe vera and combine them together. Make pradano Samputa, (a kind of lid), make 11 pills of medicine in combination of (with) Dhalo sr. and Upalyo (long pepper ?)-ta. 9, put into them Samputa, close it by putting a lid over it, and covering it with a layer of cloth, and clay over it. Close its joint grains of clay, put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it, put it (Samputa) into an earthen bowl. Crush 1 srs. of salt and spread it out under, put Samputa over it. Give a cover of clay over it. Allow the lid (to) be seated into the mouth of the bowl (vessel), seal it up well so that smoke would not be able to come out, make fire (heat it into fire) for 8 praharas. Take the wood of Rayana (Mimuh sops hexandra), make dipagni. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Next open the samputa, pat the nails (hoofs) of horse masa 1 into it. (There will be) silver. (41x) And put into the Samputa as many as pills of medicine like mag (phaseolus mungs) are there and the nail (hoof) of horse masa. 1, give a seal to it (Samputa) as previosly done. Do as such mudra-lavana is. Heat it on fire for 1 prahara. On its getting cold, take it out, gutiko (pills) are produced. Po. Khaniinala1, worhip Bhairava, sacrifice = bakula (Mimusops clengi ?) Vada = vata (Banyan tree), balaka (Colens vattiverioides), mahuda (Bassia heatporia) molasses, its dhana, (grain), make recitation of Svasti, recite the mantra to make the grains of rice fly. Put on light by mekiang the wick of lump of ghee (clarified butter). (42) Go on putting lead and leaf of Neem; go on stirring them up with the stick of Neem. Lead gets killed in on earthen vessel in a prahara and turns yellow. Next shieve it and rub in the urine of a sne-goat, 1. Not indentified. 2. Not explainable. For Personal & Private Use Only

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87 which has not given birth to any kid, for 12 praharas. Take an earthen bowl which may contain (hotch potch) of 1 sr. Put tablets into that and close it with lid, give it fire for 6 praharas. It becomes of Vermillion colour. Next take it out and put mercury pai 1 (into it), chew ripe betel leaf and Kathocuno (lime) and go on spitting it, go on grinding it for 12 praharas. Next close it up and give it dipagni for 6 prbharas. Close the bowl with a (Kodiu) by covering it. By giving lid into the the mouth of the bowl. Put chalk, Kathocuno (lime) and molasses as done before, again seal it up with such mudra (device = seal). By killing lead in the leaf of Neem, next place it again in the juice of cuscuta reflexa (Amstavelli). Na. Raghunatha giriu. (43) The process of Calomel Perchloride of mercury. Cook mecury 1 sr., green vitriol 1 sr. and Sanidhava (sea salt) 1 sr. There become Rasakarpura (Calomel) by this process. (43x) Close tin sr. and bhilama (marking nut = Semecarpus anacardium) sr. into the horn of a buffalo, put it (the thing) into fire of 2 baskets of dry wild cowdung cakes. Om - 4 kinds. Make 1 rotalo (bread) of soft leaf of saga (Indian teak tree), make two breads of Bassia latifolia (Mahuda). Thus make 3 pieces bread in all. Next bring pure zinc and make bread by melting and purifying it. Next bring an earthen bowl, put the bread of Bassia Latifolia into it, put the bread of leaf of Indian teak tree over it. Next put the leaf of zinc over it, next put bread of Bassia latifolia over it. Next close the mouth of the earthen bowl and put a layer of cloth and clay over it, give it fire of dry wild cowdung (pieces), burn the clay on the fire. Fire is to be given for 8 praharas; put gold 12 into it, give it the second Pata (roasting); it becomes gold ? (44) Give 7, patas (roastings) of lemon to mercury 1 Sr. and 1/3 sr. of sal-ammoniac, j sr. of sulphur and realgar ta 9 and get them dried up. Fill them into a casket (or bottle), give it fire. Cinnabar is produced. It is of 4 paktis (pakas). (A5) Make Kajjali (black sulphide) of mercury or aethop's mineral of mercury ta. 5 by rubbing them with the juice of sonchus aruenois (sahadevi) and rub them in the juice of Vitisakraunte gyularis (Codhara hadasakali), put the whole thing into a crucible and seal it up. Give it fire in a Valuk, ayantra for 5 praharas-dipagni, madhuragni, kalagni, and hathagni-thus for 5 praharas 1. Prane Khao hasa. 1. - 1. Not explainable without commentary. For Personal & Private Use Only

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88 (46) Take Somalakhara (oxide of arsenic) and pure sabu (Soap ?). (Take) milk of calotropis gigantea - 1 1/2 srs. and 2 srs. respectively and rub them with It. Next make pills of them and put them into a crucible, and give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next give it fire in a Velukayantra for 5 praharas methodically. Take out the whole thing and worship it. Pra. dekh. hava 10. (47) Make the thick bread of zinc thick, give it pata (roasting) of lime, give it fire for 4 days. Next chew betel leaf and throw the spit into it. Next burn it in the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Thus there becomes suto (rupo ?) (Silver ?) (48) Make a cup of zinc. Next take milk of Calotropis gigantea, put salt into it, gets burnt; then put the upside down into an earthen vessel. Next make fire under it; it then grind it and give it tuya upto 3 months. Then give it suryaputa (roasting by the sunrays) for a month. That cup becomes powdered-if not, give pata to it again like that. Close Pade. 2 Pour the juice of Achyranthus (aghada) ta. 9 into a fresh earthen vessel, put copper tola 3 (into it), put Somala (oxide of arsenic) 1 masa, (into it), stir up the whole thing, cover it up, give it gentle fire (mandagni). Take it out on its getting cold. If it is bound by pouring it into a piece of cloth, the goti (pill) becomes marvellous. (49) The juice of Ravaloliya (a kind of plant) is very strong (urgalo valoli), (take) 6 Srs. of its juice and stir it up, with a branch of Calotropis gigantea. It is of 2 Pamktis (Pakas), give it fire of Calotropis gigantea, and stir it up in the juice of Wedilia Calendulacca (Bhangra). It gets reduced to ash. (1) Fill the root of castor, the root of Vadavagni, (a kind of plant) and the root of Datura with salt into two earthen jars (Kundas) of equal size. They are valaviryam (strength-and energy-giving). When reduced to ashes they are equal to the full moon in lustre. (2) Take the excreta of pigeon, gunja (Abrus pricatorius), mercury and borax, sarjikhara (natron), calotropis gigantea in triputa. Copper becomes (white) like moon. (50) If copper is smeared with mica, mercury, borax, natron, excreta of pigeon and milk of Calotropis gigantea, its blackness is destroyed by one puta (roasting). 1. Not diciphered. 2. Not clear. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(51) Give conch-shell to mercury by baking it, give it to oxide of aresenic by killing mercury. (52) Good alum is given puta (roasting) in milk, mix 1 masa of essence into 1 tola of lead. (Silver ?) (53) Take mercury ta 4, skin of the horn of sheep ta 4, hoof of horse ta. i; take tips of them and put (them) into gajaveli' (a kind of iron and steel,) it melts; take iron pai 21 & Rasega; iron melts in copper, give mineral calamine pai 1, molasses ta. 9 under and over (it). Give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Thus give it fire 3 times. (54) Grind cinnabar pai. 1 in the juice of Aloe vera and give Bishops weed (Trachy spermum ammi syn caram copticum) (ajamo) under and over it. Thus give it fire 3 times, reduce mercury to paste in borax, give it dipagni 3 times. Next, by grinding these three, pound (them) in the juice Mesua ferra (kesudi). Make two tablets of them. Put silver and copper plate inside and give the gum (gund) of Butea frondosa (Khakhra) over and under, heat the whole thing in an oper crucible. (55) Grind mammata, homapa. and gora-raka? in the juice of tambola (betel leaf), put (hold) fresh mica in between, give a chipati (tip) of bark of the roof of Echinops echinata (utakata) and umtiu gamdhaka (a kind of sulphur). There remains the fire of thick grass for 12 praharas (i.e. give fire for 12 praharas), quench lead 121 times in the urine of ass, its blackness goes away. Next rub molasses in the urine of ass 21 times. Rub saffron (Kesar) ta. 1 and 2 lemons for 4 ghadis (4 x 24 minutes), smear the leaf of copper with it, reduce it (copper leaf) to ashes in a closed crueible, keep it alive, give it tips of surakhara-(a kind of oxide) = Nitrate salt pater pai. 4, natron (Saji-khara) masa 6, Papali (Samcoro)3 masa 6 in an iron cup, mercury is fixed. (56) Grind killed mercury ta. 1, borax ta 1, white glass ta. 1, while Dhanyabhra (a kind of mica) ta. 1 in the milk of. Euphorbia antiguorum (Vajri), rub Hamkhedi gandhaka (a kind sulphur) Pai. 4, Paso (paro ? = mercury) pai. 4 and seed of limboli (Neem) 1 sr. for 3 days. Put the whole thing into a fire-proof bottle and seal it up, give a cork of Neem into its mouth, put 7 layers of cloth and clay (over it), heat it in a Damaruyantra by litting fire of 2 maunds of dry dung of she-goat. Further, it is to be known from the guru. 1. Gajaveli - Polada. (Steel) 2. Not identifiable at the present state of knowledge. They may be minerals.. 3. A kind of salt For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 (57) Melt lead with Misari sabu (a kind of soap), it removes (cuts), dirt (blackness) when put into the former, go on putting it. Lead becomes white. (58) Prune the flower of Aloe vera-Aloe vera flowers which rem and become healthy (luxuriant). Take yourself the juice of its leaf (patha), crush the tip of the flowers in the juice of Aloe vera and cinnabar in the juice of Apatipa for 7 days, give fire dipagni to the whole thing in a Velukayantra for 12 praharas. Gonorrhoea is cured with the prepaed medicine. There takes place an appetite of 5 srs. (59) Take malla (Somala Khara oxide of arsenic) ta. 1i, orpiment ta. 14, mercury ta. 14 and copper pai. 1, give the root of Horse drum stick = Horse radish, tree, and the root of Calotropis gigantea respectively under and over them, next give them gajaputagni for 4 praharas. All action (becomes) successful. It will be best in taking. (60) Grind cinnabar in the juice of the flower of Segatha (a kind of plant) for 12 Praharas, give it dipagni (fire of lamp) for 12 praharas, all types of gonorrhoea are cured by this medicine. (61) Make ashes by burning Emoblic myrobalans; smear the body with lime (kalicuno) by putting oil into it. Then sit in the dipta (hot) sunshine for 3 days; coughness (lukh) goes away. (62) Grind or crush cinnabar to. 1 and kita (dhatumala) in the clarified butter and smear it on the body; any type of eczema goes away. (63) Fry onion and leaf of Neem in the clarified butter and take clarified butter by melting (them). Put Rala (yellow resin)ta. 9, wax ta. 9, into it. Wash ointment with water 7 times. All blisters or ulcers, (Chandas) go away.. . (64) Make powder by grinding Sabarsing (horn) of savara = lodhar ?). Put honey into it, heat ointment combined with Neem and onion together with honey, and grind it, then put it (prepared medicine) into the sceptic ulcer. The sceptic ulcer gets cured within 7 or 21 days. . (65) By the application of sapedo and butter to it, the high surface of the skin will comes to the (normal) level. The surface of the skin of the one which does not come to the level will come down to the normal position (by the application of this medicine). If the root of yellow flowered sonchus aruenois (Vernonia cinera = Sahadevi) is held into the light of burning wick, the Hajaratil mantra (incantation) will come. True. 1. Probably a Muslin made some incantation after his name. For Personal & Private Use Only

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91 (66) Take seeds of Timirju rasta)najyoti (Lochnera rosea ?) pai. 4 or 8 and sulphur pai 4, heat them in Damaruyantra. True. (67) Take the essence of grapes & sr. Keep (lead ?) drenched into it. Grind it and next take it out by washing. White lead comes out. It is said by patraghada. It is fire-proved. (68) Give borax under and over Calomel Ruberb (Rane cini) and Mesua ferrea (Nagakesara). Take Khurasani Hingulo (Cinnabar) 5, Bishop's weed = Ptychtis (ajamo) 5, Khurasani ajamo 5, Krimani ajamo 5, Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) 5, lead 5, Garcinia (R. chini) morella Desrous 5, Curcuma angustifolia (tavakhira) 5, Alangium lamarkii (Akalakaro) 5, Conessei bark (Indrayava) 5, Croton tigium (Napala) 5; give all these medicines under and over, put (them) by crushing, i.e. crushing these in Aloe Vera, (kumari). Lamprachoenium microcephalum (Brahmadandi), ginger (adraka), Datura, garlie, onion, brinjal, citrullus Colocynthis (Indravaruni), flower of horse radish tree (Saraghunpuspa), flower of white oleander (sveta kanera), Nerium odorum (Sonahali), pitahalola (Yellow terminalia chebula), Popati (a kind of vanaspati), Kutari (Setaria glenca) and Bandali (Luffa echinata = Kuka daveli); give (put) the above-mentioned medicines under and over. Hamsapaka (a process of medicinal cooking) is to be performed (made) for taking the medicine. According to own imagination it is written. (69) Put dorps of Camphor and the juice of Padarupa (a kind of vanaspati) into the nose. The worms come out. (70) Put lime (Kalicuno). 3 srs., pure natron (saji) 1 sr. and water maund into a big earthen vessel. Keep water 10 Srs. Next put sulphur into a fresh cup or bottle and cover it wholly with a layer of cloth and clay and give drops (taya) by putting sulphur into it. Sulphur melts. Oil is produced. Rheumatism goes away. For Personal & Private Use Only

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TENTH CHAPTER (1) Two worms of the nose fall out. Remedy: Take 1 sr. of Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) and 8 Srs. of water. After boiling it, when water comes down to 1 sr; take it out, put borax (tamkana or tamkanakhara) into it. Give (it) into hamkhel (nostrils ?). Again give the juice of Amorphophallus companulatus. Blume = (Surana) i and water of Centipeda orbicularis i sr. into it; (i) give puta (roasting) of Echinops Echinata (utakata) to white copper, (2) with the milk of Euphorbia dudheli (Dandelion = Taraxcum), (3) With udholi-idenlified) and (4) with white drona (Leucas cephalotus), give fire to the four for four praharas, Sasaka (blue vitriol) melts in bone dust; copper metal melts in hair of man; iron melts in salt. (1x) Take surokhara (Potash Nitrus = Nitrate of salt peter) Pai. 3, mercury pai. 1 and hair of sheep pai. 4; give them Dipakagni and Bhadakagni. Give Dipagni to clarified butter (ghee = ajye) 9 Srs., and calomel pai. 14 in a Dolikayantra for 12 praharas with 12 srs. of firewood. Give a small pot into the mouth of an earthen vessel and close it. (Take) oil of Anacardium 2 srs., Calamine i sr., and copper sr; smearing calamine in oil, heat it in fire and quench it in oil of Anacardium six times. Take hair of sheep-4 srs. and mercury pai 2, give Dipagni to them, (first) rub them in the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera, in that of Vadabai (adventitious branch of Banyan tree), in that of Sambhali (Ferula sumbul), in that of Elephantopsus scaber (galajibhi) and put the whole thing on fire. Sa. Gokalavalividya (2) (Take) black curculigo orchioides (kali Musali) ta. 3, white curculigo orchioides (Dholi Musali) ta. 3, Bombay Ceiba linn (Mocarasa) (Salmalia malabarica) ta. 3, essence of Tinospora cordifolia (galosttva) ta. 3, C. antichorus (Bahuphali) (ta) 3, Astercantha longifolia (Ekharo) 3, Tribulus Ter (Gokharu) 3, Cow-hedge plant (pucuna pruriens). (Kaucam) 3, Malavani-Bavaci ta. 3, (purple Fleabane), Balavija 3, cubeba officinalis (canakbaba) 3, Blepharis edulis pers (Utegana) 3, Conessei bark = Holarrhena anti1. Not comprehensible. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dysenterica (Indrajava) 3, Anaayclus Pyrethrum (Akkalakharo)-3, gum of vata (Vada gunda) 3, Narrow. haved Sepiston = Cardia Angastifolia (Calla) Aconitum Palmaturm (prati) ta. 9; mix sugar ta. 9 and bhuko ta. 13 into these medicines. Medicine prepared with these articles is useful in the case of lost sexual power. (3) Take the roof of Kharasaniya, (Huoscyamus Niger), its bark-ta. 21, ajamo (Bishops weed) ta. 24. If, thus, much is taken every day, it is useful in the case of lost sexual capacity, and tumour goes away. (4) Put the leaf of Fudeli (a kind of plant) Sr; and gohalipatra (leaf of gohali = a kind of plant) { sr. into an earthen vessel and close it. Give it fire for 1 prahara. The medicine increases appetite, it is very efficacious. (5) Take Achyranthus aspera (Aghada) sr., Ribia cordifolia (Vikhaso) 9, heat them on fire of 100 days dry wild cowdung cakes. Mudra :- (the process): Take Katho (lime) ta. 5, Chalk 5, Jhiko 5, salt-5, Clay earth 7. Him(galo), Mudra :- Make a hole 'into the wood of Kharijali, put the juice of Pilavani, ta. 9, into it by giving a gavadu (piece of wood), ver it with 7 layers of cloth. White copper becomes silver of 12 carats 8. (6) Pour Alhaji Maurorum (Alpa) 1 sr. by melting and melting 108 times. Keep pai. 2 bhar, go on putting (pouring) fersh urine. Take the urine of an ass, grind these 7 medicines-Khahipo pai 1, Alpa-pai. 8, alum pai. 7, anacardium 7, thuthu (green vitriol = an emetic) 7, Kacalavana (a kind' salt, 7, salt 7, sal-ammoniac 7, and sea-salt 7, and make them powdered. Next make 7 leaves of alpa, take an earthen vessel or pot, give 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next put one layer of Thara, put leaves over it. Again give usadha, again leaves layer by layer. Close it and give 7 layers of cloth and clay, voer it. Make fire two times; on its getting cold, take it out. Next melt alpa-masa 4 and Sutu-masa 4. The process of purifying Copper (7) Boil 5 srs. of leaf of five-leaved chast tree. Vitex trifolia (Nigodipana), turmeric 1 sr. and water 3 srs. Keep 1 sr. (by boiling). Next heat leaves of copper and purify them by quenching them into that water (essence) seven times. Then combine together, Nala (phragmites karka ?) For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 20, pra du. Nala1 28, Khutu2 as aforesaid & alpa Nala 8. Kha (sa) sine3 pakh bha (vati ?) It is advised by Bakara Khan. (8) Rub padamokhetha sr. and Patri tala sr. in horse-urine for a day. Next put 5, srs. of surokhara (Nitrate of salf peter) into an earthen vessel; give (put) copper and orpiment under and over. Close the mouth of the earthen vessel by giving a good seal to it. Then give it fire for 3 days, there becomes gold. (9) Lit fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. (Take) sal-ammoniac ta 10, and lime (Kalicuno) ta 50, make lime finely powdered and put half of it under, and half of it over in the vessel, put sal-ammoniac in between them. Close it and give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes of 1 basket. There becomes jotaka combination (pill.) (10) Take po, nalo5 1. It is white like harakoi, docae7 and chalk. Smear sal-ammoniac and mercury on the leaf (of brass) and dry it up in fire. Thus do it seven times. The process removes the blackness of brass. (11) Grind Somala (oxide of arsenic) sr. with cow's milk 1 sr. Mix it by drops and bind it. Next grind it (Somala) in sr. of milk and remove its dirt. Take it out by washing. There remains the butter of salammoniac at the botton (under) like silver; grind it with Aloe vera and cook it in a Veluyantra by putting it into a bottle on fire for 12 praharas. (12) Rub mercury in thorny (katali) standing Tribulus Ter of Kalaphul (Evolvulus alsiniodes); it becomes butter-like in 3 days. Next make a crucible of Lippia nodiflora (jalapipar), give alum under and over and close its mouth. Su, give it fire of 1 prahara. Thus grind mercury in Tribulus and make crucible of standing Jalasi, give alum Po. 1 and Pa. kha 1 under and over. Having ground it in this way, make a crucible of Hasti paga; give Samcora lona (sodiai chloradum) under and give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Put po. Kh8. 1 into a red earthen vessel, next mercury to 1, go on putting powder (dust) of Challeta (not identifiid) upl prahara; go on stirring it up with the root of green Naga (mesua ferrea ?). Under it burn the woods of Acacia Catechu (Khadira) and Mimusops hexandra (Rayan) (rayana). There will be an appetite of 8 Srs, it is sex-exciting. 1. Not yet idientifled. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Not deciphered. For Personal & Private Use Only

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95 (13) Reduce to paste mercury in jhika (a kind of plant gum ?), rub it in the juice of green purging cassia (giri-mallika = Kutaja). Next rub it in the milk of Thohar (Euphorbia nivuiia) for 1 prahara. Close it up in a samputa (lid) and give it fire of pasali (handful) of goat's dung; again rub it. in milk, give it fire of a Pasali 2 of goat's dung. This increasing and increasing. Pasali, give goat's dung for 21 days. Dha(gu)lma (tumour ?) disappears if this medicine is taken. (14) Reduce to paste mercury pai. 1, sulphur pai. 1., Somala Sankhiu (oxide of arsenic) ta. 3 and ra ta. 13, and give gajaputagni to the whole thing for 4 praharas. (Give) 1 dose vala 1. Diet-molasses and buttermilk are to be taken, salty & sour things are prohibited. Themedicine, controls gas. (15) Put orpiment to. 2, seed of croton tiglium (Nepala) castor' to. 2. sabu (Horse purslane or something else) to. 2 into an earthen pot; put an iron cup over it. Give a strong seal to the cup. Take oil which comes up, put that into the juice of Neem for 7 days. Next it will come into action (use). (16) Grind pure iron sr. and mercury pai. 1, juice of Munjala sr. and put the whole thing into an earthen vessel and close it. Give it fire for 1 prahara. The essence prepared thus increases appetite. It is very beneficial. (17) Put together copper, zinc, silver, steel of equal weight, borax pai. 14 bhar, otherwise double and melt them. The essence (jotakam) is produced in own dream (according to own conception.) (18) (Reduce to paste) mercury in the juice of puadia (not yet identified, a kind of plant), put linseed oil into it and give it fire. (It becomes) medicine fot taking, (it is) discovered in own dream. (19) Give castor datavehara (a kind of plant ?), sulphur, khadatiu (not identified) gamdho (Paedaria foetida ?), berajo (zizyphus saliva or Rice; orza Saliva) and mastaki (pistacia-Lientiscus) to Vamkhe Divapada. (20) Grind cinnabar in the juice or Muka (a kind of vanaspati) for two days, in the juice of Saresara (a kind of vanaspati) for two days, & in the juice of Aloe vera for 2 days. Make tablets of it, dry them up in the shade, close them up by giving Indrajava (Kurchi, Conessei bark) under and over, pai 2 bhar. (in a vessel.) and give it fire of 1 basket dung of a goat for 2 prahahras. (21) Rub green vitriol sr. and alpa (a kind of mineral) + sr. in the juice of the ripe leaf of Calotropis gigantea. Take out the juice by making it hot. Fill it into an earthen vessel. Make a lump of the leaf of green vitriol by drenching it in this juice and put it into a saravasamputa. (lid). - For Personal & Private Use Only

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Put (give) a layer of cloth and clay over it (saravasamputa), give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes 3 srs. thus 21 times. Alpa astrya is produced. Crush together pra. dubhaga (parts) 3; Su. bha caurik (part)-4, astrya bha, 1, realgur ta. 1, sulphur (Angelica glauca ?) and mercury 1 (ta) and put the whole thing into an earthen vessel, mix up the juice of Aegale Marmelos with it as it is mixed up, sprinkle the juice of Aegale folia. Next rub it, and taking it out from the fire, again rub Prade. lohade. Rub borax over(it); give heat to the whole thing in fire. Success. (22) Rub sulphur to. 9, Sal-ammoniac ta. 1, mercury ta. 2, realgar ta. 2. and golden pyrite ta 2 all and fix them for 3 days. Rub them with Nagar (piper betel), in the juice of Aloe vera. Give them 4 or 5 saturations every day; holding and holding the whole thing in the sunshine, saturation is to be given to it. Thus it should be given for 3 days. On the fourth day take out this powder from the mortar and put it into Jalayantra according to the process of putting it into a Jalayantra. Processing of making of Jalayantra (23) Make a round vessel by a potter, having 14 angulas (fingers) in height and 10 angulas (fingers) in circumference. It is called Jalayantra. Then cast this medicinal powder into that vessel of that Jalaya cover it up (with) an upside down cup of the Nepalese copper ta 74 till it covers the powder over it, cover it up with an upside down sarava (lid). Over it, cover it up with an earthen vessel. After that make a seal on all sides of the vessel, i. e. smearing is to be given. Then on all sides of Jalayantra water is to be filled in up to all the brims. Hold it thus. Again water is to be poured little by little. Then Jalayantra is to be placed on the Kumalika furnace. Fire of Kicadi is to be lit upto 32 praharas. Later, the the pot of Jalayantra is to be taken out and held (placed) on the ground. When Jalayantra becomes cooled down, then it is to be opened The cup also becomes Astryo 1. Sulphur etc. get combined with the cup. Then the cup is to be powdered (pounded) by crushing it. Thus Astryasiddhi (Success of Astrya) (is accomplished). (24) Take arsa (in asesua) tyapo3 1, turserjasapi1 is to be cast into it. It becomes Dhatuvedhi (metal-piercing); many diseases go away on the taking of this medicine. The remaining is to be known from the guru. 1. Not explainable. 2. Not definable without commentary. 3. Ibid.: 4. Ibid, For Personal & Private Use Only

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(25) Combine all these together: milk of Banyan tree-Pai. 2, milk of Calotropis gigantea Pai. wax pa. 2, Kapuri guda (a kind of molasses)Pai. 2., Bhaira gugula (Indian Belellium)-Pai. 2, white Katho (a kind of lime made of khadir) Pai. 2, kalicuno (a kind of lime of oyster shell)-Pai Makhapista' pai. 2, Mastaki (Pistacia Lientiscus.) pai. 2, hair of a small calf 2, of she-sheep pai. 2, Multani soil-pai. 2 and magnetic stone pai. 2, and crush them into small pieces and bind them into the milk of Bhadala (sheep), grind them for 10 days. As it becomes hard, so go on giving milk of she-sheep. Minamudra (the process of wax seal) is accomplished. 97 (26) Rub mcrcury ta. 2, Tabaki orpiment ta. 2 and opium ta. 2 with the juice of Solanum nigrum (Kacamaci) for one day. Next make their tablets. Smear an earthen vessel (bowl) from its middle (part) up to its bottom. Next put the tablets into that earthen vessel and close it with a new lid and seal it up. As said above, after that, fill up the vessel with sand, give it fire for 2 praharas. Feed a Brahmana when yantra is placed (on fire); feed a Brahmana when the yantra is taken out in the name of Hanumanta. Next on its getting cooled down, take out the essence. (27) Grind pro. pra. sa2. rato (red) and Thuthu (a kind of poison) ta. 3 and put the whole thing into an iron pot (Pan). lit strong fire in the furnace. Thuthu begins to burn. Mercury begins to tremble, then press out the juice of the leaves of Aditi (a kind of plant) by taking them into the hands,. put Pai 1 bhara of the juice; after burning, again give juice pai. 1 bhar. And while taking it out of the juice of Aditi, rub it in between two leaves of Nagarveli (Piper betel). After the juice is heated (burnt), next mercury begins to make circle (round), it begins to jump. After its jumping two times, it settles at the bottom. Take it out of the iron pot into an earthen pot. Its tablets get bound; take (eat)rati of it by grinding it. Give ujeniboa3 by measuring 3 times. The name of Aditi is called gamara gamdano. Its leaf is like that of Cannabis Sativa (Bhangr). Melt Khakha (Para-bhasma) or vamga (tin) and put 2 ratis of orpiment. Over it, put 2 ratis of Pegami Navasara (Sal-ammoniac). Next quench that tin into the oil of Centipeda orbicularis (Nagachikani). Next Tailavidhih (the process of making oil) (28) Bring Indigo (Nili = gali) and dry it up in the shade. Next take its oil in patalayantra. Rub mercury in the juice of Centipeda orbicularis (Cihkani), it becomes fixed. Put it into an earthen vessel and give it gentle 1. A kind of mineral, 2. Not decipherable without Commentary. 3. Not identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 . fire. Give it drops (taya) of the juice of porlu lacaea oleracea, (Luni). Take 1 rati out of sr. Killed mercury to take with piper betel or nine minerals (navarasa). Fever goes away, disease goes away. (29) The dried up juice of Cannabis sativa and that of wedelia calendulacea absorb water. Take it out on its getting cold. If that water is given as drop (tuya) in earthen vessel, on the leaf of kasisa (green vitriol) -gold smeared with lemon, it becomes pure, its carat increases. (30) Rub the bile of goat tola 1 and mercury ta. 2 for 1 day, reduce them to paste (rub them) in the juice of Abua! (Shim?) for 21 days, rub them in the juice of lemon and put copper tola 1 into sweet Tanner Cassia (Cassia aurcaulator) (auli), mercury gets fixed. Mix the juice of wedelia Calendul acea (Bhangra) into the oil of Anacardium (Bhilama) and pour it into it (mercury) three times. Turn up himgala (cinnabar) into Indrana 2 120 (times and into rip: Aegale Marmelos 120, (times). Rub Su. po. sa. ra (ja) (mercury) ma (sa) 6 and sulphur 6 ma. in the juice of Aloe Vera for 2 praharas. Smear the leaf of brass to. 1 with it, give it saravasam(puta) fire or 2, 3. & 4 srs. (of cowgund cakes), give patas. (roastings). Next give it Maulo 3 (essencce.?) gold, by half gotakam (Combination). (31) Evolvulus alsinoides of yellow flower (Visnukranta)3 is like the leaf of cina (Bengal gram) (Chick pea), rub that with mercury... It gets in seven days. Melt hamkha 4 (samkha ?) and give it the ash of gram water (or ash) Ksara. After the burning of that rasa (mercury ?), give it the juice of Buti 5 on the side, put pure Masini 6 by rubbing it in the juice of citrus medica (Bijora); its quality is just like (that of) Jalajabun (Jalajambu).7 (32) Put equal protions of the juice of Visakha-para pamcamga (five parts of Visakhapara)8 and white scented oleander (Dholi Kanera) Pai. 1. and mercury pai. 5 into a jar (galua), give a seal to its mouth. Bury the jar into the earth, keep its rim 2 figers above (open) the ground (earth), fill up ash up to 4 angulas over it. Give it fire of dry wild cowdung cake 1 up to 3 days; mercury gets fixed, if you do it for 7 days, it gets much fixed. 1, Not identifiable, 2. Not identified. 3. Not clear; it may be essence 4. Not identifiable at the present state of knowledge 5. Not identifiable 6. Not identifiable.. 7, Not identifiable. 8. Not identifiable, For Personal & Private Use Only

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(33) Burn the bone of the neck of a camel and mix its ash, 1 masa into copper 1 sr.; it melts quickly; true. (34) Put the bone.of Kola (boar) (into copper), it melts quickly, put the tail of a rat (into copper), it melts quickly. With (in the case of) Naka chikani (Centipeda orbicularis) it is just like that, with Kamta 1-selii (it is). like that, it (copper) melts. (35) Quench the leaf of iron into the juice of the root of Lohukhandi = (Ixora parviflora = Samadera) 107 times, it gets reduced to ashes and quench it in the juice of raw, Riber ebony (Dispyros peregrina) (Timbara) like that. (36) Put leaf of iron into pueraria tuberosa (Bhuikohalu) by splitting it up; close it up and put 3 three layers of cloth and clay (over 'it), give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. (37) Put Casavista (stool or excreta of casa) = (a kind of bird). to. 3 and mercury to. 1, into an earthen pot and close it up. Next put mercury into the earthen pot, spit on it (mercury) by chewing betel leaf (piper beetle); go on putting the excreta of casa little by little, mercury is fixed. Next apply (smear) white ash (of mercury) on the veins of piper betel; it becomes red. This is the test. (38) Put the leaf of iron into the juice of Pomegranate (Dadama), having white flower, for a day; it gets reduced to ashes, it becomes white. If 1 rati of it is mixed into copper and Kathir (one kind of tin), there becomes silver. (39) Take milk of swine (she-pig) pai. 8; grind sal-ammoniac pai. 1, and red alum pai. Z. Put milk into a copper pot and cook them, they become powder. Rub 1 masa of it; mercury to. 1, sulphur to. 1, orpiment to. 1 (godanti), hamsapak cinnabar to. 1, realgar to. 1, water (or Khara) of gram to. 4 into the juice of 100 lemons (Kagadi); heat the leaf of zinc pai. 4 bhar and quench it into the essence of these things. Thus do it 21 times. Next crush Hira dusana (Calamus draco) pai. 2 into the urine of cow. Next by heating and heating the leaf of copper, quench it into the thick liquid (essence) of these things, thus 21 times. Next melt i tola of copper, put 1 tola of zinc into it. Ba. ma. 2 Next give tips of gum of gadhia palasa (Butea frondasa); gold will be of yellow colour. 1. not yet identified. 2, not yet identified For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 -(40) Grind (or rub), silver varga to. 1 and mercury to. 1 in the milk of Calotropis gigantea; make a ball (pill) of their paste. Put it into the bulb of onion, close it up, wrap thread around it, wrap a small piece of cloth over it, wrap the bread made of powder of wheat over it, make the ball (round). Next make powder of Rana (ta) upala (red upala = a kind of vanaspati) 24 sr; put the ball (Pill) into that; on its getting cold, take it out aside. Again make (repeat) the previous process, put it into the bulb of onion, take 24 srs. of dry wild cowdung (cakes); increase it by $ sr. upto 5 srs; not after that. Thus give 21 putas, to it; if this is mixed into 20 to. of tin, there becomes silver. (41) Mix hemavarga (gold) into mercury, rub it in the juice of Aloe vera for 3 praharas, put its paste into the bulb of onion. Repeat the previous action (process). (There becomes) gold. (42) Make a hole into an Amorphophallus Companulatus :(,Sarana) and a palo (cup or piece) of Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani). Put tin (Kalahi) Pai 1 bhar, and Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) paisa 2 bhar. Give powder under and over the leaf of tin, give over it particularly, give wax and cloth over it, and give it gajaputagni, (there becomes) Silver. (43) Again take the juice of red lotus or flower into the standing leaves of Harinakhuri (a kind of plant); put its juice into a hard pot of cocoanut (Kacili) and rub it with the wood of green Neem for 4 praharas. Make a ball of it and close it up in a pot, give it fire for two praharas, grind it and give (mix) tin into it. (43x) Again by cutting into pieces Phyllanthus nururi (Bhut ambali) and Spilanthus oleracia (Marahethi) of red flower (having red flower) in equal proportion; take the juice and make (repeat) the process like Harinakhuri. ...(44) Take mercury to. 1, and Borneo Camphor (Varasa Kapura) = Sumatra camphor (Bhimaseni Barasa) to. 1. Make a hole into a green cocoanut existing on the tree and put first tola of camphor. (Next) put mercury to. 1, and put again i tola of camphor on it and keep these things into it for six months. Keep it up and seal up the cocoanut. There becomes a pill (guti), rub it in the juice of Murraya exotica (Kamani) and Ocimum Sanctum (Rama Tulsi) for 12 praharas. Rub it & in the kacali! with the butt of neem. Mercury is fixed. 1. Not identified For Personal & Private Use Only

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101 The process of dealing with Sal-ammoniac (Navasaravidhi) (45) Take sal-ammoniac pai. 10 and lime-2 srs; grind sal-ammoniac; lay out Kali (grains) of lime under and over in an earthen pot, put salammoniac over it, (Cuna). Lay out (spread out) Koli of lime over it (Salammoniac). Next put water into an earthen pot, give water fully so that it overflows it. Put that water into the second earthen jar. After taking water of lime 3, place two earthen vessels on the oven (furnace); go on putting that water (of lime) little by little. Make fire under the earthen vessel. After heating (burning) of the whole water, Rasa (Juice = fuid) bubbles inside, take it out. That sal-ammoniac is fixed; it becomes liquid on fire. The process of Sphatika (alum) also is like this. (46) Take the hard substance (gamgado) which is in samkhia somala (oxide of arsenic), put it into a bottle, go on pouring the juice of lemon, on stirring it up with a rod, but do like that so that the smell of boiling does not come up. Place it on a Valukayantra, give it fire for 12 praharas. On its getting cold, take the essence out.Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper and tin respectively. (47) By grinding palo (pieces ?) of Kakasi (Sisymbrium irio ?) make big tablets. Put one tablet into an earthen crucible. Put the leaf of copper to. 5 over it, put somala (oxide of iron) leaf, put the second tablet of Kakasi, heat the whole thing in an undara musa (upside down crucible). There will be silver. (48) Melt tin' and pour it into the milk of Tridhara Thohar (a kind of Euphorbia nivuiia), next if Malla (Somala) (oxide of arsenic) is put into it, there is sucess. y heating Malla as descibed, in the aforesaid Kakido samputa, apply it with clarified butter. The sceptic ulcer goes away, if applied. (50) Grind phudeni! and apply it on the ulcer, the sceptic ulrcer goes away, (if applied). (51) There is boil on the head. it is bandaged by making bread of Phudali, it is cured in seven days; all types of headache go away by the application of this process. (52) Rub mercury with the oil of Nut (Badam). If it is applied on the face, its blackness goes away. 1. not identifiablc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 (53) If purple tephrosia (Sarapamkhanu) is taken with honey, the burning sensation goes away. True. (54) Put (pour) zinc 1 Sr. into the urine of man three times, into the urine of ass three times, into the urine of cow three times, and into the urine of goat three times, and purify it; combine mercury with zinc by taking the quantity equal to the 1/3 (part) of it, give drop much over it with the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia (thohara) in a new pot for 12 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence with 1 tola of copper. (There will be) silver. (55) There is a creeper with 3 leaves, its leaf is at a distance of four fingers. Rub (mercury) into it. There will be gotaka (pill or ball of mercury). Rub it like that in the juice of white colocynth (Indrayani) for 14 days. Mercury becomes butter-like. (56) Rub mercury in Kamoni (a kind of vanaspati) having black branch, for 14 days. After getting it dried up, wash it like butter or like sand. Take an earthen pot, drench Kalicuno (lime) into 5 srs. of urine of a small boy. (Then) take the water of upper portion of it. Drench natron 1 Sr. into that water and take the water of upper portion of it. Drench the bark of the root of pomegranate 1 sr. and the leaf of Henna (Mehadi) (Lawsomia alb), drench the root of Sambhalu (quash) into it. By making the essence (liquid substance) of these three, drench sulphur 2 sr. into that essence. Place it on fire, oil comes over it as cream; take that, give it to the leaf of silver (i.e. smear it). (There becomes) gold. (57) Make (break) Somala (Khara) (oxide of arsenic) into pieces. Put them into an iron cup, give it fire for 16 praharas. Give drops (tuya) of the juice of brinjal to it. It melts like oil in gentle fire. Take Malla (oxide of arsenic) and cinnabar and sulphur six times more than these two. While making the pieces of cinnabar, as equal of the size of red jujube, put it into an iron cup; combine all these-clarified butter of cow's milk pai. 2, Sulphur pai 2, honey pai. 2 and gam (not identified), and place them together on the oven; give it fire of coal for 4 praharas. After its melting, put Khara (ashes) of Achyranthus aspera (Aghada) into it. In this way give 30 putas (roastings) to it. Next grind that cinnabar and give grains of rice masa 1 into it. There takes place sexual excitement, if it is taken. WIL OPP Melt copper ma. 9 & silver ma. 3 and put 1 rati of the essence into them. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(58) Make a leaf of zinc sr., rub sulphur in mustard oil and smear it on the leaf of zinc. Give it putas six times thus. Give it 408 such putas as the leaf does not get melted. Later melt zinc and mix mercury with it as measuring equal (quantity) to.of it and make tablets. Put lime 2 srs. under and over it and blow it with water, (give) 100 such putas. Mix silver tola 1 and rati of the essence. Drench sal-ammoniac into the juice of sidhi (Rasna) (Vegetable Rennet). If (you) blow it up, it becomes fixed. If again (you) drench it and blow it up, it does not blow up (fly). If it is done 7 times, it becomes Pegami Navasara (Sal-ammoniac). (59) Drench tin into the milk of trunk (stem) of Mimusops hexandra (Rayan) seven times, into bitter Leptadaniarati culata (Dodi) are time, into butter Elephantopsus, Scaber (galajibhih) one time and into part of white radish. 103 (60) Grind (reduce to paste) mercury pai. 1, sulphur pai 1 and borax pai.in the juice of Aloe Vera and fill it into a Bilva phala and close it up. Give it Gajaputagni. Mercury becomes good in taking. (61) Grind lime of Oyster shell in the leaf of centipeda orbicularis and grind tin 1 rati with it. Make a seal (by putting the whole thing into an earthen) pot; give it gajaputagni. (There will be) silver. (62) Melt brass vala-4 by putting it into tin vala 16 (?). Put into it aghatita vala 8 by making it finely powdered so that metal gets mixed into metal (i.e. they become one). There becomes svetasiddhi (accomplishment of silver) in the case. Silver undoubtedhy. (63) Make a lump of lead 1 and mercury by grinding them in Cissus Triangularies (Tridhari Hadasakala) and make the essence. Put together tin ta. 9 and the essence ta 1 or there will be Eurphorbia niviia or E. nerifolia. (64) Incurable haemorrhage (bleeding) and jaundice go away by the use of excreta (stool) of rat. Give it to the patient afflicted with the said disease (together) with butter milk (Chasi) ta. True. (65) Cook mercury in garuda-pamkhiu (not yet identified). If it is done 3 times, it is reduced to ashes. (66) Rub mercury 1 Sr. in sr. of the juice of Achyranthus aspera (aghada) for 1 prahara. Keep the essence in the sun for 3 praharas. Thus do it for 2 months. Mercury gets killed and incinerated. (67) Grind black peper in the juice of Damana 4 praharas. Make tablet and put it into an earthem with the juice and make fire. wild cowdung cakes over it, it (Sweet marjora) for vessel; fiill half of it When the juice gets burnt, then put dry is best in taking. $ For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 (68) Take orpiment pai. 1 and powder of black pepper pai, 1. go on mixing 1-1 paisa bhar of pepper for 20 days, (take) only 1 rati of that orpiment, Appetite (will be there, if it is taken), nourshment of all elements. All diseases will go away, (69) Rub mercury pai. 5, Cinnabar pai. 14, and green vitriol (Kastsa) pai. 1 in the asava (essence) of grapes (Sarko) pai. 6 bhar. Rubbing them in the essence of grapes, dry up the whole thing, rub it in the ripe leaf of Calotropis gigantea. Next (put the whole thing into an earthen bowl) and put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dry it up and give it gajaputagni, Next give 7 putas to the essence with the milk of Calotropis gigantea. The prepared thing if taken, creates sexual appetite. There takes place the nourishment of strength.; (70) Rub mercury ta 5 in the juice of sweet bottle gourd (Ladgenaria vulgaris). Make lump of it, grind fresh lime and make galo ' with jaradi 2 of am earthen vessel (Kuladani). Make Khato 3 into that. Put the lump of mercury into that, next give juice of sweet bottle gourd from above and close it up. Put it into an earthen vessel. Give it fire below it. Lump gets burnt and becomes ash. On its getting cold, take it out, that mercury gets incinerated. It makes many benefits. . (71) Rub mercury ta. 5 and cinnabar ta. 5 with the kernal (garbha) of a ripe (Aegale Marmelos), rub them with the milk of cow pai. 1 bhar,. In this way do it for 7 days. Next taking out the kernal of the second wood apple, put it into that, seal it up, put 7 layers of wax and cloth over it, and give it gajaputagni by filling the pit with dry dung of goat, up to 21 days. On its getting cold, take it out. 4rati of the essence (thus prepared) is the rule in its taking; (72) Rub mercury to. 1 and the essence of mica to. i in two juicesthe juice of Marahathi and Wedelia calendrulacea (Bhangra) and give the drop (tuya) to them for 1 prahara. The lump of mercury and mica becomes fire-proved. (fire-bearing), (73) Give tuya (drops) of the juice of the inner bark of Salahi to mercury for 1 prahara, rub it for 1 prahara; it becomes butter-like. (74) Quench copper into the juice of the inner bark of the root of Horse Radish tree (Saraghuana). Next give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas by putting it into an earthen vessel. There will be best copper. 1, Not clear, 2. Not clear. 3. Not clear, For Personal & Private Use Only

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ELEVENTH CHAPTER First Section-Prathama Pariccheda (1) Rub mercury pai. 5 in the juice of Daimdi, 1 pai. 5 in a mortar, it becomes lump-like; put it into a bottle and give a seal into its mouth. Tie up old silver and Katho (by crushing them ?) and clay : a layer of cloth and clay Over it. Next dry it up, dig a pit according to the size of the bottle. Bury it (bottle) into it, fill sand into the pit up to its rim (Kota). Next fill dry dung of goat 14 srs. into it and lit fire. In this way 3 bottles are to be turned up; give the third bottle fire of 3 srs. of wild dung of goat. Melt tin and put 1 ta. of the essence into it; fill the waterpot and cover it up. Know it is Thathayani Vidya. (2) Make a ball of these five - the excreta (stool) of Makari (Shecrocodile) 1 (part), gorocana 1 (part), exccreta (stool) of bat (Vagoli), sivanirmalya (scared leaves and flowers used in the worship of the god-Siva silarasa (Liquid storax or Altingia excelsa) 1 (part) and ash of Terminalia belerica Roxb. Smear it into the vagina of a woman. Male will be enchanted. He will not desire (like) another woman. = (3) Combine together (cat's vasana (fat) vala 1. rat's hair (V) 1, feather of Uluka (a kind of bird) and feather of crow (V) 1. Put them into wax and smear (touch) the head of a man (Siyyai sarane) by taking (remembering or reciting) his name. Both the female (woman) and the (man) fight as a consequence. Love is lost (between them). (4) Take Jasmine's root in the solar eclipse of eatern side, being naked. while the eclipse is taking place, rub. sathi rice with water and sprinkle it on an woman she, becomes vasi (enchanted). Take the root of jasmine at the time of the end of the eclipse. She is released (by the power of) that root. . (5) Having written thus "Vasi 7/7/47 (2) (74) (62) 908, keep it with you. The one (she) does not come (or like to comel, she also will pome. 1. Not yet identified, For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 (6) Make powder of Nakachikani (Centipeda orbicularis) dy crushing it. Mix a little mercury in it. Mix a little mercury into tin as equal to the lime of oyster shell, and close it up in an iron samputa (lid). Silver. Devaji has experimented (applied) the process. (7) Give drops of the juice of five parts of Radish (Mula pamcamga) ! to tin for 25 praharas till it melts. Again if you give drops for 25 praharas to zinc, it melts. Again if you give drops for 25 praharas to copper, it melts. For so many times it melts on fire, and 1 rati of mercury pierces into copper. 64% (8) Rub black datura in the juice of greusia populifolia (Nagabali) for 7 days, it (mercury) becomes butter-like. (9) Rub that (mercury ?) which comes first of own accord in (Buti) (Trachyspemum) roxburghianace ? = Boai Ajanda) and give it 7 putas (roastings), put it into an iron cup; over it give puta to these three-Dadimiu mala ta. 6, China camphor (Chiniu Kapura) or China smilex and realgar just with the juice of lemon. First give them dipagni, next hathagni for 64 praharas; go on putting the juice of that plant into an iron cup, if desire comes up. Mercury gets fixed well. The essence (is ready). There will be an appetite, if taken. (10) Combine these three-the powder of Nagareta (particles of lead) pai. 3, Cinnabar pai. 1 and the dust of dead earth worm. pai. 2, rub them together in the juice of lemon. Give 21 putas to the whole thing, 21 putas of the juice of the leaf of Indian teak tree (wood). Next make a layer of cloth and clay over a samputa by putting the whole thing into it, and keep it in the culba agamani. (agamani of oven) for 21 days. At some point heat touches (it), at some point it does not. Next take it out, the essence is ready), combine copper-leaf and dung of buffalo into salt by tadabadai, (mixnig ?) them, thus. 7 times. Next keep it in the juice of amathi (Ipomoea ?) for two days. Next melt that leaf tola 1, put 1 masa of the essence into it, put the juice of lemon Jasak into it. The sacrifice of Anarudhir is to be given into it. There becomes gold from the chemical action (Karmabhavat.) (11) Rub mercury in the juice of Kallara (red lotus ?) (Celsia coromandeliana) for two days; next sub it in the juice of Ubhi rigani = (Brhati = Solanum inidicum) for 1.day, next rub it in the milk of Kancali Thohara (Euphorbia nivuiia). Next put it into the patha (leaf) of green lumpy. 1. Flower, fruits stem, leaves and roots-5 parts. 2. Not identifd. For Personal & Private Use Only

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107 Aloe Vera, put over it a layer of wax and cloth and make putapaka of it in a Bhabhar Yantra. On gobalaine (stirring), there becomes gotaka (ball), rub it into the fruit of Ubhi-rigani (Solanum indicum) and give a little fire to it, till the juice gets dried up. Thus Puta. (8 ?) 108.. Take rasa (mercury fluid ?) by making it wet with the lemon with two rasas of Nagachikani (Centipeda orbicularis), grind it into it and give it fire little, by little; gotika (pills) gets bound (fixed). By taking out the juice of Centipeda orbicularis, rub mercury, alum, malla (Somala) = oxide of arsenic and cinnabar in equal quantity and cast the whole thing into a crucible. Put first mercury, next leaf, next cinnabar, next alum, next put the juice of centipeda orbucularis. At first black smoke will come out. Next at the second time when rasa (mercury) is mixed up, then blue smoke comes out. At the third time when in mixing rasa (mercury), white smoke comes out. Next take out the whole thing, pill (ball) is produced. Next melt it by making tin (trapu), next, if it is (becomes) very hard, give borax into it for the second time and melt it, ball sucks water on turning. Having 'put charcoal by the side of crucible make phuk Vuja, grind the essence, mix it up, there becomes (gold ?). No doubt here. (11x) Take mercury to. 1, clove to. 4, Chaleta to. 4, lakadi 4, (Rheum emodi), centipeda orbicularis, euphorbia niviia and betal leaf, and combine and heat them for 4 praharas. (12) The process of making Mudra Drench fenu greek (Trigonella foenum graccium) (Methi) into water and drench (make wet) Multani mati (Multani soil) into the water of Methi, Make mudra of it first. Next dry it up on the burnnig charcoal; grind first the drenched Methi and the powder of adad (phaseolus radialus). in equal portion. Next make a seal. On the seal made first, spread out the powder of stone over it. Next dry it up. . (13) Grind sulphnr ta. 5 sal-ammoniac. ta. 5, and honey ta. 10 with the urine of a child for seven day in an earthen pot with the butt (piston) of wood of Sahatut (a kind vanaspati). 1 Next put silver into the essence by melting it; gold. (14) Rub tin 1, mercury 1, Kayam Navasara (sal-ammoniac) 1, and carbonate of potash = potassium carbonus (Javakhara) in the juice of the leaf of Aloe Vera. Close the mixture up (put) into a crucible of the shape 1, not yet identifeid. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
108 of gostana (cow's udder), give it fire of coal, boil candrark (probably a vanaspati) and brinjal, seed of Balanites Aegyptia, syn B., Roxbutghii), sulphur and cuu. 1 Put the whole thing into a bottle. The process makes * mercury fixed. It is done by Soni Devaji. (15) Reduce to paste mercury in Momordica Charantia (Karli) for three ith the butt of green Neem wood (Melia Azadirachta). Close it up by giving Haravasi (a kind of plant ?) and Naravasi (a kind of plant ?) under and over it. Give it fire for 2 praharas. (There will be) black silver. (16) Make pills of orpiment 1, sulphur 1, realgar 1, thuthu (a kind of poison); golden pyrite 1, cinnabar 1 and light green vitriol with honey. The essence will assimilate silver of equal portions. It becomes equal to gold. Its carat increases. (17) Take sal-ammoniac ta; 3, alum ta. 3, thuthu ta. 3, red chalk ta. 3, Khadi (white chalk ?) ta. 3, Multani mati ta. 3 and pohara 2 of brick ta. 3, all in equal portion. Make a thorn-piercing leaf of gold of 8 carats, smear or dip it with or in rasin (mercury ?), spread out the powder of these things. Next give a layer of wax and cloth over saravasamputa (by putting the whole thing into saravasamputa) in a Valukayantra and heat it for 1 prahara, there increases the carat. (18) Boil and keep $ part of the whole thing-five parts (root, stem, branch (or flowers), leaf and fruit). of Peristrophe bicaliculata (Kakajamgha). Rub the seed of Alangium lamakrii (Amkoli); smear it in a new plate. Put that plate high up in the sunshine of Vaisakh-Jyestha. Oil (will come out of it), apply that, it acts. (19) Rub the powder of seeds of datura in the essence (decoction) of uttarayana (a kind of vanaspati pergularia extensa); keep it into two plates. Put it in the sunshine, oil comes out of it. Like this oil of cotton-seeds, oil of the seeds of Achyranthus aspera, and oil of Horse radish, if taken out, come out. If you dip the aforesaid thing in the essence of Achyran thus aspera and rub and smear into the plate and put it in the sunshine, oil , comes out. By this method make juice of the five parts of Aloe Vera, dip the powder of seeds of Jamalagota (a kind of plant) into it by making its powder and rub it, oil comes out. Putting (laying out the leaf of guta into a bottle, place sulphur over it, place it layer by layer. Take the essence like cuya, take artha (the thing). That artha will come into use, it fixes mercury, while iron gets killed by its use. 1. Not yet identified. 2. Not clear. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
109 (20) Rub mercury to. 1 in the juice of uttarayana (Daemia extensa ?) to. 1, for 7 days. Rub it in the juice of Celastrus paniculata (Malakamgni) to. 7 and in the juice of black datura to. 7 for 7 days, every day to. 1. Next put a cup of long gourd under a sarava (lid); give pieces of Datura over it, close the sarava, give it fire for 4 praharas. If red colour is generated, it (mercury) dies. (21) Rub all these-mercury pai. 1, Centipeda orbicularis pai. 1 by drenching (dipping) it (or them) in the lemon (juice), and (putting) sulphur damai (pai) bhar and borax pai bhar into them. Next rub them all in the ice of colallocarpus epigaeus (Nahi), close the whole thing in a samputa lid) and give it fire for 1 prahara. Put a pill of sal-ammoniac pai. 10 into an earthen vessel, put tin or lid over it, put a pot of siddhi (leads ?) over it by filling it up; make a hole at the bottom of the (under) the pot. First go on giving a little rasa (juice) like tuya (drops), next slowly make thick stream upto 3 days, water is sucked. Both make noise and continue to make noise, then it is accomplished. Its test-that which becomes red sucks the water of tin, that is to be known as-pegami Navasara. First give dipagni (light of lamp), next increase and increase (it.) (22) Combine sulphur, ( sr. and green vitriol ta. 10; give their essence 108 putas of Aloe vera on fire, next mix 1 tola of copper and 1 rati of the essence. Gold ? (23) Reduce mercury to. 1 to paste in Kerarasa (juice of capparis decidua Edgew) and Aconite Ferox, put it into lemon (juice), (next) put it into ash; give it fire for 4 ghatikas (4x24 = 96 minutes). It becomes silver, true. 3. (24) Grind suiphur ta. 3, orpiment ta. 3, cinnabar ta. 3, vermillion ta. 3, mercury ta. 3, golden pyrite ta 6, Dalimarasa (essence of pomegranate = punica granatum) ta. 1, zinc ta. 3, borax ta. 3. and glass ta. 9; spead out glass powder under and put the powder of medicine over, put the leaf of zinc over it. Again put medicine, again cover it with glass (powder ?), cover it up with seal. Give it fire for li praharas. There becomes gold .. (24x) Cook Rala (resin) and borax in the juice of lemon for 2 praharas. Put the essence into copper, cook rala alone and give it water, it becomes gold. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
. 110 (25) Give 3 putas of Datura to mineral calamine ta. 4, 3 putas of Kamoti (a kind of plant), 3 putas of Achyranthus aspera (aghala) and, 3 putas of turmeric (halud) to it. Make a copper leaf ta 4, grind (pound) the medicine in the oil of Anacardium la. 4 and smear the leaf in a closed crucible for 6 ghadis (6x24 = 144 minutes) by melting it. There becomes gold. (26) Put sulphur into a ripe Bel (Aegle marmelos) and place it into an earthen vessel; close it up and put it into a dust heap for a month. Take it out and mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola of silver. There becomes faint (light)-coloured gold; it should be dipped into the water at or a kind of plant). There takes place an increase of its carat. (27) Mix tin with sulphur. Silver. (28) Rub sulphur sr. and honey i sr., then rub mercury # sr. in the juice of ocimum sanctum; combine both of them and fill them into a bottle and put three layers of cloth and clay 'over it. Dig a pit with a depth upto the waist and fill it up with horse dung, and keep that bottle into it for 6 months. (There becomes) oil, it is to be given (smeared) to silver. Gold ? (29) Rub ta 5 of each of Achyranthus aspera, (aghada), wedelia calendulacea (bhangaro), black datura (kalo dharta), halulau (Myrobalans ?), Dhaholii and mercury to. 3, mercury is fixed. (30) Cook cinnabar to. 1, in the clarified butter to. 21, curd to. 21, honey to. 21, and sulphur to. 21, thus cook it in 84 tolas of these things true. Silver (becomes) gold. leaf of Hastikand (Colceasia (30x) Cook mercury in the juice of Indica ?), it gets fixed. (31) Take a cup of copper of ta. 1, make rububing (carii)2 of mercury ta. 10, fill the cup with the juice of cymnema sylvestre, give it fire of 5 praharas. Next the cup breaks up; tin or lead gets dried up. (32) Fill sulphur into a bulb of onion and cook it by giving it fire for 2 praharas; sulphur gets fixed. 1. Not identified. 2. Not clear, it may be rubbling. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
111 (33) Give Anacardium under and over the leaf of zinc by grinding it (Anacardium); give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. When there remains half of it, combine it with silver, give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Rub mercury, in green tobacco in a Kacala (pot ?). Mercury gets fixed. (34) Cook together sulphur pai. 1, sal-ammoniac, pai. 1, and honey pai. 1; mix 1 rati of the essence with silver to. 1. Gold ? (35) Rub an egg of a hen in the rasa (mineral) of sulphur pai. 1 and sal-ammoniac pai. 1. Fill the whole into the case of the egg and give it fire (dipagni)-dipa-Jyoti or cook it in the oil of linseed in a Dolikayantra. Mix the essence 1 ratI with silver to. 1. gold? (36) Grind samgharaph (a kind of cinnabar) ma. 6, seed of Termination chebula (Haritaki), mineral calamine, seed of croton tig. ma. 6, borax ma. 6 and copper ma. 6 separately and combine them together, put i of the whole thing under, of it over the leaf of copper in between (them), heat it in a closed crucible for 6 ghaais (6x24=96 minutes). There becomes gold. (37). Make a lump of mercury and zinc and rub them of white oleander (Nerium odorum) for one prahara. Close (plate) by smearing it with the essence. (Gold). ? in the juice the copper (38) Rub mercury, lead, cinnabar and sulphur in equal proportion in the juice of Aloe vera and heat the essence in a copper samputa (Sarava = lid) on fire of coal. (There become gold). (39) Rub mercury and lump of zinc in the juice of Elephantosus (gobhi scaber). Close sulphur 1, realgar 1, cinnabar 1, green vitriol and red ochre 1 in a copper samputa. Give it fire of coal. (Gola ?) (40) Rub cinnabai 1, suro (Khara) (nitrate of potash) 1, with the juice of lemon and give it 21 patas. (roastings) and fire of 4 ghaais (4 x 24 minutes). (There becomes) gold. (41) Quench the leaf of brass in the oil of Butea frondosa or dry it up by smearing it with oil of Butea frondosa. (There becomes) gold. (42) Give 21 putas (roasting) to orpiment and Rala (resin) in the juice of Aloe vera. Put it into a bottle and take its oil (by boiling it). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
Vajramusa (Hard or strong crucible). (1) Make a crucible by grinding all these together-ash of fine coating of rice 2 (parts), chalk 1 (Part), katho (lime mixed with khadir), ash of dry wild cowdung cake 1, salt 1, Katadi1 1 (not identified) 1, jhiko 2 1 and clay of potter or make a crucible by grinding together salt part 1, and ash 3 or 7 (parts). (2) Rub all these five-Helioteris isora (muradaragimga) masa 5, cinnabar ma. 5, yellow somala (oxide of arsenic) ma. 5, mercury ma. 5, and borax ma. 5 for 1 prahara. Next cover the whole thing for 8 days; do thus by rubbing them everyday. Next bring a piece (dadovo) of black Bhodala (mica) and make a good crucible by boring a hole into it. Make smearing on these two crucibles with good chalk. Next fill medicines (into them). Next give cuya (drops) of the juice of lemon and shoe flower = Hibiscus rosa - sinensis java (Jasuda) (into them) by drops for 4 praharas. Apply 1 srs. of it in this case. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper and heat them into an open crucible. There becomes gold. SECOND SECTIGN (Dvitiya Pariccheda) = (3) Make a lump of copper ma. 1 and zinc ma. 1 (together); pour the mixture into the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia seven times. Next pour it into the juice of Aloe vera and turmeric seven times. Next grind borax ta. 1 and thutho (a kind of poison) ta. 1 and give half of it under (that mixture) and half of it over, heat it on the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes; give (put) it into a small earthen saravala (lid.) There becomes gold. 1. Not identifieid. 2. Not identifeid. (4) Purify (copper) leaf pai. 1 bhar with the essence of mineral calamine pai. 1, borax pai., mercury pai.wedelia calendulacea pai. 1, golden turmeric pai. 14 and oil of Anacardium pai. 1 by finely grinding all ofthem separately. Next rub mercury in the oil of Anacardium; when they become one, then put mineral calamine, next put borax, next mix all and grind in a Mohaka (Datura ?). Next give, 1 tablet of the combination and 1 tablet over (the leaf); thus give (put them) layer by layer. Then heat it in a closed crucible up to ghadis (6x24 minutes); gold. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
113 (5) Rub somala (oxide of arsenic) in the juice of Horse-radish. Rub these two together-the inner bark of Horse radish tree and cow's milk pai 1 bhar, and take out the juice, 'rub somala, (oxide of iron); next make pill of it, put it into an earthen crucible, make a closed crucible, give it gajaputagni of goat-dung-5 srs. every day; give it fire for 21 days. This process dries up the water of mercury and tin; mis, paisa 2 bhar (of copper) and 2 ratis of the essence. (Gold ?) (6) Purify the leaf of zinc in the juice of Anacardium, next quench it in Goyala (a kind of plant), in white oleander (Nerium odorum), in the urine of ass, in Elephantopsus scaber (gobhi), in Auliphul! 5 in the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (vajri), in Aloe vera (?) and Nisa.2 Next make leaf of it pai. 1, grind (pound) cinnabar ma. 1, realgar ma. 2, kaneri-somala (a kind of oxide of iron) ma. 2, orpiment ma. 2, juice of tamarind 1, juice of Aloe vera 1 and juice of Elephantopsus Scaber 2 and close them into a copper samputa. (Heat it) on fire of dry wild cow-dung cake-10 srs. and coal 3i sr. Rub realgar $ sr. in the essence of grapes and saimdhava salt. The seven processes of taking out the essence (i) Take out the essence of (metals and minerals) by blowing dirt in a Damaruyantra. (ii) Rub sulphur i sr. in the asava (essence) of grapes and take it out by blowing dirt. (iii) Rub somala (oxide of arsenic) sr. and aramgoli = erandi (Ricinus communis) 2 sr. in the white portion of an egg of hen and take out the the essence by blowing dirt. (iv) Take Samgharapha (somala) sr., keep amla (Phyllanthus emblica) by dipping (drenching) it in the juice of lemon and rub samgharapha in that water. Take out the essence by blowing dirt. (v) Rub golden pyrite sr. and borax 4 sr. in honey and clarified butter, next there does (should) not remain Jeharau 3 of Bharata. Make construction of the whole thing and rub (it); give coal into the mouth (other oven). By doing thus, take out the thing of the bottom portion. (vi) Rub sal-ammoniac { sr. and lime of oyster-shell i sr. in the milk of calotropis gigantea i sr, and cow's milk i sr. and take out the essence by blowing dirt.. 1, Not indentified. 2. Not indentified 3. Not indentified. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
114 - (vii) Take out the essence of mica by blowing out dirt on the day of Mulanaksatra... These are the seven processes of taking out the essence (7) Mix these three-kaginda 1 sr. (panicum milia ceum ?), mercury 1 sr. and sulphur 15 srs. and put them into a Chinese cup. Cook them into an earthen vessel for cooking rice. Mercury becomes ash (i.e. killed). (8) Rub mercury ss. in the juice of bitter long gourd 1 sr., the juice of the leaf of calotropis gigantea 1 sr, and the juice of the leaf of euphorbia nivuiia 1 sr. for 5 praharas. Next give it fire for 15 praharas. (If taken), one's appetite becomes double. (9) Put mercury # sr. into lead-samputa (lid) of 1 sr., place the samputa into an earthen pot (or bowl). Next pour horse's' urine 5 srs. into it by mixing with samcalaluna (kind of salt) I ss; give (put) seven layers of cloth and clay over it and give it fire for 16 praharas. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 sr. of tin. Silver is produced. Action of Cup (10) Keep orpiment 8 srs. and red Abrus precatorious i sr. dipped in the milk of she-goat and take out oil in Patalayantra. Next put mercury 1 sr. into a zinc cup of 2 srs; make that cup drink (i.e. dip) into the juice of Lamprachoenium microcephalum (Brahmadandi)-2 srs. Fill oil into it, put lead (Nada ga ?) in between sambhara lupa 3 srs. (Sambhara salt) by crushing it. Put the cup over it, fill the cup with that oil, place the earthen bowl over that cup. Fill 15 srs. of sambharaluna over that, give fire under it for 12 praharas, give (mix) 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of cooper. (11) Put the juice of Bugo (a kind of plant) 1 sr. and mercury 1 sr. into an iron pot, give it fire for 5 praharas, give cuya (drops) to the whole thing. Stir up the whole thing with the root of Buge. If 114 to(la) of tin are mixed (given) into lead, there becomes gold. (12) Rub mercury in the juice of Ipomaea reniformis and the juice of Aloe vera and quench it into kakasi (sisymbrium irio), There becomes silver. (13) Rub mercury in the juice of Ipomaea, Close it into a copper samputa (lid), and fill rasa (juice of mercury) in, it and close it firmly. The essence makes (creaties) sexual appette. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #164
115 (14) Put mercury pai. 1 and zinc pai. into a copper-Samputa and fill it up with the juice of Ipomaea reniformis and close the Samputa and give it fire. (Gold ?) (15) Rub orpiment pai i, mercury pai i and cinnabar (Samgharaph) pai. 1 in the juice of Centipeda orbicularis and juice of lemon. Make a hole into a brick and cook them into it. Give caya (drops) of lemon juice to the whole thing. Mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola (of copper). There becomes gold. (16) Put mercury pai. 24 into a zinc cup of pai 1. Next fill sambharaluna (Sambhar salt) 3 srs. into an earthen bowl. Put the cup over that (it), fill it up with the juice of lemon, make (lit) hathagni under it. Give juice till mercury gets reduced to ash, (put), (the essence) into 1 tola (of copper ?), (gold ?), (17) Put mercury pai. 24 into a zinc cup of pai 5 bhar. Fill salt into an earthen bowl, next mix cinnabar 1, realgar 1, orpiment 1 & somala (oxide of arsenic) 1 under and give the cup over, (from above). Give caya of lemon, black Aloe vera and urine of ass till the whole thing becomes lime-like.Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Particularly give it cuya of lemon and Aloe vera. gold ? . (18) Put orpiment pai. 6 into glass cup, next fill up a big pan with the juice of Kasudi (Round podea cassia = cassia Sophero or Cassia occidentalis), keep it for 3 days and dry it up. Do thus 3 times. Next put the juice of Kolikanda (Indian Squvill). It gets dried up in one day. Do it thus for 3 days. Next filter Bassia Latifolia (Talio moharo) paisa 4 bhar with a piece of cloth, put it into orpiment and rub it with the juice of Cassia accidentalis and fill it into a bottle. Put hair into the mouth of the bottle. Next place (hold) the glass pot (cup) under that tube. Next give it fire of pieces of goat's dung 7 srs. in an earthen bowl. Take the essence which comes out from that (bottle). The essence which remains intoit, becomes white. Break the bottle and take out the essence. That essence makes copper white. Oil comes out. That makes silver bright. (19) Hold Indian Squvill (Kolikanda) on fire, when it becomes slightly warm, then take out its juice by pressing it with hand, put it (juice) into orpiment' and grind it (orpiment). Thus is the process of orpiment. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #165
116 . (20) (Take) a thick piece of cloth measuring the length of 1 cubit square, give it 6 saturations with the milk of calotropis gigantea. Apply sr. of it (to it). Thus on the seventh day there becomes wet cloth (nilaja vastra). Take sr. of sulphur and these five seeds :- pai 1 bhar of seeds, mustard seed, pai. 1 bhar of linseed, pai. 1 bhar of mesua ferrea (Nagakesar), pai. 1 bhar of Momordica Dioica (Kantali bija) and pai. 1 bhar. of Calotropis gigantea (arkabija). spread them out over the cloth and pour Kathoni (not identifeid). Make it (cloth) wet with the mustard oil, Khoine Trakalo 1 (not identifeid), keep the piece in one place, it gets melted by the contact of fire. Next melt silver to. I, and copper to. 1, one drop (of essence) is to be cast into that. When all copper gets decayed (assimilated), then silver becomes gold. (21) Put molasses 2 (parts), sulphur 2, lime 4, gorocana (a scented thing) 2 & a leaf of zinc into an open crucible Next give (put) that zinc into copper. Gold. (22) Put Dathiu sulphur ta. 3 into a small copper-box by grinding it, mix rice like pieces of zinc ta. 3 into it, spread out Sambhara salt-3 ratis over it by pounding it, give (put) a cover (lid) over the small box and a layer of clay and (cloth). After drynig up the two, give, it heat into the fire of dry wild cow-dung cakes-7 srs. On its getting cold, take it out. The grains of zinc like pearls become gold, take it. (23) Take mercury tola 34, zinc ta. 4, amalasara sulphur ta. 44, Teliu borax ta. 41, the juice of Aloe vera $ (ta) and the juice of black cirupoti (1 ta). Purify mercury in Jhika (not identified) in the juice of lemon for 3 days, next melt lead and zinc together, next make lump with mercury. Purify amalasara sulphur in mustard oil and quench it into it). Closing all things into a copper samputa, fill the juice of cirapoti and the juice of Aloe vera into a copper-box and close it. Wrap it up with iron wire; make a smearing over it by combining brick, sweet flag root, old boha 2 and molasses and crushing them; give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dry it up for 3 days, give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. On its getting cold, take it out. (There becomes) gold. (24) Rub the king of Sulphur (or sulphur and mercury) in the juice of variegated coloured Kakaruda (not identified 3), put zinc mixed with sambhara salt into a small copper box and wrap it up with iron wire and close it up, give it fire for four praharas. It is said by Mahadeva Majyo. 1. Not clear. . 2. Not identified. 3. It may be a kind of vanaspati, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #166
117 (25) Give 21 putas to Samkhiu somala (oxide of arsenic) in the juice of lemon, dry it up in the sun 21 times. Thus give 21 putas in the juice of kantathohara (Euphorbia nivuiia ?) and 21 atapas (21 heats) in the sun, 21 putas in the milk of Calotropis gigantea, 21 atapas (heats or drying up in the sun), 21 putas in the milk of Khrasani ajamo (Hyoscyamus Niger) 21 and atapas (heats in the sun). Next give it 21 putas (with the juice of) a big lemon, 21 putas, the Amorphophallus companulatus (Surana), 21 putas in gourd and 21 putas in Indian squvill (Kelikand). Smear the joint. Medicine is ready). (26) Grind these seven articles : . (i) Katho (lime) mixed with Khayer (khader) (ii) Lime (iii) Molasses (iv) Glass (v) Myrobalans (Terminalia Chebula) (Harada) (vi) Husk of rice and (vii) Sundarmu (red coating of rice); Close them into a vada (a kind of vessel) and put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it, i. e. close it. There becomes jotaka combination or piece. (27) Rub somala (Khar oxide of iron) 1, mercury 1, borax 1, and tin in the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum). Cook them in human urine in a Dolikayantra; mix that esscnce 3 masas into purifled copper to. 1; there becomes silver jotakam (pieces). (28) "Take samkhiu somala (oxide of arsenic) and mercury in equal portions. Rub them in the milk of Tridhara and Caudhara Thohar Euphorbia nivuiia) for 1 day and in the milk of Calotropis gigantea for 1 day. Making pills of them, put them into a samputa (lid), give salt under and and over them. Close the joint (gap) of samputa (lids) and put over it 3 layers of cloth (and clay), next put coal for (upto) 44 ghaais (44 x 24 minutes), when red flames come up, i. e, pour into fire). Mix pure copper tola. 1 and masa 3 of the essence). (There becomes) jotaka of (gold) of 16 carats. (29) Rub Somala to..3, and mercury { in the milk of cocoanut, next put the whole thing into a green cocoanut, give dato(to) (cover) of fiveleaved chaste tree (Nagali), make smearing of the joint (of the cocoanut), 1. Not identified. 2. It may be a kind of vanaspati. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #167
118 put 7 layers of cloth and clay (over it); mix the goat-dung and cow-dung and give it gajaputagni with their mixture, for 4 praharas. Mix 1 rati of the essence with pure copper tola 1, combine bija ma(sa) 3, Sri, (wealth) (will come). (30) Rub samkhiu somala (oxide of arsenic) to 1 and mercury ta 1 in (the juice of) lemon for 3 days; put borax masa 1 into them, make a ball (pill) of them, make a hole into a brinjal, put the whole thing into it and close it and do it 3 times. Mix 1 masa of the essence with 1 tola of copper, combine bija masa 3. Jotakam of (gold ?) (31) Make a hole into a gourd, rub somala (oxide of arsenic) tola 3, put it into that grourd and give a cover (into the hole), put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Give it gajaputagni (fire) of 5 maunds of dry wild cowdung cakes. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Clear silver comes out. Its name is Santagutika. (32) Rub mercury to. 1 in the juice of Tali Dudheli (euphorbia pilulifera) for 1 day, rub orpiment in the juice (Tiauri)' for 1 day, make pills of them and put them into the water of lime and cook them in Dolikayantra for 3 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper, combine 3 masas of bija, (essence ?), keep 5 (it) inside the house for 1 month. There become pure silver. (33) Make a hole into a Ksirakanda = Bhumikusmanda (pueraria. tuberosa) and put mercury ta. 2 into it, close the hole, keep it in cold water for 21 days. By taking it out, make worship. Keep that gutika into the mouth. If you think of the desire born in your mind to go to some place, you will go there. (34) Rub mercury into a cocoanut for 1 day and give it sunshine for 3 days. Next rub it in the juice of Bavi (a kind of Vanaspati). Make pill, keep it into the mouth; semen is fixed (i. e. penis gets erected.) (35) Make a crucible out of ash of mukhavastra (mouth cover) 1, ujali mati (bright soil) 1, and glass 1 in the milk of Nivadaga (a kind of Vanaspati). Take gara (clay and cow=dung) 1, lime 1, carbon of cloth (vastra-masi) 1, varulamati 1 and make a crucible in milk. (36) Take svetamati (white soil) bha. 1, lime bha. 1, flux bha 1, make vajramusa (hard or strong crucible). Take lime 1, clay 1, black katho 1, ash of rice (Vrahiraksa) 1, rust of iron (lohakata) 1 & haritaki 1 and make a vajramusa (strong crucible). 1. A kind of vanaspati. 1. Not identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
119 (37) Rub wet mica to. 12, and mercury to. 12 together. Rub sweetless honey (molo madh) and borax in clarified butter. Put the whole thing in a vajramusa and close it and put it into an earthen jar, give it bhathagni for 2 praharas. Next worship it by taking out. it Pill becomes Viryathambhi (i. e. it makes semen fixed). (38) Dry up water in tin. Next put it into 1 maund of milk-it comes out (vomits). Its name is Samtagutika. (39) Rub mercury ta. 12 and leaf of silver ta. 12 with lemon for 2 days. Next put the whole thing into a cocoanut: Close its mouth, give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Fill an earthen jar with sand, put the cocoanut into that, close the mouth of the jar. Dig a pit measuring 2 cubits, give it fire by putting goat's dung-4 maunds, i under, i over it in between the jar for 10 and 12 days. Next take it out. There becomes gotaka. If it drinks (assimilates) milk, it is successful (accomplished), if it does not drink, it is trivedhi (piercing threefold). Mix 1 tola of copper and 1 rati of the essence. By drinking milk lead becomes gold. (40) Rub mercury to. 1 in the juice of Datura for 2 days. Next combine together Samkhiu somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic) to 2, with them and rub it in honey. Next put the whole thing into a small copper box of 4 + 1/8 sis. and close it by putting the thing into it. By digging a pit of yard, put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Take white thing which comes up, mix 1 masa of that essence into 1 tola of copper. If sveta (silver) does not come up there is ash (ghagarai) lying under; take that. White mercury lying at the bottom of the box becomes all-piercing, melt it, that melted water is the essence. (Dip) brass into oil 7 times, then cast 4 masas of silver into half of the essence. Pumavacanani (words of Puma). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #169
TWELFTH The process of purification of Copper (1) Put Tamarind in the milk of she-buffalo and make it loose (dhilusu), pour copper vala 7 into it or by making copper leaf-heated, quench it into it. There takes place the purification of copper (or copper gets purified). CHAPTER (2) Rub the lime of Oyster-shell sr. and tin sr. in the milk of Euphorbia nerifolia, or in the milk of Calotropis gigantea sr. for (upto) 1 praharas. Next smear the middle part (peti) of an earthen vessel, give (put) a strong seal into the mouth of the bowl and give it fire for 4 praharas. In the morning, on its getting cooled down, take out the whole essence. Tin, getting melted form its belly (Peti), comes in the middle (inside); grind cinnabar ta. 1, borax (tamkanakhara) ta. and Morthuthu and mix them, and stir them up inside into that bowl. Again close the earthen bowl, give it fire for praharas by putting 7 layers of cloth and clay into the mouth of the bowl. Silver. The process of Pegami Navasara (Sal-ammoniac) (3) Take sal-ammoniae ta. 10, and powder of Nrtubali1 double (of the former) ta. 20; give sal-ammoniac under and over the latter. Give 7 putas to the whole thing in a Kabaciyantra; go on putting double-double powder in every puta. (As a result) there becomes pamcaramgi (five-coloured) pure pegami navasara. Pure Sal-ammoniac comes from the ship; put that kabaciyantra into that earthen bowl. Cover (it) under and over with double powder, give a lid (saravalu) (over it) upside down, put (give) a layer of cloth and clay over it. Fill sand over it, give it fire under it for 1 prahara and give it 7 putas. Again the process of Chemical action (4) Grind these things-sal-ammoniac pai. 5, Kalami cuno (a kind of lime) pai. 5, samudraphena pai. 5; put them into a big pot (carudo)- under andover, cover it and seal it up. Put seven layers of cloth and clay over it (carudo), dry it up and give it fire into a bhati of a furnace. Next put sal-ammoniac into a pan of Kantiloha (a kind of iron) and make it wet with water; put it there where is air, at night it gets melted and becomes (rasa) (fluid or liquid.) Put it on the furnace in the morning. Give it fire with the wood of cotton till the liquid gets dried up; put it again in the air, again give it fire. It remains in the juice in doing thus. It is produced. 1. Not yet identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
121 Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of tin, 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. The essence pierces eight kinds of metal. If Navasari * Pegami is found, there the piece (it) becomes a little fixed. (5) Rub malla (Somala = Oxide of arsenic) 1 sr. in the juice of five limbs of Kharijali (Mustard tree of Scripture = Salvadora persica ?), Viz. fruit, flower, leaf, bark and root, put it into a bowl made of glass (Kacaohalita ?), give it fire in a Damaruyantra for 4 praharas. Thus give 40 putas of Khicadi (hotch potch ?). If the bowl breaks, make a new one. On doing thus the whole thing settles down like silver at the bottom. Mix #sr. of tin into 1 tola of copper and 14 rati of the essence. (6) Melt saji (Khar = natron) 1, rock salt 1, somala (oxide of arsenic) 1, borax 1, Bagdadi orpiment 1 and vajrakhara (a kind of sodium) in the juice of Achyranthus aspera. By melting copper to. 1, put the essence 1 masa into it, silver of 19 visvas (carats) is produced. (7) Melt (or heat) realgar 8 and Kaganel' 8 314 for 24 praharas (3 days). Mix 1 rati of the essence into silver-vala 1. There becomes gold of 13 carats. (8) Cook (or heat) realgar 31, orpiment 2 3/4 and cinnabar 2 3/4 in Dolikayantra for 24 praharas; mix, (the whole thing) with Kaganela 61 sra. After performing: 3 Bhairava pajas (worship of Bhairava). it is completed. By melting silver vala 1, put 1 rati of the essence into it. There becomes gold of 13 carat. Test is experienced-Tagula ghi-thimga mera. Tagula 2 ghee (clarified butter) and thimga 3 mera (pot identified) are of mire). Paca amgulane mera padava To put (rings) on the five fingers of mine). That is, gold is produced. (9) Grind together Herpestes monniera vala t and Centipeda orbicularis (chikani) vala 14 or Herpestes 11 (Brahmi), centipeda vala 31, Mahia varaha mittika 30 srs., realgar 6, and Kananuji golden pyrite 6, mercury ta. 6, cinnabar ta. 6, gau orpiment ta. 6, Dalamiu Malla (Somalakhara) (oxide of arsenic) ta. 6, sulphur, ta. 6 = thus ta. 12, and cast the whole thing into a vessel by rubbing them together. Oil or essence is to be taken out in a Patalayantra. Smear the leaf of silver with that essence. (There becomes) gold. Give 65 putas of citrus medica to cinnabar. Mix the essence-ga. 1 into copper vala 1. (gold). 1. Not identified.. 2. Not identified. 3. Not identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
(10) Rub together cinnabar ta. 1, Phitaki Malla (a kind of oxide of arsenic) 1, sulphur 1, Mastaki i (pistacia Lenliscus) seed of luffa echinata (Kukanavela) 1' in the juice of Aloe vera i ta. (11) Rub cinnabar 1, Haramaai 1, (Peganum Harama) and Arkakoila 1 (Calotropis gigantea ?) in a white brinjal and get the whole thing dried up in the shade; put a layer of cloth and clay over it, and give it fire for 12 .praharas. Mix the essence vala 14 into copper ga. 1. Gold ? (12) Close red Somala (oxide of arsenic) 1, borax 1, Kaneriu orpiment 1, mercury 1, sulphur-double of it into a pot and put it into a dust-bin, keep it there for a month. Yogavidya is true. (13) Grind cinnabar ta. 9, Ferula Asafotida (Hing) and gum of Butea frondosa in the juice of citrus medica (Bijora); smear the essence on the leaf of copper, give it 65 kurmaputas, grind cinnabar with the juice of Bijora (citrus medica), grind also 2 medicines, smear the essence on the copper leaf. Pure silver is produced. It is experimented by Rsi Samghaji. (14) Take the seed of Fenugreek (Methi) having Kalaphula (black flower or Evolutus alsinoides), 1 or 2 Samo (Panicum iolonum ?) and seed of pigera arvensis (Kanajhari) 1; take ksira (milk) of these three by cooking them in the milk of she-sheep. One sees underground (hidden) treasure. If he vomits, he does not see (it). (15) Rub the root of patala Tumbari (Ceropegia Scuminala) root of white satodi (Horse purslane), Patalamadhu (a kind of vanaspati), or white Kanera (sweet-scented oleander and make collyrium). Bind 49 leaves of pipala (Ficus Religlosa) on the eyes. One sees (underground) wealth. If he is born in Mulanaksatra, he sees it, or one who has drunk, sees it. . (16) Bind Pata (bandage). over the eyes by putting 7 putas (pieces) of Mahivastra. 1 Take 14 roots of white Butea frondosa of the northern direction. Apply the collyrium over the eyes of some one; he sees underground (hidden) treasure. (17) Rub Pegami sal-ammoniac ma. 2 and Juice of Jalasi ma. 1 (a kind plant) with equal quatity of milk of Nagarjunt (Euphorbia pilulifera). and smear the-copperleaf. Silver. 1. A kind of Cloth, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
123 (18)- Rub tin i sr. and mercury ta.6, (rum) Kam. 1. with the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera and the juice of lemon in equal portion. Smear the essence on the copper-leaf 21 (times) and dry it up in the shade and, give 16 patas in the sun. Next melt it; gold. **(19) Grind vatalapanni Suvanphali 1 phali, so, mula men (Bergenia ligulata) with mula (root) and branch. Its rasa is produced from only one Mayagalle) vari 1; (elephant remains at the gate), i.e., gold will be produced. . (20) Rub all these mercury-pala 5, sulphur-pala 10, Kaganela pala. 25; put the whole thing into an old pot and close it up, place it inside a furnace for 6 months. So like that so that the heat of fire affects it; give that oil into silver de, i. (There may be gold ?). . . (21) Saji varaji cunadani vihulimano hariyala 1 sulalita hove ujalu kahu kare dukala 11. (Take) natron, varaji 2 cunadanivihu,3 double orpiment. It will be beautiful and bright, what the famine will do ? . By combinging all these together in equal portion, give the essence to the leaf of tin layer by layer. Fill it into a horn of she-buffalo and close it up.. Put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it and give it fire bhatagni for 3 days. Silver is accomplished. (22) Drink the essence of Sebala (Ferula Sumbul ? or Vitex trifolia) bha, 4, Devadara (cedrus deodara). bha. 4, and Bijoru (Citrus medica) bhara 8, with cow's milk after three days of mensturation; salt and sour (things) are to by given up. (There will be) male child. (23) Grind Malla samkhiu (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ta. 1, mercury ta. 1, mineral calamine (khapariu) ta. 1, and godanti orpiment ta. 1; make clarified butter by heating the fat of she-goat 1i sr, give tuya (drops) to the fine powder (of abovementioned things) with clarified butter in an earthen pot. Make dipagni in fire, dry up all clarified butter, dry it up in 10 or 20 days. Mix tin to. 1 with 2 rati of the essence. Use the fat of sheep in case of alternative, (24) Grind lime of oyster shell in the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia. Keep that powder dipped (immersed) in the milk for 8 praharas. Next fill it into a horn of she-buffalo and close it up; give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dig a pit measuring upto the knee. Put the horn into it, give it fire of 2 baskets of dry wild cowdung cakes. The thing is produced. 1. Not deciphered. 2 Not diciphered. 3. Not diciphered, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
124 (25) Take the juice of Asarvata 1 sr. and the juice of Hadasakala (cissus quadrangularis)- 13 srs.; give tuya (drops) of mercury to silver; (give) tuya of the two juices to it in an iron cup; make mandagni, put 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of tin. (There will be) silver. (26) Cook tridhari, Hadusamkali (Cissus Triangularis) on fire for 21 days; next by grinding Kaneriu realgar, smear the leaf of zinc with it; give it layer by layer on the leaf; put it into an earthen bowl and close it up, put 7 layers of cloth (and clay) (over it), put it into Valukayantra. Close it up; make mandagni (slow fire) for 8 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of silver. (There becomes gold) of 8 carats. (26x) Take a piece of phatakiu Malla (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ta. 6, put it into the hole of Amorphophallus campanulatus by making it into this thing, give a lid (cover) into its mouth by putting the juice of Abrus precatorius (cinothi) into it. By covering it and fiiling sand into an earthen bowl, put Amorphophallus inside it (bowl) and place it on the furnace; give it fire till the juice inside Amorphophallus gets dried up. Thus next close (it) into Indian squvill = Urginoea Indica (Kolikanda) and wrap it up with cowdung and heat it next. Put it into lemon, wrap it up in cowdung, 7 put it into Bhara 2 Thus do seven times. Take out the lemon, melt copper ta. 10, put powder-gadiano 1. Next give it 7 putas of Babi 3 silver. (27) Take Phitakiu malla (a kind of oxide of arsenic) 1, mercury ga. 2, thutho (a kind of poison) ga. 2, lime of conch-shell (samkhi cuno) ga 2 and 2 cups of tin, weighing ta. 66. By making powder of the medicine, put it into one cup; next close its mouth by giving (putting) the second cup over it. Next rub green vitriol in the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum), smear it on the cup, next give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next fill the jar with sand, put the cup inside it, fill sand over it, measuring 2 fingers. Next seal up the mouth of the jar with a lid, close it with clay and give it fire for 2 praharas. The essence is produced. Mix the essence vala 1 into copper gadi. 1. There becomes 18 carats (Visva) (of gold ?). (28) Rub mercury ta. 4 and sulphur ta 4 in the juice of Clenolepis cerasiformis (Samkhaholi) for 1 day; grind them in the juice of Horse purslane (Satodi) for 1 day, & grind them in the juice of Aloe vera for 1 day in a mortar in good manner. Next put the whole thing into a glass kettle (casket) 1. A kind of fruit, 2. A kind of vessel 3. Not deciphered. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
125 and give (put) a layer of clay over the bottle and get it dried up, in the shade; again smear it, dig a little deep pit, put half goat's dung under (it) and half over it, place a cover over it, Burn it with fire for 3 days. When it becomes red, take out the essence. Next melt copper ta. 3, put the essence vala 2 into it. There becomes silver. Melt that which is not produced in an open crucible. It becomes of 12 carats. True. (29) Make a cup of silver, put mercury ga. 1 into it, bring the milk of Euphorbia Nerifolia sr., sprinkle it on mercury by drops; (next) give it fire in an earthen bowl for 28 praharas, give it bhatagni. Make fire (i. e. give it fire) upto that time (till) it becomes soft; when pressed by nails it gets powdered, put the cup into the earthen bowl. Mix sand with the grind of old fine grain of rice, put that sand into the bowl, put the cup on that sand. Put the essence vala 2 into 9 tolas of tin. There becomes good silver. (30) Take mineral calamine ta 9 and the juice of leaves of good zizyphus saliva (achanabori), grind the mineral calamine with that and make together a lump. Next put the hair of a man into the lid (Saravala), put the lump of medicine into it and close the lid, give it fire for three days by placing bhari (bundle of fire-stick) into dry wild cowdung cakes. That is, the essence is produced. Mix vala 2 of the essence into copper gadiyana 1. There becomes silver of 14 carats. Thi s page (31) If cinnabar i ta. is taken with water of sour curd at day time; poison comes out from the belly-(stomach). (32) Make collyrium rubbing the root of Istar., the root of Herpestes monniera (Brahmi) and the root of Corallocarpus epigaeus) (Nahi) upto 34 ghaais (34 x 24 minutes = 84 minutes). This is the process of making invisible, if (it is applied.). 1. Not deciphered, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
THIRTEENTH CHAPTER First Section. (1) Aum Salutation to Khap[khalari(ya)1 Vetala. He whose name I give is affected by this incantation. If it does not affect (him), it is the order of Brahmajala 2 (god). If any one who fears by seeing me dies. On khap(kha)ariya Vetala; your strength manifests, my will gets fulfilled. "Aum phuta svaha 1." By reciting this incantation, feed one 5 caryophyllus aromaticus, he or she will be over-powered or enchanted. .... (2) Mix mercury ta 4 and sulphur ta 4 with the milk of she-sheep (ewe) for 1 day, next mix them with the juice of lemon for 1 day, next the essence is accomplished. Next melt tin ta. 9 and mix it with the essence vala 2, (There be comes) silver. (3) Put one handful of rice in a cocoanut having water, grind it, mercury is produced. (4) Take white Tinospora cordifolia (galo) and its five limbs-fruit, flower, bark, leaf and root, make them dry in the shade. Mix 1 sr. of them with tin ta. 4. (There becomes) silver. (5) Rub white glass (svetakaci) i and mercury for 3 days. Next smear the copper-leaf with their essence (rasa) and melt it. There becomes silver, (6) Put phatakiu Malla (a kiud of oxide of arsenic) ma 6 in vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum). Next mix the medicine into copper 64 (ma or tola); it pierces. (7) Keep Cadaba farinosa Forsk (Teliukanda) in oil for 5 days; do it in such a way as four fingers get sunk. Next grind Cadaba farinosa with oil + sr.; melt 1 sr. of lead and put it into that mixture of oil and Teliok. anda. (There becomes) gold. 1. It may be a kind of plant. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #176
(8) Grind khara (a kind of alkaline salt) to. 3, turmeric to. 3, lemon juice to. 3; melt zinc to. 1; go on putting the powder and go on putting the juice of leaves of 7 black daturas; go on blowing ashes, thus go on putting juice up to 3 tolas. Mix 1 tola of copper with 14 masas of the essence. Gold ? (9) Melt sulphur into a tapeli (pot), pour it into the juice of Bandali (Loranthus longifolia) 14 times; melt together copper and silver. Mix their combination-gadi. 1 with the essence vala 1. Gold ? (10) Mix phe 1 camphor and borax, ta 7, each. Fill them into Kstranna (sweet rice cooked with milk-?) and keep them there for 22 praharas. There will be camphor. .. (11) Scraping the nali (wood tube) of bamboo, fill it into the womb or bulb (Cepa) of the banana plant, fill barasa camphor 2 under and over it and spreading it, keep it in the sunshine for 2 ghacis (2 x 24 minutes); barasa comphor is produced. (12) Boil the juice of the leaf of lemon, the juice of the leaf of tamarind and the juice of the banana leaf in equal proportions and smear the penis, enjoy the wife. The penis gets fixed like that of a dog. The erection or fixation of the penis (takes place). True. (13) Rub together both the roots-the root of black cirami (a kind of plant = black pepper), and that of (* plant it is missing) and smear the penis as said before. (14) Grind together natron ta. 1, hamsapaka (cinnabar ?)' ta 1, realgar ta. 1 and orpiment ta. 1, put i sr. of milk of one-coloured cow in an earthen vessel, give a cover over it. Make dipagni (and heat it). Take out all milk from it (esase). Next purify tin and make a leaf of it. Melt it into an open crucible by giving the powder of the essence layer by layer. Silver is accomplished. .. . (15) Grind grains of tin sr., lime of sipa-cuno (oyster shell) { sr. and Kalicuno (a kind of lime)- sr., with the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (Vajri) and Calotropis gigantea, put the whole thing into the horn of a buffalo and close it; give it fire of goat's dung for 4 praharas by putting 7 layers of cloth and clay oyer it. The essence becomes ready. when half of it is burnt. . . . 1, Not clear. 2, Borne Java's or comphor. For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 (16) Dip the fruit of yellow Loranthus longifolia (Bandali) with seed2 srs. into the urine of ass for 8 praharas. Next take out the fruits and press them into the urine and throw out the dirt. Next take Haramiu' mercury 1 sr. Take out its dirt 21 times. Next put the whole thing into an earthen bowl and give it fire under it; give tuya (drops) of Khichali (hotch potch ?) slowly to mercury. Do not allow rasa (fluid or juice) to get dried up; give taya (drops) continuously up to 8 praharas. When mercury becomes of yellow colour, the essence is accomplished, By melting Rutha (pa)naradi (a kind of silver ?) - gadiyana 64, put mercury ga. I into it, there will be truth. (17). Rub all these-lead ga. 5, mercury ga. 5, realgar ga. 5 and orpi'ment ga. 5, with the juice of Bandali (Loranthus longifolia) for 3 days. Next fill all (these things) into the horn of a cow, next give a seal into the mouth of the horn with a piece of earthen potsherd. Then put a seal on all sides by grinding molasses and salt; next put 7 layers of cloth and clay over the horn and dry it up. Then give it fire of goat's dung upto 20 days. Next on its getting cooled down, give (mix) the essence ga. '1 into tin gadiyana 64, pour tin into water of Eugenia = Jumbolana) 108 times. There becomes silver. That is, according to own view, combined with Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pilulifera) lying inside a pond of Viramgaon or with Wedelia calendulacea)Success. (18) Take out dirt from mercury sr; next filter it with a hard piece of cloth, next rub it with the juice of ocimum sanctum for 14 days, do not allow it to get dried up. Next put ciniu camphor ta. 5 into it and mix with it. Next fill it into a glass bottle, again fill 1 sr. of the juice of ocimum sanctum into it, then put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next the process of demonstrating puta (roasting) . (19) Make the liquid (rasa) of earth (clay) and soak (dip) a piece of cloth into it, wrap a bottle with it, wrap thread over it, like that give seven putas to it. Next get it dried up; next close the mouth of the bottle (kupi) with clay by making (putting) a piece of brick (into its mouth). Next dig a pit measuring 1 gaja = 3 cubits depth and 2 gajas 6 cubits on all sides. Fill it up with goat's dung, put the bottle into it, fill goat's dung 1. A kind of mercury. For Personal & Private Use Only

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129 over-it, (give it) fire (i.e. burn it) for 3 days; go on taking out ashes and go on putting goat's dung. On its getting cooled down, take out the medicine from the bottle; again like that rub the medicine in the juice of 'ocimum sanctum up to 3 days, again put camphor ta. 5 and combine toge ther all by grinding, again fill up the bottle (Kupi = casket), as previously done; pour the thing into the juice of ocimum sanctum 1 sr. and close the mouth of the bottle (kupi), and put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. As before instructed), close its mouth and get it dried up, next give it fire of goat's dung up to (for) 108 praharas by litting fire. Next on its getting cooled down, that essence is produced. Take it out from the kupi (casket), put it into a bottle, give rice (cokha) i or 1 bhar of cokha (rice) into the leaf, it will destroy all diseases. (20) Grind together tin (Kalahi) 1 sr., 14 rati of patri,' pure orpiment ta. 3, Euphorbia pilulifera ta. 3, and green leaf of lawsonia alb. :(Mahedi), and make pill. Next wrap up the pill with thread, then make a hole into a big ripe brinjal, put the pill into it and close the hole by giving (putting) a piece of it into its mouth), put (give) 7 layers of cloth and clay over it; get it dried up in the shade, next cook it in the fire of 5 and 7 dry cowdung cakes. Thus give 108 patas, (roastings) to it. This is the essence. Mix 1 rali of the essence into 1 ga(diyana) of copper. Gold. . (21) Purify copper sr., next grind all these-Samkhio somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic) to. 1, Aconitum borax (Vachanaga) to. 1, borax to. 1 and sal-ammoniac to. 1. in the juice of Achyranthus aspera for 4 days, apply 3 srs. of the juice of Achyranthus aspera. Next make thick tablets. Dry them up in the shade. Next make two earthen crucibles and an earthen bowl, put them into it, give (put) 4 layers of cloth and clay over it by closing it. Get it dried up, next dig 2 pits side by side into the earth, fill them with dry cowdung" cakes and lit (make) fire. Next, when fire becomes smokeless, then put the balls (golas) into it (one), cover the fire, next make the fire of the second pit ready, before the first on get cooled down. Make it smokeless. Next by taking out the golas (balls or pills) from the first pit, put the same into the second. In this way make fire for 14 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take out the golas, the medicine becomes white, it is accomplished, give a dose, measuring a grain of rice into a leaf. It is efficacious, it is generator of appetite and strength. (22) Burn big oyster shell of peral = 1 sr. and grind it, pound it by rubbing. Next get it drenched (wet) into the milk of Euphorbia antiquorun and make tablets of it, put them into an earthen bowl. Make 5 holes at 1, Some metal leaf. For Personal & Private Use Only

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the bottom of the bowl. Later on dig a pit measuring 14 yards deep; dig a small pit into it, do as such that a lota (a small pot) of copper or a pan is fitted there. And put a cup of copper into that, put the earthen bowl over it. Close the joint of the bowl and the cup. Next again olose the middle part of the bowl with clay up to the mouth of the bowl. Put (give) 7 layers of cloth and clay over it from the mouth to the middle portion of the vessel. Next give it fire of goat's dung for 12 praharas. Mercury comes out. Fill up water below (under) into the cup & under into the copper vsssel. Mercury will come out into it. True. (23) Quench (mix) the juice of black ocimum grantissimum (Babari) into the juice of Aristolochia indica (Isvarligi), it will be like a small piece of bread. Next put sambharluna (Salt of Sambar) 1 sr. into an earthen pot, make it like a plain platfrom (cotaro), put candaki (bread like thing) over it. Put it on the furnace, give sufficient juice to it up to 6 praharas. Again burn it over and give it the juice of lemon for 6 praharas, give it caya (drops), thus do it 4 times. That is, give it fire for 24 praharas. The powder will be as such that it will fill the tip of two fingers, that is, it is accomplished. Mix the essence Vala-14 into 1 tola of copper. Gold? (24) Put somalakhara (oxide of arsenic) 1 tola into these three kinds of juice-the juice of prickly pear = Slipper Thorn ( = Nagaphani)-1 sr. the juice of bitter Lagenaria vulgaris (kadui Tumbi) 1 sr. and the juice of Red lotus (Kalhara) 1 sr. into an earthen bowl and cook it in a Dolikayantra. Do as such that Somala remains 3 fingers high from the juice. Make dipagni under it (Dolikayantra). Take out the essence and make a hole into an Amorphophallus companutatus. Put it (somala etc.) into it and close it (Kanda). Smear it with paddy (husk) and cowdung, put (give) a layer of cloth and clay over it (Kanda), give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Tin sucks (dries up) the water. (25) Grind mercury to. 1, sulphur to. 1, orpiment to. 1, golden pyrite to. 1 and zinc l sr. and make two cups (of zinc), Make smearing on them, next make a smearing on the samputa- (lid) - inside and outside by grinding the salt, put a cover of cloth and clay over it. Next fill sand into one and put salt over it, put the cup over that, fill the pit with goat's dung, teave the cup over the bowl, fill goat's dung over it and give it fire for 3 days. Mix 1' masa of essence into I tola of copper, gold ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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131 (26) Take mercury ta. 1 and sulphur tamka 1 and next rub them with luffa Echinata (Kutarabalahi) for 4 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of tin, next spread out cowdung over it by pressing it on palms. Silver. (27) Get luffa Echinata into Centipeda orbicularis for 8 praharas, give tuya to mercury ta-5, with the juice of Parpoti (Oldenlandia corymbosa)- 1 sr. in an iron pot; go on giving the juice ta. 22 over it. In this way give all the juice. Hold on that mercury with the earthen pot (or iron pot) into water, if (mercury) becomes like Somala (oxide of arsenic). In the taking of 1 rati (of if),it cures all diseases. For Personal & Private Use Only

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SECOND SECTION The process of making sulphur oil : * (1) Rub together these two-sulphur 1 sr. and realgar sr. Put the juice of mango 1 sr. into the mixture. If there is the sunshine, put juice otherwise not. Thus do it for a month. If the sunshine is strong, do it, if there is cloud, do not do it. The process pierces seven leaves under and 7 leaves over. True. The process of making the essence of mineral calamine : (2) Rub mineral calamine 1 sr. in (the juice of) Aloe vera for 7 days, rub it with all these-(the juice of) Vitex trifolia (Nagoai;) next rub it with honey 1, clarified butter, borax 1, sal-ammoniac 1, molasses 1 and gunja 1. Next take it out and take out the essence in the yantra. This is the in process of (the making of) the essence of mineral calamine: (3) Put the urine of goat 5 srs., the milk of Calotropis gigantea-1 sr. and the milk of Euphorbia niviia (Thohar) 1 sr. into the horse-dung for 21 days. Next take the whole thing out and place it on the fire and give fire of castor plant (Ricinus communis) under it. It gets dried up. (4) Rub mercury ta. 4, lead ta. 1, sulphur(ta) 1, and sal-ammoniac (ta) 1, in the juice of Doispyros-peregrina (Timbaru) for 7 days. Put the whole thing into a bottle and give it fire. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper; gold ? (5) The process of wax (Menamundra) : Grind all these-Vermillion pai. 1, wax pai. 1, grains of iron pai. 3, magnetic stone pai. 3, Katbo - (lime mixed with khadir) pai. 1, makha - pista (powder of makha). pai. 1, lime pai. 1, lac pai. 1, natron pai. 1 and filter them with a piece of cloth, rub them with the juice of Anacardium. Then there becomes an accomplishment. Again melting and melting wax 1 sr., pour it into Samudravari, Thus do it 125 times. (6) Madanamudra : pour it into the oil of Anacardium. Again, Mudra (the process): 1. A kind of mineral, For Personal & Private Use Only

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133 Pour pure wax into linseed oil 108 times, pour it into the oil of Anaco ardium 21-(108) times, pour it into beda of Kukada (hen) 21 times and into samudravari 108 times. By giving smearing to the leaf of tin with the oil of Anacardium 108 times, make it into pieces for 8 praharas. It is a vajra mudra (hard seal). (7) Take the powder of gajaveli (iron) which gets attracted to magnetic stone. Take clarified butter, honey and borax in equal portions to that (gajaveli), put it into them by drenching (wetting) it up to 21 days. Next put it into a crucible and cover it with coal and heat it till it becomes red, when it becomes red, put (pour) Dachimiu Somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ta. 1. into it, little by little On putting (it) 16 (times ?) there becomes the liquid, take it out. Next melt copper 14 bhar. and mix the essence vala 4. (Gold of) 13 carats is produced. . (8) Fill sonehalirasa (a kind of plant) pai. 3 into a cocoanut shell, having water by boring it. Put mercury pai. 1 bhar. into it and seal it up. When it is). put into the fire of dry wild couwdung cakes-basket-1, if it burn's quickly, put cowdung-2 (baskets), next again put 5. Thus increase and increase the quantity of cowdung, but do not put cowdung at a time. If put at a time, the cocoanut bursts. Give it fire for 8 praharas; put 7. layers of cloth and clay over the cocoanut; the essence is ready, mix 1 rati of it into 1 tola (of copper). There becomes gold ? (9) Make bread with the powder of wheat in the milk of Euphorbia nivuviia (Thohar). i.e. by mixing it with the milk of Thohar, put the pieces: of Samkhiu somala (oxide of aresenic) into it inside it), cook it and take it out. Next grind killed zinc and Malla (oxide of arsenic) together with the juice of lemon; next give it fire in iron-copper Samputa (sarab = lids). Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There becomes gold ?) (10) Quench an iron-leaf into Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) 108 times. Ash of silver (i.e. calcinated ash of silver.) Take the leaf of (silver) which falls out and grind it in the juice of Centipeda orbicularis and give it gajaputagni; give tin into it. If there becomes red ash (rakta bhasma), mix one rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper; gold. If it becomes white, tin gets dried up. Chikant is two kindsof things. (1.1) Take somala (oxide of arsenic) sr. and the juice of radish-1 maund, fill a jar with them and make holes under it. Put it on a three For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 pegged stand. Do as such that the current of the juice falls on somala (oxide of arsenic), give it fire (heat) for 24 praharas. Know that tin also is (to be treated) like this in the juice of Ricinus communis and in the urine of ass. (12) Rub mercury ta. 1 in the juice of cowdung (Chana) for 1 day, in Curd-water for I day, in curd for 1 day, in the juice of Agathia (Agastya glandiflora) for 1 day and with the seed of Minusops Lexandra (Rayana) for 1 day. Next grind Luffa Echinata 7, (Kukada chaleta) 7 (ta) and make it fine; combine together the root of sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi) ta. 5 and put it into a crucible, fill half with husk and the root of Senchus aruenois (Sahadevi) and half over (it). Take (eat) sweet (curamu), lost sexual desire comes up. (13) Combine together borax 1 (ta), mercury 5 (ta), tin 3 (ta.) dried ginger 4 (ta) & Elettaria Cardamomum (Elaci), give them (the whole thing) 7 ginger putas (roasting) & 7 putas of beetle leaf (pana) and mix the whole thing with Borneo camphor ga. 1. If a pill of these combinations measuring the size of gram is taken, Khayan vikara-disease goes away. (14) Rub mercury 24, somala samkhu (oxide of iron) 24, borax 5, and sal-ammoniac 5, with honey 5 sr.; close the whole thing into a small box; give it fire for four praharas. Mercury is produced. (15) Take an equal portion of juice of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi) and Ipomaca reniformis (Umdarkani) in equal portions,- sr. Next, let that juice settle down. Next put mercury pai. 2 bhar over (on) it; give caya (drops) of that juice to it, when mercury becomes incinerated in 4 praharas, then make an image of Hanuman (out) of the dung of a calf. Put the juice by the side of the image, sprinkle the blood with anamika finger (on it) and sprinkle wine. Then it is accomplished. Make it in a lonely place. Take a dose measuring a gram of rice, it benefits much. Rub it in the juice of black datura and white Leucas cephalotus (dronapuspa) for 7 days; congratulations. (16) Cook kamini (Nagachikani) Kanda, Jambira rasa (juice of citrus medica), and orpiment in a Valukayantra; what the famine will do ? Meaning : Take orpiment sr. and mercury sr. Purify mercury and make Collyrium of both, next rub it in the juice of Kamini Nagachikani (Centipeda orbicularis). If green Nagachikani is not found, take the dry For Personal & Private Use Only

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- 135 one. Take 1/8 the of that, rub it in that; next kanda is kali (bud), bud of garlic; rub it in the juice of garlic for 10 days, next, rub it in the juice of Jambira for 10 days, next dry it up and fill it up into a bottle with open mouth, make it covered with a layer of wax and cloth and put it into a Valukayantra, cook it with fire for 12 praharas. Thus 3 and 7 bottles are to be turned over. That becomes successful; give only 1 dose of medicine, measuring 1 masa of rice. It makes a great benefit. Mix the essence-1 rati into 1 tola of silver, tin and copper, it pierces them; Gold ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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FOUR TEENTH CHAPTER FIRST SECTION Khecari Gutika - Prathama (Khecari Gutika-First) 1. Rub pure mercury! ta 3 (1 tola) in a mortar in oil 2 palas (8 tolas) produced from the seed of black datura, for seven days till there be comes the best form of it (mercury) like Peech. 2. First mix it with the powder of phaseolus radiatus (masa), then wrap it up with the strong thread. 3. Dry it up with the sun (-rays) (to make it) hard like the small finger and cook it in the mustard oil measuring ten prastha2. 4. There takes place the decay (drying up) of oil till gutika gets formed. Place it in a cool shade, then slowly take out the accomplished gutika (tam). 5. Put the gutika (ball or pill) into a strong jar filled with milk, all gets dried up. 6. Then the gutika is to be held into the mouth of a he-goat and next make it enter into its stomach. The gutika entering into the end of its mouth is seen as burning. 7. It excites sexual desire but does not affect the balance of health of ir kreie war it enters into its stomach jt pertainly zver at fore of love. 8. An intelligent man must make a test thus and a healthy man should put white gutika into his own mouth to verify the test. 9. A sadhaka (experimentor or practiser) goes (to a distance of) one hundred yojanas without an exertion (or effort) and enjoys one hundred women with its power, it is accepted as making semen fixed (thick). 1. A weight of silver equal to 4 masas. 2. A paraticulr measure of capacity equal to thirty two palas For Personal & Private Use Only

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10. If it (gutika) is kept into the mouth, the striking (from others) (on his body) is not felt. It (gutika), kept into the mouth kills (cures) many other kinds of diseases without doubt. 137 11. This gutika destroys (cures) all of those diseases which are (found) in between tongue and palate (talu), such as, Kanthasaluka (a kind of mouth-disease in throat), etc. in uvula, long tongue, etc., two tongues, (which are) too serious. 12. This Khecari gutika by name cures (destroys) all of them i.e., seventy six kinds of diseases-heart diseases, nasal diseases, etc., 13. Khecari gutika-second: The gutika named Khecari prepared by the process of dhumavalokitarasa (mercury pierced by smoke), of jarita (jarana)1 and sarita (sarana),2 in the essence of mica with mercury (vija) combined with the pyrite and iron (kanta): 14. Falls (patati = becomes effective) just by its throwing into the mouth. (One) becomes greatly worshipped by the gods, demons, the perfect beings and Indra, etc.3. 1. Jarana drut hue svarnadi padartha ka pare ke sath jo pak kiya jata hai, use jarana Kahate hai(n). Pracin Bharat men Rasayana ka Vikasa, Dr. Satyaprakasa P. 442. 2. Tel se bhari hui andhamusa men para dalakar usmen sona, Candi adi dhatuon ko dalakar jo Vedha kiya jata hain, arthat Visesa gupon Ka udbhavan kiya jata hai, use sarana kahate hain. Ibid. p. 444, 3. SRSS. 14.15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Second Pariccheda (Section) 1. Mercury, two medicines, quantum of fire, two earthen lids (saravai) (are necessary). How is the science of chemistry and metallurgy covering the remaining show (demonstration). Suo Mercury, 2 Osahayuyalam 3 = aghatakarasa. = Achyranthus aspera, and livuya (lemon). 1 2. The Jina who is like the full moon-faced, seated on the throne with the family (of Samgha), bright and white with the (ray of) omniscience should be meditated upon. 4 3. Two Jinas are white, two are black, two are red and lotus-coloured, two are emarald (green) coloured and sixteen are of golden colour.5 It means' mercury 1 (white), mineral calamine (black) 2, realgar 8 (red), sulphur 4 (Lotus-coloured yellow, and orpiment 5 (green coloured.) H - 4. Copper with tumbini (tumba = gourd) is to be mixed with the root of Tidu (Cocceinia Indica). When the mixture is heated, (it) becomes gold. That is said by Jinendra. 6 5. The wise grinds garlic-100 tolas finely and casts it into a small copper box on all sides. 6. There is one piece of camphor which weighs fourteen tolas. By putting it into the box and making copper-leaf. 7. Wrap over it a layer of cloth soaked (or smeared) of (with) wild cowdung. 8. Now, seeing it (the fire) smokeless, put the box into the fire, cover it up on all sides, not less nor more. 1. This gatha is mentioned in the ist chapter, V. 5. 2. This gatha mentioned in the 1st chapter, V. 2. has been explained in the 2nd chapter. 3. This gata mentioned in the 1st chapter V. 5. has also been explained in the 2nd chapter. 4. It is also mentioned in 1st chapter. V. 3. 5. The gatha mentioned in the 1st chapter, V. 4 has been explained in the 2nd chapter. 6. This gatha mentioned in the 1st chapter has been explained in the second chapter SRSS. For Personal & Private Use Only

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139 9. On the cooling down of fire, take out the thing by order (one by one) and put the same as previously into the second box, 10. As only garlic burns without camphor, so give fire to it with careful ness, O Intelligent. 11. Take out the unburnt garlic and use it (again) as before. If it is burnt, ". another garlic is to be taken here, no doubt. 12. Garlic is to be placed first below, it, being placed into the box, be comes (gets) cooked by forty putas (roastings). 13. Getting itself melted, it becomes hard like diamond. If it is held on fire, it extinguishes it (fire) instantly. 14. Even camphor does not fly, thus is its test. The things whose oil is desired to be taken out are as follows : 15. Sulphur or orpiment or Somala (oxide of arsenic) and others. That is also only 1 tola (of each). Camphor was thought (considered) before (previosuly). 16. Only 1 masa is to be taken and Sal-ammoniac of the same quantity. Next the wise casts them into a glass casket by combining them together. 17. He should heat it on fire with his own hand. It becomes oil quickly the best means of making gold. 18. Smear, the copper-leaf with sulphur and heat it on fire and crush it completely. 19. It becomes of yellow colour instantly, no doubt, smear the silver-leaf with the oil of orpiment. 20. The learned should do like that, there becomes gold immediately, this is experimented by me; here no thought (consideration or hesitation) should be made. 24. Cast orpiment measuring ten tolas into an auspicious (good) copper pot of three hundred tolas by grinding the thing (orpiment). 22. Fill in there the juice of garlic having one granthi, measuring 250 tolas. For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 23. And an intelligent man, having covered its mouth with a copper-leaf, should select, a testing ground not attacked (encroached) by the shade of trees. 24. One's own shadow (shade) or of others is to be avoided, and by digging a pit into the earth, measuring four cubits on all sides. 25. Or by five cubits, fill it with the dung discharged by buffaloes, then place the pot there into it (the pit). 26. Having filled it with earth, protect it upto (for) four months by making a circular compound with thorny plants. 27. Then the wise should see it (after that period) by taking it out. If the pot does not becomes yellow (gold), again he should cast it there. 28. O Man' wait (bear) for four months by closing the eyes. Then see it by taking it out, it is a golden pot. 29. Take out orpiment existing inside it (pot) by taking it out with care. Then oil is to be pressed by the path (way) of Patalayantra. 30. The very fine copper-leaf smeared wish that oil and heated in fire be. comes gold; there is no doubt. 31. By taking pala of orpiment . pieces by pieces, wrap them up with thirteen layers of Cloth. 32. (Take) 160 palas of the powder of lime, put i the powder into an earthen pot by placing it below with care. 33. And put orpiment into it by placing it as said before. Give the powder of lime over also by covering with the remaining powder of lime. 34. There everyday water is to be cast into (the things) with care. Here the shadow of one's sown or of any other man, should not fall on it. 35. And obeisance should be paid by one desiring his own welfare. After two month, having taken out that with welcome (regard). 36. And rubbed with the juice of Aloe vera in a mortar for three days, it should be rubbed like that with the juice of black wedelia calendulacea. 37. Again rub it with the milk of white calatropis gigantea for three days and again (rub) it with the milk of Euphorbia nerifolia, do that process. 38. Thus by making this process for twelve days, next cast that thing) in the shape of gulika (pill) into the. ash (Bhasma) produced from (the burning of) the wood of Agvattha (Ficus religiosa). For Personal & Private Use Only

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39. And thus covering it by casting that ash on it nnd giving (wrapping) a layer of clay and cloth over it, the whole thing is to be kept (in a place) devoid of one's own shadow. 40. The wise should lit fire and heat it (put it on fire) for thirty two praharas. That gutika becomes like ice (himani) after that. 141 guru also 41. (There becomes gold) as a result of melting of that (essence) measuringrati into 13 palas of pure Napalese copper by strong (intense) fire. 42. On worshipping the goddess - Padmavati and saluting the there that gold is produced immediately, gratifying desire. 43. When here gold is produced, half of it should be used in the religious activity, then only there is success, otherwise one gets destroyed. 44. Bhasma (ash of medicine) measuring 1 grain of rice, mixed with butter, should be given to an impotent man - Napumsaka upto three days. : 45. The patient (medicine - taker) should give up acid (amla), curd (dadhi,, molasses (guda), oil (taila), salt (lavana) and chilli (marica) with care by all means. 45. The man (that person) should drink milk measuring twenty four prasthas and enjoy rice measuring seven seers and again ghee (clarified butter). 47. Measuring five seers is to be drunk (by him). A Tattvavida (one who knows this science) himself enjoys twenty one women without labour even. 48 When (if) the semen does not fall (get discharged), then sugar measuring three palas is to be taken, consequently (then) happiness is born. 49. This medicine) is not to be given to him at whose house there is no wife. If it is given to him, blood would come out of his penis, (medhra); there is no doubt (about it). 50. Even an impotent becomes very much sex-passionate by partakiug of this bhasma (medicinal ash) just measuring one grain of rice. 'I say, it is true, true. 51. Medicinal ash is to be used by a patient afflicted with leprosy (Kustha) also by the process (method) as said before. But he should take (only) roti (Indian bread) made of gram powder. 52. It is to be used by the patient afflicted (or affected) with leucoderma For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 (svitrini) also by the same (way) as said before, but it is to be known that the diet of boiled water of phaseolus munga with ghee (clarified butter) should be given according to the process (way) as said before. 53. Even the disease of Jaundice goes away by the use of the medicinal ash for three days and the taking of Sathi rice by the way as said before. 54. Dropsy (Mahodari) also thus (goes away) as said before. The man (patient) should take (eat) godhumathulika (grains of wheat), cooked with sugar. 55. Medicinal ash measuring one grain of rice (if) taken for four days destroys (cures) quickly the disease called sitangajhola (comatose). 56. But an intelligent patient should take the diet of phaseolus radiatus and rice (which is) called hotch-potch (Ksipracatika = Khicadi). for the disease quickly. 57. That (medicinal ash) drunk with the combination of piper betel, as said before, together with the taking of godhamalapata (a kind of wheat preparation) destroys (cures) apasmara (epilepsy)-a kind of Vayuroga. 58. That medicinal ash measuring trati, taken for four days with the diet of Indian bread; made of gram, without clarified butter, destroys (cures) the dyspnoea (breathing trouble or asthma). 59. The same medicine used according to the sastra (medical science) destroys (cures) also instantly or (immediately) the disease-psoriasis (Kitikanagarabhikhyamapi) of different (prthagvidham) types. 60. Here what is the use by saying too much, (there is no case) without .. death, no doubt (about it.) This great nourishing (medicine) destroys all diseases. 61. The medical recipe given by Jagadamba (the mother of the universe) with her own desire as mercy to those saluting her and revealed by her and known from the tradition of the Gurus has become greatly unde caying like the golden inan. 62. One makes this uncomparable thing pure and accomplished like a shape of pill (gutika) by meditating on Hrimkaram, etc., and taking pure mercury, measuring pala, 1 every day only its one masa by saturating it with the juice of date tree and rubbing it with gold-leaf measuring one pala in a mortar. 1. Palamitati For Personal & Private Use Only

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143 63. By grinding together sky-coloured sulphur, Somala (oxide of arsenic), then white borax, also in equal portion, each measuring two masas, as very fine (powder) and rubbing them with orpiment, in a mortar, take it with the liquid of the juice of Aloe Vera which is washing (changing) the beauty of the body and smear the gutika with that which is sticky. 64. By placing it in a saraba (earthen lid) and putting another saraba over it, wrap the whole thing (Saraba) with a piece of cloth smeared with clay. Then cast it into the burning fire of dry wild cowdung cakes, the heat of which becomes bearable to fingers and take out (the. Saraba from the fire) and make it cool, then take the medicine out of the Saraba) by removing the covering of clay-cloth wrapped up over it. 65. A wise man makes samskrti (culture of it or treatment of it) with one hundred and twenty putas (roastings) by the aforesaid smearing and again heating it by fire like that (method). The medicine becomes worthy by fifty putas (roastings) and then it is taken (accepted) within a pala (moment). The smearing of this medicine cures all diseases just as the great (strong) air (wind) removes a piece of cloud within a pala (moment). 66. The remaining thing becomes pure like the moon by the application of one hundred and twenty putas (roastnigs). It gets certainly powdered instantly by the pressing of the hands without any difficulty. Give (mix) only one rati of this essence into only 1 karsa of the heated wellknown Nepalese copper. Immediately it (copper) becomes certainly calcinated (bhasmatah). 67. This ash (bhasma) can be applied to another copper (leaf), that also again to another successively. This ash (bhasma) can thus be used seven times and eight times also. Gold gets certainly produced in that copper (i.e. Copper is converted into gold.) Here it is told by Jinadattasari meditating on the two lotus feet of Srimadarhat for the benefit of the world. 68-69 This Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra is written by me, Jinadattasuri with an experience, belonging to the pure celebrated Kharatara gaccha in the world in Vs. 1210 on the day of Aksaya tatiya for destroying the misery of the people. For Personal & Private Use Only

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SUVARNA-RAUPYA-SIDDHI-SASTRA-A STUDY INTRODUCTION A General Survey A study of the Jaina alchemical thoughts and practices fostered from the time of the Jainacarya-Nagarjuna 1 and Padaliptasari 2 upto the eighteenth century A. D. throws a welcome light upon an aspect of the material culture of the Jainas with scientific ideas combined with their interpretation in the light of other Indian literary evidences on Rasayanavidya (Chemistry) and Dhatuvada (matellurgy), and Ayurveda (medical science) of the Middle Ages. Alchemy dealt with by the Jainacaryas has not yet been evaluated in relation to the Indian History of Alchemy. It seems that Western India (Rajasthan and Gujarat), 3 by virtue of its geographical position as a strong centre of Jainism from the beginning, was a receptacle for many alchemical ideas, specially from other culture-areas of India and outside. It may be, as pointed out by Dr. B. V. Subbarayappa, that "India, by virtue of its geographical position, was a receptacle for many, alchemical ideas from the Chinese and Arabic Culture-areas"4 in the later period. A study of the extant Jaina manuscripts-Suvarna-raupyasiddhisastra5 of Jinadattasuri (VS. 1210), written in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramga and Old Gujarati, Western Rajasthani, etc., copied with additional materials in the 18th Century A. D., Nagarjuns Yogamala Vitti of Gunakara (VS. 1296) in Sanskrit, Rasaratnasamuccaya? of Manikyadevasuri (16th Century A. D.) in Sanskrit, Yogaratnakara copais of Nayanasekhara, a pupil of 1. Suvarnaraupyasiddhisastra, Jinadattasuri. Ch. 1, 60. 2. Ibid., Ch. II. 4. 3. All the available Jaina MSS. on alchemy have been found in this region and they are written is Sanskrit, Prakrit. Apabhramsa, Old Gujarati and sometimes in Old ..Rajasthani. 4. Some trends in Alchemy in India, Dr. B. V. Subbarayappa, Abstracts of Scientific Section papers. XV Internation Science Congress. Edinburg, August. 1979., p. 48. 5. It is the work of Jinadatta suri (VS. 1210) belonging to the Kharatara Gaccha.." 6. It is also kept in thc Library of L. D. Institute of Indology. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Jnanasekhara (VS. 1736 = '1779) in Old Gujarati, Nagarjunividya (16th-18th A. D.)', Vaidyakasara Samgraha2 of Harsakirti3 (VS. 1660-1703) in Sanskrit, Paradavidhi4 of an unknown Jaina author (circa VS. 1700) in Old Gujarati, Vaidyakasamgraha of Mahimaranga Ganin (1617) A. D. No. 30992, Vaidyakasamgraha, MS. 30994 of an unnamed author of the eigh-. teenth century A. D. on venereal diseases, Vaidyavallabha5 of Hastiruci (VS. 1710 = 1763 A. D.) in Sanskrit and Gujarati Tika, Anupanamanjari6 of Pitambara (VS. 1873)in Sanskrit and now all kept in the library of L. D. Institute of Indology at Ahmedabad-9., reveal scientific ideas and pratices of the Jainas with two distinct trends in Alchemy, viz. (1) Chemistry and metallurgy, and (ii) medical science, together with some information regarding occultism., ALCHEMY : It appears that during the period of the authors of the above-mentioned Jain MSS. with its system of philosophy of mercury, a vast mass of chemical information was accumulated in these treatises on Rasayanavidya and Dhatuvidya, which was pressed into signal service in the latrochemical period of India (1300-1550 A.D.)? A comparative study of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra with other Jaina MSS. and the Indian works on Rasayanavidya and Dhatuvidya shows that since the second eentury A. D. the Indian alchemists were endeavouring to make gold.8 The research to make gold was continued by them throughout the Middle Ages together with studies dealing with industrial processes, especially metallurgieal processes, and with the manufacture of drugs.10 In the course of the researches of the Indian alchemists many important chemical discoveries were made by them. 11 1. Ibid. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5, Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. It is evidenced that most of the Jaina MSS. of this period were written with golden ink. 8. Suvarnaraupyasiddhisastra, ch. II. 1, 2. 3, 6. 8, 14; III. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 52, 53, 10, 5. 103, 109: IV. 4. 5, 12, 15, 17, 18 19, 25, 29, 40. .. 9. Ibid, p Chs. 1-14. 10. Ibid., 9 10. 14. 11. Preparation of gold, silver, iron, copper, mercury, etc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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During the Middle Ages an extensive system, in part secret, of code names or symbolic letters2 or names3 for chemical substance was developed by the Jainacaryas. Toward the end of the eighteenth Century A. D. the Jaina alchemists began to make use of initial lettess of the names of elements and compounds instead of the older symbolic names, e. g. hahatakam (gold)4, 'ro' iti paro rasa (mercury), 'kha' iti Kharpara (mineral calamine), 'ma' iti manasala = manasila (realgar), ta' iti teti tamkana (borax), ha' iti heti haratala (orpiment).5 A parallel development of alchemy was going on in the western world (Greek-Arab countries) during the Middle Ages. It is stated that "In a manuscript written in the tenth or eleventh century and now kept in St. Mark's library in Venice, the work of an Egyptian alchemist (the early chemists were called alchemiists), perhaps of the second century, A. D. is described. In this manuscript seven metals are identified with seven celestial bodies-gold with the Sun, silver with the Moon, lead with Saturn, iron with Mars, copper with Venus, tin with Mercury, and electron (an alloy of gold and silver) with Jupiter. These signs conventionnlly used for the bodies were used for the corresponding metals. Other symbols were also used, thus the symbol for iron was a complex symbol eontaining the symbol for iron. 3 The second century-alchemist whose work is described in St. Mark's manuscript was endeavouring to make gold. The endeavour to make gold was continued by alchemists throughout the Middle Ages together with studies dealing with industrial processes, especially metalluragical processes and with the manufacture of drugs. In the course of the early work of alchemists, many chemical discoveries were made. 2. Ibid., ch. II 7; ch. III. 1. 3: Pitam [gold]. Ibid, ch. II. 1, 2. etc, Taram [silver], Ibid., ch. 1. 10. etc, Svetam [Silver] Ibid., ch. I. 37. etc. 4. Ibid., ch. II. 7; bh. III. 1. 5. Ibid. 1. "Dhammo mamgalamukitthamsa samjamo tavo/Deva vi tam namamsamti. jassa dhamme sada mano // SRSS, ch. 1 gatha 1. Dhammo-paradah (mercury), ch. II. (comm). Mamgalam - Hemah (gold). Ibid. Ukkittham - Nepaladesodbhavam tamram (Nepalese copper),. Ahimsa - Kamtheri, (A specics of opuntia), Ibid. Samjamo - Rato Agathia (red Agasti glandiflora), Ibid. Tavo Krsnakauaka (black datura thorny apple]. Ibid. Deva - pili Devali [yellow Andropogon serratus - pumpkin]. Ibid., SRSS., ch. II [vyakhya) For Personal & Private Use Only = Ibid.

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! During the Middle Ages an extensive system, in part secret, of symbols for chemical substances was developed. Toward the end of the eighteenth century chemists began to make use of initial letters of the names of elements and compounds, instead of the older symbols. Berzelius then systematized this procedure. 1 In the aforesaid Jaina MSS.-Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and others Alchemy is described in detail and some metals and plants are identified with some code names, 2 e. g. mercury, with 'dhamma' (Virtue), gold with3 'mangalam' (auspiciousness), the Nepalese copper with ukkittham* (best), Kantheri (a piece of opuntia) with 'ahimsa'5, red Agasti glandiflora (or Sesbania glandiflora) with 'samjamo' (self-control), black kanaka (dhatura = thorny apple) with 'tavo', yellow Andropogon serratus (pili devadali) with deva? = gods). Besides, there are found other symbolic names for metals, e.g. pitam (gold), taram (silver), svetam10 (silver), etc. on the basis of the their colour. ... The prominent feature of the Suvama-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and other Jaina works on Alchemy lay in the search after the elixir vitae and the powder of projection as their contents testify.11 Whereas fantastic and extravagant ideas in them, such as capacity of becoming invisible12, etc. impossible of realization, has subsided into something more practical and tangible.13 1. General Chemistry, Pauling, p 82. 2. Suvarnaraupyasiddhisasra, ch, I. gatha I. See its Vyakhya. ch. II. 1. 3, Ibid, 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid.? 7, Ibid, 8. Ibid. 9, Ibid. 10. Ibid., ch. II. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14; III. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 52, 58, 105, 107, 109; IV, 4, 3, 11, 14, 18, 25, V. 4, 5, 12, 17, 18, 19, 25, 29, 40. 11. Ibid., ch. 1. 10, 17, 21, 23, 47, 50, 52, 53x; II. 7, 10; III, 6, 9, 10, 12, 18, 19, 44, 54, 56, 69, 71, 85, 104; IV. 2, 4, 13, 16, 19; V. 5; IX. 33. 39; X. 5, 42; XI, 1.3, 15, 34 35, etc. 12. Ibid., ch. I. 27. 35; II, 15. III. 8, 11, 23, 24, 26, 29, 30, 31, 15, 67,. IV. 5. 9 16, 17, V, 21, 34, VI. 11, 36. VII, 7, 11, 23, VIII. 5, 7, IX. 1. 12. 13, 16, 35, 42, 56, 57, X. 1, 5, 37, 38, XI, 19, 37. XII. 11, 13, 15, 16, 27, 28, XIII. 5, 14, etc, 13, SRSS., IX. 1. e. g. pache te parane agni dije...ghisyu khai to kaya amara kare/ "SRSS, ch. IX. 1. "Paisa bhar guddha gorakh mardii... Saviroga jai, dviguni khudha hove 1", Ibid. ch, V, 41. "Bhiko athava te khaciho curnakija For Personal & Private Use Only

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The numerous methods for preparation of mercury', iron, copper,3 gold, silver,5 and other things, although they could not secure immortality or revive the dead, were meant to be helpful accessories in medicines. At first they came to be used cautiously and tentatively, mixed up with the medical recipes which were drawn chiefly from the vegetable kingdom but they soon began to assert a supremacy of their own so as even to supplant the old Indian Ayurvedic treatment by herbs and simples.? Nay even absurd pretensions were set up on behalf of these metallic preparations. Thus we come across som remarkable passages in the Jaina Ms. the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi Sastra-"Amara Kaya Kare"9 etc. The one characteristic feature of the extant Jaina Ms. Suyarna RaupyaSiddhi-sastra and others of the Intro chemical period is that opium (aphina).10 is recognised as official drug in their materia medica portion. This usefulness of opium may be found from the 12 th century A. D.11 up to the middle of the eighteenth century A. D., even up to the present day, as it is also mentioned as such in other Indian works12 on Rasayana. 1. Saramo Kalo...hema 8 adrsyo bhavati, natra sandehah, Ibid., VI. 13 2. See Paradavidhi "Pato himgoru korine mahe mehlse upari ahakanu dige... te paro bamdhayo puviko thae. uttama nagavamga che I. mukhamadhye rakhie to bala ghano kare", Ibid. ch. IX. 5 Ibid. Ch. I. 56, II. 1, III. 12. 13. 18x 22, 44. 3. Mala-ma. 1. jasta-ma 1, tamkana-ma-2. trambu-ma 4, Udhamusai gale dalam jodhe / sara, Lohapatra Kurkatavita madhye va-14 u (dhaniusa) bujhave golamadhye 14 vala-14, Navasara madhye loha nipaje, patra madhye dije. Ibid. ch. IX. 11. Kharu loha sr. ra. pai. 1 mumjalarasa sr. . vati and Kuladimai gha (ti) bidi agni pra. I ni: 1 bhukhala I mahagunkari chi II. Ibid, ch. x. '16 4. Ibid. II. 1. III. 66x 5. Ibid. ch. II. 2. 4. 5, 8. 14, III. 2. 3. 4. 7, 9. 19, 20, 33, 36, 37, 6. Ibid.,.ch. III, 14, 17, 18, 23, 30, 31, 32 34, 35, 39, 42, 46, 47, 106, etc. 7. Ibid., ch. IV. 4, 6; v. 20, etc; v. 44; Ix. 15. 16; Ix. 26 8. Ibid., ch. v. 32, 37, 38 IX. 5, 6, x. 14 9. Arsa aseu tya (ta) po 1 madhye turserjasapi Ksepaniyam I mahottamam dehapusig Ibid. ch, x. 24. 10. Ibid., ch. IX. 2. 11. Ibid., ch. III. 30-31 (aphina), ch. VI. 7 (aphina), y. 26, (aphina). 12. See Rasaratnasamuccaya of Nityanatha, etc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Whatever has been revealed by an analysis of the materials in the Jaina Ms. Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - Sastra, etc. under the preparations of mercury, all that has been said by Nagarjuna,! Padaliptasari, Carpata,3 Natha,4 and other alchemists5 for the benifit of the people afflicted with diseases. A similar account of the preparations ef mercury for the benefit of people afflicted with diseases is given in other Indian works on Rasayanavidya with reference to Nagarjuna and Siddha Carpata. There is a problem for the scholars to identify the Buddhist and Jaina Nagarjuna and to determine his date in the history of Indian Alchemy. Thc Jaina 'works the Suvarna - Raupya - Siddha - sastra etc. on Alchemy as mentioned in the beginning are important treatises of the Iatrochemical period of India like other Indian works on the same problem. They are comprehensive and purely chemical works .dealing with many operations of mercury and various chemical processes are incidentally described, a good deal of which, however overlaps each other as they are found in other Indian works10 on alchemy in the Middle Ages. The authors of the Jaina Ms. Survarna - Raupy - Siddhi - Sastra etc. as devout Jaina monks begin their works with an adoration of Gautama, Ganesa, 11 and the Tirthankara Mahavira12 and even symobilze Mahavira with mercury as Siva is symbolized with mercury13 in the Hindu Alchemy. .1 SRSS., ch. I. 60. 2. Ivid., ch. II. 4 (Palittaya = padalipta). 3. Ibid., ch. I. 24, I. 14, 15, 17, 26, 60. 4. Ibid., ch. I. 18, 24, 5. Ibid., ch II. Sekham Ali (Ch, I. 60) MS B. 6, Rasarnava, Rasaratnakara by Nityanatha, Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vagbhata etc. Vide Hindu Chemistry, Dr. P. C. Ray, P. 159 and Pracina Bharat Men Rasayan ka Vikasa, Dr. Satyaprakasa, Fourth Khanda. See also Rasaratnakara by Nagarjuna. 7. Rasaratnasaumuccaya by Vagbhata, Rasarajalaksmi of Vishnudeva, Rasanak satramallika by Matharasimha Rasaratnakara; by Siddha Nityanatha, Rasendrasarasamgraha of Gopalakrishna, Rasendra Kalpadruma, Dharuratnamala, Rasakaumudi, Bhavaprakasa of Bhava Misra, Dhatukriya. Arkaprakasa of Ravana, etc. 8. SRSS,, Ch. I. 56, II. 7., III. 12. 13, 18, 22, 24, IX 5, 21, etc Rasaratnasamuccaya of Manikyandevasuri, Paradavidhi 9. The chemical processes of making gold, Silver iron, mercury, copper killing of mercury, tin, etc. of making medicines, Ibid.. 10. See Rasarnava, Rasaratnasamuccaya, etc., Vide Hindu chemistry and Pracin Bharat men Rasayanak ikVasa Forth, part, Iatro Chemical period. 11. SRSS., Ch. I 1 Sri Gautamaya namah. 12. Ibid., Ch. I 1 (MS-B) (Sri Ganesaya namab.) 13. Ibid.) Ch. 2, 3, 4 6 (Dhyanajjnesa, etc.). 14. "Pancabhutatamakah Sutastisthatyeva Sadasivah" II, Rasarnava. XIII. 78. . 2014, 1. 10, 24, For Personal & Private Use Only

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It appears that the the entire series of the Jaina treatises on alchemy is a compostion and epitome based upon some standard works on the subjects - chemistry, metallurgy, medicine and occultism and the contribution of the adepts. It is interesting to note that some Jaina alchemists declared their indebtedness to the previous Acaryas like Nagarjuna, 2 Padaliptasuri,3 Carpata, Natha.5 Sekham Ali and others? for a knowledge of certain processes of alchemy as is found in the case of other Indian works on alchemy. This seems to indicate that the cultivation of alchemy and chemical knowledge among the Jainacaryas became neglected at a certain period of Indian history of alchemy and almost forgotteri and the earnest research into the lore of alchemy has to be made during the time of the Jaina alchemists of the latro chemical period as was the case with the authors of other Indian works on Rasayanavidya on this problem. The peculiarity of the Jaina works of the Introchemical period on alchemy is this that they are based upon the Indian Ayurveda texts10 on the one hand and the Indian Tantric chemical treatisesll on the other. It appears from a study of the contents of the Jaina works Suvarna-RaupyaSiddhi sastra and others on alchemy in comparison with those of other Indian works on alchemy that the Jaina woiks are more or less a compi 1. There are some references to the inclusion of some additional materials of the later period in Suvarna-Raupya siddhi-Sastra and other Jaina work on alchemy, e. g.. Phiringiroga, phiringivaya etc., besides the mention of chemical formulae of Nagarujmna, Carpata Padaliptasuri, Sekham All. etc. ia the fst and 2nd chapteres of Survrn Raupy-Siddhi-Sastra. See, Rasaratnasaum caya. Manikyadevasuri. Contd., 2. Nagerjuna kehe dhandha thoda / SRS S., Ch. 60. "Palittaya-mai mai mahil/"Ibid. ch. II 4. 4. "Cajapata kare tamasa I, Ibid., ch. I 8, 14, 17, 36, 39, 5. "Natha bole..." Ibid. ch. I 19, 6. "Sekham Ali, "Ibid, ch, 1, 60, MS. 7. "Gandu bole". Ibid., ch, 1, 11, See Rasaratnasamuccaya, Manikyadevasnri. See Rasaratnakara, Rasarnava, Rasaratna-Samuccaya, etc. 9. Suvarnaraupyasiddhisastra of Jinadattasuri. Rasaratnasmu aya, of Manikyadeva Suri, Nagarjunividya, Paradevidhi. etc.. 10. See Carakasamhita, Susrutasmhita, Kalyanakaraka in regard to rasaprakarana, etc., 11. See Rasaratnakara, etc., . .. In almost every country the progress of Chemistry can be traced back to medicine and a belief in the making of articial gold by a chemical process of the transformation of base metals in to gold, For Personal & Private Use Only

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lation based upon many other Indian works, 1 of the Tantric period on the same problem or there might have been a common Indian source on alchemy from which all the Indian schools of alchemy might have drawn their respective alchemmical information. . Alchemy as found in the extant Jaina MSS. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi Sastra and others has dealt with the mineral kingdom-rasas? (superior minerals), uparasas3" (inferior minerals), ratnas4 (gems) und lohas5 (metals), etc., * Rasas (or Maharasa-superior minerals) are as follows : abhraka (mica), vaikranta (Tourmaline), maksika (pyrites), vimala (a variety of pyrite), silajuta-adrija (bitumen), sasyaka (blue vitriol), capala (Sulphide mineral), and rasaka (calamine), with uparasas (inferior minerals) are stated to be gamdhaka (sulphur), gairika (red ochre), Kasisa (sulphate of iron), tuvari (alum), tala (orpiment), manassila (realger), and anjana (Collyrium). Besides there are mentioned some other common rasas, such as, navasara (salammoniac), hingula (cinnabar) (syn darada.), etc. 6 Ratnas (gems) are vajra (diamond), mauktika (pearl), etc,?" six "lohas (metals) are recognized at the outset. They are as follows : Gold (Kancana, suvanra, pita or hema), silver (tara of Raupya), copper (tamra), lead (Sisa or naga), tin (vamga) and iron (loha). It is interesting to note that there is mention of zinc (jasta)" in the Jaina MSS. on Alchemy. 1. Rasaratnakara, Carpatasiddhanta, Rasarnava, Rasaratnasamuccaya, etc., 2. Suvarnaraupyasiddhisastra of Jinadattasuri. Rasaratnasamuccaya, of Manikyadeva suri etc); See 1st adhikara of Rasarat nasamuccaya, (beginnings). 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Iqid. 8. Suvarmaraupyasiddhisastra ch. 1; Rasaratnasamuccaya ch. 1. 9. SRSS, ch. III. 1, (jasta) III. 2, 16, etc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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.-9 Later on eight metals are named including two alloys-brass (pital) and bell-metal (Kamsa).. Jaina works on alchemy deal with mineral preparation in detail.2 They are also devoted to the short processes of killing metals3 and minerals as they are treated in other Indian works on Rasayanavidya. The Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi - sastra gives an account of the process for dissolving mercury and oxide of arsenic with conch - shell which Jinadatta Suri, the Jaina alchemist names Bhum Bhum and mentions ash of bone of the neck of camel and bone - ash of boars as solvent for metal. They are described as substances endowed with the property of dissolving metals.9 Besides, some distilling apparatus (Yantra) have been mentioned in the Jaina alchemical works as they find mention in other Indian alchemical works, e.g. Dolikayantra,10 Valukayantra,!! etc. In short they have treated of mercury, minerals and metals, the construction of apparatus, the mystic formulae for the purification of metals, the extraction of essence (Kalka), liquefaction and incineration of metals, etc. The virtues of mercury are commended in the Jaina alchemical works - the Suvarna - Raupy. - SiddhiSastra and others that men are freed from a multitude of diseases by partaking of medicines, prepared with mercury. There is an important reference 1. Lohanamani-loha 1, naga 2, vamga 3, trabo 4, kamso, 5, pitala, 6, tara, 7, hema 8, Ibid., ch. VI. 13, 2. See Rasaratnasamuccaya of Manikadevasuri and compare it with SRSS; Ch. I. 7, (Dhatuvada), 1. 51 V. 60. III. 41 (Hingulavidhi), III. 8 (Golakam vidhi) III. 84 (Khapariya sattvavidhi; IV. 23 (Talasattvavidhi); VII. 27. (Abharakavidhi); VII 27 (Navasarapani prakaranavidhi.); VIII. 6 (Kathirasodhanavidhi). 3. e.g. Rasaratna Samuccaya Paradavidhi 4. Ibid.; Compare SRSS., ch. VII. 27, II. 16, III. 27 (abhraka), I. 49, III. 84, 103, IV. 24, V. 1, 2, 3, 4, (mapagila), I. 19, 20, 25, 41, 42 (gamdhaka). 5. Rasarnava, Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vagbhata.. 6. SRSS., IV. 39; IX.51 (bhum bum=Samkhoha is sovent for kiling mercury and oxide of arsenic) 7. Ibid., ch. X. 33 8. Ibid., ch. X. 34 9. Ibid., ch. X. 33, 34,; See Hindu Chemistry, p. 162, for Samkhadrayaka. 10. SRSS., ch. VII. 9, IX. 14, X. 35, etc. , 11. Ibid., ch. VI. 9, IX. 45, III, 36 (Patalayantra), VI. 10 (Kavaciyantra). etc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 to abortion and harmless birth control, 2 brought, about if old ghee (clariefid butter) is taken by a woman during her menstrual period. The final phase of alchemy as found in the Jaina MSS. "Suvarna - Raupya - Siddhi-sastra, Rasarantasamuccaya, etc. is charactrized by the fact that over and above opium some other foreign drugs are found incorporated into its pharmacology as is evidenced in other Indian alchemical works. It is a well known historical fact that the Portuguese had fairly established themselves at Goa and some parts of India by the beginning of the sixteenth century A.D. 3 "As a result of intercourse of India with them that dreadful scourge - the venereal disease - Syphilis made its appearnce * in India. Syphilis (phiringi - or phirangiroga) as mentioned in the Jaina and other Indian alchemical works of the period "had now to be reckoned with and a new name had to be coined for it."6 The Jaina MSS-Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra and Vaidyaka-Samaraha prescribe calomel (rasakarpura)? (of reyamcinija and (Chabchipil = * 1. "Dhaturaka mula Krsna 14 Caturdasi tatha ravivare lije/dhupine * katiku bamdhana strika garbha gir pare garbha nahi dhare// Nagarjunividya, ch. 1, 23 2. "Ritukale pusana goghita khai pive to strigarbha nivare, sahi/, "Nagarjunjvidya, ch. I. gatha 24. 3. Hindu Chemistry, Dr. P. C. Ray, p. 162. 4. Ibid 5. A Jaina MS. of an unknown author of the 18th Century A. D. in the Collection of Kalyana Vijayaji No. 2695, Vaidyaka Sangraha in Old Gujarati in the same collection No. 2093, They throw light on this phiringiyata, and syphilitic chance, etc, and their remedies. e.g. Atha phirangavatapratikara. Bodarasingi, hirakasisa, katho, vaulachali dadimachali samabhagacurna limga capii limgaroga jai./. MS. No. 2095 (30994) Phirangavatasamadhih. "Rasakapura ta. 1, ilacidana la 1. Katho ta 1, Citraka ta 1, ciniyakapura ta l, akolakaro ta. 1 Jaiphala ta 1, javamtri ta 1, sarva ausadha pisi nimbursasasu goli 14, kijai, prabhati samdhai din 7, logala jai dudh, bhat pathya, phiramgavayasamadhi/, MS. NO (2093) 30992. "Remedy for syphilitic chancre (2095) 30994. Naghugha ta 1, kadho ta 2, cunokali ta.' 4, ekatra kari pisme ghee gayano ta 18, ghata Kasarabhajanamahe mardii, pra, 8 lagai, phiramga camdi jai, MS. No. 2985 (30994). 6. See Hindu Chemistry, p. 162; Arkaprakasa, etc. 7. Ibig. 8. SRSS., ch. X. 1 Vaidyaka Samgraha, Phirangavatasamadhih. 9. Ibid., ch, VIII, 35, IX. 68. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Cababchini - china root, smilax china, Ciniakapura) for what is termed for the first time as Phirangiroga or the diseases of the Portuguese. "The use of this drug as a remedy for Syphilis, it is believed, was made known to the Portuguese at Goa by the Chinese traders about A. D. 1535."1 Both opium 2 and mineral acids 3 are prescribed for many diseases. The Ayurvedic method of treatement has been described in the Jaina alchemical MS. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, etc. in detail as is evidenced in ample citations as given from the Indian Ayurvedic works.5 Some portions of the Jaina alchemical works have particularly been devoted to mineral prepartion 6 but it seems that they have been borrowed chiefly from some Indian works. The Jaina alchemical treatises have dealt with the preparations of medicinal tinctures and prescribed mercury treated with some other minerals as the remedy for many diseasess' as is found in Arkaprakaga, Bhavaprakasa. etc. As regards occultism it has been claimed by the Jaina alchemists in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra that a flowing river with' fui ftooid.. current can be crossed by walking on it with the power of some gutikas specially prepared by them. 10 One can alone conquer 1000 soldiers11 by keeping with him a gutika prepared with mercury, put into the head of a dead brave soldier who got killed fighting on the battle field. etc., one can overpower a woman or man by Vasikaranavidya. 12 etc. The main objective of Alchemy as pointed by the Jainacaryas was to show the way for the destruction of all sins (or evils) - poverty, diseases and old age. :? 1. Hindu Chemistry, p. 162. . 2. SRSS., ch. II. 30-31, VI. X 26, etc. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. chs. IX: X, XIV. 5. Caraka; Susruta, Kalyanakaraka. 6. SRSS., chs. I, X, XIV, etc. 7. Ibich, chs. I; X, XIV. Particularly, 8. Kid Chis. v. (paro mardii saviroga jai), Ibid. cha IX 21 (Raja ta. 5, ... sarvajvara jai) Ibid. ch. IX. 24 (Himgalo ta 1 ... paro ta...gatabale...) Ibid. ch. IX 25. (Hingalo sr. 1/4...saghala jvara jai). Ible. IX. 20, 28, 29, etc. 9. Arkaprakasa, vide Hindu Chemistry, p. 163. 10. SRSS., ch. VII. 2. 11. ekalo hajarane jite, satru hare", SRSS. ch. 11.5 12. SRSS. 13. SRSS; ch. II. (comm.). For Personal & Private Use Only

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FIRST CHAPTER First Section Minerals, gems, Metals and Apparatus Rasas (Minerals) INTRODUCTION In Jaina Alchemy as revealed in the Suvarna-Raupya-Sastra of Jinadatasari, Rasaratna Samuccaya of Manikyadevasuri. etc, the mineral kingdom has broadly been divided into Maharasas? (Superior minerals), Uparasa2 or Alparasa (inferior minerals), Ratnas3 (gems. etc,) and lohas, (metals) as is found in the works of Hindu and Buddhist Alchemy. 1. The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra deals with Maharasa, but it does not mention the term. The Rasaratna Samuccaya uses this term to indicate different kinds of Maharasa. "Vaikrantakamnamala-Sasyagadrayoh maksikabhedahibhido mahar asah", Rasaratna Samuccaya, Adhikara. 1. V. 5. 2. The Survana-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra does not refer to this term Uparasa', although it treats of various kinds of Uparasa. The Rasaratna Samuc*caya of Manikyadeva uses this term to connote Uparasas as inferior minerals. "Kamkusthagamdhamjanagairikamtdah; Silalakascoparasah ime matah 1"., Rasaratnasamuccaya, A. 1. V. 5. 3. The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra deals with various kinds of gems in a scattered manner without using the term (Ratna), while the Rasaratnasamuccaya mentions this term (Ratnas) to signify gems, etc. "Vajra, Vidruma, mukta, mani, Padmaraga, etc.- Rasaratna Samuccaya, 1.46, 47. "Lohanamanai-Loha 1, Vamga 3, taio 4, Kaso 5, pital 6, tara 7, hema 81. ', Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra, Ch. 6. 13.; Tamram taram Pittala naga hemni/vamgam Tiksnanam;/Kamsyakam/Vatlaloham Suryadinam namabhih khecaranam/Vijnatavya dhatavo anukramena,/Rasaratna Samuccaya A. 1. V. 6. Maharasa : Maksiko vimalah sailah capalah rasakastatha./Sasyako daradascaiva srotonjana mahascakam// Astau maharasascaivametan prathamatah srnu 11 tan prathamatah null For Personal & Private Use Only

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5. (Contd)., Rasarnava 7.2. "Abbravaikrantamaksikavimaladrjasasyakam/Capalalarasakasceti jnatv.." astau Samgrahedrasan // Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbha ta 2. 1. Upasayas :Gandhakastalakah sila saurastrikhagagairikam, Rajavarttascakamkusthaamatave parasah, Smotah 11, Rasarnava, 7.56. : 'Alho'prasah sadharana rasasca - Rasaratnasamuccaya, 3 rd ch. Uparasds are as follows :Gamdhaka (3, 12-25), Gairika (3. 46, 49), Kastsam (3, 51. 51, tuvari, (3-59-62, 63, 64, 65,), talaka (3. 66. 69, 74-75-80-81), Munahsila (3. 109); anjana (3. 98-99, 105--107); Kamkustha (3. 109, 111, 112,) Sadharanarasa : (Common minerals) Kampillasca paro gauripasano navasarakah/ Kapardo vahnijarasca girisindura hingulau |/... Mtddarassngamilyasta sadharana rasah, smotah / Rasasiddhikarah prokta Nagarjnapurahsaraih / Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbhat, 3. 126-7. Ratnas (gems) are as follows : : Manayo api vijneyah sutabandhanakarakah | Vaikrantah Suryakantasca hirakam mauktikam manih 77 Candrakantastatha caiva rajavdriasca Saptamah / Garudodgarakascaiva jnatavya manayastvami || Pusparago gomedasca padmaragah, pravalam. / . Vaidurya ca tatha nila etc.' api manayo matah 11 Yatnatah samgrhitavya rasabandhasya karanat 11 Padmaragendranilakhyam tatha marakatottamah/ Pusparagah Savajrakhyah pamcaratnavavarah smotah Manikyamuktaphala vidrumane taksyam ca puspambhidurar Gomedakam catha vidurakam ca kramena ratnani navagrahanam!" Rasaratnasamuccaya 4, 1-6. Lohas (metals) :Suvarnam rajatam tamram tiksnam Vamgam bhujamgamam 11 Lohantu sanvidham tacca yatha purvam Tadaksayam / Rasarnava. 7/97. suddham loham Kanakarajatam, bhanulohasmasaram, Putiloham dvitayamuditam nagavamgabhidhanam/ Misram loham trilayamuditam pittalam Kamsyavattam Dhatulohe luha iti matah so, apyanekarthavaci/, Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbhata,. Ch. 5/1, .. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The term 'rasa' is in general reserved for mercury in the Suvarna Raupya-Siddhi-Sastral and other Jaina?, Buddhist3 and Hiddat alchemical works, though it is equally applicable to a minerals or metallic Salt or prepared medicine. In the oldest Indian medical works like the Carakasamhita and the Susrutasambita the liberal meaning of rasa is juice of fluid (or chyle) of to-day. The Jaina medical text-the Kalyana Karaka, also maintains the same view, regarding its meaning fuid of the body' by which blood, serum, etc., are engendered according to the metabolic processes, 10 The Susruta uses the term, Rasakriya'11 meaning fluid extract or concentrated decoction. It is found in the Jaina, 12 Bauddha13 and Hindu14 a chemical and medical 1. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra Ch. 1.11, etc. 2. Rasaratna Samuccaya, Manikyadevasuri, Ch. II, 30 Rasa=Paradah (mercury) 3. Adhuna rasarajasya samskaran sampracaksahie) Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbhat etc, ch. 11. 4. Yavanna harabijantu Bhaksayet paradam rasam, etc. . Rasarnava. 5. Rasaratna Samuccaya Manikyadevasurich. 1. V. 5. (Maharasas & uparasas) 6. Suvarna--Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. See : "Atha Rasalohanam maranam" Rasaratnasamuccaya, Manikya. deva, Ch. 1. 32 ff. "Atha Kanakavajranama rasah", Rasaratnasamuccaya, Manikyadevasuri, Ch.II. 35 8. See Carakasamhita. 9. See Susrutasamhita. 10. "Rasadraktamitato mamsan mamsanmedah pravartate. Mocaso'sthi tato majja tasyassukram tatah prajah." Hitahitadhyaya, Kalyanakaraka Ugradityacarya P. 734. 11. Susruta, 12. SRSS.. Jinadattasuri, ch. 9.11. Rasaratnasamuccaya; Manikayandeva suri, ch. III. 42 13. "Rasam hemasamam mardya pithika girijamdhakam/Dvipadirajani rambham mardayet tamkananvitam!)... Divyadeha mavapnuyat/" Rasar atnakara, Nagaruna. 14. Yavanna Harabijantu bhaksayet paradami rasam/ Tavattasya kuto muktih, pinnasya dharanam" Rasatnava; 28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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15 works that mercurial and metalig preparations gradually supplanted the vegetable drugs and the term Rasa! was substituted for quick silver because of its semi fluid character and its miraculous therapeutical action on the humours of the the human body. 2 * The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra, uses the term "Rasa" or "Rasayana's (derived from arsa juice and ayana, way) in the sense of medicine 'preventing old age and prolonging life the etixir Vitae. Later on rasayana was almost exclusively applied to the employment of mercury and other metals in medicine. 6 Like the author of the Rasaratna Samuccaya, Vagbhat, the author of the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi Sastra, Jinadatta Suri and the author of the Rasaratai Samuccaya, Manikyadeva Suri, advocated the philosophy of mercury with its accomplishment for the removal of disease, old age and poverty and the elixir vitae and longivity of life. Mercury is named by the term rasa rasendra, Sata.10 Paro 11 parada 12 in the Survarna Raupya Siddhi Sastra of Jindatta Sari, the Rasaratna Samuc. caya of Manikyadeva Suri, 13 Rasarnava!' and Rasaratnasamucoaya15 of Vagbht. 1. SRSS. Ch. 14.1 "Rasatamkatrayam suddham Krsnadhaturaabijaje" etc. 2. SRSS. Ch. 14. 1-14. 3. SRSS. Ch. 1. 11, 14 etc. 4. Ibid. ch. 3, 82, Rs. 3-35, 36. 5. Ibid, ch. IX. 1, 2, (Amarakayakare). 6. Rasaratnasamuccaya 2, 21 etc. 7. "Disayu khayam Sarvaduriyanam" Ch. II., ga. 4, SRSS. Savvaduriyam = Daridrarogajaradinam (sayam) Tika, Ibid., 8. SRSS. Ch. I. II. etc. 9. Ikdi., ch. 2. 14. 2. 62. 10. Ibid, Ch. 1, 9, 1-16, 1-41, 1-44, etc. 11. Ibid, ch. 29, 1 38, 1.56, etc.; 12. Ibid., Ch. 5. 42. 13. Rasaratna Samuccaya, Manikyadeva. Rasa, (A. 1.14) Rasendra (A. II, 14), Suta (A. 11. 39) Parada (A. 1. 23). 14. Tvam mata Sarvabhutanam pita cabam Sangtanah/Dvayoga yo raso devi maha maithunasambhavab//Svairatah sambhavad devi Paradah kirtito mahab/Parada gadito yasca Parartham sadhakottamah//suto' ayam matsamo devi mama pratyangasambhavah / Mama deharasao yasmat rasastenayamucyate// Rasarnava, 1.34-36. 15. Raso rasendrah satasca parado migrakastatha/ Iti evamvidho jatah ksetra. Vedbena Sambhujah // Rasaratnasamuccaya, 1/67. Vagbhat. For Personal & Private Use Only

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6 Maharasa! (Superior mineral) as mentioned in the Jaina alchemicai ... works-the Suvarna Raupya Siddhi-Sastra and Rasaratna Samuccaya, viz., abhrak2 (mica), Vaikranta3 (tourmalihe), makiska* (Pyrites), amala5 (Vimala) a kind of silvery pyrtie, silagitab (or adrija)? (bitumen), sasyaka8 (blue vitriol= Thutho), Capala10 (Rossibly bismuth) and Rasaka!! (minural CalamineKharpara12) are to be indentified and collected with the corroborative evidences of other Indian alchemical works. Maharasas (Superior minirals) Abhraka12 (Mica) Abhraka (mica) is one of the Maha-Rasas (Superior minerals) which was used in Jaina Alchemy in both chemical processes13 and Indian medical science as an element of medicine. 14 IN the Rasarnava and Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vaghbat there is mention of four kinds of mica, viz. Pinaka, Dardukra, (Mannuka), Naga and Vajra, 15 There can be four divisions of each of them. 16 1. Rasaratnasamuccaya, Manikyadevasuri A. I. 5, Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra does not mention Maharasa by name. 2. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra, Ch. II. -16; III, 26, etc. 3. The SRSS does not mention the them "Vaikranta' but the RS (mention it in A. I. 5). 4. SRSS, Ch. I. 49, RS., A. I. 5. 5. RS. A. I. 5. 6. S.R.S.S., Ch. 9-41 7. R.S. A. I. 5. . 8. Sasyaka is called Thutho in S.R.S.S. 9. S.R.SS., Ch. V. 16; 8-18; 10.6; 10.27, 11-16; 12.2; 12, 27, 10. It is not clearly mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and Rasaratna Samuccaya., See RS. Ch. 1. 5. 11. SRSS., Ch. 1. 44, 45, RS. 1. 5. (7) SRSS. 8. 12. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra, Ch. 2. 16, 3. 26, etc. . Rasratna Samuccya, Manikyadeva Suri, A. 1-5.. 13. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, Ch. 2-16; 3-27; 5-37; 7. 3; 8. 17; 9. 50., 14. Ibid., Ch. 7-1; 2-23; 10-72; 11-14. 15. "Pinakam darduram nagam vajram cabhram Caturvidbam), Rasarnava-6. 4." ; 16. "Pinakanagamanaukam vajramutyabrakam matam / svetadivarnabhedena pratyekam taccaturvidham // Rasaratna Samuccaya, Vaghbat, Ch. 2 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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17 (a) Pinaka abhraka :- Its leaves, get separated on its heating on fire. It kills man by stopping stool. (b) Naga abhraka :- It makes hissing sound like snake - on its heating on fire. (c) Manduka abhraka :- It falls like frog on its heating on fire. It creates incurable disease-asmari. (d) Vajra abhraka :* No modification takes place in it on its heating. It makes the body hard like diamond and cures all diseases." In the Rasarnava it is stated that these four kinds of mica can be :recognized by their chemical nature. If pinakabhraka is kept on fire, it makes sound 'cit-cit,' if dardura abhraka is put on fire, it makes sound like cock, naga-abhraka hisses like fire and vajra abhraka remains really in the fire like vajra.2 Svedana of these kinds of abhrak (mica) with many kinds of plants and medicines has been discussed in detail. There is mention of attaining abbrakasattva on intense fire (heat) with bhastra in a Kosthaka yantra.3 The processes of dravana of abbraka (mica) are also given. In these chemical processes the application of plant is of great importance, e, g. make mica wet with the urine of goat together with kapi (Kevaca) and tindula and make avapana, then mica will be obtained like water. 1. Pinakam pavakottaptam vimuncati daloccayam / Tatsevitam malam baddhva murayatyeva mugavam || Nagabhram nagavat kuryaddhvanim pavakasamsthitam / Tadbhuktam kurute kustham mandalakhyam na samsayah 11 Uplatyotplutya mannukam dhmatam patati Cabhrakam | Tatkuryadasmarirogamasahyam sastroto, anyatha // Vajrabhram vahnisamtaptam nirmukta agesavaikstam / Dehalohakaram tacca sarvarogaharam param // Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbhata, 2/4-8. "Pinaka agnim praviste sabdasciticitarbhavet // Dardura agnim praviste tu sabdah kukkutavadbhavet | Agnim pravistam nagantu phatkaram devi muncati || Agnim pravistam vajram tu vajravattisthati priye / Rasarnava 6/4-6, 3. Tilacurnapalam guaja tripalam padalamkanam/Godhumabaddha taetpindo pancagavyena bhavita || Dhamana Kosthikayantra bhastrabhyam tira Vahnina / Patatyabhrasathvam Sattvani Dikhjlani ca," Ibid. 6/15-16. 4. Chagamutrena samsikta kapitindukarenuna | Abhrakam vipitar devi jayate Jalasannibham // Ibid., 6/23. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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.18 : The process of producing good mica. The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra describes a process of making good mica in this manner. 1. Make powder of black mica - 1 sr. by grinding it in human urine for 21 days. Next grind it in the juice of pita holola (Yellow Myrobalans), make, paste of it with the combination of rasa (juice or mercury ?). Give it fire in a gajaputa again, grind the medicine in such juice, give it gajaputagni. Thus give it fire 21 times. That good mica is produced. 1 2. Turn round Bhodala (raw mica! pai 1 bhar seven times and make -tasa (a little modi leaf) seven times by extinguishing it in water, seven times. Burn (or heat), Kavadi (sheets ?) again. 9 (times), crush them together and make tablet (out of them); put it into fire. Again crush them and make tablet, and get it dried up in fire. Thus heat it by turning it round 3 times, Next it will come into use.2 Paradadruti of Abhrak (mica) * Drench mica into water for four praharas, next take it out and make its layers, separated. Make them fine (podwer) by grinding them. Then bind the whole thing in a wet cloth for an hour and keep it in the sun. Mix mercuty into it, then put black tolaoi golo (a kind of substance not identined), make a fine hole under the jar, put a small pot underneath, place it on the furnace, lit fire on the pot fire then there comes out five - coloured flame. Then mercury falls (out of) mercury - coloured mica. Thus it is called parada druti of mica.3 The chemical process of mica for the medicinal use : Give 1 pata (roasting) Eclipta alb - wedelia calendulacca (Bhangra) to black mica, 2 patas of datura meta, 1, pata of Calotropis gigantea, 1 pata of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagadudhi), 1 pata of purple tephrosia (Sarapankha),' 1 pata of adventitous branch of Banian tree (Vadayai), 1 pata of cow's urine to it 3, each pata is followed by the heat of fire for 1 ghaci (24 minutes). 1, SRSS. Ch. 7.3, 2. SRSS. Ch. VI. 38. : 3. SRSS. Ch. 3, 27. 4. A kind of plant, For Personal & Private Use Only

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Visamajvara (typhoid fever) goes away (if the medicine thus prepared is taken); it is to be taken with butter made of she-buffalo milk, all gonorrhea (diseases) go away, if it is taken.1 Vaikranta (Tourmaline)2 According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhata, Vaikranta (tourmaline) has eight faces and six angles, it is slippery, heavy and of pure or mixed tint. There are stated to be eight kinds of vaikranta from the point of view of colour, viz., white, red, yellow, blue, with shades met with in the down of the pigeon, grass-green, black and variegated.3 There is mine of Vaikratna in the northern and southern parts of the Vindhyas. It is capable of cutting the metals like iron etc., because of its being hard. 4 Vaikranta can be purified by mixing ksara and salt in kanji, etc., amlavargas (acids), mutravargas (human urine, etc.), decoction of kulattha (Dolichos uniforus lamk) juice of banana (plaintain) or the decoction of kodo (Kodrava = paspalum scrobiculatum).5 If its ash is to be made, sulphur is to be rubbed in the juice of lemon and reduced to paste. Next by keeping Vaikranta into paste, it is to be gajaputagni eight times.6 :: 1. SRSS., Ch. 7-1. 2. Vaikranta (tourmaline) is not mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi Sastra as such, but it is referred to in the Rasaratna Samuccaya 1. 5. as one of the superior minerals. 3. Astasrascastaphalakah satkono masrno guruh / Suddhamisritavarpaisca yukto vaikranta uccyate // Sveto raktasca pitasca nilah paravatacchavih Syamalah krsnavarnasca karburascastadha hi sah // Rasaratna Samuccaya,, Vagbhat, 2/52-53. 4. Vindhyasya daksine bhage hyuttare va'asti sarvatah / Vikrntayati lohani tena vaikrantakah smrtah" Ibid., 2/58 5. Vaikrantakah syustridinam visuddhah samsveditah ksarapatuni dattva / Amlesu mutresu kulattharambhanire 'athava Kodravavaripakvah / Kulatthakvathasamsvinno vaikrantah parisiuddhyati // Ibid. 2/63-64. 6. Mriyate' astaputairgandhanimbukadrava samyutah / Vaikrantesu ca taptesu hayamutram viniksipet // Paunah punyena va Kuryad dravam dattva putam Tvanu / Bhasmibhutam ca vaikrantam Vajrasthane niyojayet / Ibid., 2/64-65. For Personal & Private Use Only

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235 If the essence of Vaikranta is to be taken out, give saturation to it by grinding Mokha, Moratala ta and Dhaka in cow's urine. Again, mix the ash of Vaikranta into the essence of Vajrakanda and haldi (turmeric), the powder of Triphala (amalaki haritaki and vaheda), borax and powder of lac and nausadar (nisada = Sal ammoniac) and rub it in the juice of Megasrmgi (Amaranthus Polygamus) and pill of it, again put it in a closed crucible and give it intense fire. There takes place the falling out of the essence of Vaikranta by this process.1 Maksika2 (Pyrites). Maksika (pyrites as mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra) is used in various chemical processes. This work refers to only one kind of Maksika, viz. Sonamakhi (golden pyrite),3 But according to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhata there are two kinds of Maksika, viz. golden pyrite (hemamaksika) and silvery pyrite (taramaksika). Maksika is born of the Sumeru mountain and is produced in the river-Tapi and in the land of the Kiratas, the Chinese and the Yavanas.5 It is further stated that golden pyrite is found in Kanauj (Kanpur, U.P.) and it is golden yellow coloured and that which is produced in Tapi is of five colours. Silvery pyrite is associated with stone and is of inferior quality.6 The purification of golden and silvery pyrites can be made by frying them in the castor oil or by cooking in the juice of Bijaura Nibu (a kind of lemon) or in the juice of stem of the plaintain plant. If it is put into 1. Mocamoratapalasaksaragomutrabhavitam / Vajrakandanisakalkaphalacurnasamanvitam // Tatkalkam tamkanam laksacurnam Vaikrantasambhavam // Navasarasamayuktam mesasrngidravanavitam / Pinditam mukamusastham dhmapitam ca hathagnina // Ibid., Ch. 2/66-68 2. SRSS. Ch. I. 49, II 14, XIV. 13. Rasaratna Samuccaya, A. 1. 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 30, 7. 28; 9. 2. Maksika dividho hemamaksikastaramaksikah // Rasaratnasamuccaya, Vagbhat, 2. 75. 5. Suvarnasailaprabhvo... 3. 4. Tapyam Kiratacinesu yavane su ca nirmitah // Ibid. 2/73 Tatra' daym maksikam kanyakubjottham svarnasannibham // Tapatitirasmbhutam pamcavarnasuvarnavat / Pasanabhahulah proktastarakhyo' alpa guatmakah // Ibid., 2/76, 6. Erandatailamatulungambusiddham suddhyati maksikam / Siddham va Kadalikandatoyena ghatikadvayam // Taptam ksiptam varakvathe juddhimayati maksikam / Ibid., 2/78 For Personal & Private Use Only

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21 If it is put into the decoction of Triphala by making it red hot in fire, it gets purified. If the ash of golden pyrite is to be made, mix equal part of sulphur into its powder, make pill of it by rubbing it in the juice of citus medica and varahapu ca (roasting in Diascorea) is given to it five times by putting it into a crucible. Mix 30 (th) part of lead into the powedr of golden pyrite and rub it with ksaravarga (alkalines) and amlavarga (acids), and make pill of it. Then heat it in the flame of coal by putting it into a crucible. The essence of golden pyrite is obtained by this process.3 Dravana of golden pyrite takes place by the process of rubbing the castor oil, powder of gunja (Abrus precatorius), honey and borax together and melting the essence of it on fire and putting the mixture into it. Amala5 or Vimala (A kind of silvery pyrite) Some Acaryas say that Vimala is a kind of Silvery pyrite. It is of three kinds-white, yellow and red or7 hemavimala (golden), taravimala, (silvery), and kamsyavimala (bell-metal like) according as it has the lustre of gold, silver and bell-metal respectively. It is round and is alsu endowed with angles and faces. 8 1. Matulungambugandhabhyam pistam muso-dare sthitam / Pamcakro daputa dagdham mriyate khalu", Ibid. 2-79. 2. Matulungambugandhabhyam pistam musodard sthitem / Pamcakronaputa dagdham mriyate khalu." Ibid. 2-79. 3. Trinsamsanagasamyukatam Ksarairamlaisca marditam / Dhmatam prakacamusayam sattvam muncati maksikam || Ibid., 2/81. 4. Eraalotthena tailena gunja knaudram ca tarikanam / Marditam tasya vapena sattvam maksikajam dravet // Ibid., 2/88. 5. Amala or Vimala is not clearly mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya Siddhi-sastra, but it finds mention as amala in the Rasaratna Samucc aya of Manikyadevasuri (1. 54). 6. It is referred to in the Rasarnava (7/151) & the Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vagbhat (2. 90) as vimala-one of Maharasa. 7. Vimalastrividho devi ! suklah pitasca lohitah" Rasarnava 7/15 Rasaratna Samuccaya. 2/89 Vagbhat. 8. Vartulah konasamyuktah saigdhasca phalakanvitah / Ibid., 2/90 For Personal & Private Use Only

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If vimala is given saturation with the juice of Sahoja (a kind of plant = Horse radish), alum, green vitriol, borax, vajrakanda (vanasuran) and the juice of oxide of moksakal plantain, and is heated with moksakaksara in a closed crucible, then the essence shining like gold comes out of it. This essence is really copper.2 Svarna-Vimala has been considered best in Svarna-Karma, taravimala in rajata-karma, and Kamsyavimala in ausadhakarma respectively3. Vimala becomes purified, if it is cooked in the juice of Aduse, Jambiri nibu or that of Mesassngi (Ailanthusexcelsa, or Adhatoda vasica, Citrus medica or Cymmnema Sylvestre = Dolichondron falcata) for two ghaais. Mix sulphur into the powder of vimala as equal to its part and rub the whole thing in the juice of the fruit of Badahala of lemon and make pill or ball, and heat it in gajaputa fire 10 times, its ash will be ready. Take the ash of Vimala, borax as equal to the portion of Vimala and the ash of Mesassnga (Dolichondron falcata) and rub them together,; again smear the inside of the crucible for Sathvapatan with the thing obtained thus. When the smearing gets dried up, close the crucible, heat it with dhauknans by putting it into coal or 6 prasthas, then the essence of Vimala will be obtained as shining like the Moon,5 1. Not properly identified. It may be Schrebera swietenioides. 2. Vimalam sigrutoyena kamksikasisatankanaih / Vajrakandasamayuktam bhavitam kadalirasaih | Moksakasarasamyuktam dhamitam mukamusaya || Sattvam candarkasankasam prayacchati na samsayah. / Rasarnava, 7/16-17. See Rasaratna Samuccaya 2/103-104. 3. Purvo hemakriyasukto dviliyo rupyakpnmalah / Tstiyo bhesaje tesu purvapurvo gunottarah / Rasaratna Samuccaya. 2/91. 4. Atarusajale svinno vimalo vimalo bhavet / Jambirasvarase svinno mesas girase, athava || Ayati suddhim vimalo dhatavasca yatha' apare, Rasaratna Samuccaya Vagabhat, 2/92. Gandhasmalakucamlaisca mriyate dasabhih putaih / Satamkalakucadravairmesasrngyasca bhasmana // Pisto musodare liptah samsosya ca nirudhya ca // Satprasthakokikilairdhmato vimalah Sisasamnibhah / Sattvam muncati tadyukto rasah syatsa rasayanah / Rasaratnasamuccaya Vagbhat 2/93-95 For Personal & Private Use Only

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23 Silajita 1 or silajatu or Adrij? (Bitumen) silajita or silajatu (bitumen) is mentioned in the Suvarna-RaupyaSiddhi-Sastra of Jinadattasuri and Rasaratnasamuccaya of Manikyadevasuri as superior mineral used in the chemical process and medicinal preparation. The Rasarnava mentions two kinds of silajita, 'viz. Patit and apatit, while the Rasaratna Samuccaya refers to two kinds of silajita, viz. (1) One having the smell of cow's urine, (2) the other resembling camphor. The first one is considered also of two kinds, viz, Sasatva and Nihsatva. 4 silajita oozes out in the heat of the sun in Summers at the foot of the Himalayas from the bowls of gold, silver and copper6 respectively. It is also called silavaddhatuka, sailaja, girisanuja, jatu, adrija, giri, saila, etc. as the hills heated in the sun in Summer vomit it like wax (grisme arkatapta-girayo jatu tulyam Vamanti yat-Caraka).7 It is stated that silajita which oozes out from the bowel of gold mine is red like the Jasmine flower, and heavy; that which oozes out from the bowel of silver mine is somewhat yellow and heavy; that which oozes out from the bowel of copper mine is of blue colour, thick and heavy.8 1. SRSS., IV. 41 2. RS., Manikyadeva Suri, Ch. I., V. 5. 3. Patito' apatitasceti dividhah saila Isvari | Granthantare' api Kirttyo' asau Kirttito bahubhih suraih // Rasarnava 8;18. 4. Siladhaturdvidha prokto gomutradyo rasayanah / Karpurapurvakascan yastatradyo dvividhah punah // Sasattvsacaiva nihasattvastayoh parvo gunadhikah / RS., Vagbhat, 2/102-3 5. Nidaghe gharmasantapta dhatasaram dharadharah / Niryasam ca vimuncanti taccnilajatu kirtitam," Rasarnava 7/19.. Grisme tivrkataptebhyah Padebhyo humabhubhutah / 6. Svarnarupyaka garbhyebhah siladhatur Vinihsaret 1., RS. 2/104. Vagbhat. 7. Silavat dhatukam domatam sailajam girisanujam / Jatvadrijam girih Sailah Prokta stvayanukirttitah | Rosarnaya 7/20. Svarnagarbhagirerjata japapuspanibho guruh || Sa svalpatiktas susvaduh Daraman Tadrasayaram | Rupyagrbhagirerjatam madhuram Panduram guru //. Silajam pittarogaghnam Visesat Pandurogahrt / Tamragarbhagirerjatam nilavarnam ghanam guru // RS. 2/104-6. Vagbhat. For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 . silajita can be purified by washing it in Ksara (or oxide), amla (AcidKanji) and cow's urine. There is another process of purifying silajita. Take one of these liquid substances-milk, the decoction of triphla and arka (calotropis gantia) and fill it in an iron pot; then put silajita into it and place it in the sun. The best part of silajita gets together on the surface, while the dirty part of it settles down at the bottom of the pot by this process. It can be purified also by the process of Svedana with the juice of Ksara, amla or guggula (Commiphora mukul : Indian Bdellium) for one ghaail (24 minutes). Patanakarma of silajita can be done by grinding it and rubbing it with dhanyamla, poison and sub-poison. This patan is done like that of capala (bismuth) Rub silajita together with realgar, sulphur and orpiment in the juice of citrus medica and make pills (or balls) of it. Then give putas (roasting) of 8 kando, it will get reduced into ash.3 . Rub sildjita with medicines of dravanavarga and amlavarga and put it into a crucible. Next heat it on the intense fire of coal, the essence will come out like iron. Tkutho or Sasyaka6 (Blue vitriol) Thutho (or Sasyaka) is mentioned in the suvarna-Ranpya-Siddhi-sastra) Rasaratna Samuccaya as mineral used in various chemical processes. Ksaramlagojalaidhmatam suddhyate ca silajitau / Athava goghstedapi triphala dvyardrakadravaih/ Lohapatre viniksipya sodhayet tattu yantnatah / Rasarnava 7/21. Ksaramlagojalairdhmatan suddhyatyeva silajatu / siladhatum ca dugdhena triphalamarkavadravaih / Lohapatre viniksipya sodhayedatiyatnatah // Ksaramlagugulopetaih, Svedaniyamtramadhyagaih, Svedita ghatikamanacchiladhaturvisuddhyati || RS. 2/110-112. 2. Sailam vicarnayitva tu dhanyamlopavsair Visaih / Pinnam baddba tu vidhivat patayeccapalam yatha | Rasarnava 7/22. 3. Silaya gandhatalabhyam matulungarasena ca / Putito hi siladhaturm. riyate asta girinlakaih || RS. 2/113. 4. Pistam dravanavargena samlena girisambhavam | Ksiptva musodara ruddhra, galhairdhmatam hi kokilaih / Sattvam muncecchiladhatustatksanallohasannibham RS. 2/116. 5. SRSS, 5. 16, 8.18, 10-6, 10.27, 11.16, 12.2, 12.27. 6. RS., Manikyadeva Suri. 1.5, Rasaratna Samuccaya 2/119, Vagbhat, 2/123-2 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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It has the play of colour in the throat of the peacok (i.e. has blue tint)1. Mayuratuttham2 is anemletic, an antidote to poison and a destroyer of the whiteness of the skin. The Rasaratna Samuccaya discusses it in detail. This blue vitriol (tuttha or Thutho) can be purified by the saturation with the medicines of Raktavarga. Its defect or impurity is removed by cooking it with clarified butter, etc.,-oily substance3 seven times. Green vitriol gets calcinated in 3 days by the process of mixing it with amalasara gandhak (sulphur) and borax and rubbing it in the juice of the fruit of vadahala and giving it kukkulaputa.4 Rub the powder of green vitriol and 4th part of borax together and drench the whole thing in the oil of Karanjaka for one day and night. Again make its pill and place it in a closed crucible, then heat it, the essence like Virabahut will come out.5 Capala (Possibly Bismuth) It is of four kinds-yellow, while, red and black. That which has the lustre of gold or silver is most appropriate for the fixation of mercury. The last two (red and black) are readily melt, like lac and are usless. Capala melts like tin when heated over fire, hence the name. It can be purified. It is useful in writing and in Sarirakarma and lohakarma. It is helpful to mercury and it is bitter, hot and sweet. It is transparent like alum in its look. Its grain is of six corners, smooth and heavy.7 1. 2. 25 3. Mayurakanthacchayam bharadhyamatisasyati, RS. 2/127, Vagbhata. Mayuravatuttam rasayanam Vamanarekakaram garaghnam Svitrapaham gaditamatra mayuratuttham // RS. 2.129 Sasyakam suddhimapnoti raktavargena bhavitam / Snehavargena samsiktam saptavaramadusitam // RS. 2. 123-124 4. Lakucadravagandhasmatam canena samanvitam / Nirudhya musikamadhye mriyati kaukkutaih putaih 1. RS. 2.125. 5. Sasyakasya tu curnam tu padasaubhagyasamyutam / Karamjatalamadhyastham dinamekam nidhapayet // Amdhamusasyamadhyastham' dhmapayet kokilatrayam / Indragopakrtiscaiva satvam bhavati Sobhanam // RS. 126-127. 6. It does not find mention in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, but it is stated to be one of the Superior minerals according to the Hindu Alchemy. 7. Gauroh sveto' arunah Krsnascapalastu caturvidhah / Hemabhascaiva tarabho visesad rasabamdhanah // Sesau tu madhyau laksavacchighradravau tu nischalau / Vamgavad-dravate vahnau, capalastena kirtitah // Capalo lekhanah siddho dehalohakaro matah/ Capalah, sphatikaccayahsadasrah snighdhako guruh / Rasa., 2/135-138, For Personal & Private Use Only

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26%% Capala can be killed by putapaaka by combining with sora (girimastaka borax)1. Its powder can be purified by saturation with the juice of lemon, Vandhyakakarkotaki and ginger. If its essence is to be taken out, rub it in the decoction of Kanji, Vatsanabha and Upavisas and make pill (or ball), next heat it in a closed crucible. Rub capala in these medicines, make pill of it medicines, make pill of it and put it in Sarava samputa, cover it up with cloth and clay and heat it in gajaputagni, then it will turn into best ash. Kharpara of Rasaka1 (Calamina) Khapara is mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and Samuccaya of Manikyadevasuri as one of the superior minerals used for various chemical processes. According to the Rasarnava, there are three kinds of Rasaka.-mrttikarasaka, gudarasaka pasanarasaka. Calamine which is like yellow earth is the best of all, that which is of the colour of molasses is medium and that which is like stone is of the lowest type.5 The Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vagbhata refers to two kinds of calamine, viz., Dardura and Karavellaka dardura. The first one is laminated structure and the second is non-laminated. Dardura is good for sattapatana and Karavellaka is best in ausadhakarma.6 T 1. Marayet putapakena capalam girimastake, Rasarnnava 7/126. 2. Jambirakarkotakasrngaverairvibhavanabhiscapalasya suddhih / Sailam tu culnayitya tu dhanyamlopavisaivisaih / Pindam baddhva tu vidhivatpatayet ccapalam tatha // Rs. 2/140-141. 3. SRSS., 1. 7, 11., 24, 44, 45; 2-1; 3, 14, 20, 57, 77, 84, 85. 104; 105, 4, 9, 28; 6.36; 7.23; 8.27, 8, 34, 9.53; 10.1, 11.25, 36; 11, 2, 4; 12.22, 30, 13.2. 2. 4. Rs., Vagbhata, 2: 40-41. 5. 6. Mrttikagudapanabhedato rasakastridha, Pitastu mrttikakaro mrttikarasako varah// Gudabho madhyamo jneyah pasanabhah kanisthakah //, Rasarnava 7. 28-29. Rasako dvividhah prokto dardurah, Karavellakah / Sadalah dardurah prokto nirudhah karavellakh Sattvapate subhah purvo dvitrya scausadhadisu / Rs,, 2/140-142 For Personal & Private Use Only

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27 Accordiug to Nagarjuna, both mercury and calamine are best and siddharasa, both can be applied in Sarirakarma and lohakarma. The cleverness of the Rasacarya in this matter is that he makes both mercury and calamine agnisaha (fire bearing), i.e. they do not fly up when heated on fire.1 .. If you want to purify calamine, cook it in the juice of bitter long gourd; when it gets well cooked and the juice gets dried up by cooking, it should be understood that it is purixfied. Its colour turns yellow.? .. . When calamine is quenched into human urine, horse urine, mattha or Kanji by heating it, it becomes pure.3 One process of obtaining Sattvapatana of calamine is as follows : On taking each of turmeric, triphala, (amalaki), haritaki and Vaheda, rala (resin), samdhav salt, dhuma, borax, and aruska (bhilava), each having, the quantity of 1/4 part of calamine, rub them into Kanji and the juice of lemon. Next make the smearine of this mixture in Vitakamusa and dry it up. Again put an earthen lid over its mouth and heat it in the fire of coal. * When calamine gets thin (liquid) by melting and lampate (flame) of blue, black and white colour begins to come out into the crucible, by it with a Salasi and get the essence, separated by turning it over. This is to be remembered that the tube (nala) does not break. On doing this, the essence which comes out is equal to tin. The essence does not come out by one time. For this reason the process is to be repeated three or four times. 1. Nagarjunena samdistam rasasea rasakavubhai / Sresthau siddharasau khyatau, dehalohakaran param | Rasasca rasakascobhau yenagu sahbnau ketau / Dehalohamayi suddhirdasi tasya na samsayah 11. - RS. 2/144-45. 2. Katukalabumiryase alooya rasakam pacet / Suddham dosavinirmuktam pitavarnam ca jayate RS. 2/146. 3. Ntmutre va asvamutre va takre va kamjike, athava / . . Pratapy majjitam samyak kharpareparisuddhyati // RS.. 2/148. Haridratriphalarala-sindhu-dhumaih satamkanaih 1 Saruskaraisca padamsaih samadih Sammardya kbarparam | Lipiam vsmtakamasayam sosayitva nirudhya ca / Musam musopari nyasya kharparam Pradhamettatah / Kharpare pradrute jvalabhavenila sita yadi / Tada samdamsato musam dhrtva tvadhomukhim | Sanairaspealayed bhumau yatha nalam na bhajyate // Vamgabham patitam sathvam Samadaya niyojayet / Svan tri-caturairvaraih sarvam, sathyam Vinissaret || RS. 2/150-153. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of making the essence of mineral calamine (Khapariya Sattvavidhi) Take mineral calamine 1 sr., natron ta. 20, borax ta. 5 and molasses ta 12; make casani of molasses. Put i pa of cow-dung, combine all these medicines and make vati (milk). Next put them into a tube (nali) and heat them by putting them into Jha jhoyantra. Take out the essence. Thus is the process of making the essence of mineral calamine. Rub mineral calamine i Sr. in (the juice of) Aloe vera for 7 days, rub it with all these-(the juice of) Vitex trifolia (Nagedi), next, rub it with honey 1, clarified butter, borax, Sal-ammoniac 1, molasses 1, and gunja 1. Next take it out and take the essence from the yantra. This is the process of making the essence of mineral calamine.? Uparasas3 (Inferior Minerals) i The following kinds of uparasa (inferior mineral) are mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra in connection with various kinds of chemical processes, viz, gamdhaka (sulphur, gairika (geru)5 (red ochre), Kasisa6 (iron sulphate), phitakali.7 or tuvar18 (alum), haritala! (orpiment), manahstla 10 (realgar), anjana11 (collyrium) and kamkustha 1 2 (a substance 1. SRSS., Ch. III. 84 2. SRSS., Ch. XII. 2.2 3. The Suvarna-Siddhi-Sastra does not mention 'Uparasa' as such, but it refers to different kinds of Uparasa as they are found in the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Manikyadeva suri, Rasarnava, and Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat. "Kamkusthegamdham janagairikamadah silascoparasah" RS., Manikyadeva suri. Ch. 1, v. 5. 4. (Gamdhaka) SRSS., Ch. I. 14, 20, 25, 29, 41, 42, 43, 59, etc., 5. Ibid. Ch. 1-41, 3-76, 11-20, 11-39 6. Ibid. Ch. 8, 30, 9:43, 10.21, 29, 60, 11, 16, 22, 39, 7. Ibid. Ch. 1.8, (3) 39, 3.1, 5, 30-31, 71, 76, etc. 8. Tuvari Phitakali, 9. Ibid. Ch. 1, 60, 2, 1, 4, 11, 12, etc. 10. Ibid, Ch. 1.49, 2.4, 2-13, etc. 11. Ibid., Ch. 6, 11, 12, 7-2, 12-15,-16, 13, 32, 12. "The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra mentions Hemakustha, not kamku stha as the dung of a newly born elephant, SRSS. 5.10 in place of kamkustha But the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Manikyadeva suri refers to Kankustha, RS. 1. V. Kamkustha is produced at the foot of the Himelayas RS. 3/109-110, Vagbhat. For Personal & Private Use Only

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produced at the foot of the Himalayas). All of them find mention also in the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhata.1 Gandhaka (Sulphur)2 Gandhaka (Sulphur) has been mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi Sastra in connection with various chemical processes and medinces. This work refers to ordinary gamdhaka, amalasara gamdhaka3 and into gamdhaka.4 According to the Rasarnava and Rasaratna Samuccaya, gandhaka is of three kinds: The first one resembles the beak of parrot (best), the second is yellow (medium) and the third variety is white (worst)5. Another authority says: There are four kinds of sulphur, viz., white, yellow, red and black respectively. The black variety is rarely found. Sulphur can be purified 1. 2. Rasaratna Samuccaya, Vagbhat. 3/ 3-11, 13.16, 21-22: 3. 49-51, 3. 52-54; 3. 55-5; 3. 62, 63-65; 3. 67-68-69; 3. 70-72; 3. 74; 3. 79; 3. 80-83, 3. 91-93, 96; 3. 98, 3. 101-106; 3. 107-108, 3. 109-110; 3. 113-116; 3. 121-22. 6. SRSS; 1.14, 20, 25, 39, 41, 42, 43, 59; 2, 14; 3, 41, 49, 50, 85, 4, 18, 23, 30; 5. 23, 17, 25, 35; 6. 15, 17, 19, 23, 26, 27, 38, 41, 42; 7, 10, 11, 19, 23, 24, 25; 8, 16, 22; 9. 7, 23, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 55, 66, 70: 10, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 39, 56, 57, 58, 60; 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39; 11, 1/6; 11/2/17, 11, 1/2/ 20; 11/2/21; 11/2/22, 11/2/22, 11/2/23, 11/2/24, 12.9, 10, 12, 20, 28, 13. 1, 9, 25, 26; 13/2/1; 13/2/4; 14/2/15, 14/2/18; 14/2/63. SRSS., 1.43; 3. 103, 105; 6, 17, 3. 4. Ibid., 8, 16. 5. Sa capi trividho devi; Sukacancu nibhovarah / Madhyamah pitavarnah syachhuklavarno adhamah priye // Rasarnava 7/67; Rasaratna Samuccaya. 3/13; Vagbhat. Caturdha gamdhako jneyo varnaih svetadibhih khalu / Sveto atra khatika prokto lepane lohamarane // Tatha camalasara syadyo bhavet pitavarnavan Sukapicchah sa eva syacchrestho rasarasayane // Raktasca sukatumdakhyo dhatuvadavidhau varah / Durhabha krsnavarnasca san jaramrtyunasanareh // Rasaratna samuccaya, 3/13-16, Vagthat. For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 by saturation with different things and last of all it should be washed with water. 1 According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya, the process of purifying sulphur is as follows: Cook sulphur in milk for one ghadi and then wash it in water. Next put butter milk into an iron pan and cast sulphur into it, then cook it. When sulphur gets melted, filter it with a piece of cloth. The part of stone and other parts go out of the purified sulphur. The poison of sulphur gets combined as a point automatically.2 In the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra many medicinal values of sulphur, for the remedy of diseases have been stated. Besides, there is given some description of the process of making oil from sulphur.3 The process of making Sulphur oil (1) Rub together these two-sulphur-1 sr. and sr. Put the juice of mango 1 sr. into their mixture. If there is the sunshine, put the juice (in it), otherwise not. Thus do it for a month. If the sunshine is strong, do it, if there is cloud do not do it. The process pierces seven leaves under and seven leaves over. True.4 (2) Give 21 patas (roastings) of ripe leaves of Calotropis to sulphur 2 srs; oil comes out in the sunshine in a patalayantra. True. Fixation of Sulphur Fill sulphur into a bulb of onion and cook it by giving it fire for 2 praharas. Sulphur gets5 fixed." 1. Karanjairandatailena dravayitva ca dughake / Sincedunmattaniryase tiin varamstam prthak prthak // 3. Jvalinibijacurnena matsyapittaisca bhavayet // Bhrngambhasa va saptaham bhavitah ksalito ambhasa // Rasarnava 7/68-69. 2. Payahsvinno ghatimatram varidhauto hi gamdhalah / gavajyavidruta vastad-gatilah suddhimrcchati// evam samsodhitah so' ayam pasananambare tyajet/ ghrte visam tusakaram dindatvameva ca// Rs. 3. 21-22. vagbhat. SRSS., 14, 15, SRSS. Ch. XIII, 2, 1 4. 5. Ibid., Ch. V. 35 6. Ibid., Ch. XI. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Gairika or geru? (Rod ochre)2 Gairika or geru (red ochre) is mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi- . Sastra, Rasaratna Samuccya of Manikyadeva suri in connection with vazious chemical processes and medicines. It also finds mention in the Rasarnava3 and Rasaratna Samuccaya4 of Vagbhata as one of the uparasas inferior minerals). According to the Rasarnava there are three kinds of gairika, viz, red, golden and another variety,5 white. The Rasaratna Samuccaya refers to two varieties of gairika, viz, pasana gairika and svarna gairika. The first one is hard and copper coloured and the second one is red, smooth and soft.6 In the Rasarnava there is mention of giving saturation to gairika with the juice of medicine of raktavarga, its decoction and bils." The Rasaratna Samuccaya states that both varieties of gairika get purified by the saturation into cow's milk.8 The white and red essence are gradually obtained from gairika. The opinion of one Rasacarya named Nandi is that gairika itself is. essence-like, so its essence cannot come out. But some Acaryas make mention of taking out its essence by cooking it in kanji and ksara. This essence can be mixed up with mercury and the combination is more efficatious than gairika. 10. 1. SRSS., Ch. 1.41,' Rs., Manikyadeva Suri, Ch. 1.5, 2. SRSS., Ch. 3.76, 11.20, 39, 3. Rasarnava, 7/83-84. 4. Rasaratna Samuccaya, Vagbhata 3/46-47 5. Gairikam trividham proktaraktahemakevalabhedatah / Rasarnava 7/83, 6. Pasanagairikam caikam dviryam svarnagairikam / Pasanagairikam kathinam tamravarnakam / Atyantasonitam snigdham massnam svarnagairikam / Svadu snigdham himam netryam netryam Raktapittanut" RS. 3/46247 7. Raktavargargarasakvathapit aistadbhavayet prthak Anena kramayogena gairikam vimalam bhavet, Rasarnava 7/83-84. 8. Gairikam tu gavam dugdhairbhavitam suddhimgcchati. 9. Kramatsitanca raktanca sattavam patati sobhaham-Rasarnava 7/84. 10. Gairikam sattamam in Nandina parikirtitam || : Kairapyuktam patetsatvam Ksaramlasvdtinagairikat / Upatisthati sutendramekatvam gunavattaram || RS. 3/49-5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Kesisa! (Iron Sulphate) or green vitriol. Kasia is one of the inferior minerals used in various chemical processes. If finds mention also in the Rasarnava, and the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat. There are stated to be three kinds of Kasisa viz. white, black and yellow.2 The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhata refers to only two kinds of Rasisa, viz, Balukasisa and Puspakasisa. Balukasisa is like the dust (or grain) of sand, of the colour of Kanii, agar and smoke, usnavirya and antidote to poison. It cures leucoderma (white leprosy) and blackens hair. Ruspaktsisa is bitter in quality and it also blackens hair.3 There is reference to giving saturation to Kasisa with the juice of Kasaundi and yellow taror by crushing it.4 Kasisa gets purified by drying up after drenching it into the juice of Bbangra (wedeliol calendulacea). The essence of Kasisa comes out like that of alum.5 Phitakali6 (Alum) or Tuva? Phitakadi (Saurasti or Tuvari) (alum) is useful inferior mineral in the chemical and medical preparations. It finds mention in other Indian 1. SRSS. Ch. 8. 3; 9, 43; 10. 21; 10, 29; 10.69; 11. 16, 22, 27, 39. Hirakasisa Ibid. 3. 103; 10, 21, Rs. Manikyadeva Sari, Ch. 1.5. 2. Kasisam triviadham suklam Krsnam pitamiti priye, Rasarnava, 7/81 3. Kastam balukadyekam puspapurvamathaparam / Ksaramlagurudhumabham sosnaviryam Visapaham || Puspadikastsamatiprasastam......... Kacaranjananca II., RS., Vagbhat. 2/52-54. 4. Kasisam curnayitva tu kasamarodarasena ca .. * Raiakosatakosatakitoyaih pittaiscaparibhavayet // - Rasarnava 7/81-82. 5. Sakrdbbtngambuna vilannam nirmalam bhavet / Tuvarisattvavat sativametasyapi samaharet, RS. 3/55-56. SRSS., Ch. 1, 8, 13, 39; 3.2, 5, 30-31, 71, 76, 102; 4.8, 12, 28; 5.2, 20, 32, 39; 67, 8, 19; 8.2, 7, 22; 9, 38, 41, 52; 10.6, 12; 3.9; 11.11; * 12, 17, 12.10, 27; 13.6, Rs. Manikyadeva suri. Ch. 1.5, 7. Ibid., Ch. 1.61, For Personal & Private Use Only

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33 alchemical work like Rasarnavai and the Rasaratna Samuccaya,2 etc. According to the Rasarnava, there are three kinds of alum, viz, white, black and Khandatmika3. The fragrant earth (i.e. interior mineral) is produced. in the mountains of Saurastra, hence its name is Saurastri or tuvars. It dyes, cloth and fixes the colour of Indian madder (i.e. morpant.) Ordinary phitakars is light yellow, heavy and smooth. There is one variety of tuvari or phitakari called phullika. This pullika is light in weight and of white colour, smooth. Copper gets incinerated quickly by its smearing with alum. It curer acute rosca and leprosy.. Alum gets purified by its drenching into sour rice water. If its essence is to be taken out, it is to be rubbed with ksara and amla in a mortar.7 The process of taking out its essence by giving 100 saturations toil with the bill of cow and heating it in the fire of coal is stated to be secret. 8 Fixation of Alum Alum is fixed in the juice of Asvakanda (whose stem is like the penis of a horse). Give it 7 putas (roastings) of cloth and clay. The essence is produced.9 1. Rasarnava 7.79, 80, 2. RS., Vaghbat, 3/63-65. 3. Sita krsna ca Saurasti cuona-khandatmika ,ca sa., Rasarnva, 7/79. 4. Saurastrasmani sambhuta motsnai sa, tuvar mata /, RS., Vagabhat. 3/62 5. Vastresu lipyate yasau mamjistha-ragabamdham II., Ibid., 3/62. 6. Sphataki phullika ceti dvitirtita parikirtita / Isatpita guruh snighdha pitika visanasini / Vranakusthahara sarvakusthaghni ca visesatah // Nirbhara subhra varna ca snighda Samlas apara mata. Sa phullatuvari prokta lepattam caredayah" 7. Tuvari kamjike ksipta tridiniacchuddhimscchati // Ksaramlairmarditam., Rs. 3/67-68, 8. Gopittena satam varan Saurastrsi bhavayettataa / aurastrym bhavayettataa / . Dhamitva patayetsattavam kramanam catiguhyakam // Rs. 3/69. 9. SRSS. Ch. V. 2., For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 Haritalal (orpiment) Haritala is mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra as mineral ntilized in various chemical processes and medicinal preparations. This mineral finds mention in the Hindu2 and Buddhist3 alchemical works for the same purpose in large measure. It is also called talaka. According to the Rasarnava there are stated to be two kinds of orpiment, viz., Patula (talaka) and pinna (guvarika) The first one is of leafy structure, the second one is found in balls or cakes. Svarnapatri (taaki) hartala is yellow like gold, heavy, smooth and light (thin) leafy and bright, while pinda haratala is like without leaf or huving a few leaves and heavy.5 Orpiment is to be purified by cooking it in the juice of cucumber (or gourd), and alkaline water of ashes of sesamum or in lime water in a Dolikayantra. To make ash, crpiment is to te itted with buffalo's urine and thrice macerated in the decoction of Butea, monosperma of the consistency of honey, and to be roasted in a Samputa covered with a layer of cloth and clay and powderd by repeating the process twelve times. 1. SRSS., Ch. 1.13, 29, 60; 2.1 4, 11, 12, 16, 23, 26, 27; 3.33, 71, 72, 85, 103; 4.6, 7, 23; 5.1, 2, 3, 6, 7.23; 8.2, 8.18; 9, 7, 12; 11.12, 18; 11/12/ 19; 12.8, 9; 12/20/1; 12/23, 13.17; 13/2/16; 14/2/19: 14/2/19; 14/2/31; 14/2/2/33., Rs. ch. 1. V. 2. Rasarnava, etc. 3. Rasaratna Samuccaya, etc., Vagbhat 4. Talakah patalah pinno dvidha tatradya uttamah ), Racarnava, 7/74. Haratalam dvidha proktam patradyam pindasamjnakam. Rs., Vagbhat 3, 70. 5. Svarnavarnam guru snigdham tanupatram bhasuram // Tatpatratalakam bahupatram rasayanam / Nispatram pinnasadssam svalpasativan an tatha guru // Rs. Vagbhat 3/70-72. 6. Svinnam Kusmandatoye vatita Ksarajaleapi va / Toye va curdam samyuktam dolayamtrena suddhyati., RS., .3, 74, For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 35 Then this ash of it is fit for use in medicinc.1 The process of taking out the essence of orpiment is as follows : Take equal portion of orpiment and borax, and rub them with Kalatthi, clarified butter made of buffalo milk and honey; Make balls of them. Put them in an earthen jar (or yessel.) Put a lid having holes over its mouth. Close the joint between the lid and vessel, place it on the furnace and give slow and intense fire to it. When the white smoke begins to come out first blue and yellow smoke comes out and at last white smoke. Then close the holes of the lid nicely with cowdung. On its getting cooled down, take it out and break the joint of the jar and take out the essence deposited in the jar.2 The process of making the essence of orpiment Combine together equal quantity of godanti orpiment sr., * of Cinothi-(Beadtru=Abrus precatsrius) seed of Palasa papad-(Butra monosperma ?) $ sr. and dip them into the urine of she-goat, give them 3 patas. (roastings). Put a strong seal by pourine them into an earthen vessel. Make a hole into the inner jar (Jar between two jars); put the paao (quanttiy= does) of medicine into that jar. Give a strong seal with the earthen jar. Fill the dung of she-goat into the upper jar, give fire to it, The essence of orpiment comes up.3 1. Madhutulye ghanibhute kasaye Brrhmamulaje / Trivaram talakam bhavyam pistva mutre atha mahisc* Upalairdasabhrdeyam putam ruddhatha pesayet / Evam dvadasadha pacyam suddham yogesu yojayet." Rs., 3/79., Vagbhat. Kulitthakvathasaubhagyamahisyajyamadhuplutam / Sthalyam ksiptva vidadhyacca mallenacchidrayogina Samyangnirudhya sikhinam jvalayetkramavardhitam / Ekapraharamatramdhramadaya gomayaih // Yamante chidramudghatya drste dhume ca pandure / Sitam sthalim sattvamut-rtya- caharet // Sarvapanasattvanam prakarah santi kotisah / Granthauistarabhita, atra likhita na maya khalu II. Rs., 3.80-83. 3. SRSS., ch. IV. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 Purification of orpiment Give 21 putas (roastings) to orpiment with the juice of sunehali (Euphorbia neriifolia ?) without fire. The becomes white orpimcnt. True.1 Hold Indian Squvill (Kolikanda) on fire, when it becomos slightly warm, then take out its juice by pressing it with hand, put it (juice) into orpiment and grind it (orpiment). Thus is the process of orpiment,2 The process of extacting oil of orpiment Give 21 putas (roastings) to orpiment and rasa (regin or kind of wax) in the juice of Aloe vera. Put the whole thing into a bottle and take ou its oil (by boiling it).3 Manahsila (Realgar) Manahsila (realgar) is mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra of Jinadattasuri, Rasaratna Samuccaya of Manikyadevasuri, and other Indian alchemical works5 as one of the inferior minerals. According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat there are stated to be three kinds of Manahsila (realgar) viz., syamangi, (2) Kanaviraka and khandakhya. Amongst them syamangi manahsita is of black, red and little yellow and mixed colour and it is heavy in weight. Kanakaavirkhya manahsila is bright like copper and nirgaura (not yellow).. Khandakhya manahsila gets reduced to powder quickly; it is very red and heavy in weight. Syamangi manahsila is most inferior (lowest) and Khandakhya is the best of all from the point of view of essence.7 1. SRSS., Ch. III. 8 Ibid., Ch, XI. 2-11. SRSS., Ch. XI. 42 SRSS., Ch. 1.48; 2.11, 12; 3, 10, 41, 84; 4.24; 5.1, 2, 24; 6.19, 38; 7.19, 20, 23; 8.2, 4, 18, 24; 9, 7, 15, 23, 44, 46; 10.21, 22, 39; 11.9, 16, 39; 11/2. 6; 11/2/17, 11/2/31; 11/2/38; 11/2/39, 12.7, 8, 9, 12, 20; 13, 14, 17; 13/2/1. Rasaraina Samuccaya, Manikyadeva suri. 1.5 2. 3. 4. 5. Rasarnava, 3/78; Rasaratna Samuccaya, Vaghbhat,, 3/99-13; 3/96, 3/98. 6. Manahsila tridha prokta syamangi kanaviraka / Khandakhya ceti tadrupam vivicya parikathyate // RS., 3/91. Vagbhat 7. Syama rakta sagaura ca bharadhya syamika mata / Tejasvini ca nirgaura tamrabha Kanaviraka // Curnibhuta' atiraktangi sabhara khanda-purvika/ Uttarottatatah srestha bhurisattva prakirtita; // RS. 3/91-93. For Personal & Private Use Only

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317 Manahsila gets purified if it is given saturation in the juice of leaf of Agasta (Sesbania grandiflora) for 7 days or if it is rubbed in the juice of ginger for 7 days. In order to extract its essence, combine 1/8 th part of mandura (fang), gud (molasses), guggala (bofellium) and make pill. Heat it by putting it into a sattvatana musa (Crucible).2 Anjana (Collyrium) Anjana (Collyrium) is one of the inferior minerals, it is mentioned in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and other Indian alchemical works as useful for the Chemical process. According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat, there are stated to be five kinds, of collyrium, viz., Sauviranjana (white collyrium), rasanjana, (Rasant), sroto anjana (black collyrium), puspanjana (white Collyrium) and nilamiana (blue collyrium) 5 Sauviranjana is of smoky colour, it purifies vrano (pene rosed) Rasanjana is somewhat yellow, srotonjana, (Srotah tamjana srotanjana) is cold, smooth, pungent, beneficial in writing, etc. Puspanjaua is of white colour, smooth, cold and remedy for all eye troubles. Nilamjana is heavy, api 1. Agastyapatratoyena bhavitah saptavarakam/ Stngaverarasairva Visuddhyati mahahsila" Rs. 3/9/6. 2. Asta mamsena kittena gudaguggulsarpisa/ Kosthyam ruddhva dinhamata Sattvam muncenmanahsila", RS., 3/98 3. SRSS., Ch., 6. 11; 12; 7. 2; 12; 15, 16, 32, RS., Manikyadeva Suri 1.5, 4. RS., Vagbhat., 3/10/-106 3/107-108 3/109/-110 Sauviramanjanam rasamianamatah pram/ Sroto anianam tadanyacca puspanjanaka meva cal/) Nilaanianam ca Tesam hi svarupamiha varnyate/ RS., 3/101-2, Vagbhat. 5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 smooth, efficacious to eyes, good in things, good and useful in rasakarma, (Chemical action)1 All kinds of anjana get purified by the process of rubbing it with the juice of Bhrngaraja. Like realgar the essence of collyrium can be extracted.2 Srotonjana is like the apex of valmika (ant's hill). On its breaking it looks like blue lotus from inside. On its rubbing it gives out red (colour), like the red orchre. It is rubbed with the juice of cowdung, cow's urine, clarified butter, honey and fat; it can fix mercury.3 Hema Kusta or Kamkustha5 The Suvarna Raupya Siddhi Sastra mentions Hemakustha while the Rasaeatna Samaccaya of Manikyadeva suri refers to Kamkustha as one of the inferior minerals. 1. Sauviramanjanam dhumram raklapittaharam himam// Visahidhmaksirogaghnam Tranasodhaharopanam / Rasamianam ca pitabham visavak ragadapaham // Svasahidhmapaham varnyam vatapittastranasanam / Srotoanjanam hinam snighdham kasayam svadu lekhanam // Netryam hidhmavisaccdardrkaphapittasaroganut // Puspanjanam snigdham himam Sarvaksiroganut / Atidhurdharahidhmaghnam visajvaragadapaham // Nilamjanam guru snigaham guru snigaham netryam dosatrayapaham / Rasayanam suvarnagfinaam lohamardakakarakam // RS. 3/101-106. 2. Anjanani visudhyanti bhrngarajanuadravih // Manohvasattvatsattamani janam pama Paxut // RS. 3/107-108. Vamiksaikoaram bhange nilotpaldayuti / ghrstam tu gairikacchayaim laksayedn dhruvam // Gosakrdracamutresu ghrtaksaudrvasaasu ca/ bhavitam Dalm Satam ca Sighrom badhnati sutakam // 3. 4. 5. RS. 3/109-110 SRSS. 5.56, 57, Jatamatrasya hastinah prathamani vista, te. hemakustham ucyate 15.57. RS. Manikyadevasuri., Ch. 1-5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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39 According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat, Kamikustha is produeed at the foot of the Himalayas. Other Indian alchemists, and the author of the Suvarna-Siddhi-Sastra are of opinion that it is the excreta of new born clephant. 1 It is of white and yellow colour and is a strong purgative.2 It is of two kinds : Viz. Nalikhya and Renuka Nalikakhya kamkustha is of yellow colour, heavy in weitht, bright and best. Renuka kam kustba is of mixed black-yellow colour and light in weight, it is regarded as inferior because of living essence. Some Acarya calls the nala (dung) of a newly born horse, as Kamkustha. Its colour is mixed white-yellow.3 Kamkustha gets purified by the process of saturation three times in decoction of Sontha. It is itself essence like. for this reason essence can not be extracted. 4 Sadbarangrasa-Common minerals The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra makes mention of some common minerals besides the superior and inferior minerals, such as, Navasara5 or 115. 1. RSSS., 5.57, 2. Kecio vadanti kam kustam sadyojatasya dantinah / Varcasca syamapitabham recanam parikathyate. RS.3/115. Himavatpadasikhare karkusthamupajayate / Tatraikam nalikakhyom hi tadanyadrenukam matam // Pitaprabham guru snigdham Kankusthamadimam / Syamapitam laghutyaktasatvam nestam hi renukam || Katicittejivahanam nalam kamkustha-samjnakam / Vadanti svetapitabham tadativa virecanam // RS., 3/113-116. 4. Kamkustham suddhimayati tridha Sunthyambubhavitam / Sattvakarso asya na prokto Yasmatsattvamayom hi tat. RS., 3/121-122. 5. SRSS., Ch. 1. 31; 3-5, 40, 50, 70. 73, 74, 76, 104; 4-14, 23, 5-1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 22, 25, 32, 43, 6. 17; 7. 26, 27, 28; 8-13, 18, 19, 20; 2-11, 23, 41, 44, 46; 10. 6, 9. 10, 22, 27, 28, 39, 45. 58; 11. 13, 14, 17, 21, 34, 33; 11/2/6; 12. 3, 4, 17; 13, 20; 13/2/2; 13/24, 13/12/14, 14/12/116, For Personal & Private Use Only

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40 Navasadara (Sal ammonic), Somalai (oxide of arsenic) or Samkhiu somala or qauripasana, Hingula2 (cinnabar) or Darada or Simga raph, samudraphean (or vahnijara, agjnijara or Samudraphala), sindura or girisindura Kaparcaka+ (or Varatika), etc. Navasara or Navasadara (Sal-ammoniac) This mineral is used in various chemical processes as stated in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra and other Indian alchemical works.5 Navasara is produced by the decomposition of the shoots of bamboos and of the wood of careya arborea. 6 Burn the woods of Karila Pilu (bomboo and careya arborea) in the fire and mix well as into water, when the ash settles down at the bottom of the water-pot, filter the water of the upper part of it and cook it. On the burning (or drying up) of water only Ksara (ash) remains. It is called Navasara (Sal-ammoniac). Its another name is cullika salt also.. * The light yellow powder which is found deposited in the bhattha (heart) as a result of burning of the bricks is also claled Navasar or cullikalavana. The process of treating of Sal-ammoniac (Navasaravidhi) Take Sal-ammoniac pai 10 and lime 2 srs., grind sal-ammoniac, lay out grains of lime under and over (it), in an earthen pot, put sal-ammoniac over it (Cuna). Spread out Kalicuna over it (Sal-ammoniac). Next put water into the earthen bowl, give water fully so that it overflows it: put that water into the second earthen pot or bowl (or vessel). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SRSS., Ch. 1, 35; 2. 11; 3. 6x, 8, 13, 14, 21, 25, 48, 62. 71, 102; 4. 4; 4. 13. 17, 23; 5, 3, 32, 38, 39; 6. 6. 7. 8, 19; 8. 7; 9. 23; 10, 4, 47, 57, 11. 9; 11/3/6; 11. 36; 13. 27; 13/27, 14/2/115, 14/2/63. Ibid., Ch. 2, 36, 5. 32, 11/8/6, 11/2/15, Ibid., 12. 4, Ibid. 1, 21; 2. 6; 3. 14; 7. 13; 8. 30; 9. 42, 11. 14; 11/2/5. RS., Vagbhat, 3/134-136. Korirapilukasthesu pacyamanesu codbhavah | Ksaro' asau navasarah syacculikavanabhidhah / Rs.,3/134. For Personal & Private Use Only

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After taking water of lime 3, place two earthen bowls on the oven (furnace), go on putting that water (of lime) little by little. Make (lit) fire under the earthen bowl. After heating of the whole water, rasa (juice or mineral) bubbles inside, take it out. That sal-ammoniac is fixed, it becomes liquid on fire.1 The process of Sphatika (ivory) is like that. The process of fixation of Sal-ammoniac and making its essence Sal-ammoniac is fixed in the juice of Umbara (fig tree). Crush Morthuthu (a kind of poison) in the juice of croton tiglion (Danti) and give it 7 patas (roastings.) The essence is produced.2 41 The process of making water of sal-ammoniac. Bring Sal-ammoniac, make a hole into a brinjal by cutting its stalk (bita), take out the kernal (garbha) of the brinjal and fill sal-ammoniac into it; give a piece of stalk into the hole, put it into paddy of 1 prastha and boil it there. Sal-ammoniac becomes water. Close corton tig, cassia angustifolia and Dolichos biflorus in water in a Dolikayantra for 1 prahara. Next take the whole thing out. Rub them (Cassia and cinnabar) in the juice of Aloe vera by combining together 1 tola of cassia and 1 tola of Hamsapaka Hingula (cinnabar), besmear thorn piercing. Copper leaf, with that paste put it into a fresh lid (Sarav) and give it gajaputagni by putting a layer of cloth and clay, give a puta to it, (roasting) till copper gets killed. Next mix the dust of copper equal to the quantity of silver and melt them. There becomes 10 carat gold.3 1. The process of making pegami Navasara. Make a leaf of zinc sr., rub sulphur in mustard oil and smear it on the leaf of zinc, give it putas (roastings) six times. Thus, give it 108 such putas as the leaf does not get melted. Melt zinc and mix mercury with it as measuring equal to of it and make tablets. Put lime 2 srs. under and over it and blow it with water; such 108 putas (are to) be given. Mix silver tola 1 andrati of the essence. Drench sal-ammoniac into the juice of Siddhi (Rasna) (Vegetable Rennet), if it is blown up, it becomes fixed. If again, it is drenched and blown up, it does not fly (blow up). If this process (is) done 7 times, it become Pegami Navasar (Sal-ammoniac)* 1. SRSS., X. 45. 2. Ibid., V. 2. 3. SRSS., Ch. VII. 28. 4. SRSS., Ch. X. 58, For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 2. The process of making Pegami Navasara Rub all these-mercury Pai. 1, centipeda orbicularis pai 1 by drenching the whoe thing in the lemon (juice) and (putting) sulphur demadi (pai 1) bhar. and borax pai 1 bhar into them. Next rub them all in the juice of corallocarpus epigaeus (Nathi), close the whole thing in a samputa (lid) and give it fire for 1 prahara. Put a pill of sal-ammoniac pai 10 into an earthen vessel, put lid (on tin) over it. Put a pot of siddhi (Sisa) over it by filling it up., make a hole at the bottom of the pot. First go on giving a litte rasa (juice or fluid) like tuya (drops); next slowy make thick stream for 3 days; water is sucked. Both make noise and continue to make noise, then it is accomplished. Its test; that which becomes red sucks the water of tin. That is to be known as Pegami Navasara. First give dipagni (light of lamp), next increase and increase it.1 Take sal-ammoniac. ta 10, and powder of Nrtubali2; (double) (of the former) ta. 20, put (give) sal-ammoniac under and over the latter. Give seven putas to the whole thing in a kabaciyantra, go on putting double powder in every puta. As a result there becomes pamcarang (five-coloured) pure Pegami Navasara. Pure sal-ammoniac comes from the ship. Put that Kabaciyantra into that earthen bowl. Cover (it) under and over with double powder, put a lid (Saravalu) over it upside down. Pat a layer of cloth and clay over it, fill sand over it, give it fire under it for 1 prahara. and give it 7 putas.3 Some chemical Processes in combination with sal-ammoniac: grind these things-Sal-ammoniac pai 5, Kalami cuno (a kind of lime) pai. 5, and Samudraphena. Vahnijara (dried up i. e. womb of aquatic Agmnakra a kind of sea product.) Use in the jarana of murcury pai. 5. Put them into a big pot (carudo)- under and over, cover it up and seal it up. Put seven layers of cloth and clay over it dry it up and give it fire into a bhati of a furnace. Next put sal-ammoniac into a pan of Kantiloha and make it wet with water, put it there where is air, at night it gets melted and become (rasa), Put it on the furnace in the morning, give it fire with the wood of Cottontill, the liquid gets dried up. Put it again in the air, again give it fire. It in the juice remains and doingthus it is produced,* 1. SRSS., Ch. II-21. 2. Not' idenlified. 3. SRSS., Ch. 12.3. 4. SRSS., Ch. 12.4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Some other Chemical process. * Put sal-ammoniac pai 1 and mercury. pai into an agiu of the inside of brinjal for 4 days and give it fire for 4 -praharas. Again crush them and put then into it and give fire to it for 4 praharas. Somala Rub Malla (Somala =oxide of arsenic) 1 sr. in the juice of five limbs. of (Mustard tree of Scripture=Salvadora persica ?) viz, fruit flower, leaf, bark and root. Put it into a bowl made of glass (Kacadi give it fire in a Damaruyantra for 4 praharas. Thus give it 40 putas of khicadi, (hotchpotch ?). If the bowl breaks make a new one. On doing thus, the whole thing settles down like Silver at the bottom. Mix } rati of the essence.? It kills mecury, liquefies iron and it is a stomachic and an absorbent of the spleen and aids digestion after much eating. Cullikalavana is useful in the jarana (killing) of mercury and in the melting of metals.3 Somal of is used in many chemical processes according the Indian alchemical works. It is of three kinds, viz. (1) yellow like turmeric (2) bright and hard like ivory and white and bright like conchshell. If it is to be purified take one big karela (Momordica charanlia) and take out, the pulpa (guda) of (from) the inside of it and put the small pieces of oxided arsenic inside it. Then cook it into a Dolayantra for 1 prahara. Its essence become white bright like the colour of gold or Kesara (Mesua forrea). If it is blown by putting it into a Tiryakyantra, mercury is obtained from it, which can be collected (Combined) in Jalasaya (Water). Among the three kinds of Somala yellow Somala is the best: 5 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 43 2. SRSS., Ch. 12.5. 3. RS., 3.1 29 vide findu Chemistry P. 176 4. Gauripasanakah pito vikato hatacurnkah sphacikabhasca samkhabho haridrabhastrayah smota // Purvah purvo gunaih sresthah Karavalliphale ksipet / Svedayed-damdikamadhuye, suddho bhavati musakah // Talavad grahayetsattavam Suddham subhram prayojayet/Rasabamdha karah snigdho dosaghno Rasaviryakit // Rs. 3/130-133. vaigbhat, 5. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Hingula' (Cinnabar) : Hingula is used in various chemical processes and medicines. like other common minerals. According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya.? Hingula is of two kinds (1) sukatunda and (2) Namsapada Sukatunda is also called carmara. It is of inferior quality and Hamsapada is of best quality. Quick silver extracted from it is as efficacious as killed by sulphur. Hingula can be purified by giving 7 saturations with the juice of ginger or Badahala. If given saturation with the milk of she sheep (ewe) oramlavarge after heating it, its colour becomes golden colour or of the colour of best Kesar. . The process of producing Cinnabar. (1) Take mercury sr. and realgar i sr., melt lead and put powder of realgar into it, i.e. reduce them to paste. This is to be known from guruparampara; grind these three toge ther and fill the mixture into glass casket, put that casket into a yantra. Fill that yantra with sand particles, give it fire for 8 praharas. Make dipakaca (dipakagni), put the yantra on it. That is, cinnabar is produced. 3 (2) Take sulphur-5 srs., realgar 2 srs,, mercury-12 srs. Va. (va) shahi tolo, all these are to be given heat for 16 praharas. There will be hamsapakahimgalo (cinnabar)*. (3) Take finely pounded cinnabar pai. 1 and pai. 2. Make 2 crucibles by grinding lead finely; put cinnabar into that cruicble and close it. Make the ball of these (Vibhuti); put it into that. Make the ball of ashes of goat's dung melted, close the ball of vibhuti and give it fire for 2 praharas. White cinnabar is produced." (4) Combine cinnabar pai. 1-cinotni pai. 3, tabakhira (powder) cooked in water and milk or Indian arrowroot (curcum angustifoua) pai. 3 and Muragi chaleta. Cinnabar is produced. (5) Give 7 patas (roaslings) of lemon to mercury-1 sr. f sr., of sulphur and realagar ta 9 and get them dried up. Fill them into a casket (or bottle), give it fire. Cinnabar is produced. It is of 4 paktis (Pakascookings.)? 1. S.RSS., 9.15; III. 41; IX. 16; IX. 17; IX. 44. 2. RS., 3/147-154. 3. SRSS., Ch. 9.15. 4. SRSS., Ch. III. 41 5. SRSS., Ch. IX. 16 Sx. Notidentfied 6. Ibid., Ch. IX. 17 7. SRSS., IX. 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(6) Take pupalia lappacea (gaoari), its another name is kosiu, put sulphur into it. Cinnabar becomes best when the essence is put into it. It is said by Bhaktivijayal. Samudraphena? Samudraphena is used in medicine. It is a substance discharged from the womb of a kind of sea-crocodile called Agnijara and dried up; in the sun. It is stated in the Rasaratna Samuccaya that the womb of a kind of sea-crocodile comes to the shore, being carried by the waves of the sea and gets dried up. Its name is Agnijara or vahnijara. It is useful in killing (jarana) of mercury. It gets purified itself by the salt (Ksara) of the sea. For this reason the necessity of the process of its purification has not been considered.3 Sindura (Vermillion) Sindura is mentioned in various chemical processes as stated in the Suvarna Raupya Siddhi sastra. Accoording to the Rasaratna Sam'uccaya of Vagbhat, it is found like dry powder in small stores of the Himalayas, Vindhyas, etc; for this reason it is called girisindura. It is also useful in binding (fixing) mercury. Ratnas (gems) The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra mentions a few gems, such as, mauktika (pearl) (or moti) garuda", vajra (diamond) and Palevo Pasana a (a kind of stone) and camak pasanas (magnetic stone), etc. in connection with the chemical process to make gold, etc But no systematic list of the gems as presented in other Indian alchemical works is found in this work. The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Manikyadeva suri rather touches 1. Ibid., VII, 10. 2. SRSS., Ch. 12. 3. Mahagirisu calpiyah pasanaitahsthito rasah/Suskasonah sa nirdisto girisindarasamjnaya / Tridosasamanam bbedi rasabamdhanama grimam Rs. 3/145-146. 4. SRSS., Ch. 52 5. lbid., Ch. 11/2/22. 6. Ibid., Ch. 1, 9, 39. 7. Ibid., Ch. 15/2/13 8. Ibid., Ch. 3, 10. 9. E.g. Vajra (Rs. 1. 37) Vidruma (Coral) Rs. 1.47); garuda (Emarald) Rs. 1.47); Pusparajav pukharaja (Topaz) Nilam (Sapphire), Rs. 1.37. For Personal & Private Use Only

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upon many of the gems in connection with the preparation of some medicines and the chemical process. According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya, the gems also are regarded as agencies which help the fixation of mercury. Mauktika (Pearl) Mauktika is attractive, white, light, smooth ray-like, pure, large, toyaprabha, (having the ray of water) and round. This pearl of nine qualities has been regarded as auspicious and best. The pearl which is dry (rough), nirjala (waterless), blackish copperish, grey white like salt, half-white, curved or zigzag (vikat), knotty-associated with all these faults is the lowest type.? Garuda; or Panna (Emerald) The best emarald is that which is of green colour, heavy, smooth, of bright ray, glossy, shining and well round, having these 7 qualities. The emarald contrary to this is the lowest type which is of Kapil (red) blue, yellow, black, etc.-colours and rough, light, sticky, curved or of zigzag shape and rough. Vajra5 (Diamond) According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat, Vajra is of three kinds-Nara hira (male diamond). nari hira (female diamond) and napumsaka hira (neuter diamond). Amongst them male diamond is the 1. Rasaratna Samuccaya. 2. Hladi svetam laghusnighham rasmivanniramalam mahat/ Khyatam toyaprabham Vrttam mauktikam navadhasubham/ Ruksamgan nirjalam syavam tamrabham lavanopamam/ Ardha-subhrai ca vikacan granthilam mauktikam tyajet") Rs. 4/14, 16. 3. RSS. 1.9; 1.39. 4. Haridvarna - guru-snighdham sphuradrasmicayam subham/ Maslnam bhasuram tarksyam gatram saptagunam matam// Kapilam karkasam nilam pandu Krsnam malanvitam/Cipiram vikatam ruksam laghu tarksyam no samyate, Rs. 4/21-22. 5. SRSS 3.10, 3.40 (Vajra; this ulter is found, in SRSS, but its meaning appears to hard (like diamond). : For Personal & Private Use Only

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47 best of all and the neuter diamond is the lowest type. There are asras (angles) or 8 phalakas (faces) and 6 corners (Kona) in the male diamond. It is very powerful; it is like Indradhanusa (rainbow) or lotus and floats ater. It is sticky (cipata), round or oblong. The female diamond is round, having contracted angle, the heavy diamond-round, obtuse-angled is called the neuter one! The ash of diamond is useful in fixing or killing and in stimulating the qualities of mercury by combing it with mercuryo Diamond is purified by digesting it in the decoction of kulattha (Dolicos biforus) or of kodrava (paspalum scrobiculatum) for three hours, in a Dolikayantra.3 "Diamond is to be macerated four times in the blood of the bug and enclosed in a ball made of the flesh of the musk rat, and then to be roasted in a covered crucible thirty times, or to be heated, hundred times and; lunged in the decoction of kulattha."4 "Diamond is to be placed in a covered crucible the inside of which has been coated with realgar, rubbed with the decoction of Kulattha and the juice of Artocarpus lakoocha and roasted eight times in succession in the fire of dry cowdung, cakes. It is then heated hundred times and thrown into pure mercury-the diamond is thus killed and reduced to fine ashes." 1. Vajram ca trividham proktam naro nari napumsakam/Purvam purvamiha srestham rasaviryavipakatah/Astasramva' sackonam matibhasurm/ Ambudendradhanurvaritaram pusvajramucyate// Tadeva cipitakaram strivajram vartulayatam/Vartulam kunkhakonagram Kimcidaguru napumsakam//Rs. 4/27-29. 2. RS 4/33 3. RS 4/35 4. RS 4/36-37. 4. Ibid, 4/38-39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Lohani' (Metals) In the Suvarna Raupya Siddhi-Sastra six metals." are recognised at the outset, viz. (1) gold (Kancana", suvarna, pita, hataka and hema), silver taras, raupyam", sveta?, rajatall, copper (Tamra,)12 Tambul3, Sulva 13 * , Lead (sisa! 4 or naga16), Tin (Vangale) and iron 1? (loha). 1. SRSS., Ch., VI. 13 2. Ibid., See Ch., I. II. III, etc. and the foot note Nos. 3-17. 3. Ibid., Chs. 1, 4, 17, 21, 29, 32, 36, 41, 42, 43, 59, 4/2/42: 4. Ibid., Chs. 1.6, 33, 50, 58, 2.2, 3.3, 16, 5.2, 13, 30, 9.6, 14/2/4. 5. Ibid chs. 1.44, 2.1, 2, 4, 6. 8, 9, 10, 14, 3.1. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 37, 52, 53, 63, 75, 83, 86, 103, 105, 107, 109; 4.3, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 23, 25, 28, 5.3, 4. etc. . 6. Ibid. Chs. 3, 1, 5, 26, 9.43, 10, 56, 11.13, 11/2/11, 12, 18, 19, 13.7. 7. Ibid., Chs. 1.43, 52; 2.193, 3, 19, 20, 29, 33, 47, 60, 76, 4.12; 5.10, 13, 21, 22, 24, 30, 32,-6.9, 10, 14, 19, 21, 22, 26, 28, 7.11 etc. 8. Ibid., Chs. 1.10, 11, 21, 23, 27, 34, 43, 47, 49, 50, 42, 53X, 27, 10, 16. etc. 9. Ibid., Chs., (rupyam) 1.56; 2.4, 14, 3/1/14; 3.17, 23, 32; (raupyam) 3.34, 34; (Rupo) 3.39: (rupyam) 3.39. 10. Ibid; Chs. 2.16; 7.7. 11. Ibid., Chs, 2.12; 3.24, 69; 11/2/20; 14/2/19. 12. Ibid., Chs., 1.47; 2.1, 2, 7, 9, 10; 3.3, 6X (Tame) 3.20, 67, 68 73, etc. 13. Ibid., Trambu (Ch. 2.60), tambo Chs. 2.8; 3.1, 2. tamba (Ch. 3.6.) , etc. 13 X Ibid., Sulvam (Ch. 1.20, 46; 2.1, 15; 3.25, 35, 107, 5, 21; 6, 34; 7.7. 14. Ibid., Sisakam (Ch. 2.6), siso (Ch. 2.6), 3.3, 14, Sisa. (Ch. 2, 14, 15,), etc. 15. Naga. (Ch. 1.12, 21, 33, 36; Ch. 9.42, etc. 16. Vaga (Ch. 1.11, 19, 22, 48, 53, 55; 2.13, 15; 5.21, 27; 6.2; 6.9, ... 33, 37, etc. - 17. Loha (Chs. 1.16, 65, 3.37, 64. 69, 71; 5.10, etc. For Personal & Private Use Only

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49 If is interesting to note that there is mention of zinc (jasta or jasad)". Later on, eight kinds of metal are named by including two alloys brass (Prtal)and bell metal (Kamsa)", viz. iron, lead, tin, copper, bell metal, brass, silver, and gold. Both the words (Loha), and "Dhatu" have been used in the Jaina MSS. to denote metals. Metals have been used in various chemical processes and medicinal preparations. According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya, there are stated to be three kinds of metal, viz, (1) pure metal, which includes-gold, silver, copper and common iron. (2) putiloha-these are lead and tin (3) Misralauha (mixed metal) brass, bell-metal and vartta (bharat). The word, (loha) is derived from the conjugation luh, the meaning of which is to draw (attract), i.e. to throw out the defects (impurities) by drawing them out. Although the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra has not classified metal into the aforesaid three groups, neverthless, it includes all of them as eight kinds of metal as pointed out. METALS Savarna' (gold) In the SRSS there are stated to be two kinds of gold (1) natural and (2) artificial gold obtained by the transmutation of the baser metals10 in conjuction with mercury. 1. Ibid, Jasta (Chs. 3.1, 2, 3, 16; 3,24, 37, 39, 40, 70, 73; jasada (3.104, 1,07). 2. SRSS., Ch: VI. 13, "Lohanamani loha 1, naga 2, vamga 3, trato * 4. kamso 5, pitala 6, tara 7, hema 8. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid., Ch. 1.2; 2.1; 4.16; 5.1. 8. Suddham loham kanakarajatam bhanulohasmasaram. / Putiloham dvitayamuditam nagavambhidhanam | Misram loham tritayamuditam pittalam, Kamsyavartam II Dhaturlohe luha iti mahah, so' apyanekarthavaci 11 RS., Vagbhat. 5.1. 9. SRSS., Ch. II. 2, 4. 6, 8, 14; III, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 19, 20, 32, 36, 37, etc. 10. Ibid., Ch. 1.1: Ch. II. (Comm.) etc. See the section on the process of gold-making. For Personal & Private Use Only

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According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat, there are stated to be five kinds of gold, viz. (1) Praksit, (2) Sahaja (3) Agnisambhava (4) Khanija (gold produced in mine.) (5) Paradavedhajanya (gold obtained by the chemical process in conjuc tion with mercury)". That is, the first three are attributed to mythical * and celestial origin, and the fourth is begotten of mines and the fifth is obtained by the transmutation of the baser. metals in conjuction with mercury. ... The last two kinds of metal are mentioned in the Suvarna-RaupyaSiddhi-Sastra. Various chemical processes of making gold by the transmutation of the baser metals in conjunction mercury and medicinal preparations with it have been given in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. :: Gold is killed with the juice of red Sesbania glandiflora%. According to the Rasarnava, gold can be purified by saturation with the juice of citrus medica (bijore nibu), ksara (oxide) and salt for five days and by the application of putapaka.6 1. Prakrtam sahajam vahnisambhatam khanisambhavam | Rasendravedhasamjatam svarnam pamcavidham smrtam || Tatra tatragirinam hi jatam khanisu yad bhavet | Rasendravedhasambhutam tadvedhamudahrtam ll. RS., Vagbhat (512-8). The Rasarnava refers to three kinds of gold. viz, "rasajam, ksetrajam, lohasarikarajam Tatha 1. 1:1 Trividham jayate hemam caturtham no-palabhyati |1 , Rasarnava 71/99. 2. Ibid. 3. See the section on the gold-making process. 4. See the Section on medicines. 5. SRSS., Ch. 1.1, Ch. II. 1 (Common) 6. Mrttika matulungamlaih pancavasarabhavita | Sabhasmalavana hema sodhayet putapakatah 11 , Rasarnava (7/102) For Personal & Private Use Only

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The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat states that a gold leaf of the weight of one karsha is to be smeared with Saimndhava salt and placed between two' earthen saucers and heated on a charcoal fire for an hour and a half, when its true colour will come out. 1; li..." Gold can be reduced to ashes with the aid of the ashes of mercury, through the agency of the roots of plant, and with Sulphur. The first process is the best, the second medium and the third lowest or least.? Gold leaves, pierced with holes and coated with a pastle of lemon juice and the ashes of mercury and roasted ten times are thereby killed. 3 Raupyam (Silver) Rupyam or Raupyam (Silver) has been used in various chemical and medicinal processes as described in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra. Besides artificial Silver-making processes have been dealt with in this work. 4 The Rasarnava mentions two kinds of silver, viz. white and black. The one which is heavy, smooth, soft, and white is best.' The Rasaratna Samuccaya refers to three kinds of silver, viz. Sahaja, Khanija and kstrima, Sahaja is the best one, while kstrima is the lowest type. According to the Rasarnava, silver can be purified by melting it with lead and borax and quench it with the oil of jatamasi three times.? The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat describes the following processes for the purification of Siver. 2. SRSS., Ch. 7.8 . 1. Karsapramanam tu saravaruddham saddhatuyuktam / Angarasamstham praharardhamanam dhmatena tatsyannau purnavatanam /, RS. 5/12. 2. Lohanam maranah srestham sarvesam rasabhasmana / Mulibhirmadhyamam prahuh kanistham gamdhakadibhih II , RS., 5.1/13. 3. Kstva Kantakavedhyani svarnapatrani lepayet / " Lumgambabhasmasutena mriyate dasabhih putaih 11 , .. RS. 5/14. 4. See the section on the silver making process, 3rd. Ch. 5. Suklanca taraklsnanca dvividham rajatam priye / guru snigdham medu svetam taramuttamamisyate ll .. Rasarnava 7/103. 6. Sahajam khanisanjatam ca krtrimam trividham matam | Rajatan purvapurvam hi Svagunairuttarottaram Jl Rs. 5/21. 7. Nagena ksararajena dravitam suddhimicchati Taram trivaram niksiptam pisaci tailamadhyatah. Rasarnava 7/104. For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 : (1) Heat thin leaves of silver and quench them into oil butter-milk, cow's urine, kanji (sour rice water) and decoction of kutatthi (Dolichos), it will get purified. 1 (2) Melt gilver and put equal portion of lead and borax, and rub it, again heat it and quench it into the oil of Jyotismati (Malakamgani) three times. Silver will get purified by this process.? Arrange on an earthen dish a mixture of lime and ashes in a circular row and place in it silver with-its equal weight of lead. Now roast it over fire until the lead is consumed. Silver thus purified is to be used for medicinal purposes.3 . Silver can be reduced to ashes by the following processes : : (i) Rub mercury-ashes in the juice of Artocarpus lakoocha and smear silver leaf with it, make the leaf embedded in sulphur in a covered crucible and heat it over a sand bath by closing the joint of the crucible with cloth and clay, give intense fire to the crucible in a Valukayantra for eight praharas. On its getting cooled down, crush the leaves of silver to fine powder and put equal portion of pure orpiment, and rub it in the juice of lemon and then roast it in a gajaputa twelve times. By this process, Silver is reduced to ashes. (ii) Prepare silver ashes with golden pyrite. Rub the powder with the powder of golden pyrite in the juice of lemon and roast it in a gajaputagni thirty times. Silver will be reduced to ashes. 1. Taile takre gavam mutre hyaranale kulatthaje / . Kramannisecayettaptam drave tu saptadha // Svasnadilohapatranam suddhiresa prasasyate // RS. 5/29. 2. Nagena tamkanenaive vapitam suddhimicchati Taram trivaram niksiptam taile jyotismatibhavet || , RS. 5/31. 3. Kharpare bhasma cuonabhyam paritah palikam Caret. | Tatra Tupyam viniksipya Samasisassamanvitam / Jatasisaksayam yavad dhamet tavatpunah punah / Ittham samsodhitam rupyam Yojaniyam rasadisu 11, RS. 5/32-33. 4. RS. 5/34-35. 1. Maksikacurnalumgalma marditam putitam sanaih / Trimsadvarena tattaram bhasma sajjayatetaram || , RS. 5/36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(iii) Rub the powder of golden pyrite in the milk of thuhar (Euphorbia nivuila) and smear it (mixture) on the leaves of silver. Next roast them . in gajaputagni by closing them in a samputa. Silver gets reduced to ashes. 1 (iv) Take four parts of silver leaf and one part of pure orpiment, rub them with the juice of lemon and roast the mixture in a garbha-yantra in fire of 30 pieces of cowdung cake fourteen times by repeating the process. Thus silver is completely incinected," Tamra (Copper) The Suvrana Raupya Siddhi sastra mentions two kinds of copper, viz. Nepaltamra* (the Nepalese copper) and ordinary Indian copper besides, artificially or rather chemically made copper. The Nepalese copper is the best one (Ukkittham) - According to the Rasarnava, there are two kinds of copper-red and black. The one which can bear the stroke of the hammer is smooth, soft and having red leaf is the best one. In the Rasaratna Samuccaya also two kinds of copper are mentioned, viz. (1) Mleccha and Nepalaka, i.e. the one dug out of mines of other foreign countries other than Nepal and the Nepalese copper brought from Nepal. Between them the Nepalese copper is of superior quality.* Mleccha copper is that in which there are found 1. Bhavyam tapyam sunhi ksirastarapatrani lepayet/ Marayetputayogena nirutham jayate dhruvam || , RS. 5/37. 2. Tarapatram caturbhagam bhagaikam suddha tatakam / Mardya jambirajadravaistarapatrani lepayet // Rs. 5/38-39. 3. RSSS. Ch I. 25, 47, 61,11.11, III. 1,2, 4, 66 X, V. 30; IX. 4, 26, XIV. 2.67, etc., 4. Ukkitthm=Nepaladesodbhavam tamram, SRSS., Ch. II. (Comm.) 5. See the foot note no. I. : 6. SRSS., Ch. IV. 26. 7. Tbid., Ch- 1. 1, (Ukkitham). Ch. II. (Comm. 1.1) 8. Tamram ca dividham proktam raktam klsnam suresvari/ ghanaghatasaham snigdham raktapatram mtduttamam // Rasarnava 7/105. 9. Mleccham Nepalakam ceti tayor nepalakam varam / . Nepalalanyakhamyuttham mlecchamityabhidhiyate | | RS. 5/42. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Powe white, black and red tinges, which is hard and becomes blackish even on washing it well. The Nepalese copper is glossy, soft, red and does not break by the hit of a hammer. It is heavy in weight and its colour does not turn black. 1 The process of copper-making z The process of copper making is described in the Suvarna Raupya Siddhi sastra in the following manner. (1) Take a wing of peacock 10 Srs., put it into an earthen pot, next put teliu borax ta. 3 into it, cast the powder of the wing of the peacock * 5 srs, again inside over it. Heat the pot by litting fire. There comes up copper ta. 3 out of the powder of the wing of the peacock in the pot. If it does not become silver-like, take out copper by washing with borax.? (2) Wash the earth of earth worm and take out the stones. Next make powder of the wing of peacock by cutting it into pieces with a **scissor. Then put this powder into cowdung and get it dried up in the shade. Next put it into an earthen pot and seal it up, make fire, i.e. put it on fire. When the burning stops, take it out. On washing i ashes the stones come out. Mix up the stones of the previous earth, then heat them by putting them in a crucible. Next melt them. Copper comes up.8 (3) Put cinnabar ganavadi (pai)-4 bhar and oil janavadi 3 bhar into an earthen bowl. Put pieces of cinnabar and oil janayadi 3 into it and close it. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it, give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-3 srs. Do it thus 42 times. Take sutut tola-1 and sao (suto)=para ? (tola)-1 and next pranu tos. 1; put that sutu 3 by adjusting (Pressing). Mix longer pipper 10, semen of ox 10, cinnabar 5, realgar 5 and orpiment 5, into the juice of kakasi (Sisym brium irio linn) for 14 praharas. Next put the whole thing into a small box of zinc actually weighting pai. 4 and put 7 layers of cloth and put 7 layers' of cloth and clay over it. Dry it up on fire for 1 prahara. 1. Sitakrsnacchayamtivami Kathorakam / Ksalitam ca punah kssnametanmlicchakatamrakam / Susnigdham mrdulam sonam ghanaghataksanam guru / Nirvikaram gura srestham tamram Nepalamucyate 11, RS. 4/43-44 2. SRSS, Ch. III. 61, 3. Ibid. Ch. 4. 1. 25, . 4. Not identified. 5. Not identified. For Personal & Private Use Only

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53 On its getting cooled down, take it out. Crush it for 1 prahara, then melt pradupo * (pradepo) and put ha (taka ?) (gold ?) or ha (ritala=orpiment), grind both of them, mix them together, quench both of them in the juice of Dhakano-1 Sr. and pandu to. (ta) 1 by heating and heating them till there is rasa (juice or liquid). Next put rasa : 1/2 Sr. into an earthen bowl, put 1 layer of cloth and clay over it and heat it in fire for 4 praharas; good copper is produced from silver. 1 The process of purification of copper til (1) Fake grains (powder) of copper with the Persian vorek (borax). Make a hell into Biya, fill a paisa bhar of the juice of Horse Radish tree. There becomes white copper.? (2) Quench copper in the juice of the inner bark of the roof of Horse Radish tree. (Saraghuana). Next give it gajaputagni for four praharas by putting it into an earthen vessel. There will be best copper.3 (3) Make copper leaf heated and quench it into the horse's urine by making it redden (in fire) for 21 times. Next put it into chacht luna (a kind of salt) for 1 prahara and wash it. Thus put new and new chachi luna (i.e. repeat the process) for 21 days. Next rub it for seven days. Keep it by dipping it into the juice of ginger. Querch that copper by making it hot red in fire for 7 or 14 or 21 times. Thus know the process of making copper purified. * (4) If copper is smeared with mica, mercury borax, natron, the excreta' of pigeon and the milk of calotropis gigantea, its blackness is destroyed (removed) by one puta (roasting)". (5) Boil 5 Srs. of leaf of the five leaved chaste tree-vitex trifolia (Nigodi pana), turmeric-1 Sr. and water-8 srs. together-keep 1 sr. of the mixture. Keep by boiling them. Next heat the leaves of copper and purify them by quenching them into that water (essence) seven times. (6) Put tamarind into the milk of she-buffalo and make it loose (dhilusu), pour coppe-vala 7 into it or quench a copper leaf into it by making it heated in fire. There takes place the purification of copper.? X Not identified.. . .. 1. SRSS., Ch. 8, 34, 3. Ibid., Ch. 10. 74 4. SRSS., Ch. III. 66X 5. Ibid., Ch. IX. 50. 6. Ibid., Ch. 10.7. 7. SRSS., Ch. 12.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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so The process of killing copper . (1). The Nepalese copper is killed with the juice of capparis sepairaria., (2) Copper is to be killed with sulphur. Make it equal to cinnabar. The leaf of copper is to be smeared with the juice of citrus medica by rubbing it. The Rasarnava describes the process of the purification of copper in this way that it can be purified; it is put into the juice of Nirgundi by smearing it with the milk of Sehuda, salt, Ksara and amlas (acid). (1) According the Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat the powder of copper, .. yavaksara (a kind of oxide) and geru (red ochre) are to be rubbed together in the juice of lemon and melted on fire. Next it should be quenched into the butter water and the cowdung water seven times. In this way copper will be purified. 4 (2) Make a copper-leaf and rub it in the juice of lemon and smear Saindhav salt on it. Next heat it in fire and quench it in kanji (a kind of old sour water). Repeat the process eight times, copper will be purifeid.5 (3) Heat the copper-leaf and quench it into the juice of Nirgunqi eight times. It will get purificd. Incineration of Copper .(1) Rub pure mercury and pure sulphur in the juice of lemon by taking equal portion of each. Next smear the mixture on the leaf of copper . ca 1. Ibid., Ch. I.1. II. 1 2. Ibid., Dh. 1. 19... 3. Snuhyarkaksiralavana ksaramalaparilepitam | Tamrapatram nirgundi-rasamadhye tu dhalayet //, Rasarnava 7/106. 4. Tamram ksaramlasamyuktam dravitam dattagairikam / Pamcadosavinirmuktam bhasmayogyam hi jayate 1], RS. 5/49. 5. Tamranirmalapatrani liptva nimbhambusimduna / Dhatva Sauvirakasepadvisudhyatyastavaratah // Ibid. 5/50. 6. Niambbambupatuliptani tapitanastarakam 1 Vissudhyamtyarkaparram nirgundyarasamajjianat // Ibid. 5/51. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. . 57 and place it into a Saravasamputa and give it roasting in gajaputagni three times. Copper will get incinerate by this process.? (2) Cook the thin copper-leaf in the cow's urine for praharas. Next rub (grind) double quality of sulphur in the juice of Amlaparni and make pills of it. Then put the copper and make pills of it, Then put copperleaf into those pills in an earthen pot and close its mouth with a lid. Put a covering of cloth and clay over it and place it on the furnace. Heat it in fire for 1 prahara. By this process copper gets incinerated." Somanathi tamrabhasma (3) It is prepared with mercury, sulphur, orpiment, realagar and copper leaf. Make collyrium by crushing mercury sulphur, orpiment and realagar and put the copper leaf into this collyrium, heat it in a garbhayantra for one prahara, it will get incinerated. 3 The proeess of melting Copper. Burn the bone of the neck of a camel and mix its ash 1 masa into copper 1 sr., it melts quickly. Put the bone of kola (boar) (into copper), it melts quickly. * Put the tail of rat (into copper), it melts quickly; with Nakachikani (Centipeda orbicularis) like that and with kamtaser like that it melts. : 1. Jambirarasasampistarasagamdhakalepitam / Sulbapatram saravastham triputairyatipricatam / l, RS. 5/53. 2. Tamrapatrani suksmani gomutre pamcayamakam / Ksiptv rasena bhande tad-dvigunam dehi gamdhakam || : Amlaparni prapisyatha hyabhito dehi tamrakam / Samyangnirudhya bhande tamagnim valaya yamakam :/ Bhasmi bhavati tamram tadyathestam viniyojayet", RS. 5/56-57. 3. Sulbatulyena sutena balina tatsamena ca / Tadardhamsena takena silaya ca tadardhaya" Vidhaya kajjalim slaksnam bhinnakajjalasannbhavam / Yantradhayavinirdistagarbha / antroda.amtate | Kajjalan tamrapatraniparyayena viniksipet // prapacedyamaparyantam svamgasitam vicarnayaet" 1/ Dustam ca grahanim hared dhruvamidad $11Somanathabhidham. RS. 5/58-61, 4. SRSS., Ch. X. 33. 5. Ibid., X. 34. 6. Ibid., X. S4, For Personal & Private Use Only

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Loha! (iron) In the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra there is mention of Kantaloha? Cumbaka (loha ?)', Kharu lohat and tikho (loha ?) or Takho. . The Rasarnva mentions three kinds of iron, viz, Rohana, vajara, and capalalaya. The Rasaratna Sammuccaya also refers to three kinds of iron viz. Mundaloha Tiksnaloha and Kantaloha.? Munda is of three kinds, viz. mtdu (Soft), Kuntham and Kanaram. The one which gets easily melted by heat on fire does not break by the hitting (stroke) of a hammer and is glossy is colled soft iron, The iron which expands with difficulty when struck with a hammer is called hard iron. That iron which breaks up when struck with a hammer and has a black fracture is called Kandaraka, kandaraka or kandakaraka loha (brittle iron). Kanta Iron If the drop of oil does not spread out in the water of a vessel of kanta iron, the smell of Ferula asfotida is generated in its water, the juice of citrom (nimba) generates bitterness in itself, if put in that vesset. (If) milk is boiled in it, it becomes high like the shape of an umbrella, it does not go down (fall) to the gound. Kanta Iron is that which possesses these aforesaid Characteristics (marks), not any other kinds. Tiksna loha (Cast iron and Steel) is stated to be of six kinds, viz., (1) Kharatiksna loha, (2) Saratiksna loha, (3) Hennala tiksnaloha, (4) taravatta tiksnaloha; (5) Vajiratiksna loha and (6) Kalaloha. 1. SRSS., Ch. I. 16, 1. 55, III. 4; 37, 64, IV. 31, V. 10, VI. 13, VI. 37, 40, IX. 11, 53, X. 16, 57, XI. 67, 19, XIII./2/9. . 2. SRSS., Ch. 1. 1.56, (Kamtaloham). 3. Ibid., Ch. 1,55 (Cuntvaka). 4. Ibid., Ch, IX. 11. . 5. Ibid., Ch. VIII. 31, 34. . . 6. Ibid., Ch. IX. 39, 40, 41, 7. Rohanam vajaram caiva trtiyam capalalayam/ . Iti tiksnam tridha taccha kantaloha miti smrtam // Rasarnava 7.107. 8. Mundam liksnam ca kamtam 'ca triprakaramyah smttam, Rs. 5/67... . 9. Mrdu kuntham kadaram ca trividham mundameyate/ Drutadravamavisphotam cikkanas mtdu tacchubham/ Hatam yatprasared duhkhattatkunkham madhyam smrtam/ Yaddhatam bhujyate bhamge kisntkm syattatkanarakam", Rs. 5/68-Ji. 10. SRSS. Ch. I. 56. Kharam saram ca hmnatam ca tarvattam ca vajiram/ Kalalohabhi dhanam ca sadvidham liksnamucyate // Rs. 5/94, For Personal & Private Use Only

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Amongst them kharaloha is rough and free from hair-like lines and has a quick silver-like fracture and breaks when bent. Saraloha is that which presents a sharp edge and does not break when bent. It is produced in the mine of yellow soil. There is found curved lines in it." Hennaloha is that which is of mixed colour-black and yellow, in which there are marked curved lines like those of caacubija and which is hard to break. There are three categories of the lines (pogara) mentioned here-amga, shadow, and vamga, This pogar is shiny and breakable.3 Tron, whose pogara (lines of structure) is hard like diamond, glossy, associated with fine lines thick (condensed) and heavy whose colour is black is called vajira. Iron which is of blue and black tinge, heavy, glossy and associated with ray and whose edge does not break when struck with iron is called kalayasan. Kanta loha (magnetic iron) is of five kinds, viz, bhramaka, cumbaka, karsaka, dravaka and romakanta. Each of them has six divisionsekamukha (possessed of one face), dvimukha (two-faced), trikha (threefaeed), catur-mukha (four faced), pascamukha (five-faced) and sarvatomukha. (many-faced to attract iron). Further, there are three divisions of each of them according to the colour of each, viz., yellow, black and red. 1. Parusam Pogaronnuktam bhamge Paradavacchavil Namane bhamguram yattatkharalohmudahita'm// Ibid. 5-75. 2. Vegabhaniguradharam yatsaraloham tadiritam/ Pogarabhasakam pandubhumijam saramucyate// Ibid. 5/36. 3. Krsnapamduvpuscmcubijatulyorupogaram/ Chedane caliparusam hinnalamiti kathyate// Amgacchaya ca vamgam ca pogarasya bhidhatrayam/) Cikuram bhamgaram lohatpogan tatparam matam Jbid. 5/77-78. 4. Pogarairvairasa mkasaih suksma rekhaisca sandrakaih/ Nicitam syamalamgam ca vajiram tat prakirtitam || Rs. 5/79 5. Nilakrsnaprabham sandram masmam guru bhasuram/ Lohaghate, apyabhabhamgatmadharam Kalayasam matam/ Ibid. 5/80. 6. Bhramakam oumbhakam caiva karsakam dravakam tatha Euam caturvidham kantam romakantam ca Pamcamam/, Ibid. 5/83. For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 Amongst them yellow kantaloha makes other base metals converted into gold by its mere touch, black kantaloha is useful in rasakarma (Chemical action) and red kantaloha is best in fixing mercury. Bhramaka Kantaloha makes all kinds of iron move about. Cumbaka Kantaloha kisses iron, Karsaka kantaloha attracts iron, Dravaka kantaloha makes iron melt at once and Romakanta loha shoots forth harlike filaments when broken. Bharmaka kantaloha is inferior in quality, Cumbaka Kantaloha is medium in quality and Karsake is best, and Dravaka kantaloha is stated to be best of all. 2) From the point of view of faces, one-faced iron is inferior and gradually increasing and increasing; many-faced iron is the best of all. In the case of treatment Bhramakha and Cumbaka are useful, while karsaka loha and Dravaka loha are useful in the case of rasa (mercury or mineral) and rasayana (Chemical action). Kanta loha is beneficial in killing mercury, as ankusa (spike) useful in controlling an intoxicated elephant.1 The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra mentions the use of iron in various chemical processes. It is stated that iron can be produced artificially in the following manner. Melt Somal (Oxide of arsenic) masa 1, zinc-masa-1, borax-wasa-2 and copper-masa 4 in an open crucible. 1. Ekadvitricatuspamcasarvatomukhameva tat/ Pitam krsnam tatha raktam trivarnam syatprthkprthak/ Kramena devatastatatra brahmavisnu mahesvarah// Sparsavedhi bhavetpitam krsnam srestham rasayane/ Raktavamarn tatha capi rasabamdhi prasasyate// Bhramkam tu kanistham syaccumbakam madhyamam tatha/ Uttumam karsakam caiva dravakam cottam-ottamam/ Bhramayellohajatam yattatkamtam bhramakam matam/ Cumbayeccumbakam kantam karsayet Karsakm tatha/ saksad yad-dravayelloham tatkamtam dravakam bhavet/ Tad-romakantam sphutitadyato romod-gamo bhavet// Kanistham syadekamukham madhyam dvitrimukham bhavet/ Catuspamcamukham sresthamuttamam sarvatomukham/ Bhramakam cumbakam caiva vyadhinase prasasyate/ Rase rasayane caiva karsakam dravakam hitam// Madonmattagajah sutah kantamamkusamucyate// Ibid. 5/83-93. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Kharu (loha) dalam gets combined (with) them; (there becomes) saraloha, quench iron leaf in the excreta of a cock-vala 14 in a crucible in molasses-vala 14, and in Sal-ammoniac vala 14, Iron is produced if the leaf is put inside the mixture. 1 Steel (polad) is fixed in the juice of Amathi (Ipomoea sepiaria), the essence is produced. According to the Rasarnava, iron can be purified with the juice of gunaca, hamsapati, karanja, triphala, gopalaki, gorasana, tumburu' and (Nepali dhaniya). The Rasaratna Samuccaya describes differnt processes for the purification of iron. (1) Hezisor by smeaing it with the Bhoor vi mangdust Knargo'sa). . (2) Quench heated iron-leaf in the juice of Triphala. (3) and in the vilayana (bath) of salt, (4) Quench heated iron-leaf in the decoction of triphala boiled with the juice of leaves of tamarind or cow's urine. This work refers to about 14 process of incineration of iron. (1) Heat the filings of iron with clarified butter. Thus varitara bhasma (floating on water) of iron will be obtained. (2) Heat iron-leaf in fire, and quench it in the juice of ambala of triphala. (3) Heat iron with the collyrium of mercury and sulphur or cinnabar and quench it in the juice of kanji or lemon. The ashes obtained thus become of much red colour or of some what blackish colour.** 1. SRSS., Ch. 9.11. 2. Ibid., Ch. 5.2. 3. Gulaci hamsapadau ca navatmalah phalatrayam// gopalaki gorasana tumbururtohanighnakah/ Esam rase dhalayettat giridosanivsttaye || Rasarnava, 7/108-9. 4. Cimcapatrajalakvathadayo dosamudasyati/ yadva phalatrayayopetam gomutre Kvathitam ksanam /, Rs. 5/105-6.. 5. (a) Retitam ghetasamyuktam ksiptva'ayah kharpare pacet) Calayellohadandena yavat ksiptam imam dahet// Pistva pistva pacedevam pamcavaramatah param/. Dhatriphalarairyadva triphalakvatkhvathitodakaih/ Putellouham catui vaam bhaved-varitaram khalu // Rs. 5/106-108. (b) Tiksnalaubasya patrani nirdalani drahe anale) Dhmatva ksipejjale sadyah pasanolukhalodare// Kandayed dsdhanirghaih sthulaya Johaparaya/ Tanmadhyatsthulakhannani*ruddhva malladvyamtare// Dhmatva ksiptva jalle samyak purvavat Kandayet khalu/ Taccurnam sutagandhabhyam putedvimsativarakam// Pute pute vidhatavyam pesanam drdhavattaram/ Evam bhasmikstam lauham tattadrogesu Yojayet H Rs. 5/110-113. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of Dravana (melting of iron). There are four to five processes of Dravana. i 1. Give saturation to the ashes of bitter torai in cow's urine twenty one times and dry them up. Next melt iron in iron crucible and put that powder into it, there will take place dravana of iron. Another process is like this. Take equal portion of sulphur and kantaloha and grind them, next put the mixture over the heated iron, there will be loha-druti.' Vamga" (Tin) or Trapu or Kalali Vamya (tin) is useful for metallurgys and medicine . According to Rasaratna Samuccaya, there are two kinds of tin, viz, Khuraka and misraka. Between them khuraka has been regarded as best. Khuraka vamga (tin) is white, soft, cool (to the touch), readily fusible and bright; it does not clink when struck, and heavy. In misraka vamga there is a mixed colour of black and white (i. e. grey tin)" The Killing process of Tin Apply killed tin by taking equal portion of mercury and orpiment, This is Rajavatividya-which is not to be told by the father to the son. That is to say, it is said by the dispassionate; first in the process of killing tin, take mercury ta 5, orpiment ta. 5, borax ta. 3, well purified . . vitam/ 1. (a) Ttihsaptakstvo gomutre Jalinibhasmbhavitam/ Sosayettasya vatena Tiksnas musagatam dravet// Rs. 5/142. (b) Gamdhakam kantapasanam curnayitva samam sam'im/ Drute lohe prativapo deyo lohastakam dravet; Ibid. 5/145. 2. SRSS. 1.10, 12, 19, 22, 48, 53, II. 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, V. 21, 27, VI. 2, 9, 13, 33, 37, 37, VII. 12, 22, VIJI. 30, 32, 27, IX. 40, 48 IX. 40, 48, XI. 2.27, XIII. 2.13, 3. Jdid. Ch. 1.12, 12, 19, 22, 48, 53, 54, II. 8, 15, 4. Ibid. XIII. 13, etc. 5. Khurakam misrakam ceti divividham Vamgamucyate/ Khurakam tatra gunaih srestham misrakam na hitam matam// Dhavalam mudulasnigdham drutadravam sagauravam/ Nihsabdam khuravamgam syanmisrakasyamasubhrakam// Rs. 5/153-154. 6. SRSS., Ch. 1.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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realgar ta 3, (make) their finest powder, Take tin weighing 1/4 part of these medincines, make the leavs of tin, make them dry twice or thrice, place them into a Sarava-Samputa-one above another, put 3 layers of clay and cloth over it. Next it is to be heated (roasted) in gajaputa fire for two praharas. When it becomes cold it is to be taken out. Tin gets killed.? The Chemical process of making tin fixed. Make realgar fine, and rub it in a mortar with the juice of Sesbania glandiflora (Agastapuspi). Give putas (roastings) to tin infused with the juice of citrus medica and with the powder of purified realgar three times, It becomes gold-like or silver-like (Kaladhauti) ? That is 21 saturations (bhavanas) are to be given to the finely powdered and rubbed realgar by grinding with the juice of sesbania glandiflora. It is purified, next purifying tin with the juice of citrus medica twice, thrice, four times, and treatment of heat) melting good tin it is to be given prativaya with the powder of realgar three times. On the third time it is to be poured into oil, it fixes tin.3 Sisa or Sisaka or Naga (Lead)* According to the Rasarnava, lead is of one kind. It is readily fusible and very heavy and soft.6 "It presents a black and bright appearance on fracture. It ir of foetid odour, and black exterior.? The process of purification of lead. The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhisastra refers to some processes of purification of lead in the following manner. (1) Melt lead with Misari Sabu (a kind of soap), it removes dirt (blackness) of lead when put into the soap, go on putting it, lead becomes white. 1. Ibid., Ch. 2. 1.10, (Comm.) 2. SRSS., Ch. 1, 48. 3. Ibid., Ch. II. 1.48 (Comm.) 4. SRSS., Ch. II. 6, III. 3, 4, 105, IV. 4, 25, 30, V. 12, 24, 31, VI. 9, 13, (Naga), 14, 22, 38, VII. 17, 19, 24, VIII. 1, 27, 32, 33, IX. 8, 15, 42, 57, X. 63, XI. 38, XI. 2, 23, 39, XIII. 4, 12, 17, 5. Nagastvekavidho devi sighradravi medurguruh || Rasarnava. 7.10. 6. Ibid. 7. "Drutadravam mahabharam chede krsnasamujjvalam/ Putigamdham bahih kssnam suddham sisamato' anyatha", Rasaratna Samuccaya, 5/170. 8. SRSS., Ch. 9.57. For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 . (2) Fill all these articles-lead-1srs., black sesamum-14 srs., gola of Ingara (Balanites Aegyptiaca)-14 srs., ripe Aegale folia-1} srs., raw oil-11 srs., old kernal of cocoanut-1} srs., turmeric-14 srs., into an carthen bowl by grinding them all in a mortar. Mix Aconite ferox (Vacenaga) into the mixture of those articles, give vasanu (masala) under and over it, put a seal of chalk and salt into the mouth of the bowl. Dig and pit, measuring 1 yard in length, 1 yard in breadth and 1 yard in depth (gajapita) and fill it up with goat's dry dung cakes, put the samputa (covered bowl or lid) into it and give it fire for 11 days, white lead is produced. . Blackness of lead is extracted (removed) by pouring it into the juice of Ramalaksana Vanaspati (a species of plant) seven times.? According to the Rasarnava, lead can be purified by saturation with the bone and urine of elephant.3 The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhat describes the process of purifying lead in this way; put the powder of vitex-negundo, vitex agnus-castus and tumeric into the molten lead. till the powder gets burnt up. Next quench it (lead) thrice into the juice of the leaf of vitex negundo. By this process it will get purified. * Incineration of lead. "Take twenty palas of lead and apply heat to it, in a Bhrastrayantra (bhad) and drop into the molten metal one karsha of mercury and throw into it one after another the ashes of Terminalia arjuna, terminalia belerica. pomegranate and Achyranthes arpera weightng one pala each. The mass being vigorusly stirred with an iron spoon for twenty nights in succession, the metal is calcinated yielding a bright red ash.6 : 1. Ibid., 9. 9. 2. Ibid., 3.13. 3. Nago nagasthimutratah., Rasarnava. 7/112, 4. Sinduvarajatakauntiharidracurnakam ksipet/ Drute nage atha nigrhyastrivaram niksipedrase) Nagah suddho bhavedevam murcehasphotadinacaret/s/, Rs. 5/172. 5. Tiryagakaraculyam tu tiryagvaktram ghajam nyaset. Tam ca vaktram vina sarvam gopayedyatnato madaa. Bhastrayamtrabhidhe tasmin patre Sisam viniksipet / Palavimsatikam suddham adhstivranalam ksipet / Drute nage ksipet sutam suddham karsamitam subham | Gharsayitva ksipetksaramekaikam hi palam palam / Arjunasyaksavrksasya maharajagirerapi // Falinasya mayurasya ksiptva Knaram prthak prthak // Evam vimsatiratrani pacettivrena vahnina / Vighatayan detam dorbhyam lohadarvya prayatnatah || Raktam tajjayate bhasma kapotacchayameva va / Nagam dosavinirmuktam jayate atirasayanam || RS. 5 173-178. For Personal & Private Use Only

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65 "Leaves of lead are to be smeared with a paste of orpiment and the milky juice of calotropis gigantea and roasted in a covered crucible till the metal is entirely killed'.. Pitalo (Brass) Pital (brass) is one of the eight kinds of metal used in metallurgy. According to the Rasaratna Sammuccaya there are two kinds of pital (brass), viz. ritika and kakatundi. Brass which becomes red like copper by quenching it into Kanji (sour rice water), after heating it in fire is called ritika. Brass whose colour becomes black by the application of this process is called Kakatumdis. Purification of Brass Smear* p o. nalo 1 (part), sal-ammoniac-1 part and merdury-4 parts on the brass leaf and dry it up in fire. Thus do it (repeat the process) seven times. It removes the blackness of brass. Calcination of Pital (Brass) The Rasaratna Samuccaya describes the process of reducing brass to ashes in the following manner. Smear the thin leaf of brass with the mixture of sulphur and realgar by making it in the juice of lemon, and close it in a saravaputa (lid). Next heat it in a gajaputa fire. Brass will get reduced to ashes. Melting of Brass (Druti) Feed the powder (grains) of Ritika pital of golden colour to a young and healthy goat with its food-stuff. Next rub its dung with the medicines 1. Ibid. 5/184. 2. SRSS., Ch. III. 16, 52, 65, 86; IV. 4; V. 12, 22; VI, 10; VI. 13; X. 10, 30. 3. Ritika kakalumoi ca dvividham pittalam bhavet / Samtapya kamjike ksipta tamrabha ritika mata 11. Evam ya jayate krsna kakatumaiti sa mata, RS. 5/190-192. 4. not identified. 5. Po nalo 1-sveta hoi, harakoi, docae, Khadi navasara, / ra (ja) 4, patre kharadii agnau sekiin 1 imavara 7 kije Pital kalika kapen 1., SRSS Ch. 10, 10 Po Nalo is like harakoi while docae and calk. 6. Nimburasagilagamdhavestita putita astadha / Ritirayati bhasmatvam tato yojya yathayatham // Tamravanmaranam tasyah krtva sarvatra yojayet // RS. 5/198-199 For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 of Dravana varga and smear the inside of mineral calamine with it. On heating this calamine the best druti (melting stuff) of brass is found. Kamsgsa (Bronze or Bell-metal) Kamsa is one of the eight kinds of metal mentioned in the SuvarnaRaupya-Siddhi-Sastra. It is an alloy made by melting together eight parts of copper and two parts of tin. Bell-metal of Saurastra is regarded as best. Good bell metal is that which clinks sharp when struck, and is soft, cool, of mixed colour, of blackness and whiteness, pure and becomes red on giving heat. That bell-metal which is yellow becomes copper-coloured when heated, (which is) rough, breakable and whose ray shoots forth on rubbing. 3 Purification of Kamsya (Bell-metal) If it is quenched into the cow's urine by heating it well in fire, it becomes purified. 4 The process of calcination of Bell metal The Rasaratna Samuccaya of Vagbhata gives the two processes of calcination of bell metal. (a) Bell-metal can he killed with the help of sulphur and orpiment. Rub sulphur and orpiment in the juice of lemon and smear the leaf of bell-metal with the paste made in this way. Close the leaf in a saravasamputa and heat it in a gajaputa; give it five putas (roastings) in this way, there will be the ashes of bell-metal by this process. 1. Suvarna ratikacurnam bhaksitam vestitam punah / Chagena ksssavarnena mattena tarunena ca // Talliptam kharpare dagdham drutim muncati sobhanam // RS. 5/202-203. 2. SRSS. VI. 13. 3. Astabhagena tamrena dvibhagakhurakena ca 1 Vidrutena bhavet kamsyam Tatsaurastrabhavah subham 11 Tiksnasabdam mrdusnigdhamisacchyamala subhrakam Nirmalam daharaktam ca sodha kamsyam prasasyate / Tatpitam dahane tamram kharam ruksam ghanasaham | ,,Mardanadagatajyotih saptadha Kamsyamutssjet 11, RS. 5/204-206. 4. Taptam kamsyam gavam mutre vapitam parisudhyati, RS. 5/209. 5. Mriyate gandhalalabhyam niruttham pamcabhih putaih / , RS. 5/210. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(b) Give saturation to these ksaras and five salts with the juice of lemon seven times. Next smear the leaf of bell metal with this essence. Then put it into a saravasamputa and heat it in a gajaputagni. There will take place the calcination of bell-metal by this process repeated several times.1 67 Jasta (Zinc) Jasta or jasada (Zinc) has been mentioned in the Suvarna-RaupyaSiddhi-sastra in connection with some chemical process." 1. The process purification of jasta.:- Melt zinc 10 times in an iron cup and put it into oil. This is the process of purification of Zinc.3 2. Purify the leaf of zinc in the juice of Anacardium, next quench it in Goyala, in white oleander (Nerium odorum) in the urine of ass, in Euphantopsus Scaber (gobhi) in Auliphul, in the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (vajri) in Aloe vera and Nisa.* Some Chemical process by using Zinc. Melt zinc in a covered crucible and stir it up with a wooden stick. If the stick gets melted, killed or decayed, it will come into use. On putting zinc again there becomes jodo (soap) again. 2. Make a leaf of zinc pai. 1., grind (pound) cinnabar ma. 1, realgar ma. 2, kaneri-Somal (oxide of arsenic), orpiment ma. 2, tamarind 1 (ma), juice of Aloe veral 1 (ma) and juice of Elephantopsus scaber 1 (ma) and and close them into a copper samputa; heat it in the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-10 srs. and coal 3 srs. Rub realgar sr. in the essence of grapes and samdhava salt. (The Zinc plate will be purified if the essence is applied on it) 1. Triksaram pancalavanam, saptadha'amlena bhavayet/Kamsya' arakutapatrani tena kalkena lepayet/Ruddhya gajapute pakvam Suddhabhasmatvamapnuyat//, Rs. 5/211. 2. SRSS. Ch. III. 1, 2, 3, 3, 16, 24, 39, 40, 70, 73, (jasta); III, 104, 107, (Jasad). 3. Ibid. III. 73. 4. SRSS. III, 6 5. Ibid-III. 40 6. Ibid,, 11. 2. 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Killing of all metais Metal is killed with the oil of orpiment and ; pai of salt ammoniac, Put them into a bottle and place it in a Tikaliyantra, oil comes out. All metals get killed with orpiment and realgar. The process of making camphor 1. Mix phe, camphor and borax-ta 7 each, Fill them into ksinanna (sweet rice cooked with milk ?) and keep them there for 22 praharas. There will be comphor.? . 2. Scrape the nali (tube-wood) of bomboo, fill it into the womb of bulb (cepa) of a banana plant. Fill brarasa camphor (Borneo 'camphor) under and over it. and keep it in the sunshine for 2 ghaais (2x24 minutes by spreading it out). Barasa camphor is produced. 3 Second Section Apparatus (Yantra) The Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra refers to the construction of apparatus for brining about the chemical process. It is stated that mercury a pair of medicines, quantum of fire and earthen Pots (earthern) lidssaravai are necessary for bringing about the chemical process. Its author speaks of chemistry and metallurgy. (dhaovao) by covering the remaining demonstrations. This work makes mention of various types of apparatus for chemical action (rasakarma) in course of its discourse on different kinds of Chemical preparations, such as Dolikayantra.5 Valukayantra 6, Patalayantra.?, Damaruyantra Dalayantra". 1. SRSS, Ch. V. 1. 2. SRSS, Ch. XIII. 10 3. Ibid., XIII. 11. 4. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra, Ch. 1, 5. 5. Ibid. Ch. 3. 20, 3. 21, 3. 40, 3. 81; 3. 83, 4. 18; 4. 25; 5. 38; 6. 6; 6. 15, 7. 9, 7.28; 9. 14; 9. 25; 9,27; 10.1; 11.35; 11. 2, 26; 11.2, 32; 12.8; 13.24, 6. Ibid., Ch. 2.11, 3.3; 3.8; 5.3; 5,40; 6,29; 6.30; 6.31; 8.25; 29, 31, 32. 33; 9.45; 9.58; 10.11; 12. 26; 13. 16. 7. Ibid, Ch. 3.6; 4. 14; 5. 35; 7. 23; 10. 28; 11. 41; 12.9. . 8. Ibid. Ch. 9.56; 66; 11. 1. 6; 11. 2. 1; 12. 5. 9. Ibid; Ch. 4. 11, 6. 17x; 7. 15; 16; 8.11; 8. 12; 9, 40; 10. 22; 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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69 Kavaciyantra,' Sineyantra", Tikaliyantras, Sateyantra*, Bhubharayantra Nalaniyantra, Ghajhoyantra? Thaliyantra7x and some crucibles. But a detailed decription of their construction has not been given in this work as is found in other Indian works on Rasayanavidya such as Rasarnava, Rasaratna Samuccaya. etc. The above-mentioned apparatus are common to the list of Janina, Baudhha and Hindu alchemical works. Dolikayantra (The medicine)-Mercury, etc, tied in a piece of cloth is suspended with a thread from a rod placed across the mouth of a pot half-filled with liquid, (Ksara, amla, kanji etc.) The liquid is allowed to boil in the pot having its mouth closed (covered) with a layer of cloth and clay and the medicine is heated by its vapour as a result of gentle fire given under the pot. This is called Dolikayantra.? Veluyantra or Valuka or Velukayantra The process of construction of a Valukayantra is this that "A glass flask with a long neck containing mercurials is to be wrapped up with several folds of cloth smeared with clay and next it is to be dried in the sun. It is to be buried up to three fourths of its length in sand placed in an earthen pot, whilst another pot is to be placed invertedly over it", the 1. Ibid., Ch. 4. 1; 12. 3, 2. Ibid; Ch. 6. 31; 3. Ibid., Ch. 5. 1.: 4. Ibid., Ch. 4. 48. 5. Ibid., Ch. 11. 11. 6. Ibid., Ch. 5. 6, 7. Ibid., Ch. 3.84 7x. Ibid Ch. 3.66. 8. Ibid. Ch. (2. Comm.); Ch. 7.16; 11. 11. 1; 11. 2.35; 11. 2.36. 9. Dravadravyena bhandasya puritardhhodarasya ca. Mukhe tiryakkste bhande rasam Sutrena lambitam/ Tam Svedayet I talagatam Dolayantramiti Smstam//. Rasarnava, pata I, IV./7. Dravadravyena bhandasya puritardddhoda Kasya ca/ Mukhasyobhayato dvaradvayamkrtva prayatnatah// Tayostu niksipeddandam tanmadhye rasapotalim Badhya tu svedayedetaddolayantramiti smotam // , Rasaratna Samuccaya 9/3-4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 rims of both are to be luted with diclay. Heat is to be applied "till a straw placed on its top gets burnt. Patalayantra? In it one pot having holes in paindi is put over another pot. Having placed it into a pit, fire is given to it from above. Sulphur, orpiment, etc. are purified by this process by putting them into the pot. 3 Damaruyantra Put the mouth of an earthen pot upside down (inverted) on the mouth of another earthen pot. Close the joint in between them with the layer of clay and cloth. The shape of this apparatus becomes like that of Damaru. For this reason it is called Damaruyantra. It is useful in making ash of mercury." 1. "Jarayet balukayantre khoto bhavati tatksanat (12/19); Jarayet balukayantre bhavitam gamdham punah / (15-87) 2 Praguktabalukayantre tailam dattva vicaksanah / (16/81), Rasarnava Sarasam gudhavaktram madvastramgulaghanavstam / Sositam kacakalasin trsu bhagesu purayet // Bhande vitastigambhire valuka spratistha / Tadbhande purayet tabhirayabhiravagunthayet // Bhandavaktram manikaya sandhi limpenmsda pacet/ Cullyam trnasya cadahanmanikaprsthavartiinah 11. Etaddhi balukayamtram tadyantram (avanasrayam // , Rasaratna Samuccaya, 9/33-35. See History of Chemistry, p. 190. 2. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-sastra-Ch. 3. 6; 4. 14; 5.35; 7. 23; 10. 28; 11. 41; 12. 9.. 3. Grahyam tatphalatailam va ynatre patalsamjnake I Rasarnava. 12. 21. ; (kha) Palalayantre tattailam gphaiyat tamra bhajane, Ibid. 12. 59. 4. Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra. Ch. 9. 56; 9. 66; 11. 1.6; 11.21; 12. 5. 5. Yantrasthalupari sthalim myabiga datva nirundhayet/ Yantram damarukakhyam tadrasabhasmarte hitam/Rasaratna Samuccayam, Ch, 9. 54. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Jalayantra.1 The process of making Jalayantra Make a round earthen vessel by a potter, having 14 angulas (fingers, in height and 10 angulas (fingers) in circumference. It is called Jalayantra. Then cast the medicinal powder into that vessel that is Jalayantra. Next cover it up with an inverted (upside down) cup made of the Nepalese copper- ta. 7, till it covers the powder. Cover it up with an inverted (upside down) Sarava (lid), over it, (inside down) Sarava (lid) Cover it up with an earthen vessel. After that make a seal on all sides of the vessel, i.e. smearing is to be given to it. Then water is, to be filled. in on all sides of Jalayantra up to all the brims. Hold it thus. Again water is to be poured little by little. 71 Next Jalayantra is to be placed on the Kumalika furnace Fire of Khicadi is to be lit for 32 praharas. Then the pot of Jalayantra is to be taken out and placed on the ground. When Jalayantra gets cooled down, then it is to be opened up. The cup also becomes Astryo". Sulphur, etc. get combined with the cup. Then the cup is to be powdered by crushing it. Thus Astryasiddhi is accomplished." This Jalayantra is called Kacchapayantra in the Rasendra Cintamani, etc. 4 In the Rasaprakasa Sudhakara of Yasodhara the description of Jalayantra is given in detail in the following manner. Fill up 3 adhakas 1 of water into a round iron pot, then put mercury into an iron samputa (lid) and close it up firmly. Next place it into the water of the iron pot. Combine Bida (16 bhaga) and the essence of mica (64 bhaga) with mercury into the samputa. in proper dose. Close the joint of Sampura with clay churned, in water or vahnimitti (fire burnt soil) (which is prepared with chalk, salt kitta, etc. and is heat-bearing). Place Jalayantra on the oven and make it hot slowly by filling it with 1. Suvarna Raupya Siddhi-Sastra. Ch. 4. 11, 6.17, 7.15, 7.16, 8.11. 8.12 9.40, 10. 22, 3, 20. 22. 20. 23. 2. It could not be explained for want of commentary. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 23. 4. Vide. Pracina Bharat men, Rasayanka vikasa, Dr. Satyaprakasa p. 441. For Personal & Private Use Only

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72 hot water up to 1 days. On doing this, mercury takes up (assimilates) mica.1 Some processes as performed in Jalayantra Wash (purify) mercury ta 3 in the water of Triphla (amalaki= phyllanthus emblica, haritaki Terminalia Chebual and Vaheda=Semecarpus anacardium) and rub it in a mortar for 3 days. Next rub it with Saimdhava salt in the juice of citrus lemon for 3 days. Make a ball of mercury to. 1, amalsar sulphur to. 6, sal-ammoniac-to. 1 and killed white lead to. 1 with the juice of Aloe vera. Cast the whole thing into a Jalayantra and worship Ksetrapala. Then again worship Ksetrapala,, give it fire-high, medium and low. First give dipagni (fire of lamp) for 4 praharas, then dhanyagni (fire for boiling paddy) for 4 praharas, next bhatagni (fire for cooking rice) for 8 praharas, then bhatagni (fire of kiln) for 16 praharas, or give dhyanyagni to it for 16 praharas. Next the essence is accomplished. Mix rati of the essence into 1 tola of silver, copper and lead respectively also. This is Jalayantra. True". Rub Sulphur ta 9, Sal-ammoniac ta-1, mercury ta-2, realgar ta 2, and golden pyrite ta 2, thus ta 16 in all and fix them for 3 days. Rub them with Nagar beli (piper betel) in the juice of Aloe vera, give them 4 or 5 Saturations every day. By holding and holding the whole thing in the sunshine the Saturation is to be given to it. Thus it should be given for 3 days. Take out the powder from the mortar on the fourth day and put it into a Jalayantra according to the process by casting it into the same.3 1. Ato hi jalayantrasya laksanam kathyate maya / Suvrttam lohapatram ca jalam tatradhaka-trayam // Tanmadhye sudrdham samyak karttavyam lohasamputam / Lohasamputamadhye tu niksiptam suddhaparadam // Bidena sahitam caiva sodasamsena yantnatah. Catuh sastyamsakam cabhrasattvam Samputake tatha // Samputam mudrayetpascaddrdhaya toyamrtsnaya / Vahnimrttikaya vapi sandhirodham tu karayet // Cullyam nivesya tam yantram jalenosnena puritam / Kramadagnih prakartavyo divasardhakameva hi // Evam krte grasamanam bhaksayennatra Samsayah / Anenaiva prakarena sadgrasam bhaksayeddhruvam, Rasaprakasa sudhakara, Yasodhara, 1/69-74. 2. SRSS., Ch. 6. 17 X 3. Ibid., Ch. 10. 22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Besides these Yantras, there are references to Nalaniyantra, Kavaciyantra3, Sineyantra", Tikaliyantra", Sateyantra, jhajhoyantra?, and Bhubhara (dhara ?) Yantra. But no description on the process of their making has been given in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra." Nalaniyantra of this work may be identified with Nalikayantra of the Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vagbhata.' Mercury is filled up with proper medicine into an iron tube. By closing the mouth of the tube, it is put into a Lavanayantra. Again the mouth of Lavanayantra is closed by lid with a layer of cloth and clay and the whole thing is cooked inside. The name of the apparatus is called Nalikayantra. 10 The process of making glass Crucible and The SRSS. refers to two kinds of Musa, viz. Andha-musalx Udha musaly. (closed and open crucibles) 2. SRSS, Ch. 5. 6. 3. Ibid., Ch. 4.1; 12.3. 4. Ibid.,, Ch. 6. 31. 5. Ibid., Ch. 5.1. 6. Ibid., Ch. 4. 48. 7. Ibid., Ch. 3-81. 8. Ibid., Ch. 11. 11 9. Rasaratna Samuccaya, 9/40, 10. "Lohanalagatam sutam bhande lavanapurite / Niruddham vipacet pragvannalikayantramuritam || Rasaratnasamuccaya, 9/40. 1x. SRSS. 2.4; 2.9; 3.19; 3,40; 3.103; 4.14; 4.28; 7.23; 8.2; 9.55; 11/25; 11/36; 11. 2.4 XI. 2.5. ly. SRSS. Ch. 8.34; 9.11; 9.54; 11. 2.20; 3.85; 6.33; 7.12; 7.21; 8.3; 11. 2.2; 10. 47; 12. 28; 13. 14. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 (1)! Make first fine powder of glass bangle and make gund (gum) wet. Make the crucible by rubbing the glass powder with it (gund). Some Acaryas say, "make the crucible by rubbing the powder with honey instead of gund". Next put the medicines into it (crucible). This is the process of making a crucible of glass. (2) Crush magnetic stone, to fine pieces, crush it with human blood and put it into a Jalayantra. Give it a hard seal so that water does not break * (escape). Crush these five articles, viz. earth (soil), husk (fotra), prahina (not identified), chalk, ghike (not identified), sea-salt (Saindhava) and make a crucible by mixing them. It will be a hard crucible. (3) Make a crucible by grinding all these articles together--ash of fine coating of rice 2 (parts), chalk-1 (part), Katho (lime mixed with Khadir)-1 (part), ash of dry wild cow-dung cake 1 (part), salt 1 (part), Katali 1 (part), jhiko 1 (part) and clay of potter or make a crucible by grinding together salt 1 (part) and ash 3 or 7 parts.3 (4) Make a crucible out of ash of mukha-vastra (mouth-cover)-1 (part), ujalimati (bright soil) 1 (part) and glass-1 (part) in the milk of Nivadaga. Take gara 1 part (clay and cowdung), lime 1 (part), carbon of cloth (Vastra masi), 1 (part), varumati 1 (part)-a kind of soil (or clay) and make a crucible in milk. (5) Take Svetamati (white soil) part 1, lime, part 1 and flux part } and make a strong crucible (Vajramusa).5 (6) Take lime 1 (part), clay 1 (part), black katho 1 (part), ash of rice (Vrahi raksa) 1 (part), rust of iron (lohakata) 1 part and haritaki 1 (part) and make a strong crucible. There are two kinds of crucibleclosed crucible? and open crucible. - 1. SRSS:, Ch. 2. (Comm.) 2. SRSS., Ch. 7. 16. * Not identified. 3. SRSS. Ch. 11. 2.1. 4. SRSS., 11. 2. 35. 5. Ibid., Ch. 11. 2. 36. 6. Ibid. Ch. 11. 2. 36. 7. Ibid., Ch. 2.4, 9; 3.19. 40, 103; 4.19, 28; 7.23; 8.2; 9.55; 11.25; 11.36; 11. 2.4; 11. 2.5. 8. Ibid., Ch. 2,2; 2.3;22.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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75 Various processes of making crucibles are found in Rasarnava?, Rasasara of Govindacarya", Rasaprakasasudhakara", and Rasaratnasamuccaya. 1. Rasaranava; 4/35-45. Gara dagdha tusa dagdha valmikamsttika / Ciramangarakah Kittas Vajrenapi na bhidyate 11 Dagdhangarasya saabhaga bhageka Klsnamrttika/ Ciramangarakah Kittam Vajramusa prakirtita // Tusam Vastrasama dagdham mittika caturamsika / Kupipasanasamyukta varamusa prakirtita // Prakasaca' andhamusa ca musa tu dvividha smota / Prakasamusa devesi ! saravakarasamyuta || Dravyanirvahane sa ca vadikaih suprasasyate Andhamusa tu Karttavya gostanakarasannibha Pidhanakasamayukta Kincidunnatamastaka, Patralepe tatha range dvandvamelapake tatha Saiva cchidranvita manda gambhira saranocita // Tilabhasma dviramsam tu istakamsasamanvitam / Bhasmamusa tu vijneya tarasamsodhane hita || Mocaksarasya, bhagau dvau istakamsasamanvitau / Mrdbhagastarasuddhyarthamuttama varavarnini / Raktavargena sammisra raktavargaparipluta Raktavargakstalepa sarvasuddhisu sobhana, suklavargena sammisra suklavargaparipluta, Suklavargakntalepa suklasuddhisu Sobhana (4/35-45) // 2. Kaupena ca samayukta vajramusa ca kathyate 1 Dagdhattusattu bhagaikam mad-bhagadvayameva ca // Kurpena ca samayukta vajramusa ca kathyate // Kacacurnam ca bhagaikam samabhagam tu mrttika / Musabandhah prakarttavyo dhamanad-vajratam vrajet // 22/8-9. Rasasara, Govindacrays. 3. Yogamusa, garamusa, varaa usa; Varnamusa, rupyamusa, vinamusa, vajramusa, Vrntakamusa, gostanimamusa mallamusa and musalamusa, Rasaprakasasudhakara of Yasodhara, vide Piacina Bharatamen. Rasayana ka Vikasa, pp. 458 9. 4. Rasartna Samuccaya. 10/1-2; 1075; 10/6; 10/7-8; 10/9; 10/10-11;, 10/12-13; 10/14; 10/15; 10/16; 10/17; 10/18; 10/19-21; 10/23-24; 10/25; 10/26; 10/27; -10/28; 10/29; '10/30; 10/31; 10/22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 According to Rasarnava, Vajramusa (hard crucible) is made of burnt gara, husk, white ant- hill soil, cloth, charcoal and rust of iron by mixing them together. Vajramusa is made by the combination of burnt charcoal 6 parts, black soil 1 part, cloth, burning coal and iron rust. Musa made of equal portion of husk and cloth, burnt soil- 4 parts and stone at the bed of river (Kupi-pasana) is called varamusa. There are two kinds of musa (crucible), viz. prakasamusa and haramusa (open and closed crucibles). The open crucible is of the shape of lid (Sarava). There is a lid cover of high head by catching which it can be opened and closed. Musa having holes is good for patralepana smearing of leaf, colouring work, uniting joints, sarana, etc. Bhasamusa made by the combination of 2 parts of ash of Tilakastha (sesamum wood) and brick is useful for purification of silver. Musa made of 2 parts of Mocaksara, brick dust and clay is the best for the purification of silver. Musa made of raktavarga and paripluta and smeared with raktavarga is very good for the purification of all metals (things). In place of raktavarga if Suklavarga articles are applied for making Musa, it will be good for purification of Suklavarga (Silver, etc.) In Rasasara it is stated that Vajramusa is made by the combination of 1 part of iron rust, 2 parts of burnt husk, 3 parts of clay, and a little cotton. Or vajramusa can be made by combining iron-rust, burnt husk, powder of Sipi (Oyster shell ?) and stone lying on river bed of equal portion and clay equal to the same quantity. A strong Vajramusa is also made by combining clay of well or kernal of cocoanut and also by mixing glass powder and clay.? According to the Rasaratna Samuccaya, the other names of Musa (crucible) are Kravncika, Kumudi, Karahatika, pacani and Vahnimitra. It removes or destroys (mosana) the defects (impurities) of medicines; for this reason it is called Musa. Musa is made of clay and iron.3 1. Rasarnava 4/35-45, 2. Rasanara 22/8-9. 3. Musa hi krauncika prokta kumudi karahatika / Pacani Vahnimitra ca rasavadibhiriryate // Musnati dosanmusa ya sa museti nigadyate // - Upadanam bhavettasya mrttika lohameva ca / Rasaratna Samuccaya, 10/1-3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The act of closing the joints of the lid and crucible is called bandhana (binding), Sandhilepana (smcaring of joint), andhrana, randhrana, samslista and sandhibandhana.1 The process of making Crucible Clay or soil for making a crucible should be yellow and fine or sandy and red and of yellow colour. It can bear the heat of fire for ever and is the best. If such clay is not available, then white and-hill's soil or potter's clay should be taken for making it." Mix ash of husk of paddy, coal and horse-dung into this clay and make them properly, grind them properly with an iron rod. This clay is good for common crucible. The following things may be mixed for making a crucible, Viz. Svetasma (wite chalk), ash of burnt husk, coal, flux, powder of Khiparo (not identified), horse-dung, and rust of iron and black soil.3. In the Rasaratnasamuccaya there is mention of 17 kinds of crucible, viz. Vajramusa, Yogamusa, Vajradravani musa, garamusa, varamusa, varnamusa, raupyamusa, Vidamusa, another kind of vajradravari muas vrntaka musa, gostani musa, mallamusa, golamusa, mahamusa, mandukamusa and musalamusa. 77 Vajramusa It is made by the combination of 3 parts of clay, I part of flux, 1 part of horse dung, 1 part of ash of burnt husk, 1 part of white chalk and part of iron-dust after grinding them well. It is useful for the work of Satvapatana.1 1 1. Musapidhanayorbandhe bandham sandhilepanam / Andhranam randhranam caiva samslistam samdhibandhanam // Ibid. 10/5. 2. Mrttika pandurasthula sarkarasonapandura / Ciradhmanasaha sa hi musasathamatisasyate // Tadabhave ca valmiki kaulali va samiryate Ibid. 10/6. 3. Ya mrttikadagdhatusaih sanena sikhitrakairiva hayaladdina ca/ Lauhena dandena ca Kuttita ya sadharana syatkhalu musika the '// Svetasmanastusa dagdhah sikhitrah sanakarpare/ Laddhih Kittam Krsnamrtsna samyojya musikamrdi // Ibid. 10/7-8. 4. Mrdastribhagah sanaladdibhagau bhagascau nirdagdhatusopaladeh / Kittardhabhagam parikhandya vajramusam vidadhyata khalu sattvapate / Ibid., 10/9. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Yogamusa-It is made by the combination of burnt coal, burnt husk, black soil (or clay), soil of white ant's-hill and Bida after crushing or grinding them. The smearing of Bida is given inside and outside of it. Mercury purified in it is very beneficial. Vajradravani Musa :- It is made of sticky clay of pond or river, the essence of carth worm, flux, burnt husk of equal portion and clay of crucible equal to the quantity of all these articles, rubber with the milk of she-buffalo. Make the crucible according to the size of the apparatus in which it is to be placed. In this crucible even the hard substance like diamond gets melted. This crucible is often called Krauncika.? (4)Garamusa :- It is made by combining rust of iron-1 part, coal-1 part and gara-6 parts in black soil and rubbing them with the milk of she-buffalo. It does not melt even in heating it in fire for 2 praharas. 3 (5) Varamusa :-Take equal parts of these two things-vajrangara (charcoal of the wood of thuhara) and ash of husk and combine black soil four times more than that and gara (soil) of the same quantity with the mixture of the previous two, and make the crucible. It is called varamusa. It can bear fire for 1 prahara.4 hoide of the same quantity with 1. Dagdhangaratusopeta mrtsna valmikamrttika / Tadtad - bidasamayukla tadtad -bidavilepita || Taya ya vihita musa yogamuseti kathyate / Anaya sadhitah suto jayate gunavattarah // Ibid (10/10-11). 2. Garabhunagadhautabhyam sanirdagdhatusairapi/ . Samaih sama ca musa mrnmahisi dugdhamardita // Krauncika yantramatram hi bahudha Parikirttita / Taya viracita musa vajradravani Kocita 11, Ibid (10-/12-13) 3. Dughastasadgunagara kittargarasananvita/ Krsnamadbhih kstamusa garamusetyudahsta // Yamayugmaparidhmanatrasau daravati vahnina (10/14) 4. Vajrangaratusastulyastaccaturguna-mittika, / gara ca mrtikatulya sarvairetarvinirmita / * Varamuseti nirdista yamamagnim Saheta sa 11, (Ibid. 10/15) For Personal & Private Use Only

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: 79 6. Varnamusa : Rub red soil free from stone in the juice or decoction of medicines of raktavarga and make musa out of that, make the smearing of powder of virabahuti (not identified) over it. It is called varnamusa. It makes the colour of superior minerals, inferior minerals or rasa (minerals or mercury) deep intense) varnotkarsavidhayini.? 7. Raupyamusa :- Rub white soil free from stone in the juice of medicines of Svetavarga and make smearing of the powder of Virabahuti. from above (outside). It is called Raupya Musa. It comes into the use of increasing the white colour.? 8. Vidamusa : Make a crucible by combining other things with the soil of the land, in which such vida is born. On the smearing over that crucible with that vida, Vidamusa will be thus made.3 Vidamusa is used in the preparation of the essence (yoga) making the body firm like iron. (9) Vajradravana Krauncika (second) Musa : Take gara (garamitti= wet soil)-1 part, the essence of earthe worm-1 part, husk (ash of husk) -8 parts and clay just equal to the quantity of all and make a crucible by rubbing them all in the milk of she-buffalo, having that much size of an apparatus as to be kept in it and heated. Get this crucible dried up by making a smearing of the blood of lice. Again get it dried up by smearing it with the mixture of Sugandhabala, Nagaramotha and Akasabela.5 Thus the crucible called Vajradravana Krauncika is make. This crucible can bear fire for 4 praharas on account of its remaining filled up with the liquid. . 1. Pasanarahita rakta raktavarganusadhita 1 Msttaya sadhita musa ksitikhecaraleptia 11 Varnamuseti sa prokta varnotkarse niyujyate (10-16) 2. Pasanarahita sveta svetavarganusadhita 1 Mfttaya sadhita musa Ksitikhecaralepita 1 Raupyamuseti sa prokta svetavarnaya sasyate 1, Ibid, (10-17) 3. Tattadbhedamtdodbhuta tattadvidavilepita / Dehaloharthayogarham Vinamuse tyudahrta /, Ibid., 10/18. 4. Ibid. 5. Plants. 6. Garabhunagadhautabhyam tusampstasanena ca Samaih sama ca musa menmahisidughamardita / Krauncika yantramatre hi bahudha parikirttita Taya viracita musa lipta matkunasontaih // Balabdadhvanimulaisca vajradravanakrauncika / Sahate' agnim caturyamam dravena vyadhita sati ll, Ibid. 10/19-21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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80 10. Vrntaka Musa Make a crucible of the shape of a brinjal and put a tube of 12 fingers into its stomach (belly). It should be high like the flower of datura, well firmed and fitted. One hole should be made on the side of caude bhag (breadth part) of the crucible, having the length of 8 fingers; medicine is put through this hole and again the hole is closed. It is called Vrntakamusa, It is useful in extracting the essence of soft things like calomel (Kharpara, etc).1 11. Gostanimusa: This crucible is of the shape of udder of a cow and its lid (cover) is sikhayukta (large) from bottom and thin at the top. This crucible is used in melting the essence and purification. 2 12. Malla Musa: Make two cups (Malla) of clay. Put medicine into one and cover it with the other and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Then heat it on fire. This type of crucible made thus is called Malla Musa. It is useful for the svedana of rasas (medicines) like parpati etc.3 13. Pakvamusa: Make crucible equal to the (shape of) the pot of a potter and cook (heat) it in the furnace of the potter. This type of crucible is called Pakvamusa. It is useful in the cooking of the rasas (medicines) like potali etc.1 14. Golamusa: Make two round nirvakra sakore (pots) like that of mallamusa, Fill medicines fit for giving roasting into one and make a Samputa by joining in the two. This Samputa (lid) is just round and mouthless. It is called golamusa. This crucible purifies the immediate things." 1. Vrntakakaramusayam nalam dvadasakamgulam / Dhatturapuspavaccordhvam sudradham slistapuspavat // Astangulanca sacchidram sa syad vrntakamusika Anaya kharparadinam mrdunam sattvamaharet //, Ibid. (10/23-24) 2. Musa ya gostanakara sikhayuktapi dhanaka, Sattvanam dravane suddhau musa sa gostani bhavet /, Ibid. 10/25 3. Nirddista mallamusa ya malladvitayasamputat / parpatyadi rasadinam svedanaya praeirttita Ibid., 10/26. 4. Kulalabhandarupa ya drdha ca paripacita / Pakvamuseti sa prokta potalyadivipacane /, Ihid. 10/227. 5. Nirvakragolakakara putanadravyagarbhini / Golamuseti sa prokta sattvaram dravyasodhin, /, Ibid. 10/98. "" For Personal & Private Use Only

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15. Mahamusa : It is small or narrow (or thin) at the bottom like the shape of kurpara or kachue (tortoise) and it is broad gradually at the top and in the middle it is thick like a big brinjal. This Musa is used for melting the essence of iron and mica etc. and giving puta,' (roasting) 16. Mannukamusa : This crucible is of the shape of a frog, long at the bottom, broad and khokhali (empty ?) having the length of 6 fingers. It is to be burned in the earth by digging a pit (ditch) and puta (roasting) is given over it, i. e. fire is lit from above.? 17. Musalakhya Musa : This crucible is 8 fingers high, round and flat at the bottom. It is useful in binding mercury like wheel.3 18. Musa-apyayana : Put the crucible on fire for melting any metal by putting the thing into it, When that metal gets melted, then take it out from fire. The action of taking it out is called Msuapyayana. 1. Tale ya kurparakara kramadupari visteta / Sthulavsntakavaststhusa mahamuse tyasan smrta || Sa cayoabhrakasattvadeh putaya dravanaya ca" /, Ibid. 19/29. 2. Mandukakaramusa ya nimnatayamavistara / sadangulapramanena musa mannukasamghika // Bhumau nikhanya tam musam dadyat putamathopari 11, Ibid. 10/30. 3. Musa ya cipita mule vartula astamgulocchraya / Musa sa musalakhya syacsakri baddharase hita, Ibid. 10/30. 4. Drave dravibhavamukhe musaya dhmanayogatah / Ksanamuddharanam yattanmusa, apyayanamucyate ll, Ibid., 10/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Second Chapter Various Chemical Processes. First Section Mercury and Its Application in Chemical processes. It is stated in the Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi-Sastra that some rasa 1 (mercury) exists in the womb of mica (gagana), some rasa exists in the possession of Kamini (Murraya exotica), some rasa exists in stars and planets, some rasa exists in the words of the guru. The processes of making mercury Drench mica into water for 4 praharas, next take it out and make its layers separated. Make them fine by grinding. Then bind the whole thing in a wet cloth for an hour and keep it in the sun. Mix mercury into it, then put black tolaoi golo (a kind of molasses ?), make a fine hole under the jar, put a small pot underneath, place it on the furance, lit fire on the jar, then there comes up five coloured fiame, then mercury falls out of coloured mica. Thus is paradadruti of mica. Take out the juice of grapes, again take out its spirit (tejab), smear. the leaves of mica with that spirit. Tap the leaves of mica after their drying up. Mercury will come out. Thus tap them (repeat the process) 5 or 7 times by smearing and smearing. (The leaves of mica), mercury comes out of mica. This is called marvellous mercury. 3 Dip mica into the juice of kamta seliya (a kind of Vanaspati) and put it into a shieve (calani) and then put it in the Sunshine. Mercury comes out of it. 4 Put a handful of rice into a cocoanut having, water, grind it, mercury is produced. 1. SRSS., Ch. I. 30 2. SRSS. III. 27 3. Ibid., V. 37. 4. SRSS., Ch. VIII. 17. 5. Ibid., Ch. XIII 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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- 83 Burn a big oyster shell of pearl-1 sr. and grind it, pound it by rubbing. Next get it drenched into the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum and make tablets of it, put them into an earthen bowl. Make 5 holes at the bottom of the bowl. Later on, dig a pit measuring 14 yards deep, dig a small pit into it, do as such that a small pot (lota) of copper or a pan is fitted there. And put a cup of copper into that. Put the earthen bowl over it. Close the joint of the bowl and the cup. Next again close the middle part of the bowl with clay up to the mouth of the bowl. Put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it from the mouth to the middle portion of the bowl or vessel. Next give it fire of goat's dung for 12 praharas. Mercury comes up. Fill up water below (under) into the cup and the copper vessel. Mercury will come up into it. True.1 Rub mercury 21, oxide of arsenic (Somal Samkhiu) (a kind of oxide of arsenic)-2; and Salammoniac 5, with honey 5/16 sr. Glose the whole thing into a small box. Give it fire for four praharas. Mercury is produced. The process of purification of Mercury The impurity of fire in mercury is purified by Triphalas-amalaki (phyllanthus emblica), haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and Vaheda (Terminalia belerica). How ? Mercury becomes free from artificial defects, allowstin and lead by means of distillation.: . Fixation of Mercury * Rub mercury in the juice of Radha(ga)li, (a kind of Vanaspati) rub it in the juice of datura, next rub the oil of datura in the juice of Radhagali, fix it into a bottle for 15 days. Jalasi is of two kinds, one kind is like the leaf of Ocimum Album and Bhedi (White bassil) and the other is of thick leaf like pipali (piper longum). Know that Thoriya Saji goes. Know that it is born much in the swamps behind the temple of Hanuman (the monkey god) on the bank of the river. Mercury is fixed (in it)". 1. SRSS., Ch. XIII. 22. 2. SRSS., Ch. XIII. 2. 14 3. Ibid. Ch. II. (comm.) 4. SRSS., Ch. VIII. 27 5. Ibid., Ch. VI. 35. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Rub Kalicuno (lime) pai 10 and mercury pai 5 for 6 days. Next wash the same, * Luni will come out, take that. Next it remain in lime, blow that in Dolikayantra. It goes away and mercury becomes fixed. 1 Grind 'marnmata, homapa and gora-raka' ix in the juice of tambola (betel leaf) put fresh mica in between them, give a chipati (tip) of bark of the root of Echinops Echinata (utakata) and umtiu gamdhaka (a kind of sulphur). There remains the fire of thick grass for 12 praharas (i.e. give it fire for 12 praharas); quench lead 121 times in the urine of ass, its blackness goes away. Next rub molasses in the urine of ass 21 times. Rub suffron (Kesara) ta 1 and 2 lemons for 4 ghadis (4 x 24 minutes), smear the leaf of copper with it. Reduce it (Copper leaf) to ashes in a closed crucible. Keep it alive, (give it) tips of surakhara (a kind of oxide) pai 4, natron-masa 6, papadi (samcaro) masa 6 in an iron cup; mercury is fixed.' Put equal portions of the juice of Visakhapara (Pigweed) pamcamga (five parts of Visakhapara' [and white scented oleander) Dholi Kanera-pai 1, Sa, 4 20 bhar, mercury pai. 5 into a jar (gadua), put a seal to its mouth. Bury the jar into the earth. Keep its rim 2 fingers above the ground, fill up ash up to 4 angulas over it, give it fire of dry wild cowdung cake 1 up to 3 days. Mercury gets fixed, if you do it (repeat) the process for 7 days, it gets much fixed. Put casavista (excrea of casa (a-species of bird) to, (1a)-3 and mercury to (1a) into an earthen pot and close it up. Next put mercury into the earth pot, spit on it (mercury) by chewing Betel leaf (piper bettle). Go on putting the stool of Casa little by little. Mercury is fixed. Next apply (smear) white ash (or mercury) on the veins of piper bettle; it becomes red. This is the test. " Take mercury tola 1 and Bornco camphor, Sumatra camphor, (Bhimaseni Barasa) tola 1, make a hole into a green cocoanut existing on the tree and put first i tola of camphor, (next) put mercury tola 1, put X No clearly understood, it seems scum of them. 1. SRSS, Ch. IX. 37, 1X Not explainable without commentary. 2. SRSS., 9.55. 3. Flower, fruits, up to roots. 14. Sa-not clear. 5. SRSS., Ch. 10. 32. 6. SRSS, Ch. X. 37. For Personal & Private Use Only

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85 again tola of camphor on it and keep the things into it for six months. Keep it up and seal up the cocoaunt. There becomes pill (guti), rub it in the juice of Murraya exotic (Kamani), Ocimum Sanctum (Rama Tulsi) for 12 praharas. Rub it in Kacali with the butt of Neem. Mercury is fixed. Rub tin 1, mercury 1, Kayam Navasara (a kind of Salammoniac) and carbonate of potash=Potassiaum carbonus (javakhara) in the juice of the leaf of Aloe vera. Close up the mixture into a crucible having the shape of cow's udder (Gostana). Give it fire of coal, boil Candark (a kind of vanaspati (?), brinjal and seed to Balanites Aegyptica Syn B. Roxburghii, sulphur and cuu * (as), put the thing into a bottle. The process makes mercury fixed. It is experimented by Soni Devaji. It you dip the aforesaid things in the essence of Achyranthus aspera and rub and smear it to the plate and put it in the sunshine, oil comes out. Like this, make juice of the five parts of Aloe vera or make decoction of it and dip the powder of seeds of Jamalagota (a kind of vanaspati) into it by making its "powder and rub it. Oil comes out. Put the leaf of Guta into a bottle, place sulpher over it place it, layer by layer: Take the essence like cuya (drops), take the thing (artha), that thing will come into use, it fixes mercury, while iron gets killed by its use. ? Rub ta 5 of each of Achyranthus aspera (aghala) wedelia calendulacea (bhangra), black datura. Halulau (Myrobalan ?), Dhaholi (a kind of vanaspati) and mercury to. 3. Mercury is fixed. 3 Cook mercury in the juice of leaf of Hastikanda (Colceasia Indica); it gets fixed by this process. Rub mercury in green tobaco in a Kacala (a kind of pot). Mercury gets fixed. 5 Fixation of Mercury from Tridosas (three impurities) Dirt, fire and poison : It is fixed by the process of burning (heating) it in combination with thrce things-white mica, orpiment and silver. X Not identified. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 14. 2. SRSS., Ch, 11. 19. 3. SRSS., Ch. XI. 29. 4. Ibid., XI. 30x. 5. Ibid., XI, 33. 6. SRSS., Ch. II. For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 Rub mercury in the juice of the bark of Sohijana (Sobhanjana= Horse radish tree, Morigapterigo sperma) for 3 or 4 days. Then mercury will be black lump like collyrium; put it into an earthen pot, give it fire slowly and slowly as many times till the juice gets burnt up (dried up). That mercury will be grain-like; it will be butter-like at the time, i.e., smooth or soft like butter. Makhaniu parada is accomplished.1 Make Dhanyabhra of Svetabhraka (white mica), cook it by putting it into the juice (milk) of the ripe leaf of Kantali Thohara (Milk's Hedge= Euphorbia Trayogona). Put milk pai 4 and mercury ta 9, this much. There will be pill of mercury. True. If mercury pai 1 is rubbed (or reduced to paste) with these two-the juice of Utakata (Thistle Simhali pippali-Brahmadandi, pai 1 and that of the tubber (gatha) of green turmeric pai-1 bhar, there will be butter, i.e. it will be soft like butter.3 Take the powder of pure gajavela iron pai 4, put the juice of citrus medica-2 srs. into a glass-casket and a pot of Nimada (Neem), put the powder of iron into them and close the mouth. Stir it up for 4 or 5 days, again keep it, again stir it up for 4 or 5 days. In this way keep the same for 25 days. Iron, getting melted, becomes water Reduce mercury to paste with all these, after rubbing mercury becomes butter-like. True.* Take Harabasi-its name: [1] rice (cokha), [2] Shrebera Swietenioides (Nakhasi), [3] Rubia cordifolia (Majith), [4] Liquorice root-glycyrrhiza, (jethimadh) and [5] Rheum edoci (Revamcini). Crush these to fine particles and take equal portion of each of them. Put 1 masa of mercury under and 1 masa of it over in a Vajramusa (strong Crucible), Put two ratis of mercury with two masas of medicine thus prepared. Mercury swells; mercury should be seen dhedhiu x? But the Jina knows tattva (principle). Mix mercury with Ricinus communis and centipeda orbicularis (Erandi and Chikani). Mercury becomes butter-like.5 1. Ibid., Ch. III. 22. 2. Ibid., Ch. III. 55. 3. SRSS., Ch. III. 56. 4. SRSS., Ch. III. 64. X Not clear. 5. SRSS., Ch. VI. 18. For Personal & Private Use Only

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87 There is a creeper with three leaves, its leaf is at a distance of four fingers. Rub (mercury) into it. There will be gotika (pill or ball) (of mercury). Rub it like that in the juice of white Colocynth (Indrayani). for 14 days. Mercury becomes butter-like.1 Rub mercury tola 1 and the essence of mica tola1/2 in two juices-juice of Marahathi and Wedelia calendulacea (Bangra) and give the drops (tuya) to them for 1 prahara. The lump of mercury and mica becomes fireproved (bearing). Give laya (drop) of the juice of the inner bark of Salah: (a kind of Vaspati) to mercury for 1 prahara, rub it for 1 prahara, it becomes butterlike. : Give saturation to mercury ta 9 equally with Kahlara phudali (not identified) and Aloe vera (Kumars). Next put the juice of Rodanti 7 srs. (Rodanti is a kind of creeper) into an iron davada (pan); pour into mercury, heat it with fine (gentle) fire, go on putting juice, while getting it dried up. Make fire thus for 7 days. Bind (fix) mercury in a gathi (bundle) of piece of cloth. Put the gathadi (bundle) into the horse-dung 2 srs., put 2 srs. of horse-dung over it, spread out 4 srs, of dust over it. Keep it there for 2 or 4 days in that state and cover it up. That is, it gets bound (lumped). It is accomplished. The Second Process . Take about maund of leaves of Datura; make two divisions of one portion, dig a pit measuring 1 cubic yard, spread out some horse-dung 4 srs., put over it pan gotaka (a full leaf of Datura), put about 10 srs. of horse-dung over it, put mercury ta. 9 into it, put thakato golo (a kind of molasses ?) over it, put again 4 srs. of horse-dung over it. Cover it up with a layer of dust-2 fingers-thick over it, give fire on it for 4 or 5 days. That - is gotako is accomplished. Offer 4 sacrifices and bring down 4 ahutis (sacrificial offer), give ahutis (sacrificial offer) of clarified butter and sugar. Do not bring own sight over it. This the chemical gotako (pill). Melt or mix mercury ta 9 in the milk of Citrullus (Uttaravaruni) for 3 days, then fix it up, put it into an earthen postsherd and give fire under 1. Ibid., Ch. X. 55. 2. SRSS., Ch. X. 72. 3. Ibid., Ch. 73. 4. SRSS., Ch. II. 81. 5. SRSS., Ch. II. 82. For Personal & Private Use Only

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88: it. Put the milk of citrullus (Uttaravaruni) into it. Put a lamp below it by lighting its wick made of 14 strands of thread. Next stir up the gotaka (Pill). After the milk getting dried up, take it out, do it for 3 days. Next give saturation to it in the milk of the Banyan tree; put it into the mouth. of fire in an earthen potshered, do it for 3 days. Next bind it in a piece of thin cloth, give fire to it with 5 srs. of Citrus lemon, etc. in a Dolikayantra thus for 7 days, Thus give saturation to it in the juice of castor for 7 days, give pata (saturation or roasting ?) in the juice of Citrullus colocynthis for 7 days, patas in the juice of Tamarind for 7 days, in the juice of citrus medica for 7 days, in the juice of Bakayani (a kind of Limada Melia Azadirach) for 7 days, in the milk of phyllanthus niruri (Tadi) for 7 days and give mudra (seal) inside the fruit of Datura with) the juice of 15 citrus lemon by closing Datura, give pata (cover) layer of cloth and clay for 20 days. When Kaurisa (not clear) is not found, then do not leave the juice of citrus lemon. All these patas are to be given in a Dolikayantra on fire etc., Suryaputa (roasting in the sunshine) in the daytime, agniputa (roasting in fire) at night. Next if nothing is available, then rub it with spittle on palms and give puta of milk of Uttaravaruni (Citrullus Colocynthus), do not pour pani-pata (saturation with water), i. e. do not stop pata, but do not allow even a day to go in vain. Next put it into cooking paddy (rice). Do not put salt, kecp it into the same upto that time. Do not allow a woman to touch it. Next keep it into the mouth, keep it on a tree hanging for 15 days. Thus keeping many things, give pata of dews for 15, or 21 days, pata of fruits of Datura for 108 times. Keep it away from all these-oil of Ferula alliacea (Hingul,) Spilanthus oleracia (Peniroyal-Marahati) Alhaji Maurorum (Javaso) for 8 or 13 months. Then give pata, it is accomplished. Do not keep it starved for a day. Next make it drink milk, put it into 1 maunds of milk. That is, the the chemical essence is produced. Know it as accomplished gutiko.1 Rub mercury pai. 2 in the juice of Sarapumkha (purple tephrosia) pai. 15 for two days. The whole thing becomes like white butter. Take milk of she-camel, giving the first birth, before the suckling of her milk by the new born calf. Cook mercury pai 1 bhar and tin (Kathir) pai 1 bhar of each into that milk. If milk pai. 4 and mercury ta 9 are fermented, gotako (pill of mercury) is accomplished." Sulphur is fixed in 108 pieces of big ripe Euphorbia nivuia. Mix copper 1 tola with the essence 1 masa. Make it settle and mix sr. of the F 1. SRSS., Ch. III. 83. 2. SRSS,, Ch. III. 59. For Personal & Private Use Only

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juice of Aghada (Achyranthus), mercury-ta 5 and the juice of Neem 21sr. for 7 days, dry up the juice, give it heat of fire. Mercury becomes butter1 ke with fire. True. Triturate it in a red earthen Kunda (Vessel) and place it in a Kuba (shell). The pill of mereury thus gets segarated.1 89. The process of killing Mercury Mercury is killed (calcinated) with the juice of thorny apple (Dhatura)". Take one pala of milk of each of Ficus glomerata (odumbara), Calotropis gigantea, Ficus Bengalensis (Vata), lac-pala=1, magnetic iron-palas 4, when they are mixed together and cooked with the oil of linseed, their essence is helpful in killing mercury. It is called Madanamudra.3 Rub mercury with the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagarjuni) in a mortar for a day, put it on fire and reduce it to paste for 7 praharas in a mortar, go on putting juice, mercury gets killed.* Mercury rubbed with the juice of musket (moschusnahi), piper beetle (Nagalatika), water lily (Induvallabha), (Soymida febrifuga) and lotus (Dronapuspi) Kuba) heated or roasted gently one by one seven times, quickly attains the state of ash (i.e. gets killed). That is to say, give saturation to mercury with the juice of musket (Nahi). next give seven roastings (putas) with the juice of Nagarabeli (Piper beetle), then give seven putas to it with the juice of water lily, then give cuya (drop) of maund (10 srs) of the juice of Kuba (water lily=lotus). is calcinated (Bhasma) Mercury. Take the water of the medicinal plant-Dudhiu (glory lily=gloriosa superbia), it exists in the bed (shelter) of tank and river, its leaf is like that of ocimum sanctum (Tulasi). There exists baribotha (not identified) on it. But the smell of its leaf becomes like the smell of a dead body, if mercury is put (mixed) into its juice, but satguna-Sulphur gets assimilated (jarana), into it. It is a great art, crush it in the juice of seven-leaved thorny apple (Datura) for 1 day. Next give tuya (drops) to it in an earthen vessel. Silver gets settled, crush it in the juice of Evolvulus alsinodides Naga and Dhatura, give it tuya (drops). There becomes ash (of mercury ?)' 1. SRSS., Ch. VI. 27. 2. SRSS., Ch. I; Ch. II. (comm). 3. Ibid.. Ch. 1.55 4. SRSS, Ch. 4. 21. 5. Ibid., Ch. 1. 38. 6. SRSS., Ch. 2. 1. 38 (comm). 7. SRSS., Ch. II. 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 Crush out the juice of Sonchus aruenois (Vernonia cinerea Less (Sahadevi), clitoria tematea (girani=garani) and Evolvulus alsionoides (Kalaphul) and Eclipta alb (Bhangra) and give tuya to mercury with it, it becomes ash'. Rub mercury with barley, etc., next cook it with milk in Dolikayantra. It is to be burnt. Give tuya (drops) to panepo in the juice of Nanahino for 12 praharas, give it tuya in the juice of Kasendra3 like that. Give it tuya in the juice of bhasmasuta phudedi (a kind of Vanaspati), give it tuya in the juice of Udarakani (Ipomaea reniformis), give it tuya in the juice of best Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagarjuni-dudhi), give it cuya (drop) in the juice af Vanakhala, mercury is reduced to ashes. 4 Mercury becomes fixed by charapampoti (a kind of Vanaspati) for 7 days, it is killed with a little puta (roasting). Cook mercury in Garuda pamkhiu (not identified). If it is done 3 times, it is reduced to ashes.6 Rub mercury 1 sr. in _sr. of the juice of Achyran-thus aspera (aghada) for 1 prahara. Keep the essence in the sunshine for 3 praharas. Thus do it for 2 months. Mercury gets killed and incinerated.? Rub mercury tola 1 in the juice of Uttarayana tola 1 for 7 days, rub it in the Malakaamgani (Celastrus paniculata tree) tola 7 and in the juice of black datura tola 7 for 7 days, every day tola 1. Next put a cup of long gourd under Sarava (Kodiya), put a piece of Datura over it, close the sarava (lid) and give it fire for 4 praharas. If red colour is generated, (Mercury) dies. 9 Mix these three things- Kaginel (not identified) 1 sr., mercury 1 sr. and sulphur 13 srs. and put them into a Chinese cup. Cook them into an earthen vessel for cooking rice. Mercury becomes ashes (gets reduced to to ash) i, e. killed. 9 Put mercury pai. 2; into a zinc cup of pal 1. Next fill Sambhara luna (Salt of Sambhar lake) 3 srs into an earthen bowl, put the cup over that, fill it up with the juice of lemon, lit hathagni under it, give juice till mercury gets reduced to ash, put it into 1 tola (of copper). 10 1. SRSS., Ch., 6, 24 2. SRSS., Ch, 9. 14." 3. Cassia occidentalis. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 32. 5. SRSS., Ch. p. 34. 6. Ibid., Ch. 10. 65 7. Ibid. Ch. 10. 66 8. SRSS., Ch. XI. 20. 9. Ibid,, Ch. XI. 2. 7x 10. SRSS., Ch. XI. 2. 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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I g The Process of making Mercury fire-proved Take out the juice of the leaf of Castor 'plant, give taya (drops) to mercury with it for 21 days by putting mercury into an earthen vessel. Mercury becomes fire-proved. . ., Take a mortar and a pestle of black Alangium lamarkii. Rub mercury tola 10 in it (mortar) for 1 or 2 days. "Mercury becomes butter-like and fire-proved.' Some Chemical Processes of Mercury Mix 20 parts of Sulphur and 20 parts of Salammoniac-rasa (mineral) by consideration. The whole thing is to be put on fire for thirty praharas. Then there takes place the process of Rasa Sindura Samyoga (chemical coubination of minerals). The first letter is ka, the last letter is ka. Between them there lie two letters, i.e. Kuravaka (Berleria Cristata). Lead is killed with it, mercury is dried up. The people enjoy it by dividing. 4. . Take mercury ta 1, a fine strong (hard) piece of Cloth-1 cubit (in length); give 5 or 7 putas of dew-water to it. (Khara) makes it very hard, put mercury into the fold of the clothing by wrapping it. Next sew the cloth. Then put the cloth into a new earthen vessel, seal it up and keep the earthen vessel into the dust bin of the village for 2 or 3 months. The cloth, getting burnt, will be reduced to ash. That ash dries up (sucks) kathir (tin).5 . Take mercury, sulphur, Kaneriu realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic. Combine mercury ta. 8, sulphur ta 8, Kaneriu realgar ta 4, orpiment ta 2 and oxide of arsemic ta 1 and give 7 putas to the combined thing with the juice of small and large Euphorbia pilulifera; next give the combination 7 putas (roastings) with the leaf of aiper beetle. Next put lime (Katho cuno) into it and take out the juice, give it 7 putas of Datura, 7 putas of the juice of Ajhijhada;' * then 7 putas of Dolichondron falcata, 7 putas of peniroyal (Spilanthus oleracia), 7 putas of the juice of Hirabona 1 these putas.7 1. SRSS. Ch. III. 108. 2. Ibid., Ch. 5. 14. 3. SRSS., Ch. I. 31. 4. Ibid., Ch. 51. 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 2. 1x a kind of Vanaspali For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 Next again give it 7 putas of Ajhijhara, put it into a bottle and seal it up, put it into a Valukayantra, give it fire for 8 or 12 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. (It is accomplished).". Reduce mercury to paste tola 1. and sal-ammoniac-tola 1 into the juice of cyperus rotundus (gundi), then blow it up in a Naliniyantra three times, then take it out. The essence is completed. Give 1 masa of it into tin-tolas 3; mercury gets dried up. Purify mercury ta 3, bind over 2 thin roots of Alangium lamarkii, keep it into an earthen vessel, put mercury on it, give a seal into its mouth, give it fire of 1 prahara by putting a layer of cloth and clay over it. There become pills (gotikas) if it is crushed, it will be lime. It becomes like cow-dung, it does not fly.3 Crush the small fruits of Neem tree, rub or reduce mercury to paste in its oil in a mortar, give 21 putas to it, give tini bhar into it, make pill of them. True. 4 Give patas (roasting) to ash of mercury tola 1 and gum of Amjharu (not identified) tola 1 with codhari hadasamkali (dissus quadrangularis) for 7 days. Next give the combination 3 putas in the juice of the flower of of white sweet-scented oleander (Nerium odorum), get them dried up. Next close the thing into a bottle of glass-casket, give it fire of 50 wild dry cowdung cakes by putting it in a Velukayantra. It is said by Khambhati Ksatriya. (You) know that." Rub mercury ta 4 in the juice of datura (thorny apple) and in the juice of Aloe vera. Copper burns; there becomes pill of it. Next rub it in the oil of datura and keep it in oil, there becomes mouth. Put mercury tola-1 into an egg and close it up into the powder' of wheat (i. e. close the hole with the paste of powder of wheat). Next put 4 sts. of lime into an earthen bowl, put the egg in the middle and close it by keeping its mouth open. Fill it up with water. Place it on fire by litting it. Put again water by knowing when water becomes less, give it fire for 21 praharas. Gutika is produced, get it dried ud by putting it into milk. There becomes mouth in it.? NL 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 3. 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 6. 3. SRSS., Ch. 5. 8. 4. Ibid., Ch. 5. 11. 5. SRSS., Ch. 8. 25. 6. Ibid., Ch. 8. 26. 7. SRSS., Ch. 8. 28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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93 Rub mercury ta "5 in the juice of Sesbania glandiflora (Agastapuspa) for 7 days and in the juice of datura for 7 days respedtively. It becomes like thick paste. Put it in citrus lemon and close it. Place it into an iron pan in a Valukayantra by filling it under and over with sand, give it fire for 32 praharas. There becomes gotika (pill), it becomes hard. Next make a big hole into a green Butea frondosa and put it (gutika) into it and close the mouth. Put a cup of Silver into its mouth. Heat and melt it; fix the tablet (or ball), then put a layer of cloth and clay over it. There becomes mouth in it. (Take) mercury ga, (diyana) 2 and a piece of wood of Neem, a ripe green piece of wood, do not separate the branch from the plant '(tree). Make a hole into it, put that mercury into it. First put vermillion, next mercury, and close its mouth by putting a piece of seal into it. Give dry dung cake of she-buffalo. If the branch remains green, know that it is accomplished. If it gets dried up, there does not became mouth. Keep it there for 6 months.? Take both mercury. 1 and Samkhio Somala (Salammoniac) 1, in equal proportion. Rub them in the milk yf Euphorbia antiquorum, rub them in the milk of Calotropis gigantea. Give a pata (roasting) of Ricinus communis to them. Put the whole thing into a botile and make a strong seal of it. Give it fire for 4 praharas in a Valukayantra, give it mandagni (gentle fire) for 1 prahara and hathagni for 3 praharas. Take 3 Pa. de. po. 1 na (or )i). Next combine equally 2 srs. of powder of old Jowar and i sr. of salt, make 2 breads in the milk of calotropis gigantea, conceal or cover somala (oxide of arsenic) in one bread and put the second bread over it and close them. Fry them in the oil of Ricinus communis. On its becoming hard and red, take the thing out. Put tin ta2 and padu (not identified) gadiyana 2 into Nala 1 (Phragimites karka), make a hole into a lemon, put realgar inside it by cutting a piece from it and closing it (with that.) Cook it in the fire of straw of wheat. On its getting cooled down, iake the thing out. Do this 108 times of pradekha or 11, thus (not clear) (in the case of) of brinjal 100 times, (in the case) of branch of Euphorbia antiquorum 100 times, Just so is its quality. Take Vayukumbha (not identified) and lead in equal portion. Take green Vayukumbha (Careya arborea ?), wash blackness of lead with lemon by pouring it into its juice, next make a thin leaf of it. Put it inside Vayukumbha by taking out its kernel. Fill lead into it to that extent. Put 1. SRSS. Ch. 8. 29 2. SRSS., Ch. 8. 29x. 3. Not clear and explainable without Commentary. For Personal & Private Use Only

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a layer of cloth and clay over it and burn it in fire. On its getting cooled down, take the thing out... Take cinnamon bark (taja) pai 1, Alangium 1 amarku (Akalakaro), Rheum emodi (Revamcini) pai 1 and that of mercury. Make a cup of silver tola 1, put these things into it and crush it. Next drench (put) the wine of Muhuda (Bassia Latifolia)-5 srs. and the juice of lemon-5 srs. into the cup. Next, when Khicadi=mixture=(hotpotch) -100 srs. bubbles, put the whole thing into it. Then close the mouth and make a smearing over it." Wash mercury by mixing it into the juice of sweet citrus lemon, give drops (tuya) of the juice of Vagadana to sal-ammoniac. Give fire to the earthen pot by putting the whole thing into it. It becomes dhani (a stage of chemical action of mercury) by swelling. 3 Put mercury 1, Sulphur 1, and alum 1 into a bottle and give it fire for 4 praharas. It is best in taking. Combine mercury ta 1, semen of ox ta 3 and green vitriol or irani sulphate ta 6 into tin and rub them in the juice of Alhaji maurorum (Javasi) for 3 days. Smear two tin cups (trapu-vataki) of sr. make 3 Kharadas (?) smeared inside, get them dried up in the shade. Next give (put) a layer of cowdung and clay over them, heat (cook) them separately. There becomes powder. Next give 3 saturations of powder. Next put 1 bhar and fix mercury (?). Rub mercury in asam. avoke and Euphorbia pilulifera for 7 days in the juice of red branch of Achyranthus aspera. There becomes A, Kho, A Dam.Take mercury tai, skin (bark) of the horn of a sheep ta , hoof of a horse, tai, take tips of them only, put them into gajaveli (iron pot ?), it melts; iron pai 21, iron melts in Rasaga & copper, give mineral calamine pai. 1, molasses ta 9 under and over them, put a layer of cloth and clay over the bowl. Thus give it fire three times.? Grind killed mercury ta 1, borax 1, while glass ta 1, white Dhanyabhra, (mica) ta 1 in the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (vajir), rub Hamkhedi gandhaka (a kind of sulphur) .pai 4, pasa (paro=mercury) pai 4, and seed 1. SRSS, Ch. 8. 32. 2. Ibid., Ch. 8. 35. 3. SRSS, Ch. 8. 13. 4. Ibid., Ch. 8. 22. 5. SRSS., Ch. 8. 30. 6. Ibid., Ch. 9. 10. The meaning in not clear in the absence of a commentary. 7. SRSS.. Ch. 9. 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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95 of limboli (Neem) 1 sr. for 3 days. Put the whole thing into a fire-proof bottle and seal it up. Put a cork of Neem into its mouth and 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Heat it in a Damaruyantra by litting fire of 2 maunds of dry dung of he-goat. Furiher it is to be known from the guru. Rub mercury ta 21, tabaki orpiment, ta 21 and opium ta 27 with the juice of Solanum nigrum (Kacamaci) for one day. Next make their tablets. Smear an earthen vessel (bowl) from its middle (part) up to its bottom. Next put the tablets into that earthen vessel and close it with a new 'lid and seal it up. As said above, next fill up the vessel with sand, give it fire for 32 praharas. Feed a Brahmana when a Yantra is placed (on fire), feed a Brahmana when the Yantra , is taken out in the name of Hanumanta. Next on its getting cooled down, take out the essence. Put mercury pai 23 into a zinc cup of pai 5, bhar. Fill salt into an earthen bowl; next mix cinnabar 1, realgar 1, orpiment 1 and Somala (oxide of arsenic) 1 under (it) and put (give) the cup from above. . Give cuya (drops) of lemon, black Aloe vera and urine of ass till the the whole thing becomes limelike. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper, particularly give it ciya of lemon and Aloe vera.3 Give drops of the juice of five parts of raddish (Mula pamcanga) to tin for 25 praharas till it melts. Again give drops to zinc for 25 praharas till it melts. Again (if) you give drops (to copper) copper melts; it melts on fire for so many times. 1 rati of mercury pierces into copper 64% The Process of Making Parapani (Water of mercury) Make a little water of Sal-ammoniac ta 30. put mercury ta 10 into it and rub it. First keep separate a little water of sal-ammoniac, put that water little by little and rub it (mercury ?). When the whole thing is rubbed, put it into an earthen vessel, and a lid on it and wrap it up with a layer of cloth and clay over it. Place the vessel on the furnace (oven), make dipagni for 1 prahara. Again take it out. Put the whole thing into a mortar. Pour that preserved water of sal-ammoniac little by little and rub it again by the first method, put the whole thing into an earthen vessel and place it on fire, make dipagni for 1 prahara, Thus give it fire 23 times. Next put the whole thing into a glass-casket, spread out straw into an earthen vessel, put the casket into it and place it (Vessel) on the furnace, give fire below it till the thing of the casket becomes water. This is the process of making water of mercury.". 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 56. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 26. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 17. IX fiower, fruits, etc. up to roots. S 4. SRSS., 11. 7. 5. SRSS., Ch. 7. 27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 Second Section. Other Chemical Processes; The Process of Menamudra (making seal with Wax) Grind Barlaria Prionitis (Dilawali Kuranda) finely; filter it in a piece of cloth; rub it with varnish oil (rogan) for 2 or 3 days. Next put it into a thaliyantra. It is Menamudra (the process of making wax).? Crush all these-red lead or plumbum oxide (Sindur) pai 1, wax pai 1, iron dust pai 3, magnetic stone, (Camak pakhan)- pai 4, Katho (a mixture of lime and Khadir) pai, lime pai 1, lac pai-1 and natron' (pai-1) and filter them in a piece of cloth. Rub them with the oil of Anacardium for 3 days. Then there is accomplishment; it is true. It is written by Hitavijaya. Put together wax pai 2, magnetic stone pai 1 and mercury pai 1 ; in ilk of Aloe vera as much quantity as possible into the milk of Vata (Banyan tree) and combine them together; again put grains of iron (irondust); make them fine, combine them together. Put that much of the combination into the oil of linseed and grind it. Put approximately ta 3 or 4 of them. Next crush them with iron-hammer and combine the together. Menamudra (the process of treating wax is accomplished).3 Take lead sr., milk of Ficus glomerata (umbara) sr., milk of Banyan tree sr, milk of Calotropis gigantea } sr., leaf of Betula Utilista 5, Yogini ta 5, and Muyali ta 5. Boil Butea Utilis and Muyali (not identified) in sr. or water, next make them into pieces in a pot of bell-metal. Menamudra is accomplished. 4 Fry Kalicuno' oyster lime) ta 30 and Samkhanabhi ta 45 with linseed oil ta 75 and take them out and seal them up. Go on giving cuya (drops) to the powder of salt pai 2 with the juice of Anacardium for 3 or 7 days by crushing Khara (oxide). Menamudra is accomplished. Combine together these four things - magnetic stone } sr., particles (or grains) of iron ; sr., milk of gularc (Ficus glomerata) 1 sr. and wax sr. and grind them for 3 days. Next make pill (of them), put the pill into a earthen jar of water. Ferment the pill in it till it comes up in the water. Next give it fire. Then takes place the accomplishment of the process of Menamudra (seal of wax.) True. 1. SRSS,, Ch. 3. 66. 2. SRSS, Ch. 7. 13. 3. Ibid., Ch. 7. 14. 4. SRSS., Ch. 7. 17. 5. Ibid., Ch. 7 18. 6. SRSS., Ch. V. 44, For Personal & Private Use Only

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97 The mudra (seal) is to be placed over it (jar). Give fire to it for 14 praharas, on its getting cooled down, take it out. Thus is Bhasma-paradavidhi.4 Cast Wax (Baba Shahi) 40 into an iron pan, put oil 1 sr. and water 5 srs., give fire under it. As soon as wax settles down at the bottom of the pan, take it out. Remove the dirt struck up over the wax. Thus do it for 4 days. Next combine together wax ta 25, magnetic stone ta 25, milk of Banyan tree ta 25, Betula utilis (bhojapatra) ta 25, linseed oil ta 25, old iron ta 25, pure Katho (a kind of lime) mixed with Khadir ta 25 and crush (or goind) them till they become ripe (well-mixed). This is the process of wax? Combine all these together-milk of Banyan tree pai 2, milk of Calotropis gigantea pai 2, wax pai 2, Kapuri gula (a kind of molasses) pai 2, Bhaira gugula (Indian Bdellium) pai 2, white Katho (a kind of (lime) mixed with Khadir. pai 2, Kalicuno (a kind of lime made of oyster shell) pai 2, Makhapista (a kind of mineral) pai 2, Mastaki (Pistacia lientiscus) pai 2, hair of small calf of she-sheep (ewe) pai 2, Multani mati (earth or soil of Multan) pai 2, magnetic stone pai 2, and crush them into small pieces and bind them into the milk of Bhedala (sheep). Grind them for 10 days. As it becomes hard, so go on giving milk of she-sheep. Menamudra (seal of wax) is accomplished. 3 * Grind all these-vermillion pai 1, wax pai 1, grains of iron pai 2, magnetic stone pai 54, Katho-pai 1, Makhapista (a kind of mineral) (Makha's, powder) pai 1, lime pai 1, lac pai 1, natron pai 1, and filter them with a piece of cloth. Rub them with the juice of Anacardium. Then there becomes an accomplishment (of its making). Again pour wax 1 sr. into Samudravari (Sea water ?) by melting and melting it (wax). do it (repeat it) 125 times,' or in case of Madanamudra, pour it (wax) into the oil of Anacardium. 1. Idid. Ch. V. 45. 2. SRSS., Ch. V. 45 3. SRSS. Ch. X. 25 4. Ibid., XIT. 2-5 5. Ibid, 6. Ibid. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 Again Mudra : Pour pure wax into linseed oil 108 times, pour it into the oil of Anacardium 21-108 times; pour it into beda (egg) of Kukana (hen) 21 times and into Samudravari (sea water ?) 108 times. Smear the leaf of tin with the oil of Anacardium 108 times and make it into pieces for 8 praharas. It is vajramudra (hard or strong) seal.? Khabipo Khamina Mudraa : Take wax ta 9, lac ta 9, and Rala ta (kind of wax=resin) ta 9; make wax heated in a pot (lota), it becomes liquid. Next put lac, after it put rala (resin); next mix tne powder of Khadir la 9 (Acacia catechu) into an iron grinder. Next put magnetic stone ta 9, Mastaki ta 5 and Mudo pahana (Mudo 1x stone) ta 9. Mudra in the medicine of Menamudra Lit fire and put sulphur into an oil bottle in a Jalayantra, crush it in a mortar of iron having a big mouth for one day. Next seal up the bottle and put it into the Jalayantra. Mudra is accomplished. That medicine is to be kept by making Kundu (earthen jar) having the capacity of containing water, measuring about 5 srs. Such a light kundu is to be made. Put the whole thing into that. Crush 3 things into it by taya (drops), fill 5 (times ?), rub takho (iron or chilli ?) ta 3, lonas (salt ?) ta 3, and amalasara, gamdhaka (Sulphur) ta 3. in the juice of Marahatthi (Spilanthus oleracia) (ta) 1; next in the juice of Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) for 1 day; if wet (Chikani) is not available, bring dry one-1 sr. and boil it in 8 srs. of water and keep sr, rub the same in that for 4 praharas. Next make a lump (of them) and put it into Kantuya and allow an earthen lid (to be setlled over (it). Put it in such a way that it remains into the mouth of Kantuya 1 finger high above the mouth of Kantaya. Next give Menamudra (seal of wax). Close the border of the seal by the side of the brim of the seal in best possible way. Keep a hole into it in such a way by the side of the brim of the seal that a small mustard seed falls into it, pour cold water (into it) and take out hot watet for 8 1. SRSS,, Ch. XIII. 2,6" 1x. not clear, 2. SRSS. IX. 40x 3, Ibid., IX.40 y For Personal & Private Use Only

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* praharas, put cold water and go on taking out hot water from it. Give it fire for 8 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out.1 Put as many as pills of medicine like may (the size of phaseolus radiatus) and the nail (hoof) of horse masa 1. As previously done, give a seal to it (Samputa) Do such as Mudra lavana is.Heat it on fire for 1 prahara. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Pills are produced. Po. Khahi halo, 4x worship of Bhairava, sacrifiice, (take) vate balaka, mahuda, molasses, its dhana, (maka) recitation of Svasti, recite the mantra to make the grains of rice fly. put on light by making the wick of the lamp of ghee." Killing of Lead : Go on putting lead and leaf of Neem. Go on stirring them with the stick of Neem. Lead gets killed in an earthen vessel in a prahara and turns yellow. Next shieve it and rub it in the urine of a she-goat, which has not given birth to any kid, for 12 praharas. Take an earthen bowl which may contain Khicadi (mixture, Hotch-potch) of 1 sr., put tablets into that and close it with a lid, give it fire for 6 praharas. It becomes of vermillion colour. Next take it out and put mercury pai 1 into it. Chew ripe betel leaf and katho cuno (lime) together and go on spitting it, go on grinding it for 12 praharas. Next close it and give dipakagmi for 6 praharas. Close the bowl with a lid by covering it. Give (put) a lid into the mouth of the bowl. put (chalk), Katho cuno (lime) and molasses into its joint as said before, again seal it up with such mudra (devices of seal) by killing lead in the leaf of Neem. Next place it again in the juice of custcta reflexa (Amrtaveli).1 Close tin sr. and marking nut (Semecarpus anacardium) sr. in " to the horn of a buffalow. Put the thing into fire of 2 buckets of dry wild cowdung cakes. Om of 4 kinds. Make 1 rotalo (bread) of soft leaf of Saga (Indian teak tree), make two breads of Bassia Latifolia (Mahuda). Then make 3 pieces of bread in all. Next bring pure zinc, make bread by melting and purifying it. Next bring an earthen bowl, put the bread of Bassia Latifolia into, it, put the bread of leaf of Indian teak tree over it. Next put the leaf of zinc over 1x. Not explainaty without compmentary 1. SRSS., Ch, IX. 40y 2. SRSS., Ch. IX. 41X. 3. SRSS., Ch. IX 42; 4. SRSS., Ch. IX 42. For Personal & Private Use Only

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2 100 it, next put the bread of Bassia Latifolia into it. Put the bread of leaf of Indian teak tree over it. Next put the leaf of zinc over it next put the bread of Bassia latifolia over it. Then close the mouth of the earthen bowl and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Give it fire of dry wild cowdung, burn the clay-cover on fire. Fire is to be given for 8 praharas, put gold 12 into it. Give the second Pata (roasting). It becomes good.1 The process of Lime-making Take mercury ta 3, grind beetle (leaf) and arica nut (Supari) and lime together and extract the juice from them; it drinks milk for 1 prahara (i.e. drench the whole thing in milk). Next make samputa of the root of Amkola (Alangium lamarku-A. hexapellum); put mercury into it and seal up the Samputa (lid), give three layers of clay and cloth to it and put it on fire of dry owdung cakes for 4 ghadhis (24 x 4-96 minutes). On its getting cooled down, take it out. There will be lime." The seven processes of taking out the essence 1. Take out the essence of (metals and minerals) blowing dirt in a Damaruyantra. 2. Rub sulphur sr. in asava (essence) of grapes and take it out by blowing its dirt. 3. Rub Somala (oxide of arsenic) sr. and aramjoli erandi (Ricinus Communis) in the white portion of an egg of a hen and take out the essence by blowing dirt. 4. Take Samgharaph (Himgula) (cinnabar). Keep amla (phyllanthus emblica) by dipping it in the juice of lemon and rub Samgharaph in that water. Take out the essence by blowing dirt." 5. Rub golden pyrite sr. and borax sr. in honey, and clarified butter, next there does not remain jeharau of Bharata. Make construction of the whole thing and rub it, give coal into the mouth (of the oven). By doing thus, take out the thing of the botton portion. 6. Rub sal-ammoniac calotropis gigantea by blowing dirt. 7. Take out the essence Mulanaksatra. These are the seven processes of taking out the essence.* 1. SRSS., IX. 43. 2. SRSS., Ch. V. 7. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2.7 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2.7 sr. and lime of oyster shell sr. in the milk of sr. and cow's milk sr. and take out the essence of mica by blowing out dirt on the day of For Personal & Private Use Only

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1OI Some Chemical Processes Make kajjali (black sulphide of mercury or aethiop's mineral of mercury) ta 5 and sulphur ta.5 by rubbing them with the juice of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi) and rub them in the juice of Vitisakauntegyulari (Codhara hadasakali). Put the whole thing into a crucible and seal it up. Give it fire in a Valukayantra for 4 praharas-dipagni, madhuragni; Kalagni, and hathagni-thus (for) 5 praharas (with these five kinds of fire.respectively). Prane kha-basa, Rub the king of sulphur (or sulphur and mecrury ?) in the juice of variegated-coloured Kakaruda (a kind of vanaspati). Put zinc mixed with sambhara salt into a small copper box and wrap it up with iron and wire, and close it up, give it fire for four praharas. It is said by Mahadeva Majyo." Grind lime of oyster shell in the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia. Keep that powder dipped (immersed) in milk for 8 praharas. Next fill it into a horn of she-buffalo and close it up, put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dig a pit measuring up to the knee, put the horn into it, give it fire of 2 baskets of dry wild cowdung cakes; the thing (essence) is produced. 3 Cook Kamini (Nagachikani), Kanda (bud of garlic), juice of Jambira (citrus medica) orpiment in a Valukayantra. What the famine will do4 ?x . That is, gold or silver will be produced by this chemical process. Its meaning : Take orpiment sr. and mercury sr., purify mercury and make collyrium of both. Next rub it in the juice of Kamini-Nagachikani (Centipeda orbicularis) If green (Nagachikani) is not found take tth of that, rub it in that, next Kanda-it is (bud), bud of garlic, rub it in the juice of garlic fot 10 days. Next rub it in the juice of Jambira (citrus medica) for 10 days. Next dry it up and fill it into a bottle with open mouth, make it covered with a layer of wax and cloth, and put it into a Valukayantra, Cook it with fire for 12 praharas. Thus 3 and 7 bottles are to be turned over. That becomes successeful (accomplished), give only 1 dose of medicine measuring 1 masa of rice.5 1. SRSS., Ch. IX. 45 x. Not explainable in absence of a commentary. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2.24 3. Ibid., Ch, 12. 24 X. SRSS.. Ch. XIII. 2.16 (vesse) 4. SRSS., Ch. XIII. 2.16. 5. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 It makes a great benefit. Mix the essence-1 rati into 1 tola of silver, tin and copper1 respectively. It pierces them! i.e. gold is produced. Rub orpiment sr. in the juice of 33 lemons for 12 or 21 days, with the juice of onion for 1 day, and in the juice of Aloe vera for 1 day. Next dig a pit, put the pali (big pill) in an earthen bowl, make the pali light (thin), dry it up, put it inside and seal it up by giving (putting) a lid over it, place it into that pit and lit fire of dry cowdung cakes for prahra. Toladi of the above things is produced.2 Crush together these two-suro (Kharo) tola 1 and borax tola 1. Put the whole thing and 2 tolas of Sesamum oil into a new earthen bowl and give fire to it. After the brunging of oil, again crush them for the second time. Next make a good crucible. Then put medicine under and of it over it, give panitolunine x Next chew beetle leaf and spit on the midicine, then close the mouth of the crucible. Next give it fire-dhanyagni for 4 ghadis (24 x 4-96 minutes), it is produced.3 Clitoria ternatea of yellow flower (Visnukanta) is like (resembling) the leaf of cina (Bengal gram)-(chick pea), rub that with mercury. It gets fixed in seven days. Melt Hamkha (not identified) and give it (the water of) ash of gram (Khara) After the burning of that rasa, give it the juice of Buti (a vind of vanaspati). On the side put pura Masini (not identified) by rubbing it in the juice of citrus medica (Bijora). Its quality is just like that of Jalajambu.* Close red oxide of arsenic 1, borax 1, Kaneriu orpiment 1, mercury 1, sulphur double of it, into a dust bin (of the village) (where it will be some chemical production), keep it there for a month. Yogavidya is true Heat the pieces of sulphur in the light of a lamp by putting them into an iron cup, put a cup of sugar inside or an iron cup. Do it as such that it remains 1 finger high. Take the upper cup as bigger than the lower one. The half of sulphur comes out surely, dip (drench) iron into it for 2 days. Svetabhasma. (i.e. it turns into white ashes); it is beneficial, (when) mixed with the essence. True. 6 1. SRSS., Ch: XIII, 2.16 2. SRSS., Ch. IX. 31 x. Not explainable in the absence of commentary! 3. SRSS., Ch. 9. 36 4. SRSS., Ch. X. 31 5. Ibid., Ch. XII. 12 6. SRSS., Ch. 6. 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

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103 Make pill of Hamsapaka cinnabar ta. 5, sulphur ta. 5 and godanti orpiment ta 5 in the juice of Aloe vera and dry it up. Put it into a pot, close it and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Place it in a Valukay. antra and make workship. Give it fire for 5 praharas-first dipagni, second, -madhuragni. third-kalagni and fourth-hathagni like this, give it fire for 5 praharas and purify the content, give it fire for 3 days 8 times. Make thorn-piercing leaf of zinc. Give it 21 putas (roastings) in the milk of vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum) by heating and heating it and 21. putas in the milk of Calotropis gigantea. Put it into Bhua (not identified) and crush it. Next give it 7 putas in the milk of Aloe vera. Then make a ball of it, next put it into a crucible and give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next place it in a Valukayantra and make worship and give it fire for 5 praharas-madhuragni, kalagni, and hathagni. Then make offerings of grains, etc, sprinkle honey, next take it out. If it remains unaccomplished, again give it fire for 1 prahara. Pour Triyoni(not identified) ga. 1 into the dung of Pasahi buffalowvala twelve times. Make the leaf of zinc purified in green ajamo (Trachyspermum ammi svn (arum copticum or ptychlobis ajawan). Next bring milk of Calotropis gigantea 5 srs., combine five salts into it viz, saindhava lavana ta 4, samcala Salt ta 4; Kacalavana ta. 4. natron (Sarji) ta. 4 and sea-salt ta. 4, pound these as fine as possible and put them into an earthen bowl. Put inside it salt under and salt over the leaf. Fill milk of calotropis gigantea 5 sr. over that, put salt over that and close it by putting a lid over it; put the bowl into a pit and keep it there for 3 months by filling it up and it should be seen by taking it out. If it remains raw, again give milk of calotropis gigantea 2 srs. into it in a bowl, close it and place it into the earth for 3 days. Rub potash Rasa-vaala 10 (not identified) and tikho (Chili) ta. 5 in the juice of datura for 4 praharas and rub them in the juice of Nahi (Corallo carpus epigus); rub them in the juice of Spilanthus oleracia, (Maharatti)- sr. and put them into a crucible and put a layer of cloth and clay over it and heat it in fire for 8 praharas. The essence is accomplished.! Next pound takho (black pepper ?) to.-1 and Pamdu (not identified) to. 1 in the juice of Khapara (pigweed)=punanhava-(Boerhavia Diffusa) Make tablets of it and put them into an earthen bowl, give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Rub Hamkha po. 1 (not identified), mix Su (tu) 1, (not identified), zinc ta. 25, Khala (not identified) ta. 12 for 4 praharas by making a hole (Khacha (ja) (into the bowl). 1. SRSS., Ch. 8. 31 For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 Next give the whole thing 108 saturations of Aloe Vera. Then put realgar to. 1 into them and keep it steeped. Next make 2 open crucibles out of the excreta (earth) of earth-worms; give them fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-2 srs. Thus give them fire 108 times. Rub. Po (not identified) 1, pour milk of Euphorbia Antiquorum 41 srs., oil 4) srs. and juice of datura sr. into an iron pan and give the cake of udad (a kind of pulse) into them); give it fire of wood of calotropis gigantea for 4 praharas. Take it out in the morning. Keep it up to the evening, allow it (to) settle.' Combine together pure mercury and purified lead. Rub them with the juice of Udarakanni (Ipomaea reniformis) for 1 day. * Next rub them in the juice of Amaranthus (Tadalaja )=Tricolour var tristis) for 1 day, rub them with the juice of Rativoni for 1 day in the juice of Aradusa (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb) for 1 day. Next make the cake of Adad (a kind of pulse). Put mercury and yellow clay into that cake with the juice of datura and make a pill of both. Put killed lead and mercury into the pill, place that pill into an earthen vessel; fill the vessel with salt. Next give it fire for two praharas up to 5 days. Thus purify sulphur-double the quantity of mercury and lead, put the pill over it, put the leaf of Tamaridus Indica and give it a cover. Burn it for 2 praharas up to 5 days. That is, it is produced." Some medicinal processes : Accomplished by Chemical action. The wise grinds garlic 100 tolas finely and casts it into a small copper box on all sides. Put one piece of camphor (which weighs fourteen tolas) into the box and make copper leaf. Wrap over it a layer of cloth soaked (besmeared) with clay and next lit fire of the pieces of dry wild cowdung cake. When the fire becomes smokeless, put the box into the fire, cover it up on all sides, not less nor more. On the cooking down of fire, take out the thing by order (one by one) and put the same as previously done into the second box As only garlic burns without camphor, so give fire to it with care Intelligent ! Take out the unburnt garlic and use if (again) as done before. It is burnt, another garlic is to be taken here no doubt. Garlic is to be 1. SRSS. Ch. 8.34 2. SRSS., 7.24 3. SRSS., Ch. 14, W. 5.9. For Personal & Private Use Only

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105 placed first below, being placed into the box it gets cooked by forty putas (roastings). Getting itself melted, it becomes hard like diamond. If it is held on fire, it extinguishes fire instantly. Even camphor does not fly, this is its test? Chemical process for making medicine Pound lime of Oyster shell ta. 5, and mercury ta. 5, with the juice of, Aloe vera up to 1 prahara. Give it (combination) fire in a saravasamputa. Ash of mercury is thus killed. Eighty four vayus (gases) go away (i.e. get cured) if it is taken. In joints mercury becomes padya.* (?) It becomes vedhaka (piercing), Chemical processes for gold-making Kill mercury, sulphar, Kaneri realgar, orpiment oxide of arsenic (sasisomala) with the juice of Aristolochia bracteata, apply the essence. of silver, it becomes gold. It is said by vitaraga3 (dispassionate). That is, mix mercury ta. 2, realgar-Kaneriya ta. 4, orpiment ta, 2, oxide of arsenic ta. 1 together, give them seven putas (roastings) with the juice of small and large Euphorbia pililifera (Nagarjuni), give them seven putas with the juice of the leaf of piper beetle (Nagarveli), putting Kathacuna (lime mixed with Khadir) into it, take out the essence (rasa), give it 17 putas of the juicc of the leaf of Unmatta (datura), give it 7 putas (roastings) of Ajhijbara (a kind of vanaspati), give it 7 putas of the juice of hasini (Hellicterus, Isora), give it seven putas of Marahathi, give it 7 putas with Hiravanirui cotton of Hiravani (a kind of vanaspati). Again give it 7 putas with juice of Ajhijhara, seal it up by putting it, into a bottle. Then heat it into a Valukayantra with fire for 12 praharas. Take it out by making it completely cooled down. There is success. Thus Sri Siddhantopadesa-vyakhya-lesaithah.+ Other Chemical Processes .. Rub mercury ta. 3 or ta. 9 in the juice of Cymnema Sylvestro (Midhasingi) or Fogonici Arabica (Dhamasa) for 4 days. The pill (gutika) gets accomplished and bound. Next put it into the fruit of Datura and place 1. SRSS., Ch. 14, VV. 10-14, * Not explainable in the absenbe of commentary, 2. SRSS., Ch. 8.24. 3. SRSS., Ch. 1.50. 4. SRSS., Ch. 2.1 50. (Comm.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 it in Dolikayantra. It becomes hard. Put the juice of Cymnema sylvestro into the mouth and take out the juice by chewing it. Thus is the tradition. Make the thorn-piercing copper leaf, heat and quench it into salt and sal-ammoniac 5 times. (There will be gold ?)? Process of piercing the leaves of silver and copper. Melt lead ;sr. and give drops of urine of ass. 5 or 7 srs. over it. Next that lead becomes powder; it pierce's the leaves of silver and copper. Rub mercury ta 5 in the juice of Manikanarita (a kind of vanaspati) ta... 5 in the juice of phyllanthus niruri (Bhui avila) ta. 5, in the juice of poinciana elata (Samdesara) ta. 5, in the juice of Visakhapara (Horse purslane) ta. 5 and in the juice of Tribula Ter (gokharu) ta. 5 by crushing (them). Put the whole thing into a bottle in a Velukayantre and give it fire for two praharas. Close the mouth of the earthen vessel. This is a best combination 3 Fry or roast (Bhadatha) oxide of arsenic ta. 6 into three branches or Euphorbia nivuia of (or nerifolia). Give powder of wheat 21 times over it, give cowdung over it, put the standing branch into the fire. Place dry wild cowdung cakes on all sides. Like this turn it round. Next make ash of Keli (Musa sapientum) 5 srs. Make water of Khara (salt or ashes) and boil it. Pour it into an earthen vessel and put a piece of seal into its mouth. After that, place it into a Dolikayantra and (heat it) till the water of khara gets burnt (dried up). Next bring gudasarit of "Nalini of Chali, Make a hole into it and put oxide of arsenic into it, give powder of wheat and cowdung cakes on all sides. Next the essence is accomplished? Essence Make wet (drench) opium, copper, lead, orpiment ta. 2. sulphur 4 (ta), thutho (a kind of poison) ta. 4. and lime of oyster shell (Kalicuno)-ta. 6 in the milk of calotropis gigantea and close the crucible by putting them into it. Give it fire of 1 topali (basket) of dry wild cowdung cakes. 1. SRSS., Ch. III, 40. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3.73. 3. SRSS., Ch. 6.29. 4. Not yet identified 5. Not identified 6. , 7. SRSS.. Ch. V. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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On its beiug smookless, take it out. Give seven or twenty one putas to them, give it (mix it) into amalasar sulphur.1 Melt lohanarina (dust of iron ?) ga. 2 and mercury ga. 2 by putting them into an open crucible. There becomes the essence.2 Chemicals 107 Crush Agrai Bodara (Muradarasing) (a kind of common mineral)3 (ash of lead plumbum oxydum) and allow it to remain in the fermented juice (liquor) grapes for a day. Next give it fire, white Bodara is produced by rubbing.+ Copper Make big tablets by rubbing the wood of Neem 300 years old. Give paisa under and over them. (There will be) white copper, put white copper in the juice of narrow-leaved Sepistan (Cordia Rothii)." Essence Crush or reduce to paste the roof of Marahati (Spilanthus oleracia= marahati), with mercury and also in the juice of Thistle (Echinops echinata utakata) and crush also datura (thorny apple) masa 1 and Achyranthus aspera masa 1 in the juice of Euphorbia Pilufera (dudheli), in the juice of Hyosayanus. Niger? (kharasant), in the juice of plumbago and in the juice of aquatic Eclipta alba. The thing is produced in Jalayantra. Take mercury, sulphur, Kaneriu realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic combine mercury ta. 8, sulphur ta. 8, Kaneriu realgar ta. 4, orpiment ta. 2 and oxide of arsenic ta. 1 and give 7 putas to the combined thing with the juice of small and large Euphorbia pilulifera. Next give the combination 7 putas with the juice of leaf of piper beetle. Next put lime (kathocuno) into it and take out the juice; give it 7 putas of datura, (a kind of vanaspati) 7 putas of the juice of Ajhijhada, then 7 putas of Dolichondron falcata, (Medhasimgi) 7 putas of peniroyal (Spilanthus oleracia= Marahathi), 7 putas of the juice of Hiraboni (not identified) these putas-7. 1. SRSS., Ch. VI. 17 2. Ibid. Ch. VI. 21 3. It is yellow and of leafy structure and occurs in Gujarat and round about Abu. 4. SRSS., Ch. VII. 7 5. SRSS., Ch. VII. 7. 6. SRSS., Ch. 8. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only "i

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108 Next again give it 7 putas of Ajhijhada, put it into a bottle and seal it, up, give it fire in a Velukayantra for 12 praharas. Take it out after cooking:1 "Rub mercury in asani avoken and Euphorbia pilulifera for 7 days in the juice of red branch of Achyaranthus aspera. becomes A. Kho. A. Dam. There Chemical Process Make fire of bark (Chala) of branch (sakha)-5 srs, crush datura 1, garlic 1, onion 1, ginger 1, Balanites roxburghii (imgoru), lead, Anacardium and, oleander (kanera); crush (Cinnabar) in the cuya (drops) of these, next put it on fire. It becomes (ready). True.3 Chemicals Heat (or burn) mercury srs. in Jhika* (not identified) for 1 prahara, and in the powder of turmeric for 1 prahara and in Aloe vera for 1 prahara.- Next take it out by washing. Then rub it in the juice of Kumiliy - red Vadavai (Ficus Bengalensis) 5 srs. for 7 days by taking out its juice. Next cut it (Vadavat into pieces). (Take) 2 or 3 srs of it and pound it, place it into an earthen" bowl. Put a piece of cloth over it, cover up Vadavai and close it; give fire to the earthen bowl for 4 praharas. Take it out on its getting cooled down. Next boil the tender leaf (or leaves) of Kakasi (Sisymbrium irio linn) in a little water and crush it and take out its juice, grind and rub that mixture in that rasa as said before; give it fire for 4 praharas. The process is accomplished. It is a great success. It is (the grace) of god. Take Vadavai of 4 fingers in length, it is red. Chemicals Rub Khahipo (not identified) 1. and crush green podonae a viscosa (Nils Bamdali), and make lump. Crush orpiment ta 2. and tavakhira (Curcums anguti) ta 2 into that and boil the whole thing by giving less 1. SRSS., 2.11. 2. SRSS., Ch. 9.10. 3. SRSS., Ch. 9.11. ; 1X Not identified. It is not explainable in the absence of commentary. X. It may be a kind of plant : Y. A kind of plant, not identified. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 19. For Personal & Private Use Only

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water (or a little hard grains of rice) for 2 ghadis (24 x 2=48 minutes). Next that rasa gets melted.1 Take Somalakhara (ash or oxide of arsenic) and pure sabu (soap ?). Take milk of calotropis gigantea 1 srs. and 2 srs. respectively and rub them with it. Next make pills of them and put them into a crucible, put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next give it fire in a Velukayantra for 5 praharas methodically. Take out the whole thing and worship it." Pra. dekh. havazl 10. Give conch-shell to mercury by baking it, give it to oxide of arsenic by killing mercury. Good alum is given puta in milk, mix. 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of lead. (the process may lead to the making of silver ?) 3 109 Grind Cinnabar pa. 1 in the juice of Aloe vera and give Bishops weed (Trachy spermum ammi syn. carum copticum (ajamo) under and over it. Thus give it fire 3 times, reduce mercury to paste in borax, give it dipagni 3 times. Next on grinding these three, pound them in the juice of Mesuna ferra (Kesudi). Make two tablets of them. Put inside silver and copper plates and give the gum (gund) of Butea frondosa (Khakhar) over and under them, heat the whole thing in an open crucible." Take seeds of Timiri Uttaranajyoti pai, 4 or 8 and Sulphur pai 4, heat them in a Damaru yantra. True." Take the essence of grapes sr. Keep the thing (lead) drenched into it for 3 days. Grind it and next take it out by washing; white lead comes out. It is said by patraghada. It is fire-proved." Grind Somala (oxide of arsenic) sr. with cow's milk-1 sr. Mix by drops and next bind it. Next grind it (Somala) in sr. of milk and remove its dirt. Take it out by washing. There remains the butter of sal 1. SRSS., Ch. x. 40 2. SRSS, Ch. IX. 46 3. SRSS., Ch. 9.50 zx. Not explainable in the absence of a commentary. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 52. 5. SRSS., Ch. 9. 54. 6. SRSS., Ch, IX. 66. 7. Ibid., Ch. IV. 67. For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 ammoniac at the bottom like silver. Grind it with Aloe Vera and cook it in a Veluyantra by putting it into a bottle on fire for 12praharas. Give Castor, datavehara (not identified) sulphur, khadadu gandho, berajo (not identified) (rice) mastaki (cyperus rotundus) and Vamkhe (not identified) to Divapad.' (not identified) Grind Cinnabar in the juice of Muka (a kind of plant) for two days, in the juice of Saresara (a kind of plant) for two days and in the juice of Aloe Vera for two days. Make tablets of it. Dry them up in the shade. Close them up by putting Indrajava (Kurchi, Conessei bark) under and over-pai bhar (in a vessel) and give it fire of 1 basket of dung of goat for two praharas. Rub green vitriol sr. and alpa (a kind of mineral ?) i sr. in the juice of the ripe leaf of Calotropis gigantea. Take out the juice by making it hot. Fill it into an earthen vessel. Make lump of the leaf of green, vitriol by drenching it in the juice and put it into a Saravasamputa. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it (saravsamputa). Give it fire of dry wild cowdung Cakes-3 srs. Thus 21 times. Alpa astrya is produced. * Chemical process : Crush together pra du *: bhag. (part) 3, Su bha. (part) 4, astrya bha. 1, realgar ta l, sulphur ta 1, Caurik 1 (Angelica glauca ?) and mercury 1 (ta). Put the whole thing into an earthen vessel, mix up the juice of Aegale Marmelos with it, as it is mixed up. Sprinkle the juice of Aegale folia. Next rub it and take it out from the fire and again rub prade lohade. (not identified). Rub borax over (it). Give heat to the whole thing in fire. Success.5 Grind pro, pra. Sa (not identitied), rato (red) 16 and Thuthu (a kind of poison) to. 3 and put the whole thing into an iron pot (pan). Lit strong fire in the furnace. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 11. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10.19. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10.20. 4. SRSS., Ch. X. 21. x. Not identified in the absence of a commentary. But it is a kind of plant. 5. SRSS., Ch. X. 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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111 Thuthu begins to burn. Mercury begins to tremble, then press out the juice of the leaves of: Aditi (a kind of vanaspati) by taking them in the hands-pai 1 bhara of the juice after buring, again give juice pai 1 bhar. And while taking it out of the juice of Aditi, rub it in between leaves of Nagarveli (piper betel). After the juice is heated (burnt), next mercury begings to make circle (round), it begins to jump, After its jumping, two times, it settles at the bottom. Take it out of the iron pot into an earthen pot. Its tablets get bound. Take 1 rati of it by grinding it. Give Ujeniboa (not clear) by measuring 3 times, Name of Aditi is called Gamara Gamdana. Its leaf is like that of Cannabis Sativa Melt Khakha (parabhasma) or vamga (tin) and put 2 ratis of orpiment. Over it put 2 ratis of pegami Navasara (Sal-ammoniac). "Next quench that tin into oil of Centipeda orbicularis (Nagachikani).T Quench the leaf of iron in the juice of the root of Lohukhandi (Samadera Indica) 107 times, it gets reduced to ashes and quench it in the juice of raw Riber ebony (Dispyros peregrina) (Timbara) like that. Put the leaf of iron into pueraria tuberosa (Bhuikohalu) by splitting it up. Close it up and put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas.3 . Take the juice of red lotus or red flower in the standing leaves of Harinakhuri (a kind of Plant), put its juice into a hard pot of cocoanut (Kacali) and rub it with the wood of green Neem for 4 praharas. Make a ball of it and close it up in a pot, give it fire for two praharas, grind it and give (mix) tin into it.* Again by cutting phyllanthus niruri (Bhui ambali) and Spilanthus oleracia (Marahathi) of red flower (having red flower) into pieces in equal proportion, take the juice and make the process like Harinakhurio (a kind of plant). Drench tin in the milk of trunk (stem) of Mimusops hexandra (Rayana) seven times, in bitter Leptadaniarati culata (Dodi) one time, in bitter Flephantopsus Scaber (galajibhi) one time and into part of white radish. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 27 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 35 3 .Ibid., 10. 36 4. Ibid., 10.4 5. SRSS., Ch. 10. 43 6. SRSS., Ch. 10, 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 - Rub mercury pai. 5 in the - juice of Daimdi. pai 5 in a mortar, it becomes lump-like, put it into a bottle and give (put) a seal into its mouth. Bind (tie up) old silver, Katho (a kind of lime mixed with khadir) and elay; give (put) a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next dry it up, dig a pit according to the size of the bottle, bury it (bottle) into it, fill sand into the pit up to its rim (Kota), Next fill dry dung of goat 1} srs. into it and litt fire. . In this way 3 bottles are to be turned up. Give the third bottle fire of 3 srs. of wild dung of goat. Melt tin and put 1 ta of the essence into it, fill the water-pot and cover it up.3 Know it is Thathayani vidya. Rub black datura in the juice of Grewia populifolia (Nagavalli) for 7 days.; it becomes butter-like.? .. The mercury tola 1, clove to 4, Chaleta (not identified) to 4, lakali (Rheum emodi) 4, Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani), Euphorbia nivuiia (Thohar) and Betel leaf (Nagaraveli) and combine. Heat them for 4 praharas.3 (Some essence will be accomplished). The process of extracting oil : : Boil and keep 1/8 th part of the whole thing-five parts (root, stem, branch (or flower) leaf and fruit) of peristrophe bicaliculata (Kakajamgha). Rub the seed of Alangium lamarku Thuraites. (Amkoli), in that smear it on the new plate (Korithali) of metal and put that plate high up the Sunshine of Vaisakh-Jyestha, oil will come out of it, apply it; it acts. Rub the powder of seeds of dattura in the essence (decoction) of Uttarayana (a kind of vanaspati). Keep it in two plates. Put it in the sunshine, oil comes out of it. Like this oil of the seeds of Achyranthus aspera) and oil of Horse radish, come out, if taken out. Chemical Process : Take a cup of copper of ta 1, heat (carti) mercury ta 10 by filling the cup with the juice of Cymnema Sylvestra; with fire of 5 praharas. Next 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 1 * Ibid. 2. SRSS., Ch. IX. 8 3. Ibid., Ch. XI. ILX 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 18 5. Ibid., Ch. 11. 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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113 the cup breaks up, tin (trapu) gets dried up (sucked up or assimilated). Take Somala sr. and the juice of radish-1 maund, fill a jar with it and make holes under it. Put it on a three-legged stand. Do as such that the current of the juice falls on somala (oxide of arsenic), give it fire (heat) for 24 praharas. Know that tin also is to be treated) like this in the juice of Ricinus communis and in the urine of ass." Take an equal portion of the juice of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi) and Ipomaea reniformis (Umdarkani) in equal portions i sr. Next let that juice settle down, put mercury pai 2 bhar over (or on) it, Give cuya (drops) of that juice to it, when mercury becomes incinerated in 4 praharas, then make an image of Hanuman (monkey god) (out) of the dung of a calf. Put the juice by the side of the image, sprinkle the blood with anamika finger (on it) and sprinkle wine, then it is accomplished. Make it in a loney place. Take a dose measuring a grain of rice, it benefits much. Rub it in the juice of black datura and white Leucas Cephalotus (Dronapuspa) for 7 days, congratulations.3 Grind grains of tin- sr., lime of Oyster shell sr. and Kalicuno (lime), sr. with the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (Vajri) and Calotropis gigantea, put the whole thing into the horn of buffalo and close it, give it fire of goat's dung for 4 praharas by putting 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. The essence becomes ready, when half of it is burnt. Chemical Essence : Dip the fruit of yellow Loranthus longifolia (Bandali) with seed-2 srs. into the urine of ass for 8 praharas. Next take out the fruits and press them into the urine and throw out the dirt. Next take Haraniu mercury 1sr. Take out its dirt 21 times. Next put the whole thing into an earthen bowl and give fire under it. Give taya (drops) of Khicali slowly to mereury. Do not allow the rasa to get dried up, give tuya continuously up to 8 praharas. When mercury becomes of yellow colour, the essence is accomplished." 1. SRSS., XI. 31 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 11 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2.15 4. SRSS., Ch. 13.2. 15 5. SRSS., Ch. 13. 15 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 Chemical Process of Mercury : Put mercury ga. 1 into Rutha(pa ?) narali (not identified) gadiyana 64 by melting it. There will be truth.' Take out dirt from mercury sr., next filter it with a hard piece of cloth, next rub it with the juice of Ocimum sanctum for 14 days, do not allow it (to) get dried up. Next put Ciniu camphor ta 5 into it and mix with it. Next fill it into a glass bottle, again fill 1 sr. of the juice of ocimum sanctum into it, then put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it." Put the urine of goat-5 srs., milk of Calotropis gigantea-1 sr. and milk of Euphorbia nivuiia (Thohar)-1 sr. into the horsedung for 21 days. Next take the whole thing out and place it on fire and give fire of Castor plant (Ricinus communis) under it. It gets dried up.3 Put Somalakhara (Oxide of arsenic) 1 tola into these three juicesthe juice of prickly pear=Slipper Thorn (=Nagaphani)-1 sr., the juice of Lagenaria Vulgaris (Kaqui Tumbi)-1 sr. and the juice of red lotus (Kalbara), 1-sr into an earthen bowl and cook it in a Dolikayantra. Do as such that Somala remains 3 fingers high from the juice. Make dipagni under it (Dolikayantra). Take out the essence and make a hole into an Amorphophallus companulatus. Put it (Somala, etc.) into it and close it (Kanda). Smear it with paddy (husk) and cowdung. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it (Kanda); give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Tin sucks (dries up) the water. 4 The process of Svedana 5 Medicine is to be cooked in a Dolayantra with Kanjika (sour liquid thing) of urine of cow, buffalo, goat, men and ass. The process of Jarana: It is to be accomplished by making bila (Bitaluna), powder of equal portions of each of the medicines like gorocana (golestone obimmer-a scented article named gorocana), alum, sal-ammoniac, sulphur, orpiment, syada, (not identified), borax (Saubhagya) and (silver ?) are to be cast into 1. SRSS., Ch. 13. 16 2. SRSS., Cha 13, 18 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2.3 4. SRSS., Ch. 13. 24 5. SRSS., Ch. II. (Comm.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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the bile of goat and the whole thing is to be placed on the furnace for a month. Thus having made bida (bitakhara), next make a leaf of blcak mica, cast it into Yavaranala (fire lit by the straw of barley) for 8 praharas, melt it with sahavastra, with phogakandalas or durvajalas (not identified). It gets (comes) flowing and is free from sna (dhatuselement).' Vedha : The process by which mercury is mixed with Vyavayi medicines (i.e. opium, etc.) and cast into any metal is called Vedha (Piercing). Kramana : Kramana is the process of alchemy which is made by taking equal portions of each of the dirt of the ear of buffalo, woman's milk and borax to rub them together throughout the day. Then make the essence of poison, cinnabar, calamine, red Kantaka (a kind of iron ?), Indragopa (a kind of insect born in the rainy season), wax and excreta of crow and put mercury into the middle, alum and the essence over and under respectively. Having given glass-powder into it, heat the same in a closed. crucible. If it is done, mercury undergoes kramana accomplished by this process. 3 Udghatana : The Chemical process by which transparent colour is brought about in a purified thing by removing its impurities (dirts or dregs) with mercury by purifying it is called Udghatana. In the case of silver lead is to be taken out, while in that of gold lead is to be given. Mercury is fixed by the combination of amlavarga (group of acids), Kharavarga (group of salts, i.e. urine and salts, etc.) and rasavarga (group of minerals). Mercury is purified by the intellect of Padalipta Suri, an alchemist: O Lord (mercury) show the process of destruction of all sins-poverty, disease and old afe. (Sarvaduritas)". 1. SRSS. II. Comm. 3. Ibid., 5. SRSS., II. (Comm.) 2. Ibid. 4. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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The process of Dhumravedha The success becomes manifest in rubbing and rubbing mercury, sulphur, gold, sulphide of mercury and realgar (manasila) (Kunata and Kupati). Some are Dhatuvedhi (piercer of metal), some are gavavedhi (piercer of gava). We, the carpata yogins, are Dhumravedhis (alchemists of Dhumra =smoke). Vedhi piercing : Put phatakiu Malla (a kind of Oxide of arsenic) ma 6. in Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum). Next mix the medicine into cppper 64 (ma or tola), it pierces. guptu s ssa sasa gakha gaugira dadara / unadamisasajara kuna dai tistA kInIyA // 3 The Process of making Seal (1) Take Vateria indica (candrasa) sr., Betula Utilis (Bhuryapatra) sr. and linseed oil-1 sr. Make small pieces of Betula Utilis by cutting it with a scissors, boil it till it becomes hard. Next crush (beat) it by taking a hammer and Salasi (a pincers), as it is beaten, so that it becomes soft. Then put it into a Jalayantra. As it is put there, so there remains the seal (i.e. closed) for 16 praharas. True. Make Yantrasta bujaradrsam* (?). There remain two seals over (it). 4 (2) Drench Fenu greek (Trigonella foenum-graceum-Methi) into water, Multani mati (Multani earth) into the water of Methi. Make seal of it first. Next dry it up on the burning charcoal, grind first the drenched Methi and the powder of adad (phaseolus radingtus) in equal portions. Next make a seal on the seal made first. Spread out the powder of stone over it. Next dry it up." 1. SRSS., Ch. 1, 14 2. SRSS., Ch. 13, 6 3. SRSS., Ch. 1, 58. (not deciphered yet in the absence of a commentary) X. Meaning in not explainable in the absence of a commentary. 4. SRSS., Ch, VII. 15... 5. SRSS., Ch. XI. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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111 Third Chapter. Various Chemical Processes for Making Gold and Silver Chemical. First Section-Process for making gold. Having rubbed mercury, gold and copper with the juice of yellow Andropogon serratus, the essence of these, measuring one gunj is to be given into copper measuring 1 tola. There will be accomplished gold. Or having mixed these three things-mercury, gold and copper together, they are to be rubbed with the juice of yellow Andropogon serratus for four days. Seven pratiputas (re-roastings) are to be given to their essence every day. It is to be put into a mortar (Kharala). An earthen pot of Kosthaka clay is to be made, --next the pill of that (essence) is to be placed into the earthen pot. On its getting dried up, seven layers of clay and cloth are to be put over it. Next a square pit is to be dug. On filling dry pieces of wild cowdung into it (pit) and placing the earthen pot in it. lit fire on all sides. When all things get cooled down after burning, take ut the earthen pot from the pit. There takes place the fruit by this process. Put the essence vala-1 into 1 tola of copper. (There will be gold)?. On the fixation of orpiment and mercury, the classes of metals-pure copper, iron and lead get converted into gold by the contact of cinnabar and fire on the removal of blackness of mercury with the juice of black datura meta. Then again they attain goldness by the process of saturation of the juice of medicine called pathari (Thalophytum ?)3 Copper together with long gourd is to be mixed with the root of cocceinia Indica (tidu). There the mixture is heated;) it (Copper) becomes gold. 4 Bring taliyo borax and calamine, and brinjal, put 4-4 pieces of (each of) borax and calamine into the brinjal on all sides; give seven chavafamvati bhavanas (saturations) to that brinjal with maund of urine of she buffalo heifer, bring new-new brinjal seven times. Next take out the calamine (from inside of the brinjal), do it in such a way that the pieces of calamine do not break into the brinjal. They should be taken out as 1. SRSS. Ch. 1.1., Ch. II 2. SRSS., Ch. 1.1., Ch. II. 1 3. SRSS.. Ch. 1.2, Ch. 2 (Comm). 4. SRSS., Ch. 1.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 unbroken (pieces). After seven saturations calamine is to be crushed. Thus the essence is accomplished. Next copper 2-parts, silver 2 parts and Dvadasa suvarna (12 carat gold) -4 rati are to be melted together. After melting them all-vala 8, put the essence into 8 vala of these melted metals. As a result of the chemical process there becomes gold.1 Another Explanation Crush all these-2 masas of copper, 2 masas of gold; 4 masas of silver, 4 or 8 masas of calamine; rub them with the juice of new red leaves of Jambulanum; crush them all with betel leaf, make them rubbed in a mortar with the juice of leaves of Jambulanum for 4 days by combining them together. Next the whole thing is to be cast into a crucible. It is to be made of glass. Put the medicines into it, betel leaf is to be crushed and its juice is to be extracted into the crucible. The glass crucible is to be given a samputa (lid covering) with a glass crucible. A civara (a piece of cloth) made wet with the spittle of betel leaf is to be placed on the crucible. Over it a layer of clay and cloth is to be put. Then it is to be heated on fire of 1 seer of coal. On its being cooled down, it is to be taken out. The essence becomes gold." Take alum and sipani (a kind of oyster shell) and 12 (parts of) tanakatodi (tejan todi mati a kind of soil) in tin (rang). Carpata makes a magic performance, i.e. gold is made. Take emarald (or gold) and lead (of equal proportion) and mercury having equal quantity of them; grind them with a butt (Puta) in the juice of Andropogon serratus (devadali). Do not carry on cultivation (agriculture) labouriously. One rati of the essence (Kalka) pierces 64 tolas of any metal (to make gold.) Mix (One part of) carbonate of soda, (one part of) rice gruel (bhaji), (one part of) alum, (one part of) mercury, two parts (double) of orpimeut (Sulphite of arsenic) into copper with reason. What does the famine do ?5. i.e. There will be gold. 1. SRSS., Ch. 1.7, Ch. 2. (Comm.) 2. SRSS., Ch. 2. (Commn.) 3. SRSS., Ch. 1.8 4. SRSS., 1. 9 5. SRSS., Ch. 1. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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-119 Make pieces of both abhinaga (a kind of lead ?) and ubhinaga (a kind, of lead ?), give mercury below them and borax above (them). Carpata says : Put on (golden) bangles. Take orpiment ta 1, golden pyrites ta i, sulphide or mercury ta. i realgar ta }, mercury ta 1, copper ta } and, silver masa ta and melt them by putting them together on fire. Make their kantakavedhipatra (thorn-piercing, leaf), rub the medicine with the juice of Solanum nigrum. (Kakamacirasena). The whole thing is to be cooked in an iron vessel (bow for 3 praharas and smeared (on the metal leaf as mentioned above). On its drying up, melt it in a closed crucible. It is to be heated for a prahara. It is heard that there becomes gold, the support of the travellers." Kill lead in Halavilasanini (a kind of vanaspati) and Anurata Nali(ri) (a kind of Vanaspati gondhabhadali which is a medicine for dysentry), fix mercury by killing lead; Carpata saysr (it) becomes gold.3 Keep brass cooked in these two Hatavilasanini and Anavaranari (a kind of Vanaspati). Blackness of that brass is removed. Misery and poverty all go away* (because of producing gold). Lead is killed with three roastings (Putas) like vermilion. One sixteenth part of it pierces into silver and silver gets converted into gold. Kill mineral calamine in salt, rule over the four corners (of the world). Natha says "do not think (doubt) in mind. Misery of poverty will completely go away." Take many knotted (ghanaganthi) Ayapomia Reniformis and manyfruited (bahuphali-Cantichorus) whose living is in the well and pond (or at the bottom of the well). If only mercury is mixed with them, poverty will be destroyed (removed). Ayapomia Reniforms and C. antichorus-both of them grow at the bottom of pond. Mercury is killed by the first puta (roasting) with their juice; there becomes gold by the second roasting.S 1. SRSS.. Ch. 1. 15 2. SRSS., Ch. 1. 16 3. SRSS., Ch. 1. 17 4. SRSS., Ch. 1. 18 5. SRSS., Ch. 1. 20 6. SRSS., Ch. 1. 24 7. SRSS., Ch. 1. 28 8. Ibid., 1, 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 Lead fills up (assimilates). Calamine (zinc carbonate), put guya (or suya =mercury ?) over it. Goramai (yellow mother) serves rice, there, becomes a house of gold. 1 Mix the juice of the leaf of the plant of Serpentina with the urine of Sundari elephant, lead becomes gold by garbha-naga (not explained) (when put into the womb of the essence of medicine) after heating it." That is to say, take the root of Nagaphani (Serpentina=thora=phanimanasa=Sleepers' thorn) and its root with the urine of Sinduri elephant. When lead is saturated with the essence, it becomes gold.3 How ? Take out the juice of the leaf of Nagaphant, combine it with the urine of Sundai elephant. By heating lead and raog (tin), put them into the essence of the medicine. They get converted into gold. * Lead gets killed, pierces into the body of mercury. Mercury is not found killed without lead. Bind (Fix) mercury with the ropes of lead. Carpata says : it becomes gold. Lead drinks (assimilates) calamine (Zinc carbonate), Zinc carbonate assimilates mercury. When the vessel of zinc carbonate begin to break up, there is joy in every house (because of making gold). Mix carbonate of soda, chloride of sodium, alum, godanti orpiment and emarald (garudavihamgana) by taking them in equal proporations. If one rati of this essence is mixed with one tola (of copper ?) (there becomes gold).? Drench Sambara salt in the juice of Citrus lemon and the juice of jadi (its roots ?), make essence in a burnt earthen pot and remove poverty again, 8. SRSS,, Ch. 1, 32 1. Ibid., 1. 33 2. Ibid., Ch. 1. 33 (Comm.) 3. SRSS,, Ch. 2. 1.33 (Comm) 4. SRSS,, Ch. 1. 36 5, SRSS., Ch. 1. 37 QUSRSS., Ch. 1. 39 7. SRSS., Ch. 1. 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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121 Lead combined with sulphured orchre, mixed with equal portion of mercury and combined with Andropogon serratus (devadali) becomes gold . What is the wonder here if red sulphur mixed with the essence of Butea frondosa (Palasa) in Liccaris (gethivana) and cooked with wild lotus converts silver into gold with triputas (3 roastings) T . 1 Take 4 parts of gold, four parts of mercury, six parts of amalsara sulphur, fix them carefully, (there will be) gold-light and honvey.3 Take equal parts, of mineral calamine and mercury, mix the juice of of Aloe vera (Barbado Aloes) into them. Then add one gunj of copper. 'Take gold by making it with hapiness.* Combine pure copper ta. 10, and mineral calamine ta. 10, gold ta. 4 and melt them together in a closed crucible, (There will be gold); do not die of starvation, i.e., the essence becomes yellow pills (gold pieces). Take silver ta 2, pure copper ta 3 and mineral calamine ta. 5, put them in a closed crucible and melt them with copper without blackness. It becomes gold. This is an art of the intelligent men.? That is, first melt them in a closed crucible, next melt them into an open crucible. The whole thing becomes pita joaka (gold pieces). S Equal parts of mercury and Saussurea lappa (kustha) are to be killed like silver and take double (the quantity of) good (pure) orpiment (mixed) with the milk of Calotropis gigantea. They are to be cooked with linseed oil for five days. That oil becomes Satavedhi (piercing hundred percent) in the case of silver, copper and lead (to convert them into gold.) o Pyrites, lead, mercury and sulphur and cinnabar mixed with realgar are to be rubbed together and to be roasted by 50 putas in fire. In the process of killing lead there comes out silver with 100% piercing. 20 1. SRSS., Ch., 1. 41 2. SRSS.. Ch, 1. 42 3. SRSS., Ch. 1. 43 4.- Ibid., Ch. 1. 44 5. Ibid., Ch. 1. 45 6. Ibid., Ch. 2. 1.45 (Comm.) 7. SRSS., Ch. 1. 46 8. Ibid. Ch. 2. 1.46 (Comm.) 9. SRSS., Ch. 1. 47 10. SRSS., Ch. 1, 49 16 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 That is, take lead 5 tolas, gold 2 tolas, native cinnabar-2 tolas. orpiment 1 tola, sulphur 1 tola & realgar-1 tola, give them 28 saturations with the juice of Rasendragopi (a kind of plant or mercury), give them 28 samputas, cook them after grinding them in a mortar. Put them into a paceiyantra, put a layer of cloth-clay. Over the paceiyantra. Next give it heat in a Valukayantra for 12 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Mix silver tolas 22 with the essence, it becomes gold. Poison, Anacardium (Semecarpus anacardium), aqunatic pipala and other thing, oil of pongamia glabra, vebhaha, (not identified) brass together (Samciya) are the roots of gold-making. Lead moves in between Taurarasa+Sulphur (and) murasasa mercury, lead becomes modified, piercing mercury. Carpata says. it becomes, gold. If black, red, yellow lead in black silver-7 divisions, is combined with pure gold, Nagarjuna says : occupation is little necessary. 3 If mercury, carbonate of soda, milk's hedge, alum and 2 parts of orpiment are mixed with copper, the essence becomes yellow. ... One (part of) lead eats up (assimilates) ten parts of tin. Cinnabar and realgar have in this way. Old tin abrorbs lead. The god of wealth will sing in his house.5 Secret formula to make gold I shall fix that nihsamgam Mahaviram (Ma=Hemamaksikam=golden pyrite, ha=hatakam=gold, VI=black mica, rarasam=mercury by the combination of three(trisamghata=Sukumala croton oblongifolia(Nagadamti) Aristolochia bracteata (Nai) and sarostemma brevistigma (Soma). The essence of Ratta (Red Euphorbia piluifcra rakta dugdhika), C. antichorus (Kasina=Ktsna bahuphali), Luffa echinata, Andropogon serratus. 1. SRSS., Ch. 1. 59 2. SRSS., Ch. 1. 60 3. Ibid., 4. Ibid., 1. 61 5. SRSS., Ch. 1.12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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123 (pamdura=devadala), Aconitum, chasmanthamum (Si Syngikavisam), small brinjal (Ri=laghu ringani) and Agave (Nikiya Ketaki) are to be taken. Besides, gloriosa Superba (Siya=Lamgalika), Seeds of Ahikahari Astercantha longifolia (Kusa gaha), mimosa (Bhiru-lajjaluka), Hydroctyle asiatic (Jalamamdanika), Ambavani (Sthalamamdanika), Cuscuta reflex-Nabhamamdanika.1 Mica, killed lead and gold cannot give up brightness (fire-form), due to their brightness (full of their quantities of brightness)." Reduce mercury pal. 1 to paste in the juice of ocimum sanctum for 4 praharas, next grind it in the juice (or sap) Clenolepis Cerusiformis (ubhayalingi - Sivalingi bitter and Bhagalingi=sweet).Next melt zinc-paisa 2 bhar and make it a hard hump with mercury, next make soot (Kajali) of orpiment pai. 1, borax (sonro) pai. 1 bha, alum pai 1. sambhara lona (Salt of Sambara lake) pai. 1 or that of that zinc. Nevt having taken a ripe wood apple (Feronia elephantinum=Kapitthag), make a hole into it, put soot (Kajali) into it and give hard pieces of it into its mouth. After that, reduce to paste the pieces of the frame of house or salt (together) and mix water into it (paste). When the whole thing becomes soft (or light) like wax, mix it into a piece of cloth and put 7 layers of clay and cloth over it. Next lit fire of dung of she-goat 2 srs, make it (fire) smokeless. Put the wood apple into the flame of fire by making it smokeless and smokeless. Keep the second oven ready by making it smokless (i.e. the fire of dung of she-goat) before the first one gets cooled down. Thus repeat this process for eight days. Next when the whole thing gets cooled down, take out the wood apple.3 Make a leaf of best copper and purify it, then mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomers gold. It is true.1 Fill up a jar with the urine of an ass and some zinc leaves into it, place double Sambhara salt on each leaf and dry them up in a place (or plate) and cleanse them of impurities. Next melt 1 tola of copper and mix 1 masa of zinc into it. There becomes gold.5 1. SRSS., II Commentary. 2. Ibid. 3. SRSS, Ch. 3. 1. 4. Ibid.. 3., 2 5. Ibid.. 3. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 Make a combination of these articles-mercury to. 2 and lead to 2, and a hump of them, put sulphur tola 4 and rub these three medicines, in the juice of Aloe Vera (Kumarirasa) for 1 prahara. Pour the whole thing into a bottle and seal it up. Put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Give it heat in Valukayantra for 1 or 2 praharas. The essence is accompli shed. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. (There becomes); gold.1 Take the wood of sweet and bitter Nimba Melia azadirachta. -Rub it with water like sandal (wood), smear a crucible. First purify copper, make Kantakavedhi (thorn-piercing), leaf of it. Make a ball of it like a paper ball and put it into the crucible. Melt it by heating it in fire after making it roasted (puta) put 1 or 2 masas of copper into the crucible and melt it, there will be gold. This is true." Give 7 putas (roastings) to oxide of arsenic (malla=somala) tola 1, sal-ammoniac (Nisadala) tola 1 and alum tola 1 in the milk (sap) of Banyan tree Ficus Bengalensis-Vatadugdha, 7 putas in the juice of castor plant. Ricinus communis, 7 putas in the juice of Jatropha glandulifera= sunflower, (Ratnajyoti), 7 putas in the milk of Euphorbia antiquorum (Vajri), 7 putas in the milk of Calotropis gigantea (arkadugdha), 7 putas in the juice of Aloe vera (Kumarirasa), 7 putas in Kamkarumda (a kind of plant), 7. putas in brinjal and 7 puras in vedhedudheli (Euphorbia piluli-Fera.3 Take red sandal (Ratamjani)=Petro carpus santalinus, make it into pieces, soak them into oil and take oil (out of them) in a patalayantra. Rub mercury pai. 1 Bhara in that oil for 1 prahara. Put Rumex vesicarius (Cuu) in a crucible with two parts (musamen-samputamen) and give gentle slow. dow fire (mandagni) to it for one ghadi (24 minutes). On its getting cooled take out the whole thing. Rub it again in oil for 1 prahara, (put) it into a samputa, give gentle fire to it for (lid) ghadi. Thus do it thrica heat mercury will be gotaka (ball-like). Put that ball of mercury into a samputa, make (lit) fire slolwy and slowly for 1 prahara. The gotaka of mercury will swell like patasa (a kind of sweet prepared from gud). If that mercury vala 1 is taken with betel leaf, 1 here will be fourfold appetite. If 1 rati of it is mixed into 1 tola of copper, there will be gold.* Rub orpiment tola 2 with the juice of Nilaguli (a kind of plant) for 4 praharas. next grind it with the juice of lemon for 4 praharas. Then mix 1 masa of that powder into 1 tola of copper. It becomes gold." 1. SRSS., 3. 4 2. TRSS. ch. 3. 5 3. SRSS. Ch. 3.6 4. SRSS. Ch. 3.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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125 Take Malla Dalimiu (a kind of oxide of arsenic) tola 2 or 3.--The wood of Butea monosperma (palasa lakadi), while getting burnt, will get reduced to white ash, it is called Palasakhara. Rub that somala with water and palasakhara. It will be of red colour, put that powder-masa-1 masa into Kathir (a kind of tin) tola-2. There will be silver.' If one masa of that powder is mixed into 2 tolas of copper, there becomes gold. Combine together lead-gadiyano 2, mercury gadiyano 2, powder of Khasaragaloha (a kind of iron) gadiyano 4, and realgar-gadiyano-4, and grind them to powder, then rub that powder with the milk of Euphorbia nerufolia. A leaf of lead is to be smeared with that medicine and melted by putting it into a crucible, There will be good gold.3x, Take it out. Smear it with the juice of citrus lemon, put it on fire, it will be of the value of 11 carats.* Crush Bergenia ligulata (Rasana pipari) hard (galhi), melt silver, and pour it into that. There becomes gold. Crush mineral calamine (Kharpara) 1 sr. and onosma echioides (Nalia) -2 srs. in a mortar; grind them finely. Ferment it in the urine of horse in Dolikayantra, for a month, next put it into the urine of ass, seal up the mouth of the pot. Keep it for a month in that state. Then take out the whole thing and dry it up, next mix up khara (salt or ash) of Aghada in ith part, seal it up by putting a cover of cloth and clay, give it gajaputagni. On its getting cooled down, take out the essence, it becomes hundred fold (100%) piercing into copper. Copper becomes gold. Give saturation of oxide of arsenic ta. 3 and chloride of sodium (Siaindhava) ta. 3 with the milk of Calotropis gigantea for 3 days (by rubbing them in a mortar. Next make a ball of the mixture and ferment the ball in the milk of she-sheep (ewe) pai. 20 in a Dolikayantra. Then mix 1 tola of copper with 1 masa of the cssence. There bocomes gold of 8 carats.? 1. SRSS., Ch. 3.9 2. Ibid, 3. SRSS., 9x 4. Ibid. 5. SRSS., Ch. 3. 19 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 20 7. Ibid., Ch. 3. 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 Take oxide of arsenic (Somala) pai 1 and the juice of the leaf of Anacardium (Bhilama) and give caya (drops) of the latter to the former.' Mix 1 masa of oxide of arsenic with 1 tola of copper, combine half (of copper ?) gotaka (combination of copper or gold ?)? The leaf of Aditivuti (Helianthus sunflower annus) is like cina (gram?), give saturation to white sulphide of antimony (or Collyrium of antimony) and sulphide of mercury (=cinnabar=himgula) with the juice of seed of Aditi ara into it. (i. e. the leaf of Aditivuti-pan). Next give it 7 putas of clay. Next put the whole thing into a glass Casket (Kacakupi) and give fire to it for 4 or 8 praharas. The essence is produced. Mix one masa of the essence with one tola of copper. There becomes good gold.? . . Take Khurasani castor=parasa castor, its fruit is without thorn, know this test : Reduce to paste orpiment, cinnabar and mercury (by rubbing) into that, make a ball out of the paste. Next put the medicine into the mouth of an earthen pot, paint it over and put a lid into its mouth. Keep a vessel (thama) under it. lit fire over it. I tola of oil of the essence which comes out of it is to be mixed into copper Va. 1 or masa-1. There becomes gold. Put together silver ma. 1, gram of raw iron-rati 4, and zinc rati 4 by mixing borax equal to the quantity of these three metals. Again put them together and heat them. When remains, 1 masa of silver, then mix 2 masas of sakharo gold. put the cup into a crucible Next there becomes gold of 3 masas Melt together silver-masa-1, copper masa 1, iron ma 1 and zinc ma. 1. Again, put them into the wax of Bhoaalazz (a kind of bee) on a pan. Turn round the mixture again and again. When there remains 2 masas of it, then put it into a second crucible and mix 4 masas of pure gold and 1 masa of puthalidala (not identified) into it and melt them. There becomes gold of 8 carats. Staying in that place, there takes, place a decrease of 2 carats in it. 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 25 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 29 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 33 4. SRSS., Ch. 3. 36 zx It is difficult to define Bhodala here whether it is tree or mica. 5. SRSS., Ch. 3. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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127 Make a cup or a small piece of thorn piercing-copper leaf, crush amalasara sulphur-'sr. and mix oxide of arsenic in equal quantity into it. That copper becomes yellow. Rub it with i sr. of juice of Citrausa (a kind of vanaspati) and make it ferment for a day, next melt it by putting it into a crucible 18 times. There becomes gold. 1 Crush (or grind) gum of Purging Cassia (girmala) tree ta 30, salammoniac ta 6, sulphur ta 16 and fill them into a bottle and seal up its mouth. Keep it (bottle) in the horse dung for a month. There becomes oil (inside the bottle). Smear the leaf of silver with it, give it heat, there becomes gold? Melt together these three-two parts of copper, two parts of tin (a kind of tin) and four parts of brass, next, if the mixture is poured into Kaganela (a kind of Vanaspati) 21 times, there becomes medium gold. If it is poured 108 times into it, there becomes best gold.3 Melt copper vala-1 and 2 valas of gum of the fruit of girnala (Purging Cassia,) together. Next put milk of Euphorbia pilulifera (ksiram= gambhari=arkapuspa-dugdhikarinto that mixture.) There becomes gold. 4 Take mineral calamine tola 14 and cook (ferment) it by putting it in the urine of goat. i sr., cook it with gentle fire. Next dry it up by taking it out, grind it finely and put 2 masas, it becomes roundish (or ba!l-like) at the time of grinding, Put (it) and grind it, then put it in an earthen crucible and put copper 3 masas into it by purifying it. Do it thus in oil, butter-milk and cow's urine. Put that copper into the crucible, Put a layer of cloth and clay over the crucible again by closing its mouth. Heat it in coal up to 2 ghaais (2x24 minutes) or 3. There becomes gold. Thus pour the same into crucible twice or thrice if stirred up (turned round); there becomes best, gold (astapada). Taka copper of the wing of a peacock. Put it into a crucibte and make fire under it slowly and slowly, grind some dry wild cowdung cakes and spread out the same into it and melt copper. It becomes gold.? It is certain. 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 49 2. Ibid. 50 3. SRSS., Ch, 3. 52 4. Tbid,, Ch. 3. 53 5. SRSS., Ch. 3. 57 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 58 7. SRSS., Ch. 3. 60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 Take the tail of peacock 29 srs. Take 2 big earthen lids (Saravala). Put it into them, close the two lids by putting borax ta. 3 into them, next give a layer of cloth and clay over them by closing; give it gajaputagni. Then open the samputa and blow ashes from it. There will come out gold-1} masas from it. Make a small and thin pot out of it (gold); put mercury into it as far as it can contain, put a little quantity of wild dry cowdung cakes over it, hold (lit) fire over it. There becomes gold. Again mercury becomes gold in that pot in this way. True. As many times as gold is desired to be made, there becomes gold. It is the wish-yielding cup like Kamadhenu (wish-yielding cow.)? Fill stool (excreta) of a dog 1 sr. into an earthen pot and put three leaves of kathir (tin) into it in three layers by making each leaf pai. 1. Next give fire to it (pot). When it gets burnt up, blow up ashes (out of it) and take out that tin, crush it together with orpiment pai. 1 bhar, oxide of arsenic pai. 1, Sagiu Vacanaga (a kind of poison or) Aconitium ferox paisa 1 and borax-pai. 1 bhar in 2 srs. of milk of Calotropis gigantea; next crush them in 2 srs. of Milk's Hedge. Then put the whole thing into a flat (glass) bottle and seal it up by giving a lid (into its mouth). Next give it fire. Then fills and into an earthen jar and put the Kupi=casket (glass bottle) in the middle, close the jar and give fire to it for 15 praharas. Mix 1 rati of the essence with copper ta. 5. (There will be gold or silver.3) Crush the inner bark of Tectonia grandis=Indian Tik tree (Teliya sag) in the mouth. Take the sputum (or saliva), (out of it) into an oyster Shell. Take sputum tola-1. Melt copper tolas 4. When copper becomes watery,cast (Spit) sputum or spit into copper. There will be gold. True. Melt gold-tola-1, mix pure silver masa 3 into it. After getting it melted, make the moten thing cold. Make 10 leaves of that gold and give a smearing of the following medicines to them. 1. SRSS., Ck. 3. 63 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 63 3. SRSS.. Ch. 3, z 1. S3, CLIP For Personal & Private Use Only

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129 Take sal-ammoniac ta 1, alum ta. 2, grain (or powder) of copper ta. 3, chloride of sodium ta. 4, red orchre (geny=girimati) ta: and rub. them with water. Next smear the leaves of gold (with this mistnos), give fire to these leaves slowly and slowly by putting dry wild cowdung cakes sr. into an earthen potsherd three times. Again by this process smear. the leaves with medicine, give fire of wild dry cowdung cakes to these leaves in an earthen potshered (Thikara) three times, slolwy. Thus again smear the leaves of gold, again give fire to them. Thus give sal-ammoniak and fire to three smearings of coatings. That is, gold will be marvellous.it The meaning of the gatha (Do ratta, do piyala)-Combine together all these-two masas of copper, two masas of gold, four masas-of minerat: calamine and crush and rub them in a mortar without water. Take out the leaf of Davu (Javu) which beeomas red-white shooting fo th: Crush that with the juice of betel leaf. Next put it into a crucible. - Make glass. crucible. Put the medicine into that crucible. Chew together betel Icaf;" lime (katho) and areca nut and put the spittle into the crucible, give a seal of glass into the mouth of the crucible. Then wrap a piece of cloth spaked with spittle of thetel-leaf over the crucible. Next put a cover of cloth and clay over it with spittle. Then get it dried up and heat it in coal Sr. 1. Make it cooled down, take it out. There becomes sota.** * Take a cup of essence of that mineral calamine tk. 6, mext mercury ta. 1, Sulphur ja. 1, realgar ta. 1, orpiment ta. 1, and dadimiyor gomala (oxide of arsenic) ta. 1 and combine all these medicines, crush and rubi them in a mortar. Reduce them to paste, give them 7 putas froastings) in the juice of citrus lemon, 7 putas in the juice of Aloe vira, 7-putas: In the juice of Kavai(a kind of vanaspati) and suryaputa (puta in the sun-rays). . . 7 Next make tablets out of the mixture. Hold them by side of medi cine, hold the cup of the essence of mineral calamine over it. Place" it into a Valukayantra. Make worship, make (lit) fire of (for) & praharas. Next take out the thing and make worship. That is the essence. Coimbine together pure copper ta. 2, the essence. t. 1, silver ta. 2 bost gald ta. 5, and molt them first in an open crucible. Next crush than and fill them up, and put the remaining all in an earthen jar, put sang 1 st. over it; put them into an open crucible, next pour the whole thing out. There become gold pieces. 3 3R55. Ch. 3. 76. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 77. 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 85. 17, For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 * Takie red, saimdhava salt 5 srs. and fill that much' of it into the belly of a just-born child, which may be contained into it; close it and put it into a Ukarala (village. dust bin) and take it out after 6 months. It (salt) becomes the essence. Purify silver 1 sr: and melt it; put the essence inito it. There becomes gold. . Take zinc ta. 9, make 3. leaves of it, crush cinnabar ta. 15, orpiment, #. 14, realgar ta. 15, green vitriol (Sulphate of iron) ta. 1, and amalsar sulphur ca th and rub them in the juice of Aloe vera, rub (smear) them on the leaves of zinc, Next put those leaves one above another in an carthen cooking veszol; give a, seal into the mouth of the earthen vessel with the cake of Adad (a kind of pulse). Then melt them and incinerate them to ashes. Melt that powder-1 rati, silver vala 3 and copper vala 13 together. Melt gold vala 4 and put Khara (ash) into it. Melt in a closed crucible, heat, much, Next melt it is an open crucible. That is gold piece. Truc." Crush lead ta 9, mercury ta., mineral calamine, ta. a Ravana kaca (a kind of glass) ta. 4, amalasara sulphure ta. 9, all these one by one and mix them. Next give the mixture 7 putas (roastings) of Auliphula, *(vanaspativtsesa), 7 putas of Kesu (water chest nut ?), 7 putas of the leaves of three without name (nanamajhada), and 7 putas of - Daaimaphula (vanaspati). Next grind them all with betel leaf (tambola) and put them into 2. Valykayantra, Place it on fire, give fire of three kinds for 12 praharas; next agair crush th part (of lead ?) and give it 3 putas of Dadimaphula, then again place ihe bottle (Sisi or. lead on fire) and heat it for 24 praharas. Next give it , 3 putas with the juice of auliphat for 48 praharas. Next give 3 putas, of betel leaf and fire for 96 praharas. Three kinds of fire. That is, the essence is produced. Mix 1 vala of the essence into 1 gadiyana "of copper. There becomes gold. 3 Take zinc palsa 5- Bhar, put it in a Sampuca (lid), spread out the leaf of gataralapati under 'it; put the pieces of zinc at the centre, put the fear of gadatalapati pai 5 bhar over them. Close : the samputa, make a strong seal (into it), put 5 or 7 layers of cloth and clay. and spread out:coal-5 srs.y put the sampuja at the centre, put again. 5 srs..of coal over it. ; That is, there becomes 10 srs. of coal, give fire to the samputa by litting fire with a 'fan. On getting the whole thing cooled down, take out the samputa. If the lid (cover) of zinc flics 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 86. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 103. 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 105. For Personal & Private Use Only

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101 . up, let it fly, if it remains, again in this way (spread out the way of gadala pata, coal 10'srs. and give fire to it (samiputa) treatment thros times; put the whole thing in a samputa. There becomes puto zinc. It does not fly up. Next put mercury just equal to zinc. and make younghi (lump). Take wax of 2 fingers into the oil of wild saffron (Curtbandus Tinctorious) by this process. Fry (heat or boil ?) it and when it becomes thick of 3 fingers, take it out. Fry mina-kaiya (Wax-piece) with oil, next put mercury into that oil. Then melt that zinc, melt it by giving borax, then pour it into the oil. The lump of mercury and zinc is produced. Next take out the juice of Hasta kanda (a kind of Vanaspati), put it into an earthen vessel, give a seal into its mouth, give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-5. or 7 srs. Like this continue the process 21 times. Take the juice of Hastakanda (vanaspativisesa) everyday and give 21 pusas with it. The essence is produced. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1. tola of copper. There becomes gold. OO * Make a cup of zinc pai. 3 or 3 bhar. Take out the juice of sprouts. or shoots of Sovanasaga. (a king of vanaspati) measuring cup and rub mercury (with it) for 2 or 4 praharas. Next put that mercury into the cup. Rub salt with the juice of Sovanasaga for 1 prahara. Fill that salt into the cup by putting it. Next bring an eartheni vessel. Fill salt into the cup by putting it. Next bring an earthen vessel. Fill salt into it by' crushing it. Press the cup upside down into that salt, its brim remains covered with salt. Next place the vessel on the furnace, give fire of wood: under it slowly and slowly; give it caya (drops) of the juice of the sprout of Sovangasaga from above for 12 praharas. When the cup byrets out and ** becomes . well (vakase)the essence is accomplished:Mix 1 rati of that essence into 1 tola of copper, gold.? There will be gold and gold pieces of established stone of Lajavarada, it is ta 3. Crush all these and make them fine by grinding. Rub them with the milk of ewe (she-sheep) for 4 praharas. Nextbind pill of 1 tola with it. Then at the time of action, put together honey, clarificd butter, borax, molasses and dali (1) of gunja-these five just: equal to the pill and rub them in a' mortar. for 1 prahara. Then make leaf of gold. I tola by : rubbing. Rub that pill, make its smearing-1 tola on the leaf. Make fire of 10 srs. Of dry wild cowdung cakes, put the leaf into 'a Kavaciyantra. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it and give it fire. On its getting cooled. down, . take it out. Next again smear the leaf with tola of that fill) 1. SRSS, Ch. 3. 107. 2. SRSS. Ch. 3. 109. For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 Gives a birto of 10 ars: of dry wild cowdung cakes in a Kavaciyantra. Tako out Querita being: cooled down. Again make a smearing on it (laban) with tola of pill and hesit it in a Kavacryantra on fire of 10 sts: of day wild, cow dung cakes. Take it out on its getting cooled down. There Will come Rs. 12 ont 'the sale of the leaf of gold: There will come Rei 16.00 on its sale (if) its carat gets increased. Take 1. sr. of the juice of the tender leaves of Babul (a kind of plant pai 1 of the juice of the tender leaves of Jambu; (Jambu tree), pai: 1 of the juice of the red leaves of oleander (Kanera), pai 1 of tho juice of the leaves of piper betel (Nagavalli) and crush half of pai. 1 of Magaphula: and put it into the juice of the four medicines. Make paste of copper masas, 9 and zinc masas-3. Keep three lumps vatas of that rasa separate. Then melt that lump and quench it into separate rasas (juices) thrice; its blackness is removed. There will be gold.'. . Copper is. pierced, silver is pierced. Keep the leaf of orpiment: dipped in the juice of Tripani sadhi (Khati), raw Desmodium gangeticum for 5 or 7 days. Next take it out and put it on fire. If it gets boiled with bubbling: sound it is accomplished. Next put mercury just equal to it (its quantity) and rub it with it for 1 or 2 praharas. Then melt copper tola-1 by mixing 1 masa of the essence with it. There becomes gold.? :: Put Hiravola (a kind of mineral ?) tola-2 into a plate, put mercury tola E; Put (give) Hiravola over it, put a cup over it and give a menamudra seat with Wax) to it. Then pour water into the plate and make dipagni ** te it for 1 prahara. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There will be gold:3 If pure essence 1 bhar is taken, there will be an appetite for (of), 10 sts, of food. * Bring a tuber of turmeric and mercury double than it (tuber). Make pill (bally by rubbing these two, make it dry and bind it with the juice of citrus lemon: Press' its juice by cutting it into two pieces. Put the pill in between these two pieces of citrus lemon. Place the second piece of it, over the first one, make a smearing over it with the powder of Udad 1. SRSS., Ch. 4. 1, 2. SRSS, Ch. 4. 3 3. SRSS., Ch. 4. 7." 4, SRSS., Ch' 4. 11 5. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(Phaseolus radiatus), put it on a piece of dry cowdung cake and give the second piece over it. Next give 1 or 2 pieces of dry cowdung cake and make fire. On its getting cooled down, take it out. That mercury becomes patasa (a kind of sweet) like, getting swelled. If I rati of it is taken, there takes place an appetite. Mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold.1 A Rub sulphur pai. 5 with the juice of Kesuphula for 4 prahras. Next after 1 or 3 days, put it into a bottle, give muvala (hair) into its mouth, keep it into the mouth of the second bottle. Put the mouth of the bottle in a patalayantra" and give fire under it; take out (squeeze) oil. Smear that oil on the copper leaf, dry it up like papadi (thin crisp cake made of flour mixed with spices) on fire. Put 5 or 7 drops of oil on it. There becomes gold.3 Rub sulphur tola 1 and mercury tola 1. with the juice of Amaraveli (Cassythafiiliformis) for 1 day. Rub them in a plate with the wood of Limba (Citrus lemon) in the shade. Do not expose it in the sunshine, do as such, hold it in the sunshine in Caitra Vaisakh, oil comes out of Day bod it, smear leaf of copper with it. There becomes gold.+ de Jul Put ash of conch-shell into mercury by reducing it (conch) to powder and into oxide of arsenic (Malla) by taking mercury. Mix good alum into milk, mereury-1 tola, lead and oxide arsenic-hr. masa. Take sulphur ta. 1, natron ta, 1, lime ta 1, salammoniac ta 1, oxide of iron a 1, orpiment ta 1. Make lump of mercury and zinc. Next crush the medicines and mix them into copper. Then take wood fordia floribunda (Dhahadiphula) and put all together, put Dhahadiphul ta 4 into copper to. 1 and zinc tola (in the essence). There will be gold. Combine tin, copper, zinc, lead and mercury and the juice of cedru deodar (and make the essence by rubbing them). Put 1 rati of the eseence into 16 tolas of copper. There will be gold. 1. SRSS., Ch. 4. 12 2. Flower of Butea frondosa saffron coloured flowers. 3. SRSS., Ch. 4. 14 4. SRSS., Ch., 4. 18 5. SRSS., Ch. 4. 23 6. SRSS., Ch. 4. 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 Make lump of 1 tela of mercury and 2 tolas of zinc. Next put 2 tolas of mercury into a silver pot (davadi) and put a layer of clay and cloth, give it gajaputagni for 12 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take it out. Combine 11 masa of the essence with I tola of copper. (There will be gold ?)1 Give 22 putas of urine, of tiger to mineral calamine-gadryana 1, borax ta 1, turmeric gadiyana 1, Sovanarakhiu kaca (a kind of glass) ga. 1 and Malavi molasses ga. 12; get dried all medicines except molasses in the sunshine and pound them. Mix 2 gadiyana of the powder (grain) of silver into them. Next put the whole thing into molasses and make lump and melt in a crucible up to 1 prahara. M There will be gold, silver carat 10 or 11. Thus is the process of making gold." Kill mercury, sulphur, Kaneri realgar, orpiment and oxide of arsenic with the juice of Aristo lochia bracteata, apply the essence to silver, it becomes gold. It is said by the dispassionate.3 Grind and crush Gujarati orpiment, Bagdadi patrali (leaves) and reduce them to small particles. Rub them in a mortar with the juice of onion for 3 or 4 days, When the combination is heated, then it burns like wax. Then know that puta is ripe (cooked), next put it into a bottle." Dig a pit measuring equal to the height, of the head of man and fill it up with the horse-dung. Keep the bottle into the horse dung for 6 months, then take it out, the copper leaf. There becomes gold. " > Mix tin sr, and mercury sr. with rice meal-milk, curd, clarified butter, urine and stool for 21 days and heat (or burn) the mixture in a furnace for 1 praharas. Put 4 ratis of the essence into 1 tola of copper by melting it. There becomes. gold. ) 2020 06 Put the juies of tumbi (Long gourd) ta 5 and the juice of Disospyros embryopteris (Tidu) ta. 5 seven times, into Copper (ta) 3 by washing (purifying) it. There becomes gold." 1. SRSS. Ch. 4, 27 2. SRSS., Ch. 4. 28 3. SRSS., Ch. 5. 3 4. SRSS., Ch, 5. 3x 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 4 6. lbid., Ch. 5. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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135 Grind sal- ammoniac ta 3, particles of copper ta 1 with the juice of citrus lemon in a 'copper pot. All becomes liquid (rasa). Then it is completed. Jamgala (essence or Verdigris or green rust) is accomplished. Next take Jamgala ta. 2 and fresh particles of tutaha (a kind of chemical substance) ta. 1. Make them wet (drench them) with the juice of citrus lemon for 4 praharas. Put borax and melt them, iron comes out separately. There becomes copper. Take it. Mix silver with equal portion of copper. There become 6 carats of it. Next make it Jotaka pieces of gold." Take a piece of cinnabar pai. 1 bhar, Next make a bread of the powder of wheat and put cinnabar into the bread. Repeat the process into 108 breads. Then put the piece of cinnabar into an iron cup, put over it these two things-honey pai. 24. bhar and clarified butter pai. 24 bhar and cook it. When the piece of cinnabar dries up clarified butter and honey, then take (it) out. Next wash the cup or put it into the cup. Put again honey and clarified butter, make fire of coal ;sr. Like this give it 108 fires. Then it is purified. If 1 rati of the essence is taken with beed-leaf, there takes place an appetine of 2 or 4 srs., put 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold. It becomes like gold.coin. Give taya (drops) of the juice of Hotha (a kind of plant) to mercury to 1, give it gentle fire and tuya of the flower of hotha over it. It is accomplished. Take the thing after '1 of 1 ghadi (6 minutes) and blow it up; agaip put mercury into that crucible, again give the juice of the flower of Hotha, again make it cool, again put it for the third time in a crucible and give it the flower of Hotha. At the bottom the essence swells. Mix it into copper tola 1. There will be gold.3 Put mercury ta 7 and sulphur ta 21 in a mortar and make collyrium. Next give 360 saturations to it with the juice of Aloe vera. Then it should be put on fire. There does not become smoke, such butter-like thing gets melted. When firc gets extinguished, it is accomplished. There becomes gold by the smearing of the essence on the leaf of silver. 1. SRSS. Ch. 3. 10 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 13. 3. SRSS, Ch. 5. 15. 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 17. For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 Smear the Nepalese, copper-leaf with Hemakustha (dung of a first born elephant) and Bakajala by piercing it with tanka (or thorn borax ? Heat it in fire. There becomes gold. First dung of a just new born elephant is called Hemakustha. Reduce it to ash and besmear it with the juice of citrus lemon. It is to be dried up on fire like thin crisp cake made of flour mixed with spices. There becomes gold. . . Boil thick curd water 10 srs. Allow it to be crystallized (vitaradava); when it becomes curd (crystalized) by getting separated, then bind it in a piece of cloth, just as Srikhanda (is bound). Take out water. Next put it in a copper vessel. Then put Tesadi-1 sr. into it like alum. Pour over it the juice of citrus lemon- sr. and stir it up and mix together. Next give a copper lid into the mouth of the copper vessel. Then put it into Vkarala (dus! bin of the village) for seven days. Next take it out and get it dried up. A pure essence is accomplished. Money will come on its sale.3 : Reduce to paste mercury ta 1 and realgar ta 1 and cook them into an earthen vessel: Put over their combination the gum-the gum of Eugenia Jambolana (Jambu) or Michelia champaca (Campa), or purging Cassia (giramala). There becomes the essence. Put it into silver, copper and lead. There becomes gold. Then there is Pharasatari (a kind of plant). Press it in the juice of the vegetable of Luni (portulacaea) and grind wax, put silver on them by melting it. There becomes gold of 14 carats. Grind the seed of Sida cordifolia (Balabija) and make its leaves powdered, put them into copper . 11 times by melting it. There becomes gold. Good gold is produced.* Dip natron ta 1, borax ta. 2, Sal-ammoniac ta 3 and lime ta 9 into 11 st. of water. Next keep, that water ta ? and Sulphur ta 3 in an iron pot. Damatanai (not clear). There becomes gold. Make a cup of Zinc ta 9 and put mercury; grind salt and give it at the bottom of an aarthen pot. Put the cup of zinc over it. Next give cuvo (drops) of the water of upper layer of sour curd on it up to the time till 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 18. 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 19. 3. SRSS., Ch, 5. 20. 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 24. 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 25. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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137 mercury and cup. become one. Then mix valas 2 of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold. ? Purify the thorn-piercing Copper leaf and put it into the juice of Jalasi three times by heating and heating it (in fire) It becomes gofd. Rub golden copper pyrite with clarified butter, honey, and borax. Heat it and take it out. Next combine that copper with equal quan gold, there becomes gold of 11 carats. There increase two casats hit light gold.3 . Bind the tablets of sal-ammoniac pai. 3, impure carbonate of soda (lodha sajiy pai. 3, oxide of arsenic (Somala-Khara) pai. 3, alun pai 3, Samgharayaph foinnabar) pai 3 and Kaheravo (not identified) pai. 5. in the juice of stem of candatus (Mogarikanda) and put them into an satthee pot. They drink (absorb) the juice of Mogari-2 maunds. Mix the tablets with butter-like mercury tola 121. There becomes gold. Rub mercury to. 1, oxide of arsenic tola 1, alum to. 1, borax to. 1 and saindhava salt. to. 1-all these medicines with the juice of citrus lemon in a mortar for 4 praharas. Next keep an iron pan below (under), make tablets of that medicine, put them into that cup, place a copper cup over it, press both the (sam)putas (lids) and give a layer of cloth and clay over it. Get it dried up and cook it in a gajaputa. The copper cup swells, crush it and give 1 or 2 ratis of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold." * There is Tecoma Undulata (Rohido) of 100 years old. Take blive the bark of its branch, crush it to powder. Take out sts. of bark, that bark into a small earthen vessel. Next take mercury pai. 1 Next take mercury pai. 1. take lead pai 1, bhar. Make hard lump with mercury. Put the tablets of mercury and lead over that powder, "gite over it again that powder of Rohida. Make that powder taghati (not clear) for 7 or 9 days. There is. dung of a calf of animal (cow, etc), make the powder (of it) wet by crushing it. Next give a seal into the mouth of an earthen jar by putting the whole thing into it, place that jat into a velukayantra., put a bottle (below). Put sand into a big 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 26. 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 29. 3. Ibid., Ch. 5. 29. 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 32. 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 39. For Personal & Private Use Only

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1381 jat' and 'give fire' for '8 praharas under it. On its getting cooled down, mit 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold: First put zinc in tamarind-salt and press ard wash it seven times, and purify it. Next make a cup of pai. 5 (out of zinc). Put mercury ta, twinto that thorn-piercing cup. Then fill up the juice of yellow Dodonae a Viscosa (Bandali) up to its brim and place a lid over it; give dipagni under, it (cup); go on giving 2 srs. of juice of yellow Bandali. Keep the juice up to the brim. After its cooking, when the brim bursts out, then go on mixing the pieces into the cup. When all burst out, then .combine all the pieces together. Make earthen lids, seal them up, seal them into a. saravasampura and give it fire of dry cow-dung cakes for 1 wa. Next on its getting cooled down, take it out. Mix that powdervalallinto 1. tola of copper. There becomes gold True according to tradition. Make a, cup of silver-1 tola, put 1 tola of mercury into it. Fill up sand into an earthen vessel, put the cup into it, place it (Vessel) on the furnace and give fire for 5 praharas under it. Give drops (tuya) of calotropis gigantea over the cup drop by drop till the cup and mercury become one, Next mix the essence vala 1 or' masa '1 into one tola of copper.s (There becomes gold). AN Make tat lump) of 1- 'sr. and rub it in the juice of Buba, (a kind of plant) 21 times, next rub it in the juice of Butea Frondosa (Kasurad 21, timesi The essence is accomplished. Mix 1 masa of the essence into thla op. copper. There becomes gold. Make, lime, of, oyster shell, mix a little mineral calamine as said before, give 30 gajaputa (fires) to the combination. Mix the essence-masa 1 into copper tola 1, (There become gold.). Make a feat of brass to. 5, combine together the juice of Butea Fiondosa and "that of citrus lemon and rub hamsapaka cinnabar ta. 3, sal-ammoniac, ta. I and mercury (tai 13 by combining mercury together. Smear the leaf lof' brass). Make a hole into a wood 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 40. 2. SRSS., Ch. 6. 1.. 3. SRSS., Ch. 6. 4. 4. SRSS., Ch. 6. 9. ', 5. Ibid., Ch. 6. 10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(100 ) 211 Tiit 1 1:27 of Butea Frondosa and cast it (leaf), Thus make a hole and close it and burn it for 4 praharas. There becomes gold. Combine some gold. There becomes jotaka (good combination or gold pieces)." Make a leaf of lead 1 sr. Make a hole into a branch of green Indian' tik tree and put it (lead) into the wall, give its garbha (combiumlayer or kernal ?) under and over; give (put) a small piece of cut, out brancht, (into that, 'holel, and a laver, of cloth and clay, over.it. Give it hathagni, There becomes gold. It becomes fit for putting on as household ornaments. !! 12 Crush cinnabar ta. 1, realgar ta, 1i, sulphur ta ,,orpiment to }, *ide of arsenic to. . borax to. j, surokhara (a kind of salt) (to.) }, and alum'to? s, make a pit of brick measuring cubic yard. Dig the pit to that 'extent in which the cup of medicine is fitted; keep 1 finger of earth below, crush the medicine and put its powder on the brick in that pit:'Put the cup of zito pai 6 bhar on it, put mercury pai. 3 bhar into it' by turning over; turn over the cup with light (gentle) hand, put the medicine on that brick and the cup upside down (turned over) on it. Crush Brick' and close the joint (gap); go on giving Pumibhadu of the juice of lemont 'over' it. i.d. sodk cotton with the juice of lemon and put it on the cup till the cup brusts into pieces, while making fire; keep up to that. First give fire little by little. Next on the second day give it fite more and more till the cup breaks up in 3/4/5 days, up to that go on giving (applying) "wet cotton soaked in lemon juice over it. Next mix I'masa of the essence With 1 hola of copper. There becomes gold.3 Pour zinc 1 sr. in the urine of ass 108 times. Mix both in the wrigo of ass till there remains only pai. 2 bhar of zinc. Combine together 1 masa of the essence and i tola of.copper. There becomes gold.* Keep green Cadaba Farrinosa Forsk (teliokand), in oil for 4 days. Keep oyer it ta. 1 of oil more, put lead 1 st. and Cadaba Farinonsa Fotsk, sr. There becomes gold." Make pieces of sulphur and put them into a hole of a big citrustlus colocynthus by making it, press a lid (daveta) into its mouth by putting the gir 1. SRSS.. Ch. 6. 10. 2. SRSS., Ch 6. 14. 3. SRSS.; 6.19. 4. SRSS., Ch. 6. 21. 5. Ibid., 6.22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 (kernel) of it and close it; cook it in the fire of 4 or 5 pieces of cow-dung cakes. Thus cook the same in new and new citrus colocynthus 108 times. Mix mast of the essence with one tola of copper. There becoms gold. Giye 64 putas (roasting) to cinnabar sr. with the juice of Sakandara (Sohagali) sr. It. is a great piercer; crush Sakandara which is Soragali and mix it with cinnabar, get it dried up; give 64 putas to it in this way; crush the copper-piercing cinnabar t 5 and cissus quadranqularis (Hadasakala) and put the mixture into an earthen vessel. Put pieces of cinnabar into it. Cover ta. -5, cissus quadrangularis (Hadasakala) with the second crucible and wrap it up with a piece of cloth; give, (put) it 2 or 3 layer of clay (cloth) over it. Make powder and lump of pieces of dry cowdung cakes by breaking it up; make the powder of dry pieces of cowdung cake equal and give over it. Next make fire. On its getting cooled down, again make 2 earthen vessels of the second Hadasakala. As explained before, give fire of 2 pieces of cowdung cakes, if small, give 21 pieces, not more. By this way give 12 putas, give 125 putas, then the essence is accomplished. Mix copper ta. 3 and 1 rati of the essence. Meet silver ta 1 and put 1 rati of the essence into it. There becomes. gold.1 Cut black Bhodala (raw mica) like silver (coin), crush it and make silver. Next spread out 1 masa of silver on 1 tola (of mica leaf), give (place) them layer by layer the leaf of mica, over it. (Put) surokhara (a kind of salt), over the leaf, again surekhara, over it the leaf, again surokhara, again the leaf. Put them in a paper vessel on a light lid (sarava) and sprinkle water; give heat to them a little with four cakes of dry cowdung. There becomes gold." 140 Sulphur becomes white by grinding. Melt it and heat (it), grind it in silver, put the medicine. There becomes gold of 11 carats.3 Make the essence of sulphur ga. 1, realgar ga. 1 and mercuyr ga. 1. Make a leaf of lead and smear it with the essence; give it 3 putas (raostings) to the leaf of lead. That lead gets killed and (gets) converted into Silver ga. 4 & gold.* Make pieces of copper ga. 32, and sulphur ga. 1, just like the size of zyzyphus jujube (bora) give them 7 putas by wrapping them with a piece 1. SRSS., Ch. 6.26. 2. SRSS., Ch., 6.28. 3. SRSS., Ch. 6.40. 4. SRSS., Ch. 7.11. 5. SRSS., Ch. 7.19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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of paper. Next bring i maund cunokali (Time), give half of it under and half of it over that thing, put sulphur in between them, put a cover lid) over it and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Next place it into the furnace (Nibha) of a potter. When the furnace becomes cool, take it out. Take out 2 handfuls of lime. There becomes bright sulphur; when the paper gets burnt, take that. Then combine that sulphur, and sulphur of the market ta. 1 and mereury ta. 3 by crushing them. * Make cake by crushing them in a mortar. Mix 4 ratis of Pithi (cake or paste) into 1 tola of silver. There becomes 11 carat-gold. Melt it by mixing the powder (dust) of copper' just equal to silver. There becomes 10 carat gold.? Give 24 saturations of waler of sal-ammoniac (to gold). Next put it into a glass casket, then pour X kadapani (grass-water ?) into an earthen vessel, put the casket into the body of dhakhoy, lit fire under it, heat it till there becomes water, then take it. Make the water of mercury double than all things of the casket. Then combine both the waters. That is, Rasa, (essence) is accomplished. Melt 1 tola of the Nepalese copper and mix with it 1 rati of the produced rasa. There becomes 14 carat-gold.3. 3 Liquety lead 1 st. and give drops (Cuya) of Alata." It is to be stirred up with a wooden piece of Butea frondosa. When the whole thing gets reduced to ash, take it out. Next melt silver ma. 2 and the essence ma. 2 together. There becomes gold. Combine purified mercury ga, 10 and put them into an earthen vessel, place it on a furnace, give 14 cuyas (droppings) 'of 1x Hamasapali" to the mixture, stir it up with the wooden piece of Butea frondosa or Ailanthus excelsa Roxb (Aradusa). Smear the essence on the leaf of copper bha. 12 and silver vaa 8 and melt them, There becomes gold.8 1. SRSS., Ch. . 7.25. 2. Ibid. 2x not clearly explained in the absence of, commentary, 2y not identified.. 3. SRSS., Ch. 7.26. X not identified, 3x Not identified. 4. SRSS., Ch. 8.1. 5. SRSS. Ch. 8.3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 Make equal parts of each of Rascgba (kind of metal)-1, Morathuthu (4 kind of poison)-1, mineral Calamine 1 and combine three-silver bha, its copper bha. 1 and powder of Rasegha, etc. bha. In put them on fire, in a vessel, put cinnabar vala 2 after their melting. There becomes gold. If pegami sal-ammoniac is available, put 2 tolas of it and take the previous action. The test of pegami is that copper which is given over the sup, upside down becomes. gold.? Pound these theree bhajis - (vegetable) of* Vasana (not identified)-1 agiu (not identified) 1 and lajaluchatiu (not'identified) in mercury, next rub them in a mortar for 4 praharas; 'give it (the combination) fire of 4 dry wild.cowdung cakes in a Saravasamputa. Mix 1 tola of copper (?) with 1 rati of the essence, (gold). 11 Fix lead and gold, and iron with Alangium (Akalakaro) 1 and Amary. Ilidaceae (Curculiog orchioides=Musali) 1, make pill just to the size of gram with the juice of betel leaf... First make lead purified, remove its blackness. Melt that lead-st. and make a hole, crush orpiment j sr,, rub it in the juice of garlic and Aloe vera, rub it in the juice of Aquilaria agallocha (Hamsapadr) for 3 days, rub it for four ghadis (4x24=96 minutes). Put it into a bottle and place it in a Valukayantra, give it fire for 12 praharas, change 3 bottles Rub Pra. depo (Kho?) (not identified) in a mortar, put it 1 or 5 times. again change 2 bottles; the essence becomes red. Rub pradepo (not identified) fourteen times. Melt trapu (a kind of tin) 'sr., pur it into the curd made of milk of she-buffalo 7 times. Next heat pork sr. in these two bottles in a Valukayantra 'on fire for 1, "praharas. There becomes gold. If there is no bottle, do 'it' in a small pot. . Rub Padamokhetha (not identified) sr. and patritala (not identified) sr. in horse-urine' for a day. Next put 5 srs. of Surokhara into an earthen 1. SRSS., Ch. 8.8. . 2. SRSS., Ch. 0.19 x It may be identified with Cocculus hirsutus Suls. 3. SRSS., Ch. 8.23. 4. SRSS., Ch. 8.33. 5 Thid For Personal & Private Use Only

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143 vessel, give copper and orpiment under and over it. Close the mouth of the earthen vessel by giving a good seal to it. Then give it fire for 3 days, there becomes gold. Rub the bile of goat tola 1 and mercury ta. 2, for 1 day, reduce them to paste (i.e. rub them) in the juice of Abua (Shim?) for 21 days, rub them in the juice of lemon and put copper tola 1 into sweet Tanner cassia (Cassia auraculator) (auli), mercury gets fixed. Mix the juice of Wedalia calendulacea (Bhangra) in the oil of Anacardium (Builama) and pour it into the combination of mercury three times. Turn up him (gula) (Cinnabar) into Indrana (not identified) 120. (times) (and) into ripe Aegale Marmelos 120 (times). 1 Rub Su. Po. sa., (not identified), ra (ja), (mercury-ma(sa) 6 and sulphur ma. 6 in the juice of Aloe vera for 2 praharas. Smear the leaf of brass to. 1 with it, give it Saravasam(puta) fire of 2,3, and 4 srs. (of cowdung cakes), give it 3 patas (roasting). Next give it Molo (not identified) (?) (There becomes gold by half Jotakam. (combination) Take milk of swine (She pig) pai. 8, grind salammoniac pain, red alum pai, put milk into a copper pot and cook them, they become powder.) Rub 1 masa of it, mercury to. 1, sulphur to. 1, orpiment to. 1 (godants), hamsapaka Cinnabar to. 1, realgar to. 1, ash (khar) of gram to. 4 in the juice of 100 lemons, (Kagadi), heat the leaf of zinc pai. 4, bhar and quench it in the essence of those things. Thus do it 21 times. volui ged or Next crush Hiradusana (Calanus draco) pai. 2 in the urine of cow!) Next by heating and heating the leaf of copper, liquid (essence) of those things, thus 21 times. T quench it in the thick Next melt 1 tola of copper, put 1 tola of zinc into it. Ba ma (not? clear). Next give tips of gum of gadhia palas a (Butea frondosa); gold will be yellow colour3, Mix hemavarga (gold) into mercury, rub it in the juice of Aloe vera for 3 praharas. Put its paste into the bulb of onion. Repeat (do) the previous action (process). There becomes gold. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 8. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 30. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10.39. 4. SRSS., Ch. 10. 41. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Rub mercury in Kamoni (a kind of vanaspati) having black branch for 14 days. After getting it dried up, wash it like butter or sand. Take an earthen pot, drench (dip) kalicuno (lime) into 5 srs. of urine of a small boy. Take the water of upper portion of it. Drench natron 1 sr. into that, water and take the water of upper portions of it. Drench the bark of the root of Pomegranate-1-sr. and the leaf of Henna (Mehadi) (lawsonia alb)., drench the root of Sambhalu (quash) into it. By making the essence (liquid substance) of these, three, drench sulphur 2 srs. into that essence. Place it on fire. Oil comes over it as cream, take that (it). Apply it to the leaf of silver, gold.' Combine these three=the powder of Nagareta (particles of lead ?) pai. 3. cinnabar pai. 1 and the dust of dead earth-worm pai. 2. Rub them together in the juice of lemon; give 21 putas to the whole thing; 21 putas of the juice of the leaf of Indian teak tree. Next give a layer of cloth and clay over a samputa by putting the whole thing into it and keep it in the culha agami (agamari of oven) for 21 days. At point heat touches (it); at some point it does not. Next take it out, the essence is ready. Combine copper leaf and dung: 'of buffalo into salt by tadabadai (mixing ?) them, thus 7 times: Next keep it in the juice of amathi (pomoea) for two days. " Next melt that leaf tola 1, put i masa of the essence into it. Put the juice of lemon-jasak into it. The sacrifice of Anarudhir (not identified) is to be given into it. There becomes gold from the chemical action (Karmabhavat). 2 Rub mercury in the juice Kallara (red Potus ?) (Celsia Coromandeliana) for two days, next rub it in the juice of Ubhi rigani (Sankrit-Brhati= Solanum indicum) for 1 day, next rub it in the milk of Kantah Thohara (Euphorbia nivuila). Next put it into the patha (leaf ?) of green lumpy Aloe vera, put over it a layer of wax and cloth and make putapaka (cooking by puta) in a Bhubhar-yantra. On stirring (it) up, there becomes gotaka (ball), rub it into the fruit of Ubbi rigami (Solanum indicum) and give a little fire to it till the juice gets 'dried up. Thus (give) putas 108 (87). 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 56. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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145 Tako rasa (mercury ?) by making it wet with the lemon, with two rasas (juice) of Nagachikani (centipeda orbicularis), grind it into them and give it fire little by little; gotaka (pill) gets bound. By taking out the juice of centipeda orbicularis, rab mercury, alum, oxide of arsenic (malla) cionabar in equal quantity and cast the whole thing into a crucible. Put first mercury, next leaf, next cinnabar, next alum and next put the juice of Centipeda orbicularis. At first black smoke will come out (due to their chemical action). Next at the second time when rasa mercury) is mixed up, then blue smoke comes out. At the third time, on mixing tasa (mercury ?) white smoke comes omt. Next take out the whole thing pill is produced. next melt it by muting tla (trapu), next, it is very hard, give borax into it for the second time and melt it, ball sucks water on turning up. Having pas charcoal by the side of crucible, make phukavuja (not identified); grind the essence, mix it up. There becomes (gold) ?) No doubt were." Grimer sulphur ta. 5, sal-ammoniac ta. 5. and honey ta 10 with the arind of a child for seven days in an earther pot with the but (piston of wood of safratut ka kind of Vanaspatt). Next put silver into the essence by melting it. There becomes gold." Combine sulphur sr. and green vitriol ta. 10; give 108 putas of Aloe vera to their essence on fire, next mix 1 tota of copper and I rati of the estende.3 (Gold ?) Grind sulphur ta. 3, orpiment ta. 3, cinnabar ta. 3, Vermillion ta. 3, mercury ta. 3, golden pyrite ta. 6, Dalimasara (Essence of punica pa r 1, zime ta. 3, borax ta. 3 and glass ta. 9. Spread out glass powder under and put the powder of medicines ones, put the leaf of zinc over it. Again put medicine, again cover m u ss (powder), cover it up with seal, give it fire for 11 praharas. There becomes gold.4 Cook Rala (resin a kind of wax) and borax in the juice of lemon for 2 praharas; put the essence into copper, cook rala alone and give water, it becomes gold.5 2. SRSS., Ch. 11.13. 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 24. 1. SRSS. Ch. 11.11. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 22. 5. SRSS., Ch. 11. 24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 Give 3 putas of Datura to mineral calamine ta. 4, 3. putas of Kamoti (a kind of vanaspati), 3 putas of Achyranthus aspera (aghada) and 3 putas of turmeric to it. Make a copper leaf ta, 4, grind the medicine in the oil of Anacardium ta. 4 and smear the leaf with that; give it fire in a closed crucible for 6 ghadis (6x24=144 minutes) by melting it. There becomes gold. Cook cinnabar ta. 1 in the clarified butter to. 21, curd to. 21, honey to. 21 and sulphur to. 21-thus in 84 tolas of these things. True. There silver (becomes), gold.? Cook together sulphur pai. 1, sal-ammoniac pai, 1 and honey pai. 1; mix 1 rati of the essence with silver to 1.3 (Gold ?) Rub an egg of a hen in the rasa=(mineral) of sulphur pai 1 and sal-ammoniac pai: 1. Fill the whole thing into the case of the egg, give it fire (dipagni)-dipa Jyoti or cook it in the oil of linseed in a Dolikayantra. Mix the essence 1 rati with silver to. 1,+ (gold ?) . Grind sa mgharaph (cinnabar) ma. 6, seed of Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), mineral calamine, seed of croton tig-ma 6, borax ma-6, copper ma. 6 separately and combine them together; put of the whole thing under, j of it over, the leaf of copper in between, (then) heat it in a closed crucible for 6 ghadis (6x24=minutes). There becomes gold." Make a lump of mercury and zinc, and rub them in the juice of white oleander (Nerium odorum) for one prahara. Close the copper (plate) by smearing it with the essence. (Gold(r) ?), Rub mercury, lead, cinnabar and sulphur in equal proportion in the juice of Aloe vera and heat the essence in a copper samputa (Sarava=lid) on fire of coal. There becomes gold. Rub mercury and lumb of zinc in the juice of lephantopsus: (gobbi) (scaber), close sulpbur 1, realgar 1, cinnabar 1, green vitriol, red orchre 1 in a copper samputa (sarava): Give it fire of coal, (gold).S. 1. SR$s.. Ch. 11. 25. 22. SRSS, Ch. 11. 30. 3. "SRSS., Ch. 11. 34. 4. Ibid., Ch. 11. 35. 5. SRSS., Ch. 11, 36. 6 Ibid,, Ch. 11. 37. 7. SRSS., Ch. 11. 38. 8. Ibid., Ch. 11. 39. os For Personal & Private Use Only

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141 Rub cinpabar 1 and suro (Khar) with the juice of lemon and give it 21 putas. (roastipgs) and fire for 4 ghadis (4x24 minutes=96 minuts). There becomes gold. Quench the leaf of brass in the oil of Butea frondosa or dry, it up by smearing it with the oil of Butea frondosa. There becomes gold. .: Rub all these five Helioleris isora (Muradarasimga) masa 5, cinnabar ma 5, yellow sqmala ma.5, mercury ma. 5 and borax ma 5. for 1 prahara. Next cover the whole thing for 8 days; do thus by rubbing the things every day. Next bring a leaf (dadavo), of black Bhodala (abhraka= mica) and make a good crucible by boring a hole into it. Make smearing on these two crucibles with good chalk. Next fill medicines into them). Next give cuya (drops) of the juice of lemon and shoe flower =Hibiscus rosa=Sinnusis Java (Jasula) into them by drops for 4 praharas. Apply 1: srs. of it in this case; mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper and heat them into an open crucible. There becomes gold. 3 . Make a lump of copper ma 1. and zinc ma. 1 (together). Pour the mixture into the milk of Fuphorbia nivuiia seven times. Next pour it into the juice of Aloe vera and turmeric seven times; next grind borax ta 1 and Thutho (a kind of poison) ta. 1 and give half of it under and half of it over (that mixture); heat it on the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes, put it into a small earthen saravala. There becomes gold. 4. Purify (copper) leaf pai. 1 bhar with the essence of mineral calamine pai 1, borax pai; 3. mercury pai. 1 Wedalia Calendulacea pai. 1, golden turmerio pai:. 1and oil of Anacardium pai. 11 by finely grinding all them separately. Next rub mercury in the oil of Anacardium; when they become one, (i.e. mixed) then put mineral calamipe. Next put borax, next mix all, and grind in a Mohaka (Datura ?). Next give 1 tablet (of the combination) under (and 1 tablet over the leaf); thus put them layer. by layer. Then heat it in a close crucible upto 6 ghadis (6x24=96 minutes). There becomes gold. 1. Ibid., Ch. 11. 40. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 41. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11.2. 2. 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. II. 3. 5. SRSS., Ch. 11. II. 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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1 Rub somala (oxide of arsenic) in the juice of Horse radish. Rub these two together the inner bark of Horse radish tree and cow's milk powi. S bhar, and take out the juice, rub Somala, next make a pill to it, put it into an earthen crucible, give it gajaputagni of goat's dung 5 srs. Every day give it fire for 21 days. This process dries up the water of morcury and tin, mix paisa 2 bhar (of copper) and 2 ratis of the essence. (Gold ?)* Keep orpiment 8 srs. and red Abrus precatorius sr. dipped in the milk of she-goat and take out oil in patalayantra. Next put mercury 1 into a zinc-cup of 2 srs., make that cup drink (l.c. dip) into the juice of lamprachoenium micro cephalum (Brahmadanni)-2 srs. Fill oil into it, put lead (Nada (ga) in between Sambhara luna (salt) 3 srs. by crushing it, put the cup over it, fill the oup with that oil, place the earthen bowl over that cup. Fill 15 srs. pf Sambharaluna over that, give fire under it for 12 praharas, give (mix) 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola copper. Gold?). Put the juice of Bugo (a kind of plant) 1 sr. and mercury 1 sr. into an iron pot, give it fire for 5 praharas, give cuya (drops) to the whole thing, Stir up the root of Buge. If 11to(las) of tin are mixed into lead, there becomes gold." Put mercury pai 1 and zinc pai i into a copper Samputa and fill it up with the juice of Ipomaea reniformis and close the Samppta and give it fire.8 (Gold ?) Rub orpiment pai. j, mercury pai. 1 and samgharaph (cinnabar) pai. 1 in the juice of centripeda orbicularis and juice of lemon. Make a Hole in a brick and cook them into it; give caya of lemor juide to the whole thing. Mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola (of copper ?) (There becomes gold ?) Take a thick piece of cloth of cloth measuring the length of 1 cubit 'square. Give it 6 saturations with the milk of calotropis gigantea. Apply sr. (to) it. Thus on the seventh day there becomes blue (or greeg) cloth (nslaja vastra). Take sr. of sulphur and these five kinds of seeds-pai. 1 bhat of mustard seed, pai. 1 bhar of tin seed, pai. 1 bhar of Mesua ferrea x. SRSS,, Ch. II.5. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 10. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 11. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 14. 4. Ibid., Ch. 11. 2. 15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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149 (Himawani#Nagakesar), pai. 1 bher of Momordica Divea (Kanyadibija) And pai. 1 dalas af cadotropis gigantea arkabaja). Apread them out over the cloth and pour Kathoni (thick piece of wood ?). Make it (cloth) wet with the mustard oil. Trakudo Kboine (not identified), koep the piece in one place, it gets melted by the contact of fire. Next melt silver to. and copper to tape drop (of the essence) is to be cast into that; when all copper gets decayed (assimilated), then silver becames gold." Put molassess 2 (parts), sulphur 2 (parts), lime 4 (parts), gorocana (a scented thing)-2 parts, and a leaf of zinc into an open crucible. There becomes gold; (if) next give that zinc into copper. Put Dathiu sulphur ta. 3 into a small copper box by grinding it, mix rice like pieces of zinc ta. 3 into it. Spread out sambhara salt 3 ratis by pounding it. Give (put) a cover (lid) over the small box and a layer of clay. After drying up the two, give it heat into the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-7 srs. On its getting cold, take it out. The grains of zinc like pearls become gold, take it.3 Take mercury tola 39, zinc ta. 41, teliu borax ta 49, the juice of Aloe vera (ta) and the juice of black Cirupoti (ta); (Cirodi ? Esarcostemma brevistigma), Purify mercury in jhika, (not identified) in the juice of lemon for 3 days, next melt lead and zinc together, next make a lump with mercury. Purify amalsar sulphur in mustard oil, and quench it. By closing all things into a copper samputa (lid) fill the juice of cirapoti and the juice of Aloe vera into a copper box (dabi) and close it, Wrap it up with iron wire, make a smearing over it by combining brick, sweet, fiag root. old boha (bodha ?=Ballan vine ?) and molasses and crushing them. give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it, dry it up for 3 days, give it gajaputagni for 4. praharas on its getting cold, take it out. There becomes gold. Take Samkhiu somala (oxide of arsenic) and mercury in equal portion. Rub them in the milk of Tridhara and Caudhala Thohara (Euphorbia 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 20. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 21. 3. Ibid Ch. 11. 22. 4. SRSS.. Ch. 11. 2. 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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150 nivuiia) for 1 day and in milk of Calotropis gigantea for 1 day. Making pills of them, put them into a Samputa, give (put) salt under and over them, close the joint (gap) of sampuga (lid) and put over it 3 layers of cloth (and clay); next put coal for 44 ghadis (44x24=minutes into furnace), when red flames come up, i.e. pour it into fire). Mix pure coppe and I masa of the essence bija (citrus medica ?) 3 masas. There becomes jotaka of 16 carats. (Gold). .. . ; . . Rub somala to. 3 and mercury ta. in the milk of cocoanut, next put the whole thing into a green cocoanunt, give dato (cover) of five-leaved chaste three (Nagadi), make smearing of the joint (of the cocoan ut), put 7 layers of cloth and clay, mix the goat-dung and cowdung, and give it gajaputagni with their mixture for 4 praharas. Mix 1 sati of the essence with pure copper tola y, combine bija (essence) masa. 3; sri (Wealth) is produded.? (gold ?) Rub Samkhio somala (oxide of arsenic) to 1 and mercury ta. 1 in (the juice of) lemon for 3 days. Put borax masa 1 into them, make balls (or pills) of them, make a hole into a brinjal, put the whole thing into it and close it up. Mix 1 masa of the essence with 1 tola of copper, bija (essence) masa 3. Jotakam. (Gold pieces) Rub mercury ta. 12 and leaf of silver ta. 12 with lemon for 2 days. Next put the whole thing into a cocoanut, close its mouth, give (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Fill an earthen jar with sand, put the cocoanut into that, close the mouth of the jar. Dig a pit measuring 2 cubits, give it fire by putting goat's dung-4 maunds, i under, over it, in between the jar for 10 and 12 days. Next take it out. There become golakas :(pill). Iffit drinks (assimilates) milk, it is accomplished: If it does not drink, it is trivedhi (piercing threefold). Mix i tola of copper and 1 rati of the essence; lead becomes gold by drinking milk. : ! ! ! Rub mercury to. 1 in the juice of Datura for 2 days. Next combine together Samkhu somala (oxide of arsenic) to. 2 with them and rub it in honey, next put the whole thing into small copper box of 1 + srs. and close it by putting the thing inio it. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 28. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 29. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 30. 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 39. For Personal & Private Use Only

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151 By digging a pit of yard (cubic), put 3 layers of cloth and clay * over it (box), give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes by placing it into the pit. Take the white thing which comes up, and mix 1 masa of that essence into 1 tola of copper. If sveta (white thing) does not come up. there is ash lying under, take that while mercury lying at the bottom becomes all-piercing., melt it, that melted water is the essence, dip brass in oil 7 times, then cast 4 masas of silver into of the essence,' pumavacani- (words of Puma). Melt (or heat) realgar 8 and kaganel (not identified) 83 and for 24 praharas (3 days), Mix 1 rati of the essence into silver vala, 1. There becomes gold of 13 carats." Cook realgar 33 orpiment 2 and cinnabar 29 in a Dolika-yantra for 24 praharas, mix the whole thing with Kaganel 6 srs. After performing 3 Bhairava pujas it is completed." Melt silver vala 1, put 1 rati of the essence gold of 13 carats. Test is experimented. 3 into it. There becomes Grind together Herpestes monninera vala 1. Centipeda orbicularis vala 1 or Herpestes 1.and Centipeda orbicularis vala and Centipeda' orbicularis vala 33, Mahia Varaha motika (soil) 30 srs., realgar 6, and Kanauji golden pyrite 6, mercury ta 6, cinnabar ta 6, go(damti) orpiment ta. 6, Dadamiu Malla (oxide of arsenic) ta. 6, sulphur ta 6=thus 42 ta and cast the whole thing in a vessel. After 42 days oil or their essence is to be taken out in a patalayantra. Smear the leaf of silver with that essence. (There becomes) gold. Give 65. patas (roastings) of citrus medica to cinnabar. Mix the essence ga. 1 into copper vala 1, (gold) Rub together cinnabar ta 1, Phitaki Malla (oxide of arsenic) 1, sulphur 1, Mastaki (Distacia Lentiscus) and seed of Luffa chinata Kukada vela) 1 in the juice of Aloe vera ta ; e. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 40. 2. SRSS., Ch. 12, 7. 3. Ibid. Ch. 12. 8. 4. SRSS., Ch. 12. 9. 5. Ibid., 6. SRSS. Ch. 12. 10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 Rub cinnabar 1, Haramads 1 (Peganum Haramala ?) and Arkakoila (C lotropis) gigantea ?) 1 in. white brinjal and get the whole thing dried up in the shade. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it and give it fire for 12 praharas. Mix the essence vala 14 into copper ga.1', (gold). Rub in sr. and mercury ta 6 (rum) kam (not identified) with juice of Euphorbia Pilulifera and the juice of lemon in equal portions. Smear the essence on the copper leaf 21 (times) and dry it up in the shade and give it i6 putas in the sun. Next melt it, gold' (i.e. there becomes gold). Grind vatalapanni suvanaphuli, phali, so (Bergenia liqulata) having golden flower and fruit, with root and branch. Its juice is produced from ouly one. One elephant remains at the door, that is, gold is produced by some chemical process. Rub all these-mereury pala 5, sulphur-pala 10, Kaganela pala 25, put the whole thing into an old pot and close it up. Place it inside a furnace for 6 months. Do like that so that the heat of fire affects it. Give (apply to) silver de . (There may be gold ?)* Cook tridhari Hadasamkali (Cissus triangularis) on fire for 21 days, next grind Kaneriu realgar and smear the leaf of zinc with it, give it layer by layer on the leaf. Put it into an earthen bowl and close it up, put 7 `layers of cloth and (clay) over it, put it in a valukayantra. Close it up, make mandagni (slow fire) for 8 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of silver. There becomes gold of 8 carats. Take phatakiu malla (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ga. 1, meretry ga. 2, thutho (a kind of poison) ga. 2, lime of conck shell (samkhi cum gr. 2 and 2 cups of tin masuring ta. 66. By making powder of the medicines, put it into one cup, next close its mouth by putting the second cup over it. Next rub green Vitrio in the milk of Vajr. (Euphorbia antiquorum), Smear it on the cup, next (put) 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next A the jar with sand, put the cup inside it fill sand over it measuring 2 fingers. Next seal up the mouth of the jar with a lid. Close it with day 1. SRSS., Ch. 12. 11. 2. SRSS., Ch. 12. 18 3. SRSS., Ch. 12. 19 4. SRSS., Ch. 12. 20 5. SRSS., Ch, 12. 26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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153 and give it fire for 2 praharas. The essence is produced. Mix the essence vala 1 into copper gadi 1. There becomes (gold) of 18 carates (Visva): Keep Cadaba farinosa Forsk (Teliukanda) in oil for 5 days, do it in such a way as four fingers get sunk. Next grind Cadaba farinosa with oil 1 r., mek s. of lead and put it into that mixture of oil, and Teliukanda. (There becomes) gold.? O d khara ash or (Salt) to. 3, turmeric to. 3, lemon juice to 3, melt zinc to. 1, go on putting the powder and go on putting the juice of leaves of 7. black datura, go on blowing ashes, thus go on putting juice up to 3 tolas. Mix 1 tola of copper with 14 masas of the essence; gold ? : Melt sulphar into a tapeli (pot), pour it into the juice of Bandali (Loranthus longifolia) 14 times, melt together copper and silver. Mix their combination gadi 1 with the essence vala* 1. (Gold). Grind together tin (Kalahi) 1 sr., 14 ratis of patri (not identified), pure orpiment ta. 3, Euphorbia pilulifera ta. 3, and green leaf of Lawsonia alb (Mahedi) and make pills. Next wrap up the pill or ball with thtead, then make a hole into a big ripe brinjal, put the ball into it and close the hole by giving (puiting) a piece of it into its mouth, put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it; get it dried up in the shade, next cook it, in the fire st 5 wd 7 dry cow dung cakes. Thus give 106 patas (roastings) to it. This is the essence. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 ga( d ana) of copper; (gold?) . 1. SRSS., Ch. 12. 57 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 7 3. SRSS, Ch. 13. 8 4. SRSS., Ch. 13. 9 5. SRSS., Ch. 13. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 Quench (mix) the juice of black ocimum gratissimum (Babari) into the juice of Aristolochia Indica (Tsvaralimgi), it will be like small pieces of bread. Next put sambharluna (salt of Sambara lake)-1 sr. into an earthen * pot, make it like a plain platform (cotaro), put candaki (bread-like thing) over it. Put it on the furnace, give sufficient juice to it up to 6 praharas. Again turn it over and give it the juice of lemon for 6 praharas, give it caya (drops), thus do it 4 times. That is, give it fire for 24 praharas. The der will be as such that it will fill the tip of fingers, that is, it is accomplished. Mix the esse noe vala 14 into 1 tola of copper. (Gold)? Grind mercury to. 1, sulphur to. 1, orpiment to. 1, golden pyrite to.. 1 and zinc sr. and make two cups (of zinc). Make this smearing on them, next make a smearing on the samputa lid inside and outside by grinding the salt. Put a cover of cloth and clay over it. Next fill sand into one bowl and put salt over it, put the cup over that, fill the pit with goat's dung, leave the cup over the bowl, fill goat's dung over it and give it fire for 3 days. Mix 1 masa of the esence into 1 tola of copper,' (gold). Rub mercury ta 4, lead to. 1, sulphur (ta) 1, and sal-ammoniac (ta) 1 in the juice of Diospyros peregrina (Timbaru) for 7 days. Put the whole thing into a bottle and give it fire. Mix 1 rati of the cssence into I tola of copper. (Gold ?). Take the powder of gajaveli (iron) which gets attracted to magnetic stone. Take clarified butter, honey and borax in equal portions to that (gajaveli), put it into them by drenching it up to 21 days. Next put it in, a crucible and cover it with coal and heat it till it becomes red. When it becomes red, put (pour) Dudimiu Somala (oxide of arsenic) ta. 1 into it little by little. On putting it 16 (times), there becomes liquid, then take it out. Next melt copper 1} bhar and mix the essence vala 4, 13 carat (of gold ?) is produced." Fill Sonehalirasa (a kind of plant) pai. 3 into a cocoanut shell having water by boring it; put mercury pai. 1 bhar into it and seal it up. When 1. SRSS., Ch. 13. 23. * 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 25 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 4 4. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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155 (it is) put into the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes-basket I, if it burns quickly, put cowdung 2:(baskets), next again put 5. Thus increase and increase, but do not put cowdung at a time. If put at a time, the cocoanut bursts, give it fire for 8 praharas. Put 7 layers of cloth and clay over the cocoanut. The essence is ready, mix 1 rati of it into 1 tola (of copper.)" (There becomes gold.) Make bread with the powder of wheat in the milk of Euphorbia nivuiia (Thohar), i.e. by mixing it with the milk of Thohar. Put the pieces of Samkhiu Somala (oxide of arsenic) into it (inside it), cook it and take it out. Next grind killed zinc and Malta (oxide of arsenic) together with the juice of lemon, next give it fire in an iron-copper samputa (lid). Mix 1 rati of the essence. (There becomes gold, ??) Quench an iron-leaf into Centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) 108 times. Ash of silver (i.e. calcinated ash of silver). Take the leaf of (silver) which falls out and grind it in the juice of centipeda orbicularis and give it gajaputagni, give (mix) tin into it. If there becomes red ash (Raktabhasma), mix one fati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes gold. Mercury, two medicines. quantum of fire, two earthen lids (are necessary for the process of alchemy). Now the science of chemistry and metallurgy covering the remaining demonstration will be discussed. The Jina who is like the full-moon-faced, seated on the throne with the family of samghay bright and white with the ray of omniscience, should be meditated upon. Two Jinas are white, two are black, two are red and lotus-coloured, two are emerald (green)-coloured and sixteen are of golden colour. It means mercury (white), mineral calamine (black), realgar (red), sulphur (lotus Coloured-yellow) and orpiment (green-coloured). 1. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 8 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 9 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 10 4. This gatha is metioned in the 1st chapter, V. 5. 5. It is mentioned the 1st chapter. V. 3 6. It is mentioned in the 1st chapter. V. 4 and explained in the 2nd chapter. Ch. 14. pariccheda Il. V, 1. 2. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 Copper with long gourd (Tumba gourd) is to be mixed with the root of Tidu (Cocceinia Indica), when the mixture is heated, (it), becomes gald. That is said by Jinendra. The things whose oil is desired to be taken out are as follows: Sulphur or orpiment or somala (oxide of arsenic) and others. That is also only one tola of each, camphor was considered before. Only 1 masa is to be taken and sal-ammoniac of the same quantity is to be taken. Next the wise casts them into a glass casket by combining them together. He should heat the whole thing on fire by his own hand. It becomes oil quickly-the best means of making gold. Smear the copper leaf with sulphur and beat it on fire and crush it completely. It becomes of yellow colour, instantly, no doubt.* Smear the silver-leaf with the oil or orpiment. The learned should do like that, there becomes gold immediately, this is experimented by the author; here no hesitation should be made." Cast orpiment measuring ten tolas into an auspicious (good) capper pot of three hundred tolas by grinding the thing (orpiment). Fill in there the juice of garlic having one granthi, measuring 250 tolas. And an intelligent man, having covered its mouth with a copper leaf, should select a testing ground not attacked (encroached) by the shade of trees. One's own shadow or others' is to be avoided. By digging a pit into the earth measur ing four cubits on all sides or by five cubits, fill it with the dung discharged by buffaloes, then place the pot there into the pit. Having filled it with earth, protect it by making a circular compound with thorny plants. 1. It is mentioned in the 1st chapter. V. 6. SRSS, See Ch. 14., V. 4. 2. SRSS., Ch. 14; Q. VV. 15-17 3. SRSS., Ch. I. Ch. 14. 2. 18 4. Ibid., Ch. 14. 2. 19 5. SRSS., Ch. 14. 2 19 6. Ibid., Ch. 14. 2. 20 7. SRSS., Ch. 14. 2 21 8. Ibid. Ch. 14. 2. 22 9. Ibid., Ch. 14. 2. 23-26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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197 Then the wise shohet see it arter that petiol) by taking it out. If the pot does not turn 'ychlew, again he should cast it there. Omian! wait for four months by closing the eyes. Then see it by taking it out, it is a gordum put.1 Take out or piment sticking inside the port with care. Then oil 'is to the pressed by means of Patatayantra. The very fine copper-leaf Sheared with that ott and heated in fire becomes gold. There is no doubt'. Take Pala of orpiment pieces by pieces, wrap them up with thirteen layers of cloth. Take 160 palas of the powder of lime, put of the powder into an eartheti pot by placing it Below with care and put orpiment into it by placing it as said before; give the powder of lime over also by covering with the remaining powder of lime. There every day water is to be cast into the things with care. Here the shadow of one's own or of any other man should not fall on it. A sbrigarice should be paid by one desiring his own welfare. After two months, having taken out that with welcome and rubbed it with the name of Alex vera in a mortal for three days, it should be rubbed like that with the juice of black Wedelia Calendulaca.3 Again rub it with the milk of white Caloropis gigantea for three days, and agaii rub it with the milk of Euphorbia merifotia, continue this process for twelve days, next cast that thing in the shape of gutika (pill) into the ash produced from the burning of the wood of Agvattha (Ficus religiosa). Thus cover it by casting, asir on it and put. (wrap) a layer of clay and cloth over it. The whole thing is to be kept in a place devoid of one's own shadow.. The wise should lit fire and heat it for thirty praharas. That gutika beoomes like ice, after that, there becomes gold as a result of melting of that essence measuring rati, into 13 palas of pure Nepalese copper by strong ftre: Orr worshipping the goddess Padmavati and saluring the guru also, thar gold' is produced immediately, which gratifies the desire. 1. SRSS., Ch. 14. 2. 27-28 2. Ibid., Ch. 14. 2. 30 3. SRSS., Ch. 14. 31-36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 when here gold is produced, half of it should be used in religious activity, then only there is suceess, otherwise one gets destroyed, The remaining thing becomes pure like the moon by the application of one hundred and twenty putas (roastings). It gets certainly powdered instantly by the pressing of the hands without any difficulty. Mix only one rati of this essence into only 1 karsa of the heated well-known Nepalese copper. Immediately it becomes certainly calcinated (bhasmatah). The ash can be applied to another copper leaf, that also again to another successively. This ash can thus be used seven times and eight times also. Gold gets certainly produced in that copper (i.e. copper is converted into gold). Here it is told by Jinadattsuri meditating on the two lotusfeet of Srimad Arhat for the benefit of the world. Second Section. Chemical processes for making silver. ar First kill tin (Vamga) with the stool (excreta) of a dog, put that tin into a plate, and rub orpiment, mica, poison, mercury and borax with the milk of Calotropis gigantea and Euphorbia antiquorum (Bhanuvajja). O king ! make the hill of silver. 3 : Another interpretation :- That is to say, first kill tin with the stool (excreta) of a dog, put that tin into a plate, put copper ta. 2 and silver ta. 2; combine them together; put tablet (of tin ?) on them, again put tablet (of it) ta 2, close the samputa (lid) and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. On its getting dried up, give it gajaputa (roasting) in fire in a pit of 1 sq. yard for 1 or 2 praharas. After the whole thing gets cooked, take it out, mix the essence into one tola of copper. There becomes gold. 4 Rub mercury pai. 1 in the juice of Krakaca, it become's like leech annelid. Next give tuya (drops) of its juice-5 seers (to copper), it certainly gets coloured. It is said by Vallabhadasa "It was quenced in its juice-1 seer. It was prepared according to my own conception. Tin combined with 1. SRSS., Ch. 14- 37-43 2. SRSS., Ch. 14. 66. 67 3. SRSS., Ch. 1. 34 4. SRSS.. Ch. 2. 1.34 (Comm.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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lead becomes hard silver in the juice of Lumprachoenium microcephalum and gloriosa superba (Jalapipar). The combination of tin 1 part, mercury-2 parts, lead-1 part, lac generated from plumb tree-4 parts, symplocos racemosa-4 parts (together); their blackness is removed. Rub the gathi (lump) of tin and mercury with sugar; their blackness is removed; it is to be quenced in the juice of picudi and Lamprachoenium and it is to be quenced in the juice of Amorphophallus campanulatus and Illiodendranaglacum. It is to be quenced in the juice of Ambrosia (Amrtvel) and Tinosporacodifolia galo guduci) or white gourd and onion and long piper.? Take equal portion (of each of) mercury, cyperus pertenulis (nagara) and mineral calamine; make them calcinated (bhasma=jaro) and kill them by giving Aloe perfoliata and plumbago rosia. Gandu says (that) it will be ana (not explained), silver will be of 10 carats (vanis).3 7 159 Take one part of tin, two parts of mercury. Blackness of these two is washed away in the juice of Symplos racemosa. Natha says: there is always Divali (light of victory or success and hapiness.)*. Take a piece of an old pipal wood which is found. Make powder of it by cutting (it into pieces) and crushing it, then infuse or saturate the powder with the urine of a male ass. Next mix tin with Pitetia Itegirinia (Navangi Kakadasing) and the spreading. Hogbid (Satodi vanaspati)." Infuse silver (Trilocanacunadi) (not explained) with the juice of Calotropis gigantea. This is the cunadi (formula ?) of Nagarjuna, it does not get destroyed by a year." Best (red) sulphur, well-cooked in internal smoke, becomes (powerful) for well piercing thousand times into silver, copper or lead." (It) is to be equally saturated with the milk (sap) of Euphorbia Tragonic (Vajri) like calamine (Kha) mercury (ra) realgar (ma.), borax (ta) 1. SRSS., Ch. II. 1. 49 (Comm.) 2. SRSS., Ch. 1. 1.49 (Comm.) 3. SRSS.. Ch. 1. 11 4. SRSS., Ch. 1. 19 5. SRSS., Ch. 1. 22 6. Ibid., Ch. 1. 23 7. SRSS., Ch. 1. 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 and orpiment (ha). (It is to be cooked on fire many times, (it) becomes bright like Kondula (Mograpuspa), it is true."... That is to say, take equal portion of these minerals and grind them. They are to be saturated with the milk of Vajra (Euphorbia antiquorum). Cast the whole thing into a varamstaranodar (a kind of vessel ?) with copper plate '(leaf); it is to be melted by heating it in a crucible. Then it is to be poured into the dung of buffalo, having dug a pit; it becomes silyet. Take two parts of brass, two parts of silver, two parts of carbonate of soda (natron), two parts of borax; give ovetakaca (white glass) over, and under. Rule over the earth sitting on it.. Take Savukhara (a kind of carbonate of soda), natron, oxide of arsenic, white glass (svetakada) and orpiment, get them dried up in the milk of Cuscuta reflexa (Amarbel). Testiry 17 carat-silver. . Combine one part of tin, 2 parts of mercury ta. 1, tin da. 1 (?). lead ta 1, lac sa. 2, (rala=yellow resin) and Symplocos racemosa tao 2and give (them) 3 gajaputagnis (3 roastings in fire lit in a pit mensuring : cubic yard). There becomes white lead or essence." Take six times of pure and best tin, 0 pupil! I say again and again, naix it with lac and resin. As a result there takes place hapiness. If the essence does not become silver, abuse me. Cast pearl bore of byter shell and tin into the path of Kanta iron, next mercury. Then Bhatagni is to be given below it (i.e. to give heat to the mixturt). As a result merouty Becomes silver. 1. Ibid., 1. 26 2. Ibid., Ch. 2. 1. 26 (Comm.) That is silver is produced. 3. SRSS., 1. 27 4. SRSS. Ch. 1.35 5. SRSS. Ch. 1. 53 6. Ibid., Ch. 1. 54 7. SRSS., Ch. 1. 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #354
161 Rub. Samkhiu somal (a kind of oxide of arsenic) tola 1 or 2 here with the milk of Banyan tree for 3 days. Next put the combination into a samputa (with two lids) and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Place it into the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes 10 or 15. Somala will become lime. If it is mixed into copper, it will turn into silver. If it is takenvala 2 or 3 in betel leaf, there will be an appetite; paralytic rheumatism goes away, if it is used. Make a combination of palevo Pasano (a kind of stone) and campakapasana (magnetic stone) in equal portion, infuse the mixture with the milk of Srivaksa for 1 prahara. A strong seal is to be given by rubbing it seven times. There becomes silver.? Give saturation of the milk of Thohar (Thora) to natron ta 3 and alum ta 3 and orpiment ta. 3; smear a copper leaf with their essence three times, heat it in a closed crucible. It turns into silver.3 Give cuva (drops) to white oxide of arsenic in the juice of castor leaf; give it fire to the extent till it swells, next heat it. This is the process of piercing of 16 parts. There becomes silver.4 . Melt oxide of arsenic in between the half part (!) of Aloe vera and get it fermented in the earth-(bhubhara yantra); give it 64 fires eight or seven or nine or ten times. Mix that essence vala 1 and copper vala 16, together. There becomes silver. Crush mineral calamine and red rock salt of equal quanty, mix the combination in the juice of Aloe vera, put it into saravasamputa (samputa of two lids), cover it up with a layer of cloth and clay, and give fire to it in a gajaputa (in a pit measuring 1 cubic yard). The essence becomes of vermilion colour. Next purify lead 6 times with 7 saturation of Citrus Lemon and 7 saturations with the juice of Thohara (Euphorbia). This is the process of purifying lead. Then melt it by giving (mixing) the essence vala-11. (1) into it. There becomes silver. 6 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 6x. 2. SRSS., 3. 10., 8. Ibid., 3. 11., 4. Ibid., 3. 12., 5. SRSS,, Ch. 3. 13. 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #355
162 Take cinnabar (sulphide of mercury) and zinc, make the leaf of brass thin, next crush the root of udad (a kind pulse-plant) (Taruska); make phinavada (not explained), put that leaf into Phinavada, fry the vada in the mustard oil, next make it cool. Then mix Suvarnantara (not clear) with the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagarjuni). Put mercury ta. 10 into an earthen pot and give cuya (drops) on it with five seers of Nagarjun juice. Mercury may or may not become hard. There becomes silver.1 Take Cissus quandrangularis (Tridhari hadasakali=Asthisamhari) - gadiyana - 3, melt trapu (a kind of tin) ta. 1 and put the juice of Tridhari Hadasakali into it. There becomes silver.2 First pour trapu (tin) into solanum yanthoearupum seven times. (Bhuirigani=Kantikari) seven times and into a bitter long gourd seven times. It becomes silver. 3 Keep the five parts (pamcamga) of white Tribulus Terrestris (gokharu) (fruit, flower, leaf, bark and root) in cow's urine for seven days. Next take them out, dry them up in shade. Crush them into powder, keep it. Then mix 1 tola of this powder into 1 seer of tin. There becomes silver. True. Make the leaf of zinc pai. 1. Next take lime pai. 5 and crush natron (saji) pai. Lay out or spread out portion of lime at the bottom and put natron over it and put the leaf over it. Spread out natron on it(respectively). Thus put them layer by layer (one layer after another successively). Again put natron; give portion of lime on it and put the whole thing into a samputa and seal it up, give fire to it for 12 praharas. On the cooking down of the burning cow-dung, take out the essence and give 1 masa of it into 1 tola of copper. There will be silver, combine part of silver. Jotaka becomes worthy for sale. Make ash by burning the five parts of while Visakha paro (Horse purslane) on an earthen pan. About sam sr. 3, or 4 sis. of urine of a boy & 4 sr. of urine of an ass are to be taken. Next put Kavala Bevadari (a kind of vanaspati) over it, put tin by pressing there, it becomes beutiful. 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 16, 2. Ibid., Ch. 3. 17., 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 23., 4. SRSS. ch. 3. 24., 5. Fruit, flower leaf, bark and root. 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 26., What is silver For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #356
Oxide of arsenic (Samkhiu malla) becomes quite white like a chalk. Take red and yellow Rekhai. i. e. Daninu samkhiu somala, (a kind of oxide of arsenic), Nimala of living oi man -- 1 angula (of 1 angula=finger), dalu of Kadani (not explained); crush nimala (piece of finger) on the latter and approximately it becomes koda, (Katha), wrap oxide of arsenic with that mala; next put it into a glass bottle. .... Then put it into an earthen pot, it becomes yellow, take it out. Next put 2 or 3 masas of it into 1 tola of copper. If half is taken, there becomes silver. If half silver is combined with it there becomes jotaka (good silver). If ornament is made of this jotaka, it can be used. If it is purified in Hndari musa (a kind of crucible), it becomes artificial silver. Take that while sulphuret of antimony (Saramo) out of which there comes by swelling fresh foam up like opium and like borax, it is put on fire. Alum and oxide of arsenic are of white colour. Put on them lime by drenching it. If a little lime becomes yellow, purify it and if that which becomes red, ferments alum, put that. Accomplishment of silver-making process.? ! Give the juice of such creeper whose leaf is like jali (net) and fruit is like liboli (neem) to tin. It turns into silver.3 eem) to tin. It turns into silver If tin is drenched into the juice of Jalajambu (Hijjal=elatine varti cileta), there becomes silver. If tin is put into alum, oxide of arsenic and copper, there becomes silver. Rub copper masas 2 with sand (particles), rub 2 masas of mercury and 1 masa of silver, keep them wet with water in Saktodake (a kind of chemical water). Kill zinc 2 masas in sravana day. Combine all together and melt (them) by giving (putting) borax under (them). They become white like soap. There becomes silver of 5 masas. 1. SRSS. Ch. 3. 28., 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 30-31 3. Ibid., Ch. 3. 32. 4. SRSS., Ch. 3. 34. 5. Ibid., Ch. 3. 35. 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 39. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #357
Reduce to paste mercury ta, 9 in sr. of the juice of Sarapamkha (purple tiphrosia) in a mortar. Next take it out by washing. Then put a big tablet (Thepali) of mercury into an earthen crucible and close 'it; give it geritle fire of 5 pieces of cowdung under and 5 pieces of it over it for 1 ghadi. Take it out on its getting cooled down. Mix rati of the essence into 1 tola of tin. Silver. True. 1 Reduce to paste mercury in the juice of the root of Kasumdi (Negro coffee plant) for 4 days. Next keep it in an earthen vessel for 4 days. Then put the powder of leaves of zinc into it, give 13 masas of powder (of zinc) into 1 tola of mercury. Put 1 masa of silver into that mercury after the powder gets melted. There become silver.? Take a wooden piece of green Butea frondosa Roxb, 1 cubit in length, 8 fingers in breadth. Make a cup of that, put into it kaviu sindur (vermilion) pai 5 bhar, by making small pieces, and the juice of ripe citrus lemon. Next put these three together into the cup and give a lid over its mouth. Put a layer of cloth and clay over the cup. Dig a pit and put that wooden piece into the ground; give it fire of wood of Spong tree (Khijada) and zyzyphus jujube for 11 praharas. There will be silver.3 Take milk of a she-camel giving the first birth before the time her calf has not sucked her milk. Next put a piece of Kathir (a kind of tin) just equal to the quantity of milk into that milk. When it gets dried up, take out kathir (tin). There becomes silver. Make the grains (sands) of zinc, put them into the bread of powder of Temala (not identified) and feed a he-goat for a day. Keep the he-goat hungry on the first day. Then on the second day feed it on bread. Take its dung, give puta to it into the juice of Gobhi (a Elephantopsus scaber) by dipping it for a day. Next put it into a fresh earthen vessel and place a lid into its mouth; make a hole on the lid and close it with chay, 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 43. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 44. 3. SRSS,, Ch. 3. 45. 4. Ibid., Ch. 3. 46. For Personal & Private Use Only

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165 give fire of dry goat's dung cakes underneath the vessel. There will be silver. Give 21 saturations of milk of She-sheep to the flower of white Butea Frondosa (Sveta-Palasa). Next melt tin by purifying it. Mix 1 tola of it with 1 tola of the powder of the essence. There will be silver. ? Make the leaf of tin (Kalahi) 1 sr. as thin as thorn-piercing. Next put it into an earthen pot and pouc the juice of citrus lemon on it by pressing up to part 1 with 150 citrus lemons. Next keep the leaf by washing. Then make fine powder of lime of oyster shell 2 sts. by crushing it. Then make a cup by making a hole into the main root of the wood of Salara (Shorea robusta). Then give the powder of lime of oyster shell under and over the leaf, give it layer by layer. Close the mouth of the cup, put a layer of cloth and clay; give it gajaputagni with fire of dry wild goat-dung cakes. On its getting cooled down, take it out. There becomes silver. True.3 If accomplished galija (a kind of mercury) mercury is found, put it into a crucible and put a little oxide of arsenic. Lit fire under it; go on giving cova (drops ?) of the juice of Lippia nodifiora (jala-pipar). Mercury will turn into silver. Salt, hara (not identified), alkali or caustics (Khara) are found in Madakaranakunna (pond) in the south. If there is brass 12 paisa bhara, take pai. 2, 6 bhar of salt and hara, alkali (Khara) of the same quantity of each. First, if brass is pai. 12, take swine's milk pai. 5 bhar. Smear the leaf (of brass) three times, give it fire. Next crush alkali with water, smear it (with it) and give it fire. Put it into a crucible and blow it into the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes up to an hour. On its getting cooled down, take it out. There becomes silver. Give 7 putas of the juice of brinjal to oxide of arsenic. Next give 7 saturations of gobhi (Elephantopsus scaber) to it. Then put (give) 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper by melting it. Copper becomes white, combine of silver, it is) good, (Srikara). 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 47. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 48. 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 54. 4. SRSS., Ch. 3. 62. 5. SRSS., Ch. 3. 64. 6. SRSS., Ch. 3. 67. For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 Rub oxide of arsenic and mercury each in equal portion with the pulp of seed of castor (Ricinus) for 1 prahara. Give the tablet of I masa of the essence into copper-1 tola, combine of silver into it; good silver. 1 Take oxide of arsenic 1 sr, combine together curd-water-2 srs. and the juice of citrus lemon sr., go on pouring the juice little by little on oxide of arsenic into a pot with an iron spoon and give fire under it; cook it by bhatagni (fire, quantum for cooking rice). Thus give it puta for 42 days in 2 srs. of curd-water and sp of citrus lea on on the fourth day or in the fourth puta (roasting) rub it (oxide of arsenic) alone one day for 1 or 2 praharas. That is, oxide of arsenic is accomplished. Stir it up with the spoon of sisam wood. Put the gloves on hands, do not take smok in the eyes. Next it is produced. Then put 2 masas of the essence into 1 tola of the copper. Make pills of silver masa. Melt copper and put one pill (of silver), next again there will be silver. Next by putting it into a a bottle, hang it on. If there becomes thuthadi (?). (there will be) silver. True. Bring sal-ammoniac, take an earthen pot of the shape of a water-jar : first spread out lime (Kalicuno=lime of snail shell) in the form of a circle, spread out sal-ammoniac over that (lime). Make a border (Palisi). Give lime over that, give fire under the earthen pot. When sal-ammoniac gently gets bubbled, put lime into it. When the bubbling stops, then it gets cooled down, take it out, rub the whole thing and put it into phukana (not identified) and close its mouth. Keep it into hot wates. Make fire below the pot. Take it out by keeping it for 1 or 2 ghadis. Put lime (Kalicuno) in one pot. Put the water of sal-ammoniac (into it) from phukana, which is there, into lime; give a seal into the mouth of the pot; put it into the furnace of a potter. Take it out after its getting cooked. On taking out the whole thing from the pot, crush it. Put it again into Phukana (blowing apparatus), bind (seal up) its mouth hard, pour cold water into the jar, put phukana into that. If it is kept for 2 or 3 ghaais, there will become water of salammoniac; pour it into a plate of china clay (Chinese plate) from that phukana; keep it in the shade for 1 or 2 days. It will become papa (parpati); keep that papadi in one place. There becomes the essence. Melt zinc and put sal-ammoniac into it little by little. At the time of filtering, put again sal-ammoniac vala 1 into zinc. There will be silver. 3 1. Ibid., Ch. 3. 68. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 69. 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 70. For Personal & Private Use Only

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167 Mix mercury pai 2; and oxide of arsenic ta. 1. Next put the whole thing into an iron pan and go on putting little by little the juice of Aloe vera with a spoon by taking out 5 srs. of it. Next take cow's urine 5 srs; put it little by little into that; when it gets burnt up (heated) wash it (the mixture) with water, then make a cup of gajavela iron; grind alum ta. 1 and orpiment ta. 1 into it; spread them over and under and put a layer of cloth and clay (over the Cup), heat it in fire of dry wild cowdung 'cakes for 4 ghadis, Mix 1 rati of essence into 1 tola of tin, it becomes silver. Rub oxide of arsenic tola 1-and grains (or dust) of silver tola 1 in the juice or elephantopsus scaber (gojihva) for 4 praharas. Next put the whole thing into a Dabadi (a pot) and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Give it fire of wild cowdung cakes in a pit measuring 1 cubic yard (gajaputa). On its getting cooled down, take it out. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Next pour it into cowdung, then crush salammoniac and salt (luna) together. O Desirer of silver, smear the essence on the copper-leaf and heat it in fire. Next pour it into amalasara sulphur, even if there comes up blackness, make it hot and quench it with the juice of cirapotika (a kind of plant.) That goes to be thus : 1 tola of it becomes new and pure true. Golakai (Combination) is produced by the grace of god. Make one bread of the fruit of Tamarind, make another bread of carthanus tinctorius (Kusambha), next make pieces of oxide of arsenic and alum like that of rice; get them parched in the 1st bread and put the second bread over it, close the border of the breads. Cook it in an earthen pan. The rotali (small bread) is produced with that. Put together copper ta. 5, best brass to 5 and silver ta 5, this essence-oxide of arsenic ta 5. There becomes silver.3 Melt-zinc 21 times in all these juices-urine of horse, urine of man, urine of ass, milk of calotropis gigantea, milk of Milk's Hedge, juice of Datura, juice of citrus lemon, and juice of Sabuni tejinayi (a kind of plant) and pour tt. Next whatever juice remains, melt that in a crucible. Put sal-ammoniac from above by filling with capuu (pot or finger), put it while melting sal-ammoniac, borax and salt (Khara), Kahri-that is. 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 71. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 74. 3. SRSS., Ch. 3. 102. For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 mineral calamine becomes pure. Next combine that mineral calamine 1 tola and silver 1 tola and melt them. Cover and put them in a crucible. That is, there become silver pieces of 18 carat.1 Takr sr. of powder of Jowar and sr. of powder of wheat-two combining, it comes to about 1 sr. Mix 1 tola of grains of Kathira (tin) into the mixture. Next make bread and feed a cock. Take its excreta. Mix that excreta into 15 srs. of the juice of Fuphorbia pilulifera. Take cuya (drops) into a patalayantra; give it fire, it falls down, that becomes silver." Give 21 putas (roastings) to raw salt with the juice of white Bandali and rub it. Next bind the tablet of mercury with Mora Thuthu (Thutha) (a kind of poison); spread that salt at the bottom in a crucible, put the tablet (of mercury) in the centre and give the salt over it. Seal up the crucible and give it fire for ghadi 1. That tablet becomes silve.3 Make lump of these four things-silver ma. 3, zinc ma 3, kathir (a kind of tin) masa 3 and lead ma. 3 and then put it (lump) into an earthen pot (or make tablets of it.) Next melt them and put 4 masas of mercury into it. Then crush 4 masas of samkhiu somala and burn it over 5 or 7 times and go one putting it into the mixture by tips. When the essence becomes smokless, take it out. That tablet becomes reduced to ashes. Melt silver ma 6 and brass masa 6, put this ash into the mixture. There becomes silver.+ Take white cinothi (Abrus precatorius Linn) and a wood of Myrolselan (Bahida) 2 srs, make a hole into the wood of Bahida and put the powder of Abrus precatoris Linn) into it, melt old copper into that, put it into its juice. Next take 5 srs. of lime, and its fire generated by sprinkling water, next make fire of dry cowdung cakes for 1 prahara and put it on it. Then take it out and filter the thing (essence). Put mala phitaki (alum) vala 2 into copper to. 1; silver is produced." 1. SRSS., Ch. 3. 104. 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 106. 3. SRSS., Ch. 4. 2. 4. SRSS., Ch. 4. 4. 5. SRSS., Ch. 4. 8. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #362
Purify zinc by melting it. If mineral calamine sr. is melted, there remains 1 pau from sr. 1.9=(2) of (the mixture). Take the juice of the root of Ajhijhara (a kind of vanaspati) 1 srs; mix 3 srs. of juice of the root of colocynth with it. Melt mineral calamine in an earthen pot. After melting, give coya (drops) to it by putting the previous juice and give it fire of the Wood of poplar-leaved fig tree (=Ficus religiosa) and it is to be stirred up by a wooden piece of pipal. The essence is accomplished. Melt together these three-copper, silver and the essence. There become's silver. 1 Rub all these together, mercury-Tola 1, oxide of arsenic tola 1 and alum tola 1 with curd for three days. Next put the lump into curd. Then take it out after 11 days and rub it in the juice of citrus lemon for 4 praharas. Next put it into a samputa and give a gentle fire of cowdung, for 4 praharas. On its being cooled down, there becomes the essence. Mix 1 masa of the essence with one tola of copper. There becomes silver." 169 Take sal-ammoniac, rub it in the juice of visakhapara (Pig weed or Horse Purslane) for 4 praharas. Next make powder of it by crushing it. Melt kathir (a kind of tin) and put sal-ammoniac into it. Sal-ammoniac will come up, remove it. Thus put sal-ammonic 3 or 4 times. There will be silver.3 Take water of Kathir (a kind of tin), put 1 masa of it into 1 tola of copper by melting it. There becomes silver. Water dries up (gets dried up), The means of making silver soft: Take out the root of white Visakhapara (Pig weed), take its bark and get it dried up. Keep it by making its powder. Melt that which becomes Phuta (not explained) dhata, (metal) and spread that powder over it. It will be soft. The substance is produced." 1. Ibid. 4. 9. 2. SRSS., Ch. 4. 13. 3. SRSS., Ch. 4. 15. 4. SRSS., Ch. 4. 16. 5. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only 2

Page #363
170 Make pieces of Luniv Somala Khara (a kind of oxide of arsenic) tola 1, cook (ferment) it in a Dolikayantra with the milk of she-goat. Mix the essence-1 masa into 1 tola of copper. There becomes silver. Place (give) Kalahi (a kind of tin) tola-2 and carbonate of potash under and over. Take out the juice of white cumin seed; go on giving its juice to them till they are quenched. Heat this combination, next heat it in a closed crucible. There becomes silver." Make kathir (a kind of tin) sr. and put it into oil and curd 2-7. times. Next put it into the juice of Neem seven times. Then melt tin in an earthen vessel. Put tamarind over it by crushing and pounding it. Secondly, lit fire, under it and cover it up with a lid over it. On 'getting burnt the content is reduced to ashes. It becomes dealdlike. Next put 4 vanis (things or 4 carats ?). Then take bhupalala (not explained) and rub mercury pai. 1 bhar. Next put it into samputa in a crucible and give a hard seal into its mouth; give it fire of the goat's dung for 4 praharas. It becomes white. Next mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes silver.3 Take mercury pai. 1, zinc pai. 3 bhar, blue thuthu (a kind of poison) pai. 1 and put them together on an oven and give them fire for ghadi-2. Mercury becomes fixed. Next make of it with zinc and mix silver-just equal (quantity) to it. There becomes good silver.4 Rub orpiment ta. 2, realgar ta. 2, sulphide of mercury (cinnabar) ta. 2 in mortar in the milk of calotropis gigantea for a prahara. Filter them a piece of cloth and cook them in Dolikayantra with milk for 36 praharas. Mix the essence-1 rati in Rang (a kind of metal). There becomes silver." Take mercury pai. 1 and zinc 14 srs. Put oil into an iron pan. Melt zinc three times. Next melt it seven times in an earthen crucible, quench 1. SRSS,, Ch. 4. 17. 2. SRSS. Ch. 4. 19. 3. SRSS., Ch. 4. 20. 4. SRSS., Ch. 4. 22. 5* SRSS., Ch. 4. 24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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171 it into the water of Triphala (Amalaka, Haritaki and Vahela). Zinc will be purified. Next mix 'mercury with it; combine of them with pure silver. There will be good combination. Silver--making Crush the leaf of zinc sr. and sambhara luna (salt of sambhara lake) 1 sr., give (put) them layer by layer. Put them into an earthen pot and a small piece of cloth into its mouth, give a seal on it, give it gajaputagni of (for) 21 praharas. Purify (wash) copper and mix 1, masa of the essence into 11 tola of copper. There becomes silver." Make powder by grinding three things. The powder of Adiantum (Triparna-mukhamali) mamgaphu pegami and sal-ammoniac. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of Copper. (Threr will be silver.)3 Take equal portion of each of these five things, copper bhar, zinc bhar, brass ; bhar, Kathir (tin) bhar and lead bhar. Make a closed crucible, combine these five together, put them in a crucible with the oil of linseed. Mix these five in a crucible. Put over them particles (dust) of piper beetle by taking the leaf of gangeri (Sida Spinosa), put and crush katho cuno (lime) and areca nut into the crucible. Give these five things over it. Close the crucible. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it; put it into coal of 10 srs., give it fire. On its getting cooled down, take the whole thing. Put the combination of the five things into 1 tola of copper and melt it. It will be gold. If the combination is given into kathir (tin), there will be silver. Apply the root or stem or juice of Clerodendron Siphonanthus and persian Ricinus communis to tin. There becomes silver. Mix sr. and sr. of the juice (of Brahmadandi and parasa Erandi) into i sr. of copper. There becomes silver by the mixture of these two. 1. SRSS., Ch. 4. 27. 2. SRSS., Ch. 4. 29. 3. SRSS.. Ch. 5. 9. 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 12. 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 21. 6. Ibid., Ch. 5. 21. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #365
Give the juice of Haranasuri (a kind of plant) by putting tin into a pot. There becomes silver. Put the juice of Lamprachoenium micro-Cephalum sr. into tin or zinc by melting it. There becomes silver.' Take sr. of the juice of white Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pilulifera) and give drops to mercury ta. 9 with it by putting in into earthen vessel. That mercury becomes lump. Mix 1 masa of it into I tola of tin. There becomes silver.3 The juice of sevenfold Datura dries up the water of vamga (tin)*. Give drops to mercury with the juice of Harina-Suri. Mercury gets fixed. There becomes silver. Bring Gymnosporia (Bokala) and 'get it dried up in the shade; crush it, cleanse it and make 2 srs. of its powder. Melt 1 sr. of tin 1 (trapu) and pour that powder into it. There becomes silver. Pour Tarun (Trapu) into the juice of Jalasi (a kind of plant) by melting and melting it. There becomes pure Silver.? True. Do it in the juice of white Trianthema crystallina (punarnava) just like that. There becomes silver. Combine together the pieces of oxide of arsenic (Somal) pai. 5 bhar and mercury pai. 5 and boil them in the water of curd made of the milk of ewe-15 srs. Mercury files up (disappears) and oxide of arsemic (Somal) becomes. wax (like). Rub oxide of arsenic and mercury in the juice of kakarumda (a kind of vanaspati) for 3 days. Next put the whole thing into a Dolikayantra. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. There becomes Silver. 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 23. 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 25. 3. SRSS., Ch. 5. 27. 4. Ibid., 5. Ibid., 5. 28. 6. SRSS.. Ch. 5. 33. 7. Ibid., Ch. 5. 33. 8. Ibid., Ch. 5. 34. 9. SRSS., Ch. 5. 38, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #366
173 Make lump of mercury, 1 orpiment 1 and zinc 1 having equal quantity of each and give 3 saturations to the combination with the juice of phyllanthus niruri; close it in a Samputa and put a layer of cloth and clay over it. Give khara (Salt or ash) under and over it. give it two fires. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of tin. There becomes silver.1 Make a leaf of gajaveli (a kind of iron) and drench (dip) it in the juice of Breynia potens or that of Kutari (Kakarasana) 9 times, and get it dried up and put it into a crucible. Heat it. Mix the essence ma. 1 into 1 tola of muha Kam copper. Make the leaf of gajaveli iron thus. Quench it into the juice of Breynia pateus by heating and heating it in fire. Break the leaf and crush it, give the powder of it vala 1 into (1 tola of) tin. There will be silver." Take , sr. of zinc and make its leaf in Sambhara luna (Salt), give Salt layer by layer into an earthen pot and close its mouth, give it gajaputagni for 1 prahara. Mix that essence vala 3 into 1 tola of copper, 1 masa into 2 tolas of copper. Otherwise combine equal quantity of each, if not piercing, there becomes silver.3 Make a thorn piercing leaf of copper. Put it into crucible and melt it. Put 1 tola of the essence just as before said. Next melt it and quench it. There becomes silver of 21 carat certainly.4 Now the process of purifying copper. Take mercury oxide of arsenic alum and godanti orpiment. Make copper purified, what does the samine do ? That is, gold or silver can be made. Like this wash (purify) copper and give vala 1 of somala (oxide of arsenic) into i tola of copper and quench the combination into alum. Combine silver with it. There becomes Jotakao (good pieces). 1. SRSS., Ch. 6. IX 2. SRSS. Ch. 6. 2 3. Ibid., Ch. 6. 3 4. SRSS. Ch. 6.5 5. SRSS., Ch. 6. 7 6. Ibid., Ch. 6. 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #367
174 Give cuya (drops) of pueria tuberosa, phyllanthus niruri and white Trianthema portulacastrum to tin. There becomes silver.1 Make lumps of Kathir (a kind of tin) to. 1 and mercury to I. Next give cuya (drops) to it by putting it into an earthen vessel with the milk of Holosteemmac Rheedii (Ksirininu jhala) ta. 9, its sing (Stalk 2), is big,' bigger than Horse radish (and) it is like Horse radish. There be. comes silver. Rub mercury ta. 10 in the juice of the bark of the root of poinciana elata (Samdhesara) for 4 praharas and in the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (Dudheli). Next put it into earthen vessel and pour borax, ta. 2 and the juice of ginger ta. 9 into it, close it and heat it for 4 praharas. Rub mercury in the juice of gymnosporia spinosa (Boklar) for 3 days. Then rub it in the juice of yellow Loranthus Longifolia (pili Bandali) for 3 days. Put it into a bottle in a Valukayantra and give it fire for 8 praharas. Mix 1 vala of the essence with tin ta. 5. There becomes silver. Reduce to paste mercury ta. 5 in Amaniyavesi Kontoria (Agiyano) ta. 10 and purple Lippia-Lippia nodiflora (jala pipar) ta 10, put it into a Kodiasamputa(a kind of lid) and in Sineyantra and Veluyantra (respectively). Put a good seal to them, give fire to it for 12 praharas., if gajaputagni is given, give fire to it for 8 praharas, it (essence) generates great appetite Next mix the essence into tin. There becomes silver. Crush mercury ta. 5 with the flower of Solanum xantho carpum, make pill (ball) of it, close it into an earthen open crucible (udhamasa). Put it into the sand of a river. Keep the mouth of the crucible open, give it fire by putting dry wild cowdung cakes over it. Mix the essence into tin. There becomes silver. 4 Purify mercury paise 1. Next make a curcible of leaf of Spanish Jasmine=Jasminum radiflorum (Canmbeli) of lova 2; put the juice of Nut meg=Myristica fragram (Jayaphala) just like phaseolus mung=green gram (maga) into it. 1. SRSS., Ch. 6. 9 2. SRSS., Ch. 6. 20 3. SRSS., Ch. 6. 20 4. SRSS., Ch. 6. 30 5. LRSS., Ch. 6. 31. 7. SRSS., Ch. 6. 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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175 Pui ta. 1 of the whole Caryophyllus aromaticus (lavanga) ta 1 or 2 of Visakhapara Horse purslane and pieces of the root of white datura under and over 1 paisa into a crucible of Buti (herbs). Next make an earthen crucible, put those things into it and close (its mouth,) get it dried up, giue it fire of 2 dry cowdung cakes. White lead settles like silver.1 While going to the temple of Hanuman, first there will come Jalasi (a kind of plant) born in the swamps (dubasi). in the drain (mala). It is called Jalasi. It is bitter and pungent (miri. Tari & kathii) like Tulasi (Ocimum Albama), rub butter (or mercury) in it for 7 days. Its flower is of 4 petals. There become two thiugs white & yellow (Silver and gold); copper coin becomes white in khapara (not explanied) of kalaphul (convovulus microphyllus) i. e silver. Melt horse tooth, tooth of ass, tusk of elephant and the inner essence of the horn of a cow and the inner essence of the horn of a goat and Abrus precatorius (cinothi) Take out the essence of these six and put 1 tola of silves inio it, there becomes pure silver.3 Svak : if put into tin, there will be silver. Grind (or put into pieces) the leaf of Tecomaudulata (Rohida tree), mix goat's milk into it. Fix mercury by keeping it in an open udhamusa put that mercury 1 masa into 1 tola of tin. There becomes silver." Crush all these- copper ga. 5, mercury ga. 3, realagar ga. 2, borax (ga) 1 and natron ga. 1 in the juice of Euphorbia pilulifera (vadidudhi) and smear the leaf of lead or copper with the essence and heat it in fire. There becomes silver. 6 Boil the leaf of kathira (Kalai=tin), ga. 16 in the urine of ass, melt 1 kapsas (?) of salt andi tola of lime, combine mercury ga. 8 into tin and boil them. Next melt that leaf by wrapping it. Put the essence ga. 1 into it. Having brought cyperus rotundus and carmaghasa (a kind of grass) and press their juice. Put mercury into it. Give a covering of cloth and clay over it. Next plaster (wrap) cowdung over it and put it in the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes and cook it (the whole thing). Next crush kadahiu gund 1. SRSS., Ch. 6. 34 2. SRSS., Ch. 6. 36 4. Ibid., 6. SKSS., Ch. 7.20 1x. it may juice. : 3. SRSS., Ch. 6. 39 5. SRSS., Ch. 7. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #369
176 (gum of cochlosprum gossypium), put it into the milk of she goat and cook it. Next melt tin and put that mercury into it. There becomes silver. Take out oil from realgar 1, orpimemt 1, sulphur 1, minearal calmine, borax 1, white mica 1, anacadium-masa 1 (by heating them in a patalayantra. Mix copper into that oil and melt it in equal proportion of copper combined with half-seed (essence) (arddhabija together with yukta) calamine in an earthen vessel, oi of anacardium bha. 7, milk of calotropis bha. 7. Echinops Echinata (jvatamukhi=teutakatro) bha. 7. Next combine these two-silver ga. 2 and copper ga. 10, melt and heat them. Crush Maugya barley and make bread (out of it). Thrust pieces of orpiment into it, put that bread into an earthen vessel, heat it in a closed crucible and put a lid over its mouth. Make gentle fire, burn (heat) it till there becomes silver. Next make a leaf of tin (Kathir), give orpiment under and over it; heat it. Then put rasa (mercury ?), next give it 21 saturations of calotropis gigantea. Mix ga. 1 of silver with 1 tola of copper. Mix half silver. It becomes Narahadi (Silver ?) 3 Give 7 saturations to mineral calamine ta. 1, mercury ta. 1 orpiment ta. 1, realgar (ta)-1 alum (ta) 1, white glass (Svetakaca) (ta) 1. Sea-salt (Saimdhava) (ta) 1 natron (ta) 1 & borax (ta) 1, with the milk of Calotropis gigantea. Next smear the leaf of copper (with the essence), heat it three times in a covered crucible, pour it into the urine of ass, butter- milk and cowdung. It becomes silver. * ' Make pieces of human hair ; sr., measuring 2 fingers by cutting and cutting it. Next put 1 seer of lime and 1 seer of natron together into 2 seers of tiger's urine and boil them. When there remain 5 seers of urine, take out the good essence. Then put hair into that urine and hold it on fire till all pieces of hair get melted. Next pound 1 seer of realgar, 1 seer of orpiment and 1 seer of mica and make cake of them. Rub these things with the urine in a mortar; when all urine gets mixed up (absorbed), take out the thing and get it dried up. Next make pidi (cake) by rubbing tili (seed of sesamum ?). Put it into a casket and give it a layer of cloth and clay over it (Sadhara 1). Then place it on the furnace, put much clay to the left and right side of it. Give it fire of khichdi (coal, wood, etc.) Take it out on its getting cooled down. Hair and essence get separated. Mix the essence ga. 1 into copper gadiyana 16. There becomes silver.8 1. SRSS. Ch. 7.22 2, SRSS., Ch. 7. 23 3. SRSS., Ch. 7. 23 4. SRSS., Ch. 8. 2. 5. SRSS., Ch. 8. 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #370
Combine together Kathir (Tin) 2 srs, sea salt (Saimdhava)-3 srs. and milk of Borassus flabellifer (palin)-5 srs. and put the combination into an earthen vessel. Give a lid over its mouth, close up the joint thickly and dry it up. Again if there becomes a gap (crack), put clay to the joint. Do as such so that the smoke does not come out. Place it on the furnace, lit fire under it by setting fire with tamarind wood. Give it dipagni till salt and milk attain dryness (or fineness). There becomes silver.1 Make the leaf of Kathir (tin) thin, next take alum and Samkhiu somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic) and Anero somala khar (a kind of somal Khar)-ta. 1 and 2 respectively, put- sr. of juice of palm into a matheri (a kind of vessel), give 7 patas (roastings) to that leaf. Dry it up in the sunrays. Next take 5 srs. of pieces of Kalicuna and fill an earthen vessel (or jar) with it. Bury that vessel into the ground up to its brim. Then put the leaf into the lime of vessel (jar). Fill lime over it, then pour tadi (juice of palm ?). Next seal it up immediately with clay. Keep it for 3 days by sealing up its whole mouth. Next take out the essence. It (leaf) becomes silver." 177 Drench cinnabar in the juice of Bhuirigani (Solanum xantho-carpum) 21 srs; put 200 tolas of its fruit into that cooked mixture. Smear the gum of purging cassia (or Cassia Fistula) on the leaf (or leaves) of copper and silver three times. Yogavidya-1 or 2. "Put together rasa mineral or liguid) of saimdhava (sea salt) and lime (Cuna) by combining them and pour kathira (tin) 108 times. Crush 1 sr, of kathira and 2 srs. of lime (Kalicuno) and put the leaf into the mixture and make it cold. Put Rasa (Mineral or liquid little by little; do not put it at once (at a time). Next on its getting cooled down, take it out. There will be good silver.3 Make a hole into a Surana (Amorphophallus campanulatus) and fill a cup of Nagachikani (Centipeda orbicularis). Put the leaves of Kathira (a kind of tin) over that. Put 1 masa of mercury on the leaf of pai. 1 bhar. If there is kathir pai. 1 bhar take, chikani pai, 2 (bhar) put the leaves (of tin) layer by layer, close it (hole) by putting a gadabacu (pieces of Surana), put a special cup on it. Cover it up with a layer of clay and cloth and burn it in fire. There becomes silver.* 1. Ibid., Ch. 8. 5. 2. SRSS., Ch. 8. 7. 3. SRSS.. Ch. 8. 9. 4. SRSS., Ch. 8. 15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 Rub all these fourteen-Malaphio (a kind of mineral ?) to-1, mercury tola-1, golden pyrite to. 1, bodara (a kind of metallic poison) to. 1, realgar to. 1, rayasumgha (not identified) tolo 1, keravo (not identified) to. 1, candrasa (Valiria Indica) to. 1. hiradakhana (colamus draco) to. 1, jamghala to. 1, thutho (a kind of poison) to. 1. gali (Indigo) to. 1 mastaki (pistacia lentiscus) tolo-1 and sal-ammoniac to. 1 in combination with the juice of beetl, fill the content into a bottle, fill it loose, give (put) a seal into its mouth after getting the juice heated by increasing and increasing fire for 8 praharas, put mercury of the 1st bottle measuring a rai (mustard seed), pour the juice of black eclipta alba into mercury. There becomes silver. Rub these two the juice of bud of ca pa (Jasminum officinale Linn. chamba) ta. 20 and oil ta. 20 and heat the combination; put lead ta. 4 into an earthen bowl and make (lit) fire under it. Give drops (tuya) of the juice of the bud of capa, the essence is ready. Mix 1 rati of the seence with 1 tola of silver.' Take Kasumdina 1 sr., (vattiserisides) Negro coffee plant=cassia occidentalis), 1 sr. big gandhayani (coleus cyperus rertenulis), leaf of Nagori pa. 1, seed of dolichondron falcata (Mithsingi) pa. 1, put two leaves in between layer by layer; place the whole thing in a samputa and put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it; give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Thus repeat the process two times. Silver is produced. 3 Mix orpiment with clarified butter, rub it in the ash of long pepper (Pippala) 5 sr. and Butea frondosa (Khakhara)-5 sts. Mix orpiment with Cassytha filiformis (amari), mix it into an earthen bowl (or potsherd), give ashes of those things under and over it, it becomes ash. When smoke comes out of it, then put ashes, give it fire for 2 praharas. Silver is produced. + Fill these two-the juice of je (in) je (im)vanti (Leptadania reticulata) and the juice of piper beetle into an earthen bowl, put a tola of mercury in it. 1. SRSS., Ch. 8. 18. 2. SRSS., Ch. 8. 21. 3. SRSS., Ch. 9. 12 4. SRSS.. Ch. 9. 13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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179 Take a green piece of cloth which is come across on the head of a woman who has not yet given birth to a child, wrap mercury w put it inside the earthen vessel, seal up its mouth. There becomes mercury like makana gamdhima paisi. (not explained). There becomes silver.' Rub mercury ta. 1, alum 1, sulphur 1 and borax 1 together and heat the whole thing in a crucible and give a puta (roasting) of 4 dry wild cowdung cakes. Nage po. sa. ra. 12, (not explained) Put the juice of Sahadevi (Sonchus arnenois), saskhaholi (Ctnolepis cerasiformis) and Bhangro (Ectlipta alba) ta. 3, into an earthen pan, fill water into it in such a way that there remains 3 fingers less from (the brim). At Night put it into rasa (juice or mercury), give it fire for 4 ghadis (4x24=96 minutes) by increasing it gradually, next put water into it, go on rubbing it on hands (palms), it becomes hard.? Take a cup of lead, weighing pai. 15, put takho (black iron or black) ta. 5 into it, fill four handfuls of sand into it, sprinkle (water) till that cup swells up (fills up ?) By making of lump, rub Khahipo, (not explained), kha., Alpa Javasi=Alhaj Maurorun) ta. 10. and Takho ta. 5 in the milk of Euphorbia pilulifera for 2 ghdis, close it up and put a layer of cloth and clay over it, give it fire of 3 pieces of dry wild cowdung cakes again on its getting cooled down, take it out and crush it, thus give it 7 putas (roastings) of (Euporbia pilulifera (Dudheli), then give it '7 putas of Indigofera paucifolia (ghila). Next give kurkaputa of Dodonaea viscosa ? (Bandadi) (li). Next grind padepaho (not identified) 1} and Takho 5 in the juice of Ghodarigani, crush the same in the juice of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi). Make him and put it into Euphorbia nivuiia, (Thohara), it should be ripe and old, fill the juice of ghodarigani into that and close it with the powder of Euphorbia nivuiia (Thohara), put a layer cloth and clay over it. Burn it in gajaputa. There becomes silver. Pound this medicine Khahipo I Keapi. (not explained) Rub all the undermentioned medicines in the juice of Aloe vera in a separate mortar-all medicines for 2 praharas, mix the two-Khahipo and the rest. 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 35. 2. SRSS., Ch. 9. 38. 3. SRSS, Ch. 9. 39. For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 The names of those medicines are noted below. Mastaki (pistacia lentiscus) to. 1, cinnabar to 1, borax to. 1, alum to 1, takho (black iron) to. 1, sulphur to. 1, samkhin somala (a kind of oxide of arsenic), Bodara (an essenee or oxide of lead) (singi), Silajuta (bitumen), godanti Haratala (a kind of orpiment) 1, Navasara hunie, (Sal-ammoniac) 1; rub all these eleven medicines such as Mastaki, etc., in the juice of Aloe vera; grind each medicine in the juice of Aloe vera and combine them together. Make pradamo samputa (a kind of lid), make 11 pills of medicine in combination with Dhalo sr. and Upalyoy ta. 9, put them into the Samputa (lid), close it by putting a lid over it and covering it with a layer of cloth and clay over it. Close its joint with grains of clay. Put 7 layers cloth and clay over it, put it (Samputa) into an earthen bowl. Crush 1 srs. of salt and spread it out under; put samputa over it and give (put) a cover of clay over it. Alow the lid (to) be seated into the mouth of the vessel. Seal it up well so that smoke won't be able to come out, make fire (heat it, in fire) for 8 praharas, Take the wood of Rayana (Mimusops hekandra) make dipagni On its getting cooled down take it out. Next open the samputa, put the nails (hoofs) of horse masa 1. into it. There will be silver.' Make a thick bread of zinc, give it pata of lime, give it fire for 4 days. Next chew betel leaf and throw the spittle (pik) into it. Next burn it in the fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Thus there becomes suto (rubo ?) (Silver ?) Fill the root of sastor, the root of Vadavagni and the root of Datura with salt into 2 earthen jars (Kundas) of equal size, they are strength and energy giving, when reduced to ashes, they are equal to the full moon in lustre. Take the excreta of pigeon, gunja (Abrus precatorius, mercury and borax natron, calotropis gigantea in triputa (3 outas). If the essence made of them is applied on copper it, becomes white like moon. X not identified y Not identified, 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 41 2. SRSS., Ch. 9. 47. 3. SRSS., Ch. 9.49. (1) 4. Ibid., Ch. 9. 49. (2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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181 Take Achyranthus aspera (Aghala) 1 sr., Rubia cordifolia (Bikhaso) 9, heat them on fire of 100 dry wild cowdung cakes." Mudra (process) of sealing, Take katho (lime) ta. 5, chalk, 5 jhiko (a kind of gum) 5 Salt 5 and clay Him (gala) Mudra : Make a hole into the wood of kharijali, (a kind of Vanaspati ?) put the juice of pilavani (a ktnd of vanaspati) ta 9, close the hole by giving agavadu (Piece of wood), cover it with 7 layers of cloth and clay; white copper will become silver of 12 carats from 8 carats. Pour Alhaji Maurorum (Alpa) 1 sr. by melting and melting it 108 times. Keep pai. 2 bhar. go on putting fresh urine. Take the urine of ass. Grind these 7 medicines-Khahipo pai. 1, alpa pai 8, alum pai. 7, anacardium 7, thuthu (an emetic). 7 kacalavana (a kind of salt) 7 salts, 7 sal-ammoniac 7, sea-salt 7 and make them powdered. Next make 7 leaves of alpa. Take an earthen vessel or pot, put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next put one layer of usada (medicine) put leaves over it. Again give usada (medicine) again leaves layer by layer, close it and give 7 layers of cloth and clay over it, Make fire two times. (i.e. heat it turcl) (5) Take Achyranthus aspera (Aghada) i sr. Rubia cordifolia (Bikhaso) 9, heat them on fire of 100 dry wild cowdung cakes. Mudra :- (The process of sealing) Take Katho (lime)ta 5 Chalk 5, Jhiko (kind of gum) 5, salt 5 and clay 7. Him (galo) Mudra :- Make a hole into the wood of Kharijali, put the juice of Pilavani (a kind of Vanaspati) Taq, close the hold by giving a gavadu (piece of wood), cover it with 7 layers of cloth (and clay); white copper becomes silver of 12 carats from 8 carats. (6) Pour Alhaji Maurorum (Alpa) 1 sr. by melting and melting 108 times. Keep pai 2 bhar, go on putting (pouring) fresh (new) urine. Take 4. SRSS., Ch, 10. 5. 5. Ibid. ' For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 the urine of ass. grind these 7 mediciness- Khahipo pai i, alpa-pai 8 alum pai 7, andcardium 7, thuthu (green vitriolan emetic) 7. Kacalavana (a kind of salt) 7, salt 7, sal-ammoniac 7, and sea-salt 7, and make them powdered (pounded). Next make 7 leaves of alpa, take an earthen vessel or pot, give (put) 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Next put one layer of usada (medicine) put leaves over it. Again give usada (medicine) again leaves layer by layer. Close it and give 7 layers, of cloth and clay over it. Make fire two times; on its getting cold, take it out. Next melt alpa-masa 4 and 'sutu-masa 4. On its getting cold, take it out. Next melt alpa masa 4 and sutu (silver) masa 4.3 Put the leaf of iron into the juice of pomegranate (Dalim), having white flower for a day, it gets reduced to ashes, it becomes white. If 1 rati of it is mixed into copper and kathir (a kind of tin) there becomes silver.4 Grind (or rub) silver varga to-1 and mercury to.1 in the milk of calotropis gigantea, make a ball (or pill) of the their paste. Put it into the bulb of onion, close it up, wrap thread around it, wrap a small piece of cloth over it, wrap the bread of powder of wheat over it, make a ball (round). Next make powder of Rana Upala (not idenified) 2, srs.. put the ball into that. On its getting cold, take out the ball aside. Again make (repeat) the previous process, put it into the bulb of onion, take 33 srs. of dry wild cowdung cakes. increase it by 4 sr. upto 5 srs., not after that The give 21 putas to it, if it is mixed into 20 tola of tin, there becomes silver.' Make a hole into an Amorphophallus companulatus (Surana) and a cup or piece (palo) of centipeda orbicularis, (Chikani), put tin (Kalahi) pai 1 bhar and centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) paisa 2 bhar, give powder under and over the leaf of tin, give over it particularly, give (put) wax and cloth over it, and give it gajaputagni, there becomes silver. 1. Not yet identified 2. Ibid. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 6. 4. SRSS, Ch. 10. 38. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Take the hard substance, (gamgado) which is in samkhia somala (oxide of arsenic), put it into a bottle, go on pouring the juice of lemon into it, go on stirring it up with a rod, but do like that so that the smelt of boiling does not come up. Place it on a Valukayantra, give it fire for 12 praharas. On its getting cold, take the essence out. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper and tin respectively. (There becomes silver or gola ?) Grind paio (plices) of Kakasi (Sisymbrium irio ?) and make 2 big tablets, put one tablet into an earthen crucible, put the leaf of copper to. 5 over it, put somala (oxide of aresenic) 1 masa over that copper leaf, put the second tablet of Kakasi, heat the whole things in on undara musa (upside down crucible) There will be silver.1 183 Melt tin and pour it into the milk of Tridhara Thohara. (a kind of ruphorbia nivuiia) next if Malla (oxide of iron) is put into it, there is success. (Silver ?) Put zinc 1 sr into the urine of man three times, into the urine of ass three times, into the urine of cow three times and into the urine of goat three times and purify it, Combine mercury with zinc by taking the quantity equal to the 1/3 part of it, give drops much over it with the milk of Euphorbia nivuila (Thohara) in a new pot for 12 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence with 1 tola of copper. There will be silver." Grind lime of oyster shell in the leaf of centipeda orbicularis and grind tin 1 rati with it. Make (put) a seal by putting the whole thing into an earthen pot. give it gajaputagni, There will be silver.1 Melt brass Nala-4 by putting it into tin vala 16 (?), put aghatita vala 8 into it by making it finely powdered so that metal gets mixed into metal (i. e. they become one). There becomes svatasiddhi (accomplishment of silver) in the case of silver undoubtedly." 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 40 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 42. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 46. 4. SRSS., Ch. 10. 47. 5. SRSS., Ch. 10. 48. 6. SRSS., Ch. 10. 54. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 61. 2. Ibid. Ch. 10. 62. For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 Make lump of lead 1 and mercury 1 by grinding them in cissum Triangularis (Tridhari Hadasakala) and make the essence. Put together tin ta 9 and the essence ta. 1 or there will be Euphorbia nivutia or nerifolia. 3 Make powder of Nakacikani (Centipeda orbicularis) by crushing it. Mix a little mercury into equal to the lime of oyster shall and close it up in an iron samputa (lid); silver. 4 Reduce to paste mercury in Momordica charantia (Kareli) for three days with the butt of green Neem wood (Melia Azadirachta). Close it up by giving Haravasi (not identified) and Naravasri (not identified) under and over lt. Give in fire for 2 praharas. There will be black silver.5 Reduce mercury to. 1 to paste in Kerarasa (Juice of capparis decidua Edgew) and Aconite ferox, put it into lemon (juice), next put it into ash, give it fire for 4 ghatikas (4x24=96 minutes). It becomes silver., True. Mix tin with sulphur It becomes silver. Rub sulphur sr and honey sr., then rub mercury sr. in the juice of Ocimum sanctum; combine both of them and fill them into a bottle and put three layers of cloth and clay over it. Dig a pit with a depth upto the waist and fill it up with horsedung and, keep that bottle into it for 6 months. There becomes oil, it is to be given to silver.! Give Anacardium under and over the leaf of zinc by grinding it. (Anacardium), give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. When there remains half of it, combine it with silver, give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Put mercury sr. into a lead samputa (lid) of 1 sr., place the samputa into an earthen pot. (or bowl). Next pour horse's urine 5 srs. into it by mixing with samcala luna (a kind of salt) 1 sr., give (put) seven layers of cloth and clay over it and give it fire for 16 praharas. Mix 1 rati of tin. Silver is produced. 3 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 63. 4. SRSS., Ch., 11. 6. 5. SRSS., Ch. 11. 15. 6. SRSS., Ch. 11. 23. 7. SRSS. Ch. 11. 25. 1. Ibid., Ch. 11. 28. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 32. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2.9. For Personal & Private Use Only

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185 Rub mercury in the juice of Ipomaea, reniformis and the juice of Aloe Vera and quench it into Kakasi (Sisyambrium irio). There becomes silver. Put orpiment pai. 6 into a glass cup, next fill up a big pan with the juice of Kasudi Negro coffee=Round Podea cassia=cassia Sophere or cassia occidentalis), keep it for 3 days, and dry it up. Do thus 3 times, Next put the juice of Kolikanda (Indian squvill). It gets dried up in one day. Do it thus for 3 days, Next filter Bassia latifolia (Talio moharo) paisa 4 bhar with a piece of cloth, put it into orpiment and rub it with the juice of cassia occidentlis and fill it into a bottle. Put hair into the mouth of the bottle. Next place (hold) the glass pot (cup) under that tube. Next give it fire of, pieces of goat's dung-7 srs. in an earthen bowl and give it fire with goat dung. Take the essence from that which comes out. The essence that remains in it becomes white. Break the bottle and take out the essence. That essence makes copper white. Oil comes out. That makes silver bright. Rub Somala (Khara=oxide of arsenic) 1, mercury 1, borax 1 and tin in the milk of Vajri (Euphorbia antiquorum,) cook them in human urine in a Dolikayantra, mix that essence-3 masas into purified copper to. 1, There becomes silver Jotakam (pieces). Make a hole into a gourd, rub somala (oxide of arsenic) tola-3 put it into that gourd and give (put) a cover into the hole, put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it, give it, gajaputagni (fire) of 5 maunds of dry wild cowdung cakes. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper. Clean silver comes out. Its name is Samtagutika.? Rub mercury to. 1 in the juice of Tadi Dudheli (Euphirbia pilulifera) for 1 day, rub orpiment in the juice of Tiduri (a kind of plant) for 1 day, make pills of them and put them in the water of lime and cook them in Dholikayantra for 3 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of copper, combine 4 masas of bija (essence ?) Keep 5 (it) inside the house 5 for 1 month. There becomes pure silver.3 4. SRSS. Ch. 11. 2. 12. 5. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 18. 6. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 18. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 27 2. SRSS, Ch. 11. 2. 31. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 32. For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 Rub the lime of oyster shell sr and tin sr. I in the milk of Euphorbia nenifolia or in the milk of Calotropis gigantea i sr. up to 14 praharas. Next smear the middle part (Pete) of an earthen vessel (bowl), put a strong seal into the mouth of the bowl and give it fire for 4 praharas. In the morning, on its getting cooled down, take out the whole essence. Tin, getting melted from its belly (peti), comes in the middle (inside). Grind cinnabar ta. 1, borax ta i and Morthutho (a kind of poison) and mix them and stir them up inside into that bowl. Again close the earthen bowl, give it fire for prahara by putting 7 layers of cloth and clay into the mouth of the bowl. There becomes silver. 4 Melt natron 1, rock-salt 1, somal (oxide of arsenic 1, borax, 'Bagadadi orpiment 1 and Vajrakhara 1, (a kind of sodium) in the juice Achyranthus aspera. By melting copper to. 1, put the essence-1 masa into it. Silver of 19 carats is produced." Grind Cinnabar ta. 9, Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) and gum of Butea Frondosa in the juice of Citrus medica (Bijora); smear the essence on the leaf of copper, give it 65 Kurmaputas, grind Cinnabar with the juice of Bijora (Citus medica), grind also 2 medicines, smear the essence on the copper leaf; pure silver is produced. It is experimented by Rsi Samghaji.1 Rub Pegansi sal-ammoniac-ma. 2 and juice of Jalasi (a kind of plant) ma. 1 with equal quantity of milk of Nagarjuni (Euphorbia pilulifera) and smear the copper leaf. There becomes silver.? Take natron, Varaji, (not clear) Cunadanivihu (not clear) double orpiment it will be beautiful and bright, what the famine will do ? By combining all these together in equal portions, give the essence (apply) to the leaf of tin layer by layer. Fill it into a horn of a she-buffalo and close it up, put 7 layrs of cloth and clay over it and give it fire-bhatagni for 3 days. I. Silver is accomplished.3 Grind Malla Samkhiu (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ta. 1, mercury ta. 1, mineral calamine ta. 1, and godanti orpiment ta. 1. 4. SRSS., Ch. 12. 2. 5. SRSS., Ch. 12. 6. 1. SRSS., Ch. 12. 13. 2. SRSS., Ch. 12. 17. 3. SRSS., Ch. 12. 21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Make clarified butter by heating the fat of she-goat 1, srs. give tuya (drops) to the fine powder (of the above mentioned things) with clarified butter in an earthen pot. Make dipagni in fire, dry up all clarified butter, dry it up in 10 or 20 days. Mix tin 10. 1 with one rati of the essence. Use the fat of sheep in case of alternative, silver ? Take the juice of Asarvata? * 1 sr. and the juice of Hadasakala (Cissus quadrangularis)-13, give tuya (drops) of mercury to silver. Give tuya of two juices to it in an iron cup, make mandagni, put, masa of the essence into 1 tola of tin. There becomes silver.? Take a piece of phata kiu Malla (a kind of oxide of arsenic) ta. 6, put it into the hole of Amorphophallus campanulatus by making it into this thing (suran), (give) a lid into its mouth by putting the juice of Abrus precatorius (cinothi) into it (hole). By covering it and filling sand into an earthen bowl, put the Amorphophallus inside it (bowl) and place it on the furnace, give it fire, till the juice inside Amorphophallus gets dried up. Thus next close it into Indian squvill=urginoea, Indica (Kolikanda) and wrap it up with cowdung and heat it. Next put it into lemon warp it up with cowdung and put it into Bhara.* Thus do it seven times, take out the lemon, melt copper to. 10, put powder gadiano. Next give it 7 putas of Babi.y There becomes silver.3 Rub mercury ta. 4 and sulphur ta. 4 in the juice of ctenolepis cerasiformis (Samkhaholi) for 1 day. Rub or grind them in the juice of Horse purslace (Satodi) for 1 day and grind them in the juice of Aloe vera for 1 day in a mortar in good manner. Next put the whole thing into a glass kettle (or casket) and give (put) a layer of clay over the bottle and get it dried up in the shade, again smear it. Dig a little deep pit, put half of goat's dung under it and half over it, place acover over it. Burn it with fire for 3 days. When it becomes red, take out the essence. Next melt copper. ta. 3, put the essence vala 2 into it, There becomes silver. in an open crucible It becomes Melt that which is not produced silver (9) of 12 carats. True.s 1x. a kind of fruit ? y. Not identified. 1. SRSS. Ch. 12. 23. 2. SRSS., Ch. 12. 25. X. It may be a pot. 3. SRSS., Ch. 12. 26 4. SRSS., Ch. 12. 28 5. SRSS., Ch. 12. 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 Make a cup of silver, put mercury ga. into it, bring the milk of Euphorbia Nerufolia sr. Sprinkle it on mercury by drops. Next give it by putting it in an earthen bowl for 28 praharas, give it bhatagni. Mage fire (i.e. give it fire) up to that time (till) it becomes soft; when pressed by nails, it gets powdered. Put the cup into the earthen bowl. Mix sand with the gruel of old fine grains of rice. Put that sand Into the bowl, put that cup. On that sand, put the essence vala 2 into 9 tolas of tin. There becomes good silver. I Take mineral calamine ta, 9 and the juice of leaves of good zizyphus sative (achanabori), grind the mineral calamine with that (it) and make a lump together. Next put the hair of a man into the lid (Saravala), put the lump of medicine into it and close the lid, give it fire for three days by placing bhari (bundle of fire stick) into dry wild cowdung cakes. That is, the essence is produced. Mix vala 2 of the essence into copper gadiyana 1. There becomes silver of 14 carats." Mix mercury ta, 4 and sulphur ta. 4 with the milk of she Sheep (cue) for 1 day, next mix them with the juice of lemon for 1 days, next essence is accomplished. Next melt tin ta. 9 and mix it with the essence, vala2., There becomes silver.3 Take white Tinospora cordifolia (galo) and its five limbs-fruit, flower, bark, leaf and root, make them in the shade. Mix 1 sr. of them with tin ta. 4 There becomes silver+ Rub white glass (Svetakaca) and mercury for 3 days. the copper leaf with their essence (Rasa) and melt it. silver. Grind together natron ta. 1, hamsapaka (Hingala ?) ta. 1, realgar ta. 1 and orpiment ta. 1, put sr, of milk of one-coloured cow in an earthen vessel. give a cover over it. Make dipagni (and heat it) Take out all milk from it (Eaase). Next purify tin and make a leaf of it. Melt it into an open crucible by giving the powder of the essence layer by layer. Silver is accomplished." 1. SRSS., Ch. 12. 29 2. Ibid., Ch, 12. 30 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2 4. SRSS., Ch. 13. 4 5. Ibid., Ch. 13. 5 6. SRSS., Ch. 13. 12. Next smear the There becomes For Personal & Private Use Only

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189 Rub all these-lead ga. 5, mercury ga. 5, relalgar ga. 5 and orpiment ga. 5 with the juice of Bandali (Loranthus Longifolia) for 3 days, Next fill all (these things) into the horn of a cow, next give a seal into the month of the horn with a piece, of earthen potsherd. Then put a seal on all sides by grinding molasses and salt. Next put 7 layers of cloth and clay over the horn and dry it up. Then give it fire of fioat's dung up to 23 days. Next on its getting cooled down, give (mix) the essence-ga 1 into tin gadiyana 64, Pour tin into water of Eugenia (=Iambolana) 108 times There becomes silver.1 Take mercury ta. 1 and sulphur tank. 1 and next rub them with buffa rechinata (Kutarabalahi) for 4 praharas. Mix 1 masa of the essence into 1 tola of tin, next spread out cowdung over it by pressing it on palm. There becomer silver." The Chemical processes of increasing carats of gold and silver. Take one between the two-a little lime and natron. Bring green bark of jambu (jambulanum) and mango trees. Take out juice by grinding them. Srinkle (or spread out) it on the gold-leaf having 11 carats by heating and heating it. The original carat (i. e. 11) increases to 13 and 14 carates. increases. 3 The process of increasing carats of gold Put these four-paripa (mineral calamine ?) (or a kind of mineral) and borax ta. 1 sal-aammoniac ta. 1, surokhara (a kind of oxide) ta. 1 into the juice of Elephantopsus scaber (galajibhi) and stir them up. Make three leaves of copper and brass and quench them into that medicinal juice 5 and 7 times If light gold leaf of 3 carats is made and quenched into that rasa, there become carats 4 and 5 respectively, quench the gold leaf into the oil of Anacardium by melting it, as a result its carat increase to. 7. There takes place the increase of two carats. 1. SRSS., Ch. 13. 14 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 17 3. SKSS., Ch, 13. 26 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 21 5. SRSS., Ch. 5. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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190 Theprocess of making carat Combine all these-two masas of silver, I masa of copper. 2 masa of particles of iron 2 masas of bell metal. 2 masas of lead in an earthen pot and liquefy; while melting, there remains 3 masas of them. Stop it then, give rang (a kind of metal ?) to silver. Then melt Hunnano silver-7 ratis with one rati of Kalka (essence) with 3 masas of the above things. Put the essences, while melting them. Put one rati of copper of Thutha. Melt all those. There will be good gold. If 1 masa of the essence is put into 3 tolas of Vani (thing), these increases the carat. Thus true. Dried up juice of cannbis Sativa and that of Wedelia Calendulacea absorb water. Take it out on its getting cold. If that water is given as drop (tuya) in an earth vessel on the leaf of green vitriol-gold smeard with lemon, it becomes pure, its carat increase.3 Make pilis of orpiment 1, sulphur 1 realgar, thuthu (a kind of poison) golden pyrite 1, cinnabar 1 and light green vitrio with honey. The essence will assimilate silver of equal portions. It becomes equal to gold. Its carat increases.* Take sal-ammoniac ta. 3, alum ta 3, thuihu ta, 3 Khndi (chalk) ta. 3 Mulanimati (Miani soil). ta. 3. and pohara of brick ta. 3, all in equal portions. Make thorn-piercing leaf of gold of 8 carats, smear or dip it with (or in) rsaiu (mercury?) spread out the powder of these things. Next give (put) a layer of wax and cloth over the samputa (lid) by putting the whole thing into it Place it (Saravasamputa) in a valukayantra and heat it for 1 prahara. There increases the carat. Put sulphur into a ripe Bel (Aegle moramelous) and place it into an earthen vessel. Close it up and put it into a dust-heap for a month. Take it out and mix 1 rati of the essence with 1 tola of silver. There becomes fain-coloured gold, it should be dipped into the water urine) of cat or a kind of plant,). There takes place increase of its carat." 1. SRSS., Ch. 5. 36 2. Ibid., 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 29 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 16 5. SRSS,, Ch. 11. 17 6. SRSS., Ch. 11. 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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FOURTH CHAPTER MEDICAL RECIPES Introduction : The Jainacaryas have made a notable contribution to the development of Indian Ayurvedic system of medical science as a whole in the Ayurvedic, post-Ayurvedic and Iatro-Chemical periods of India. But in the early stage the medical science was not encouraged by them as the Jaina monastic jurisprupence stictly prohibited them to take medicine for the cure of disease! as it involved sinful act in killing life arambha samarambha) in the preparation of medicines by crushing, grinding, rubbing and triturating medical plants and herbs. In the Jaina cononical work the medical science (ayurvedia or tegiccha) was first regarded as one of the nine false science (pavasuya). According to the Jaina tradition, Dhaanatari was the founder of the medical science.3 The Jaina tradition avers that Ayurveda consists of eight branches. viz. pediatric (Kumarabhicca), surgery and midwifery (salaga). treatment of eye, ear, nose and throat (Sallahattha), treatment of bodily diseases (Kayatigiccha), toxieology (Jangala) demonology (Phuyavijja), the science of restoring lost health in old age (rasayana) and sexual rejuvenation (vajikarana of Kharatantra)* 1. parisaha and Bhiksacarya sapa prakarona 5, pp 311-39. But it is to be noted here that Mahavira himself took medicine prepared by Revati with the saturation of Kukkutamamsa and got cured of his blood dysentery (See Bhagavati, 15th sataka). 2. Sthananga Sutra, 409, 9.678. 3. According to the Susruta 1.1.1. c. Brahma has created the medical science for mankind, he taught it to Daksarajapati, from whom it was learnt by Asvinkumar, in turn Indra learnt it from Asvinkumara and taught it to Dhanvantari, ;see Nisitha Curni, 15. 944, c. Milindapanha. p. 227, See Ayogharaja taka, No. 510, IV. pp. 496, 398. 4. Vivagasuya, 7, p. 41, also of. Susruta Samhita, Ch., 1.8, p. 4ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

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192 It seems that in the later period the Jainacaryas have shown some interest in the medical science for the cure of various types of disease, as it is evidenced by some references to them and their cure as found in some canonical works. It is stated that the Jaina monks suffering from sickness should procure the service of a Physician. The evicences of the Jaina texts regarding the development of Ayurveda are fully corroborated by the Buddnists and Hindus works which furnish a good deal of information about the study and practice of this important science in its different branches. The Jaina texts refer to various kinds of disease, such as, boils (gandi), leprosy (Kuttha of eighteen types)*, Consumption (rayamsi), epilipsy (avamariya), blindness (Kaniya). Stiffness (jeimiya), lameness (Kumiya), hump, back (khujjiya). (udari), dumbness. (muya), swelling (Sumiya), over-appetite (gilani) trembling (vevai), disability (pidhasappi). elephantiasis (pilivaya), diabetes (modhumeea), ring worm (Dladdu), billious fever (pittajvara)?, blood dysentery piles (amisiyo)' or arisalo cheumatic (vataka) bilious (pittika) and phleg 1. Nisitha curni and other later works refer to the medical treatment of the monks. 2. C, F. Milindapariha, p. 272. See Ayoghara Jataka, No. 510 IV., pp. 496 ff; Dighanikaya I, p. 12; 1; p. 9; Majjhimanikaya I., pp. 265 ff. See Mahaniddesa, p. 120. Milindapanha, p. 40, for the knowledge of the process of conceplion, gradual development of the foetus in the womb. 3. Susruta Samhita, Sutrasthana 1V. 4.4 8. (learing from different experts) Caraka Samhita. Vimanasthana 8-4 (practical training. in medicine), Susruta, Sutrasthana. Ch. 9 (training in Surgery'; Sarirosthana 5.49. 4. Refer to Susrutasamhita, Nidanasthana 5.4-5, p. 342, Carakasamhita, ch. 7. pp. 2069-73 for eighteen kinds of Kustha. 5. Acaranga Sutra, 6-1.173 6. Bhagavati Sutra 7-6.288 7. Ibid., 9.33. 386; 15. 1. 557 8. Ibid., 15, 1. 572. 9. Bhagavati 18, 1. 647 10. Cf. Vivaga Suya 1; p. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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matic (slesmic) diseases, typho(d (Sannipatika) insanity (unmada)3 etc. asthma(sasa), cough (Kasa), fever (jvara)), inflammation (daha), intestinal colic (Kucchisula) fistula' (bhagandar, ete., * The Bhagavati Sutra and the Tandulr Veyaliya throw some light upon the human anatomy, physiology and pathology by dealing with the process of conception of a child by a mother, fertilization of embryo, position? of the child in her womb and his birth in due time. 193 According to the Jaina agamic works, various causes are atributed to the appearance of diseases in the human body, such as, "Over eating, taking of bad food, over over-sleeping, over-walking, checking calls of nature, travelling, irregularity of taking food and indulgence in sextual intercourse.s As regards the medicine, treatment, diet and hospitalization they give a dtailed account on two lines of treatment, viz. medical proper and surgical. Thus various kinds of teeatment were prescribed by the physicians on the basis of the nature of the disease, such as, "rubbing with oil (abhanga). rubbing with powder (uvvattana), oil drinks (Sinnehapana) vomiting (Vamana), purging (viteyana), branding (Svaddahana), medicated baths (avanthana), oil enema (dhuvasana), head bath, purging by drugs (niruha), opening veins (Siraveha), cutting (tacchana), scrapping (pacchana) bathing the head with oil (tappana) by means of ingredient roasted on 1 Bhagavati 18. 10. 647 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid, 14. 2. 503. 4. Refer to Jambu Su. (14. p. 120) which records family disease (Kualroga), village disease (gamaroga), country disease (mandalaroga) etc., see Nisitha Curni II, p. 737 ff. Jivabhigrma Sutra 3, p. 153; Mbh III. 230-44 ff. History of pali literature, p. 282. 5. Bhagavati 2.5.105, 106, 10.2.327, 2.5 102, 2.5 103, 2.5. 104, Taudulaveyaliya 1. 6) 6. Bhavavati Sutra 1.7.61 7. Ibie., 1.7.62 8. Thananga suya, 9.667, Vide life in Ancient India as depicted in the Jaina Canons, p. 180 Dr. J. C. Jain For Personal & Private Use Only

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194 fire by pusapaka method, barks, roots bulb, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bitters (silika)' pills, nrugs (Nsaha) etc.? Besides these a long list of other kinds of treatment-both medical and surgical as prescibed by the physicians on the basis of the nature of disease is provided by the different Jaina texts, e. g. the use of hairy or hairless (salomanilloma) skin for the old monks and nuns, the lying down on the skin in the case of flatulence (uddhavata) or paralysis (dhanuggaha) or of piles or severe pain or of the dislocations of foot or of the attack of wind on the whole or the part of the body of a nun, the wrapping up up of the affected part of the body with the skin of hyaena (traccha) in the case of her rheumatism (vata) and the lying down on tiger's skin (divicamma) in that of dog biting etc. 4 The Nisitha curni II throws a welcome light upon the surgical treatment by referring to various kinds of instruments for operation, while the Vivaga suya mentions the Surgical cases & treated by the surgeons. As regards the diet of the patients there is mention of meat and wine as prescribed by the physician in special cases of disease.? Besides, other kinds of treatment are found to have been prescribed in the Jaina works, such as, the drinking of wine (maya), skin treatment for the Jaina monks suffering from serious leprosy, (galantakodha), piles, Kacchu or Kidibha-a kind of leprosy known as pamas the tying of a leg of a vulture, the use of the teeth and nails of a bear and the hair of a ram for paralysis. 1. Vivaga suya 1. p. 8. Brhatkalpa Bhasya 3816-18. 2. Bphatkalpa sutra 3.36, Bphatkalpa Bhasya 3839-41 3. Brhatkalpa Bhasya, 3816-18 4. See life in Ancient India. Dr. J. C. Jain, p. 180. 5. Nisitha Curni II, p. 701 6. Vivaga Suya, i. p. 48. Sec Vinayavastu of Mulasarvastivada, pp. 27.43 7. Nayadhammakahao 5, p. 80. C.F. Vivaga suya II, cf. Mahavagga VI. 10.2 8. Bphatkalpa Bhasya, 3839-48. 9. Ogha Nijjutti, p. 734, Bombay edition, 1919 Pinnanijjutti, p. 48. ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Ins The Nisitha Curni gives a long list of diseases. Various medical pro. cesses of treatment, such as, medicited baths (snana) or cleanising a particular portion of the body (uccholana), massaging of the body, drinking of clarifeid butter (ghee) or oil for getting clear complexion, etc. have been prescribed for the treatment of various types of diseases. Rasayanavidya (the Science of elixir vitae) was disticnt branch of medicines aimed at maintaining the perpetual youth by arresting the body of old age and senile decay with the help of proper medicines. The powder or oil of lotus (padma or utpala), castor, (eranda), neem (nimba), citron (matulumga) was prescribed for the disease of Vata (rheum), pitta (biles) and sannipata (typhoid) respectively. There was a type of pill (gutika) which could change the voice and complextion of a person (Saravanna) Karanihim guliyalum va appanam annaha karejja,1 The mud from the ant-hill salt, gold and incantation were used as the means to cure the snake's bites. In the Oghanjjutti there is mention of the fire-fly dropping used in the case of vomiting and the horse-fly to remove the dirt from the eyes, pearl oysters (Suktikas) were used for storing medicine." In the post-Ayurvedic period the Jaina approach to medicine was methodized and arranged properly by Ugradityacarya in his work 'Kalyanakaraka (815 A. D.)-a medical treatise dealing with medicine and surgery in the main more of less on the rational basis with scientific terminology on the line of the Caraka and the Susruta. In this work the author discusses in twenty five chapters various topics like presservation of health, Rasayanavidhi, Vatavidhi-Cikitsa, pittavidhi Cikitsa, etc. But the note-worthy fact about this work is that liquor, meat and honey have not been prescribed in the application of medicine because they involve injury to animals. This indicates the practice of ahimsa (non-violence) to animals even in the case of using medicine. Only plants, minerals and metals, etc. have been used in the application of medicines. 1. See A Cultural study of the Nisitha Curni, Dr. Mrs. Madhu Sen, P.V. Research Institute Varanasi 5. 2. Nisitha Curni, 13, p. 392. 3. Ibid., 12. p. 316. 4. Ibid., 3. p. 194. 5. Ibid., p. 88. 6. Ogh-Nijjutti. p. 135. 7. Ibid., 134. For Personal & Private Use Only

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In the latro-Chemical period (1300-1550 A.D.) the same medical principles of preparing medicine from plants-herbs and simples, minerals and metals were followed by the jainacaryas in the use of medicine with some exception in the case of honey, fat, etc. The prominent feature of their medical science of this period lay in the search after the elixir vitae. Numerous preparations of mercury, iron, copper, gold, silver and minerals are found to be helpful accessories in medicine. At first they came to be used cautiously and tentatively with the medical recipes which were drawn chiefly from the plant kingdom, but they began soon to assert a supremacy of their own to supplant old Ayurvedic treatment by herbs and simples. One of the Characteristic features of this period is that opium is recognized as the official drug in the Jaina materia medica as it is found in the Hindu materia medica. A special stress has been put on the therapeutic efficiency of mineral preparations. Both opium? and mineral acids are prescribed for many diseases as remedies. In addition to opium some foreign drugs were incorporated in the pharmacology of the Jaina medical science, e.g. Chobchini (China smilax); rasakarpur (Calomel, ete.) to treat the case of syphilis (Phirangiroga), a forign disease. The Jainacaryas have dealt with the preparation of medicinal tinctures and prescribed mercury treated with some minerals and plants as the remedy for many kinds of disease including veneral disease (Phirangiroga).4 The Virtues of mercury are commended by the Jainacaryas that men are freed from multitude of diseases by partaking of medicine prepared with mercury. . It is a well-known historical fact that the portuguese had fairly established at Goa and some parts of India by the beginning of the sixteenth century A. D.6 "As a result of intercourse of India with them that dreadful scourge the Veneral disease Syphilis made its appearance"? in India. 1. See Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi sastra, Ch. III. 30-31; VI. 17. 2. Ibid., Ch. X. 26. etc. 3. See Vaidyaka Samgraha, Phinangivatasamadhi etc. 4. See Vaidyakasamgraha of an unknown author (18th cen. A.D.) who seems to be a Jaina. 5. SRSS., Ch. IX. 1. 2. 6. Hindu Chemistry, Dr. p. C. Ray, p. 162. 7. Ibid., For Personal & Private Use Only

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197 "Syphilis (pbiangiroga)' as mentioned in the faina and other Indian Works of the period had now to be reckoned with and a new name to be coined for it." "The use of this drug-Chobchini - China root, smilax China, (Csniakapur) as a remedy for syphilis, it is believed, was made known to the Portuguese at goa by the Chinese traders about A. D. 1535. Vaidyaka aimgraha prescribes both herbs and minerals, such as, Chobesnini, rusakapur (calomel) and mercury, (parada) bodarasingi (oxide of lead), etc. for phiningaroga on the basis of the study of its symptomology. FOURTH CHAPTER First Section Medical Remedies for appelike etc. : Rub mercury ta. 4 and chaleta * of hen ta 15 for a day and cover the whole thing with a layer of cloth and clay and dry it up in shade. Next when the smoke of fire lit with the goat's dung stops, then give it (the mixture of mercury and chaleta of hen) by putting it into a bottle. Next morning it becomes cool, take it out. There becomes the essence. If 1 rati of it is taken with betel leaf, it produces appetite.* Put Barasa karpua (Camphor from Java), Borneo camphor tola-2 and mercury to. 1 in a plate: Give Camphor under and over mercury and Cover mercury. Cover it up with a cup and seal it up with wax. Make dipagni by putting it (plate) under, give fire to it for 1 prahara. All these will become the essence. Mix 1 rati of the essence into 1 tola of copper. If 1 rati of the essence is taken with betel leaf, there will be appetite of 10 srs 5 Purify lead { sr., make a thin leaf of it. Next make collyrium (Kajali) of mercury pai. and sulphur pai. 2, for 4 praharas. Then take a jar and 1. Vaidyaka samgraha, a MS. No. 30994, in L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad; See Arkaprakasa of Ravana and Bnavaprakasa also of Bhava Misra. 2. Hindu Chemistry, p. 162 3. Ibid., X Not explained in absence of a commentary. 4. SRSS., Ch. 3. 51. 5. SRSS., Ch. 4. 10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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put a layer of cloth and clay, spread out bhodala, leaf of raw ramica ?) into it; one leaf under and one leaf over large bhodala patra 1, spread out Surakhara. (a kind of oxike)- sr. over it, put the leaf of lead over bhodala (raw mica ?); Sprinkle collyrium over it; give again the leaf of lead; Sprinkle collrium again, leaf, again, collyrium, thus give (put) (them) layer by layer. Again, crush surakhara sr. (pava) and give (put) it over the leaf of lead and press it, place an earthen pot over it; put 3 or 7 layers of clay and cloth over it and get it dried up, fill sand into it, put it on furnace, give it fire, while increasing gradually, to for 8 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take sand out, take lead. Next make ash of 6 Ajhijhara (not identified) 4 or 5 srs. Bind it in a piece of red cloth like Kasambha (wild saffron) and put water (into it). Keep that water by filling it into a bottle. Put that lead and that sulphur pai. 24 together and crush it with that water for 4 praharas. Next make tablets of them and put them into an earthen jar. Like the first process give the canda (not identified, it may be layer) raw of bhodala (raw mica), crush surakhara (a kind of oxide) pai. 5 bhar and spread it out. Crush it and put thikaliya (not clear, tablets ?), give again Surakhara over it. Give a seal into the mouth of the jar by filling sand inte it, give it fire of 8 praharas. On its getting cooled down. take it out. Give sulphur pai. 1 with that water. Do it again like that. Like the previous process, give it fire, etc., Take it out by giving and giving fire, etc. Thus do it sever times. If that thing 1 rati is taken, the appetite will be double. It makes many other benefits, give fire to seven yantras for 8 praharas.1 198 Take out the juice of pure gorakha Tambola (beetl piper) pai. 1 bhar and rub mercury with it while rubbing, mercury comes up, take it. By doing thus for 24 praharas, make it ball-like. Make a hole into the stem of Scilla indica-Indian Squvill (Kolikanda) and put it (ball of mercury) there and close the mouth (of the hole). Smear the powder of what over it, cover it with a layer of cloth and clay. Let it dry np. Then remove the layer (of cloth and clay) to the sides and take out mercury (from inside). Feed any body with that mercury rati 2 or 3 together with belt pipar by putting Ficus Tsiela (pipadi) and Caryophyllus aromatus (lavang). If a dose equal to 1 or 2 or 3 mandala is taken, (doess of pills) all diseases go away. There will be double appetite.2 Purify mercury is sugar till sugar remains white. It becomes black, Next rub it in the juice of Bhitabhedi (a kind of plant) in a mortar for 1. SRSS., Ch. 4. 30 2. SRSS., Ch. 5. 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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199 40 praharas. Next put it into an iron pot and stir it up with an iron rod, put the juice of yellow Myrobalans (Terminalia chelula) (Halola). Give fire of wood under it (iron pot). Put the juice till mercury becomes lime (like) (cuno). Take 1 dose equal to the size of rice, appetite becomes double. Salty and sour things are to be given up.1 From the flower of Aloe vera, Aloe vera flowers which remain (exist become healthy (luxuriant). Take yourself the juice of its leaf (patha), crush the tip of the flowers in the juice of Aloe vera and Cinnabar in the juice of Aptipa (a kind of plant) for 7 days. Give fire-dipagini to the whole thing in a Velukayantra for 12 prahrras. Gonorrhaea is cured with the prepared medicine. There takes place an appetite of 5 srs." Take Mally (Somalakhara)=oxide of arsenic ta. 1orpiment 14, mercury ta 11, copper pai. 1, give the root of Horse drum stick=horse radish tree, and the root of Calotropis gigantea respectively under and over them, next give them gajaputagni for 4 praharas. All action becomes successful. It will be best in taking3 Take the root koarasaniya (ajamo) (guizotica abyssinica or Hyoscamus niger), its bark ta 2,, ajano (Bishops' weed) ta. 21. If this much is taken every day, it is useful in the case of lost sexual capacity and lumonr goes away. . Put the leaf of Fudedi-(a kind of Vanaspali) sr. and gohalipatra (Leaf of Gohali=a kind of vanaspali), sr. into an earthen vessel and close it, give it fire for 1 prahara. The medicine thus prepared increases appetite; it is very efficatious. Grind pure iron st. and mercury pai. 1, juice of Munjala) (a kind of vanaspati, i sr. and put the whole thing into an earthen vessel and close it, give it fire for 1 prahara. The essence prepared thus increases appetite. It is very beneficial. Put together copper, zinc, silver, steel of equal weight, borax pai. 14 bhar (or) otherwise double and melt them. The essence? is produced in our dream (according to own imagination). 1. SRSS., Ch. 8. 14 2. SRSS., Ch. 9. 58 3. Ibid., Ch. 9. 59 4. LRSS., Ch. 10. 3 5. Ibid., Ch. 10. 4 6. SRSS., Ch. 5. 27 7. Ibid., 10. 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 Reduce to paste mercury in the juice of pualia (a kind of plant), put linseed oil into it and give it fire; (it becomes) medicine for taking. 1 Rub that (mercury ?), which comes first of own accord in Buti (Trachyapermum roxburghianum ?=Bodi Ahamoda) and give it 7 putus. (roastings), put it into an iron cup. Over it give puta to these threeDadimiu Somala (a kind of oxide of assehic) ta. 6, China Camphor (Chiniu Kapura) or China smilex and realgar just with the juice of lemon, first give them dipagani and next hathagni for 64 praharas; go on putting the juice of that plant into an iron cup, if desire comes up. Mercury gets fixed well be an in essence is prepared. There will appetite, if taken.? Rub mercury sr. in the juice of bitter long gourd-1 sr., in the juice of the leaf of Calotropis gigartea 1 sr. and in the juice of the leaf of Euphorbea nivuia 1 sr. for 5 prabaras. Next give it fire for 15 praharas. (If taken) one's appetite becomes double. Remedies of gastralgia, etc. Reduce to paste mercury pai. 1, sulphur pa. 1, somala samkhiu (oxide of arsenic) ta. 3, photara (not identified) ta 13 and give gajaputagni to the whole thing for n praharas. Give 1 dose vala diet-molasses and butter milk are to be taken, salty and sour things are prohibited. The medicine controls gas. Put orpiment to. 2 seed of Croton tiglium (Nepala), Castor to. 2, and sabu to. 2 (Horse purslane or something else) into an earthen pot; put an iron cup over it give a strong seal to the cup. Take oil which comes up. Put that (it) into the jnice of Neem for 7 days. Next it will come into action (use).5 Take Arsa (in asesu) tyapo (not identified) 1; turserjasapi (not identified is to be cast into it. It becomes Dhatuvedhi (metal piercing); many diseases go away (i. e. are cured) by the use of this medicine.6 1. Ibid., 10. 18 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 9 3. SRSS., Ch. 5. 23 4. SRSS., Ch. 5. 25 5. Ibid., Ch. 10. 15 6. SRSS.. Ch. 10. 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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201 Remedies for Piles and Jaundice Incurable haemorrhage (bleeding or piles) and jaundice go away by the use of stool (excreta) of rat, give it to the patient afflicted with the said diseases with butter-milk (Chasi) ta . true!. Remedy for Gonorrhoea Give 1 pata (roasting) of clipla alb = wedelia calendulaca (Bhangra) to black mica, 2 patas of datura meta, 1 pata of Calotropis gigantea, 1 pata of Euphorbia pilulifera (Nagadudhi), 1 pa. of purple tephrosia (sarapamkha), 1 pata of adventious branch of Banian tree (vadavai), 1 pata of cow's urine (to it), each pata is fallowed by the heat of fire for 1 hour?. Medicine : Visama jvara (typhoid fever) goes away (if the medicine thus prepared is taken), it is to be taken with butter made of she-buffalo's milk; all gonorrhoeas (sychotic diseases) go away (i.e. cured) (if it is taken). Put coral sr. and black mica ta. 1 into an earthen vessel, fill it up to that extent till (as, they get sunk into the milk Aloe vera; give the whole thing gajaputagni. Take the clay of the house of a potter. Next dig a pit equal to the height of the waist (of a man), fill two gathadis (bundles) of dry wild cowdung cakes into the pit. Place the vessel on fire of 2 bundles of dry cowdung cakes, fire becomes bright. Again and again, thus give them fire seven times. The essence benefits that much like: mercury. Its price-value will come as demanded by mouth (word). Sell 4 parikas (doses) for Rs. 1/; make fire strong. Cough, breathing trouble and semen trouble (gonorrhoea) stop, (if taken); give it fire for 4 praharas. Grind cinnabar in the juice of the flower of Segatha for 12 praharas, give it dipagni (fire of lamp) for 12 praharas all types of gonorrhoea are cured by this medicines. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 64 2. SRSS., Ch. 7. 1. 3. Ibid. , 4. SRSS., Ch. 7. 5 5. SRSS., Ch. 9. 60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 Remedies for impotency Rub mercury ta. 4 with the juice of red Ricinus communis (rakta erranda) with the juice of gandharva (Ricinus communis) for 3 praharas. Bind the pill or ball of it. Next make powder of glorisa superba (Dudhiu vachanaga) by crushing it. Then make 2 vatakis (cups) by crushing lead with the milk of Calotropis gigantea (arkadugdha). Do as such that samputa (sara=lid) sits fully on it; put pill into it. Close the lid and dry it up. Next get it dried up by wrapping or mingling (viti) it with powder (Kanake). Next get it dried up by wrapping or mingling in (or with) cowdung; put it into the earth by digging a pit of 12 angulas, depth give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes for 12 ghadis (1 ghadi = 24 minutes) in the month of Bhadra. It is true. This Ruhagnahya (not identified) mudrika (ring) is held on (put on) the waist, there becomes, fixation (erection) of penis (Sthambhanam). It is his own conception on diseaselessness'. Rub mercury ta. 9 (in a mortar) in the juice of Fudedi? - (a kind of plant ?) for 1 day, in the juice of c. antichorus (Bahuphalt for 1 day and in the juice of purple Lippia (Jalapipar) for 1 day. Rub it in pongamia glabra (Kanajhi = kind of oil for making soap) and onion for 1 day and in egg of hen for 1 day. Next make a crucible of day (earthen crucible) put chotra (not identified) ta. 9 (piece of bark or husk or shell, into it by crushing it.. rub mercury over it, rub chotra over it. Close the samputa, heat it in a gajaputa. On its being cooled down, take it out: Give 1 rati only to a person; it is very much sex-exciting. Add anupana (Complementary medicine) of the wood of piper longum (pipal) to it. If 1 rati of Kesar (Mesua ferrea), 1 rati of lavang (Caryophyllus aromaticus) are taken, there take place an appetite and the nourishment of the today. It is sexual desire exciting. If it is taken with piper longum, constipation stops. (i.e. gets cured). If it is taken with honey and piper, typhoid goes away (is cured). Reduce to paste mercury ta. 9 with ocimum sanctum for 1 prahara, grind it with Nohera (not identified) for 1 prahara. Next combine (mix) pure sulphur ta. 9 realgar (ta. 7), sweet scented oleander (Nerium odorum) 1. SRSS., Ch. 6. 25 2. If it is not identified 3. SRSS., Ch. 6. 32. For Personal & Private Use Only

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203 ta. 7 and Somalakhara (oxide of arsenic) ta. 3. by crushing them, pound them to powder. Bring one big earthen bowl of big mouth. Make a round piece of white mica by cutting it and put it into that (bowl) and close (Cover) it with a new lid or plate (carudo=vasana), put mercury over that mica. Cover it up again with mica, make 2 pieces of mica and 2 pieces of Chanda (not identified), put the plate over it, close the mouth so that smoke does not come out. After that, fill sand into the jar (above) up to the brim, give it fire for 3 praharas by putting a layer of cloth over it. Take it out on its getting cooled down. Best medicine is produced) (it is to be taken) with honey and piper (long pepper). Appetite will be felt, it is sex-exciting. True. It is very much good'. Take cinnabar ta. 1 mercury ta. 1 and gola (garbha=core) of Ferula (Foetida). Make pill out of them, measuring the size, of gram. It is good in the case of impotency?. Take out the bark of the root of Kharasamdiya (Euphorbia Tirucalli linn = Milk Bush) ta. 25 Ajamo (Trachyspermuammi syn-Carum copticum or ptychotis ajawan ta. 1. Take this much every day; thus for 50 days, it is good in the case of impotency. True. Round tumour goes away. It is the best of all opportunities?. Dry up the bark of the root of Sarakhandiya (Kharasamdiya ?) in the shade. Combine together the two - its powder ta. 2 and ajamo ta. 2: Make the process with water everyday for 40 days. It is good in the case of impotency. Medicine for impotency Take black curculigo orehioides (Kali Musali) ta. 3 white curciligo orchioides (Dholi Musali) ta 3, Bombax ceiba linn (Mocarasa) (Salmalia malabarica) ta 3, essence of Tonospora cordifolia (galo sauva) ta. 3, Antichorus (Bahuphali) (ta) 3, Astercantha longifolia (Ekharo) (ta) 3, Tribulus Ter (Gokharu) (ta) 3, Cowhedge plant (Pucuna Pruriens) 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 23. 2. Ibid., Ch. 9. 24. 3. Ibid., Ch. 9. 24. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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* 204 (Kaucan) (ta) 3, Malavani-Bavaci (Purple Fleabane ta. 3, Balavija-3, cublba officinalis (canak baba) ta. 3, Blephares edulis Pers (Ultegana) ta. 3, Conessei bark=Holarrhena anti-dysenterica (Indrajava) ta. 3, anacyclus pyrethrum (Akkalakaro- ta. 3. gum of vata (Vadagunda) ta. 3, Narrow-leaved sepiston=Cardia Angasti folia (Calta) 9) and Aconite palmatum (prati) ta. 9 mix sugar ta. 9, and bnuko (hask) ta. 13 into these medicines. Medicine prepared with these articles is useful in the case of lost sexual power!. Rub (or reduce to paste) mercury in thorn (katalo) Tribulus Tarofkalaphul (Evolvulus alsinoides), it becomes butter-like in 3 days. Next make a crucible of lippa nodifiora (gajapipar) give alum under and over and close its mouth. Su. (Silver ?) Give it fire of 1 prahara. Thus rub mercury in Tribulus and make a crucible of standing=galasi, give alum po. 1 and pa. kha. 14 under a over. Having rubbed it in this way, make a crucible of Hastipaga (Crucible of this shape), give samcoro lona (Sodiai chloradum) under and over. Give it gajaputagni for 4 praharas. Put po. kh. 1 into a red earthen vessel; next mercury ta. 1 go on putting powder (dust) of chaleta (not identified) go on stirring it up with root of (green) Vaga (measua ferrea ?). Under it burn the woods of Acacia catechu (Khadira). ana Mimusops hexandra (Rayana). There will be an appetite of 8 srs. (if tu medicine is taken) it is sex-exciting Make (break) somala (oxidie of arsenic) into pieces, put them into an iron cup, give it fire for 16 praharas. Give drops (taya) of the juice of brinjal to it, it melts like oil in gentle fire. Take Malla (oxide of arsenic) and cinnabar and sulphur six times more than these two. While making the pieces of cinnabar as equal to the size of red jujube put it into an iron cup. Combine all these-clarified butter of cow's milk pai. 2 sulphur pai. 2, honey pai. 2, gain, (not identified) and place them together on the oven, give it fire of coal for 4 praharas. After its melting, put Khara (ashes) of Achyranthus aspera (Aghada) into it. In this way give 30 putas to it. Next brind that csnnabar and give grains of rice-masa 1 into it. There takes place sexual excitement, if it is taken. 1. SRSS.,Ch 10. 2. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 12. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 57.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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205 Melt copper ma. 9 and silver ma 3, and put 1 rati of the essence into them.' Rub mercury in the juice of Ipomaa, close it into a copper samputa and fill rasa (juce) into it and close it firmly. The essence makes sexual appetite. Rub mercury into a coconut for 1 day and give it sunshine for 3 days. Next rub it in the juice of Bavi (not identified). Make pill, keep it into the mouth, semen is fixed (i.e. penis is fixed).'. Rub wet mica to. 12 and mercury to. 12 together. Rub sweetless honey (milo) and borax in clarified butter. Put the whole thing in a strong crucible and close it and put it into an earthen jar, give it bhathagni for 2 praharas. Next worship it by taking it out. Pill becomes viryasthambhi (i.e. it makes semen fixed.) Boil the juice of the leaf of lemon, the juice of the leaf of tamarind and the juice of the banana leaf in equal portions and smear the penis, enjoy the wife. The penis gets fixed (erected ?) like that of a dog. The fixation of the penis (takes place) Trues. Rub together the root of black cirami (not identified) and that of Veu (not identified) and smear the penis as said before. Rub mercury ta. 9 in the juice of cowdung for 1 day, in curdwater, in curd for 1 day, in the juice of Agathia (Agastya glandiflora) for 1 day and with the seed of Mimusops Lexandra (Rayana) for 1 day. Next grind Luffa Echinata ? (Kukada chaleta) 7 (ta) and make it fine; combine together the root of Sonchus aruenois. (sahadevi) ta. 5 and put it into a crucible, fill half with husk and the roof of Sonchus aruenois (Sahadevi) over it, take (eat) sweet (Curamu). Lost sexual comes up?. 1. Ibid 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 13. 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 34. 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 37. 5. SRSS., Ch. 12. 12. 6. SRSS., Ch. 13. 13. 7. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 Fry the seed of Kakaca (not identified) with clarified butter and take it with sugar, it is good in the case of impotency, gas of the abdomen gets cured. It is also sex-exciting! The second kind - administer this medicine to a patient by combining these four things - juice of betel leaf, juice of ginger, juice of onion and juice of satavari (Asparagus racemosus) together 1 sr., honey ta. 5 and clarified butter ta. 5 every day up to one month. Lost sexual power returns to him?. Birth of Male Child Drink the essence of Sebala (Ferula sumbul or Vitex trifolia) bha 4, Devadaru (Cedrus deodara) bha; 4, Bijoru (Citrus medica) bhara 8 with cows' milk after three days of menstruation, salt and sour (thing) are to be given up. (There will be born) male child?. Remedy for removal of poison from the body Take the juice of wild Amaranthus tricolour var. tristis (Tandalo)sr. and clarified butter a sr. Any kind of poison comes out of the body, if they are taken together. If the juice of Soapabery (Trifoliaus sapindus), pressed on of its chali (bark) is drunk with water, all non-moving and moving poison will come out". Medicine for conteracting poison If cinnabar ta. is taken with water of sour curd at day time poison comes out from the bellys. Remedies for cough, etc. Combine together borax 1 (ta), mercury 5 (ta) tin 3 (ta), drye ginger 4 (ta) and Elettaria Cardamomum (elaci), give the (the whole thing) ginger-putas (roastings) and 7 putas (roastings) of beetle leaf and mix the whole thing with Borneo comphor ga.1 is If a pill of these combinations measuring the size of a gram taken, khayan-vikara disease goes away. 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 30. 2. Ibid. 3. SRSS., Ch. 12. 22. 4. SRSS., Ch. 6. 16. 5. SRSS., Ch. 12. 31. 6. SRSS., Ch. 12. 31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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207 Remedies for fever Put mercury ta. 30 into a chinese pot. Fill it up with the urine of donkey 25 srs., close its mouth, keep it into a village dustbin for 6 or 7 months. Perhaps (if ever) the urine does not get dried up, keep it there for 1 month again. Pra. de. pohara 1, ha, 2. (not deciphered). Manibhadra pill is used in old fever'. Make lump of mercury ta. 5 and trapu (a king of tin) ta 5, soaf cinnabar ta. 5, Trigadu (not identified) ta. 15, Caryophllus aromaticus ta. 5, Ficus Tsief (pipali or piper longum) and Alangium lamarku (cakalakaro) ta. 5 in the juice of ocimum sanctum and in the juice of betel leaf. If a pill measuring a gunja is taken, all fevers go away. The mixture of lemon 1, dried up date (Kharika) 5 and miri kana (grain of black pepper) 4 is administered in the case of a patient, suffering from bile and gas with Caryophyllus aromatics (lavanga) and misri (condensed) sugar and the diet-Khicadi (hotpetch) rice and pulse-Tuyar with clarified butter (is served to him) as much as liked by him, all types of fever go away. This pill is Jasavantavali?. Rub mercury sr. in a jhika (jug ? or vanaspati) for 1 prahara in Aloe vera and in turmeric for 1 prahara each. Rub mercury sr, in the juice of ocimum sanctum i sr. Make it lump and rub it in the juice of Bavaci (purple Fleabane-psovaha corylifolia) ; sr., rub it in the juice of Marhashi (Spilanthus oleraces) sr. and Nagaladudhi (Eupborbia pilulifera) sr. Sakandara which is just like Sarakhandiya, the leaf of which is like jhijharu (biophytum Sensitivum) or the flower of which is yellow. Its leaf is like that of samkhaholi (Ctendepis cerasiformis). But its juice is very much sticky. If it does not come forth, take it with ocimum sanctum. Boil ocimum sanctum. Boil that juice sr. and the juice of Sakandarta and take it out, put it into a Dolikayantra, Make 4 balls by preparing lump of the juice of Amkoli (Alanguim lamarkii) 1. sr. 1. SRSS., Ch. 13. 2. 13. x. Sunth, maric and pipal=trigadu 2. SRSS, Ch. 9. 21. 3. Ibid., Ch. 9. 22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 Make 2 crucibles of clay of potter and get them dried up. Put the balls into it and close it. Put a layer of cloth and clay over it, give a layer of cloth and clay by crushing salt and coal, give a layer of cuno katho (lime) salt, chalk on one joint of the earthen bowl, give the other three as said before, give 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. By drying it up, bring katho 1 put one earthen bowl over that; put samputa (lid) over that, give it fire of or 3 maunds of dry wild cowdung cakes, on its getting cooled down, take it out. Make 60 pills by combining mercury to 1, Kesara to. 1, (Mesuaferra) Javantrt (Myristica fragrans) to. 1, and Lavanga (caryphyllus aromatieus) to. 1 with the juice of betel leaf. All types of fever & cough and chilliness go away by partaking of this medicine, The pill is called Mahadeva Vyasavali. All fevers go away in 7 or 8. days!. Rub cinnabar ta. 3 with lemon juice of lemon) for 4 ghadis. Rub mercury ta. 3 in the juice of ocimum sanctum, combine together these eight things - Jayaphala (Myristica Fragrans) ta. 3, Akalakari (Alangium lamarkia) ta. 3, dry ginger ta. 3, pipari (Ficus Tsiela) ta 3. and black piper ta, 3, and crush them with the juice of lemon and make pills of them equal to the weight of 2 grains. Purify Vachanaga (Aconite ferox) and mix it in milk ta. 3 as said before. Having ground lemon piece 1, black piper 4, misri (condensed sugar) ta. 2, make 4 pieces of pill. Next quench these four things. Fever goes away, if used for four days give a pill equal to the size of 1 bhar gram in the case of small boy Give the pill to a patient of bile by crushing it in grapes. Give the pill to a patient of gas by crushing it in Myristica fragrans, give it to a patient in the case of typhoid fever by crushing it with the juice of lemon as it is marvellous. Give small leaves of Dat wrapping them with molassess for 3 days. Intermittent fever-tryahik and caturahnik (i. e. mateia fever coming on the third and fourth days alternately, fevers will go away, if taken), it is experimented?. 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 25. 2. Ibid., Ch. 9. 27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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209 Make pills of mercury ta. 2, malla (Somalakhara) oxide of arsenic ta. and, black piper nigrum ta. I. dhusa ta. 1, and borax ta. 1 by combining them with the juice of lemon measuring the size of a gram. All fevers go away, (if they are taken)? Grind lead ta. 3, cinnabar (ta. 3) purified in milk with the juice of lemon for 4 ghadhis (4 x 24=96 minutes, reduce mercury ta. 3 to paste in the juice of ocimum sanctum, combine these three and grind Trigadu (Sunth, maric and pipal) ta 9 Myristica ragrans ta. 3, and Alangium lamarkii (ta). 3) in the juice of lemon for 4 ghadhis (4 x 24 minutes), Mix these 8 things and make pills, measuring the weigh of 2 grams. Fever goes away; if it becomes chronic, the pill should be given to the patient with the juice of 1 lemon, misri (condensed sugar) ta. 21 and 4 black pipers, In regard to the diet, he is to take khicadi of rice and tuyar dal (a kind of pulse) with clarified butter. give him. Jauli ghee-Kita (seed) for 3 or 4 days all, all types of fevers go away; rheumatic fever also goes away." Tailavidhih (The process of making oil) and Remedy for fever, Bring Indigo (Nili=gali) and dry it up in the shade. Next take its oil in Patalayantra. Rub mercury in the juice of centipeda orbicularis (Chikani) it becomes fixed, Put it into an earthen vessel and give it ge fire, give it drops (taya) of the juice of portulacaea oleracea (Luni). Take 1 rati out of thc | sr. killed mercury is be to take with piper betel or nine minerals ? (navarasa) or some kind of plant ? fever goes away; disease goes away.3 Remedies for skin diseases. It Make the pieces of the root of pentapetes phoenicia (Boporiya) and and boil them in Tamdalaja (Amarantus polygamous) till the vegetable is well cooked. Next take it out and boil it in cow's milk in a Dolikayantra. Then crush it, a pill of it measuring 4 Tuyar (a kind of pulses) is to be taken with water. Besides., salty and sour things are not to be taken, but only curmu (ladu of wheat with clarified butter and gud) bread is to be taken. sweet rice, sugar and cold drink (of saravat) are to be taken. Every kind of boil goes away within-7-14-49 days, It is said by Manigalaji of Navapura. 1. Ibid., Ch. 9. 28. 2. SRSS., Ch. 9. 29. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 28. 4. SRSS., Ch. 7. 9. For Personal & Private Use Only

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210 Drench Emblic myrobalans (amla) pai. 1 and sulphur (umtiu) Jamavali pai. 1 with the juice of lemon for 3 days and apply the medicine on the affected skin. Lukharasa (urticaria ?) eczema (Kharajua) leucoderma (Karolia) and itching (Kharajia kind of skin disease) disappear on the application of this medicine. i.e. get cured.' Make ashes by bruning Emblic myrobalans. Smear the body with lime (Kalicuno) by putting oil into it. Then sit in the dila (hot) sunshine for 3 days. voughness (lukh) goes away." Grind cinnabar to. (1) and Kita (dhatumala) in the clarified butter and smear it on the body; any type of eczema goes away.3 Fry onion and leaf of Neem in the clarificd butter by melting (them). Put Rala (yellow resin) ta. of and wax ta. 9 into it, wash ointment with water 7 times. All blisters or ulcers (Camdas) go away.* Make powder by grinding Sabarsing (horn of savara? or Savara= lodhar ?), put honey into it, heat ointment combined with Neem and onion together with honey and grind it, Then put it (the prepared medicine) into the sceptic ulcer. The sceptic ulcer gets cured within 7 or 21 days." Give borax under and over calomel ruberb Ranecini (Revanacini) and Mesua ferrea (Nagakesara). Take Khurasani Hingalo (cinnabar) 5, Bishap's weed=ptychotis (ajamo) 5, khurasani ajamo 5, Krimani ajamo centipeda orbicularis (Chikani), lead 5, jarcinia (Revanicini) morellea desrous 5, curcuma angustifolia (tavakhira) 5, Alangium lamarkii (Akalakaro) 5, Conessei bark (Indrayava) 5, croton tiglium (Nepala) 5. Give all these medicines under and over, put them by crushing these in Aloe vera (Kumari), lamparachoen microcephalum (Brahmadandi) ginger (adraka), datura, garlic, onion, brinjal. Citrullus colocynthis (Indravaruni), flower of horse radish tree Saraghunpuspa. flower of white oleander (Sveta Kanera), Nerium odorum (sonaholi) pitahalola (Yellow teminalia 1. SRSS., Ch. 8. 16. 2. Ibid., Ch. 9. 61. 3. Ibid., 9. 62. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 63. 5. Ibid., 9. 64. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #404
chebula), popati (a kind of vanaspati) Kulari (Setaria glenca) and Bandali (Luffa echinata=kukadaveli; put the above mentioned medicines under and over. Hamsapaka (a process of medicinal cooking is to be performed for taking. According to own concept it is written. Heat Malla (oxide of arsenic) as described in the aforesaid Kakido Samputa and apply it with clarified butter. The sceptic ulcer goes away, if applied. Grind phudedi (not identified) and apply it on the ulcer, the sceptic ulcer goes away,3 if applid. There is boil an the head, it is bandaged by making bread of phudedi it is cured in seven days, all headaches go away by the application of this process. + Rub mercury with the oil of Nut (Badam). If it is applied on the face, its blackness goes away. If purple tephrosia (Sarapamkhanu) is taken with honey, the burning sensarion goes away, True. Remedy for Elixir vitae The processing of hill water is written. There are four colours of hill water, viz, white, yellow, red and back. (1) One is ksanavedhi (piercing in a instant) (2) One is praharavedhi (piercing in 1 prabara.) ) One is dinavedhi (piercing in 1 day) and ) One is astadinako vedhi (piercing in 8 days). One is pani cadasadinavedhi. ppiercing in 15 days). (6) One is navati dinavedbi (piercing in 90 days). (7) One is satmasavedhi (piercing in six months) and (8) One is varsadinavedhi (piercing in one year=365 days). 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 68. 2. SRSS. Ch. 10. 49. 3. Ibid., Ch. 10. 50. 4. Ibid. Ch. 10. 51. 5. Ibid., Ch. 10. 52. 6. SRSS., Ch. 10. 53. For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 Three woods have fallen in that water and their leaves also have fallen. Take that (Water), purify (mercury Copper) in that water. Keep it for two months, there it becomes like fire when heated. Next give fire to that mercury (i. e. heat it) it becomes linal like. Put it into a brinjaj and burn it in fire. It (mercury) becomes Nagavamgavedhi (piercing into lead and tin). If it, having the size, of half of a rice gram, is taken, one can enjoy 100 women. If it is taken with clarified butter, it makes the human body deathless. And if mercury is kept in the hill water for 12 or 21 days, it becomes gutika (pill). If that mercury is kept into the mouth whatever work is done by reciting the aforesaid incantation becomes 'successful. It is the process of all arts. Pound Viko (not known and identified) or that Khaciko, (not identified). if you rub it in cassia angustifolia (Sonamukhi) (or golden copper pyrite ?) it becomes Nagavangavedhi (piercing into lead and tin). True If it half of the size of a gram of rice is taken, anything can be eaten. It makes the body deathless, true.? Rub mercury in the hill water, if (it) is kept in Khirakanda (bhumikusmanda) (puerarial tuberosa) and next kept in hill water, mercury gets fixed and makes mouth. It is the process of thousand arts.3 Gutika (pill of mercury) becomes ulamta gadamta and piercing. Take it into a pot of long gourd or xant hoylum alatam, it does not stay in any other pot. Mix that qutika into water, Drink one spoonful of it, while the sun is rising. One will live for thousand, months. Mix mercury into Ferula foetida by making a hole into it give (put a lid over it. wrapping (1) vala in the tail of a cow, mix it into hill water. That mercury gets fixed and becomes soft. It is the best NagaVangavedhi capable of piercing into lead 2 and tin) If it is kept into the mouth, it strengthesis 5 much. (i.e. gives much strength). 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 1. 2. SRSS., Ch. 9. 2. 3. Ibid., 9. 3. 3. SRSS., Ch. 9. 4. 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 5. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #406
213 Rub gold ta and mercury to 4 in a mortar. Make a hole into the wood of Sivan (gmelina arborea) put it into that hole and give a lid into it. Next keep it in hill water; it becomes stone-like. Reduce it to ashes. If that ash, equal to half the size of a grain of rice is taken, one goes up to 1000 galus. 1 Rub cinnabar 1, orpiment 1 sulphur 1, realgarl, and mercury 1 in hill-water. Make holes into the wood of Sivan (gmelina arborea and Butea monosperam) (Khakpari) and burn the mixture by putting it into them respectively it becomes sarvadhatuvedhi (capable of piercing into all metals). & Grind (redude to paste) mercury pai. 1, sulphur pai. 1 and borax pai. in the juice of Aloe vera and fill it into an Aegale Marmelos (Bilvaphala) and close it up. Give it gajaputagni. Mercury becomes good in taking.3 Grind black paper in the juice of Damana (Sweet marjora) for 4 praharas. Make tablet and put it into an earthen vesssel, fill half of it with the juice. and make (lit) fire under it. When the juice gets burnt, then put dry wild cowdung cakes over it, the essence is best in taking. Take orpiment pai and powder of black pepper pai. 1, go on mixing 1-1 paisa bhar of pepper for 20 days, (take) only 1 rati of that orpiment. Appetite will be there, if taken), it is the nourshment of all etc.ments Al diseases go away. . . Rub mercury pai , cinnabar pai. 1], and vitriol (Kasisa) pai. 1, in the essence of grapes pai. 6 bhar. Rubbing tnem in the essence of grapes, dry up the whole thing, rub it in the ripe leaf of calotropis gigantea. Next put the whole thing into a earthen bowl and put 3 layers of cloth and clay over it. Dry it up and give it gajaputagni. Next give 7 putas to the essence with the milk of calotropis gigantea. The prepared thing, it taken, creates sexual appetite. There takes place the nourishment of strength. 1. SRSS., Ch. 9. 6. -a length equal to krosa." 2. Ibid., Ch. 9. 7. 3. SRSS., Ch. 10. 60. 4. SRSS., Ch. 10. 67. . 5. Ibid., Ch. 10. 68. 6. SRSS., Ch. 10. 69. For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 Mercurial Medicines and its curative powers Rub mercury ta. 5 in the juice of sweet bottle a gourd (Liagenaria vulgaris). Make lump of it, grind fresh lime and make galox with jaradyly of an earthen vessel (Kuladani). Make Khato'z into that put the lump of mercury into that, next give juice of sweet bottle gourd and dose it up. Put it into an earthen vessel, give it fire under it; lump gets burnt and becomes ash; on its getting cold, take it out, that mercury gets incinerated, it makes many benefits. Rub mercury ta 5 and cinnabar, ta. 5 with the Kernal (garbha) of a ripe wood apple (Aegale Marmelos), rub them with the milk of cow pai 1 bhar. In this way do it for 7 days. Next taking out the kernal of the second wood-apple, put it into that, seal it up, put 7 layers of wax and cloth over it and give it gajaputagni by filling the pit with dry dung of goat fos 21 days. Qn its getting cold. take it out, rati of the essence (thus prepared) is the rule in its taking." Other remedies for strength. Purify copper sr., next grind all these Samkhio somala (oxide of arsenic) to. 1, Aconitum ferox (Vachanaga) to. 1, borax to. 1 and salammonaic to. 1 in the juice of Achyranthus aspera for 4 days, apply 3 srs. of the juice of the juice of Achyanthus aspera. Next make thick tablets, Dry them up in the shade. Next make two earthen crucibles and one earthen bowl; put them into it; give 4 layers of cloth and clay over it by closing it; get it dried up, next dig 2 pits side by side into the earth, fill them with dry cowdung cakes and lit fire. Next when the fire becomes smokeless, then put the balls (or pills) into it (one) cover the fire, next make the fire of the second pit ready, before the first one does not get cooled down. Make it smokeless. Next by taking out the golas (balls or pils) from the first pit, put the same into the second. In this way make fire for 14 praharas. On its getting cooled down, take out golas, the medicine becomes white, it is accomplished; give (mix) a does measuring 1 a grain of rice into a leaf. It is efficacious, it is generator of appetits and strength.3 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 70. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 71. 3. SRSS., Ch. 13. 21. 1x. not clear ly. not clear 1z. not clear For Personal & Private Use Only

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215 Remedies generalities for various of deaseses. Epilepsy and Hiccougs : : If cuminum cyminum (Jira) is taken with vasipani (old water) of 6 month, the diseases of Rakta-pitta (blood-bile) goes away. If taken with the juice of ginger, cough and dyspohoca (breathing trouble) go away. If taken with rice water, epilepsy goes away and hiccough also goes away?. If collyrium is made with caryophyllus aromaticus (lavamga) and citurs lemon, all diseases of the eye go away, give anupana (trituration) rati with honey.2 Mutra krcchata (urinal trouble) scanty urination stops, (i.e. gets cured) if it is taken.3 If caryophyllus with clarified butter-rati 2 is given to a patient his jholo (a kind of disease) goes away." If one dose measuring only a til (Sesamum) is given with rice water, Mabarakhi (not identified) disease goes away, Huka, cuka, Nala, Barahalla (not identified) astaghulma (8 kinds of tumours) go away. If it is taken with water, giddiness stops, arthritis (or gouts) and bhrama-corangi (not identified) diseases go away, If mung (a kind of pulse) rice, wheat, clarified butter ta. 15. and 1 rota (bread) are taken, the weak becomes strong. Medicines for worms. Put the drops of the juice of camphor and padarupa (a kind of vanaspati) into the nose. The worms come out. Remedies for worms etc. Two worms of the nose fall out. Remedy : Take 1 sr, of centipeda orbicularis (Chikan) and 8 srs. of water, After boiling it, when water comes down to sr; take it out; put borax, (Tamkana) into it and give the juice of Amorphophallus com 1. SRSS., Ch. 7. 1. 2. Ibid., 7. 2. 3. Ibid. 4. SRSS., Ch. 7. 2. 5. Ibid, 6. SRSS. Ch. 9. 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 ponlatus, Blume (Surana) sr. and water of. centipeda orbicularis i sr. into it. Give puta (roasting) of and chinops Echinata Utakata with the milk of Euphhorbia (dudheli) & (Dandelion=taraxcum) (3) with udholi (not identified) and (4) with white drona (Leucas eephalotus) give fire to the four things (together) for 4 praharas. Sasaka (blue vitriol ?) melts in bone dust; copper metal melts in the hair of man; iron melts in salt.1 Take surokhara (Dotash Nitrus=Nitrate of Salt Peter) pai 3, mercury pai 1 and hair of sheep pai. 4, give them Dipagni and Bhadakagni Give ni to clarified butter (ghee -ajaye) 9 srs, and calomel pai 1: in a Dholikayantra for 12 praharas with 12 srs of fire-wood. Give a small pot into the mouth of an earthen vessel and close it. (Take) oil of Aucaardium2 srs., calamine sr. and copper sr. Smear calamine with (in) oil and heat it in fire and quench it in oil of Ahacardium six times, Take hair of sheep-4 srs. and mercury pai. 3, give Dipagni to them, (First) rub them in the juice Euphorbia pilulifera in that of Vadavai (adventitious branch of Banyan tree) in that of Sambhalf (Ferula sumbul) in that of Elephantopsus scaber (galajibhi) and put the whole thing on fire.. Medicine for Rheumatism Put lime (Kalicuco) 3, pure natron 1 sr. and water maund into a a big earthen vessel. Keep water 10 srs. Next put sulphur into a fresh cup or bottle and cover it wholly with layer of cloth and clay and give drops (tuya) to it. Sulphur melts, oil is produced. Rheumatism goes away. 3 Remedy for Tumour Reduce to paste mercury In jhika, (not identified) rub it in the juice of green (wet) purging cassia (girimallika=Kutaja). Next rub it in the milk of Thohara (Euphorbia nivuiia) for 1 prahara. Close it up in a samputa (lid) and give it fire of pasali 1 (inandful) of goat's dung, again rub it in milk, give it fire of pasals 2 of goat's dung. Thus increasing pasali, give goat's dung for 21 days. Dha(gu ?)lma (tumour) disappears, if this medicine is taken. 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 1. 2. SRSS., Ch. 10. 1x 3. Ibid., Ch. 9. 70. 4. SRSS., Ch. 10. 13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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217 Remedy for general diseases Make the liquid (rasa) of earth (clay) and saok (dip) a piece of cloth into it, wrap a bottle with it, warp thread over it, like that give seven putas to it. Next get it dried up, next close the mouth of the bottle (kupi) with clay by putting a piece of brick into its mouth. Next dig a pit measuring 1 gaja=3 cubits depth and 2 gajas=6 cubits on all sides. Fill it up with goat's dung put the bottle into it, fill in goat's dung over it, give it fire (i. e. burn it) for 3 days, go on taking out ashes and go on putting goat's dung. On its getting cooled down, take out the medicine from the bottle, again like that rub the medicine in the juice of ocimum sanctum up to 3 days, again put camphor ta. 5 and combine together by grinding, again fill up the bottle (kupi=casket) as previously done. Pour the thing into the juice of ocimum sanctun 1 sr. and close the mouth of the bottle (kupi) and put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. As before instructed, close its mouth and get it dried up. next give it fire of goat's dung up to 108 praharas by litting fire. Next on its getting cooled down, that essence is produced. Take it out from the Kupi (casket) put in into a bottle give rice (cokho) 1 bhar or 1 bhar into the leaf, it will destroy all diseases." Get Luffa Echinata into Centipeda orbicularis for 8 praharas, give taya to mercury ta. 5, with the juice of parpoti (oldenlandia corymbosa)1 sr. in a iron pot; go on giving the juice ta. 2/12 over it. In this way give all the juice. Hold on that mercury with an earthen pot or an iron pot into water, it (mercury) becomes like Somala (oxide of arsenic.) One rati of this medicine taken by patients, cures all diseases. Remedies for other diseases. (Khecari gutika prathama) Rub pure mercury ta. 3 (tola) in a mortar in oil-2/palas (=8 tolas), produced from the seed of black datura for seven days till there becomes the best form of mercury like leach.3 First mix it with the powder of phaseolus radiatus, then wrap it up with a strong thread. Dry it up with the survey to make the plaster of it thick like the small finger, dry it up again in the surays. When it gets dried up well, then cook it in mustard 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 13. 2. SRSS., Ch. 13. 27. 3. SRSS., Ch. 14. 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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218 oil, measuring 8 kgs (10 prastha), all oil gets burnt up till gutika (pill) is formed, place it max in a cool shade, then slowly take out the accomplished gutika. Next put the gutika into a strong jar filled with milk, when milk gets dried up, take out the gutika, put it into the mouth of a he-goat. As soon as that gutika enters into its mouth, it is seen as burning. It really excites sexual desire in the goat, but it does not affect the balance of health of its body, when it enters into its stomach, it gives certainly a sense of love. An intelligent man must test the gutika and a healthy man should put it into his mouth to verify the test. A sadhaka (experimentor or practiser) goes to one hundred yojanas with its power and can enjoy one hundred women. If it is kept into one's mouth, the striking from others on his body is not felt by him. If the gutika is kept into the mouth, it kills (cures) many other kinds of diseases without doubt." It destroys (i.e. cures) all those diseases which are found in between the tongue and the palate (talu), such as Kantha taluka, etc, etc. (a kind of mouth disease in throat, etc), uvula, long tongue, two tongues etc. which are too serious, seventysix kinds of diseases, heart diseases, 'nasal diseases. etc. The gutika named khecara prepared by the process of dhumavalokitarasa (mercury pierced by smoka), of jarita (jarana) and sarita (Sarana) in the essence of mica with mercury (vija), combined with the pyrite and iron falls (becomes effective) just by its throwing into the mouth, one becomes greatly worshipped by the gods, demons, the perfect beings and Indra, etc. Bhasma (ash of medicine or gold) measuring 1 grain of rice, mixed with butter should be given to a Napumsaka (an importent or a person 1. Ibid., 14. 2-4. 2. SRSS., Ch. 14. 5-10. 3. SRSS., Ch. 14. 11-12. 4. Jarana drut huesvanardi padarka. pare kesath jo. pak kiya jata hai/use jaran kahate hain, Pracin Bharatmen Rasayan ka vikasa, Dr. Satya-prakasa, p. 442. Tel Se bhari hur andhamusamen para dalakarusmen sona, candi adi. dhatuon ko dalakar jo vedh kiya jata hain arthat. visesa gunon ka udhbhavan kiya jata hai, use sarana kahate hain. 1bid. p. 444. 5. SRSS., Ch. 14. 13. 14. For Personal & Private Use Only

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of third sex) for three days. The patient should give up acidic stuff, curd, molasses, oil, salt and chilli with care by all means. The man (that person) should drink milk measuring twenty four prasthas and enjoy rice measuring seven seers and again clarified butter measuring five seers is to be drunk by him. The tativavida (one who knows this science) himself enjoys twenty one woman without labour even. When (if) the semen does not fall (get discharged), the sugar measuring three palas is to be taken, consequently hapiness is born or produced. 219 This medicine is not to be given to him in whose house there is no wife. If it is given to him, blood would come out of his penis. There is no doubt about it. Even an impotent becomes very much sex-excited (passionate) by partaking of this bhasma, just measuring one grain-of rice. I say, it is true. Medicinal ash is to be used by a patient afflicted with leprosy (Kustha) also by the method as said before. But he should take only roti (Indian bread) made of gram powder. It is to be used by a patient afflicted with leucoderma also by the same way as explained before, but it is to be known that the diet of boiled water (soup) of phaseolus mungo with clarified butter should be given to him by the process as said before. Even the disease of jaundice goes away on the use of the medicinal ash for three days and the taking of sathi rice by the way as saih before. Dropsy also thus goes away, if it is given by the way as explained before; the patient should take godhumathulika (grains of wheat) cooked with sugar. Medicinal ash measuring one grains of rice, if taken for four days destroys (cures) quickly the disease called stangajhola (comatose ?). But an intelligent patient should take the diet of phaseolus radiatus and rice (which is) called hotch-potch (Ksipracatika kichadi) for the cure of the disease quickly. That medicinal ash drunk with the combination of the juice of piper belt, as said before, together with the taking of diet-Godhumalapata, a kind of wheat preparation, destroys (cures) apasmara (epilepsy), a kind of vayuroga. For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 That medicinal ash measuring rati, taken for four days with the chief of Indian bread made of gram powder without clarified butter, destroys (cures) the dysponoea. (The breathing trouble asthma). The same medicine used according to the medical science destroys also instantly immediately) the disease-psoriasis (Kitikanagarabhikhyamapi) of different types. Here what is the use by saying too much. There is no case without death no doubt. This great nourshing medicine destroys all diseases. The medicinal recipe given by Jagadambu (The mother of the universe) with her own desire as mercy to those saluting her and revealed by her and known from the tradition of the gurus has become greatly unde saying like the golden man. One makes this uncomparable thing pure and accomplished like a shape of pill (gutika) by meditating on Hriikaram, etc. and taking pure mercury measuring 1 pala, every day only its one masa by saturating it with the juice of date three and rubbing it with gold-leaf measuring 1 pala in a mortar Grind together sky coloured sulphur, somala (sal-ammonjac), then white borax also in equal portion, each measuring two masas, as very fine (powder) and rubbing them with orpiment in a mortar, take it with the liquid of the juice of Aloe vera which is washing (Changing) the beauty of the body and smear the gutika with that which is stiky.3 Place it into a saraba (earthen lid) and place another sarab over it, wrap the whole thing (Sarab) with a piece of cloth smeared with day. Then cast it into the burning fire of dry wild cowdung cakes, the heat of which becomes bearable to fingers and take it out (the sarab from the fire) and make it cool, then take the medicine out (of the lid), by removing the cover of clay-cloth wrapped over it. A wise man makes treatment of it (Sanisksti) with one hundred two putas (roastings) by the aforesaid smearing and again heating it by fire 1. SRSS., Ch. 14. 2. 44.-61 2. Ibid. 14. 2. 62 3. Ibid. 14. 2. 63 4. SRSS., Ch. 14. 2. 64. For Personal & Private Use Only

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221 like that (method). The medicine becomes worthy by fifty putas (roastings) and then it is taken (accepted) within a pala (moment). The smearing of this medicine cures all diseases just as the great strong air (wind) removes a piece of cloud within a pala." The process of making medicinal pill (gutika badhavani vidhi) Bring the fruits of Neem tree (Liboli) i srs and take out its juice. The inner part (inside) of it is green. After that, crush the fresh seed of black Datura and take out its juice. Rub mercury 1; tolas with that juice for 3 praharas, that is, there becomes the pill and it gets. bound. Next put the pill into a Sarab (earthen lid) and close it with the second Sarab and put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. Burn it in the fire of 50 dry wild cowdung cakes. On its getting cooked down, take it. There it bec dry. Gotikavidhi (It is the process of making pill). The processing of Calomel perchloride of mercury Cook mercury 1 sr., green vitriol 1 sr. and Saimdhava (Sea Sakt) I sr. There becomes Rasa karpura (Calomel) by this processs.3 Make a cup of zinc. Next take milk of Calotropis gigantea, put salt into it. it gets burnt. Then put the cup upside down into an earthen vessel. Next make (lit) fire it. then grind it and give it tuya up to 3 months. Then give it suryaputa (roaeting by the sunrays) for a month. That cup becomes powdered if not, give pata (roasting) to it again like that as done before. Close pade (not clear) pour the juice of Achyranthus (agthada) ta. 9 into a fresh earthen vessel, put copper 3 tolas into it, put somala (oxide of arsenic) 1 masa (into it), stir up the whole thing, cover it up, give it gentle fire (mandagni), take it out on its gelling cold. If it is bound by pouring it into a piece of cloth, the pill becomes marvellous. 4 The juice of Ravaloliya (a kind of plant) is very strong. Take 6 srs. of its juice and stir it up with the branch of calotropes gigantea. It is of 2 panktis (Pakas=cookings), give it fire of calotropis gigantea and stir it up in the juice of Wedelia calendulaca (Bhangra). It gets reduced to ashes. 5 1. Ibid., Ch. 14. 2. 65 2. SRSS., Ch. 4. 5 3. SRSS., Ch. 9. 43 4. SRSS., Ch. 9. 48 5. SRSS., Ch. 9. 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 Lit fire of dry wild cowdung cakes. Take salammoniac ta. 10, and lime (Kalicund) ta. 50, make lime finely powdered and put half of it under and half of it over in the vessel, put sal-ammoniac in between them. Close it and give it fire of dry wild cowdung cakes of 1 basket. There becomes jotaka1 (combination). Give 21 puras to samkhiu somala (oxide of arsenic) in the juice of lemon, dry it up in the sun 21 times. Thus give 21 time in the juice of Kantathohara (Euphorbia nivuila ?) and 21 atapas (21 heats) in the sun, 21 patas in the milk, of calotropis gigantea, 21 heats in the sun, 21 putas in the milk of calotropis gigantea, 21 heats in the sun, 21 putas in the milk of Kharasani ajamo (Hyoscyamus Niger), 21 atapas (heats) in the sun. Next give it 21 putas with the juice of a big lemon, 21 putas in Amorphallus companulatus (Surana) 21 putas in gourd and 21 putas in Indian squvill (Kelikand). Smear the joint. Medicine is ready? Grind these seven articles : 1. Katho (time mixed with Khayer) (Kadhir) 2. Lime, 3. Molasses, 5. Myrobalans (Terminalic chebula) (Harada). 6. Husk of rice and 7. sumdaranu (red coating of rice.) Close them into a vada (a kind of vessel) and put 7 layers of cloth and clay over it. i. e. close it. Shere becomes fotaka3 (combination) Dry up water in tin. Next put it into maund of milk If vomits (comes out). Its name is samtagutika1 The process of making medicinal pills. 4. glass Put mercury ta. 4 into the mouth of a frog and sew it. Next bring a black snake. But put that frog into an earthen jar and close its mouth. Then pour 15 srs. of oil into it and boil it, put the snake into it. When the boiling oil comes down to the point of 5 srs., take out the snake. See it by cutting it (making) into pieces, gotaka is accomplished. Take it out. If luck favours, (he work gets done successfully) There becomes gotika, it is true.5 1. SRSS., Ch. 10. 9 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 25 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 26 4. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 38 5. SRSS., Ch. 3. 78 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Next keep each piece separately into the fruit of seven-leaved (Satpada) datura, press one leaf of datura every day and put the juice into the fruit. Do it this every day. Keep them by your side by putting them into a bag, while getting juice. (every day), there will be mouth into the pieces (of the body of the snake) after six months. Amongst these gutika two kinds of gutika are produced. One is the accomplished gotika of frog, it is called Budanta. Its importance (or power) is now stated. A river flows, even then one can cross the flood water, water will get divided (separated) to (on) both sides. This is the process of Budantagotika.1 223 The second gutika is produced into the belly of the snake. Its name is called Gadanta gutika by which magic (or mieracle) is shown to the people. As a Gojin takes a cave, just so one (magacian) digst a pit and enter into it by keeping the gutika with him and is covered (spread) over with dust, he sits on the brink of the pit by coming out of it. The people do not see him. The people know that he is inside (the pit). The pit is filled up with dust. The people go to the house. The man himself roams about from country to country (or place to place) with pleasure. After some days he sends letter. The people ask where-from he has got out. This is the process of one gadamta gotika. These are the processes of two gotikas." Now the third is Udanta Gotika. Its process of making is written : A kite (bird) had made a nest. Take out an egg from it and pierce it with a needle. Put mercury ta. 11 into it, then put a cover over it by filling it into the nest, give incense frankincense to the nest for 2 or 3 days. After some days the eggs of the kite become large, then the kinds fly away after hatching. Next take out the egg and keep it in a separate place. Every day give fresh incense to it after taking food. Having given it (incense) put it in its proper place. A period of 6 months and 6 days is passed by doing thus. Then take out the egg, pierce it and look into it. gotaka is produced. Next if luck favours or Karma gets fulfilled, in case, there becomes mouth into it, there becomes Udanta gotika. If it is kept on hand, one goes to 1. SRSS., Ch. 79. (1) 2. SRSS., Ch. 3. 79 For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 the place of which he thinks. He will come back by going to a distance of 100 or 1000 gaus1 (easily). This is the process Udamta jutika Now is the process of making the fourth gotika :-- Sow satpado (seven petalled) datura in an earthen pot. After its growing large, make a hole in between two joints and put mercury (into it) and put wax into the hole. Keep it for 6 months and 6 days in this condition. Next see it by splitting its branch that gotika, is lying into its stem and root and into the earth by the side of its root. Take it out by digging earth a spade. Having taken it out from there, keep it with you. The king and the subjects (people) becoms loyal (Obedient or submissive to you by its influence or power. If there becomes mouth into it silver ts produced from trapu (a kind of tin) by applying it." 5. Now is the process of the fifth gotaka : Now the process of gadibadha gotaka is written. A famous hero dies by fighting in a battle, while confronting his enemy, his face gets cut off and his head falls on the ground. Take it. Having brought it to the house, put mercury into the mouth of the cut off dead soldier on Sunday and hang it up by the side of a stem of a tree. Keep it there for 6 months and 6 days. Next take it out gotaka (pill) is produced; one can fight 1000 soldiers by keeping it with him. The enemy gets defeated. This is the process making the fifth gotaka.* (1) There hill water at Kalyananagara, (2) at Girnar, (5) at Vegavala, (7) at Tumgiya, Location Hill water is written (9) at Ahmadanagar, (11) at Paranera, (13) at Bumdimnagrama, (15) at Kanyari, (17) at Sulapana, (18) at Avu, respectively. There are many others where hill water is located. 5 3. Ibid., 3. 80 4. Ibid, 3. 80 5. SRSS., 9. 8 (3) at Taranga, (4) at Gahuyari, (6) at Gaura parvata, (8) at Bhohagiri parvata, (10) at Bhatanara, (12) at Cirimara (14) at Bagalaua, (16) at Dharanagara, (18) at Ratnamala, 1. (a) Kind of Indian measurement of length of distance. 2. SRSS., 3. 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Second Section Occultism Take Kalaphu (Samkhavali Evolvulus asinoides) and Mehadi (Henna Lawsonia alb)- sr. and sathi rice sr. and cook (prepare) ksira with them in the milk of ewe (she-sheep) and take it. Hidden treasure is seen, take it out. After that it is not seen.' Make collyrium with the root of white calotropis gigantea-1 and camphor-1. This is the process of becoming invisible." 225 Take white Alangium lamarkii-1, camphor-1 and Patalamadh (a kind of honey ?), tie (bind) 7 leaves of piper longum (Ficus Tsiela); tie 7 layers of cloth over the eyes. It is dravyanjana.3 1. SRSS., Ch. 6. 11. 2. Ibid., 3. SRSS., Ch. 6.. 11. 4. SRSS., Ch. 6.. 12. 5. SRSS., Ch. 6.13. Take these four things-Khakasi (pistacia integorrima ? or sisymbrium irio) 1, Sahadevi (Sonchus oruenois), samkhahuli (Convolvulus inicrophyllus) and Uttaravaruni (Citrullus colocynthis), take their roots by reciting incantation on Sunday. Take them during the time of Dhanista Naksatra. Put them in the wick of Hiravani (Nagakesara Mesua ferrea), make light with clarified butter made milk of a one-coloured cold. One sees wealth by making seated a woman having Devagana. Extend invitation to Trinthema cystallina (Sathodi) on the 14th of Divali and take it out on the day of Divali and worship it. Next rub it with cow's urine and black pepper. Sakini says all names.1 Rub black sulphurate of antimony (Saramo kalo) 1, pork 1, placenta of a she-elephant 1 and placenta of a black shecat. 1 and wrap them up with eight kinds of metals, put them into a Madaliya (Kavaca) of eight metals. Names of eight metals are (1) iron (2), lead (3) tin. (4) Copper (5) bell-metal (6) brass, (7) Silver and (8) gold. One becomes invisible by putting it (maduli) on There is no doubt here." For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 Make collyrium by rubbing the roof of Istar, the root of Hepestes monniera (Brahmi) and the root of Corallocarpus epigaeus) (Nahi) upto 34 gadhis (34 x 24 minutes=84 minutes.) There is the process of making invisible, if it is applied. Rub mercury and sulphur 5 in the juice of Bhola (a kind of vanaspati), put it into a bottle and seal it up; place that bottle into a jalabhajana (water pot), give it fire of 8 days, in a Dolika Yantra. Take pa Talamadhu (a kind of honey or plant ?) before the sunset and satpula Kanavira (Seven-leaved sweet scented oleander) at the root, which has been taken at night, rub these two things and make netranjana (collyrium for eye). Tie 7 leaves of pipala (piper longum) over the eyes of a boy born in padajat or of Mulanaksatra. If seen into the mouth of Velaka (jrog) he sees wealth. A Tantric incantation (Mantra) : Aum Hrim srim Klim Aim tvam Cakresvanri samkhacakragadapraharini mama darsanam kuru kuru svaha 1" This mantra is to be recited 108 times in the evening. She will tell of auspicious or inauspicious things. 3 "Om salutation to Bhagavati; make and heavy rain in such a village. Atract and attract 12 pieces of cloud, svaha."4 The process of worship and Causing rain through it. Make 3000 recitations of this mantra (incanatation), make worship of the goddess with fragrant flowers, make sacrifice with gujala (Balsamodenron, mukul), Kanavira (Sweet scented oleander ?), clarified butter, milk and sugar for three days, Cloud Showers rain. There is no doubt here. Make a hole into a ksirakanda=Bhumi Kusmanda (pueraria tuberosa) and put mercury ta. 8 into it. Close the hole, keep it in cold water into 1. SRSS., Ch. 12. 32. 2. SRSS., 6. 15. 3. SRSS., Ch. 7. 4. 4. SRSS., Ch. 7. 6. 5. Ibid. For Personal & Private Use Only

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227 cold water for 21 days. Bytaking it out, make worship. Keep that gutika in the mouth. If your think of the desire born in your mind to go to some place, you will go there. I Take the seeds of these three-kalaphula melhina (seed of Fenugruk (Methi, having black flower) or Evolvulus alsinoides), 1 or Samo (Panicum colonum ?) and seed of Kanaghari (Digera arvensis). Take ksira (milk) of these three by cooking them in the milk of evel (she-sheep). One sees hidden (under ground) treasure. If he vo pits, he does not see it." Rub the root of Patala Tumbari (Ceropegia Scuminata) 1, the root of white satodi (Horse purslane), patalamadhu (a kind of plant ? or white kanera (sweet scented oleander) and make collyrium. Bind 49 leaves of pipala (Ficus Religiosa) on the eyes. one sees (under ground) wealth. If he is born in Mulanaksatra, he sees it or one who has drunk sees it. . Bind pata (bandage) over the eyes by putting 7 patas (pieces) of Mahivastra. Take 14 roots of white Butea frondosa of the northen direction. Apply the collyrium over the eyes of some one; he sees underground (hidden) treasure. 4 Fill up powder of copper and grain of sulphur into a doll and sprinkle water over it, it becomes hot. put the hand of a patient over it, say "your desease is gone," for it has come here. This is miracle. Take a deadleech on Sunday, give dhupa (fragance) to it for 8 days from Sunday to Sunday. Next on the second Sunday turn the beech and burn it with fire of pieces of sticks for cleaning teeth. Next take ashes of the peech. Mix it with sweet on the festival day. Apply just a little quantity of it, measuring a sesamum, on some body. The effect is enchantment (vasi) Dudadatta'mnayah.5 Bismear Jalaphul (a kind of flower) with elarified butter and make with its wick, on the 14th Divali at midnight. Make carbon (masi) with it. Stick it to the cloth of one woman at quiet time at midnight; she will be enchanted (Vasi) and will not leave your waist. 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 33, 2. SRSS., Ch. 12. 14, 3. SRSS., Ch. 12. 15., 4. Ibid., Ch. 12. 16. 5. SRSS., Ch. 6. 42 6. SRSS., Ch. 8. 10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 Make a ball of these five the stool of Makari (she crocodile) part, gorocana 1 (part), excreta (stool) of a bat (valgoli), sivanir malya (secred leaves and flowers used in the worship of the god Siva), silarasa (liquid storax : Altingiga excelsa) 1 parti and ash of Terminaliabelerica Roxb. smear it into the vagina of a woman. The man (male) will be enchanted. He will not desire (like) another woman. Combine together cat's vasana fator ctestes ?) vala rat's hair (Va) 1feather of Ulluka (akind of bird ?) and feather of a crow (Va), put them into wax and smear (touch) the head of a man (Siyyai sarane) by taking (remembering or reciting) his name. Both the female (woman) and the male (man) fight as a consequenc. Love is lost (between them), Take jasmine's root in the solar eclipse of eastern side, being naked, while the eclipse is taking place, rub sathi rice with water, and sprinkle it on an woman she becomes vasi (enchanted). Take the root of jasmine at the time of the end of the eclipse. She is released (by the power of) that root. Such is the rule of vadavai.3 Having written thus Vasi 7/7/47//21/74|| 621//908/), keep it with you. The one (she) who does not come (Like to come), she also will come. 4 Aum saturation to khakarsi Vetala. He whose name I give is affected by this incatation. If it dies not affect (him), it is the order of Brahmajala (god). If anyone who fears by seeing me dies. Oh khakariya Vetala, our strength manifeots. my will (desire) gets fulfilled. "Aum phuta svaha." Feed one 5 caryophyllus aromaticus by reciting this incantation, he or she will be overpowered or enchanted. Conclusion : The universe is composed of material substances and rediant energy. Jaina alchemy as considered in the light of the definition of chemistry 1. SRSS., Ch. 11. 2. 2. SRSS., Ch. 11. 3, 3. SRSS., Ch. 11. 4., 4. Ibid., Ch. 11. 5. 5. SRSS., Ch. 13. 1. 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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229 includes biology which deals with the substances that are present in living organisms and geology which deals with substances called minerals that make up the earth. There is an evidence of the earth-science in the Jaina Agamas. It is stated in the Jaina Agamast that the earth-lives are of two kinds : Subtile and gross, both of them are either fully developed or undeveloped (71). The gross and fully developed are of two kinds : viz. smooth and rough. The smooth ones are of seven kinds (72)-black, blue, red, yellow, white, pale dust and clay, The rough ones are of thirty six kind (73), viz. earth, gravel, sand, rocks, rock-salt', iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold and diamond (74), orpiment, vermition, realgar, sasaka, antimony, coral, a bhrapatala (mica layer), abhravaluka (mica dust). These are varieties of gross (earth) bodies and kinds of precious stones (75). Next there come the followings, hyacinth, natron, arka, crystel, lohitaksa, emarald, massaragalla, bhujamokaka and saphire, Candana, red chalk, hamsagarbha, pulakao and sulphur, cendraprabha, lapis, lazuli; jalakanta and suryakanta(r) (77). These thirty six kinds of rough earth have been enumerated. The subtile earth is but of one kind, as there is no variety (78). The subtile species is distributed all over the world, but the gross one is found in a part of the world only. 6 It appears from a study of the Jaina, Hind and Bauddha works on Rasayanasastra that their authors have classified earth-lives, or substances into maharasas (Superior minerals), Uparasas (inferior minerals), sadharanasasas (common minerals), ratnas (gems) and lohas (metals) in their respective works later on with the development of Indian alchemy chemistry and metallurgy and medical science for their utilization in the service of men and the society to remove their all miseries-povery, disease and old age with the aid of philosophy of mercury, etc. 1. Uttaradhyayana Sutra XXXVI, VV. 71-8, Sutrakstanga II. 3, SBE. Vol. XLV, pp. 213-14. 2. Lavanas. 3. The commentators only say that it is a kind of mineral-dhatuvisesa. 4. A medicinal earth, commonly called kamkustha.. 5. The enumeration contains thirty-nine, instead of thirty-six items as stated in the verse 73 and 76 of the Uttaradhyayana Sutra. 6. Uttaradhyayana Sutras, XXXVI; SBE, Vol. XLV., pp. 213-15, Jacobi, Sutrakrtanga II. 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 BIBLOGRAPHY JAINA WORKS Acaranga Sutra Bhagavati Sutra Brhatkalrpa Sutra Brhatkalpa Bhasya Jaambu Sutra Kalyanakaraka, Urgradityacarya Nagarjunividya Nayadhammakahao Nisithacurni Ogha-Nijjutti, Paradavidhi Pinda Nijjutti Rasaratna Samuccaya, Manikayadevasuri Sthananga Sutra Sutrakrtanga Suvarna-Raupya-Siddhi - Sastra, Jinadatta suri. Uttaradhyayana Sutra. Vadyaka Samgraha Vivagasuya BRAHMANICAL WORKS Arkapakasa, Ravana Bhavaprakasa, Bhava Misra Carpatasiddhanta Caraka samhita, caraka Dhaturatnamala Datukriya Rasakaumudi Rasaratnamala Rasaratnakara, Siddha - Nityanatha Rasaratnakara, Nagarjuna. Rasarajalaksmi, Visnudeva Rasaprakasa, Sudbakara Yosodhara Rasanaksatramallika Mathana Simha Rasasara, Govindacarya For Personal & Private Use Only

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231 Rasarnava Rasendrasarasamgraha, Gopalakrsna Rasendrakalpadruma. Susruta Samhita, Susruta BUDDHIST WORKS Ayoghara Jataka Dighanikaya Mahaniddesa Milindapanha Rasaratna Samaccaya, Vagbhat Vinayavastu GENERAL WORKS Abstracts of Scientific Section, Papers, XV International Science Congress, Edinburgh, 1977. A Cultural Study of the Nisitha Curni Dr. Mrs. Madhu Sen., P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi General Chemistry, Pauling. Hindu Chemistry (History of Chemistry in Ancient and Medieval period), Dr. P. C. Ray. Life in Ancient India, Dr. J. C. Jain Pracin Bharatmen Rasayanaka Vikasa, Dr. Satya Prakasa. Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, For Personal & Private Use Only

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