Prakrit Vidya 2000 07

Author(s): Rajaram Jain, Sudip Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Bharti Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521363/1

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atr deevii dhN 12, sNn 2, ISSN No. 0971-796 X g-s'iraak' 2000 v ahiMsaka arthazAstra kamaNDalu meM hI bhUmaNDala kA arthazAstra hai

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AvaraNa pRSTha ke bAre meM prAkRta-sAhitya meM 'dhana' ke bAre meM anekatra mArmika evaM upayogI udgAra prApta hote haiN| dhana' loka meM acchAI aura burAI --donoM kSetroM meM sahAyaka saMsAdhana hai| puNyopArjita dhana ko vivekIjana dAna, dharmaprabhAvanA evaM paropakAra Adi puNyakAryoM meM niyojita karake use AgAmI puNyabandha kA kAraNa bhI banA lete haiN| manISiyoM ne kahA hai ki "dhana aura jala bahatA huA hI acchA hotA hai, rukane para sar3ane lagatA hai|" mAtra saMgrahavRtti se dhana ke prati utpanna hone vAlA mohabhAva anekoM anarthoM kA kAraNa banatA hai| isIliye AcArya zivArya ne likhA hai-- "atthaM anntymuulN|" - (bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1808) arthAt dhana sabhI anarthoM kI jar3a hai| parivAra, rAjya evaM rASTra ke hita meM dhana kI Aya evaM vyaya ke bAre meM bhI jaina AcAryoM ne atyanta vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se mahattvapUrNa mArgadarzana kiyA hai-- __ "Aya-vyayamukhayormunikamaNDalureva nidarzanam / " -(AcArya somadevasUri. nItivAkyAmRta. 18/6) arthAt Aya (AmadanI) evaM vyaya (kharca) karane ke bAre meM zikSA lene ke lie munirAja (di0 jaina sAdhu) ke kamaNDalu ko Adarza banAnA caahie| arthAt jaise munirAja ke kamaNDalu meM jala bharane kA mu~ha bar3A hotA hai tathA kharca karane kA choTA hotA hai; usIprakAra AmadanI kA srota vyApaka ho tathA kharca kI maryAdA rakheM; tabhI vyakti, parivAra aura rASTra unnati kara sakate haiN| Aya se adhika kharca karanevAle vyakti sadaiva kaSTa pAte haiN| rASTra. udyogapati evaM gRhastha- tInoM ke lie kamaNDalu kA yaha Adarza apanAnA caahiye| rASTra kI mudrA para evaM vittamaMtrI jI ke kAryAlaya meM kamaNDalu kA citra isI abhiprAya se honA caahie| kyoMki arthazAstriyoM kA kathana hai ki Aya se adhika vyaya ke kAraNa hI bhArata kI sthiti dina-pratidina zocanIya hotI jA rahI hai| __ ata: anApa-zanApa dhana saMgraha karane, yena-kena-prakAreNa dhanopArjana karane kI lAlacI pravRtti kabhI nahIM karanI cAhie / vyakti ko apanI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa saMgrahavRtti karanI cAhie. isI bhAvanA kI kokha se 'aparigrahavAda' janma letA hai| mahAna gAMdhIvAdI rAjarSi puruSottama dAsa jI TaMDana ko pIne ke lie kisI se gilAsa bharakara dUdha diyA. to unhoMne mAtra chaMTAka bhara dUdha lekara zeSa dUdha yaha kahakara lauTA diyA ki "maiM kisI bacce ke hisse ke dUdha se apanI udarapUrti nahIM karanA cAhatA huuN|" ve nIti ke itane pakSadhara the ki do pena rakhate the. eka sarakArI kAma ke lie sarakArI syAhI vAlA aura nijI kAma ke lie apane paisoM kI syAhI vaalaa| AcArya cANakya bhI sarakArI kArya ke lie sarakArI tela kA va nijI kArya ke lie apane paise se kharIde tela kA dIpaka jalAte the| dhana ke prati maryAdA kI zikSA hI vyakti. samAja evaM rASTra ke sukhI. saMtoSI evaM unnatizIla banA sakatI hai| aura isake lie munirAja ke kamaNDalu se bhI zikSA lI jA sakatI hai| isIlie ise ahiMsaka arthazAstra bhI kahA gayA hai| -sampAdaka

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[ISSN No. 0971-796 x ISSNNo.0971-796x / / jayadu sud-devdaa|| prAkRta-vidyA PRAKRIT-VIDYA Pagad-Vijja pAgada-vijjA zaurasenI, prAkRta evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI traimAsikI zodha-patrikA The quarterly Research Journal of Shaurseni, Prakrit & Cultural Values vIrasaMvat 2527 julAI-sitambara 2000 I0 varSa 12 aMka 2 Veersamvat 2527 July-Septemober '2000 Year 12 Issue 2 - AcArya kundakunda samAdhi-saMvat 2013 mAnada pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina nidezaka, kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna Hon. Chief Editor PROF. (DR.) RAJA RAM JAIN Director, K.K.B. Jain Research Institute mAnada sampAdaka Hon. Editor DaoN0 sudIpa jaina DR. SUDEEP JAIN ema.e. (prAkRta), pI-eca.DI. M.A. (Prakrit), Ph.D. prakAzaka zrI sureza candra jaina maMtrI zrI kundakunda bhAratI TrasTa Publisher SURESH CHANDRA JAIN Secretary Shri Kundkund Bharti Trust vArSika sadasyatA zulka eka aMka - pacAsa rupaye (bhArata) - pandraha rupaye (bhArata) 6.0 $ (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara 1.5 5 (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 001

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sampAdaka-maNDala pro0 (DaoN0) premasumana jaina pro0 (DaoN0) zaziprabhA jaina DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI DaoN0 udayacandra jaina DaoN0 jayakumAra upAdhye prabandha sampAdaka DaoN0 vIrasAgara jaina zrI kundakunda bhAratI (prAkRta bhavana) 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 phona (011) 6564510 phaiksa (011) 6856286 Kundkund Bharti (Prakrit Bhawan) 18-B, Spl. Institutional Area New Delhi-110067 Phone (91-11)6564510 Fax (91-11) 6856286 'AmnAya kA vaiziSTya "vAcanA-pRcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezA: / " arthAt vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza -ye pA~ca svAdhyAya ke aMga haiN| "aSTasthAnoccAravizeSeNa yacchuddhaM ghoSaNaM puna: puna: parivartanaM sa AmnAya: kathyate / " -(Ao zrutasAgara sUri, tattvArthavRtti, navama adhyAya, 25) kaNTha, tAlu Adi ATha uccAraNa-sthAnoM kI vizeSatA se jo zuddha ghoSaNa/uccAraNa bArambAra parivartanapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai, use 'AmnAya' kahate haiN| dhana-kana-kaMcana-rAjasukha, sabahiM sulabha kara jAna / durlabha hai saMsAra meM, eka yathAratha jJAna / / ** kAtantravyAkaraNam 'kAtantraM hi vyAkaraNaM pANinIyetaravyAkaraNeSu prAcInatamam / asya praNetaviSaye'pi vipazcitAM naikamatyam / evameva kAlaviSaye nAmaviSaye ca yudhiSThiro hi kAtantrapravartanakAlo vikramapUrva tRtIya-sahasrAbdIti mnyte|' -likhaka : lokamaNidAhala:, vyAkaraNazAstretihAsa:, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, pRSTha 260) ** 002 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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kra. zIrSaka 01. sampAdakIya : samAjadharma 02. bIsavIM sadI ke mahAn adhyAtmaka sAdhaka AcArya zAntisAgara jI kI sAmAjika cetanA anukrama 03. 'AdipurANa' meM bimba aura saundarya 04. prAkRta kA lokapriya chaMda : gAhA 05. 'samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha' kI sUtrAtmaka zailI dRSTIkSa 06. he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao (kavitA ) 07. dazalakSaNa dharma 08. zikSA va saMskRti ke utthAna kI mahAn prerikA : ciroMjAbAI 09. ahiMsA hI vizva meM zAMti kA upAya 10. prAkRtabhASA kA svarUpa evaM bheda-prabhedoM kA paricaya 11. jainadarzana meM jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA 12. bhASA, vibhASA aura zaurasenI 13. suyogha hU 14. prAkRta-saTTakoM meM prakRti-citraNa 15. 'pavayaNasAra' ke maMgalAcaraNa kA samIkSAtmaka mUlyAMkana 16. 'prAcIna bhArata' pustaka meM kucha aura bhrAmaka kathana 17. ASADhI pUrNimA : eka mahattvapUrNa 18. pustaka-samIkSA 19. abhimata 20. samAcAra - darzana 21. isa aMka ke lekhaka - lekhikAyeM prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara 2000 lekhaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina dharmendra jaina anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha DaoNosudIpa jaina zrImatI bindu jaina zrImatI indu jaina zrImatI raMjanA jaina pRSTha saM0 vidyAvAcaspati DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva 14 pro0 ( DaoN0 ) harirAma AcArya 23 zrImatI raMjanA jaina 33 DaoN0 dayAcandra sAhityAcArya DaoN0 mAyA jaina zrImatI amitA jaina DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina zrImatI raMjanA jaina rAjamala jaina DaoN0 sudIpa jaina 4 9 38 40' 46 53. 21 22 23 56 60 65 71 74 81 85 95 99 103 106 110 00 3

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[sampAdakIya samAjadharma -DaoN0 sudIpa jaina manuSya ko 'sAmAjika prANI' ke rUpa meM Adhunika manISiyoM ne paribhASita kiyA hai| kintu isakI sAmAjikatA kA svarUpa evaM samAja kI paribhASA vividharUpoM meM milatI hai| Aja kI sAmAjikatA kA svarUpa apane mUla abhiprAya se bahuta haTa gayA hai| Aja milane-julane, goSThiyA~ kAryakrama karane ko sAmAjika kAryakrama' kahA jAne lagA hai| ina AyojanoM meM prAyaza: rAga-dveSavardhaka carcAoM kI bahulatA rahatI hai tathA khAnA-pInA, mauja-mastI Adi inake aghoSita anivArya aMga banate jA rahe haiN| jabaki mUla meM manuSya ke sAmAjika hone yA kahe jAne kA abhiprAya usake vyaktitva ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke lie paryApta avasara evaM paristhitiyA~ pradAna karanA thA aura isa prayojana kI siddhi ke liye bhIr3a-bhare evaM kharcIle kAryakramoM kA Ayojana prAyaza: apekSita nahIM thaa| pArasparika vyavahAra meM ziSTa evaM sahayogI banAne ke lie tathA unnati kI preraNAspada bhAvanAoM ke AdAna-pradAna ke liye manuSya ke sAmAjika-rUpa kI kalpanA Adhunika manISiyoM ne kI thii| prAcIna manISI AcAryoM ne isa bhAvanA ko manuSyoM taka sImita na karake prANImAtra taka ke vyApaka sandarbha meM dekhA thA aura ise "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" - (tattvArthasUtra, 5/21) jaise mUlamantra se saMketita kiyA thaa| ___ cU~ki manuSya ko saMjJI paMcendriyanA milane ke sAtha-sAtha vicAra, zikSaNa, saMbhASaNa Adi ke lie anya samanaska-prANiyoM kI apekSA adhika acchI paristhitiyA~ prAkRtikarUpa se milI huI haiM; isIkAraNa vaha sAmAjikatA ko vyApakarUpa meM apanA sakatA hai evaM usakA nirvAha bhI kara sakatA hai| madhyaloka ke hI anya samanaska tiryaMca Adi prANI apanI vicArakSamatA Adi ko adhika se adhika pArivArikatA yA sAmUhikatA meM hI caritArtha kara pAte haiM, jinakA uddezya prAya: daihika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taka hI sImita hotA hai| manuSya ina sthitiyoM se Age daihika sambandhoM se pare AdhyAtmika evaM vaicArika sambandhoM kI pradhAnatA se jisa samUhadRSTi kA nirmANa karatA hai, use 'sAmAjikatA' kahA gayA hai| isameM dRSTi evaM prayogoM kI vyApakatA aura udAratA mUla AdhArabhitti hotI hai| guNa-grahaNa kI DD4 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000

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bhAvanA evaM kisI bhI dRSTi se nirbala vyakti ko mAtra hitakAmanA se madada karanA sAmAjikatA ko AdhyAtmikatA vikAsa se lekara loka- ziSTAcAra evaM vyAvahArikatA kA vyApaka dharAtala pradAna karatA hai| sacce arthoM meM sAmAjika manuSya dhana-vaibhava Adi bhautika vastuoM kI apekSA pArasparika sauhArda aura sammAna ko adhika mahattva detA hai aura inhIM kAryoM se vaha zreSTha banatA hai / prAkRta-sAhitya ke mahAn kavi zUdraka isa viSaya meM likhate "satkAra: khalu sajjanaH kasya na bhavati calAcalaM dhanam ? ya: pUjayitumapi na jAnAti sa pUjAvizeSamapi ki jAnAti ?" -- (mRcchakaTikam, 2/15) - I artha - dUsaroM kA Adara-satkAra karanA hI sajjanoM kI sampatti hotI hai / bhautika dhana to kisakA nazvara nahIM hai? arthAt sabhI kA nazvara hI hotA hai / jo vyakti dUsaroM kA Adara-satkAra karanA nahIM jAnatA hai, vaha kyA pUjA ke vaiziSTya ko kabhI jAna sakatA hai ? mAtra laukika vyAvahArikatA hI nahIM, apitu udAtta AdhyAtmikatA ke vyApaka stara taka sAmAjikatA ko vyAvahArikarUpa meM prastuta karane ke liye jaina manISiyoM ne cAra prakAra ke 'anurAga' kI carcA kI hai-- 1. dharmAnurAga, 2. bhAvAnurAga, 3. premAnurAga aura 4. asthimjjaanuraag| ina cAra anurAgoM kA ullekha evaM inheM apanAne kI preraNA sarvaprathama indrabhUti gautamasvAmI, jinheM 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama gaNadhara ' ke nAma se bhI jAnate haiM, ne 'paDikkamaNasutta' (pratikramaNasUtra ) nAmaka prAkRtagraMtha meM kI hai-- "se abhimada jIvAjIva-uvaladdha puNNa - pAva - Asava-baMdha-saMvara- Nijjara-makkhamahikusale dhammANurAgaratto, bhAvANurAgaratto, paimmANurAgaratto, aTThimajjANurAgaratto mucchidaTThe, gihidaTThe, NiggaMthapavayaNe aNuttare se aTThe sevaNuTThe / " AcArya zivArya ne ina cAroM anurAgoM ko jinazAsana kA prabhAvanA kA sAdhana' batAyA hai-- "bhAvANurAga- paeNmmANurAga - majjANurAgarato vA / dhammarAgatto ya hodi jiNasAsaNe NiccaM / / " - ( bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 736 ) artha:- jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karanevAle vyakti ke bhAvAnurAga, premAnurAga, majjAnurAga evaM dharmAnurAga --yaha cAra prakAra kA anurAga nitya vartamAna rahatA hai / AcArya amitagati ne ina cAroM anurAgoM se yukta vyakti ko 'kucha bhI durlabha nahIM' hai, aisA kahA haidharma-bhAva-majjAdi- premAnurAga- raJjitAH / "ye jaine santi mate teSAM na kiJcid vastu durlabham / / " - ( maraNakaNDikA, 7/770) manuSya ko paripUrNa sAmAjikatA pradAna karanevAle ina cAroM anurAgoM kA svarUpa evaM prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara '2000 00 5

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unake prabhAvaka viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA ullekha AgamagranthoM meM nimnAnusAra milatA hai-- ___ 1.dharmAnurAgI:- ratnatrayarUpI (samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna-samyakcAritrarUpa), ahiMsApradhAna evaM dayAmUlaka dharma meM jisakI dRDhazraddhA evaM anurAga hotA hai, vaha 'dharmAnurAgI' vyakti hai| ise sarvazreSTha anurAga' mAnA gayA hai| samasta Asanna-bhavyajIvoM evaM sajjanoM meM yaha anurAga vizeSarUpa se avazya hI pAyA jAtA hai| isa bhAva se alaMkRta sajjanoM meM pUrvokta dharma ke sAtha-sAtha isa dharma ke dhAraka dharmAtmAoM meM bhI vizeSa anurAga pAyA jAtA hai aura usake pIche dharmalAbha evaM dharmaprabhAvanA ke atirikta anya koI bhautika svArtha nihita nahIM hotA hai| dharmAnurAga ko AcArya somasena vidya ne 'apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna' mAnA hai"yena kena prakAreNa jainadharma: prvrdhte| tadeva kriyate pumbhirapAyavicayaM matam / " -(1/35, pRSTha 10) artha:- jaise bhI saMbhava ho, vaise 'jainadharma kI prabhAvanA ho' --aisA vicAra karanA 'apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna' hai| ___ 2.bhAvAnarAgI:- acche kAryoM evaM acchA kArya karanevAle vyaktiyoM kI pratiSThA para koI A~ca na Ane pAye --isa dRSTi se jo nirantara sajaga evaM prayatnazIla rahatA hai, use 'bhAvAnurAgI' kahate haiN| yadi kadAcit koI vyakti ucca, pratiSThita pada ko yA veSa ko dhAraNa karake usake pratikUla nikRSTa AcaraNa kare; lokaviruddha, samAjaviruddha, dharmaviruddha kArya bhI kare; to bhI 'yadi isa pada yA veSa meM rahate isakA apamAna huA, to loga aise pada yA veSa ke dhAraka anya sacce logoM ko bhI saMdeha kI dRSTi se dekheMge aura unakA samucita sammAna nahIM kareMge' - isa vicAra se vivekapUrvaka usake doSa DhaMkatA hai| 'samyagdarzana' ke ATha aMgoM meM ise 'upagUhana aMga' bhI kahA gayA hai| isake bahAne pApAcaraNa ko saMrakSaNa nahIM diyA jAtA hai, balki dharmAcaraNa evaM sadAcAriyoM kI pratiSThA kI rakSA kI jAtI hai| 'bhAvAnurAga' ke viSaya meM jinadatta zreSThI kA dRSTAnta prasiddha hai| tadanusAra kisI cora ne 'kSullaka' kA veza dhAraNa karake jinamandira se chatra curAkara bhAganA cAhA, kintu pakar3e jAne para yaha kaha diyA ki "yaha to jinadatta zreSThI ne maMgavAyA thA, maiM to unhIM ke kahane para le jA rahA thaa|" bAda meM mAlI Adi ke dvArA jinadatta zreSThI ke sammukha pUrA vRttAnta prastuta kiye jAne para jinadatta zreSThI ne kahA ki "inheM chor3a do, ye nirdoSa haiM; inase yaha chatra maiMne hI ma~gavAyA thaa|" isaprakAra 'jaina vratI cora hote haiM' --aisA lAMchana lagane se bacA liyaa| kintu akele meM usa kSullakavezadhArI ko corI jaise duSkarma ke lie vacanoM se pratAr3ita bhI kiyA tathA vyApAra Adi ke nimitta sahAyatA dekara Atmanirbhara banAyA, tAki use puna: corI jaisA duSkarma na karanA pdd'e| 006 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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3. asthimajjAburAgI:- jaise koI apanI asthi (haDDI) se kabhI majjA ko alaga nahIM kara sakatA hai; athavA asthi svayaM majjA ko nahIM chor3atI hai, usIprakAra viparIta se viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI sajjanoM, sAdharmIjanoM evaM dharmAtmAoM kA sAtha nahIM chor3anevAle 'asthimajjAnurAgI' kahalAte haiN| isa viSaya meM AcArya amitagati ne pANDavoM kA dRSTAnta AdarzarUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| jaise pANDavoM ne bacapana se lekara sAdhanA kI dazA taka kabhI eka dUsare kA sAtha nahIM chodd'aa| dyUtakrIr3A meM hArane para yudhiSThira ko bhalA-burA nahIM kahA, apitu pA~coM bhAIyoM ne milakara vanavAsa bhogA tathA rAjya milane para bhI pA~coM bhAI samAna adhikAra evaM prema ke sAtha rhe| yahA~ taka ki dIkSAprasaMga meM bhI pA~coM bhAI sAtha dIkSita huye evaM unhoMne sAtha hI 'zatrujayagiri' para tapasyA kii| saMsAra se lekara mokSamArga taka aTUTa sambandha kA isase adhika anukaraNIya dRSTAnta aura kyA ho sakatA hai? vizeSata: isa yuga meM, jaba jarA-jarA bAta ke lie bhAI-bhAI meM korTa-kacaharI evaM kahA-sunI kI naubata A jAtI hai, yahA~ taka ki mArapITa evaM anya AparAdhika ghaTanAyeM bhI ghaTa jAtI haiM; samAja ke logoM ke lie pA~coM pANDavoM ke 'majjAnurAga' kA anukaraNa pArivArika evaM sAmAjika saMghaTanAtmaka DhA~ce ko sudRr3ha evaM Adarza banA sakatA hai| ___4. premAnarAgI:- sAmAnyata: saMsArI prANI anya sAMsArika saMbaMdhiyoM evaM vastuoM ke prati anurakti/AkarSaNa ko prama' kI saMjJA dete haiM; kiMtu isako ina cAroM anurAgoM meM kahIM koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| isake viparIta bhautika viSayabhogoM se haTAkara AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga para dRr3ha karane ko hI yahA~ prama' mAnA gayA hai aura ise caritArtha karanevAle mahAnubhAva ko pramAnurAgI' kahA gayA hai| __ isa viSaya meM AcAryadava ne maNicUla' nAmaka deva evaM 'sagara cakravartI' kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| maNicUla deva apane mitra sagara cakravartI ko sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM evaM rAjapATa se virakta ho saMyama aMgIkAra karane kI bAra-bAra preraNA detA thA; kintu cakravartI ke bhogoM evaM sukha-sampatti meM sagara kA mana aisA ramA huA thA, ki vaha usakI eka bhI bAta para dhyAna nahIM detA thaa| to maNicUla deva ne cakravartI sagara ko saMsAra se virakta karane ke lie eka cAla clii| usane sagara cakravartI ke sAre putroM ko apanI zakti se murchita kara diyaa| sagara cakravartI ne unheM marA huA jAnakara saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA cintana karate hue vairAgya aMgIkAra kara liyaa| tatpazcAt maNicUla nAmaka usa deva ne una putroM ko puna: svastha kara diyaa| isaprakAra kRtrima jIvanabhaya Adi dikhAkara maNicUla deva ne apane mitra sagara cakravartI ko jisa taraha vairAgya-mArga para sthira kiyA - use pramAnurAga' kA AdarzarUpa mAnA gayA hai| ise hI samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM meM sthitikaraNa aMga' bhI kahA gayA hai| inake atirikta nispRha sAdhakoM se lekara sAmAnya sajjanoM taka sabhI ke liye prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 007

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upayogI evaM ina cAroM anurAgoM kA sAdhaka eka aura anurAga bhI hotA hai, jise 'AtmAnurAga' kahA gayA hai| 'AtmAnurAgI' sajjana Atmika pariSkAra/sudhAra ke liye nirantara prayatnazIla rahatA hai| isakI preraNA dete huye jJAnIjana likhate haiM "AtmAnaM snApayennityaM jJAnavAriNA caarunnaa| yena nirmalatAM yAti jano jnmaantressvvi||" - (sArasamuccaya) artha:- apane Atmatattva ko samyagjJAnarUpI nirmala jala se nirantara prakSAlita karate rahanA caahiye| aisA karane se yaha jIva janmAntaroM taka nirmalatA ko prApta rahatA hai| ___ Aja uttarottara saMkIrNa evaM pathacyuta hote jA rahe sAmAjika DhA~ce meM sAmAjikatA ke ina mUlabhUta tattvoM kA ciMtana hameM puna: eka nayI UrjA, nayI sphUrti ke sAtha unnati ke patha para agrasara hone meM madada karegA aura sAtha hI sampUrNa mAnava-samudAya ke sAtha-sAtha prANImAtra ko eka ujjvala bhaviSya kA pathapradarzana kregaa| yadi hamAre mana meM prANImAtra ke prati aisI udAtta bhAvanAyeM A jAyeMgI, to hama viparIta se viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI anukUlatA kA anusaMdhAna kara skeNge| ___ yahA~ eka vicArArtha udAharaNa prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| siMhanI jaisI krUrasattvA apane zAMvaka usI jabar3e meM pakar3atI hai, jisase vaha anya prANiyoM ko nRzaMsatApUrvaka vadha karatI hai; phira bhI apanatva ke kAraNa usa zAvaka ko usI jabar3e meM pakar3e jAne para bhI jarA bhI kaSTa nahIM hotA, kahIM kharoMca taka nahIM AtI hai| dhyAna rakheM, jabar3A vahI hai, kiMtu anurAga ke kAraNa vahI bhakSaka ke sthAna para rakSaka bana sakatA hai| yadi hama aise hI udAra anurAga bhAvanA kA prasAra kareMge, to sarvatra sauhArda evaM ullAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM sadguNoM evaM sadbhAvanAoM kA prasAra hogaa| hAla ke lagabhaga 100 varSoM meM aise kaI samAjazAstrI mahAnubhAva isa deza meM jainasamAja meM bhI hue haiM, jinhoMne apane yazasvI kAryoM se sAmAjika saMghaTanA ke pUrvokta cAroM anurAgoM ko caritArtha karake dikhAyA thaa| unase anya zAstrAbhyAsI vidvAnoM kI tulanA meM samAja meM sAmAjika sauhArda kA vAtAvaraNa nirmANa tathA dharmaprabhAvanA kA kArya adhika parimANa meM to huA hI, usakI sarvamAnyatA evaM nirvivAdatA bhI rhii| aise akRtrima vAtsalya ke dhanI manISI samAjavettAoM meM svanAmadhanya kSu0 gaNeza prasAda jI varNI, paM0 cainasukhadAsa jI nyAyatIrtha, paM0 phUlacandra jI siddhAntAcArya, paM0 jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI Adi pramukha rhe| vartamAna meM isI krama meM vayovRddha vidvAn paM0 nAthUlAla jI saMhitAsUri, indaura (ma0pra0) agragaNya haiN| inakA jIvana hameM ukta cAroM anurAgoM ke anupAlana evaM samAja ke prati dAyitvoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti abhivyakta karane ke liye anupama Adarza hai| sAmAjikatA ke isa AdhyAtmika utkarSa ko samajhakara evaM apanAkara hI hama apane Apako sahI arthoM meM 'sAmAjika' kahalAne ke adhikArI bana sakate haiN| 008 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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bIsavI sadI ke mahAn adhyAtma sAdhaka AcArya zAntisAgara jI kI sAmAjika cetanA -dharmendra jaina bIsavIM zatAbdI meM luptaprAyaH ho gayI digambara jaina zramaNa paramparA ko jinhoMne punarujjIvita kiyA aura yugAnurUpa zAstrAnukUla prayogoM ke dvArA use eka naI dizA dene kA mahanIya kArya jinake pAvana zrAmaNya meM sampanna huA, aise mahAn tapasvI sAdhaka AdhyAtmika prajJAzramaNa prAta:smaraNIya AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara jI munirAja ke puNyazloka jIvanadarzana ke bAre meM zodhArthI vidvAn lekhaka ke dvArA likhA gayA yaha Alekha inhIM AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara jI munirAja kI paramparA ke zramaNoM evaM zrAvakavarga - donoM ke lie saMbhavata: katipaya AtmamaMthana ke vicArabindu de sakegA - isI AzA ke sAtha yahA~ prastuta hai / --sampAdaka mAnava ke deha meM jo mahattva AtmA kA hai, vahI mahattva AtmasAdhanA meM lIna AtmaniSTha mahAtmAoM kA sthAna samAja meM hai / vyaktigata jIvana meM jaise AtmA vyakti kA patha-pradarzana karatA hai, vaise hI samAja kA patha-pradarzana AtmaniSTha mahApuruSa karate haiM / dharma aura samAja kI maryAdA aise mahAtmAoM para hI nirbhara hai / unakA tyAga tapasyAmaya paramaprabala jIvana, jaba satya aura ahiMsA ko apane meM tanmaya kara letA hai, taba vaha tejomaya prakAza kA aisA puMja bana jAtA hai ki usase cAroM ora svata: hI prakAza phaila jAtA hai| moha-mAyA-mamatA se ve sarvathA mukta ho jAte haiM / ajJAna - pakSapAta kA andhakAra unake AsapAsa kahIM nahIM rhtaa| sabhI dharmoM evaM samAjoM meM aisI vyavasthA pAI jAtI hai ki unameM eka na eka varga aisA hotA hI hai, jisakA kAma mukhyata: samAja meM dharma kI vyavasthA ko kAyama karanA hotA hai / jaina muni aura AcArya isI lokottara koTi ke mahApuruSa haiN| samAja kI una para apAra zraddhA kA kAraNa bhI yahI hai ki unake lokottara jIvana meM aMzamAtra bhI rAga-dveSa - hiMsA - IrSyA aura virodhabhAva nahIM rhtaa| jaisA ki AcArya amRtacaMdradeva ne kahA hai- "munInAM alaukikI vRtti: " muniyoM kI alaukikI pravRtti hotI hai| sAdhu kA jIvana sva aura para upakAra ke lie hotA hai / sAdhu kA svAtmadhyAna meM niSTha rahanA svopakAra haiN| jaba vaha AtmadhyAna se bAhara AtA hai, to para kalyANa kI prAkRtavidyA- julAI-sitambara 2000 009

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bhAvanA tathA usakI yathAyogya abhivyakti karatA hai| isIkAraNa digambara sAdhu trikAla sAmAyika ke krama meM sAmAyika-AtmadhyAna ke anantara "sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodam, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / madhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu dev||" --par3hakara parakalyANa kI abhivyakti bhAvoM dvArA vyakta karatA hai| isakA AdhAra samAja hai| samAja meM ucca-Adarza sAdhu hI hotA hai| jaba-jaba bhI samAja meM naitika patana, bhraSTAcAra Adi hotA hai, usa samaya aise pathapradarzaka samAja meM Adarza rUpa meM pragaTa hote haiN| Agamokta digambara sAdhu kI kathanI aura karanI eka hone se samAja-sudhAra meM amogha prabhAva par3atA hai| aise hI ucca-Adarza ke pratimUrti cAritracakravartI AcArya zAMtisAgara jI munirAja kA isa bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM dakSiNa bhArata ke karnATaka rAjya ke belagAMva jile ke yelavuDa gA~va meM vi0saM0 1929 (I0 san 1873) meM prAdurbhAva huaa| ApakI vidyAlayI-zikSA mAtra kakSA tIna taka hI huii| tatkAlIna bhArata meM bAlavivAha prathA hone se 9 varSa kI umra meM vivAha ho gyaa| SaNmAsa ke bAda patni-viraha ho gyaa| yaha sarvadA kA viyoga hI vairAgyajanaka huaa| gArhasthya jIvana-yApana karate hue bhI ekAkI hone se adhyAtma-sAdhanA prArambha kii| adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI paripakvatA-hetu 45 varSa kI vaya: meM hI jainezvarI-pravajyA aMgIkAra kI, mAno sva-para kalyANa ke lie hI kamara kasI ho| jinamudrA meM rahate hue bhI AcAryazrI ne bhArata ke aneka rAjyoM meM padayAtrA karate huye upadezoM dvArA adhyAtma-jagat ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika-saMsAra meM bhI naI cetanA kA saMcAra kiyA, jisase tatsAmayika deza meM sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA unnayana huaa| aise upakrama aneka the, jinakA saMkSipta paricaya nimnAnusAra hai zUdra-udAra :- bhArata meM usa samaya zUdroM ke prati aspRzya kI bhAvanA bahuta thI, taba mahArAja zrI ne upadeza diyA ki "ina zUdroM ko zUdra na samajho, ye apane hI samAna jIvanadhArI prANI haiN|" harijanoM ke bAre meM kahA ki- "unake sAtha khAne-pIne se unakA uddhAra nahIM hogA, apitu apane samAna unheM jIvana jIne ke sAdhana upalabdha karAo, sadAcAra patha meM Arur3ha karo tathA unakI AjIvikA kI vyavasthA karane se 'zUdra-uddhAra' abhiyAna saphala hogaa|" vyasana-mukti :- apane vihArakAla meM Apane sahasroM logoM ko vyasanamukta kraayaa| AtmIya sneha se samajhAkara madya-mAMsa, bIr3I, tambAkU pIne kA tyAga kraayaa| janavarI 1957 meM saMbhalapura jAte samaya rAyapura (jo ki aba navagaThita rAjya 'chattIsagar3ha' kI rAjadhAnI hai) meM hajAroM AdivAsiyoM ne Apake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara mAMsa khAnA, zarAba pInA, zikAra khelanA tyAga diyaa| vi0saM0 1991 meM udayapura jile ke dhariyAvadanareza zrI rAvajI khumAna siMha jI ne Apake sadupadeza se AjIvana zikAra kA tyAga kiyA, DD 3D prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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sAtha meM unakI mAtA aura dharmapatnI ne tathA hajAroM AdivAsiyoM ne madya-mAMsa kA tyAga kiyaa| rUr3hiyoM kA anta :- dharma ke nAma para bali meM jo hiMsA hotI thI, vaha kaI jagaha Apake sadupadezoM se banda huii| yadyapi aisA kaI jagaha huA; kintu vistArabhaya se do ghaTanAoM kA mAtra ullekha hai 1.vi0saM0 1985 meM (ma0pra0) kaTanI ke pAsa DhUMDhA' gA~va meM 20 striyoM ne eka sAtha AcAryazrI kI preraNA se devI para bali-hiMsA kA tyAga kiyaa| 2. rAjasthAna udayapura jile ke dhariyAvada rAvajI ne vi0saM0 1991 meM dazahare para dharma ke nAma para hone vAlI bali-hiMsA kA sadA ke liye tyAga kiyaa| jaitika patana ke kAraNa samajhAnA evaM unase bacane ke sujhAva :- ve kahate the ki "bhArata ke logoM kA naitika stara girane kA kAraNa sanmArga chor3a kumArga para calanA hai| kumArga kA tAtparya Aja ke logoM ne hiMsA-jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura atiloma ko apanA jIvana banA liyA hai| sanmArga ko apanAne se yaha sthiti puna: sudhara sakatI hai| svayaM sarakAra ko isa dizA meM Age bar3hanA cAhie, yathA rAjA tathA prjaa| yadi sarakAra kAnUnana paJca pApoM kA tyAga anivArya kara de aura svayaM zAsakagaNa sanmArga grahaNa kareM, to sAdhAraNa janatA bhI kumArga chor3a sanmArga meM pravRtta ho jaayegii| yadi sarakAra aisA kare, to merA (AcArya zAMtisAgara jI) dRDhavizvAsa hai ki deza ke sabhI kaSTa dUra ho jaayeNge| barasAta kA na honA, anna kI kamI, prAkRtika utpAta Adi koI bhI saMkaTa nahIM rahegA tathA prajA kA kalyANa hogaa|" isI prasaMga meM unhoMne kahA- "gA~dhI jI ne mAtra ahiMsA kA AMzika pAlana kiyA va karavAyA, jisake phalasvarUpa svarAjya milaa| yadi pA~coM pApoM kA sampUrNa tyAga kiyA jAye, to kyA mAnava ke sabhI kaSTa dUra hokara sampUrNa sukha nahIM mila sakatA? isase avazya hI sarvatra sukha aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya ho sakatA hai|" / .. strI-zikSA :- unhoMne isa viSaya meM kahA ki "mahilAoM ko vidyAgrahaNa karane va jIvikopArjana karane kA adhikAra hai| svayaM ke nirvAha ke liye strI DaoNkTarI, adhyApakI jaise kArya kara sakatI hai|" isameM AcAryazrI kI dUradarzitA lakSita hotI hai; kyoMki mahilAoM meM sahaja vAtsalya evaM vinamratA hotI hai, ata: nArI vidyArthI ko vAtsalya-prema ke sAtha zikSA grahaNa karA sakatI hai| tathA rogI kI bhI sneha ke sAtha cikitsA kara sakatI hai; isI kAraNa AcArya zrI ne striyoM ke liye ina do prakAra kI jIvikA para bala diyaa| yuddha kA khatarA - kuvidyA kA duSphala :- Adhunika vijJAna kI pragati ke phalasvarUpa aise zastrAstra bana gaye haiM, jinake prayoga se sArI mAnava-jAti ko eka sAtha naSTa karane kI kalpanA kI jA rahI hai| isa viSaya meM AcAryazrI ne kahA- "yaha saba kuvidyA hai, cora-buddhi hai| eka bama se acAnaka hajAroM logoM ke prANa lenA koI vIratA .. prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 11

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1 to nahIM hai, yaha to kAyaratA hai / pahale bhI rAjA loga yuddha karate the, para unameM kucha niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA thA / nizcita samaya para samAna - zakti ke vipakSiyoM ke sAtha Amane-sAmane yuddha hotA thA, vaha vIroM kA DhaMga thA / Ajakala kI praNAlI kAyaroM kI praNAlI hai / paJca pApa hI isa kuvidyA kA mUla hai| ina pA~ca pApoM kA tyAga hI mAnava jAti ke rakSA kA ekamAtra mArga hai| yadi koI eka rASTra ina paJca mahApApoM kA tyAga kara de, to vaha svayaM isa kuvidyA ke prapaJca se baca jAyegA / phira saMsAra-bhara ke bama bhI usa pApahIna rASTra ko hAni nahIM pahu~cA sakate haiM / aura bhI kahA -- unnati kI bar3I-bar3I yojanAoM se, sundara prastAvoM se vizva kA kalyANa nahIM hotA / saMsAra ke jIva athavA unake samudAya rUpa rASTra tabhI sukhI hoMge, jaba ve hiMsA - laMpaTatA- jhUTha - corI tathA adhika tRSNA kA tyAga kareMge, taba hI AnaMda aura zAMti kA sAmrAjya saMbhava hogA / garIbI kA saphala ilAja * Aja jagat meM koI garIbI ke kAraNa duHkhI hai, vaha dhanavAn ko sukhI dekhakara antardAha se saMtapta hotA huA usake samAna sampattizAlI bananA cAhatA hai| usake liye koI yaha upAya socate haiM ki usa dhanI ke dhana ko chIna liyA jAye, basa isake sivAya nirdhanatA dUra karane kA koI dUsarA upAya nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM AcArya zAntisAgara jI ne mArmika zikSA dI - "garIbI ke saMtApa ko dUra karane ke liye hiMsA - jhUThAdi pApoM kA parityAga kara dayAmaya jIvana vyatIta karanA hai|" garIba do prakAra ke haiM-- 1. jo hRSTa-puSTa garIba AjIvikA - vihIna haiM, unheM AjIvikA kA sAdhana upalabdha karAnA caahiye| 2. jo garIba aMgahIna hai, atibAlaka, ativRddha haiM, jinameM kamAne kI zakti nahIM hai, unakA rakSaNa karanA cAhiye / '-- "jagat meM rUpa, vidyA, dhana meM se koI bhI eka vizeSatA hotI hai, to jIva Adara ko prApta karatA hai, kintu tInoM vizeSatAzUnya sarvatra tiraskAra kA pAtra banatA hai" - AcAryazrI ke isa kathana se bhAva prakaTa hotA hai, ki garIba ko vidyArjana karanA caahiye| garIbI dUra karane kA upAya dhana kI chInA-jhapaTI, kalaha, anIti tathA atyAcAra nahIM hai; balki usakA prazastamArga hai-- indriyoM kA nigraha aura saMyama kI sAdhanA | pavitra puruSArtha ke dvArA sukha pAnA hamAre hAtha meM hai / vipatti ke Ane para bhI himmata hAranA sacce puruSArthI kA dharma nahIM hai / -- rAjyadharma para prakAza * rAjyadharma ke sambandha meM pUjya AcAryazrI ke tarkasaMgata zuddha vicAra the - " rAmacandra Adi ne rAjya kiyA thA / unakA caritra rAjakIya jIvana meM anukaraNIya hai| jaba duSTajana rAjya para AkramaNa kareM, taba zAsaka ko pratikAra karanA par3atA hai, yaha bhale hI kareM; kintu dUsare rAjya ko chInane ke lie kisI bhI para AkramaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / niraparAdha prANI kI rakSA karanI cAhiye / rAjA kA karttavya hai ki buddhipUrvaka kI jAnevAlI hiMsA ko baMda kreN| zikAra svayaM na khele aura na dUsaroM kI 00 12 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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anumodanA kareM / devatAoM ke liye jIva ke balidAna ko baMda karAveM / zarAba pInA, mAMsa bhakSaNa banda karAveM / parastrI - apaharaNa ko rokeN| rAjanIti meM rAjA apane putra ko bhI daNDa detA hai| sajjana kA pAlana aura durjana kA nigraha karanA rAjanIti hai / paJca pApa adharma haiM, inakA tyAga dharma hai / adharma hI anyAya hai / jisa rAjA ke zAsana meM prajA nIti se cale usa rAjA ko puNya prApta hotA hai / anIti se rAjya karane para use pApa hotA hai / rAjanIti vaha hai ki rAjA rAjya bhI kareM aura dharma bhI kamAveM / " 1 zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kI prAcIna pANDulipiyoM kA saMrakSaNa AcAryazrI kI preraNA evaM upadeza se zaurasenI prAkRta kA prAcInatama grantha dhavalA - jayadhavalAmahAdhavalA TIkA samanvita 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta', jo karnATaka rAjya ke 'mUDabidrI' ke vizAla tAr3apatrIya saMgrahAlaya meM jIrNa-zIrNa ho rahA thA, ko saMrakSaNa prApta huaa| bAda meM usakI sthAyI rakSA kI dRSTi se use tAmrapatra para aMkita karavAyA; kyoMki usa samaya chapAI - prakAza Adi kA pracAra N nagaNya thA / prakAzana kA yuga Ane para vaha mahArASTra - solApura se prakAzita huA / isake atirikta bhI anyAnya kaI pANDulipiyoM kA saMrakSaNa Apake upadezoM se vidvAnoM dvArA saMpanna huA / isaprakAra inake jIvana ke rASTra tathA samAjotthAna ke kArya-sambandhI vivaraNa prApta kara tatkAlIna deza ke uparASTrapati evaM mahAn dArzanika DaoN0 esa0 rAdhAkRSNan udgAra vyakta kiye ki " AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jI bhArata kI AtmA ke pratIka haiM tathA aise loga hamAre deza kI AtmA ke mUrtasvarUpa hote haiM / " santa AcAryazrI kA deza tathA samAja ke prati kiyA gayA yaha upakAra cirasmaraNIya hai / aise - puruSa ko hama koTi-koTi vaMdana karate haiM 1 sandarbhagraMtha sUcI 1. 'cAritra cakravartI', le0 - paM0 sumeracandra divAkara / 2. 'jainagajaTa', AcArya zAMtisAgara hIraka jayantI vizeSAMka / saM0 * paM0 ajita kumAra paM0 ajita zAstrI / 3. 'jainagajaTa', AcArya zAntisAgara jI kI amara - sallekhanA vizeSAMka / saM0 kumAra zAstrI / 4. AcArya zAnti sAgara smRtigraMtha, saM0 1. zrI bAlacaMda devacaMda zAha / 2. zrI motIlAla mulakacaMda dozI / prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara 2000 buddhi kI mahattA 'jIvatyartha - daridro'pi dhI- daridro na jIvati / - ( ka0sa0sA0 10.8.42 ) dhanahIna vyakti jI sakatA hai; kintu buddhihIna vyakti jIvita nahIM raha sakatA / ** 00 13

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'AdipurANa' meM bimba aura saundarya -vidyAvAcaspati DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva mahAkavi AcArya jinasena dvitIya (I0 san kI AThavIM-navIM zatI) dvArA praNIta Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva svAmI ke mahimAzAlI jIvana kI mahAgAthA se sandarbhita mahAkAvya AdipurANa kA bimba-vidhAna aura saundarya-cetanA kI dRSTi se adhyayana atizaya mahattvapUrNa hai| mahAkavi jinasena kI yaha kAlottIrNa paurANika kAvyakRti bimba aura saundarya jaise bhASika aura sAhityika kalA ke carama vikAsa ke uttamottama nidarzanoM kA prazasya pratIka hai| bimba- vastuta: bimba-vidhAna kalpanA tathA vAgvaidagdhya kA kAvyAtmaka viniyojana hai| vAkprayoga kI kuzalatA yA dakSatA hI vAgvaidagdhya hai| jisa kAvya meM vAgvaidagdhya kA jitanA adhika viniyoga rahatA hai, vaha utanA hI adhika bhAvapravaNa kAvya hotA hai aura bhAvapravaNatA kalpanA kI udAttatA para nirbhara hotI hai| bhAvapravaNatA se utpanna kalpanA jaba mUrtarUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, taba bimboM kI saSTi hotI hai| isaprakAra bimba kalpanA kA anugAmI hotI hai| bimba-vidhAna kalAkAra yA kAvyakAra kI amUrta sahajAnubhUti ko indriyagrAhyatA pradAna karatA hai| ata: bimba ko kalpanA kA punarutpAdana (rI-proDakzana') kahanA yuktiyukta hogaa| kalpanA se yadi sAmAnya aura amUrta yA vaicArika citroM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, to bimba se vizeSa aura mUrta yA vAstavika citroM kii| AdipurANa meM aneka aise kalAtmaka citra haiM, jo apanI kAvyagata vizeSatA se manorama bimboM kI udbhAvanA karate haiN| isa mahanIya mahAkAvya meM kAlpanika aura vAstavika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se bimboM kA nirmANa huA hai| isa krama meM mahAkavi jinasena ne bimba-nirmANa ke kaI prakAroM kA Azraya liyA hai| jaise-- kucha to dRzya ke sAdRzya ke AdhAra para nirmita haiM aura kucha saMvedana yA tIvra anubhUti kI pratikRti yA samAnatA para nirmita hue haiN| isIprakAra katipaya bimba kisI mAnasika avadhAraNA yA vicAraNA se nirmita hue haiM, to kucha bimboM kA nirmANa kisI vizeSa artha ko dyotita karanevAlI ghaTanAoM se huA hai| puna: kucha bimba upamAna yA aprastuta se, to kucha prastuta aura aprastuta donoM pakSoM para lAgU hone vAle zleSa se nirmita hue haiN| 00 14 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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kalpanA kI indriya-grAhyatA kI bhA~ti hI bimba bhI vibhinna jJAnendriyoM, jaise-- cakSu, ghrANa, zravaNa, sparzana aura AsvAda Adi se nirmita hote haiN| yugacetA mahAkavi AcArya jinasena dvArA prastuta bimboM ke adhyayana se unakI prakRti ke sAtha yuga kI vicAradhArA kA bhI patA calatA hai| kula milAkara 'bimba' eka prakAra kA rUpa-vidhAna hai aura rUpa kA aindriya AkarSaNa hI kisI kavi yA kalAkAra ko bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita karatA hai| rUpa-vidhAna hone ke kAraNa hI adhikAMza bimba dRzya athavA cAkSuSa hote haiN| ___ mahAkavi AcArya jinasena dvArA AdipurANa ke caturtha parva meM varNita jambUdvIpa ke 'gandhila' deza kA bimba-vidhAna draSTavya hai : yatrArAmA: sadA ramyAstarubhi: phlshaalibhiH| pathikAnAhvayantIva parapuSTakalasvanaiH / / yatra zAlivanopAnte khAt patantIM zukAvalIm / zAligopyo'numanyante dadhatIM toraNazriyam / / mandagandhavahAdhUtA: zAlivaprAH phalAnatAH / kRtasaMrAviNo yatra chotkurvantIva pkssinn:|| yatra puNDrekSuvATeSu yantracItkArahAriSu / pibanti pathikA: svairaM rasaM surasamaikSavam / / -(zloka saMkhyA 59, 61-63) arthAt jisa deza ke udyAna phalazAlI vRkSoM se sadA ramaNIya bane rahate haiM tathA unameM kUkatI kokileM apane madhura svaroM se pathikoM kA AhvAna karatI-sI lagatI haiN|..... jisa deza meM phasala kI rakhavAlI karanevAlI striyA~ dhAna ke khetoM meM AkAza se utarane vAle totoM ke jhuNDa ko hare raMga kI maNiyoM kA toraNa samajhatI haiN| khetoM meM pake phaloM ke bojha se jhukI dhAna kI bAliyA~ jaba manda-manda havA se jhalajhalAtI huI hilatI haiM, taba ve aisI lagatI haiM, jaise pakI phasala khAne ko Aye pakSiyoM ko ur3Akara bhagA rahI haiN| aura, jisa deza meM rasa perane vAle kolhU kI cU~-cU~ AvAja se mukharita Ikha ke khetoM meM jAkara pathika mIThe ikSurasa kA pAna karate haiN| prastuta sandarbha se gandhila deza ke kaI bhAvacitroM kA viniyoga huA hai| prathama citra meM phalazAlI vRkSoM dvArA kokiloM kI kUka ke mAdhyama se pathikoM ko AvAja dekara bulAne ke bhAva kA aMkana huA hai| isameM manorama gatizIla cAkSuSa bimba ke sAtha hI kokila kI kUka jaise zravaNa bimba meM dRzya ke sAdRzya. ke AdhAra para rUpa-vidhAna to huA hI hai, upamAna yA prastuta ke dvArA bhI vAnaspatya bimba kA hRdayasparzI nirmANa huA hai| isameM vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se nirmita saundaryabodhaka bimba sAtizaya kalA-rucira hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 15

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yathA prastuta dvitIya citra meM totoM ke jhuNDa kA sAdRzya hare raMga kI maNiyoM ke toraNa se upasthita kiyA gayA hai, jisameM mUrta yA prastuta ke amUrtIkaraNa yA aprastutIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se manorama cAkSuSa bimba kA vidhAna huA hai; aura phira tRtIya citra meM manda-manda havA se hilatI-bajatI dhAna kI bAliyoM meM dhvani-kalpanA se prasUta cAmatkArika zrAvaNa bimba ke sAtha hI phasala cugane vAle pakSiyoM ko ur3Ane jaise gatizIla cAkSuSa bimba kA udbhAvana kiyA gayA hai| puna: caturtha citra meM pathikoM dvArA madhura ikSurasa pIne ke varNana ke mAdhyama se AhlAdaka AsvAdamUlaka bimba kI nirmiti kI gaI hai| isI krama meM AdipurANa mahAkAvya ke 'SaSTha parva' meM vAgvidagdha mahAkavi jinasena kI udAtta kalpanA dvArA nirmita jinamandira kA cAkSuSa sthApatya-bimba darzanIya hai : ya: sudUrocchritaiH kUTairlakSyate rtnbhaasuraiH| pAtAlAdutphaNastoSAt kimapyudyannivAhirAT / / yadvAtAyananiryAtA dhuupdhuumaashckaasire| svargasyopAyanIkarte nirmimANA ghnaaniv|| yasya kUTataTAlagnA: taaraastrlrocissH| puSpopahAra - sammoha - mAtanvannabhojuSAm / / svRtt-sNgtaashcitr-sndrbh-ruciraakRti:| ya: suzabdo mahAnmahyAM kAvyabandha ivAbabhau / / -(zloka-saMkhyA, 180, 185-87) arthAt ratnoM kI kiraNoM se suzobhita unnata zikharoM vAlA vaha jinamandira aisA dikhAI par3atA thA, jaise phaNa uThAye zeSanAga pAtAlaloka se nikalA ho| usa mandira ke vAtAyanoM se nikalate meghAkAra dhUpa ke dhUma aise lagate the, jaise ve svarga ko upahAra dene ke lie navIna meghoM kI racanA kara rahe hoN| puna: usa mandira ke zikharoM ke cAroM ora camakate tAre devoM ke lie puSpohAra kA bhrama utpanna kara rahe the| usa jinamandira meM sadvRtta yA samyakcAritra ke dhAraka muniyoM kA nivAsa thA, vaha aneka prakAra ke citroM se suzobhita aura stotra-pATha Adi ke svara se mukharita thaa| isaprakAra vaha pUrA jinamandira mahAkAvya kI taraha pratIta hotA thaa| ___ yahA~ mahAkavi ne jinamandira ko mahAkAvya se upamita kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM jinamandira ke jo citra prastuta hue haiM, unameM prathama citra meM upamAna aura utprekSAzrita indriyagamya sarparAja zeSanAga kA bimba udbhAvita huA hai| phaNa uThAye zeSanAga kA bhayotpAdaka bimba pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAna kA romAMcaka udAharaNa hai| pUre jinamandira kI citrAtmaka abhivyakti prastuta karane meM mahAkavi dvArA saMzliSTa bimboM kI ramya-rucira yojanA huI hai| mandira kI khir3akiyoM se nikalate dhUpa ke dhUma kA sAdRzya svarga ke lie 00 16 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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upahAra-svarUpa nirmita navIna megha se upanyasta kiyA gayA hai, jisase upamAmUlaka parama ramaNIya cAkSuSa bimba kA manohArI darzana sulabha huA hai / punaH mahAkAvya se mandira ke sAdRzya meM bhI zleSagarbha aura upamAmUlaka cAkSuSa bimba kI chaTA darzanIya hai; kyoMki mahAkAvya meM bhI sadvRtta, yAnI piMgalazAstrokta samasta sundara chandoM kI AyojanA rahatI hai, citrakAvyAtmaka (murajabandha, khaGgabandha, padmabandha Adi ) zlokoM kI pracuratA rahatI hai aura phira ramaNIyArtha-- pratipAdaka zabdoM kI bhI Avarjaka yojanA rahatI hai; isaprakAra ukta jinamandira mahAkAvya jaisA pratIta hotA thA / mahAkavi jinasenakRta nakha - zikha - varNana meM to vividha bimboM kA manamohaka samAhAra upanyasta huA hai| isa krama meM 'mahAvatsakAvatI' deza ke rAjA sudRSTi ke putra suvidhi ke nakha - zikha ( dra0 dazama parva ) yA phira RSabhadeva svAmI kI patniyoM - sunandA tathA yazasvatI ke nakha-zikha ke varNana ( dra0 paJcadaza parva) vizeSarUpa se udAharaNIya haiM / isIprakAra mahAkavi-kRta vijayArdha - parvata ke varNana meM bhI vaividhyapUrNa manohArI bimboM kA vidhAna huA hai| garajate meghoM se AcchAdita isa parvata kI mekhalA ke citra meM jahA~ zrAvaka bimba kA rUpa-vidhAna hai, to isa parvata ke vanoM meM bhramarAbhilIna puSpita latAoM se phailate saurabha meM vimohaka ghrANa-bimba kA upanyAsa huA hai ( dra0 aSTAdaza parva ) / ukta parvata kI nIlamaNimaya bhUmi meM pratibimbita bhramaNazIla vidyAdhariyoM ke mukha- padma parvata-bhUmi meM uge kamaloM jaise lagate the / yA phira parvata kI sphaTikamaNimaya vedikAoM para bhramaNa karatI vidyAdhariyoM ke pairoM meM lage lAla mahAvara ke cihnoM se aisA lagatA thA, jaise lAla kamaloM se una vedikAoM kI pUjA kI gaI ho ( dra0 tatraiva, zloka saMkhyA 158-59) / isa varNana meM mahAkavi kA sUkSma varNa-parijJAna yA raMga-bodha dekhate hI banatA hai| raMgabodha kI isa sUkSmatA se yathA prastuta rUpavatI sukumArI vidyAdhariyoM ke cAkSusa bimba meM aindriyatA kI upasthiti ke sAtha hI abhivyakti meM vilakSaNa vidagdhatA yA vyaMjaka- vakratA gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki mahAkavi kI yaha raMgacetanA pUre mahAkAvya meM kalpanA aura saundarya ke stara para yathAprasaMga bimbita huI hai| isIprakAra isa 'mahApurANa' ke trayoviMza parva meM varNita 'gandhakuTI' ke nAma kI apanI anvarthatA hai; kyoMki kubera dvArA nirmita yaha gandhakuTI aisI puSpamAlAoM se alaMkRta thI, jisakI gandha se andhe hokara karor3oM-karor3a bhramaNa una para baiThe guMjAra kara rahe the / usa gandhakuTI meM suvarNa-siMhAsana sajA thA, jisakI sataha yA talabhAga se cAra aMgula Upara hI adhara meM mahAmahimAmaya bhagavAn RSabhadeva virAjamAna the / bhramaroM dvArA phailAye hue parAga se raMjita tathA gaMgAjala se zItala puSpoM kI vRSTi bhagavAn ke Age ho rahI thI ( dra0 trayoviMza parva ) / bhagavAn ke samIpa hI azoka kA vizAla vRkSa thA, jisake hare patte marakatamaNi ke the prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 17

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aura vaha ratnamaya citra-vicitra phUloM se suzobhita thaa| usakI zAkhAyeM manda-manda vAyu se hila rahI thiiN| usa para bhramara mada se madhura AvAja meM guMjAra kara rahe the aura koyaleM kUka rahI thIM, jisase aisA jAna par3atA thA ki azoka vRkSa bhagavAn kI stuti kara rahA ho| bhauroM ke guMjAra aura koyaloM kI kUka se dasoM dizAyeM mukharita ho rahI thiiN| apanI hilatI zAkhAoM se azoka vRkSa aisA lagatA thA, jaise vaha bhagavAn ke Age nRtya kara rahA ho aura apane jhar3ate phUloM se vaha bhagavAn ke samakSa dIptimaya puSpAMjali arpita karatA-sA pratIta hotA thaa| __isa sandarbha meM 'bhujagazazibhRtA' aura rukmavatI' vRtta meM Abaddha mahAkavi kI ramaNIya kAvyabhASika paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : marakataharitaiH patraimaNimayakusumaizcitraiH / marudupavidhutA: zAkhAzciramadhRta mahAzokaH / / madakalavirutaiGgarapi parapuSTavihaGgaH / stutimiva bharturazoko mukharitadikkurute sma / / -(bhujaMgazazibhRtAvRtta) vyAyatazAkhAdozcalanai: svairnRttamathAsau kartumivAye / puSpasamUhairaJjalimiddhaM bharturakArSIt vyaktamazokaH / / ___ -(rukmavatIvRtta, parva 23, zloka 36-38) yaha pUrA avataraNa gatvara cAkSuSa bimboM kA samAhAra bana gayA hai, jisameM mahAkavi jinasena ne gandha se andha bhramaroM ke mAdhyama se jahA~ ghrANendriya dvArA AsvAdya ghrANabimba kI avatAraNA kI hai, vahIM gaMgAjala se zItala puSpoM meM tvagindriya dvArA anubhavagamya sparza-bimba kA bhI Avarjaka viniyoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI yahA~ azoka vRkSa meM mAnavIkaraNa kI bhI viniyukti huI hai| mahAkavi dvArA prAkRtika upAdAna azoka vRkSa meM mAnava-vyApAroM kA kamanIya Aropa kiyA gayA hai| vastuta: yaha mAnavetara prakRti ke vAnaspatika upAdAnoM meM cetanA kI svIkRti hai| sAtha hI yahA~ prastuta kA aprastutIkaraNa bhI sAtizaya mohaka ho uThA hai| hama kaha sakate haiM ki mahAkavi jinasena kA yaha mAnavIkaraNa unakI sarvAtmavAdI dRSTi kA prakRti ke khaNDacitroM meM sahRdayasaMvedya kalAtmaka prayoga hai| mahAkavi ne mAnavIkaraNa jaise alaMkAra-bimboM ke dvArA virAT prakRti ko kAvya meM bA~dhane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai, jisameM mAnava-vyApAra aura tadviSayaka AMgika ceSTA kA prakRti para samagratA ke sAtha Aropa kiyA gayA hai| prakRti para mAnava-vyApAroM ke Aropa kI pravRtti jainetara mahAkavi kAlidAsa Adi meM bhI milatI hai, kintu vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi ko svIkArane vAle AcArya jinasena Adi zramaNa-mahAkaviyoM meM yaha pravRtti vizeSarUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| mahAkavi AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha zabdazAstra ke pAragAmI vidvAn the| isalie unakI kAvyabhASika sRSTi meM vAgvaidagdhya ke sAtha hI bimba aura saundarya ke samAhAra-sauSThava kA camatkArI viniveza huA hai| unakI 40 18 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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kAvyabhASA meM vyAkaraNa kA camatkAra to hai hI, kAvyazAstrIya vaibhava kI parAkASThA bhI hai; jisameM sAmAjika cintana aura lokacetanA kA bhI samAnAntara vinyAsa dRSTigata hotA hai / mahAkavi ne AdipurANa ke chabbIsaveM parva ( zloka saMkhyA 128 se 150 ) meM cakravartI bharata mahArAja ke digvijaya ke varNana krama meM gaMgA nadI kI virAT avatAraNA kI hai / isameM mahAkavi ne gaMgA ke pravAha ke sAtha bharata mahArAja kI kIrti ke pravAha kA sAmya pradarzita kiyA hai / isa nadI ke varNana kI kAvyabhASA meM vAgvaidagdhya to hai hI, manorama bimboM kI bhI bharamAra hai, sAtha hI saundarya ke tattvoM kA bhI manabhAvana udbhAvana huA hai| saundarya-- vikasita kalA-caitanya se samanvita AdipurANa na kevala kAvyazAstra, apitu saundaryazAstra ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI prabhUta sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai / kAvya-saundarya ke vidhAyaka mUlatattvoM meM pada- lAlitya yA padazayyA kI cArutA, abhivyakti kI vakratA, vacobhaMgI yA vAgvaidagdhya kA camatkAra, bhAvoM kI vicchitti yA bhaMgimA, alaMkAroM kI zobhA, rasa kA paripAka, ramaNIya kalpanA, hRdayahArI bimba, ramya - rucita pratIka Adi pramukha haiM / kahanA na hogA ki isa mahApurANa meM saundarya-vidhAna ke ina samasta tattvoM kA viniyoga huA hai| kalAcetA AcArya jinasena ne apane isa mahAkAvya meM samagra pAtra - pAtriyoM aura unake kArya-vyApAroM kA saundarya-bhUyiSTha bimbAtmaka rUpa dene kA zlAghya prayatna kiyA hai| samakAlIna bhaugolika sthiti, rAjanIti, sAmAjika cetanA evaM arthavyavasthA ke sAtha hI loka-maryAdA, veza-bhUSA, AbhUSaNa - pariccheda, saMgIta - vAdya, astra-zastra, khAna-pAna, AcAravyavahAra, anuzAsana-prazAsana Adi sAMskRtika upakaraNoM evaM zabdazakti, rasa, rIti, guNa, chanda, alaMkAra Adi sAhityika sAdhanoM kA apane isa mahAkAvya meM unhoMne yathAprasaMga samIcInatA se viniveza kiyA hai; phalata: bhAratIya samAja ke sampUrNa itihAsa aura samasta saMskRti ke manorama tAttvika rUpoM kA ekatra samAhAra sulabha huA hai| bhAratIya kalA ke svarUpa ke sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa ke lie mahAkavi jinasena ke prastuta kAvya - sAhitya se bimba-vidhAyaka saundarya-sikta bhAvoM aura ramaNIyArtha ke bodhaka zabdoM arthAt utkRSTa vAgartha kA Adohana kevala hindI - sAhitya hI nahIM, apitu samasta bhAratIya sAhitya ke lie atizaya samRddhikAraka hai| AdipurANa jaise kAmadhuk mahAkAvya se kalA kA mArmika jJAna aura sAhityika adhyayana - donoM kI sArasvata tRSA bakhUbI miTAyI jA sakatI hai; kyoMki isa kAvyagrantha meM itihAsa aura kalpanA ke atirikta kAvya aura kalA -- . donoM ke yojaka rasa-tattva kI samAnarUpa se upalabdhi hotI hai / AcArya jinasena ne vaibhava - maNDita rAjakulAcAra evaM samRddha lokajIvana kI umaMga se udbhUta kAvya, sAhitya aura kalA ke saundaryamUlaka tattvoM kI eka sAtha avatAraNA kI hai| isake atirikta prastuta mahAkAvya kI racanA - prakriyA meM zrRMgAra se zAnta kI ora prasthiti una AcArya jaina kaviyoM kI cintanagata vizeSatA kI prAkRtavidyA- julAI-sitambara '2000 0019

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ora saMketa karatI hai, jisameM kAmakathA kA avasAna bahudhA dharmakathA meM kiyA jAtA hai aura dharmakathA kA pracAra-prasAra hI isaprakAra kI kAvyakathA kA mUla uddezya hotA hai| AdipurANa kI kathAoM meM samAhita kalA-tattva kI vareNyatA ke kAraNa hI isa kAvya kA sAhityika saundarya apanA viziSTa mUlya rakhatA hai| saundarya-vivecana meM, vizeSata: nakha-zikha ke saundaryodbhAvana meM mahAkavi jinasena ne udAttatA (sablAimezana) kI bharapUra viniyukti kI hai| __vijayArdha parvata ke taTa ko AkrAnta kara pravAhita hone vAlI gaMgA nadI ke saundaryAMkana (parva 26) meM udAttatA kA utkarSa darzanIya hai, jisameM upamA-bimba kI ramaNIyatA barabasa mana ko moha letI hai| vaha gaMgA nadI rUpavatI strI ke samAna thI; kyoMki machaliyA~ hI usakI caMcala A~kheM thiiN| uThatI huI taraMgeM usakI nartanazIla bhauhoM ke samAna thiiN| nadI ke ubhaya taTavartI vanapaMkti hI usakI sAr3I thii| mukharita haMsamAlA usakI bajate ghugharuoM vAlI karadhanI ke samAna thii| lahareM hI usake laharAte vastra the| apanA vAgvaidagdhya pradarzita karate hue mahAkavi ne gaMgA ko 'samAMsamInA' vizeSaNa se maNDita kiyA hai| gaMgA samAMsamInA' gAya ke samAna thii| 'samAMsamInA' kA artha hai - vaha uttama gAya, jo prativarSa bachar3e ko janama detI hai ('samAM samAM varSa varSa vijAyate prasUte' iti-nipAtasiddha shbd)| isIprakAra gaMgA bhI 'samAMsamInA' hai, arthAt mAMsala yA paripuSTa machaliyoM vAlI hai| puna: uttama gAya meM jaise paryApta paya arthAt dUdha hotA hai, vaise hI gaMgA meM paryApta paya arthAta jala hai aura phira uttama gAya jaise dhIre svara meM ra~bhAtI hai ('dhIrasvanA' hotI hai), vaise hI gaMgA bhI gambhIra kala-kala zabda karatI hai| isaprakAra isa sandarbha meM vAksaundarya, artha-saundarya aura bhAva-saundarya ke sAtha hI pAvanatAmUlaka evaM samagra zleSaparaka bimba-saundarya kA ekatra samavAya huA hai| ___ gaMgA ke zRMgAraparaka saundarya ko zAnta rasa kI ora mor3ate hue mahAkavi ne likhA hai ki- uttama gAya kI taraha gaMgA bhI pUjanIya aura jagat ko pavitra karanevAlI hai, sAtha hI vaha jinavANI ke samAna jAna par3atI hai : "gurupravAha-prasRtAM tIrthakAmairupAsitAm / gambhIrazabdasambhUtiM jainI zrutimivAmalAm / / " - (zloka 137) jinavANI jisaprakAra guru-pravAha arthAt AcArya paramparA se prasArita hotI hai; tIrtha, arthAt dharma ke AkAMkSI puruSoM dvArA upAsita hotI hai, gambhIra zabdoMvAlI aura doSarahita hai; usIprakAra gaMgA bhI vizAla jalapravAha vAlI hai, tIrthakarmiyoM dvArA upAsita hotI hai, gambhIra ghoSa karanevAlI tathA nirmala aura niSpaMka hai| yahA~ gaMgA kA gAya aura jinavANI se sAdRzya kI prastuti se pavitratAbodhaka cAkSuSa bimba-saundarya kA vidhAna huA hai| mahAkavi AcArya jinasena nArI-saundarya ke samAnAntara hI puruSa-saundarya kA bhI 00 20 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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udAtta citra A~kane meM nipuNa hai| strI-saundarya kA ramaNIya citra RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI, jo rUpa, saundarya, kAnti, zobhA, buddhi, dyuti aura vibhUti meM indrANI ke samAna thIM, kI zArIrika saMracanA (dra0, dvAdaza parva, zloka saMkhyA 12-58) ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai; to puruSa-saundarya kA bhavya citra rAjA vajrasena ke putra vajranAbhi kI zArIrika saMracanA (dra0 ekAdaza parva, zloka saMkhyA 15-36) ke rUpa meM AyA hai| avazya hI ina donoM prakAra ke saundaryodbhAvana meM mahAkavi ne apanI kAvyapraur3hi kA prakarSa prastuta karane meM vismayakArI kavitva zakti kA paricaya diyA hai| isIprakAra mahAkavi ne komala-bimba ke samAnAntara paruSa-bimboM kA bhI atizaya udAtta saundaryodbhAvana kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM dazama parva meM varNita naraka ke vibhinna krUra aura ghRNita dRzya udAharaNIya haiN| vizeSakara nArakiyoM ko kar3hAI meM khaulAkara rasa banAne yA unheM Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara kolhU meM perane Adi ke dRzyoM meM vIbhatsa-bimboM kA romAMcakArI vidhAna huA hai| naraka ke dRzyoM meM mahAkavi jinasena dvArA prastuta paruSa aura vIbhatva bimboM kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| saundarya ke tattvoM meM anyatama vAgvaidagdhya kI dRSTi se mahAkavi dvArA prastuta vajranAbhi ke tapovarNana-prasaMga meM 'prAyovezana' zabda kA tathA marudevI ke zArIrika citraNa meM vAmAse' zabda ke nirukti-vaividhya kA camatkAra draSTavya hai| ina donoM kI nirukti-prakriyA meM kAvya aura vyAkaraNa kA samekita artha-saundarya atizaya rocaka hone ke sAtha hI tato'dhika raMjanakArI bhI hai| yaha padagata vAgvaidagdhya hai| 'prAyopavezana' kI nirukti : "tata: kAlAtyaye dhImAn zrIprabhAdrau smunnte| prAyopavezanaM kRtvA zarIrAhAramatyajat / / ratnatrayamayIM zayyAmadhizayya taponidhiH / prAyeNopavizatyasminnityanvarthamApipat / / prAyeNopagamo yasmin rtntritygocrH| prAyeNopagamo yasmin duritArikadambakAn / / prAyeNAsmAjjanasthAnAdapasRtya gmo'ttveH| prAyopagamanaM tajjJairniruktaM zramaNottamaiH / / " -(parva 11, zloka saMkhyA 94-97) arthAt Ayu ke anta meM buddhimAn vajranAbhi ne zrIprabha nAmaka U~ce parvata para prayopavezana dhAraNa kara zarIra aura AhAra kA mamatva tyAga diyaa| cUMki isa saMnyAsa meM tapasvI sAdhu ratnatraya kI zayyA para upaviSTa hotA hai, isalie isakA prAyopavezana' nAma sArthaka hai| isa saMnyAsa meM prAya: ratnatraya (samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra) kI prApti hotI hai, isalie ise 'prAyeNopagama' bhI kahate haiN| athavA isa saMnyAsa ke dhAraNa karane para prAya: prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 21

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karmarUpI zatruoM kA apagama yA vinAza ho jAtA hai, isalie ise 'prAyeNApagama' bhI kahate haiM / isa saMnyAsa meM prAya: saMsArI jIvoM ke rahane yogya grAma, nagara Adi se alaga hokara vana meM jAkara rahanA par3atA hai, ata: isake vizeSajJa zramaNa muniyoM ne ise 'prAyopagamana' kahA hai| 'vAmoru' kI nirukti : "vAmoruriti yA rUDhistAM svasAt karttumanyathA / vAmavRtI kRtAvUru manye'nyastrIjaye'muyA / / " - ( parva 12, zloka saMkhyA 27 ) arthAta mahAkavi kahate haiM-- 'maiM aisA mAnatA hU~ ki abhI taka saMsAra meM manohara UruvAlI striyoM ke artha meM 'vAmoru' zabda rUr3ha hai / use marudevI ne anya prakAra se AtmasAt kara liyA thA / unhoMne apane donoM UruoM ko anya striyoM ko parAjita karane ke lie vAmavRttivAlA arthAt zatruvat AcaraNa karanevAlA banA liyA thA / ' koza ke anusAra 'vAma' zabda kA artha sundara bhI hotA hai aura duSTa yA zatru bhI / marudevI ne, jo sundara UruvAlI strI thI, apane una UruoM se anya striyoM ke UruoM kI sundaratA ko parAsta kara diyA thA / isa sandarbha meM nirmita abhaMga - zleSa kA bimba- saundarya atizaya cittAhlAdaka aura manomohaka hai / bimba-vidhAna aura saundarya - nirUpaNa ke sandarbha meM atizaya pratibhApraur3ha evaM vAgvidagdha mahAkavi AcArya jinasena kI kAvyabhASA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| unakI kAvyabhASA saha hI bimba-vidhAyaka aura saundaryodbhAvaka hai / unakI kAvya-sAdhanA mUlata: bhASA kI sAdhanA kA hI udAttatama rUpa hai| koI bhI kRti apanI bhASA kI udAttatA ke AdhAra para hI cirAyuSI hotI hai| isa dRSTi se mahAkavi jinasena kA AdipurANa eka kAlajayI kAvyakRti hai| AdipurANa kI kAvyabhASA yadi ananta sAgara ke vistAra kI taraha hai, to usase udbhUta bimba aura saundarya ke ramya citra lalita laharoM kI bhA~ti ullAsakArI haiM / 'vAk' aura 'artha' kI samAna pratipatti kI dRSTi se AcArya jinasena kI bhASA kI apanI vilakSaNatA hai| kavi kI bhASAgata abhivyakti kA lAlitya hI usakI kavitA kA saundarya hotA hai aura usa lAlitya kA tAttvika vivecana-vizleSaNa hI saundaryazAstra kA viSaya hai, jisameM kAvya ke racanA-pakSa ke sAtha hI usake prabhAva - pakSa kA bhI vivecana - vizleSaNa nihita hotA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kavirmanISI AcArya jinasena kA AdipurANa racanA - pakSa aura prabhAva-pakSa, arthAt kathya aura zilpa donoM dRSTiyoM se saundaryazAstriyoM ke lie adhyetavya hai| kula milAkara mahAkavikRta isa saundarya - garbha mahAkAvya kA samagra bimba-vidhAna unakI sahajAnubhUti kI udAttatA kA bhASika rUpAyana hai, jo indriya-bodha kI bhUmi se atIndriya saundarya-bodha kI sImA meM jAkara nissIma bana gayA hai| unakA samagra Atmika kalAT- cintana antata: AdhyAtmika cintana ke dharAtala para pratiSThita ho gayA hai| 0 22 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000

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prAkRta kA lokapriya chaMda: gAhA -DaoN0 harirAma AcArya zaurasenI prAkRta kA dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika vAGmaya kA jo adhikAMza bhAga chaMdobaddha milatA hai tathA laukika muktaka-sAhitya meM bhI jo Adarza geya-padoM ke prAcIna graMtha milate haiM, unameM chaMdazAstrIya dRSTi se 'gAthA' yA 'gAhA' chaMda hI apane vividha rUpoM meM prayukta milate haiN| sAmAnyata: prAkRta kA chaMda mAnI jAnevAlI yaha 'gAthA' mUlata: zaurasenI prAkRta kI hI duhitA hai tathA isakI paramparA evaM prayogoM kI kyA viziSTa pRSThabhUmi rahI hai --ina saba binduoM para vizada prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha gaveSaNApUrva Alekha jijJAsu pAThakoM ko susvAdu svastha pAtheya prastuta kara skegaa| -sampAdaka "pAiya-kavvassa Namo, pAiyakavvaM ca NimmiaM jenn| tAhaM ciya paNamAmo, paDhiUNa ya je vi yANaMti / / " - (vajjAlaggaM, 3/13) artha:- prAkRtakAvya ko namana hai, usake racanAkAra ko namana hai, aura unheM bhI namana hai, jo prAkRtakAvya ko par3hanA jAnate haiN| atyanta prAcInakAla se bhAratabhUmi vAGmaya dvidhA vibhakta rahA hai-- saMskRta aura prAkRta ke rUpa meN|' saMskRtabhASA saMskArapUtA' hai, prAkRtabhASA 'sukhagrAhyanibandhanA' hai| eka paruSabandhamayI puruSabhASA hai, dUsarI sukumAra-bandhamayI mahilArUpiNI vANI hai| saMskRta devabhAratI hai, to prAkRta janabhASA hai; jisameM nibaddha kAvya dezI zabdAvalI, madhura akSara, lalita chaMda aura sphuTa artha ke kAraNa sahaja paThanIya bana jAtA hai|' 'gauDavaho' ke racayitA vAkpatirAja bhI abhinava artha, sahaja racanA-baMdha tathA mRdu zabda-sampadA ke kAraNa prAkRta-kAvya ko zreSTha mAnate haiN| prAkRta-kAvya ke prati atizaya anurAgavaza prAkRta muktA-maNiyoM ke saMkalayitA jayavallabhasUri to yahA~ taka kaha gaye ki lalita-madhurAkSarapUrNa, yuvatijanavallabha, zRMgArarasapUrNa prAkRtakAvya ke rahate kauna bhalA saMskRta kAvya par3hegA? ____ 'gAhAsattasaI' ke amara praNetA mahAkavi hAla ne prathama zatI I0 meM hI yaha ghoSaNA kara dI thI ki 'amiaM pAiyakavvaM' (prAkRta-kAvya amRta hai); kintu usa para 12vIM zatAbdI ke saMskRta kavi, 'AryAsaptazatI' ke sukRtI racanAkAra govardhanAcArya ne yaha kahakara to jaise mohara lagA dI ki prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 23

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" vANI prAkRta - samucitarasA, balenaiva saMskRtaM nItA / nimnAnurUpanIrA kalindakanyeva gaganatalam / / "" uparyukta sabhI kathana pramANita karate haiM ki prAkRtakAvya meM janabhASA kI naisargikatA nava-nava arthoM kI sampadA, sUktiyoM kI kathana - bhaMgimA aura sarasatA ke guNoM ke kAraNa sacamuca 'amRtamaya' hai; kintu prAkRtabhASA kI muktaka - muktAmaNiyoM kI zAzvata AbhA kI carcA taba taka adhUrI hai, jaba taka usa sUtrarUpa chanda kA varNana na kiyA jAye, jisameM inheM piroyA gayA hai| vaha chaMda hai-- 'gAhA' yA 'gAthA' / prAkRta ke muktaka aura 'gAhA' vastuta: 'kahiyata bhinna na bhinna, girA - aratha jala-vIci sama / ' gAhA aura prAkRta- muktaka kA sAtha colI-dAmana kA sAtha hai, donoM paraspara sampRkta haiM, abhinna haiM / isaliye yaha lekha gAhA-carcA ke lie, gAthA kI gAthA ke lie samarpita hai, jo vaidika saMhitAoM ke maMtrayuga se samasta jainAgama-sAhitya, prAkRta muktaka kAvya aura usake anukaraNa para likhita saMskRta-hindI kI satasaI-paramparA meM nAma aura rUpa badalakara bhI 'sthitA vyApya vizvam' rahI hai| 1 'gAthA' zabda mUlata: vaidika hai / yaha utanA hI purAtana hai, jitane purAtana veda-maMtra haiM 'gai' dhAtu meM 'than' pratyaya jor3ane para 'gAtha' zabda banatA hai, usIkA (TAp - yukta) strIliMga rUpa hai 'gAthA' | gAthA kA artha hai gIti / 'gAthA' aura 'gAtu' donoM samAnArthaka haiM, kintu ye maMtragAna se bhinna lokagIti ke rUpa meM gAye jAte the / RcA kA triguNakAla parimita svara saMyogayukta gAna 'sAma' kahalAtA thA--' 'tryacaM sAma / ' jaiminIya sUtra meM gItiyoM ko 'sAma' kahA gayA hai-- 'gItiSu sAmAkhyA / ' sAmaveda se saMgIta kA janma huA hai, bharatamuni ne 'nATyaveda' kI racanA ke samaya sAma - maMtroM se hI gIta - tattva grahaNa kiyA thA--' "sAmabhyo gItameva" / zabda aura svara kA, sAhitya aura saMgIta kA, maMtrapada aura gIta (gAna) kA saMgama hone ke kAraNa 'sAmaveda' ko sarvottama veda mAnA gayA / 'zrImadbhagavad gItA' ke vibhUtiyoga meM bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kA kathana hai ki vedAnAM sAmavedo'smi' (10/22) / kintu yaha eka suvijJAta tathya hai ki sAmagAna kevala Rgvaidika chaMdoM kA kiyA jAtA thA, jinakI saMkhyA sAta thI / caubIsa akSarAtmaka 'gAyatrI chaMda' meM cAra akSara jor3ane para 'uSNik'; isIprakAra cAra-cAra akSara bar3hAte jAne se kramaza: anuSTup bRhattI, paMkti, triSTup aura jagatI chaMda banate the / inameM se gAyatrI aura uSNik tripAda haiM tathA anuSTup bRhatI, triSTup aura jagatI catuSpAda haiM tathA 'paMkti' paMcapAdAtmaka varNita chaMda hai| 'gAthA' chaMda vaidika yuga meM pracalita mAtrika chaMda thA / ve maMtroM meM bhI yaha gIti artha meM hI prayukta huA hai; kintu maMtra-bhAga na hone se yaha paMkti-bAhya hI rhaa| devastutiparaka maMtroM se pRthak manuSyoM kI dAna-stutiyoM evaM anya viSayoM meM raibhI, nArAzaMsI' tathA gAthAoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi raibhI' aura 'nArAzaMsI' kI tulanA meM apanI gItimayatA ke kAraNa 1 00 24 prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara 2000

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gAthA ko maMtra-draSTAoM ne adhika sammAna diyA hai| Rgveda' ke eka maMtra (9/99/4) meM likhA hai ki pAvana (pavamAna) soma kI vandanA kA sAmagAna strotAgaNa prAcIna gAthAoM ke yoga se karate the, usa samaya devatAoM ke nAmoccaraNa ke samaya unakI aMguliyA~ soma-chavi pradAna karatI thIM- "taM gAthayA purANyA punAnamabhyanUSata / uto kRpanA dhItayo devAnAM nAma bibhratI: / / " ___ azvinI-kumAroM ke sAtha pariNaya kI velA meM navavadhU sUryA ke maMgala paridhAna gAthA se pariSkRta hone utprekSA kI gaI hai ki mAno navavadhU ke zRMgAra ke samaya vivAhamaMgala kI lokagItiyA~ gAI jA rahI hoN| Rgveda kA maMtra hai "raibhyA sIdanadeyI nArAzaMsI nyocnii| sUryAyA bhadramidvAso gAthayaiti pariSkRtam / / " - 10/85/6) arthAt raibhI (RcA) sUryA kI vidA ke samaya sAtha jAne vAlI sahelI (yajamAna vadhU vinodAya dIyamAnA vayasyA anudeyI) aura nArAzaMsI dAsI (nyocanI) bnii| sUryA kA maMgala (bhadra) vastra (vAsas) gAthA se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| etareya AraNyaka' ke chaMdoM ko RcA, kumbhyA aura gAthA - ina vargoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| etareya brAhmaNa' (7/18) kA kathana hai ki "RcA daivI hotI hai aura gAthA maanussii|" maitrAyaNI saMhitA' (3/76) meM kahA gayA hai ki "vivAha-lagna ke prasaMga meM 'gAthA' gAI jAtI thii|" isase prakaTa hotA hai ki gAthA-bhAva gItoM kA mUlasvarUpa rahA hogaa| etareya brAhmaNa' (17/18) meM zuna:zepa kI kathA ko 'zatagAtham' kahA gayA hai aura 'zatapatha brAhmaNa' (11/5/7) meM gAthA chaMda ko 'mAtrika' batAyA gayA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM hI nahIM, apitu jenda avestA' meM bhI maMtra-bhAga ke chaMdoM ko 'gAthA' kahA gayA hai| 'kAThaka saMhitA' (14/5) aura taittirIya brAhmaNa' (1/32/6-7) meM ullekha hai ki gAthA gAyakoM se gAthA-gAna ke badale dAna yA mUlya nahIM lenA caahiye| ina ullekhoM se siddha hai ki vaidika yuga meM gAthA maMtrabhAga ke sAtha hI lokapracalita gIti thI, usakA svarUpa mAtrika bhI thA; kintu chanda rUpa meM usakA lakSaNa na milane se lagatA hai ki vaidika gAthA prAya: 'anuSTap' jaise varNika vRttoM para hI AdhArita rahI hogii| ___ maharSi vAlmIki ke mukha se jaba 'anuSTupa' jaise vaidika chaMda kA AdikAvya meM avataraNa huA aura laukika saMskRta meM use nUtana chanda kA avatAra mAnA gayA; taba se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura usake bAda pAlibhASA ke buddhavacanoM aura jAtakoM meM gAthA chaMda lupta ho gyaa| ata: anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mAtrika gAthAyeM mUlata: bhAropIya chaMda yA mUla vaidika chaMda na hokara vaidika AryoM se pUrva bhArata meM rahane vAlI jAtiyoM, saMbhavata: dravir3a jAtiyoM ke lokasAhitya kI dena hai| draviDa-saMparka kAraNa AryoM meM pracalita mAtrika geyapadoM ko 'gAthA' nAma se pukArA jAne lagA hogaa| bAda meM bhI nATya-paramparA meM dhuvAgItiyoM prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 1025

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yA prAkRta gItiyoM meM isI chaMda aura prAkRtabhASA kA pracalana rahA hai / dhruvAgItiyoM kI bhASA ke lie bharatamuni ne yahI niyama - vidhAna kiyA hai-- 'bhASA tu zaurasenI syAt / " - ( nATyazAstra, 32/440 ) bharatamuni dvArA praNIta nATyazAstra ke battIsaveM adhyAya meM 'dhruvAgItiyoM' ke vidhAna evaM prakAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bharatamuni kA kathana hai ki nATya-prayoga meM pA~ca prakAra kI dhruvAgItiyoM kA gAna kiyA jAtA hai-- prAvezikI, AkSepikI, prAsAdikI, antarA tathA naiSkrAmikI__ " pravezAkSepa - niSkrAma- prAsAdika - mathAntaram / " -- (32/317) ina dhruvAoM meM gAna - hetu nAradAdi RSi-muniyoM dvArA anekavidha vicAra kiyA gayA thA, jinameM gAthA - gIti bhI sammilita / yathA-- "yA Rca: pANikA gAthA saptarUpAMgameva ca / saptarUpapramANaM ca taddhruvetyabhisaMjJitama / / " - (32/2) 1 arthAt RcAyeM, pANikA, gAthA aura saptagIta - ina sabhI ko 'dhruvA' kahA jAtA hai geyapadoM meM 'laghu' aura 'guru' akSaroM kA jo prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, unheM bharata ne 'gAthAMza' nAma diyA hai| "gururgAthAMzakau yasyAH sarvapAdeSu dRzyate / zrIriti khyAtanAmAsau kIrtitA prathamA dhruvA / / " - ( 32/49) ina dhruvAgItiyoM ke nAnAvRttoM se utpanna prakAroM ko nATyazAstra meM 'jAti' kahA gayA hai| " etAstu jAtayaH proktA nAnAvRtta - samudbhavAH / " - (32/313) ina jAti nAmaka gAthA-prakAroM (yA gItibhedoM) kA prayoga vahA~ kiyA jAnA cAhiye, jahA~ vAkyoM meM saMvAda bolanA abhISTa yA ucita na ho; kyoMki gItoM se yukta vAkyArthoM se rasapAka meM sahaja paripakvatA A jAtI hai| -- " yAni vAkyaistu na brUyAttAni gItairudAharet / gItaireva hi vAkyArthe: rasapAko balAzrayaH / / " - ( 32/357-58) yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bharatamuni ne pA~coM prakAra kI dhruvAgItiyoM ke liye kevala zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA niyama hI nahIM banAyA, apitu unhoMne usake lie jo mAtrika chaMdoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, ve bhI isI prAkRta meM nibaddha haiM aura lokagIta-pa - paramparA se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM / kintu brahmA dvArA nirmita paMcama eMva sarvavedasArarUpa sArvavarNika 'nATyaveda' kA nAma caritArtha karane ke lie tathA vaidika-yugIna gAthA - paramparA se jor3ane ke lie dhruvA-gAthAoM ko sAtoM vaidika chaMdoM ke AdhAra para nayA jAti-svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai / jaise-- (i) gAyatrI jAti 1 "meha ravAulaM ruddhagaha kadaMbaM / pasamida divAkaraM rudadi viya NahadalaM / / " 00 26 prAkRtavidyA+julAI-sitambara 2000

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(i) uSNika jAti "phullia-tarukhaMDe surbhi-pvnnhde| viharadi padamavaNe haMso shari-prikhudo||" (ii) anuSTup jAti "tArAbaMdhu esa Nahe vikkiramANo mehpddm| kiraNasahassa bhUsidao udayadi saummo rjnnikro||" (iv) bRhatI jAti "eso sumeru-vaNaammi deva-siddhaprigiide| adi-surabhi-gaMdha-vanacArI pavicaradi vihaMgama juvaavo||" (v) paMkti jAti "pAdavasIsaM kaMpaamANo surahi ga-gNdd-vaasido| upavaNa-tarugaNa-lAsaNao vicaradi varataNu vnnpvnno||" (vi) triSTup jAti "kumudavaNassa vibhUsaNao, vidhuNia timirapaDaM ggnne| udaagirisihara mahiruhaMto, raaNikaro udayadi vimlkro||" (vii) jagatI jAti "diagaNa-muNigaNa saMthudao, tvid-knnabr-sNnnibh-deho| dudamiha NahadalamahiruhamANo, viaradi sapadi divskro||" ye sabhI jAtiyA~ (lokagItiyA~) vaidika chaMdoM se saMbaddha mAtrika jAtiyA~ kahI gaI haiN| inake atirikta gaNa evaM mAtrAoM ke AdhAra para 'dhruvA' chaMdoM ke itane prakAra varNita haiM, jinheM isa laghu lekha ke kalevara meM uddhRta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki nATyazAstra meM prAkRta-gAthAoM ko dhruvAgItiyoM ke anivArya karake bhAratamuni ne gAthAoM jAti kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura unake sarasa bhAvapradhAna kAvyaguNa ko sammAna diyA hai| nATyazAstra kI racanA ke samaya taka prAkRtagAthA aneka rUpoM meM gAna kI vidhA thii| vaha eka mAtrika chaMda ke sA~ce meM sImita nahIM huI thii| piMgalAcArya ne jaba apanA suprasiddha chanda:zAstra likhA, taba gAthA ke viSaya meM itanA hI sUtra likhA-- 'atrAnuktaM gaathaa|' (8/1) isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM 'halAyudha' ne spaSTa kiyA-- "atra zAstre nAmoddezena yannoktaM chandaH, prayoge ca dRzyate, tadgAthoti mantavyam / geyapada yA gIti hone ke kAraNa saMskRta ke piMgalazAstra meM 'gAthA', 'anukta' hI rahI; kintu janakaMThoM meM yaha niraMtara gUMjatI rahI aura prAkRtavANI ko zRMgAra banakara gAI jAtI rhii| ratnazekhara sUri ne 'chandakoza' meM gAthA kA chandarUpa meM lakSaNa likhA prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0027

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"sAmaNNeNaM bArasa aTThArasa bAra pnnnnrsmttaao| kamaso paya-caukke gAhAe huMti NiyameNaM / / " saMskRta ke mAtrika chaMda 'AryA' kA bhI yahI lakSaNa hai "yasyA: pAde prathame dvAdazamAtrA stathA tRtIye'pi / aSTAdaza dvitIye caturthake paJcadaza sAryA / / " 'gAthA' aura 'AryA' kI isa samAnatA ko dekhakara kolabuka (A.R. x 400) kA kathana hai "prAkRta gAthA saMskRta AryA kA lokarUpa hai; kintu yaha kathana prAmANika nahIM, mAtra AnumAnika hai|" vastuta: gAthA apane mUlarUpa meM viSama dvipadI khaNDa' thA, jisakI prathama arddhAlI meM 30 aura dUsarI arddhAlI meM 27 mAtrAyeM hotI thiiN| yaha geya thA aura bhAvagItoM kA AdhAra thaa| isa chaMda kA mAtrika vidhAna aura dvipadItva isake lokagItAtmaka utsa kA saMketa karate haiN| piMgalAcArya ne ise 'anukta' kahakara chor3a diyA aura vRtta-ratnAkara' (1/18) meM 'zaSaM gAthA' likhakara gAthA ko viSamAkSara' evaM viSama caraNavAlA 'viSamavRtta' batAyA gyaa| jaba lokachaMda 'gAthA' ko saMskRta paMDitoM ne 'AryA' nAma diyA, jo dvipadI khaMDa gAthA ko 12 : 18 : 12: 15 mAtrAoM meM vibhAjita karake ise catuSpadI banAkara apanA liyaa| isaprakAra prAkRta 'gAthA' saMskRta meM 'AryA' pada para pratiSThita huI; kintu 'sAmaveda' ke sahasravatrmoM kI taraha gAthA ke anya aneka bhedopabheda saMskRta meM avatarita nahIM ho sake, jabaki prAkRta meM ve kAvyodyAna meM prasphuTita hote rahe, jinakA vivaraNa NaMdiyaDDha (nanditADhya) dvArA likhita prAcIna graMtha 'gAthA-lakSaNa' meM vistAra se milatA hai| sadAziva AtmArAma jogaLekara ne hAlasAtavAhanAcI gAthA saptazatI' kI bhUmikA (pR046) meM marAThI vRttadarpaNa' se uddhata lakSaNa-sahita viSamavRtta AryA (gAthA) ke cAra anya gItibhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai gIti - 12 + 18 : 12+ 18 upagIti - 12+ 15 : 12 + 15 udgIti - 12+15 : 12 + 18 AryAgIti - 12 + 20 : 12 + 20 kintu inake udAharaNa saMskRta meM nahI milate, jabaki vastuta: ye gAthA chaMda ke prakAra haiM, isaliye prAkRta meM inake udAharaNa pracura parimANa meM upalabdha hai| 'prAkRta-paiMgalam' (bhAga-2) meM viSama dvipadI gAhA' jisake prathamArddha meM 30 aura dvitIyArdha meM 27 mAtrAyeM kula 57 mAtrAyeM hotI haiM, jisakA catuSpadI rUpa saMskRta meM 'AryA' kahalAyA, ke mukhyata: 27 bheda ginAye haiM, jo guru-laghu vargoM kI ghaTa-bar3ha ke AdhAra para banate haiN| jisa gAthA meM 27 guru tathA tIna laghu varNa (kula 30 varNa evaM 57 mAtrAyeM) hoM, vaha gAthAoM meM AdyA lakSmI gAthA' (lacchIgAhA) kahalAtI hai| tIsa akSaroM se yukta isa lakSmI ko sabhI pUjate haiN| isI meM kramaza: eka-eka guru kA hAsa karane se Rddhi, buddhi. 00 28 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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lajjA Adi 27 bheda niSpanna hote haiN| aMtima bheda haMsavadhU meM eka guru aura 55 laghu varNa hote haiN| gAhA meM eka jagaNa' honA zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| eka jagaNa se yukta gAthA kulavatI, do jagaNa se svayaMgRhItA, tIna se raMDA aura adhika hone se vezyA kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra 13 laghu varNa hone se gAhA brAhmaNI, 21 laghu hone para kSatriyA, 27 laghu hone para vaiyazvadhU aura zeSa zUdrA hotI hai| jina gAhA meM prathama, tRtIyA aura paMcama yA saptama sthAna meM jagaNa' ho, to vaha 'gurviNI' kahalAtI hai| prAkRta kAvya meM avagAhana karane para inake udAharaNa prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| nATyazAstra meM jAti' nAma se paribhASita, 'dhuvAgIti' ke abhidhAna se nATyaprabandhoM meM prayukta prAkRtabhASA ke gIti chaMdoM meM nibaddha karake gAI jAnevAlI, vAkya, varNa, alaMkAra, yati, pANi aura laya ke anyonya saMbaddha zAstrabaddha zailI meM nibaddha gAthA-gIti madhyayuga meM do dhArAoM meM ba~Ta gaI- (i) saMgItadhArA aura (ii) kaavydhaaraa| saMgItadhArA meM gItirUpa meM pracalita gAthA kA nAma 'dhruvagIti' se badalakara 'dhruvapada' ho gyaa| dhruvapada ke liye nATyazAstra ke anukaraNa para lokabhASA meM hI gAye jAne kA niyama pracalita rhaa| ata: dhuvrapada ke bola 'zaurasenI' ke vikasita lokabhASArUpa brajabhASA meM race gye| saMgIta-kSetra meM praviSTa hokara gAthA gIti kA dhruvapada rUpa apane zAstrIya nibaMdhana meM cAra aMgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA- sthAyI, antarA, saMcArI aura aabhog| ina cAra aMgoM meM jo zabda- racanA gAI jAtI thI, vaha yA to zRMgAra yA bhakti-rasa kI pada-racanA hotI thI, yA kavitta-savaiyA Adi chaMdoM kI catuSpadI hotI thii| guru-ziSya-paramparA yA kula-paramparA ke anusAra gAna-zailI meM kucha bhinnatA ke AdhAra para dhruvapada-gIti kI cAra 'bAniyA~' cala par3IM, jinheM 'gharAnA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye cAra bAniyA~ haiM- gobaraharI bAnI, khaMDAra- bAnI, agurabAnI aura nohaarbaanii| ye bAniyA~ saMgIta kI zAstrIya gAna zailiyA~ hokara bhI kAvya-bAhya nahIM thI, dhrupada-gAyaka rasakhAna ke savaiye (sapha mahesa Adi), sUradAsa Adi aSTachApa kaviyoM ke bhakti padoM (sUra Ayo sIsa para, yA ratnajaTita kanakathAla) ko dhupada ke caturaMgI sA~ce meM DhAlakara Aja bhI gAte haiN| cU~ki gAthA vaidika maMtroM se sambaddha thI, ata: dhupada ke gavaiye apanA gAna 'om' ke uccAraNa se zurU karate haiN| inameM kaI muslima gharAnoM ke gAyaka hone ke kAraNa 'om' ko 'nom-vom' meM parivartita kara dete haiN| ___ isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI nitAnta ullekhanIya hai bhaktikAlIna padaracanA kI paramparA kA mUla upajIvya rUpa thA bhagavatpAda AdyazaMkarAcArya dvArA pravartita 'aSTapadI' gIti-zailI, jisameM prathama paMkti sthAyIrUpa meM 'dhruvapaMkti' kahalAtI hai aura Age ke pada 'antarA' ke rUpa meM gAye jAte the| yaha nUtana zailI vastuta: tatkAlIna pracalita lokagItiyoM se hI grahaNa kI gaI thI, jo gAthaka' yA 'gAthika' kahalAte the| gAyaka (gai+thakan) zuddha bhAvagIti-gAyaka prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0029

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the aura gAthika (gai+Than) gIti meM kathAtattva kA saMyoga karake gAte the, unheM kathAgAyaka bhI kaha sakate haiN| guruvarya zaMkarAcArya advaitavAda ke pravartaka the| isa darzana meM brahma kI mAyA-sRSTi ko makar3I (lUtA) kI upamA se samajhAyA jAtA hai| saMbhavata: isIliye bhagavatpAda ne makar3I kI taraha gIti meM bhI ATha pada racakara use 'aSTapadI' banA diyA saMskRta gIti-paramparA meM yaha aSTapadI lokapriya hotI gaI, jisakA sarvazreSTha nidarzana utkala kavi jayadeva kI sarasa racanA gIta-govindam' hai, jisakA anuvartana saMskRta gItikAvya meM kAphI huaa| purI ke jagannAtha maMdira se yaha aSTapadI deza bhara meM bhaktipadoM kI alaga pahacAna bana gii| kAvyakSetra meM 'gAthA' ne jaba gIti-chaMdoM kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA aura prAkRtabhASA meM gAthAmuktakoM kI koTiza unmukta racanAoM ke saMgraha haoNlaracita 'gAhAsattasaI' kA anukaraNa saMskRta kI AryAoM ne kiyA, to vahI paraMparA braja-avadhI aura maithilI ke kAvyoM meM dohA', 'soraThA', baravai Adi chaMdoM kA rUpa lekara Age bar3hI, jisase 'sattasaI' sAhitya samRddha hotA gyaa| mahAkavi bANabhaTTa ne harSacarita' ke prAstAvika bhAga meM 'gAhAkoza' kA kAvyAtmaka ullekha karate hue likhA hai "avinaashinmgraamymkrotsaatvaahnH| vizuddhajAtibhi: kozaM ratnairiva subhASitaiH / / " 'gAthAkoza' ke prAkRta-subhASitoM ko ratnoM kI upamA dete hue bANabhaTTa ne vizuddha 'jAti' chaMda kahA hai| 'gAhA' chaMda kI yahI vizeSatA hai ki vaha loka-chaMda 'jAti' thA, kintu usameM 'agrAmyatA' thI, grAmyatva doSa nahIM thaa| prAkRta-gAthAoM ke racayitA lokakavi rahe hoMge, grAmavAsI bhI ho sakate haiM; kintu unakI gAthAoM meM ga~vArapana nahIM hai, isIliye vaha koza sadA 'avinAzI' banA rahA hai| ___gAhA' meM nibaddha prAkRtakAvya ko to 'amiaM' kahA hI gayA hai, kintu prAkRta-muktakoM meM 'gAhA' kI prazasti bhI aneka prakAra se gAI gaI hai| 'gAhA' varakAminI ke samAna unmukta hRdayA (sacchaMdiyA) rUpavatI, alakArabhUSitA aura sarasabhASiNI hotI hai| vaha tabhI rasa pradAna karatI hai, jaba usakA surIti se avagAhana yA gAyana kiyA jAye "sacchaMdiyA sarUvA sAlaMkArA srs-ullaavaa| varakAmiNavva gAhA gAhijjaMtI rasaM dei / / " - (vajjA0 3) yahA~ 'gAhijjaMtI' zabda meM zleSa hai-- gAhyamAnA evaM giiymaanaa| kAlidAsa kI vANI kI eka prazasti meM bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai-- 'priyAGkapAlIva vimrdhRdyaa|| ___ anyatra kahA gayA hai ki gAhA kA rasa, mahilAoM ke vibhrama aura kaviyoM ke ullApa kisakA hRdaya nahIM hara lete-- "kassa Na haraMti hiyayaM / " (vajjAlaggaM, 3/5) / jo loka gAthAoM ke gItoM ke praur3ha mahilAoM aura tantrInAdoM ke rasa ko nahIM jAnate, unake liye unakA ajJAna hI sabase bar3A daMDa hai| -(vajjA, 3/9) 00 30 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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bihArI ne isa bhAva ko apane dohe meM aura adhika spaSTa eMva kAvyamaya DhaMga se kahA hai- "taMtrInAda, kavittarasa, sarasa rAga, rti-rNg| anabUr3e bUr3e, tare je bUr3e saba aNg||" 'anabUr3e arasika' na to jIvana meM mahilAoM ke hRdayagata bhAva ko aura na kAvya meM gAthAoM ke marmagata rasa ko pA sakate haiN| ve to nipaTa abhAge aura puNyabhraSTa loga haiN| - (vajjAlaggaM, 3/5) / isaliye alaMkAroM se sajI, sAmudrika lakSaNoM se yukta aura paraspara anurAga se rasikahRdayA rUpa suMdarI premikAoM kI taraha ramaNIya sAlaMkAra, sulakSaNA aura vividha rAga-rAginiyoM se gAI jAne vAlI gAthAyeM jaba hRdaya meM nahIM utaratIM, taba pAThaka yA zrotA premiyoM kA mana khinna ho jAtA hai| -(vajjAlaggaM, 3/2) / eka gAthA kavi ne svayaM gAhA (gAthA) ko hI cetAvanI dete hue kahA hai ki "arasika ga~vAra logoM se tuma dUra-dUra hI rahanA, jo tumheM bhalI-bhA~ti gA nahIM skte| nahIM to ve tumheM apane dA~toM se cabA-cabAkara tumheM pIr3A pahu~cAte hue usI taraha tor3akara laghu banA deMge (tumhArI gurutA naSTa kara deMge), jaise ga~vaI loga Ikha ke DaMDe ko kaThora dA~toM se kATa-kATa kara choTA kara dete hai|" gAthA-gAyana eka viziSTa kalA hai| jo pAThaka yA nAyaka isa chaMda kI mAtrAoM ke sAtha unakI yati-gati evaM svara-laya kI paddhati ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha ise prastuta karegA, to gAhA zruti-ramaNIya nahIM hogI-- "chaMda ayANamANehi jA kiyA sA pa hoi rmnnijjaa|" - (vajjAlaggaM 3/10) / jayavallabhasUri ne 'vajjAlaggaM' meM eka gAthA saMkalita kI hai, jisameM varNana kiyA gayA hai ki ga~vAra loga dvArA Ula-jalUla DhaMga se bole jAne se gAhA becArI usI taraha 'lucapaluMca' hokara rudana karane lagatI hai; jisa taraha anAr3I gvAle (manda dogdhA) ke hAthoM se beDhaMge tarIke se thana kucale-masale jAne para becArI dudhArU gaiyA kaSTa se ra~bhAratI hai "gAhA ruvaI varAI sikkhijjaMtI gNvaar-loehiN| kIrai laMcapahuMcA jaha gAI maMda-dohehiM / / " - (vahI, 3/7) prAkRta muktaka-kAvya meM lokAnubhUtiyA~ abhivyakta huI haiM, jana-jana ke sukha-duHkha mukharita hue haiM, sarasa DhaMga se kAmatattva kA cintana huA hai, rAga-parivAhinI gIti kI gAthA-gagariyA~ chalakAI gaI haiM; isalie mahAkavi hAla ne 'gAhAsattasaI' meM likhA ki isa amRtamaya prAkRtakAvya ko par3hane kA eka salIkA hai| jo loga ise nahIM jAnate, unheM kAmatattva kA cintana karate hue zarma kyoM nahIM AtI? gAthAyeM mahAvidagdha janoM kI goSThI meM hI vizvAsa hokara par3hI jAnI cAhiye; kyoMki ve hI gAthAgAyaka yA gAhA-pAThaka kI prAkRta-kavitA ke paramArtha ko samajha sakate haiN| gAhA chaMda meM nibaddha zRMgArarasapUrNa muktakoM ko par3he binA na to ardhAkSara-bhaNitoM kA, na savilAsa mugdha-hasitoM kA aura na hI ardhAkSi-prekSitoM kA AnaMda prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha bAta nizcita hai| gA~voM meM janmI, prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 4031

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pI aura bar3hI naisargika rUpavatI aura sahaja rAgamayI alhar3a grAmabAlA sI 'gAhA' ne AryA nAgarikAoM ke premI saMskRta - paMDitoM kA bhI zatAbdiyoM se mana moha rakhA hai-- tabhI to dhvani kAvya ke zreSTha udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ve gAhA ko hI nihArate rahe haiM aura 'gAhA' bhI apane alhar3apana meM kahatI rahI hai- "gAhAruhammi gAme vasAmi NaaraTThi Na ANAmi / NAariANaM paNo haremi jA homi sA homi / / " maiM gA~voM meM janmI, rahatI hU~ gA~voM meM, hAla nagara kA kyA hai? yaha maiM nahIM jAnatI / maiM jo hU~, so hU~ / para nAgariyoM ke patiyoM kA mana hara letI hU~, basa maiM to yahI mAnatI / / sandarbhagraMtha sUcI 1. dvidhA vibhaktena ca vAGmayena sarasvatI tanmithunaM nunAva / saMskArapUtena varaM vareNyaM vadhuM sukhagrAhyanibandhanena / / - (kumArasaMbhavamahAkAvya) 2. karpUramaMjarI, rAjazekhara ( 1/8 ) / 3. vajjAlaggaM, jayavallabhasUri (3/18 ) / 4. gauDavaho, vAkpatirAja (1 / 92 ) / 5. vajjAlaggaM, 3/4 1 6. gAhAsattasaI, 1 / 7. AryAsaptazatI, 52 / mithyAdRSTi banAma nAstikatA 'mithyAdRSTirnAstikatA / ' - ( amarakoza, 5/1/4 pRSTha 30 ) " mithyAdRSTiH nAstikatA dve paralokAbhAvAdijJAnasya / nAsti paraloke iti matiryasya tasya bhAvo nAstikatA / / " arthaH- mithyAdRSTi evaM nAstikatA - ye do eka sikke ke hI do pahalU haiN| ( kyoMki mithyAdRSTi jIva paraloka Adi kI ciMtA kiye binA viSaya- kaSAya meM pravRtta hokara karma bAMdhatA rahatA hai) / tathA paraloka Adi nahIM haiM --aisI buddhi yA bhAva kA nAma hI nAstikatA hai / isIlie paraloka ke duHkhoM kI paravAha kiye binA karmabandhana meM nirata mithyAdRSTi ko 'nAstika' kahA gayA hai| 00 32 ** prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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'samrAda khAravela ke zilAlekha' kI sUtrAtmaka zailI kI dRSTi se samIkSA -zrImatI raMjanA jaina prAcIna abhilekhoM kA aitihAsika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, naitika, bhaugolika Adi anekoM dRSTiyoM se adhyayana hotA rahA hai aura una para Alekha, pustakeM Adi bhI likhI jAtI rahIM haiN| kintu sAhityika dRSTi se abhilekhoM kA adhyayana va lekhana kA kArya bahuta nagaNyaprAya: rahA hai| isa dizA meM viduSI lekhikA dvArA kiyA gayA yaha kArya bhAratIya prAcIna abhilekhoM ke bAre meM eka navIna cintana-paridRzya kA sUtrapAta karatA hai| isa dRSTi se kArya karane para ina abhilekhoM ko sAhityika mAnyatA bhI mila skegii| 'prAkRtavidyA' ke jijJAsu pAThakoM ko yaha Alekha avazya rucikara lgegaa| -sampAdaka digvijayI samrAT khAravela IsApUrva dvitIya zatAbdI kA aparAjeya samrAT evaM prajAvatsala rAjA thaa| prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra vaha saMbhavata: bhArata kA aisA prathama samrAT thA, jisakA 'mahArAjA' ke rUpa meM rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA gayA thaa| jaisA ki vaha apane aitihAsika hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM likhatA hai-- "mahArAjAbhisecanaM paapunaati|" usane isa deza ko 'bhAratavarSa' isa saMjJA se bhI apane ukta zilAlekha meM abhihita karake isa nAmakaraNa ko aitihyatA evaM asaMdigdhatA pradAna kI thii| itihAsa evaM saMskRti kI dRSTi se anekoM mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko AtmasAt kiye isa saMkSipta kalevaravAle mahanIya zilAlekha meM zabdoM ko sImitatA hote hue bhI apAra kathya samAhita hai| isIkAraNa se ise 'sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhe gaye advitIya aitihAsika abhilekha' kI saMjJA bhI vidvAnoM ne pradAna kI hai| isameM nihita sUtrAtmakatA ko lakSita karake usakI sAdhAra siddhi karane kA saMkSipta prayAsa isa Alekha meM kiyA gayA hai| zAstrakAroM ne sUtra kA lakSaNa nimnAnusAra batAyA hai "alpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM sAravad guuddhnirnnym| nirdoSa hetumattathyaM sUtraM sUtravido viduH||" isake anusAra sUtra ke pramukha sAta lakSaNa haiM1. jisameM kama se kama zabdoM meM adhika bAta kahI gaI ho| 2. jisameM saMdeharahita prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0033

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kathana ho / 3. jisameM sArabhUta bAteM kahI gaI ho / 4. jisameM gUr3ha bAtoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA ho / 5. jo punarukti Adi doSoM se rahita ho / 6. jisameM hetu yA pramANapUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA ho| 7. jo tathyAtmaka ho / sUtra lakSaNa kI isa kasauTI para kasane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki samrAT khAravela kA zilAlekha kisI sUtra - graMtha kA praNayana to nahIM thA, kiMtu usameM sUtra- -zailI kA bharapUra prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA sAdhAra vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai-- 1. alpAkSaratva sAmAnyata: zilAlekha meM sUtrazailI ke isa aMga kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki isameM lipyAsana yA lekhana kI AdhAra - sAmagrI kI sImititA, lekha utkIrNa karane kI kaThinatA tathA usameM lokaruci banI rahe isa nimitta lekhana - sAmagrI kI sImititA Adi kAraNoM se zilAlekha - sImita zabdoM meM hI likhAye jAne kI paramparA hai| adhikAMza pratiSThita zilAlekhoM meM to isa bAta kA AdyopAMta anupAlana huA hai / yahA~ taka ki maMgalAcaraNa meM bhI pA~coM parameSThiyoM kI jagaha mAtra do parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra karake hI vaha mUla bAta para A gaye haiN| zabdoM kI sImititA ke kAraNa hI usameM samAsa - bahula prayoga kiye haiN| yathA"lekha-rUpa-gaNanA-vavahAra vidhi-visAradena, gopura - pAkAra-nivesanaM, kaliMga-puvarAja nivesinaM, sIri- kaDAra - sarIravatA, vitadha mukuTa, nikhita- chata - bhiMgAre, maNi - ratanAni " ityAdi / yadyapi kaI vizeSaNoM ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AtmazlAghA ke liye usane zabda-sImititA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA hai, kiMtu sUkSmatA se vicAra karane para pratyeka vizeSaNa kisI na kisI navIna tathya kI vyApaka jAnakArI kA pratinidhitva karatA siddha hotA hai| saMkSipta kathana - zailI kA yaha pramukha vaiziSTya hai ki yadi usa likhita sAmagrI meM se eka akSara yA eka zabda bhI kama kara diyA jAye, to vahA~ nizcitarUpa se artha evaM vAkya meM kamI yA nyUnatA A jAtI hai| khAravela zilAlekha meM bhI yaha bAta pUrI taraha ghaTita hotI hai| kyoMki jahA~ kahIM se bhI eka pada bhI truTita yA avAcya rahA hai, vahIM vaha vAkya adhUrA raha gayA hai, aura usakA artha spaSTa nahIM hotA / yathA-- 'dasame ca vase daMDa saMdhi sAma (mayo ) bharadhavasa paThAnaM mahIjayanaM ..... kArApayati / ' 'satamacavasaM pasAsato vajiradharavati........... ..samatukapada (punAM ) sa ( kumAra )...... / ' 2. asaMdigdhatva hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM alpasAkSaratA kA pAlana karane ke liye samAsoM evaM sImita zabdoM ke prayoga huye haiN| phira bhI isakAraNa se kahIM bhI bhrAmaka yA saMdeha - utpAdaka kathana unhoMne nahIM kiye haiM / na hI isakI samAsa - zailI kahIM bhI spaSTa artha- bodha meM bAdhaka banI hai / aspaSTa arthavAle yA saMzayotpAdaka- padoM kA kahIM bhI prayoga nahIM kiyA jAne se saMkSipta hote huye bhI hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kA pratyeka kathana asaMdigdha hai| prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara 2000 00 34

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spaSTa samAsa - - gaMdhavaveda-budho, haya-gaja - Nara - radha - bahulaM, jIva- deha - sirikA, sakala - - suvihitAnaM, saba-raThika- bhojake / samaNa 3. sAravattva anAvazyaka bAtoM kA kathana na ho, mAtra sArabhUta bAteM hI AyeM - isake prati samrAT khAravela itanA adhika sAvadhAna thA ki usake abhilekha meM trayodaza-varSIya rAjya - vivaraNa ke atirikta anya kaI mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM bhI nahIM A rahI haiM / jaiseki-- khAravela ke mAtA-pitA kA nAma yA AgAmI pIr3hI Adi kA vivaraNa / yadyapi vaha sAtaveM varSa meM apane rAjakumAra kI utpatti kA saMketa karatA hai, kintu koI vivaraNa vaha nahIM detA hai / itihAsakAroM ko ye cIjeM kamI ke rUpa meM laga sakatI hai; kintu yadi hama bhAratIya paramparA kA smaraNa kareM, to usameM vaiyaktika paricaya ke bAre meM aise prayoga anekatra prApta hote haiM / kaI sAhityakAroM ne bar3e-bar3e graMtha likha diye; kintu apane kula - paricaya ke bAre meM eka paMkti bhI nahIM likhI / tathA hAthIgumphA abhilekha ke mAdhyama se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isameM khAravela kA lakSya apane trayodazavarSIya rAjya zAsana kA saMkSipta vivaraNa denA thA / rAjyAbhiSeka ke pUrvavartI usane apane 24 varSIya vaiyaktika jIvana ko bhI mAtra kucha hI zabdoM meM kahakara samApta kiyA hai| isIprakAra upasaMhAra - vAkya meM bhI usane pratyeka vizeSaNa ke dvArA apane vyaktigata evaM jIvana kI vizeSa upalabdhiyoM ko saMketita kiyA hai / aura pratyeka pada meM sArabhUta mahattvapUrNa bAtoM ko hI sUcita karatA hai / isakI sAravattA ko isa bAta se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki abhI taka lagabhaga Der3ha sau se adhika vidvAnoM ne isake zilAlekha ke pratyeka pada kA bhASya kiyA hai; tathApi kaI pada abhI bhI anekoM rahasyoM ko apane Apa meM saMjoye huye haiM / tathA unake vizada - vyAkhyAna meM kaI pRSThoM kI sAmagrI A sakatI hai / udAharaNasvarUpa- 'gaMdhavavedabudho' evaM 'vijAdhirAdhivAsa - ahatapuvaM' ye do pada aisI hI vyApaka vivecana kI apekSA rakhate haiM / 4. gUr3ha nirNayatva hAthIgumphA abhilekha yadyapi eka samrAT kA aitihAsika vivaraNa hai, phira bhI isake sImita zabda bhI anekoM gaMbhIra bAteM saMketamAtra meM prastuta kara jAte haiN| jaiseki-- rAjyAbhiSeka ke dvitIya varSa meM 'acitayitA sAtakaNiM' yaha pada batAtA hai ki khAravela ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya sAtakarNI rAjA eka parAkramI evaM susamRddha rAjya kA dhanI rahA hogA; kiMtu khAravela ko apane pauruSa, raNakauzala evaM dUradarzitA para pUrNa vizvAsa thaa| ata: usane sAtakarNI kI paravAha kiye binA pazcima dizA kI ora apanI caturaMgiNI senA ko bhejA / kiMtu isase yaha bhI spaSTarUpa se saMketita hai ki vaha sAtakarNI se ulajhA nahIM thA / arthAt usane sAtakarNI se yuddha nahIM kiyA thA / isIprakAra 'kRSNaveNA' ko pAra karane ke bAda 'asika nagara' kA ullekha usake mArga prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 OO 35

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evaM bhaugolika sthiti kI sArthaka sUcanAyeM dete haiN| isIprakAra rAjyAbhiSeka ke pA~caveM varSa meM naMda rAjA ke dvArA tIna sau varSa pUrva khudavAI gaI nahara ko tinasuliyA ke rAste kaliMga nagarI lAnA aitihAsika evaM bhaugolika donoM dRSTiyoM se gUr3ha-rahasyoM ko sUcita karanA hai| rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThaveM varSa meM pradatta vivaraNa meM bhI 'palavabhAra' evaM 'kaparukha' ina do padoM ke dvArA usane eka pUrI saMskRti ke gUDha tattvoM ko saMketita kara diyA hai| gyAharaveM varSa meM 'pithuDa ko gadhoM se jutavAnA' bhI aise hI gUDha-rahasyoM kA udbhAvana karatA hai| kyoMki kisI sthAna ko ujar3avAne ke liye aise prayoga kiye jAte the| isI krama meM jaba vaha eka sau teraha varSa prAcIna tamila-gaNataMtra kI sUcanA detA hai| to vaha isakI saMbalatA tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdI se gaNatAMtrika vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa rahasya udghATita karatA hai| aMtata: 'coyaThi aMga saMtika turiyaM', 'jIvadehasirikA' evaM 'khemarAjA' Adi padoM kA prayoga gUDha-rahasyoM ko sUcita karatA hai| 5. nirdoSatva ___ sUtrazailI meM punarukti yA piSTapeSaNa ko sabase pramukha doSa mAnA jAtA hai| hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM varSa-kramAnusAra tathyAtmaka nirUpaNa hone se isameM piSTa-peSaNa kI guMjAiza bhI nahIM thii| tathA samrAT khAravela ne bhI isake bAre meM behada sAvadhAnI rakhI hai| saMpUrNa zilAlekha meM eka mAtra samrAT khAravela kA nAma hI ekAdhika bAra AyA hai, aura vaha bhI vAkya meM asaMdigdhatA ke liye; na ki piSTapeSaNa ke liye| kyoMki yadi una sthaloM para isake nAma kI jagaha sarvanAmoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA, to usameM bhrama kI paryApta guMjAiza thii| anya vyAkaraNAdi dRSTiyoM se bhI isa zilAlekha ke pATha adhika Adarza evaM nirdoSa hai| ata: sUtrazailI ke pA~caveM guNa nirdoSatA' kA bhI isameM spaSTarUpa se anupAlana pratIta hotA hai| 6. hetumattva jaba pratyeka pada kA prayoga soddezya evaM sahetuka rIti se kiyA jAtA hai, to use hatamat prayoga' kahate haiN| khAravela-abhilekha meM vaise to pratyeka pada kA prayoga soddezya evaM sahetuka hai; jaise 'Namo arihaMtANaM' Adi do laghu vAkyAMza maMgalAcaraNa ke nimitta diye gaye haiN| 'mahArAjAbhisecanaM pada usake viziSTa rAjyAbhiSeka ko sUcita karatA hai| vAtavihata pada gopuroM evaM prAkAroM Adi ke puna:saMskAra kA kAraNa batAtA hai| 'kaNhaveNaM gatAya' pada kaliMga nagarI se 'asika nagara' kI dizA ko samajhane ke liye mIla ke patthara kI bhA~ti hai| 'daMpanatagItavAdita-saMdasanAhiM' evaM 'usava-samAja kArApanAhiM' meM jo alaga-alaga kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai; ve isa kAryakramoM ke AyojanoM kI prakRti kI bhinnatA batAne ke liye haiN| caturtha varSa meM vitadha-mukuTa evaM nikhita-chata-bhiMgAre padoM kA prayoga una parAjita rAjAoM ko mUrtarUpa meM prastuta karane ke uddezya se kiyA gayA hai| 'bamhaNa' evaM 'samaNa' padoM kA prayoga khAravela ke samaya meM vidyamAna pramukha sampradAyoM kI 40 36 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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upasthiti kA sUcaka hai| apane nivAsa ke liye banavAye rAjaprAsAda kA 'mahAvijaya' nAmakaraNa usakI akhaNDa vijaya yAtrAoM kI sArthakatA ko sUcita karatA hai / isIprakAra upasaMhAra meM 'pasaMto sugaMto aNubhavaMto kalANAni kA prayoga eka viziSTa krama ko sUcita karatA hai| adhisaMkhyaka pada isIprakAra sahetuka evaM soddezya prayukta huye haiM / 7. tathyAtmakatva khAravela ne apane pauruSa evaM gauravapUrNa rAjya zAsana kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha to tathyapUrNa hai hI; kiMtu kahIM bhI vaiyaktika pratiSThA ke AkarSaNa meM Akara usane tathyoM ko badalA nahIM hai| jaiseki rAjyAbhiSeka ke paMcamavarSa meM jaba vaha 'tinasuliyA' ke rAste eka nahara ko kaliMga nagarI meM lAne kI bAta karatA hai; vahA~ para vaha yaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki yaha nahara mUlata: usane nahIM khudavAI thI, apitu isakA nirmANa kArya khAravela se bhI tIna sau varSa pUrva naMda rAjA ne karAyA thA / isIprakAra magadharAja 'basahatimitta' kA nAmollekha evaM usase chInakara kaliMga - jina kI pratimA ko sasammAna kaliMga nagarI lAnA khAravela zilAlekha kI tathyaparakatA kI prAmANikatA ko siddha karatA hai / bhale hI khAravela ne anekoM mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA saMpAdana kiyA thA; phira bhI jaina AgamoM ke saMrakSaNa ke liye bulAI gaI goSThI meM mUla zreya vaha apanI rAnI sindhulA ko isaliye detA hai ki vaha usakI preraNAsrota thI / isase spaSTa hai ki sUtrAtmakatA ke samasta AdhAra - biMduoM kA khAravela-abhilekha meM anupAlana hone se khAravela abhilekha sUtrAtmaka lekhana - zailI kA eka Adarza nidarzana pramANita hotA hai / bauddha mUlasaMgha [ mahAtmA buddha-nirvANa ke 236 varSa azoka ke samaya taka bauddhadharma bhinna-bhinna aTThAraha sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho cukA thA ] mahAsaMgIti Ayojita karanevAle bauddha bhikSuoM ne buddha ke zAsana ko viparIta banA ddaalaa| unhoMne 'mUlasaMgha' meM bheda paidA karake eka dUsarA hI saMgha khar3A kara diyaa| unhoMne dharma ke yathArtha Azaya ko bheda ddaalaa| unhoMne dUsare hI sUtroM kA saMgraha kiyA, dUsare hI artha kiye / pA~ca nikAyoM ke yathArtha Azaya aura dharma - prarUpaNA ko unhoMne bheda DAlA / " mahAsaMgItikA bhikkhU vilomaM akaMsu sAsanaM / bhiMditvA mUlasaMghaM ajJa akaMsu saMghaM / / aJJatya saMgahittaM suttaM aJJattha akariMsu / atthaM dhammaM ca bhiMdiMsu ye nikAyesu paMcasu / / " prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara 2000 - ( bauddhagraMtha, dIpavaMsa, 5,32-38) ** 00 37

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he pAvana paryUSaNa Ao ! -anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha bhaya kA vAtAvaraNa banA hai, dharmakArya kaise ho bolo| jJAna-dhyAna- tapa nahIM suhAtA, parvarAja aba AMkheM kholo / pUjApATha nahIM kara pAte, Akara mana ko samajhA jAo, ugravAda, he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 1 / / AtaMkavAda aba paira jamAye khar3A huA hai| lUTapATa anyAyI corI karane meM ar3A huA hai / / svAdhyAya kaise kara pAve, Akara koI mArga dikhAo, he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 2 / / uttama kSamA dhareM hama kaise, bAta-bAta meM krodha satAtA / gurujana vinaya nahIM ho pAtI, sira para mAna car3hA madamAtA / / kSamAzIla vinayI bana jAve aisI koI rAha dikhAo, he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 3 / / Arjava dharma nahIM nibha pAtA, mana meM mAyAcAra bharA hai / uttama zauca gayA gaMgA jI, azuci-bhAva ne mana jakar3A hai / / kapaTa miTe zuci jage bhAvanA, aisA sundara pATha par3hAo, he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 4 / / satya dharma chupa gayA guphA meM, uttama satya nahIM dikha pAtA / saMyama kaise pale batAo, mana-markaTa vaza meM nahiM AtA / / satya aura saMyamamaya jIvana, hove aise bhAva jagAo, OO 38 he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 5 / / tapa kI mahimA bhUla gaye haiM, tapa kevala aba rahA dikhAvA / tyAga pradarzanamAtra raha gayA, dAtA ke mana bharA chalAvA / / tapa aru tyAgamayI ho jIvana, aise aba upadeza sunAo, he pAvana paryUSaNa ! Ao / / 6 / / prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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kiMcit bhI merA nahiM jaga meM, phira bhI parigraha bar3hatA jaataa| Atma-ramaNa ko chor3a niraMtara, viSayoM meM mana daur3A jAtA / / parigraha chor3a brahma ko samajhe, aisA aba saMdeza sunAo, he pAvana pardUSaNa ! aao||7|| abhayadAna do, he paryuSaNa ! dazoM dharma ko pUrNa nibhAve / sahI svarUpa samajhakara unakA, Atma nirIkSaNa karane pAve / / isa hI meM uddhAra chipA hai, sabako yaha Adeza sunaao| he pAvana paryuSaNa ! aao||8|| ** sigareTa se bhI khataranAka hai tandUrI roTI yUM to mu~ha kA svAda badalane ke liye Ajakala madhyamavargIya samAja meM bhI restarAM, hoTala jAnA Ama ho gayA hai| Ama bhojana se haTakara kucha khAne kI pravRtti bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vizva svAsthya saMgaThana' tathA 'milAna vizvavidyAlaya' ke rASTrIya TyUmara saMsthAna' dvArA adhyayana se yaha patA calA hai ki taMdUrI khAnA khAnevAle logoM ko, tandUrI khAne se paraheja karane vAloM kI tulanA meM kaiMsara ke zikAra hone kA khatarA kaI gunA jyAdA hotA hai| unake anusAra taMdUrI khAnA banAne ke daurAna arthAt usake pakane va bhUnane kI prakriyA meM usameM jaharIle rasAyana beMjopAirina kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| yaha atighAtaka rasAyana zarIra ke kaiMsaragrasta hone meM aham bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| taMdUra meM bhojana pakAte samaya usakA tApakrama 700 DigrI selsiyasa se bhI adhika hotA hai| yaha tApakrama bhojana sokha letA hai, jisase usameM kaI prakAra kI rasAyanika kriyAyeM hotI haiM, jisase beMjopAirina kA bhI nirmANa hotA hai, jo kaiMsara ke liye uttaradAyI hai| vaijJAnika zodhoM se yaha bhI patA calA hai ki roTI sekane kA paramparAgata tarIkA arthAt cUlhe meM sikI roTI guNavattA evaM svAda meM aMgIThI. sTova, hITara yA taMdUra meM sikI roTI ke mukAbale adhika svAdiSTa hotI hai| koyale kI rAkha jo roTI para laga jAtI hai, vaha bhI kucha mAtrA meM kailziyama kI kamI ko pUrA karatI hai va maMdI AMca para sikI hone ke kAraNa usake andara kA bhAga pUrI taraha se sika jAtA hai, jo ki jaldI pacanazIla hotA hai; jabaki teja AMca para sikI roTI ko sirpha Upara taha hI sika pAtI hai, jo ki peTa meM jAkara kaI gar3abar3iyoM jaise gaisa, apacanazIlatA, kabja Adi kA kAraNa banatI hai| taMdUra meM pakanevAle eka kilogrAma khAdya padArtha meM 600 sigareTa pIne ke barAbara beMjopAirina kA nirmANa hotA hai| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki taMdUrI bhojana kA sevana sigareTa pIne se bhI jyAdA khataranAka hai| --(sAbhAra -- mevAr3a laukAzAha krAnti, aMka di0 14.10.2000) ** prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 39

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dazalakSaNa dharma -DaoN0 sudIpa jaina 'dharma' zabda 'dhAraNa kiye jAne' yA 'apanAye jAne' ke artha kA sUcaka hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharma mAtra carcA' kA nahIM, apitu caryA' (AcaraNa) kA viSaya hai| tathA ise vastra-paridhAna Adi kI taraha Upara se or3hakara aMgIkAra bhI nahIM karanA hai, apitu apane svAbhAvika guNoM ko zuddharUpa meM prakaTa karanA hai| darpaNa para lagI huI kAlimA ko haTAkara jaise usakI svAbhAvika nirmalatA prakaTa kI jAtI hai, usIprakAra Atma-pariNAmoM meM chAye krodhAdi vikAroM ko haTAkara kSamAdi dazalakSaNamayI svAbhAvika nirmalatA kA prakaTa honA hI Atmadharma hai| isIliye jainaparamparA meM dharma kI carcA ke prasaMga meM uttamakSamAdi dazalakSaNoM kI carcA bhI anivAryata: kI hI jAtI hai| astu, jainadRSTyA dharma kA svarUpa evaM dazalakSaNa dharma kA paricaya yahA~ saMkSepata: prastuta hai|| jainadarzana meM 'dharma' kI paribhASA yA vivecana tIna staroM para prApta hotA hai 1. svarUpata:, 2. phalata:, 3. prayogataH / 1. svarUpataH dharma kI paribhASA (ka) "bhAu visuddhau appaNau dhammu bhaNeviNu lehu|" - (paramAtmaprakAza, 2/68) artha:--AtmA kA apanA zuddhabhAva hI dharma hai| (kha) "nizcayena saMsAre patantamAtmAnaM dharatIti vizuddhajJAna-darzana-lakSaNanijazuddhAtma-bhAvanAtmako dharma:, vyavahAreNa tatsAdhanArthaM devendra-narendrAdi-vandyapade dharatItyuttamakSamAdi....dazaprakArako dhrmH|" -(dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 35 kI TIkA) ___ artha:- nizcaya se jo saMsAra meM girate hue AtmA AtmA ko vizuddha jJAnadarzanalakSaNavAlI nijazuddhAtmabhAvanA meM dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha 'dharma' hai| tathA vyavahAra se usakI prApti ke lie indra-cakravartI Adi se vandita uttamakSamA Adi dazaprakAroMvAlA dharma hai| (ga) "vastusvabhAvatvAddharma: zuddhacaitanya-prakAzanamityarthaH / " -(pravacanasAra, tattvapradIpikA, gA0 78) artha:- vastu kA svabhAva arthAt zuddha-caitanya kA prakAzana kI 'dharma' hai| 40 40 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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(gha) "cArittaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samo tti NiTThio / mohakkhoha-vihINo, pariNAmo appaNo hi smo||" -(pravacanasAra, gA0 7) artha:- cAritra, jise 'samabhAva' arthAt 'moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kA pariNAma' kahA gayA hai, vahI vAstava meM 'dharma' hai| 'bhAvapAhuDa' meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| (Ga) "mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhmmo|" -(bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 83) moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmAkA pariNAma hI 'dharma' hai| (ca) samadA taha majjhatthaM suddhobhAvo ya vIyarAyattaM / ___ taha cAritaM dhammo sahAvArAhaNA bhnniyaa|| -(vRhad nayacakra, 356) artha:- samatA, mAdhyastha, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra, svabhAva kI ArAdhanA tathA dharma -ye saba ekArthavAcI haiN| 2. phalataH dharma kI paribhASA (ka) "iSTasthAne dhatte iti dharma:' - (sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2) artha:- jo iSTasthAna meM dhAraNa karAtA (le jAtA) hai, vaha dharma haiN| (kha) "...samIcInaM dharma karmanivarhaNam / saMsAraduHkhata: sattvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe|| sadRSTinikRttAni dharmaM dharmezvarA viduH||" - (ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 2, 3) artha:- jo samIcIna, karmoM kA vinAzaka, saMsAra ke du:khoM se uThAkara prANiyoM ko uttamasukha meM le jAnevAlA hai-- vahI dharma hai| dharma ke adhipatiyoM ne (isa dRSTi se) samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko 'dharma' kahA hai| (ga) "dharmo nIcaiH padAduccaiH pade dharati dhArmikam / " - (paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArddha, 715) artha:- jo dharmAtmAoM ko nIca pada (saMsAra) se uccapada (mokSa) meM le jAye, vahI 'dharma' hai| (gha) dhameM suhu pAveNa duhu eu pasiddhau loi| tamhA dhammu samAyarahi jeM hiya-iMchiu hoi|| -(sAvayadhammadohA, 101) artha:- dharma se sukha hotA hai aura pApa se duHkha hotA hai-- yaha lokaprasiddha tathya hai| ata: jise apane kalyANa kI abhilASA hai, use dharma kA bhalIprakAra se AcaraNa karanA caahie| 3. prayogataH dharma kI paribhASA (ka) "ahiMsAdilakSaNo dhrm:|" - (rAjavArtika, 6/13) artha:-- 'dharma' ahiMsA Adi lakSaNoMvAlA hai| (kha) "jIvANaM rakkhaNo dhmmo|" - (kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478) artha:- jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hI dharma hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0041

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(ga) "dhammo dyaavisuddho|" - (bodhapAhuDa, 25) artha:-- 'dharma' dayA se vizuddha pariNAma hai| (cha) "ayaM jinopadiSTo dharmo'hiMsAlakSaNa: satyAdhiSThito vinayamUla: kSamAbalo brahmacaryagupta: upazamapradhAno niyatilakSaNo niSparigrahatAvalambana: / / " (sarvArthasiddhi, 977) artha:- jinendradeva ne jo ahiMsA lakSaNavAlA dharma kahA hai, satya usakA AdhAra hai, vinaya usakA mUla (jar3a) hai, kSamA usakA bala hai, brahmacarya usakI bAr3a hai, vaha upazamapradhAna hai, niyati-lakSaNa hai evaM aparigrahatA usakA Alambana hai| (Ga) "gRhasthAnAmAhAradAnAdikameva paramo dharmastenaiva samyaktvapUrveNa paramparayA mokSaM lbhte|" (paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, padya 2/111) ___ artha:- gRhasthoM ke lie AhAradAna Adi hI paramadharma hai| samyaktvapUrvaka kiye gaye isI dharma se unheM paramparA se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| (ca) Agama meM niSNAta evaM vairAgyamaya AcaraNa vAle sAdhu ko sAkSAt 'dharma' kahA gayA hai| -(pravacanasAra, 1/92) (cha) dhammo maMgalamukkiTheM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo|| devA vi tassa paNamaMti, jassa dhamme sayA mnno|| artha:- ahiMsA, saMyama evaM tapomaya dharma kA utkRSTa maMgalasvarUpa kahA gayA hai| aisA dharma jisake mana meM sadaiva rahatA hai, use devatA bhI praNAma karate haiN| dharma kI paripUrNa paribhASA dhammo vatthusahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNo dhmmo||"- (kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478) artha:- vastu ke svabhAva ko 'dharma' kahate haiM, uttama kSamAdi dazalakSaNavAlA 'dharma' hai, samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya 'dharma' hai tathA jIvoM kI rakSA karanA bhI 'dharma' hai| dharma ke bheda dharma ke sAmAnyata: manidharma' evaM 'zrAvakadharma' nAmoM se do bheda kahe gaye haiN| inheM hI 'anagAradharma' evaM 'sAgAradharma' bhI nAma diyA jAtA hai| ___ 'mUlArAdhanA' (gAo 557) meM zruta-dharma, astikAya-dharma evaM cAritra-dharma ke bheda se dharma ke tIna prakAra batalAye gaye haiN| yugapradhAna AcArya kundakunda ne 'bArasa-aNuvaikkhA' graMtha meM dharma kA svarUpa uttamakSamAdi dazalakSaNamaya pratipAdita kiyA hai "uttama-khama-maddavajjava-sacca-sauccaM ca saMjamaM ceva / tava-tAgakiMciNhaM bamhA iti dasavihaM hodi||" - (gAthA 70) vastuta: daza bhedoMvAlA dharma nahIM hai, apitu 'uttamakSamA Adi dazalakSaNoM se yukta jo 00 42 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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eka akhaNDa hai, vahI dharma hai' --aisA AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI jJAnArNava' (2/10) meM spaSTa kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra (918) meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karate hue kahA hai ki-"uttamakSamA-mArdavArjavazauca-satya-saMyama-tapastyAgAkiMcanya-brahmacaryANi dhrm:|" isameM uttamakSamA Adi ke anta meM 'brahmacaryANi' bahuvacanAnta prayoga kiyA hai, tathA 'dharma:' isa pada meM ekavacana prayoga kiyA hai| isase suspaSTa hai ki dharma ke lakSaNa uttamakSamA Adi lakSaNa dasa haiM, kintu inase lakSita dharma dasaprakAra kA nahIM hai, vaha to eka ina uttamakSamA, uttamamArdava Adi dazalakSaNoM meM pratyeka pada ke sAtha jur3A huA uttama' pada vizeSa abhiprAya se prayukta huA hai| isakA aucitya evaM sArthakatA batalAte hue AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi likhate haiN___"dRsstt-pryojn-privrjnaarthmuttmvishessnnm|" - (sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6) arthAt dRSTa (laukika) prayojanoM ke nivAraNa ke lie 'kSamA' Adi ke sAtha uttama' vizeSaNa jor3A gayA hai| isI bAta ko aura spaSTa karate hue cAritrasAra' meM kahA gayA hai| - "uttamagrahaNaM khyAti-pUjAdinivRttyartham" - (cA0sA0, 58) arthAt khyAti evaM pUjA Adi kI bhAvanAoM kI nivRtti ke lie kSamA Adi ke sAtha uttama' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi koI vyakti khyAti, lAbha, pUjA Adi kI cAha se kSamA Adi bhAvoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai; to usake ve kSamA Adi bhAva 'dharma' nahIM khlaayeNge| isa dasalakSaNamayI dharma ke bAre meM AcAryapravara kundakunda ne 'bArasa-aNuvekkhA' graMtha meM jo spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai, vaha saMkSepata: nimnAnusAra varNita hai| 1. uttamakSamA :- kohuppattissa puNo, bahiraMgaM jadi havedi sakkhAdaM / Na kuNadi kiMci vi kohaM, tassa khamA hodi dhammo tti|| artha:- krodha kI utpatti ke bahiraMga (apazabda, tiraskAra Adi) kitane hI kAraNa samakSa upasthita hoM, phira bhI jo kiMcit mAtra bhI krodha nahIM karatA hai, usake 'kSamAdharma' hotA hai| 2. uttama mArdava :-kula-rUva-jAdi-buddhisu, tava-suda-sIlesu gAravaM kiMci / jo Na vi kuvadi samaNo, maddavadhamma have tassa / / artha:- kula, rUpa, jAti, jJAna, tapa, zAstrAbhyAsa, sadAcAra Adi ke nimitta se yadi koI zramaNa kiMcit mAtra bhI abhimAna (ghamaNDa) nahIM karatA hai, use 'mArdavadharma' prakaTa hotA hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 43

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3. uttama Arjava :- motUNa kuDilabhAvaM, Nimmala-hidayeNa caradi jo smnno| ajjavadhammaM tadiyo, tassa du saMbhavadi NiyameNa / / artha:- jo kuTilatA (chala-kapaTa) ke bhAvoM ko chor3akara nirmala-hRdaya se AcaraNa karatA hai, usake lie niyama se tRtIya 'Arjava dharma' utpanna hotA hai| 4. uttama zauca :- kaMkhA-bhAvaNivittiM, kiccA puurggbhaavnnaa-jutto| jo vadadi paramamuNI tassa du dhammo have socN|| artha:- bhogoM kI AkAMkSA Adi vikArI (azuci) bhAvoM kI nivRtti karake jo parama muni vairAgyabhAvanA se yukta hotA hai, usake zaucadharma' hotA hai| 5. uttama satya :- parasaMtAvaya-kAraNavayaNaM mottUNa sa-para-hidavayaNaM / jo vadadi bhikkhu taiyo, tassa du dhammo have saccaM / / artha:- dUsaroM ko pIr3A (saMtApa) pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko chor3akara jo bhikSu sva-para-hitakArI vacanoM ko bolatA hai, usake 'satyadharma' hotA hai| 6. uttama saMyama :- vada-samidi-pAlaNAe, daMDaccAeNa iNdiyjenn| pariNamamANassa puNo, saMjamadhammo have nniymaa|| artha:- vrata aura samiti kA pAlana karane se, mana-vacana-kAyarUpI tInoM daMDoM kI caMcalatA kA tyAga karane sa indriyoM ko jItane se (jo vyakti AtmarUpa) pariNamita hotA hai, use niyama se 'saMyamadharma' hotA hai| 7. uttama tapa :- visaya-kasAya-viNiggahabhAvaM kAdUNa jhaannsijjhiie| jo bhAvadi appANaM, tassa tavaM hodi NiyameNa / / artha:- paMcendriya ke viSayoM evaM krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nigraha karake dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie jo AtmA kI bhAvanA karatA hai, use niyama se 'tapadharma' hotA hai| 8. uttama tyAga :- NivvegatiyaM bhAvadi, mohaM caidUNa svvdvvesu| jo tassa haveccAgo, idi bhaNidaM jinnvriNdehiN|| artha:- jo samasta parapadArthoM meM mohabhAva chor3akara nirvedabhAva (vairAgya) kI bhAvanA karatA hai, use tyAgadharma hotA hai --aisA tIrthaMkaroM ne kahA hai| 9. uttama AkiMcanya:- hodUNa ya NissaMgo, NiyabhAvaM Niggihittu suha-duhadaM / NiddadeNa du vaTTadi, aNayAro tassa kiMcaNhaM / / artha:- jo samasta saMga (aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigrahoM) se rahita hokara sAMsArika sukha evaM du:kha kA nigraha karake nirdvandva rUpa meM AtmasvabhAva meM vartatA (rahatA) hai, usake 'AkiMcanya dharma' hotA hai| 10. uttama brahmacarya:- savvaMga pecchaMto, itthINaM tAsu muyadi dubbhAvam / __ so bamhacerabhAvaM, sakkadi khalu duddharaM dhrdi|| artha:- jo striyoM ke samasta aMgoM ko dekhatA huA bhI unameM (viSaya-vAsanAjanya) 0044 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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durbhAvoM ko chor3a detA hai, vaha atyanta durdhara 'brahmacarya dharma' ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha eka sukhada saMyoga hai ki isa dasalakSaNamayI dharma ko anya darzanoM meM bhI lagabhaga isase milate-julate rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika darzana ke prasiddha dharmazAstrIya graMtha 'manusmRti' meM maharSi manu likhate haiM : __ "dhati: kSamA: damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam / / " - (manusmRti, 6/92) __ artha:- dhairya, kSamA, dama, acaurya, zauca, indriyanigraha, dhI: (jJAna), vidyA, satya evaM akrodha --yaha dazAMgI dharma kA lakSaNa hai| isIprakAra bauddha dharma' meM dasa pAramitAyeM mAnI gayI haiM, jinake pAlana se hI manuSya buddha' ho sakatA hai| ve haiM - dAna, zIla, naiSkarmya, prajJA, vIrya, zAnti, satya, adhiSThAna, maitrI aura upekssaa| 'bAibila' meM IsAI dharma' ke prANasvarUpa dasa Adeza diye gaye haiM1. Thou shalt not have strange Gods before me. 2. Thou shalt not tkae the name of the Lord they God in vain. 3. Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day. 4. Honour thy Father and they mother. 5. Thou shalt not kill. 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 7. Thou shalt not steal. 8. Thou shalt not bear false witness against they neighbour. 9. Thou shalt not covet they neighbour's house. 10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife. Azcarya yaha nahIM hai ki ina dharmalakSaNoM meM paraspara kucha nAmabheda haiN| Azcarya kI bAta to vastuta: yaha hai ki dharma ke daza aMga ina sabhI dharmoM meM mAne gaye haiM aura unameM asAdhAraNa samAnatA hai| -(tattvasamuccaya, pRSTha 181, hIrAlAla jaina) ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yaha dazalakSaNamayI dharma eka atyanta vyApaka AdhArabhUmi meM atiprAcInakAla se prasarita evaM pracalita rahA hai| ata: ise sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika dharma ke rUpa meM bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki isakI sArthakatA upadeza meM caritArtha na hokara anukaraNa meM pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai| ** viveka buddhi 'vIrya-mahimA-buddhistu mA gaanmm|' - ('mudrArAkSasa' 1/26 meM cANakya kA kathana) zaktiyukta aura mahimAmaya merI vivekabuddhi mujhase (cANakya se) alaga na hove| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 40 45

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zikSA va saMskRti ke utthAna kI mahAn prerikA: ciroMjAbAI -zrImatI bindu jaina pRSThabhUmi sabhI kalAoM va vidyAoM meM susampanna hamArA 'bhArata' deza jaba 19vIM zatAbdI meM dAsatA kI vedanA se Ahata va jarjara thA, taba madhyabhArata kA 'buMdelakhaNDa' kSetra ko bhI sAdhana-vihIna banAne meM aMgrejoM ne koI kasara nahIM chodd'ii| buMdelakhaNDa azikSA, ajJAna, aMdhavizvAsa ke aMdhakAra meM Acchanna thaa| aise viSama samaya meM kevala buMdelakhaNDa kSetra ko hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ko mA~ ciroMjAbAI ke rUpa meM eka abhUtapUrva varadAna milaa| eka mahilA ne zikSA ke kSetra meM vizeSa rUpa se saMskRta, prAkRta, vyAkaraNa va nyAya Adi ke kSetra meM jAgaraNa kA aisA maMtra phUMkA ki gA~va-gA~va meM, zahara-zahara meM pAThazAlAyeM, vidyAlaya, mahAvidyAlaya va udAsIna Azrama khula gye| jana-jana par3hane kA evaM vijJa-jana par3hAne kA saMkalpa lekara vidyAlayoM meM dAkhila ho gye| unake maMgalamayI hAthoM kA aisA prabhAva thA ki adhikAMza zikSaNa-saMsthAyeM Aja bhI sucArurUpa se calatI haiM; kucha ko sarakArI anudAna prApta hai va kucha sAmAjika logoM ke pratidAna se calatI haiN| jinameM zikSita eka karor3a se adhika vidvAn va viduSI mahilAyeM jJAna ke prakAza meM mA~ bhAratI ko prakAzita kara cuke haiN| aura yaha krama aba bhI anavaratarUpa se cAlU hai| saMkSipta jIvana paricaya ciroMjAbAI' ko sabhI jana bAIjI' kahakara pukArate the| ciroMjAbAI' kA janma 'zikohAbAda' ke eka dhArmika parivAra meM huaa| unake pitA maujIlAla' ne 18 varSa kI Ayu meM simarA' grAma (jilA TIkamagar3ha, ma0pra0) ke 'bhaiyAlAla' jI siMghaI se inakA vivAha kara diyaa| vivAha ke kucha samaya uparAnta tIrthayAtrA ke samaya 'pAvAgar3ha' nAmaka tIrthasthAna para unake pati kA svargavAsa ho gayA aura vivAha ke kucha samaya uparAnta hI Apa vidhavA ho giiN| vaidhavya kI vedanA se itanA AMdolita huI ki kuyeM para AtmahatyA ke irAde se gaIM; kintu vahA~ para unakA viveka jAgRta huA ki jinakA saMyoga hotA hai, 0046 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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unakA viyoga avazya hotA hai, yahI sRSTi kA niyama hai-- aisA vicArakara vApasa lauTa AIM aura AtmahatyA karane ke ghRNita vicAra kA pazcAttApa karane ke lie jIvanaparyanta eka bAra bhojana karane evaM do bAra pAnI pIne kA niyama liyA / sampUrNa jIvana zikSA va jJAna ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie samarpita kara apanI tIrthayAtrA pUrNa karane ke lie cala pdd'iiN| gRhanagara vApasa Akara sarvaprathama karjadAra kRSaka samudAya ke karja mApha kara diye / jJAnIjanoM kA samAgama karane ke krama meM unheM bIsa varSIya saMkocI va jJAna-pipAsu, udAra va dRr3ha prakRti kA yuvaka milA, jo unake ghara bhojana - hetu AyA thaa| usa yuvaka kA nAma 'gaNeza prasAda' thA / gaNeza prasAda jI ko dekhakara unakA mAtRhRdaya umar3a par3A, vakSasthala se dugdhadhArA baha nikalI aura unheM vaha janma-janmAntara kA putra pratibhAsita huaa| gaNeza prasAda ko putra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara 'kSullaka gaNezaprasAda varNI' ke rUpa meM samAja ko samarpita kiyaa| mA~ ciroMjAbAI ne apane isa dharmaputra ke mAdhyama se vaha Aja bhI apanI sahasroM zikhAoM se digdiganta ko prakAzita kara rakhA hai| mA~ ciroMjAbAI kevala 10,000/ - kI rakama sAtha lekara apanA saba kucha dAna dekara 'baruAsAgara' meM Akara rahane lagIM / kucha samaya bAda sAgara (ma0pra0) meM 75 varSa kI Ayu meM 'ciroMjAbAI' ve vItarAgI prabhu kI ArAdhanApUrvaka samatAbhAva se saMsAra se vidA lii| zikSA va saMskRti ke utthAna meM ciroMjAbAI kI bhUmikA 'bAI jI' ke dharmaputra gaNeza prasAda saMskRta, prAkRta, nyAya Adi vidyAoM ke paMDita bananA cAhate the| unake bhItara jJAna prApti kI tIvra pyAsa thI; kintu jJAna - prApti ke sAdhanoM kA utanA hI abhAva thaa| eka bAra 'banArasa' ke eka vidvAn ne unakA bahuta apamAna kiyA, sAmpradAyikatA kI saMkIrNa - bhAvanA ke kAraNa par3hAne se inakAra kara diyA / varNIjI ko dharma, darzana va saMskRti kA yatheccha adhyayana karAne kA mA~ kA sapanA pUrNa hotA naz2ara nahIM aayaa| banArasa jaisI saMskRta ke vidvAnoM se paripUrNa nagarI meM saMskRta par3hane ke lie kiyA gayA, unake putra kA apamAna samasta bhArata ke lie varadAna bana gayA / 'bAIjI' va anya vidvAnoM ne varNIjI ko mahAvidyAlaya kholane kI preraNA dii| eka rupayA dAna ke rUpa meM prApta huA aura cauMsaTha posTakArDa kharIdakara ( usa samaya eka rupaye ke cauMsaTha paise hote the, eka posTakArDa eka paise kA AtA thA) mahAvidyAlaya kholane kI icchA se samAja ke viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko avagata kraayaa| sabhI ne isa prayatna kI sarAhanA karate hue sahAyatA kA vacana diyA / vizuddha pariNAmoM se prayatna saphala huA-- " avazyaMbhAvino bhAvA bhavanti mahatAmapi / nagnatvaM nIlakaNThasya mahAhizayanaM hareH / / " (1) syAdvAda saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya kAzI' kI sthApanA eka rupayA bIja ke rUpa meM prApta kara jyeSTha sudI paMcamI ko isa vidyAlaya kI sthApanA huI, varNI dIpacanda jI prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara '2000 00 47

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vidyAlaya ke adhiSThAtA bne| jo sevA zrI saiyyada ahamada ke alIgar3ha vizvavidyAlaya ne musalamAnoM kI, pUjya mAlavIya jI ke kAzI vizvavidyAlaya ne vaidikoM kI tathA pUjya gAMdhI jI ke vidyApIThoM ne sampUrNa bhArata kI kI hai, vahI sevA 'zrI syAdvAda saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, ne jainasamAja kI kI hai| isa akelI saMsthA ne mA~ ciroMjAbAI kI preraNA ko aura unake putravarNI jI ko amara kara diyaa| (2) kAzI hindI vizvavidyAlaya meM jainadarzana va nyAya kA adhyayana :- bhAratIya navaratna mahAmanA mAlavIya jI ke kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya' meM zrI gaNezaprasAda jI varNI ke vidyAguru ambAdAsa jI zAstrI saMskRta vibhAga ke prAcArya bne| mA~ ciroMjAbAI se mArgadarzana prApta kara varNI jI ne guru ambAdAsa jI zAstrI evaM tatkAlIna pradhAnamaMtrI paM0 javAharalAla neharU ke pitA zrI motIlAla neharU jI kI sahAyatA se hindI vizvavidyAlaya meM jainadarzana va nyAya kA adhyayana prArambha huaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI paricAyaka saMskRta bhASA ke prasAra kA eka bahuta bar3A mArga prazasta huaa| (3) budelakhaNDa ke kendra-sthAna sAgara meM satarka sudhA taraMgiNI jaina pAThazAlA kI sthApanA vIra nirvANa saMvat 2435 akSaya tRtIyA ke dina huI, jisake adhiSThAtA zrI mUlacandra jI bne| prAraMbha kI aneka kaThinAIyoM ke bAda yaha pAThazAlA sAgara meM 'morAjI' nAmaka sthAna para 'zrI varNI digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, morAjI' ke nAma se vizAla bhavana meM sucAru rUpa se cala rahI hai| buMdelakhaNDa kSetra kA sabase adhika utthAna isI mahAvidyAlaya ke dvArA huA hai| isakI sevA cirasmaraNIya hai| mA~ ciroMjAbAI kahatI thI- "morAjI ke vizAla prAMgaNa meM Aja jaba aneka chAtra-chAtrAoM ko khelate-kUdate dekhatI hU~, to hRdaya harSAtireka se bhara jAtA hai|" (4) kaTanI meM pAThazAlA kI sthApanA huI, jisake adhiSThAtA paM0 jaganmohana lAla jI bne| (5) khuraI meM varNI gurukula' nAmaka mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA huI, isake bhI adhiSThAtA paM0 jaganmohana lAla jI bne| ___(6) jabalapura meM varNI gurukula' nAmaka mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA huI, isake adhiSThAtA paM0 jaganmohana lAla jI bne| (7) bInA (ma0pra0) meM zrI nAbhinandana digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA huii| (8) droNagiri (ma0pra0) tIrthakSetra para 'zrI gurudatta digambara jaina pAThazAlA' khulii| (9) papaurA (ma0pra0) tIrthakSetra para zrI vIra vidyAlaya' bnaa| (10) paThA grAma (ma0pra0) zrI zAMtinAtha vidyAlaya tathA sADhUmala, mAlathauna, maDAvarA Adi sthAnoM meM vidyAlayoM kI sthApanA huii| . 00 48 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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( 11 ) zAhapura ( ma0pra0) meM vidyAlaya kI sthApanA, baruAsAgara ( ma0pra0) meM vidyAlaya prArambha huA / (12) khataulI ( u0pra0) meM 'kundakunda vidyAlaya' kI sthApanA san 1935 meM kI gaI, jo aba kaoNleja ke rUpa meM pariNata hai / (13) lalitapura ( u0pra0) meM 'varNI iMTara kaoNleja' evaM 'varNI mahilA iMTara kaoNleja kI sthApanA kI, ye Aja varNI jaina mahAvidyAlaya ke rUpa meM gatizIla haiM / ina sabhI sthAnoM para chAtrAvAsa evaM sarasvatI bhavana ( pustakAlaya) kI sthApanA kI / saMsAra se virakta aura sacce sukha kI prApti meM saMlagna samAja ke AdhyAtmika varga kA bhI unhoMne vizeSa dhyAna rakhA / unake lie aneka sthAnoM para udAsIna AzramoM kI sthApanA krvaaii| jinameM iMdaura, kuNDalapura, IsarI (bihAra) Adi ke 'udAsIna Azrama' Aja bhI samAja ke AdhyAtmika varga ke lie Azraya sthala haiN| isaprakAra jJAnI, tyAgI mArga kA pravartana ApakI preraNA se varNIjI va dAtAguru bAbA gokulacanda jI ne kiyA / ina zikSA-saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA ke lie mA~ ciroMjAbAI ne dharmaputra gaNezaprasAda jI varNI, bAbA bhAgIratha jI varNI evaM dIpacanda jI varNI Adi aneka vidvAnoM ke sAtha dIrgha tapasyA kI, gA~va-gA~va meM Arthika sahayoga ke lie ve svayaM bhI varNIjI ke sAtha giiN| pAThazAlA ke tIrtha kA aise zubhamuhUrta meM pravartana huA ki jahA~ se bhI ve nikalI; pAThazAlAyeM, mahAvidyAlaya udAsIna Azrama, dharmazAlAyeM khulate gae, artha kI koI kamI nahIM rhii| unake puNya kA unakI vANI kA aisA sAtizaya prabhAva thA jo cAhA evaM jo kahA, vahI huA / yaha zikSA Andolana puruSa varga aura mahilAvarga donoM ke lie samAnarUpa se calA / unhoMne strI-zikSA ko rASTrIya - vikAsa kA mukhya AdhAra mAnA / rAjyasattA bhI jahA~ hAra mAnakara parAsta ho gaI, vahA~ yaha kArya (mA~ ciroMjAbAI) eka sadAcAriNI gRhastha strI ne sahaja hI kara diyA / sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki sabhI zikSaNa saMsthAyeM sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA kI bhAvanA se bahuta Upara uThakara sthApita huiiN| dharma, jAti, garIbI, amIrI ke bheda ke binA sabhI vargoM ko samAnarUpa se adhyayana kA avasara milA / bAI jI ke zabdoM meM "sAmpradAyikatA ne 'bhArata' ko bhArata (yuddhakSetra) banA diyA hai|" yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne unakI zikSaNa-saMsthAoM ne vyaktimAtra kI nirAzA, hatAzA evaM bauddhika avasAda dUra karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI / ko prAraMbha meM sabhI zikSaNa-saMsthAyeM sAmAjika anudAna se calIM / aba adhikAMza ko sarakArI anudAna prApta hai| kucha Aja bhI samAja ke yogya va prAmANika vyaktiyoM dvArA prApta anudAna meM calatI hai| ina saMsthAoM ne prAraMbhika va mAdhyamika zikSA dene meM vahI ruci dikhlaaii| ye prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara '2000 49

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mahAvidyAlaya vidyArthiyoM aura vidvAnoM ke lie kalpavRkSa' (icchita vastu pradAna karanevAlA vRkSa) haiM, jinase pIr3ita duHkhI niSkAsita chAtroM tathA vidvAnoM kA hita huA hai| yadi bAI jI rAjA bhoja kI taraha kisI rAjya kI svAminI hotI ho, unakI preraNA va prayatna se sthApita kucha vidyAlaya arthAbhAva ke kAraNa banda nahIM hote| tIrthodvAra ___ bAI jI kI preraNA va sahayoga se varNIjI ne pichar3e grAmINa kSetroM va tIrtha sthAnoM meM vidyAlayoM va gurukuloM kI sthApanA kI, jisase tIrthasthAnoM para mandira, chAtrAvAsa va pustakAlayoM va dharmazAlAoM kA nirmANakArya huaa| tIrthasthAna AsAvIya suvidhA sampanna banAye gaye, jisase bhAratIya sAMskRtika dharohara tIrtha va purAtAttvika mahattva ke sthaloM kI rakSA kA mahAn va aitihAsika kArya bhI unake dvArA sampanna kiyA gyaa| ___ bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha karmaThatA kA pATha par3hAnevAlI ina jJAnapradAyinI saMsthAoM ne buMdelakhaNDa hI kyA ajJAna aMdhakArAcchanna samasta bhAratavarSa ko jJAnarUpI sUrya ke prakAza se Alokita kiyaa| udAratA, dayA kI pratimurti bAI jI varNIjI ne kahA- "bAI jI ke sAtha meM rahakara maiMne udAratA kA guNa grahaNa kara liyA, kintu usakI rakSA bAIjI kI preraNA se huI - (merI jIvanagAthA pRSTha 387) / " bAI jI kI jJAna ke prati jAgarukatA hI nahIM, balki unakA vyaktitva bhI garimAmaya, guNarUpI ratnoM kA sAgara thaa| bAI jI kI prakRti saumya va udAra thii| unhoMne apanA sampUrNa jIvana va dhana jJAna ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie vidyAlayoM ko samarpita kara diyaa| bAI jI ke pariNAma bahuta komala the, paraduHkha-kAtaratA ke kAraNa unake sAnnidhya meM billI jaisA hiMsaka prANI bhI ahiMsaka ho gyaa| dUdha-roTI unake sAtha nitya prati khAne lgii| bAI jI se prabhAvita hokara eka 10 varSIya achUta mAMsAhArI bAlikA ne apane sampUrNa parivAra ko zAkAhArI banA diyaa| apane pitA ko machalI nahIM becane kI pratijJA dilavAkara ahiMsaka banA diyaa| unake jIvana kI eka preraNAdAyI ghaTanA kA yahA~ ullekha karatI hU~--eka bAra varNI jI ne lakar3I kATane vAle majadUra ko 2 Ane kama diye| jaba bAI jI ne yaha bAta jAnI turanta varNI jI ko eka sera miThAI va 2 Ane paise dekara bhejaa| 2 mIla paidala calane ke uparAnta vaha majadUra milA, bAI jI dvArA diye paise va sAmagrI pAkara vaha prasannatA se uchala pdd'aa|' ye choTI-choTI ghaTanAyeM unake dayAmayI udAra hRdaya kI vizAlatA kA paricaya detI hai| samatA, dhairya va dRr3hatA kI pratimUrti bAI jI ___ bAI jI ke jIvana kI pratyeka ghaTanA hRdayasparzI va anukaraNIya haiN| bAI jI ke 00 50 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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jIvana kI preraNAdAyI ghaTanA kA yahA~ ullekha karatI hU~- 'bAI jI ko tIrthavaMdanA ke samaya unake ghara corI hone kA samAcAra milaa| parivAra ke sabhI vyakti duHkhI hokara rudana karane lge| bAI jI samatA va zAMti kA paricaya dete hue bolIM- "sukRta se kamAyA gayA dhana AsAnI se nahIM jaataa| jo dhana calA gayA, vaha vApasa milanevAlA nahIM hai| dhana parapadArtha hai| mRtyu ke samaya sAtha jAne vAlA nahIM hai| hama yAtrA pUrI karake hI vApasa jaayeNge|" jaba ve apane ghara vApasa pahu~cI, to pAyA ki unakA eka bhI paisA corI nahIM gayA thaa|' samatA va dhairya kI aisI jIvanta pratIka thIM ciroNjaabaaii| bAI jI ke bhAvoM meM behada dRr3hatA thI jo ThAna letI thI, avazya karatI thii| zirazUla kI vedanA, motiyAbiMda ke kAraNa aMdhApana yA baila ke mArane para hAtha kA phaTa jAnA koI bhI zArIrika vedanA unheM vicalita kara unakI prasannatA va saumyatA kA haraNa nahIM kara skii| lobhI DaoN0 se motiyAbinda kA oNparezana karAne ke lie kisI kImata para taiyAra nahIM huIM, jIvana bhara aMdhA rahanA adhika zreyaskara smjhaa| eka bAra bagIce meM ghUmate samaya unheM eka aMgreja sahRdaya DaoN0 milaa| vaha bAI jI kI saralatA se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| usane bAI jI ko dharmamAtA mAnakara unakI A~kha kA oNparezana kiyA evaM pratyeka ravivAra ko pUre parivAra ke sAtha mAMsAhAra va zarAba kA tyAga kara diyaa| bAI jI ne use putravat sneha dekara pIyUSapANi' (jisake hAtha kA sparza amRta kA kArya kare) kA AzIrvAda diyA, aura kahA "tumhAre dvArA aneka logoM kI vedanA dUra ho|" samatA va dRr3hatA kI pratimUrti bAI sadaiva sabhI ke kalyANa kI maMgalakAmanA karatI rhiiN| bhAratIya adhyAtma aura bAI jI ___ bAI jI kA sampUrNa jIvana dharma kI ArAdhanA, adhyayana-manana-ciMtana meM hI vyatIta kiyaa| ve mAnatI thIM ki saMkaTa va du:kha ke samaya duHkhI nahIM honA cAhie; kyoMki sampUrNa prANiyoM ke jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha jo bhI hotA hai, vaha pUrvopArjitaka acche va bure karmoM kA phala hai| para vastu ko isa sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnanA ajJAna hai, isalie uccanaitika jIvana-mUlyoM ke pAlana meM sadkAryoM meM jIvana vyatIta karanA zreyaskara hai| ve mAnatI thIM "sarva sadaiva niyataM bhavati svakIyakarmodayAnmaraNa-jIvita-duHkha-saukhyam / / ajJAnametadiha yattu paraH parasya / kuryAtpumAnmaraNa-jIvita-duHkha-saukhyam / / " bAI jI ke isa adhyAtmadarzana ne AtmazAnti kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| bAI jI ne bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana-mUlyoM ko apane jIvana meM utArakara janasAmAnya ke sAmane Adarza upasthita kiyA aura utthAna kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0051

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bAI jI apane putra varNI jI va sabhI logoM ko yahI zikSA detI rahI, aviveka kA kArya aMta meM sukhAvaha nahIM hotaa| jisa kArya ko karane se vyAkulatA ho, vaha kArya nahIM karanA caahie| paThana aura pAThana se yadi hama hitAhita nahIM pahicAna sake, to usa par3hane kA koI lAbha nahIM hai| ____ asalI bhArata (grAmINa kSetra) meM jJAna kI jyoti jagAne kA jo zreya unheM hai, vaha kisI vizvavidyAlaya ke saMsthApakoM ko nahIM mila sakatA; kyoMki mA~ ciroMjAbAI kA apane putra varNI jI ke sAtha milakara kiyA gayA puruSArtha nadI, nAloM aura kUpa ke samAna gA~va-gA~va ko jIvana de rahA hai| unakA yaha kArya jalatI mazAla hai, jisase eka karor3a se adhika lar3ake-lar3akiyoM ko jJAna kA Aloka milA va yogya vidvAn banakara bhArata ke kaune-kaune meM dharmadarzana, nyAya va saMskRti Adi kA jJAna bA~Ta rahe haiN| yadi yaha saba anuprANita ho sakA - to saba usa grAmINa, alpazikSita vidhavA mahilA ke unake dharmaputra varNI jI ke prayAsa kA hI phala hai| vidhi kA vidhAna aura bhAgya kI rekhA "aghaTita-ghaTitaM ghaTayati, saghaTitaM ca jrjriikrte| vidhi daiva tAni ghaTayati, yAni naro naiva cintayati / / " -(95) artha:- vidhi sughaTita ghaTanAoM ko vighaTita karatA hai aura aghaTita ghaTanAoM kA. nirmANa karatA hai| bhAgya ke kAraNa aisI bhI ghaTanAyeM pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotI haiM, jinakI manuSya ne kabhI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI hotI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa bhagavAn rAma ke jIvana ko hI le sakate haiN| prAta:kAla jinake rAjyAbhiSeka kI pUrI taiyArI thI, kisI ne socA bhI nahIM thA ki unakI usa dina kI zAma ghanaghora jaMgala meM vanavAsiyoM kI taraha biitegii| kisI kavi ne kahA bhI hai "prAta: bhavAmi vasudhAdapi cakravartIH / so'haM brajAmi vipine jttil-tpsvii||" arthAt maiM prAta:kAla isa dharatI kA svAmI hone vAlA thA arthAt merA rAjyAbhiSeka hone jA rahA thA aura maiM isa bhayaMkara jaMgala meM kaThora tapasvI hone jA rahA huuN| ata: vidhi kA vidhAna alaga calatA hai aura manuSya apane bhaviSya kI kalpanA ke tAne-bAne alaga hI bunatA rahatA hai| apanI udher3abuna meM vaha apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA banakara prayatnazIla rahatA hai tathA bhAgyarekhA apane alaga hI khela dikhAkara saba kucha ulaTa-pulaTa kara detI hai| 00 52 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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ahiMsA hI vizva meM zAMti kA upAya jaina -zrImatI indu bhagavAn mahAvIra 26 sauvAM janmakalyANaka mahotsava mahAsamiti kI rASTrIya kAryAdhyakSa tathA 'TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA samAcAra patra prakAzana samUha' kI ceyaramaina zrImatI indu jaina dvArA nyUyArka, amerikA meM saMyukta rASTrasaMgha dvArA Ayojita dharma evaM adhyAtma-guruoM ke 'sahasrAbdI vizvazAMti sammelana' meM diyA gayA bhASaNa / -sampAdaka bhagavAn mahAvIra gahana dhyAna kI mudrA meM tallIna the, unakI AMkheM baMda thiiN| cAroM ora eka adbhuta zAMti aura pavitratA kA vAtAvaraNa vyApta thA / eka nanhIM-sI cir3iyA ur3atI huI vahA~ AI aura phudakatI huI bhagavAn ke pAsa jA baitthii| jaba bhagavAn ne A~kheM kholIM, to usa spandana se nanhIM cir3iyA Dara gayI aura ur3a gii| mahAvIra ne socA ki manuSya kI A~kheM kholane kI kriyA meM bhI hiMsA chupI hai / 'ahiMsA' kA artha kevala yaha nahIM hai ki hiMsA na ho; balki bhaya kI bhAvanA kA bhI samApta ho jAnA aura sampUrNa mAnavatA ko prema meM Abaddha kara lenA hai / 'ahiMsA' kA artha hai-- jAti, raMga, varNa, dharma, liMga, birAdarI, samudAya yahA~ taka ki prANI jagat kI vibhinna jAtiyoM kI bheda- sImAoM ko pAra kara dUsaroM taka pahu~canA / yaha cetanA kI eka svataMtra avasthA hai / hamArI zArIrika, bhAvanAtmaka aura bauddhika avasthAyeM hameM sImA meM bAMdha detI haiM, hamAre rAste avaruddha kara detI haiM, hameM choTA banA detI haiM / yahI hamAre duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai| ina baMdhanoM aura sImAoM kI anupasthiti hI 'ahiMsA' hai / 1 ahiMsA ke lie vizva-abhiyAna cher3ane kI dizA meM pahalA caraNa ajJAna ko haTAnA hai | sacce jJAna meM Atma-bodha aura Atma-niyaMtraNa nihita hai / ahiMsA isa jJAna kI carama avasthA hai; kyoMki yaha dUsaroM se apane saMbaMdhoM kA tAdAtmya karanA sikhAtI hai| mokSa aura nirvANa kI taraha ahiMsA bhI paraspara virodhI sImAhIna laukika nATakoM, sukha-du:kha, AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa, prema-ghRNA, lAbha-hAni, saphalatA-asaphalatA, amIrI-garIbI, bhaya - sAhasa, jaya-parAjaya, mAna-apamAna, sama-viSama, guNa-doSa, acchA-burA, AjAdI aura baMdhana se mukta hai| saMkSepa meM ahiMsA atIta se, itihAsa se, smRti se mukti hai| yaha una saba cIjoM se prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000 00 53

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mukti hai, jo bAdhita karatI haiM, rokatI haiM, avaruddha karatI haiM aura jinase svataMtratA kA hanana hotA hai| isIlie vaha koI bhI cIja yA avasthA, jisa para usake viparIta kA prabhAva yA asara par3a sakatA hai; mukta nahIM hai, vaha svataMtra nahIM hai| aura jo svataMtra nahIM hai, jo mukta nahIM hai, jo nirapekSa nahIM hai; vaha ahiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| maiM dUsaroM kI pIr3A ke prati taba taka saMvedanazIla nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka maiM ina paraspara virodhI mAnavIya kriyAoM aura bhAvanAoM kI baMdinI huuN| maiM dUsare logoM aura unakI takalIphoM ke prati saMvedanazIla kaise ho sakatI hU~? jainadarzana kA 'anekAntavAda' isakA uttara detA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki satya ko nirapekSa DhaMga se batAne yA vyakta karanevAlA koI siddhAMta yA sUtra pUrNa nahIM hai| nirvANa samyagdarzana meM nihita hai, samyagjJAna meM nihita hai, samyakcAritra meM nihita hai| arthAt ApakA vizvAsa vaisA ho, ApakA karma vaisA ho| sarala rUpa meM isakI vyAkhyA yaha ho sakatI hai ki mere karane kA tarIkA koI aMtima tarIkA nahIM hai| merA kahA huA pakSa hI koI ekamAtra pakSa nahIM hai| aura merA satya hI aMtima satya nahIM hai| kaI rAste haiM, kaI pakSa haiM aura satya taka pahu~cane ke anekAneka mArga haiN| apanI AsthA aura apanI dRSTi kI sImAoM meM sabhI sahI hai| lekina yaha paramazAMti aura vizvajanIna prema kI avasthA kaise prApta kI jAye? icchAyeM aura unakI tuSTi, dUsaroM ke sAtha mere saMbaMdhoM kA AdhAra nahIM bana sktii| jahA~ taka svayaM kA prazna hai, hamArI icchAyeM sirpha hameM becaina banAtI haiN| unheM pAne ke lie aura jo pAyA hai, use bacAe rakhane ke lie hama ciMtita bane rahate haiN| aMtata: hama eka aise bindu para pahu~ca jAte haiM, jahA~ usakA sukha bhI nahIM le pAte, jisakI pahale kAmanA kI thI aura jise usa kAmanA aura prayatna ke bAda pAyA thaa| jahA~ taka dUsaroM se saMbaMdha ke saMdarbha meM ina icchAoM aura unakI tuSTi kI bhUmikA hai, una saMbaMdhoM aura mitra parijanoM ko hama apanI icchAoM kI tuSTi kA mAdhyama banAne lagate haiN| unheM hama apanI lAlasAoM kI pUrti ke lie, eka vastu yA upakaraNa banA dete haiN| hama unake nirvAha kI koziza isalie karate haiM, tAki apane svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie jaba AvazyakatA ho, maiM unakA istemAla kara skuuN| isIlie jainadharma meM aparigraha kA itanA jyAdA mahattva hai| yAni kucha bhI dhAraNa nahIM karanA, kucha bhI saMcaya nahIM karanA, kucha bhI nahIM rakhanA; lekina yaha aparigraha ekamAtra lakSya nahIM hai| isakA prApya hai icchAoM kA vigraha, kSudra-bhAvoM para niyNtrnn| pazcima meM ahiMsA kI bAta karanA Ajakala eka phaizana ho gayA hai, ve use eka zaktihIna hathiyAra mAnate haiM; ahiMsA kI yaha galata avadhAraNA hai| ahiMsA eka jIvanazailI hai, yaha eka Adarza samAja ke ciMtana kI abhivyakti hai| jo ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, vaha hiMsA kA pratirodha karate samaya bhI usa hiMsA se aprabhAvita rahatA hai| yaha ahiMsA bAra-bAra hone vAlI hiMsA ko sokha letI hai| yaha niraMtara vistRta hone vAlI, 00 54 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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sabako prema meM lapeTa lenevAlI, pratyeka sajIva yA nirjIva, vastu yA prANI ke prati apane lagAva kA anavarata vistAra hai| krodha, vaimanasya yA pratizodha ke bhAva isa ahiMsA kA hissA nahIM ho skte| prema aura anurAga kI yaha bhASA Aja ke yuvAoM se behatara kauna samajhegA? agara ahiMsA ko vizva abhiyAna bananA hai, to isa abhiyAna kA netRtva yuvAoM ko thAmanA hogaa| paryAvaraNa kI rakSA ke lie, zAMti ke utthAna ke lie unhoMne dharma, sAmpradAyikatA aura rASTrIyatA kI kSudra sImAoM se bAhara nikalakara kAma kiyA hai, kAma karane kI apanI bhAvanA kA paricaya diyA hai| Aja kA pratyeka yuvaka eka vizva-nAgarika hai| puruSa ho yA strI, vaha prema kI usa zAzvata bhASA ko samajhatA hai| prema, jo kevala ahiMsA se hI sAdhya hai| maiM vizva ke yuvAoM ko namaskAra karatI hU~, maiM ahiMsA ko namana karatI hU~, maiM usa zAzvata, vizvajanIna, naisargika prema meM vizvAsa karatI hU~ aura usake niraMtara vistAra ke lie svayaM ko samarpita karatI huuN| anumodanA kA suphala rAjA zreyAMsa ne pUrva-bhava meM munirAja ko AhAradAna diyA thaa| usa AhAradAna kI vidhi ko atyanta bhakti evaM AdarabhAvapUrvaka nevalA, siMha, zUkara evaM bandara - ina cAra prANiyoM ne dekhA aura anumodanA kI thii| usI puNya ke pratApa se ye cAroM prANI agale bhava meM cakravartI bharata, bAhubali, vRSabhasena Adi ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| satpAtradAna evaM usakI anumodanA kI mahimA batAte hue AcArya vIrasena svAmI likhate haiM"na ca,pAtradAnena'numodina: samyagdRSTayo bhvnti|" -(dhavalA, satprarUpaNA 1/1/85) artha:- (yadyapi vaha tiryaMca hai), phira bhI pAtradAna kI anumodanA to kara hI sakatA hai, isase rahita vaha nahIM hotA hai| isalie aisI anumodanA karanevAle tiryaMca bhI samyagdRSTi hote haiN| uparyukta ghaTanAkrama ko kavi nayanAnanda jI ne nimnAnusAra chaMdobaddha kiyA hai "navala sUkara siMha marakaTa kara bhajana shrddhaan| - bhaye vRSabhasena Adi jagataguru pahu~ca gaye nirvANa / / " isI tathya kI puSTi nimnalikhita vAkya se bhI hotI hai.. "dAnaM pAramparyeNa mokSakaraNaM, saakssaatpunnyhetuH|" -(cAritrasAra, pRSTha 28) artha:- dAna paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa hai evaM tatkAla puNya ko bar3hAne vAlA sAdhana hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 55

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prAkRtabhASA kA svarUpaevaM bheda-prabhedoM kA paricaya -zrImatI raMjanA jaina prAkRtabhASA kA saMbaMdha bAraha bhASA-parivAroM meM se 'bhAropIya parivAra' se hai| isa parivAra ke bhI ATha upabhASA parivAra hai| unameM se prAkRta kA saMbaMdha pA~caveM upaparivAra 'bhArata IrAnI' athavA 'AryabhASA upaparivAra' se hai| isakI bhI tIna zAkhAyeM hai-- IrAnI, darada evaM bhAratIya Arya zAkhA privaar| inameM se prAkRta kA saMbaMdha 'bhAratIya Arya zAkhA parivAra' se hai| ata: bhAratIya AryabhASA kA hI ekarUpa hI prAkRtabhASA hai| 'prAkRta' zabda kI vyutpatti vastuta: 'prAkRta' zabda kI utpatti prakRti se huI hai| prakRti arthAt svbhaav| aura 'prakRtyA bhavaM prAkRtam' arthAt jo svAbhAvika rUpa se udbhUta huI hai, vahI prAkRta hai| isake anusAra svabhAvata: jo bolA jAye, so prAkRta hai| isa vyutpatti ke anusAra vizva ke pratyeka manuSya ke svAbhAvika vAgvyavahAra ko hama 'prAkRta' kaha sakate haiN| isakI katipaya vyutpattiyA~ isaprakAra haiM1. "prakriyate yayA sA prakRti:, tatra bhavaM praakRtm|" 2. "prAkpUrvakRtaM prAkkRtaM - bAla-mahilAdi-subodhaM sakala-bhASA-nibandhabhUtaM vacanaM praakRtmucyte|" (namisAdhu) 3. "prakRtInAM sAdhAraNajanAnAmidaM praakRtm|" 4. prakRtireva-prAkRtaM shbdbrhm|" / 5. "prakRtyA svabhAvena siddhaM praakRtm|" 6. "prAkRteti-sakala jagajjantUna.....sahajo vacanavyApAra: prakRti:, tatra bhavaM saiva vA praakRtm|" prAkRtabhASA kA suvyavasthita svarUpa evaM bahuAyAmI mahattva samasta prAcIna AcAryoM manISiyoM evaM mahApuruSoM ne nirvivAdarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| kyoMki vizva ke prAcInatama sAhitya 'Rgveda' kI bhASA meM bhI prAkRta kI pravRttiyA~ bahulatA se pAI jAtI haiN| prAkRta ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate huye vedoM kI bhASA ko saMskRta evaM prAkRta se samanvita mAnA gayA hai-- "saMskRta-prAkRtAbhyAM yad bhASAbhyAmanvitaM shubhm|" - (RgvedAdibhASya-bhUmikAMDa) 00 56 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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bharatamuni ne bhI kahA hai "vijJeyaM prAkRtaM pAThyaM nAnAvasthAntarAtmakam / " - (nATyazAstra, 18/2) mahAjJAnI Adya zaMkarAcArya ne bhI prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM bhASAoM ko samasta zAstroM kI ziromaNi batAyA hai-- "vAca: prAkRta-saMskRtA: shrutishiro|" -(dhvanyASTaka, 8) prAkRtabhASA ke bheda vidvAnoM evaM bhASAvidoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki mUla meM prAkRtabhASA kA DhA~cA eka hI thaa| bAda meM kSetrIya uccAraNa-bhedoM evaM zabda-sampadA ke kAraNa usameM bheda Ate gye| yadyapi uttaravartI kAla meM prAkRta meM anekoM bheda-prabhedoM ne janma liyA, kintu mUla meM isake tIna hI rUpa vidvAnoM ne mAne haiM 1.zaurasenI, 2. mAgadhI, 3. paishaacii| inameM bhI mukhya DhA~cA 'zaurasenI' kA hI thA, 'mAgadhI' aura 'paizAcI' to mAtra kSetrIya uccAraNa-bheda the| inakA vaiziSTya nimnAnusAra hai1. zaurasenI prAkRta ___ itihAsakAroM ke anusAra magaghadeza meM aphagAnistAna se lekara ur3IsA taka, tathA kAzmIra se karnATaka taka kA kSetra samAhita thaa| isakA sAhityika rUpa adhika vyavasthita hone ke kAraNa prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne sarvaprathama isI kA vyAkaraNa likhaa| aura phira isI ko AdhAra mAnakara anya prAkRtoM meM jo aMtara the, mAtra unhIM kI vivecanA kI tathA 'zaSaM zaurasenIvat' kahakara Age bar3ha gye| zaurasenI prAkRta kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM nimnAnusAra hai-- 1.R> i, yathA-- Rddhi > iDDhi R > a, yathA-- agrahIta > agahida R> o, yathA-- mRSA > mosa R> U, yathA- pRthvI > puDhavI 2. ta >da, yathA-- ceti > cedi, saMyatA > sNjdaa| lekina saMyukta' vyaMjanavAle zabda ke 'ta' ko 'da' nahIM huA hai| yathA-- saMyukto > sNjutto| 3.dha > dha, yathA- tathA > tadhA, ayathA > ajdhaa| 4.ka > ga, yathA- vedakaM > vedagaM, ekAMtena > egNtenn| 5. do svaroM ke madhyavartI k g c j t d aura p kA lopa prAya: nahIM huA hai| yathA- zrutakevalI > sudakevalI, gati > gdi| 6. vyaMjanalopa hone para avaziSTa a, A ke sthAna para ya zruti' bhI milatI hai| yathA-- tIrthaMkaroM > titthayaro, vacana > vayaNa / 7. isameM mAtra dantya sakAra kA hI prayoga hotA hai, jo prAkRta kI mUlabhUta vizeSatA hai| yathA-- zIlaM > siilN| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 40 57

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2. mAgadhI prAkRta 1 yaha magadha prAMta vizeSata: pUrvI bhArata kI bhASA thI / isakI mUlaprakRti bhI 'zaurasenI prAkRta' hai| isakI pramukha vizeSatAyeM isaprakAra haiM-- 1. akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke prathamA ekavacana meM ekArAnta rUpa banate haiM, yathAeso puriso> eze pulize / 2. 'rapha' ke sthAna para 'lakAra' kA prayoga hotA hai / yathA--- - purisa > puliza, kara > kala / 3. 'dantya sakAra' ke sthAna para 'tAlavya zakAra' kA prayoga hotA hai / yathA-- sArasa 1 > shaalsh| kiMtu saMyukta avasthA meM aisA nahIM hotA / yathA- vRhaspati > vuhassadi / 4. ja' ke sthAna para 'ya' Adeza huA hai / yathA-- jANadi > yANadi / 5. 'ccha' ke sthAna para 'zca' Adeza hotA hai / yathA-- gaccha > gazca / 6. hRdaya' zabda ko 'haDakka' Adeza hotA hai / yathA-- hRdayaM hridayaM haDakkaM / 3. paizAcI prAkR isakI bhI prakRti zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai| isakA utpatti sthAna 'kaikaya pradeza' mAnA jAtA hai| paizAcI prAkRta meM cInI turkistAna ke kharoSThI lipi ke zilAlekha evaM mahA guNADhyakRta 'vaDDhakahA' vizeSata: ullekhanIya hai / vAgabhaTTa ke anusAra yaha pizAca nAmaka janajAtIya manuSyoM kI bhASA thI / isakI kucha vizeSatAyeM isaprakAra haiM 1. prAya: varga ke tRtIya varNa ke sthAna para prathama varNa kA tathA caturtha varNa ke sthAna para dvitIya varNa kA prayoga milatA hai / yathA-- gagaNaM > gakaNaM, megho > meho, rAjA > rAcA / 2. zaurasenI meM 'ta' ke sthAna para hone vAle dakAra ke rUpa paizAcI meM punaH takAra meM badala gaye / yathA- ho > ho / 3. paizAcI prAkRta meM 'hRdaya' zabda ke 'yakAra' ko 'pakAra' ho jAtA hai / yathA-- hidayakaM > hitapakaM / 4. 'Ta varga' ke sthAna para 'ta varga' ho jAtA hai / yathA-- kuTuMba> > kutuba / 5. saMyukta 'jja' ke sthAna para saMyukta 'cca' Adeza ho jAtA hai / yathA-- kajjaM > kaccaM, ajjaM > accaM / 6. do svaroM ke madhyavartI k g c j t d y aura v kA lopa prAyaH nahIM hotA / yathA-- zrutavalI > sutakevalI / 7. kriyArUpoM meM bhaviSyatkAla ke 'ssi' pratyaya ke sthAna para 'eyya' pratyaya prayukta hotA hai / yathA-- havissadi huve / isaprakAra IsApUrvakAla meM jahA~ zaurasenI mAgadhI, evaM paizAcI ye tIna mUla prAkRteM rahI haiM; vahIM Isottara kAla meM dhIre-dhIre avantI, prAcyA, mahArASTrI evaM ardhamAgadhI Adi kA vikAsa huaa| pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 taka prAkRtoM kA vikAsa carama sImA para thA / prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara '2000 DO 58

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prAcInakAla meM jahA~ 'sAmAnya prAkRta' saMjJA se 'zaurasenI prAkRta' ko jAnA jAtA thaa| vahIM pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 taka yaha saMjJA 'mahArASTrI prAkRta' liye prayukta hone lagI thii| prAkRtabhASA ke ina paravartI prabhedoM kA paricaya nimnAnusAra haimahArASTrI prAkRta sAmAnyata: mahArASTra meM bolI jAne vAlI prAkRta ko 'mahArASTrI prAkRta' kahA gayA hai| kiMtu yaha zaurasenI prAkRta kA hI vikasita rUpa hone se isakA kSetravistAra zaurasenI ke samAna vyApaka rahA hai| 'chaThavI' zatAbdI ke alaMkArazAstra ke vidvAna mahAkavi daNDI ne mahArASTrI prAkRta' ko 'sUktirUpI ratnoM kA sAgara' kahA hai-- "mahArASTrazrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduH / sAgaraH sUktiratnAnAM setubandhAdi yanmayam / / " isameM zaurasenI prAkRta se itanI hI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai ki isameM suvidhA kI dRSTi se do svaroM ke madhya Ane vAle k, ga, c, j, t, da, p varNoM kA lopa kara diyA jAtA hai| aura jaba lupta varNoM ke kAraNa asuvidhA hone lagatI hai, to 'ya' evaM 'va' varNa kA bIca meM Agama kara asuvidhA ko dUra kara diyA jAtA hai| ise 'yazruti' aura 'vazruti' bhI kahate haiN| prAcyA aura avantI 'nATyazAstra' meM vidUSaka Adi kI bhASA ko 'prAcyA' kahA gayA hai, aura dhUrtoM dvArA bolI jAne vAlI bolI ko 'AvantI' kahate haiN| mArkeNDaya ne 'prAkRta sarvasva' meM 'zaurasenI' se hI prAcyA' kA udbhava batAyA hai aura 'AvantI' ko 'mahArASTrI' aura 'zaurasenI' ke bIca kI saMkramaNakAlIna avasthA' batAyA hai| ardhamAgadhI zvetAmbara jainaAgamoM kI bhASA ko 'ardhamAgadhI' kahA gayA hai| ise 'RSiyoM kI bhASA' yA 'ArSa' bhI kahA gayA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne zaurasenI se prabhAvita mAgadhI bhASA mAnA hai| tathA isakA pracalanakAla Isottara tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI se mAnA hai| isakI koI svataMtra vizeSatA na hone se kisI bhI vaiyAkaraNa ne isakA vyAkaraNika paricaya nahIM diyA hai| kisI bhI nATaka meM kisI bhI varga ke pAtroM dvArA isakA prayoga na milane se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki yaha bhASA lokabhASA nahIM thI, apitu kRtrimarUpa se ghaTita kI gaI thii| isameM kahIM-kahIM to saMskRta ke prayoga yA saMskRta kI paddhati para AdhArita prayoga milate haiN| to kahIM zaurasenI se bhinnatA batAne ke liye 'Na' varNa kI jagaha 'na' varNa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| parantu aise prayogoM kA koI nizcita AdhAra na hone se isake niyama nahIM banAye jA sake aura isIliye ye bhASA lokabhASA na bana skii| aura na hI yaha laukika vidvatjanoM ke liye upayogI ho skii| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 1059

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jainadarzana meM 'jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA - DaoN0 dayAcandra sAhityAcArya jainadarzana meM kathita mUla chaha dravyoM meM jIva (AtmA) kA kathana sarvaprathama isakAraNa kiyA gayA hai ki vaha AtmA anya saba dravyoM meM pradhAna evaM jJAna - darzana Adi ananta guNoM kA bhaNDAra hai / AcArya jinasena ne 'sahasranAmastotra' meM kahA hai 1 "alamAstAM guNastotramanantAstAvakA guNA: / tvAM nAmasmRtimAtreNa paryupAsisiSAmahe / / " - (sahasranAma - pIThikA, padya 33 ) artha :- he bhagavan ! yadyapi Apake AtmA ke guNa ananta haiM, unakA stavana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai; tathApi 1008 nAmoM ke smaraNamAtra se ApakI upAsanA bhaktivaza kara rahe haiN| Age sahasranAmoM kA smaraNa karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki "jino jiSNurameyAtmA viSNurIzo jagatpatiH / " - (sahasranAma pra0 a0, padya 6 ) arthAt he bhagavan! Apa "jita: jJAnAvaraNAdikarmazatrUn jayati-iti jina:", arthAt jJAnAvaraNAdi karmazatru ko jItanevAle hone se 'jina' haiM / Apa jiSNu' haiM arthAt karmazatruoM ko jItane kA ApakA svabhAva hai / pUjyapAda AcArya ke mata meM 'jina' kI vyAkhyA 60 "jitamada - harSa - dveSA, jitamoha- parISahA jitakaSAyA: / jitajanma-maraNa- - rogAH, jitamAtsaryA jayantu jinA: / / " - ( arhadbhakti, padya 10 ) : sArAMza jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarma, rAgadveSa Adi bhAvakarma evaM janma-maraNa Adi mokarmoM ke vijetA 'jina' vizva meM jayavanta hoM / AcArya vidyAnanda svAmI-sammata 'jaina' zabda kI vyAkhyA nimnAnusAra hai-- "prabuddhAzeSatattvArtha- bodhadIdhitimAline / namaH zrIjinacandrAya, mohadhvAntaprabhedine / / " - (AptaparIkSA, maMgalAcaraNa ) isa maMgalAcaraNa meM jinarUpIcandra ko arthAt candraprabha jina ko athavA sakalajina prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000

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(paramAtmA) samUha ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| jina' zabda kI vyutpatti "karmArAtIn jayatItijina:" arthAt rAgadveSa-moha Adi karmazatruoM para jo pUrNata: vijaya prApta kara lete haiM, unako jainadarzana meM jina' kahA gayA hai| paNDitapravara AzAdhara-sammatta jina' kI vyAkhyA hai "jAtA jainakule purA jinavRSAbhyAsAnubhAvAd gunnaiH|" karmazatrUna jayanti iti jinA:, te devatA: yeSAM te iti jainA:, teSAM kulaM tasmin jainakule smutpnnaa:| -(sAgAra dharmAmRta, a0 2, padya 20) sArAMza :- jinhoMne jJAnAvaraNAdi karmazatruoM ko jItakara ananta jJAna-darzana-sukhazakti-samyaktva Adi ATha akSaya guNoM ko prApta kara liyA hai, ve 'jina' mahAtmA jina mAnavoM ke devatA haiM, ve mAnava jaina' saMjJaka haiM; unakI santAna bhI jaina'saMjJaka hai| samantabhadrAcArya dvArA mAnya jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA isaprakAra hai "zreyAn jina: zreyasi varmanImA:, zreya: prajA: zAsajeyavAkya: / jina: sakala kaSAyendriyajayAt jina: / / " arthAt sampUrNa kaSAya tathA indriya-bhogoM para vijaya prApta karane se jina mahAtmAoM ne akSaya jJAna-darzana-sukha-vIrya Adi guNoM ko prApta kara kiyA hai; una zreyAMsa jinadeva * ne janatA ko mukti ke mArga kA upadeza diyaa| -(vRhatsvayaMbhUstotra, zreyAMsastuti, padya 1) AcArya zrI yogIndradeva kI dRSTi se AtmA ke bheda nimnAnusAra haiM "mUDhu-viyakkhaNu baMbhu paru appA tivihu hvei| dehu ji appA jo muNai, so jaNu mUdu havei / / -(paramAtmaprakAza, dohA 13) dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA AtmA ke koI bheda nahIM, vaha AtmA eka zuddha akhaNDa nitya jJAna-darzanAdi svabhAvI hai| parantu paryAyArthinaya kI apekSA karmasaMyoga se AtmA ke tIna bheda hote haiN| (1) bahirAtmA, (2) antarAtmA, (3) prmaatmaa| jo deha Adi bAhya padArthoM ko aura AtmA kA ekarUpa zraddhAna karatA hai, vaha bahirAtmA kadApi 'jina' nahIM kahA jA sakatA, vaha mokSamArgI nahIM hai| jo bhedavijJAnI, paramasamAdhi meM sthita 24 parigraha se vihIna AtmA hai, vaha antarAtmA tIna prakAra hotA hai| (1) uttama antarAtmA, (2) madhyama antarAtmA, (3) jaghanya antraatmaa| jaghanya antarAtmA caturtha guNasthAnavartI, bhedavijJAnI avirati samyagdRSTi mokSamArgI 'ekadezajina' kahe jAte haiN| madhyama antarAtmA ke bhI tIna bheda hote haiM- (1) jaghanya madhyama-antarAtmA - paMcamaguNa sthAnavartI ekadezavratI zrAvaka samyagdRSTi jaghanya madhyama-antarAtmA kahe jAte haiN| ye bhI ekadezajina haiN| SaSTha guNasthAnavartI, 24 parigrahavihIna mahAvratI samyakadRSTi madhyama madhyama-antarAtmA kahe jAte haiN| saptamaguNasthAna ke sAtizaya bhAga se lekara dvAdaza prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000 0061

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guNasthAna-paryanta kramaza: karmoM kA kSaya karanevAle digambara paramadhyAnI muni hInAdhika pariNAmoM ke kAraNa uttama antarAtmA jina kahe jAte haiN| kyoMki AtmA bhI kramaza: karmoM kA kSaya karatI hai| spaSTa varNana yaha hai ki caturtha guNasthAna se lekara dvAdaza guNasthAna taka jIva taratamabhAvoM kI apekSA kramaza: 'ekadezajina' kahe jAte haiN| "saptaprakRtikSayaM kRtvekadezajinA: sadRSTaya: shraavkaady:|" paramAtmA do prakAra vAle haiM (1) nikala paramAtmA, (2) sakala prmaatmaa| jJAnAvaraNAdi ghAti-karmoM ke vijetA ananta jJAna-darzana Adi guNacatuSTaya se zobhita, aSTaprAtihArya se vibhUSita, samavasaraNa meM mokSamArga ke praNetA 46 atizayoM se parizobhita mahAtmA 'sakala paramAtmA' kahe jAte haiN| inako vizeSa pUjAtizaya hone ke kAraNa 'arhanta' kahate haiN| paramaudArika caramottama zarIra hone ke kAraNa jIvanmukta' kahate haiM evaM 'sakala paramAtmA' bhI kahate haiN| caturthaguNasthAna se dvAdaza guNasthAna-paryanta 'jina' AtmAoM meM indra (zreSTha) hone ke kAraNa jinendra' yA jinakalpa' kahe jAte haiN| "sakala nikala paramAtama dvaividha, tinameM ghaati-nivaarii| zrI arihanta sakala paramAtama, lokaalok-nihaarii||" -(kavivara paM0 daulatarAma jI) "sakalajJeya jJAyaka tadapi, nijAnandarasa liin| so jinendra jayavanta nita, ari-raja-rahasa-vihIna / / " -(kavivara paM0 daulatarAma jI) ye arihanta cAra ghAtikarma rUpa zatruoM ke vijetA hone se 'ardhanArIzvara' prasiddha haiM . arthAt ardha=cAra ghAti karmarUpa zatru jinake nahIM haiM, (arthAt Adhe ari nahIM haiM) aise Izvara ko 'ardhanArIzvara' kahate haiN| 'sahasranAmastotra' meM kahA hai "ardhaM te nArayo yasmAd ardhanArIzvaro smRt:| tvAmandhakAntakaM prAhu: mohAndhAsuramardanAt / / " -(jinasenAcArya - sahasranAmapIThikA, padya 8) ardha araya:yasya na santi iti ardhanAriH, sa cAsau Izvarazca iti ardhanArIzvara:= ardhajina: / mohAndhAsuramardanAt-andhakAntaka: arhadeva: / prAkRte-arihaMta devo| dvitIya paramAtmA-siddhaparamAtmA sarvotkRSTa siddha paramAtmA ke viSaya meM paramAtmaprakAza meM kathita hai-- "appA laddhau NANamau, kamma-vimukke jenn| meMllivi sayalu vi dabbu, paru so paru muNahi maNeNa / / " -(yogIndradeva, paramAtmaprakAza, padya 15) sArAMza - jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmoM se tathA rAga-dveSa-moha Adi bhAvakarmoM se vihIna, 0062 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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deha Adi nokarma se rahita, kevalajJAnAdi ATha guNoM se sampanna AtmA siddha paramAtmA' hotA hai| vaha sampUrNaguNa-yukta nikala paramAtmA, utkRSTa jinendra, sampUrNajina aura sarvajinezvara nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| isaprakAra Atmadravya kI apekSA 'jina'zabda kA vibhAjana kiyA gyaa| vizuddha pariNAmoM kI apekSA 'jina' kA vargIkaraNa yathAyogya karmoM ke upazama, kSayopazama evaM kSaya kI apekSA pariNAma-vizuddhi ke kAraNa asaMkhyAtaguNI karmanirjarA hone se 'jina' zabda kA vargIkaraNa isaprakAra hai __ "samyagdaSTizrAvaka-viratAnantaviyojaka-darzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinA: krmsho'sNkhyeygunnnirjraa:|" - (tattvArthasUtra, sUtra 45) "sammattupupattIye, sAvayavirade annNtkmmse| daMsaNamohakkhavage, kasAyauvasAmage ya uvsNte|| khavage ya khINamoha, jiNesudavvA asNkhgunnidkmaa| tavavivarIyA kAlA, saMkhejjaguNakkamA hoti / / " -(gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 66-67) sArAMza - (1) sAtizaya, bhadrapariNAmI, samyaktva ke sanmukha mithyAdRSTi jIva ke pUrva meM mithyAtvadazA meM jo karmoM kI nirjarA (ekadezakSaya) hotI thI, usase asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA hotI hai tathA samaya, pUrva se saMkhyAtaguNA hIna hotA hai, yaha vicitra ghaTanA hai| (2) sAtizaya mithyAdRSTi jIva ke antarmuhUrtakAla meM jo karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai, usase asaMkhyAtaguNI adhika karmoM kI nirjarA, caturthaguNasthAnavartI zuddha samyagdRSTi jIva ke hotI hai tathA samaya saMkhyAtaguNita hIna vyatIta hotA hai| isIprakAra (3) zrAvaka (paMcama guNasthAnavartI), (4) viraktamunirAja (SaSThaguNasthAnavartI), (5) anantAnubandhI kA visaMyojaka jIva, (6) darzanamohakSapaka, (7) kaSAyopazamaka jIva, (8-9-10 guNasthAnavartI jIva), (8) upazAntakaSAyavAlA jIva (11vAM guNasthAnI), (9) kaSAyakSapaka jIva (8-910vAM guNasthAnI jIva), (10) kSINamoha (12vAM guNasthAnI jIva), (11) sayogakevalIjina (13veM guNasthAnI), (12) samudghAtagatakevalIjina, (13) ayogIjina (14veM gunnsthaanvrtiijin)| ina sthAnoM meM bhI kramaza: pUrva se asaMkhyAtaguNI karmoM kI nirjarA adhika hotI hai aura pUrva se agrima sthAnoM meM samaya saMkhyAtaguNika hIna vyatIta hotA hai| isase samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA prabhAva siddha hotA hai, jisase asaMkhyAtaguNe bhAvoM kI vizuddhi vRddhiMgata hotI hai aura samaya saMkhyAtaguNA hIna vyatIta hotA hai / isaprakAra guNazreNI nirjarA (ekadeza karmakSaya) ke mAdhyama se ekadezajina, madhyamajina, jinendra aura sarvotkRSTa jinendra meM vargIkaraNa hotA hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 63

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karmakSaya kI apekSA 'jina' zabda kA vargIkaraNa guNasthAna se sAtaveM guNasthAna taka kisI bhI guNasthAna meM narakA, tiryagA devAyu, anantAnubandhI krodha - mAna-kAyA - lobha, mithyAtva, samyakmithyAtva, samyakprakRti --ina daza prakRtiyoM kA kSaya rahatA hai| navameM guNasthAna meM 36 prakRtiyoM kA sattvakSaya, dazama guNasthAna meM saMjvalanalobha kA kSaya, dvAdaza guNasthAna meM nidrA Adi 16 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya, caturdaza guNasthAna ke upAnta samaya meM 72 (asAtA vedanIya Adi) prAkRtiyoM kA kSaya, anta samaya meM sAtAvedanIya Adi 13 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya kara yaha AtmA paramasiddha jinendra paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| isaprakAra guNasthAnoM ke krama se kramaza: karmoM para vijaya prApta kara jJAnadarzana sukha vIrya Adi guNoM ko vikasita karate hue yaha AtmA ekadezajina madhyamajina, jinendra aura sarvotkRSTa jinezvarapada ko prApta karatA hai| samyagjJAna kI apekSA 'jina' AtmA kA vargIkaraNa caturtha guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka AtmAoM ke hInAdhika meM mati - zruta- avadhijJAna ho sakatA hai / mana:paryaya jJAna 6veM se 12veM guNasthAna taka ho sakatA hai / kevalajJAna 13veM, 14veM guNasthAnoM meM tathA siddha bhagavAn ke hotA hai / siddhaparamAtmA meM sAdi - anantakAla taka kevalajJAna hotA hai| matijJAna- - zrutajJAna ke anantara bhI kevalajJAna ho sakatA hai / mati zruta- avadhijJAna tathA mati zruta-avadhi - mana:paryaya ke anantara bhI kevalajJAna ho sakatA hai aura kevalajJAna sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se hotA hai / ina guNasthAnoM meM bhI yathAyogya - yathAkrama se jina - vyavahAra jJAtavya hai 1 - ( karaNAnuyoga dIpaka, bhAga 1, pR0 73 ) "na samyaktvasamaM kiMcit, traikAlye trijagatyapi / - zreyo'zreyazca mithyAtva-samaM nAnyattanUbhRtAm / / " - ( samantabhadrAcArya) "naratvepi pazUyante, mithyAtvagrastacetanAH / pazutvepi narAyante, samyaktvavyaktacetanAH / / - (paNDitapravara AzAdhara ) 64 dhana kI pavitratA "zuddhairdhanairvivardhante satAmapi na sampadaH / na hi svacchAmbubhirpUNAH kadAcidapi sindhava: / / " - (AcArya guNabhadra, AtmAnuzAsanam, 45 ) artha:- jaise nirmala jala se nadI, tAlAba, samudra Adi kabhI bharane nahIM haiM; ve bAriza ke maTamaile jala se pUra se hI bharate haiM; usIprakAra sajjana bhI zuddha dhana se sampattizAlI nahIM bana pAte haiM, unameM kucha na kucha azuddhi avazya hotI hai| ** prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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bhASA, vibhASA aura zaurasenI - DaoN0 mAyA jaina mUlabhASA eka hai; parantu vyavahAra, lokavyavahAra, sAhityaprayoga evaM kSetrIya dRSTi se usakA vibhAjana avazya kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ vikAsa aura vistAra ke kAraNa zAkhA prazAkhA, parivAra upa-parivAra evaM bhASA - upabhASA Adi kA svarUpa sAmane AtA hai; vahIM sAmAnya dRSTi se bhASA ke do rUpa upasthita hote haiM : 1. janasAdhAraNa meM prayukta bhASA aura 2. sAhitya meM prayukta bhASA / sarvaprathama bhASA kI prakriyA AdAna-pradAna evaM saMketoM ke kAraNa vikAsa ko prApta hotI hai / jo jisaprakAra jisa rUpa meM thA, jisa taraha vividha jAtiyoM, vargoM Adi meM bolI jAtI hai; vaha janapracalita janatA kI bolacAla kI bhASA, lokabhASA yA janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA kahalAtI hai| kAlAntara meM 'janasAdhAraNa kI bolI' vyAkaraNa ke anuzAsana meM 'baMdhakara 'bhASA' bana jAtI hai / DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai-- "janasAdhAraNa vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se aparicita hone ke kAraNa svecchAnusAra svataMtra rUpoM kA nirmANa karate haiM, jisase prAcIna rUpoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai / isa sthiti meM prAcIna bhASA to sAhitya kI bhASA kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai aura navIna bhASA, laukika bhASA, janabhASA prAkRtabhASA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai / " - ( prAkRta bhASA, pRSTha 10 ) DaoN. haradeva bAharI ne 'prAkRtabhASA aura usake sAhitya ke anuzIlana' meM kahA hai ki "prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna AryabhASAoM kA vikAsa kisI janabhASA, prAkRtabhASA se hI hotA hai / ata: jJAna aura sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha bhASA kA bhI nirantara prasAra hotA rahatA hai| manuSya jisa vAtAvaraNa meM rahatA hai, vaha apanI suvidhA evaM sugamatA ke anusAra boliyoM kA vikAsa karatA hai / jisa bolI kA bahuta se vyakti bahuta samaya taka prayoga karate rahate haiM, vaha zailI kucha samaya ke lie kinhIM vizeSa dhvaniyoM tathA kinhIM vizeSa rUpoM para Azrita ho jAtI hai / " - ( prAkRtabhASA, pRSTha 13 ) bhASA ke janasAdhAraNa ke prayoga isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki prAcIna AryabhASA jo usa samaya kI janabhASA rahI hogI, vahI vedoM kI bhASA 'chAndas' aura lokapracalita janasAdhAraNa meM bolI jAnevAlI usa samaya kI bolI jAnevAlI bhASA prAkRta thI, apanA prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 65

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vaha sthAna banA paayii| lokasAhitya evaM lokaruci se anuzAsita hokara jaise hI kSetrIyatA ke anusAra racanAdharmitA ko apanAyA hogA yA racanAdharmitA jisa kSetra meM DhalI hogI, apanA prabhAva avazya DAlane meM samartha huI hogii| janatA kI bhASA prAkRta kA yahI svarUpa rahA hogaa| isakA itanA prayoga yA pravAha huA ki usameM sAhitya bhI likhA gayA, aura eka samaya to prAkRta sabhI vidhAoM meM prayukta hone ke kAraNa tathA jana-jana meM sthAna banAne ke kAraNa bhI lambe samaya taka apanA prAmANika rUpa surakSita karatI rhii| sara ricarDa pizela ne to yahA~ taka bhI kaha diyA ki "prAkRta bhASAoM kI jar3eM janatA kI boliyoM ke bhItara jamI huI haiM / aura inake mukhya tattva AdikAla meM jItI-jAgatI aura bolI jAnevAlI bhASA se liye gaye haiM / kintu bolacAla kI ve bhASAyeM jo bAda meM sAhityika bhASAoM ke pada para pratiSThita huI, saMskRta kI bhA~ti hI bahuta ThokI-pITI gaIM; tAki unakA eka sugaThita rUpa bana jAye / " - (prA0 bhA0 kA vyAkaraNa, pR0 14 ) 'gauDavaho' mahAkAvya meM prAkRtabhASA ko janabhASA mAnA hai| isa kAvya meM dRSTAnta dvArA kathana kiyA ki "jisaprakAra jala samudra meM praveza karatA hai aura samudra se hI vASparUpa se bAhara nikalatA hai| isI taraha prAkRtabhASA meM saba bhASAyeM praveza karatI haiM aura isa prAkRtabhASA se hI saba bhASAyeM nikalatI haiM" : "sayalAo imaM vAyA visaMti eNtto ya NeMti vAyAo / eMti samuddaM ci NeMti sAyarAo cciya jalAI / / " * arthAt janabhASA se hI samasta bhASAoM kA vikAsa svIkAra kiyA hai| zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA meM svataMtra rUpoM kI nirmANa-prakriyA ke kAraNa isakA anuzAsana jo bhUtabali, puSpadanta, dharasena, kundakunda, yativRSabha Adi ke prayogoM meM hai; vahI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prayogoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / pada, vAkya, dhvani aura artha - ina cAroM aMgoM ko vizeSa anuzAsana meM rakha diye jAne ke uparAnta bhI zaurasenI ke jo rUpa the, ve aba bhI haiN| jaise paMcamI vibhakti ke prayogoM meM Ado, Adu aura saptamI vibhakti ekavacana meM 'mhi' pratyaya kA prayoga tathA dhAtu kriyA rUpoM meM havadi, hodi Adi evaM tha dhvani kA dha honA bhI isakI vizeSatA hai / jo prAcIna sUtra - granthoM meM hai, vahI aba bhI hai / sAhitya-nibaddha zaurasenI prAkRta 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' meM sUtra rUpa meM hai / sAhitya-svarUpa meM sUtra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / usameM bhI laya, yati evaM gati Adi vidyamAna rahatI / udAharaNa ke liye eka sUtra draSTavya hai-- 1 hai "ukkassAdo aNukkassA samaUNA / " - (4/2, pR0 396) isa sUtra ko choTA yA bar3A nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isItaraha "uvakassA vA aNukkassA vA" isa sUtra meM 'vA' kA prayoga do bAra huA hai| eka vAkya ko jor3anevAlA hai aura dUsarA bhI ko sthAna detA hai / kAvyakalA meM donoM hI pakSoM ko sthAna diyA jAtA 66 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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hai| yahA~ 'vA' ko haTA sakate haiM; para uccAraNa meM pUrNa gati nahIM rahegI aura artha meM bhI parivartana ho jaayegaa| isaliye sUtrakAroM ne jo sUtra diye, ve bhI anuzAsana se yukta haiN| gAthAyeM to pada, vAkya, dhvani aura artha -- ina cAroM aMgoM ko hI samAhita kiye rahatI haiN| sUtra bhI isI taraha ke haiN| bhASA aura lipi __ pratyeka bhASA kI nizcita lipi hotI hai| jo usake svarUpa kA jJAna karAtI hai| aura vahI usake mahattva ko bhI pratipAdita karatI hai| vargoM ke likhane kI vidhi kA nAma lipi hai| lipi kA sAmAnya artha likhAvaTa hai| arthAt likhane kI vidhi se pUrva manuSyoM dvArA prayukta sArthaka dhvani-saMketoM ke mAdhyama se bolanA prAraMbha kiyA jAtA hai| jise vANI yA bhASA kahA jAtA hai| jaba ve hI prayoga yA dhvani-saMketa vargoM ke rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, to varNa kI jo likhAvaTa yA banAvaTa sAmane AtI hai; vahI lipi kahalAtI hai| bahalipivAle isa bhArata kSetra meM eka lipi nizcita nahIM huI; kyoMki yaha rASTra bahuvidha hai| vargoM meM vibhakta hai, ata: bhArata ke pramukha prAcIna lipiyoM meM kucha pracalita lipiyA~ haiM aura kucha apracalita lipiyA~ haiN| parantu donoM ke Akalana se devanAgarI lipi' kI pramukhatA pragaTa hotI hai| likhita rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna dhvaniyoM ke anusAra varNoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jisake pariNAmasvarUpa pratyeka bhASA ke vargoM ke rUpa bhinna-bhinna dikhAI dete haiN| aura usI ke kAraNa lipi meM bhI bhinnatA A jAtI hai| parantu yaha to nizcita hai ki bhASA, bhAvoM kI saphala abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai, to lipi usake likhitarUpa kA prakAzana hai| -(hindI bhASA evaM racanA, pR0 5) bhArata kI pramukha lipiyA~ brAhmI, kharoSThI, gupta tathA kuTila Adi / pracalita lipiyA~ devanAgarI, bAMglA, tamila, gurumukhI aadi| atirikta lipiyA~ . ur3iyA, tamila, malayAlama, gujarAtI, urdU Adi / devanAgarI lipi prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI, marAThI, koMkaNI, nepAlI Adi bhaassaayeN| devanAgarI lipi meM lipibaddha milane se prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM kA bhASA rUpa-vijJAna, prakriyA Adi sabhI kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| zaurasenI prAkRta kA bhI devanAgarI lipi se saMbaMdha hai| isake atirikta ardhamAgadhI, pAli, mAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM ke svarUpa evaM banAvaTa ke prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 4067

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adhyayana se devanAgarI lipi kA hI bodha hotA hai / bhASA ke rUpa "akkharagadA aNakkharagadA" bhASA akSaragata bhI hai aura anakSaragata hai / aura "sordidiyassa visayo" zrotrendriya kA viSaya zabda hai, jo mUlataH likhita, sAMketika aura uccarita ina tIna rUpoM ke liye huye hai / isake aMga pratyaMga meM pada, vAkya, varNa Adi kA jo svarUpa vidyamAna hai, usake kAraNa bhASA ke aneka rUpa bhI haiN| aneka prakAra kI boliyA~ haiM / evaM aneka bhASAyeM bhI haiN| bhASA kA vaiziSTya vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya se hI AtA hai / ata: jo kucha kahA gayA yA pUrva meM bolA jA cukA hai, usI kA vyavahArika rUpa kaI taraha se apanA sthAna banA letA hai / jise pracalita bhASA, sthAnIya bhASA, prAntIya bhASA, rAjabhASA, rASTrIya bhASA, antarrASTrIya bhASA evaM sAhityika bhASA ityAdi / prAcInakAla meM kaI prakAra ke pariSkRta rUpa sAmane Aye / kucha ziSTa aura kucha dezIkaraNa ke kAraNa pratiSThita bhI hue / Rgveda, atharvaveda, sAmaveda aura yajurveda -ina cAroM vedoM kI bhASA ko inake sAhityika svarUpa ke AdhAra para 'chAndas' kahA gayA / vaidika yuga meM jo pracalita rUpa the yA jana-jana meM bole jAne vAle prayoga jaise hI sAhityika rUpa ko prApta hote haiM, vaise hI unakA sthAna bhI nirdhArita ho jAtA hai / jo vacana bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha ke rUpa meM pracalita the, ve 'ArSa' ke svarUpa ko prApta hue, aura ArSavacana kA jaise-jaise adhyayana kiyA gayA, vaise-vaise unake nAmakaraNa kA bhI nirdhAraNa huaa| zUrasena kI pramukhatA se 'zaurasenI', magadha kI vizeSatA se 'mAgadhI' Adi nAmakaraNa kSetrIyakaraNa ke kAraNa prasiddha hue / yahI kAlAntara meM sthAna - apekSA . aura sAhitya-dRSTi se pRthak-pRthak vibhASAoM ke svarUpa ko prApta huye / vibhASA vividha prakAra ke bhASaNa arthAt kathana ko 'vibhASA' kahate haiM / vibhASA, prarUpaNA, nirUpaNA aura vyAkhyAna - ye saba ekArthavAcaka nAma haiM / vivihA bhAsA vihAsA parUvaNA NirUvaNA vakkhArNamidi eyaTTho / - (SaT0 1/6/5 ) adhikAMza rUpa meM bhASAoM ke zabdoM ke vaiSamya aura sAmya ke kAraNa kisI bhASA ko pRthak kara pAnA atyaMta kaThina hai / aura usameM bhI AryabhASAoM ke vikAsa ke pariprekSya meM atyadhika kaThina ho jAtA hai / kyoMki AryabhASAoM ke vikAsa meM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI haiN| jabaki kucha bhASAvaijJAnikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaidika yuga kI bhASA ke atirikta zaurasenI, mAgadhI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI, cUlikA evaM anya draviNa parivAra kI bhASAyeM evaM vibhASAyeM haiM / vibhASAoM kA yA upabhASAoM kA svarUpa vaidika kAla se hI pracalita ho gayA thaa| jise dezya bhASAoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa tIna vibhASAoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA 68 prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara 2000

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'ka' udIya yA uttarIya vibhASA 'kha' madhyadezIya vibhASA 'ga' prAcya yA pUrvIya vibhASA prAkRtabhASA kA vikAsa madhya bhAratIya AryabhASA 'chAndas' se huA hai| jo usa samaya kI janabhASA rahI hogii| laukika saMskRta yA saMskRta bhASA bhI chAndas' se vikasita hai| ata: vikAsa kI dRSTi se prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM sahodarA haiN| donoM eka hI srota se udbhUta haiN| -(prAkRta sAhitya, pR0 9) janabhASA prAkRta kA sAhityika svarUpa Rgveda se vedAMga taka bhASA kA svAbhAvika pravAha jaise hI sAhitya ke svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai, vaise hI vikRta vibhASAoM kA bhI sthAna dikhAI dene lagatA hai| 'draviNa' evaM 'muNDA' Adi bhASAoM ke tattva meM asaMskRta evaM jo vikRta rUpa the, ve dezya yA vibhASA ke svarUpa ko bhI prApta hue| parantu vaidika bhASA ke samAnAntara dhvanyAtmaka tathA racanA ke vaiziSTya ko lie hue jo bhASA AryabhASA meM sthAna banA pAI, vaha janabhASA prAkRta khlaaii| isakA vizAla sAhitya zatAbdiyoM se yahI dhvanita kara rahA hai ki bhArata kI prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM AryoM ne jaba se vistAra kiyA, tabhI se prAkRtabhASA kA apanA sthAna hai| AgamoM meM bhI 'Arya' aura 'anArya' yA 'Arya' aura 'mleccha' - ina do nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| prAkRtabhASA aura usake sAhitya kA sthAna AryabhASA meM hai| Arya aura anArya pA~ca bharata kSetra, pA~ca airAvata kSetra aura pA~ca mahAvideha -- ina pandraha kSetroM meM 'Arya' aura mleccha' donoM prakAra ke manuSya rahate haiN| 'Arya' ve haiM, jo dharmayukta ahiMsA, satya Adi ke nikaTa haiM aura jinake vacana ziSTa bhI haiN| jinake vacana tathA AcAra-vicAra avyakta haiM, ve anArya yA mleccha haiN| Arya meM bhI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, cAraNa aura vikriyA Adi Rddhi-prApta Arya haiN| tathA jo Rddhi se rahita haiM, ve kSetrArya, jAtyArya, kulArya, kArya, zilpArya, bhASArya, jJAnArya, darzanArya aura caritrArya - ke bheda se nau prakAra ke haiN| una sabhI ke bhI aneka upabheda haiN| 'bhASArya' prAkRtabhASA meM bolate haiM, unameM bhI brAhmIlipi kI pramukhatA hai| brAhmI lipi' ke lekhana prakAra nimna haiM-- brAhmI, yavanAnI, doSApurikA, kharoSTrI, puSkarazArikA, bhogavatikA, praharAdikA, antAkSarikA, akSarapuSTikA, vainayikA, nihavikA, aMkalipi, gaNitalipi, gandharvalipi, Adarzalipi, mAhezvarI, tAmilI, drAvir3I aura paulindii| -(prajJApanA, pR0 88-107) ___ bhASA avabodha bIjarUpa hai| usake svarUpa bheda-prabheda bolanevAlA vyakti Adi kyA pragaTa kara rahA hai yA kina vicAroM ko vyakta kara rahA hai? --yaha bhASA-vargaNA kI prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0069

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pariNati hai, arthAt jisa samaya meM jo bhASA bolI jAtI hai, usa samaya meM vahI vANI kSetrIyatA ke kAraNa bhASA ke nAmakaraNa ko prApta ho jAtI hai| aura usI samaya anya bhASA-vibhASA yA abhASA jAnI jAtI hai| bhASA-vargaNA kA yahI saMketa hai| zrutajJAna ke adhyayana se bhI yaha saMketa hotA hai ki eka-eka akSara kI vRddhi se bar3hatA huA pada samAsa-saMghAta ko prApta ho jAtA hai| akSara aura anAkSara donoM hI apane-apane sthAna ko surakSita karate haiN| jitane akSara haiM, utane hI zrutajJAna haiM; kyoMki eka-eka akSara se eka-eka zrutajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| chakkhaMDAgamasutta' meM inake vikalpoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA aura yaha bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai ki eka-eka akSara se eka-eka zruta kI jisa rUpa meM utpatti hotI hai, ve vargAkSara 25 haiM, aMtastha cAra, aura uSmA akSara cAra tathA 33 vyaMjana hai| svara, isva, dIrgha aura pluta ke bheda se sattAIsa hai| prAkRta meM bhI inakA sadbhAva hai| sabhI akSara 64 hote haiM, kahA hai "tettIsa vaMjaNAI sattAvIsaM havaMti svvsraa| cattAri ajogavahA evaM causaTTi vnnnnaao|" -(SaT khaNDa 5/13, pR0 248) ata: yaha nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki lokabhASA ke aneka srota the, jo parimArjita aura pariSkRta hokara bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla nivAsiyoM kI bhASA banI AryabhASA ke nAma se vikhyAta vaidika yuga kI chAndas' aura ArSa yuga kI 'zaurasenI', kA apanA vaiziSTya hai, jinameM janabhASA ke samAntara rUpa bhI haiN| tathA jinameM pariniSThita, udIcyA, vibhASA, madhyadezIya vibhASA tathA pUrvI vibhASA ke aneka rUpa vidyamAna haiN| zaurasenI Adi bhASAoM se hI vibhASAyeM evaM upabhASAyeM vikasita huI haiN| 27 svaravarNa - a, A, A3; i, I, I3; u, U, U3; R, R, R3; lu, lu, lu3; eN, e, e3; oM, o, o3; aiM, ai, e3; auM, au, au3| (inameM : kA cihna) hasvatva kA, tathA '3' kA cihna plutatva kA sUcaka hai) - k, kha, ga, gha, G / c, ch, j, jha, J / Ta, Tha, D, da, N / t, th, d, dh, n / p, pha, ba, bha, m| ya, ra, la, v / z, Sa, s, h| - aM (:), a: (:): ka p / 33 vyaMjanavarNa | 4 ayogavAha varNa 0070 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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suyogya bahU -zrImatI amitA jaina 'Aya-vyayamukhayormuni-kamaNDalureva nidarzanam / ' __ -(A0 somadevasUri, nItivAkyAmRta jaina arthazAstra, 18/6) prAcInakAla meM magadha prAnta kI rAjadhAnI 'rAjagRha' thii| usameM 'dhanya' nAmaka eka sArthavAha (bar3A vyApArI) thaa| apanI buddhi evaM vyApAra-kauzala ke kAraNa vaha 'nagaraseTha' bana sakA thaa| use Aye dina vyApAra ke nimitta videza jAnA par3atA thaa| usakA parivAra bhI putra-pautroM se sampanna thA aura sabhI loga eka sAtha milakara rahate the| vyApAra ke kArya meM usake cAroM putra to suyogya nikale tathA pitA kA acchI taraha hAtha ba~TAte the, kintu * ghara kI ciMtA use satAtI rahatI thii| kyoMki usakI cAroM putravadhuyeM alaga-alaga parivAroM se thiiN| unameM se kauna gRhasvAminI' kA pada saMbhAlane ke lie suyogya hai? - isakA nirNaya karake vaha ghara ke dAyitva se bhI cintA-mukta honA cAhatA thaa| isa bAta kA nirNaya karane ke liye usane eka dina apanI cAroM putravadhuoM ko apane pAsa bulAyA tathA samasta parijanoM ke sAmane una cAroM ko pA~ca-pA~ca cAvala ke dAne diye aura kahA ki "merI beTiyo ! tuma ina cAvala ke dAnoM ko saMbhAlakara rakhanA, jaba mujhe jarUrata hogI, to maiM tuma logoM se mA~ga luuNgaa|" cAroM putravadhuoM ne apane sasura jI kI AjJA ko sira jhukAkara svIkAra kiyA aura una cAvaloM ko lekara apane-apane kakSa meM calI gyiiN| __ unameM se bar3I putravadhu, jisakA nAma 'ujjhikA' thA, ne socA ki 'ina pA~ca dAnoM ko kauna saMbhAlakara rkhe| anna-bhaMDAra meM manoM dhAna bharA huA hai; jaba sasura jI mA~gege, to usameM se maiM pA~ca dAne lekara lauTA duuNgii|' --yaha socakara usane una dAnoM ko khir3akI se bAhara pheMka diyA aura nizciMta ho gyii| ____ ma~jhalI putravadhu kA nAma 'bhogavatI' thaa| usane socA ki 'sasura jI ne ghara meM bharapura dhAna ke rahate hue mAtra pA~ca cAvaloM kI rakSA karane kI bAta kyoM kahI? kahIM ye dhAna camatkArI to nahIM hai?' ---yaha socakara usane ve pA~coM dhAna chIlakara khA liye| tIsarI sa~jhalI putravadhu kA nAma 'rakSikA' thA, vaha 'yathAnAma tathA guNa' thii| usane vicAra kiyA ki itane logoM ke sAmane bulAkara dhAnyakaNa dene meM jarUra koI rahasya hai, ata: prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 30 71

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inakI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakSA karanI cAhiye / ' yaha vicArakara usane ve pA~coM dAne sapheda malamala ke kapar3e meM bA~dhakara apanI ratnamaMjUSA meM rakhakara tijorI meM surakSita rakha diye / sabase choTI putravadhu kA nAma 'rohiNI' thA / vaha bar3I buddhimatI thI / usane socA ki dhAna ke dAnoM ko yadi kitanI hI surakSA meM rakhA jAye, samaya ke sAtha ye dhIre-dhIre bekAra ho jAyeMge; jabaki yadi inheM khetI karake bar3hAyA jAye, to inakI na kevala saMkhyA bar3hegI, apitu prativarSa nayI phasala hone se ye kharAba bhI nahIM ho skeNge| yaha vicArakara usane acchI varSA hone para kheta meM choTI-sI kyArI banavAkara bo diyA | paudhe taiyAra hone para unheM aura acchI kyArI meM ropavAkara unakI dekhabhAla kii| unameM pratyeka paudhe meM kaI-kaI svastha dhAna nikale / usane ve surakSita saMbhAlakara rakhe tathA agale varSa varSARtu meM unheM kheta meM phira se bo diyaa| aba aura bhI adhika kaI gune dhAna nikle| isIprakAra tIsare aura cauthe varSa bhI bone se una pA~ca dhAnoM ke kaI ghar3e bhara dhAna bana gaye / cAra varSa bAda nagaraseTha 'dhanya' ne socA ki 'patA to karU~ bahuoM ne mere dvArA diye gaye dhAna ke dAnoM kA kyA kiyA?' aisA vicArakara usane puna: sabhI parijanoM ke sAmane cAroM bahuoM ko bulvaayaa| aura eka-eka karake una bahuoM se apane dvArA diye gaye dhAna ke dAnoM ke bAre meM pUchA I bar3I bahU 'ujjhikA' bolI ki "pitAjI ! ve dAne to maiMne pheMka diye the, kyoMki ghara ke anna-bhaMDAra meM bharapUra dhAna bharA huA thA / usI meM se lekara dhAna ke pA~ca dAne maiM Apako lauTAne lAyI huuN|" usakI bAta sunakara usa seTha ne use ghara kI saphAI kA kAma sauMpa diyaa| isake bAda maMjhalI bahU 'bhogavatI' kA naMbara AyA, to usane kahA ki "pitAjI ! maiMne to ve dAne ApakA prasAda samajhakara tabhI khA liye the / " usakA uttara sunakara nagaraseTha ne use rasoIghara ke kAmoM kI z2immevArI de dI / phira sa~jhalI bahU 'rakSikA' ne apanI bArI Ane para tatkAla apanI ratnamaMjUSA se nikAlakara ve pA~coM dhAna ke dAne atyanta vinayapUrvaka apane sasura kI hathelI para rakha diye / dhAna ke dAnoM ko surakSita dekhakara bhI 'dhanya' seTha ke mana meM adhika khuzI nahIM huI, aura usane tIsarI bahU ko tijorI kI cAbiyA~ sauMpakara usakI dekhabhAla ke lie lagA diyA / anta meM choTI bahU 'rohiNI' ne dhAna ke bhare hue ghar3e lAkara arpita kiye aura pA~ca dAnoM se ghar3oM dhAna hone kA vRttAnta sunAyA / jise sunakara vaha nagaraseTha 'dhanya' atyanta harSita huA aura usa choTI bahU ko usane 'gRhasvAminI' kA pada pradAna kiyA / kisI vivekI ne isa sAre ghaTanAkrama ko dekhA aura kahA ki "kaNa- tyAgI kSaNa- tyAgI, kuto vidyA kuto dhanam / " arthAt cAhe amAja yA samaya, usakI upekSA karane vAle yA naSTa karane vAle ko na to vidyA kI prApti hotI hai aura na hI dhana milatA hai / prAkRtavidyA- julAI-sitambara 2000 00 72

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yaha eka vizvavikhyAta zikSAprada kathA hai, jo ki 'NAyAdhammakahA' nAmaka zvetAmbara jaina-graMtha meM, mUlasarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu' nAmaka bauddhagraMtha meM tathA IsAIdharma ke pavitra graMtha 'bAIbila' meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| AcAmla tapa : kAyazuddhi kA acUka sAdhana "AyaMbileNa siMbhaM khIyadi pittaM ca uvasamaM jAdi / vAdassa rakkhaNaTheM eNttha payattaM khu kAdavva / / " __ -(AcArya zivArya, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 454) AcAmla tapa (AyaMbila) se kafa' kA kSaya hotA hai, pitta' zAnta hotA hai aura 'vAta' se rakSA hotI hai| (isaprakAra zarIra ke tInoM doSoM kA nAzaka hone se) AcAmla tapa ke sevana kA prayatna karanA caahiye| ____ 'AcAmla tapa' ko prAkRta meM 'AyaMbila' kahA jAtA hai, aura isI nAma se yaha jaina samAja meM pracalita hai| isameM moTe cAvala ko pakAkara Unodara' (bhUkha se kama bhojana) ke rUpa meM namaka evaM chA~cha (maTThA) ke sAtha sevana kiyA jAtA hai| anya kucha bhI nahIM khAte haiN| lagAtAra ATha dina taka Rtu-parivartana ke samaya isakA pAlana karane se samasta zArIrika vikAroM ko naSTa karake raktazuddhi, udarazuddhi-pUrvaka zarIra phUla kI bhA~ti halkA evaM manovikAra (kAma, krodha Adi) se zUnya banAkara prasannacitta ho jAtA hai| isaprakAra yaha dharmasAdhanA meM bhI upayogI mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| isIlie ise jaina-paraMparA meM sthAna prApta hai| ___ gariSTha bAsamatI cAvala kI jagaha sAdA paramala (moTA) cAvala svAsthyavardhaka mAnA jAtA hai| Adhanika vijJAna bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI hai| paMjAba kesarI' (hindI dainika, dillI saMskaraNa, 31.10.2000) ke anusAra cAvala saMsAra ke Adhe bhAga meM mukhya bhojana ke taura para prayukta hotA hai| "cAvala halkA aura jaldI hajama ho jAne vAlA AhAra hai, jisa pAnI se yaha pakAyA jAtA hai, vaha ghola (mAMDa) bhI upayogI hotA hai| tIna hajAra varSa pahale hamAre deza kI saMskRta-pustakoM meM jikra thA ki mAMDa zizuoM ke atisAra (dastaroga) meM phAyadA pahu~cAtA hai| pazcima ke vaijJAnikoM ne Aja usakI puSTi kI hai| eka lITara pAnI meM do muTThI cAvala, eka cammaca namaka ke sAtha pakAkara jo patalA mAMDa taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha zizuoM ke 'atisAra' roga meM kAma AtA hai| - nyUyArka meM eka adhyayana se patA calA hai ki cAvala se raktacApa ke sAtha-sAtha vajana bhI kama kiyA jA sakatA hai| jApAnI vaijJAnikoM ne pAyA hai ki cAvala aMtar3I meM avAMchita kailziyama ko sokha letA hai aura mUtrAzaya meM patharI nahIM hone detaa| eka sarvekSaNa se patA calA hai ki jo loga jyAdA cAvala khAte haiM, unheM kolona, braisTa tathA prAsTreTa kaiMsara nahIM hotaa| bhUrA athavA moTA cAvala pAlizadAra bArIka cAvala ke mukAbale adhika lAbhakArI hotA hai|" ** prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 4073

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prAkRta-saTTakoM meM prakRti-citraNa -DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina mahAkavi rAjazekhara (9vIM sadI) kI karpUramajarI, nayacandra (14vIM sadI) kI rambhAmajjarI, rudradAsa (17vIM sadI) kI candralekhA, mArkaNDeya (17vIM sadI) kI vilAsavatI. vizvezvara (18vIM sadI) kI zRMgAramaJjarI aura ghanazyAma (18vIM sadI) kRta AnandasundarI --ye chaha prAkRta-nATikAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM, jinheM saTTaka ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| saTTaka yaha zabda kisase vikasita huA, bahuta samaya taka vidvAn manISiyoM ke liye carcA kA viSaya banA rhaa| bhASA meM isake lie 'sATaka, zATaka tathA sADika' zabda prayukta milate haiN| sarvaprathama bharahuta stUpa (200I0pU0) meM 'sADika' pada nRtya' ke artha meM prayukta huA milatA hai| sambhavata: yaha sADika' hI kAlAntara meM vikasita hokara 'saTTaka' ke rUpa meM parivartita huA ho| kAvyazAstrakAroM kI dRSTi meM saTTaka' kyA hai? --yaha jAna lenA adhika upayogI hai| 'nATikA' se sAmya rakhanevAlI, prAkRtabhASA meM nibaddha, viSkambhaka' aura 'pravezaka' se rahita racanA ko rAjazekhara saTTaka' batalAte haiN| abhinavagupta (1050 ke lagabhaga) 'saTTaka' meM zRMgAra rasa ko atyanta upayogI mAnate haiN| kavirAja vizvanAtha (14vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha) 'saTTaka' use mAnate haiM, jisakI sampUrNa racanA prAkRta meM ho, pravezaka' tathA viSkambhaka' jahA~ na hoM, pracura adbhutarasa ho, jisake aMkoM kA nAma javanikA' ho tathA jisameM anya vizeSatAyeM 'nATikA' ke sadRza hotI haiN| isaprakAra uparyukta vidvAn AcAryoM ke mantavyoM se spaSTa hai ki 'saTTaka' vaha hai, jisameM viSkambhaka' tathA pravezaka' kA abhAva hotA hai, prAkRta kA prakRSTa prayoga hotA hai, aMka ke lie javanikAntara' zabda prayukta hotA hai tathA 'nATikA' se sAdRzya rakhane ke kAraNa saTTaka kI bhI kathAvastu kavi-kalpita hotI hai, nAyaka prakhyAtavaMzI dhIralalita hotA hai| isameM aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM bhaMgArarasa kA samAveza hotA hai, rAjakulotpanna jyeSThA nAyikA (mahAdevI) tathA kaniSThA nAyikA (pariNAyikA) kI yojanA hotI hai| rambhAmaJjarI ko chor3akara uparyukta samasta saTTaka kAlpanika itivRtta para AdhArita haiN| kaizikIvRtti ke anukUla vividha vidhAsampanna zRMgArarasa inameM pradhAna hai| kahIM-kahIM 0074 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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prAkRta nATikAoM meM adbhutarasa ke sanniveza ke sAtha hI 'raudra' evaM 'zAMtarasa' kI bhI jhalaka milatI hai / prAya: sabhI saTTakoM kA eka-sA uddezya - praNayakathA varNita karanA / Aja hI nahIM, pUrva meM bhI striyA~ apane adhikAroM ke prati barAbara sajaga rahatI thIM / nATaka-kartAoM ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM vizeSakara saTTakoM meM jahA~ agramahiSI pragalbhA nAyikA mahAdevI ko mahArAja ke praNaya-prasaMga meM kaThora tathA bAdhaka varNita kiyA hai; vahIM unhoMne use apane pati kI hitacintikA bhI dikhalAyA hai / vahI agramahiSI mahArAja ke 1 cakravartitva kI upalabdhi-hetu apanI mamerI, cacerI athavA mauserI bahana jo navayauvanA tathA advitIya sundarI hai, ke sAtha unakA vivAha - sambandha karAne meM pazcAt apanI saharSa svIkRti de detI hai / pAThaka vidvajjanoM meM 'karpUramaJjarI' saTTaka hI adhika lokapriya hai| agramahiSI dvArA gaurI kI pratimA banavAkara bhairavAnanda guru dvArA usameM prANa-pratiSThA karavAnA, svayaM dIkSA lenA, bhairavAnanda se dakSiNA lene kA Agraha karanA, dakSiNAsvarUpa mahArAja ko dhanasAramaMjarI-karpUramaMjarI ko sauMpA jAnA jahA~ isa saTTaka meM vizeSa hai; vahIM 'zrRMgAramaJjarI' saTTaka meM khAsakara gAndharva vivAha ke mAdhyama se mahArAja rAjazekhara ko 'zrRMgAramaJjarI' ko aMgIkAra karanA kavi vizvezvara kI nUtana kalpanA ko ujAgara karatA hai| dUsarI ora abhizApa ke kAraNa rAkSasI kA honA, abhizApa kI samApti para Azrama jaise punIta - sa para maNimAlinI dvArA chor3e jAne kI ghaTanA Adi bhI 'zrRMgAramaJjarI' kI maulikatA ko darzAtA hai| isaprakAra ina saTTakoM meM jahA~ vastu, netA (lAne vAle) aura rasa kA saphala citraNa milatA hai; vahIM ina prAkRta nATikAoM meM prakRti-citraNa bhI bar3A hI sajIva, AkarSaka evaM manohArI bana par3A hai| -sthala prakRti evaM mAnava 1 prakRti mAnava kI cirasaMginI rahI hai| mAnava kA prakRti kI goda meM hI lAlana-pAlana hotA hai| use jIvana kI pratyeka suvidhA prakRti se hI upalabdha hotI hai / ata: prakRti ke prati usakA prema svAbhAvika hai| prakRti ne vizva meM aise divya-saundarya kA sRjana kiyA hai, jisakA AbhAsa mAnava ko vana, parvata, nadI, nirjhara, paza-pakSI Adi meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / isIkAraNa vaha kabhI uSA kI rAga-raMjita saundarya se anurakta hotA huA dikhalAyI detA hai, to kabhI sandhyA kI nIla - pIta mizrita aruNimA meM Atmavibhora ho uThatA hai / kabhI zarada ke surabhitahAsa meM magna ho thiraka uThatA hai, to kabhI vasantazrI kI suSamA meM vaha apanI sudha-budha kho baiThatA hai / prakRti kA yahI anUThA saundarya mAnava ko haThAt AkRSTa karatA rahA hai| prakRti hI vaha cira nUtana tattva hai, jo mAnava ko sAhityika jagat kI nitya navInatA pradAna karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya vAGmaya meM prakRti kaviyoM dvArA sadaiva samAdRta rahI hai / prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara 2000 75

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kAvya meM prakRti kA upayoga aneka rUpoM meM dRSTigata hotA hai, jise yahA~ nimnalikhita pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / ve haiM-- (1) Alambana ke rUpa meM, (2) alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM, (3) uddIpana ke rUpa meM, (4) mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM aura (5) naitika upadeza-prakAzana ke rUpa meM / prAkRta saTTakoM meM prAya: ukta mAnya samasta rUpoM ke AdhAra para prakRti-nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai; jaise ki : 1. prakRti kA Alambana ke rUpa meM citraNa prakRti kA Alambana rUpa vahA~ mAnA jAtA hai, jahA~ kavi prakRti ke ananya saundarya meM kho jaaye| isaprakAra ke varNana meM prakRti kI pratipAdya hotI hai / " caMcalasaMta kalamaggima maMjarIjaM, NIDaM bhaaMti Naha saMgamamaMDalAI / vio - vihurA visiNI - dalammi, kaMdaMti maMdakaruNaM sarako - a- loA / / " 2. prakRti kA alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM citraNa kavi jaba prAkRtika upAdAnoM kA upamA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM ke rUpa meM upayoga karatA hai, taba prakRti alaMkAra ke rUpa meM vyavahRta mAnI jAtI hai| prAkRta-nATikAoM meM kavi ne prakRti se upamAna lekara apane kAvya ko bakhUbI alaMkRta kiyA hai / yahA~ katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM, jaise ki AnandasundarI meM-- "he rAjana ! Apake mitragaNa cakravAka - mithuna ke sadRza prasanna ho rahe haiM aura zatruoM kA samudAya cakora - samUha kI bhA~ti khinna ho rahA hai; Apako dekhanevAle darzakoM ke pApa ke samAna andhakAra-puMja dUra ho rahA hai tathA samyak unmIlita sUrya kI bhA~ti loka meM ApakA pratApa durprakSya ho rahA hai" "phAraM NaMdaha cakkavAa-mihuNaM baghukkaro de jahA, jIvaM jIva- gaNo visUrai tahA tujjhAri- jUhaM jh| daTThUNaM tuha pAaaM via gaaM dUraM tamissaMkuraM, dukkha bhuvane bhavaM jaha tahA sUro samummIlai / / " yahA~ kavi ne rAjA kI prazaMsA meM vibhinna upamAnoM ke lie upamrAlaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'mukha candramA ke samAna, netrayugala ketakI - puSpa ke sadRza, lambI bhujAyeM latA kI bhA~ti, dantapaMkti kA saundarya kundapuSpa ke samAna hai-- "muhaM caMdAAraM NaaNajualaM kedaaNihaM / ladA-dIhA bAhA raaNa- susamAkuMdasarisI / / " yahA~ kavi ne nAyikA ke vibhinna aMgoM ke saundarya kA varNana upamAnoM ke lie upamAlaMkAra prayukta kiyA hai| 0076 prAkRtavidyA+ julAI-sitambara '2000

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karpUramaJjarI aura caMdalehA nATikA ke nimna zloka bhI paThanIya haiM :(1) "lAvaNNaM NavajaccakaMcaNaNihaM NettANa diihttnnN| kaNNehiM khalidaM kavolaphalaA dokhNddcNdovmaa|| esA paMcasareNa saMjidadhaNUdaDeNa rkkhijje| jeNaM sosaNa-mohaNappahudiNo bijhaMti maM mggnnaa||" (2) "NettaM kaMdoTThamittaM aharamaNi-siri baMdhujIeNkkabaMdhU / vANI pIUsa-veNI NavapuliNa-ala-tthora-biMbo nniaNbo|| gattaM lAaNNa-sottaM ghnn-shinn-bhrccNt-dujhNt-mjjhN| uttehiM kiM bahUhiM jiNai maha cirA jamma-phullaM phalillaM / / " 3. prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa meM citraNa prAkRti kA saundarya anekarUpoM meM mAnava ko uddIpta karatA hai, vizeSakara premiyoM ke sAhacarya aura viyoga meM prakRti unheM viziSTarUpa se uddIpta karatI hai| AnandasundarI saTTaka ke dvitIya javanikAntara meM jaba vaitAlika madhyAhna kI udghoSaNA ke sAtha nAyikA ke saundarya kA varNana karate haiM, taba nAyikA ke viyoga meM pIr3ita rAjA kA santApa madhyAhna velA kI udghoSaNA se aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtA hai aura vaha vidUSaka se kaha par3atA hai-- "mitra, isa virahAvasthA meM nAyikA ke saundarya-varNana ke sAtha madhyAhna kI udghoSaNA vRzcika-vedanA ke samAna asahya hai" "vaassa biMchua-vedaNA-dUsahaM viraha-dahaNa-saMdIvaNajjaM khu baMdijaNa-vaNNaNaM / yahA~ para nAyaka aura nAyikA kI virahAvasthA spaSTa darzita hai aura madhyAhna kI udghoSaNA uddIpanabhAva hai| karpUramajarI ke dvitIya javanikAntara ke prArambha meM hI AtA hai ki rAjA karpUramaJjarI kI yAda meM vihala hai aura usake saundarya kI bArambAra prazaMsA karatA hai| tabhI vidUSaka aura vicakSaNA A jAte haiN| rAjA ko vicakSaNA karpUramaJjarI dvArA likhita eka ketakIpatralekha detI hai| saTTaka 'caMdalehA' meM bhI aisA hI milatA hai| vahA~ rAjA mAnaveda nAyikA ke aMga-saundarya kA smaraNa kara vihala ho jAtA hai| vidUSaka rAjA ko candralekhA kA hastalikhita patra detA hai| isaprakAra prAkRta-saTTakoM meM prakRti kA vividha saundarya mAnava-mana ko pratipala uddIpta karatA huA tatpara dRSTigocara hotA hai| jahA~ nAyaka eka aura navoDhA nAyikA se milana ke lie Atura dikhalAyI detA hai, vahIM nAyikA bhI nAyaka se milane ke lie utanI hI utAvalI dRSTigocara hotI hai| vasantAgamana ke avasara para virahiNI kI dazA kA citraNa isakA spaSTa pramANa hai| rambhAmaJjarI saTTaka meM nimna viraha-citraNa dekhiye vasanta ke Agamana para jisakA pati videza gayA huA hai, vaha virahiNI kaise jIvita prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 1077

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raha sakegI? use mRgAMka-candra sAMka ke samAna pratIta hotA hai, zItala malayAnila deha ko santapta karatA hai| kokila kI kUka raudra mAlUma hotI hai, kAmadeva ke bANa jIvana ko apaharaNa karane vAle jAna par3ate haiN| becArI virahiNI ko rAtri meM eka kSaNa bhI nIMda nahIM AtI"mayaMko sappaMko malayapavaNA dehatavaNA, kuhU-saddo ruddo sumasasarA jiividhraa| varAiyaM rAI uvajaNai Niddammi Na khaNaM, kahaM hA jIvisse iha virahiyA dUra phiyaa|" ___ AnandasundarI saTTaka ke tRtIya javanikAntara meM vivAhotsava ke uparAnta rAjA zRMgAravana meM praviSTa hotA hai aura nAnAvidha vRkSoM ko khilA huA dekhatA hai, taba vaha uddIpta hokara nAyikA ko bhI vividha prakAra ke puSpoM ke samAna AhlAdakArI batalAte hue dhUrta vyakti kI bhA~ti satata AliMgana kI icchA prakaTa karatA hai "paasi ! dadaMto sorabbhaM vividha-kusumANaM suharN| karaMto vIsaddhaM kurala-siaANaM taralaNaM / / kiraMto sIdAI salilakaNa-jAlAi suaho| jagappANo dhutto vijha sadadamAliMgai tumaM / / " yahA~ para nAyaka aura nAyikA kI saMyogAvasthA hai aura vRkSa Adi uddIpana haiN| 4.mAbavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM prakRti kA citraNa prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa rUpa vahA~ dRSTigocara hotA hai, jahA~ kavi mAnava-vyavahAra ko prakRti para Aropita karatA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki mAnava ke kriyAkalApa kA jaba kavi usI rUpa meM varNana prakRti ke lie bhI karatA hai, taba vaha prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM citraNa kahalAtA hai| AnandasundarI saTTaka ke tRtIya javanikAntara meM mandAraka kA yaha kathana - "eso elA-ladAligiMdo lavaMgadarU" arthAt 'yaha elAlatA se Aligita lavagaMtara hai| - mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM prakRti ke citraNa kI jhalaka prastuta karatA hai; kAraNa ki AliMgana ityAdi kriyAkalApa to mAnava jagat meM hI dRSTigata hote haiM, na ki prakRti meM; kintu yahA~ kavi ne ilAyacI-latA ko lavaMgavRkSa se AliMgita batalAyA hai, jo mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM prakRti ke citraNa ko darzAtA hai| anya saTTakoM meM bhI aise prasaMgoM ko khojA jA sakatA 5.baitika upadeza-prakAzanArtha prakRti kA citraNa upadeza-prakAzana ko dRSTi meM rakhakara jaba kavi prakRti kA citraNa karatA hai, taba vaha naitika upadeza-prakAzana ke rUpa meM prakRti kA citraNa kahalAtA hai| jaiseki AnandasundarI saTTaka meM navIna adhikArI se utpanna huA bhaya pUrvAdhikArI ko adhika vyAkula karatA hai| 0078 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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isakA upadeza kavi ne candrodaya byAja se isaprakAra prastuta kiyA hai "candra ke bhaya se kiMcit prabhA se yukta yaha sUrya apanI dIna kiraNoM ke sAtha kathamapi pazcima dizA kI ora vaise hI jA rahA hai, jaise navIna adhikArI ke bhaya se nirantara vyAkula pUrvAdhikArI apane bandhuoM ke sAtha kisI grAma ke lie prasthAna kara detA hai" "eso caMda-bhaeNa vAsara-maNI kiNcipphaa-cuNbio| dINehiM kiraNehi kehi vi samaM jAdo disaM vAruNiM / / gAmaM kiMvi nnvaahiaari-jnnid-taasaannis-vvaaulo| baMdhUhiM caidehi jAda-sAhido puvvAhiArI jaha / / " isIprakAra mitrahIna hone para kauna kise santuSTa karatA hai? tathA bhAgya ke viparIta hone vAle kI loka meM kauna gaNanA karatA hai? koI nhiiN| isI tathya ko kavi ne sUryAsta citraNa ke mAdhyama se nimna prakAra udghATita kiyA hai-- ___ sUrya ke cale jAne para kamalinI mlAna-mukha ho jAtI hai tathA bhramarapaMkti kamala kA parityAga kara detI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki bhramarAvalI sUrya ke asta hone ke bAda kamala para gUMjanA chor3a detI hai, isIprakAra mitrahIna hone para use kauna santuSTa kara sakatA hai aura jisakA bhAgya hI viparIta ho, to loka meM usakI kauna gaNanA karatA hai? "gae diNese NaliNI milANA, ko NAma saMdussai mitthiinno| paMkeruhaM Takkai bhiMgupAlI, gacchaMta maggaM bhuvi ko gnnei||" AnandasundarI se vyatirikta anya prAkRta nATikAoM meM bhI katipaya padya haiM, jinameM naitika upadezoM kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| inameM kaviyoM dvArA prayukta sUktiyoM evaM sahaja samAgata muhAvaroM meM bhI naitika upadeza bhare par3e haiN| ___ isa taraha niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vividha rUpoM meM varNita prakRti-citraNa kI dRSTi se 'prAkRta saTTaka' pUrNata: saphala haiN| sandarbhagraMtha-sUcI 1. "sADika saMmadaM turaM devAnaM / " -- bharahuta, pR0 75, (DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra, bhopAla 1971) 2. dra0 caMdalehA, bhUmikA, pR0 29 (DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1945, prathama saMskaraNa) 3. vRttavartiSyamANAnAM kathAMzAnAM nidarzakaH / saMkSepArthastu viSkambho mdhympaatrpryojitH|| -(dazarUpaka 1/56) 4. tadevAnudAttoktyA niicpaatrpryojit:| pravezo tadvadevAtra shessaarthsthopsuuckH|| -(vahI, 1/60) 5. so saTTao tti bhaNNai dUraM jo NADiAI annuhri| kiM uNa etya pavesaa-vikkaMbhAI Na kevalaM hoti|| -(karpUmaJjarI, 1/6) 6. dra0 saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 104 (DaoN0 esa0ke0De0 anu0 mAyArAma prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 79

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zarmA, paTanA, 1973, prathama sNskrnn)| tathA bhojakRta zRMgAraprakAza, pR0 524 para uddhRta : tathAhi zRgArarase sAtizayopayoginI prAkRtabhASeti saTTaka : / karpUramaMjaryAkhya: rAjazekhareNa tanmAtra eva nibaddhaH / / 7. saTTakaM prAkRtAzeSapAThyaM syaadprveshkm| na ca viSkambho'tra pracurazcAdbhuto rasaH / / aMkA javanikAkhyA: syu: syAdanyannATikA samam / / -(sAhitya darpaNa, 6/206) 8. dra0 AnandasundarI, pR0 58 (saM0 -DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye, banArasa, 1955, prathama saMskaraNa) tathA- vastuprakaraNAnnATakAnnAyako nRpaH / prakhyAto dhIralalita: zRMgArouMgIsalakSaNa: / / strIprAyacaturaMgadibhedakaM yadi cessyte| ekdvivyNgpaatraadibhedenaanntruuptaa|| devI tatra bhavejjyeSThA pragalbhA nRpvNshjaa| gambhIrA mAninI kRcchrAttadvazAnnetRsaMgamaH / / nAyikA tAdRzI mugdhA divyA cAtimanoharA / anta:purAdisambandhAdAsannA zrutidarzanaiH / / anurAgo navAvastho netustasyAM ythottrm| netA tatra pravarteta devItrAsena shNkit| kaizikya>>zcaturbhizca yuktAkairiva naattikaa|| -(dazarUpaka, 3/43-48) 9. nizcinto dhIralalita: kalAsakta: sukhI mRduH| -(dazarUpaka, 2/3) 10. yauvanAndhA smaronmattA pragalbhA dayitAGke / viliiymaanevaanndaadrtaarmbhe'pycetnaa|| -(vahI, 218) 11. mugdhA navavaya: kAmA rate vAmA mRdu: krudhi| -(vahI, 216) 12. saTTakaM pracurazcAdbhuto rs:| --sAhityadarpaNa 6/276, AnandasundarI 2/3 tathA vahI 125 dekhie raudra evaM zAntarasa ke udAharaNa) 13. AnandasundarI, 1/181 14. vahI, 2/151 15. karpUramaJjarI, 4/41 16. AnandasundarI, 3/181 17. vahI, 1/101 18. vahI, 1/241 19. karpUramaJjarI, 1/321 20. caMdalehA, 2/31 21. AnandasundarI, pR0 301 22. karpUramaJjarI 2/7 : kedaIkusumapattasaMpuDaM pAhudaM tua sahIa pesidN| eNaNAhimasibaNNasohiNA taM siloajualeNa laMchidaM / / 23. dra0 prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 419 / 24. rambhAmaJjarI, 1/401 25. AnandasundarI, 3/16 / 26. vahI, pR0 401 27. vahI, 3/171 28. vahI, 3/191 1080 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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'pavayaNasAra' ke maMgalAcaraNa kA samIkSAtmaka mUlyAMkana -zrImatI raMjanA jaina kundakunda Adi mahAn AcAryoM ke graMtha Adhunika zailI ke vicArakoM kI vicAra-saraNi meM unake gAmbhIryapUrNa arthabodha kA udghATana karane ke lie varNya-viSaya bana rahe haiM --yaha atyanta sukhada santoSa kA viSaya hai| mAtra prazaMsA ke lie kisI kI prazaMsA ke gIta gAnA yA phira prAcIna AcAryoM ke graMthoM ko mAtra AlocanA kA viSaya banAkara apanA pAMDitya pradarzana karanA ye donoM hI prakAra vaiduSya kI pratiSThita paramparA se bAhara haiN| tathyoM para AdhArita gaveSaNApUvarNa ciMtana evaM saMtulita lekhana hI hamAre mahanIya AcAryoM ke pratipAdya ko yuga kI mA~ga ke anurUpa prastuta kara skegaa| saMbhavata: yaha prayAsa isa dizA meM prathama to nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu svAgatayogya avazya hai| pravacanasAra' graMtha jainadarzanazAstra kA sarvopari pratinidhi-graMtha hai| isake maMgalAcaraNa para AdhArita yaha laghu Alekha paraMparita evaM Adhunika --donoM vargoM ke vicArakoM ko AkarSaNa kA pAtra hogA --aisA vizvAsa hai| -sampAdaka zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA meM racita digambara jaina-paramparA ke Agama-sAhitya meM AcArya kundakunda praNIta 'pavayaNasAra' graMtha kA advitIya sthAna hai| isake nAmakaraNa ke anusAra ise do paribhASAoM se paribhASita kiyA jAtA hai| prathama paribhASA meM ise pravacana' arthAt jinendra bhagavAn kI divyadhvani' kA sArAMza mAnA jAtA hai| aura dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra pravacana' arthAt 'dvAdazAMgI jinavANI' kA 'sAra' arthAt nicor3a' bhI ise batAyA jAtA hai| isake vartamAna svarUpa kA avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ukta donoM paribhASAyeM ghaTanAtmaka tathya kI dRSTi se bhale hI pramANAbhAva meM asaMdigdha na kahI jA sakeM; phira bhI isake upalabdha svarUpa ke paripekSya meM ise inake samakakSa avazya rakhA jA sakatA hai| isake isa vyApakarUpa kI saMkSipta jhalaka isa graMtha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM bhI dRSTigata hotI hai; jisakA saMkSipta samIkSaNa yahA~ prastuta hai| maMgalAcaraNa kA vaiziSTya "zreyomArgasya saMsiddhi: prsaadaatprmesstthin:| ityAhustadguNastotraM zAstrAdau munipuMgavA: / / " prAkRtavidyA+julAI-sitambara 2000 LU 81

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arihaMta parameSThI ke prasAda se mokSamArga kI siddhi hotI hai| isaliye (prAya: sabhI) pradhAna-muniyoM ne zAstra ke prAraMbha meM arihaMta parameSThI ke guNoM kI stuti kI hai| vyutpattijanya artha ___ maMgala se tAtparya hai-- "maMgaM sukhaM lAti iti maMgalaM" arthAt jo maMga' arthAt 'sukha' kI prApti karAye, vaha maMgala' hai| eka anya vyutpatti ke anusAra "mam gAlayati iti mNglN|" arthAt jo mam' arthAt pApoM ko galAtA hai, vaha maMgala hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke uddezya "nAstikatva-parihAra: ziSTAcAra-prapAlanam / puNyAvAptizca nirvina: zAstrAdau tena sNstuti:||" artha:- nAstikatA kA parityAga, sabhyapuruSoM ke AcaraNa kA pAlana, puNya kI prApti aura vighna kA vinAza - ina cAra lAbhoM ke liye kisI kArya ke AraMbha meM iSTa-devatA kI stuti kI jAtI hai| ina cAra ke atirikta graMtha kA uddeza-kathana' bhI maMgalAcaraNa meM kiye jAne se ise bhI isakA aMga mAna liyA jAtA hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke uddezya evaM 'pavayaNasAra' AcAryapravara kundakunda-praNIta 'pavayaNasAra' graMtha meM kiye gaye maMgalAcaraNa meM ina sabhI uddezyoM kA paripAlana kiyA gayA hai| 1. sarvaprathama AcArya ne iSTadevatA ke rUpa meM zAsananAyaka carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn varddhamAna svAmI ko namaskAra kiyA hai| 2. jo acche guNoM evaM guNI vyaktiyoM meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai, jo Atmatattva meM AsthA rakhatA hai, use 'Astika' kahate haiN| aura isake viparIta AcaraNavAle vyakti ko 'nAstika' kahA jAtA hai| cUMki AcArya kundakunda ne varddhamAna svAmI evaM paMcAcAra Adi guNoM se yukta parameSThiyoM meM AsthA evaM sAmyabhAva kI prApti rakhI hai; ata: nAstikatA kA parihAra ho jAtA hai| 3. ziSTAcAra se abhiprAya hai-- "nahi kRtamupakAraM sAdhavo vismaranti" arthAt kiye gaye upakAra ko sajjana loga kabhI nahIM bhuulte| ve usa upakArI vyakti ke pIche sadaiva kRtajJatA kA bhAva rakhate haiN| cUMki jaina-paramparA meM dharmatIrtha kA pravartaka zAsananAyaka tIrthaMkara ko hI mAnA jAtA hai| ata: zAsananAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM unake dharmatIrtha kA ullekha karake AcArya ne yaha saMketa diyA hai ki inake dharmatIrtha ke pravartana ke kAraNa hI zramaNa-paramparA evaM kundakunda ko dharmatattva kA bodha huA hai| yadyapi vartamAna kAlakhaNDa meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva hI jainadharma ke mUla pravartaka hue haiM tathA unake bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pahile 22 tIrthaMkara aura huye haiN| kiMtu vartamAna meM 00 82 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hI zAsana pravartamAna hai yaha abhiprAya yahA~ grahaNa karanA caahie| 4. isa graMtha kI prApti hameM paripUrNa graMtha ke rUpa meM hotI hai, ata: isakI racanA nirvighna huI hai --aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| graMtha-racanA se puNya kI prApti honA to svAbhAvika hI hai| 5. isa graMtha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM kundakunda ne apanA vaiyaktika uddezya bhI batAyA hai ki "maiM sAmyabhAva ke dvArA nirvANa prApta kruuN|" maMgalAcaraNa gAthAoM kA vizleSaNa 1. Adarza-paramparA kA pAlana - isa graMtha kI prAraMbhika pAMca gAthAoM meM kundakunda ne paMcaparameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke mUlagraMtha 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' meM bhI paMcaparameSThiyoM ko hI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usI paramparA kA pAlana kundakunda ne bhI kiyA hai| 2. zAsananAyakatva - isa samaya zAsananAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM, kyoMki jainaparamparA meM jaba taka agalA tIrthaMkara nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka vigata tIrthaMkara ko hI zAsananAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne arihaMta parameSThI ke rUpa meM zAsananAyaka tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra svAmI ko nAmollekhapUrvaka namaskAra kiyA hai-- "paNamAmi vaDDhamANaM titthaM dhammassa kattAraM / " 3. trilokapUjyatA - AcArya ne varddhamAna svAmI ko namaskAra karate huye unakI trilokapUjyatA bhI jJApita kI hai| 'surAsuramaNusiMda-vaMdidaM' arthAt jo surendroM-asurendroM evaM narendroM ke dvArA vaMdita haiM, aise bhagavAn mahAvIra ko maiM praNAma karatA huuN| 4.dhoda-ghAdikammamalaM - arthAt jinhoMne karmarUpI mala ko dho DAlA hai', yaha kahakara AcArya ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vItarAgI sarvajJa evaM anaMta catuSTaya se yukta batAyA hai| tathA zeSa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| paMcaparameSThI ko bamaba cauthI gAthA meM Agata 'arihaMtANaM' zabda se jJAta hotA hai ki kundakunda ne samasta arihaMtoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM zAsananAyaka varddhamAna tIrthaMkara ko namaskAra kiyA hai| 'visuddhasabhAve sasavasiddhe yaha kahakara AcArya ne vizuddha-svabhAvavAle sabhI siddhoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| 'samaNe' - isa pada ke dvArA paMcAcAra-yukta sabhI zramaNoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| 'zramaNa' zabda se abhiprAya AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu -- ina tInoM parameSThiyoM se hai| kyoMki dIkSA ke rUpa meM tInoM 'sAdhu parameSThI' hI kahalAte haiN| sAmAnyata: AcArya parameSThI ko paMcAcAra-parAyaNa' kahA jAtA hai; lekina kundakunda ne tInoM parameSThiyoM ko prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 1083

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paMcAcAra-yukta kahA hai| aura tInoM ko yugapat praNAma kiyA hai| tathA isake pazcAt tInoM ko alaga-alaga bhI namaskAra kiyA hai / prastuta maMgalAcaraNa meM Agata anya viziSTa tathya AcArya kundakunda ne paMcaparameSThiyoM ko namaskAra karane ke uparAMta sabhI ko pRthak-pRthak bhI namaskAra kiyA hai / ve Age likhate haiM ki manuSya-kSetra meM vidyamAna arihaMtoM ko namaskAra ho, isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne videha - kSetra meM vidyamAna bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| eka vizeSa bAta yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne AcArya parameSThI ke sthAna para 'gaNadhara ' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| cUMki jaina - paramparA meM 'gaNadhara' zabda 'tIrthaMkara ke pradhAna ziSya' ke rUpa meM artha rUr3ha hai; ata: yahAM yaha bhrama saMbhava hai ki AcArya ne anya AcAryoM ko praNAma na karake mAtra gaNadhara ko hI praNAma kiyA hai, lekina aisA nahIM hai / yahA~ prayukta 'gaNadhara' zabda AcArya kA hI vAcaka hai, kyoMki 'gaNa' kA artha 'samUha' yA saMgha' hai aura usa samUha ko dhAraNa karanevAlA saMghapati 'AcArya' hI hotA hai / ata: 'gaNadhara ' pada ke dvArA samasta AcAryoM ko hI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| 1 eka vizeSa bAta aura dekhane ko milatI hai ki sAmAnyataH maMgalAcaraNa ke aMta meM graMthakAra graMtha yA usake viSaya ke bAre meM ullekha karatA hai, kiMtu yahAM kundakunda ne apane bhaviSya kI kArya-yojanA kA saMketa kara ekadama naI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai| aMta meM ve kahate haiM ki "vizuddha jJAnadarzana jJAna - pradhAna Azrama ko prApta karake maiM sAmyabhAva ko prApta karU~, jisase nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai" "tesiM visuddha - daMsaNa - NANa - pahANAsamaM samArsejja / uvasaMpayAmi sammaM jatto NivvANa-saMpattI / / " lekina sUkSma se vicAra karane para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yahAM bhI AcArya ne graMtha ke varNya viSaya kA hI saMketa diyA hai, na ki vaiyaktika yojanA kA / aura isase maMgalAcaraNa ke pAMcave uddezya - 'uddeza- kathana' kI bhI pUrti hotI hai| kyoMki nirvANa kI prApti ke liye yahI mArga uttama hai, aura isI kA pratipAdana isa graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai / - kaSAya va nokaSAya azubhamana hai " rAgo doso moho, hAssAdI NokasAya pariNAmo / thUlo vA sumo vA asuhamaNo tti ya jiNA viMti / / " - (AcArya kundakunda, bArasaaNurvekkhA, 52 ) artha :- rAga, dveSa, moha evaM hAsyAdi nokaSAya ke sthUla athavA sUkSma pariNAmoM vAlA jIva 'azubhamanavAlA' hai - aisA jinendra bhagavAn kA kathana hai / ** 00 84 prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara '2000

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'prAcIna bhArata' pustaka meM kucha aura bhrAmaka kathana -rAjamala jaina 'rASTrIya zaikSika anusaMdhAna evaM prazikSaNa pariSad' (NCERT) ke dvArA gyArahavIM kakSA ke lie itihAsa-pAThyakrama meM nirdhArita pustaka 'prAcIna bhArata' meM jainadharma, saMskRti evaM paramparA ke viSaya meM anekoM tathyaviruddha nirAdhAra pUrvAgrahI nirUpaNa milate haiN| anekatra to bhASika ziSTatA kI maryAdA kA bhI khulA ullaMghana lekhaka ne kiyA hai| gaveSI vidvAn zrI rAjamala jaina ne isa viSaya meM AdhAra-sahita pahile bhI bahuta kucha likhA hai aura yaha lekha unhoMne 'avaziSTa bhramoM kA sAdhAra nirAkaraNa' kI dRSTi se 'prAkRtavidyA' meM prakAzanArtha bhejA hai| AzA hai isa viSaya meM yahA~ prastuta Alekha ke tathya jijJAsu evaM vivekazIla pAThakoM ke lie upayogI jAnakArI dekara isa dizA meM sakriyatA pradAna kara skeNge| -sampAdaka uparyukta pustaka kI sAmagrI kA adhyayana karane se yaha tathya sAmane AyA hai ki lekhaka ne aneka bhrAmaka bAteM prAcIna itihAsa meM jaina-yogadAna ke saMbaMdha meM likhI haiM jo ki kizora vidyArthiyoM ko bhrama meM DAla sakatI haiN| aisI kucha bAtoM ke saMbaMdha meM NCERT tathA vidvAnoM kA dhAna isa ora AkarSita kiyA jAtA hai| 1. vaidika bharata ke nAma para bhAratavarSa bahIM __ zrI vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, adhyakSa, bhArata vidyA vibhAga, banArasa vizvavidyAlaya ne bharata se bhArata kI tIna vyutpattiyA~ batAI thiiN| eka to agni (bharata) se, dUsarI duSyanta ke putra bharata se aura tIsarI manu (bharata) se| vicArAdhIna pustaka ke dUsare hI pRSTha para zrI zarmA ne likhA hai--bhArata ke loga ekatA ke lie prayatnazIla rhe| unhoMne isa vizAla upamahAdvIpa ko eka akhaMDa deza smjhaa| sAre deza ko bharata nAmaka eka prAcIna vaMza ke nAma para bhAratavarSa (arthAt bharatoM kA deza) nAma diyA aura isa deza ke nivAsiyoM ko bhAratasantati khaa|" / uparyukta lekhaka ne apratyakSa rUpa se yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki vedoM meM bharata nAma AyA hai aura usIke nAma para yaha deza bhArata kahalAtA hai| yaha nAma kise diyA gayA, yaha unhoMne spaSTa nahIM kiyaa| vedoM meM agni ko bharata kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha anna Adi pakAne meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa sabakA bharaNa-poSaNa karatI hai| isa prakAra agni prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000 0085

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ke ma bharata ko yaha zreya diyA jAtA hai ki isa kalpita bharata ke nAma para yaha deza bhArata kahalAtA hai| agni ke saMbaMdha meM zrI agravAla ne likhA thA, "Rgveda meM hI agni ko bharata kahA gayA hai, ... agni bharata hai; kyoMki vaha prajAoM ko bharatI hai| deza meM jahA~-jahA~ agni phailatI hai. prajAyeM usakI anugAmI hokara usa pradeza meM bhara jAtI haiM... isa prakAra samagra bhUmi bharata agni kA vyApaka kSetra bana gaI aura yahI bharatakSetra bhArata kahalAyA / " isa vyAkhyA ko purANoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura RSabha ke putra bharata ke nAma para bhArata svIkAra kiyA / dUsarI vyutpatti manu bharata ke saMbaMdha meM unhoMne likhA thA ki prAcIna anuzruti ke anusAra "saba prajAoM kA bharaNa karane aura unheM janma dene ke kAraNa manu ko bharata kahA gyaa| nAma kI usa nirukti ke anusAra yaha varSa bhArata kahalAyA ... Rgveda kAla meM bharata AryoM kI eka pratApI zAkhA yA jana kI saMjJA thI / " yadi zrI zarmA kA saMketa isa vyutpatti kI ora hai, to vaha bhI purANoM meM svIkRta nahIM huI / vaidika AryoM ne to apane deza ko saMptasiMdhu ( sAta nadiyoM kA deza ) kahA hai / usakI sImA meM kAbula, siMdha, paMjAba aura kazmIra Ate the / isa choTe-se pradeza ke nivAsiyoM ne apane pradeza kA bhI nAma badalakara zeSa ajJAta pUre bhArata ko bhAratavarSa nAma de diyA hogA ------ yaha vizvasanIya nahIM jAna par3atA / samarthana meM paM0 kailAzacaMda kI pustaka se eka uddharaNa prastuta hai-- "Rgveda meM saptasiMdhava deza kI hI mahimA gAI gaI hai / yaha deza siMdhu nadI se lekara sarasvatI nadI taka thA / (sarasvatI nadI kA nAma to Rgveda meM kevala eka bAra hI AyA hai|) ina donoM nadiyoM ke bIca meM pUrA paMjAba aura kazmIra AtA hai tathA kumbhA nadI, jise Aja kAbula kahate haiM, kI bhI veda meM carcA hai / ata: aphagAnistAna kA vaha bhAga jisameM kAbula nadI bahatI hai. AryoM ke deza meM garbhita thA / yaha saptasiMdhava deza hI AryoM kA Adi-deza thA [AryoM kA Adi deza, pR0 33 saMpUrNAnaMda ], kiMtu prAcya bhASAvid DaoN0 sunIti kumAra caTarjI kA kahanA hai ki prAcIna rUr3hivAdI hiMdU mata ki 'Arya bhArata meM hI svayaMbhUta hue the', vicAraNIya hI nahIM hai / [ bhAratIya AryabhASA aura hiMdI, pRSTha 20]" tIsarI vyutpatti duSyanta-saMbaMdhI hai| duSyanta - putra bharata ke nAma para bhAratavarSa nahIM kahalAyA; kyoMki usakA to vaMza hI nahIM claa| usake tIna putroM ko usakI rAniyoM ne mAra DAlA thaa| isalie ki ve usake anurUpa nahIM the ( dra0 bhAgavata purANa) aura RSiyoM ne duSyanta ke vaMza kA aMta hone kI sthiti A jAne para use eka lar3akA lAkara diyA thA. jo bharadvAja kahalAyA / kAlidAsa ne bhI abhijJAnazAkuMtala meM duSyanta ke putra ke nAma para bhArata nahIM likhA / liyA / zrI agravAla ne 'bhArata kI maulika ekatA' ( pR0 21-26-27 ) meM agni aura anya vyutpatti-saMbaMdhI bhUla kara baiThe the; kiMtu bAda meM apanI bhUla ko unhoMne sudhAra 86 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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aMtatogatvA samyaka vicAra ke bAda zrI agravAla ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA.. "RSabhanAtha ke carita kA ullekha 'zrImadbhAgavata' meM bhI vistAra se AtA hai aura yaha socane para bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki isakA kAraNa kyA rahA hogA? 'bhAgavata' meM hI isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki "mahAyogI bharata RSabha ke zata patroM meM jyeSTha the aura unhIM se yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAyA"- yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSTha: zreSThaguNa AsIt / yenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti / / -(bhAgavata 5/4/9) (dra0 zrI agravAla likhita prAkkathana, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, lekhaka paM0 kailAzacaMda) RSabha-putra bharata ke nAma para bhArata ke lie vaidika purANa yathA- 1. mArkaNDeya, 2. kUrma, 3. agni, 4. vAyu, 5. garuDa, 6. brahmAMDa, 7. vArAha, 8 liMga, 9. viSNu, 10 skaMda Adi aura bhI purANa dekhe jA sakate haiN| inameM se koI bhI purANa vaidika bharatavaMza se bhAratavarSa nAma kI vyutpatti nahIM batAtA hai| 'purANa-vimarza' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM purANa-saMbaMdhI samasyAoM kA mahattvapUrNa samAdhAna prastuta karanevAle prasiddha vidvAn sva0 baladeva upAdhyAya kA mata uddhRta karanA ucita hogaa| unakA kathana hai-- ___"bhAratavarSa isa deza kA nAma kyoM par3A? --isa viSaya meM purANoM ke kathana prAya: eka samAna haiN| kevala matsyapurANa ne isa nAma kI nirukti ke viSaya meM eka nayA rAga alApA hai ki bharata se hI bhArata banA hai| parantu bharata kauna thA ? isa viSaya meM matsya (purANa) ne manuSyoM ke Adima janaka manu ko hI prajAoM ke bharaNa aura rakSaNa ke kAraNa bharata kI saMjJA dI hai- bharaNAt prajAnAJcaiva manurbharata ucyte|| niruktavacanaizcaiva varSaM tad bharataM smRtam / / -(matsya, 114/5-6) ___ "pratIta hotA hai ki yaha prAcIna nirukti ke Upara kisI avAMtara yuga kI nirukti kA Aropa hai| prAcIna nirukti ke anusAra svAyaMbhuva ke putra the priyavrata, jinake putra the nAbhi / nAbhi ke putra the RSabha, jinake ekazata putroM meM se jyeSTha putra bharata ne pitA kA rAjya prApta kiyA aura inhIM rAjA bharata ke nAma para yaha pradeza 'ajanAbha' se parivartita hokara bhAratavarSa kahalAne lgaa| jo loga duSyanta ke nAma para yaha nAmakaraNa mAnate haiM, ve paraMparA ke virodhI hone se apramANa haiN|" (pRSTha 333-334) / aMta meM unhoMne apane kathana ke samarthana meM vAyupurANa, bhAgavatapurANa ke uddharaNa die haiN| sva0 upAdhyAyajI prastuta lekhaka ke banArasa hiMdU vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta guru the| sarasa, spaSTa zailI ke dhanI upAdhyAyajI 99 varSa kI Ayu meM divaMgata hue| kucha hI varSoM pUrva ve kAzI ke eka jaina vidyAlaya meM padhAre the| sabhA meM unhoMne itanA hI kahA ki "yaha deza prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 40 87

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RSabhadeva ke putra bharata ke nAma para bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai" aura apane nivAsa sthAna lauTa ge| prastuta lekhaka isa lekha ke mAdhyama se unheM zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai| zrI ApTe kA vizAlakAya saMskRta-aMgrejI koza bhI bharata nAma kI praviSTi meM yaha ullekha nahIM karatA hai ki vedakAla ke bharata nAma para yaha deza bhArata kahalAtA hai| yaha koza prAcIna yA paurANika saMdarbha bhI detA hai| uparyakta cauthI vyutpatti- "RSabha-putra bharata ke nAma para bhArata hI bhAratIya paraMparA meM sarvAdhika mAnya huI hai|" 2. bagna mUrtiyA~ bahIM, kAyotsarga tIrthakara ___ tAmra-pASANa yuga kI carcA karate hue zrI zarmA ne likhA hai, "kaI kaccI miTTI kI nagna putaliyA~ (!) bhI pUjI jAtI thiiN|" (pR048) unhoMne yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA ki inake pUjanevAle kauna the? ve zAyada yaha jAnate hoMge ki kuSANakAla kI jo jaina mUrtiyA~ mathurA meM milI hai, unameM 6 IMca kI eka mUrti bhI hai| jaina vyApArI jaba videza vyApAra ke lie nikalate the, taba ve isa prakAra kI laghu mUrtiyA~ apane sAtha pUjana ke lie le jAyA karate the| Age calakara aisI pratimAyeM hIre, sphaTika Adi kI banane lgiiN| ve kucha maMdiroM meM Aja bhI upalabdha aura surakSita haiN| ata: unheM 'putaliyA~' aura 'pUjI jAnevAlI' donoM eka sAtha kahanA anucita hai| 3. pazupatinAtha kI sIla ahiMsAsUcaka hai ... siMdhu-sabhyatA kI eka sIla (pR0 66) ke saMbaMdha meM zrI zarmA ne likhA hai ki use dekhakara 'pazupati mahAdeva' kI chavi dhyAna meM A gii| yadi ve dhyAna se dekhate, to aisA nahIM likhte| isa sIla meM tIrthaMkara yoga-avasthA meM dhyAnamagna hai| unake eka ora hAthI aura bAgha haiN| dUsarI ora gaiMDA hai| pAThaka samajha sakate haiM ki ye paraspara bairI yA virodhI jIva haiM, kiMtu apane baira ko bhUlakara ve zAMta-bhAva se baiThe haiN| yogI ke Asana ke nIce do hiraNa binA kisI bhaya ke sthita haiN| yaha tIrthaMkara kI upadeza sabhA meM jise 'samavasaraNa' kahate haiM, saMbhava hotA hai| kucha jaina maMdiroM meM zera aura gAya ko eka hI pAtra se pAnI pIte hue aMkita dekhA jA sakatA hai| aisI eka ghaTanA eka aMgreja zikArI ke sAtha caTagAMva' meM huI thii| jaba usake hAthI ne zera ke Ane para use nIce paTaka diyA, taba zikArI bhAgakara eka muni ke pAsa jA baitthaa| zera AyA, kiMtu apane zikAra ke lie Ae zatru ko binA hAni pahu~cAe lauTa gyaa| ___vaise pazupati meM 'pazu' zabda kA artha hI galata lagAyA jAtA hai| isakA artha deha yA AtmA hai| jisane inheM apane vaza meM kara liyA, vahI pazupatinAtha' kahA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta zabdoM kA artha prasaMgAnusAra karanA hI ucita hotA hai| isa prakAra kA eka aura udAharaNa pazu-saMbaMdhI yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| 'RSabho vA pazunAmAdhipati: (tAMvA0 14.2.5) tathA "RSabho vA pazunAM prajApati: (zata0 brA0 5, 12 00 88 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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5-17) saMkhyAtmaka saMdarbha prastuta lekhaka ne kailAzacaMdajI kI pustaka (10109) se lie haiN| yadi yahA~ pazu' kA artha animal se liyA jAe, aura RSabha' se baila (jaisA ki zrI zarmA kahate haiM, to kramaza: artha hogA baila pazuoM kA rAjA hai' (zara kA kyA hogA?) aura baila pazuoM kA prajApati hai' yaha bAta gotA khA jAne kI bana gii| yadi pazu kA artha manuSya yA dehadhArI kiyA jAe aura RSabha se RSabhadeva kiyA jAe, to matalaba nikalegA RSabhadeva mAnavoM ke rAjA the| yaha jaina mAnyatA hai| dUsare kA Azaya bhI isI prakAra RSabhadeva dehadhAriyoM ke prajApati the, yaha hogaa| jaina mAnyatA hai ki jaba kalpavRkSoM se mAnavoM kI AvazyakatAyeM pUrI honA kaThina ho gayA, taba usa samaya ke manuSya RSabhadeva ke pAsa jIvikA ke upAya pUchane gae tathA unase apanA adhipati yA rAjA banane kI prArthanA kI jo RSabhadeva ne svIkAra kara lI aura unheM asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa kAryoM se jIvikA karane kA upadeza diyaa| logoM ne unase apanA zAsaka banane kI prArthanA kI thI, isalie ve prajApati' khlaae| yahAM yahI saMketa jAna par3atA hai aura artha bhI ThIka baiTha jAtA hai| yadi zrI zarmA 'bhAgavata' ke paMcama skaMdha ke pAMcave adhyAya ke 19veM zloka ke gorakhapura saMskaraNa ke hiMdI anuvAda ko hI dekha lete, to unheM yaha jAnakArI milatI "mere isa avatAra zarIra kA rahasya sAdhAraNajanoM ke lie buddhigamya nahIM hai| zuddha sattva hI merA hRdaya hai aura usI meM dharma kI sthiti hai| maiMne adharma ko apane se bahuta dUra pIche kI ora Dhakela diyA hai| isIse satpuruSa mujhe 'RSabha' kahate haiN|" ye zabda bhAgavatakAra ne putroM ko upadeza dete samaya RSabha se kahalavAye haiN|| vaidika-koza meM bhI unheM RSabha ke artha vijJAnavAn (paramayogI), utkRSTa guNakarma svabhAvasya rAjJa: tathA anaMtabala: (paramAtmA), Adi artha vidvAn lekhaka ko mila jaate| 'halAyudha koza' meM RSabha ko Adijina: avatAravizeSa: kahA gayA hai| 4. jabapada rAjya - zaizunAka vaMza IsA se chaThI zatAbdI pUrva meM solaha mahAjanapada the| unakI jAnakArI ke saMbaMdha meM zrI zarmA ne yaha nahIM batAyA ki unake saMbaMdha meM jaina-grathoM se sabase adhika sUcanA prApta huI hai| kiMtu buddha-kAla meM nagaroM ke saMbaMdha meM unakI sUcanA hai ki "pAli aura saMskRta-grathoM meM ullikhita aneka nagaroM ko khoda (kisane?) nikAlA gayA hai, jaise kauzAmbI, zrAvastI, ayodhyA, kapilavastu, vArANasI, vaizAlI, rAjagIra, pATaliputra aura cmpaa|" kapilavastu ko chor3akara anya sabhI sthAna jaina-grathoM meM adhika carcita evaM vaMdanIya mAne gae haiN| biMbisAra aura ajAtazatru buddha ke sAmane natamastaka hue the--yaha zrI zarmA kA kathana hai| kiMtu biMbisAra mahAvIra kA parama zrotA thaa| mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke adhyakSa ceTaka kI putrI thii| trizalA kI bahina celanA kA vivAha biMbisAra se huA thaa| bibisAra ne mahAvIra se jo prazna kie, unase jaina-purANa bhare par3e haiN| kiMtu zrI zarmA ne yaha prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 89

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likha diyA ki "usa samaya kA rAjA buddha jaise dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke Age hI natamastaka hotA thA...biMbisAra aura ajAtazatru isake acche udAharaNa haiN|" kiMtu bibisAra to buddha dvArA apane dharma kA pracAra karane se pahale hI mahAvIra kA anuyAyI ho cukA thaa| -(DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi, pR0 63) jahA~ taka ajAtazatru kA prazna hai, vaha to buddha se yaha pUchane gayA thA ki kisa prakAra vaha vRjji videha aura vaizAlI gaNataMtroM para vijaya pA sakatA hai| gautama buddha ne ina gaNataMtroM kI sAta vizeSatAyeM apane ziSya AnaMda ko lakSya kara btaayiiN| unameM yaha bhI thI ki jaba taka ye milakara kAma karate raheMge, taba taka ve vRddhi ko prApta hoNge| ajAtazatru ko maMtra mila gayA aura usane ina gaNataMtroM ko apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| yaha vijetA bhI jaina thaa| kiMtu bauddha-paraMparA se bAda meM jor3a diyA gayA batAyA jAtA hai| usane koI bauddha-smAraka banAyA ho --aisA pramANa nahIM miltaa| 5. baddhakAla meM rAjya aura varNa-samAja ___yaha to saMbhavata: sabhI jAnate haiM ki IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI mahAvIra aura gautama buddha kA yuga thA aura donoM ne hI varNa-vyavasthA kA virodha kiyA thA; kiMtu zrI zarmA ne adhyAya 13 me yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki isa yuga meM "varNa-vyavasthA kI gaI aura hara eka varNa kA kartavya (pazA) spaSTa rIti se nirdhArita kara diyA gyaa|" (pR0126)| isa kathana se bar3hakara tathyavirodha aura kyA ho sakatA hai? eka itihAsakAra ke anusAra to usa samaya buddha ke bahuta hI kama anuyAyI the| vAstava meM vaha mahAvIra kA yuga thaa| ve buddha se jyeSTha the aura buddha se pahale hI apane zramaNadharma kA pracAra prAraMbha kara cuke the| acchA hotA ki isa adhyAya kA nAma 'mahAvIra yuga kI sthiti' hotaa| yadi buddha ke prati Agraha hI thA, to 'mahAvIra-buddha yuga' zIrSaka ho sakatA thA; kiMtu lekhaka kA uddezya to varNa-vyavasthA kI zreSThatA batAnA saMbhavata: thaa| 6. vaizAlI gaNataMtra zrI zarmA ne vaizAlI-gaNataMtra ke prazAsana-taMtra kI carcA kI hai| kiMtu eka bAra bhI vaizAlI-gaNataMtra' samasta pada kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| zAyada unhoMne yaha vidyArthiyoM para chor3a diyA hai ki ve anumAna kara leM ki vaizAlI nAma kA koI gaNataMtra bhI thaa| zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne use "Recorded Republics" meM gaNita kiyA hai| usakA vistRta varNana bauddha-sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| buddha ne aMtima vaizAlI darzana ke samaya hAthI kI bhA~ti mur3ate hue apane ziSya AnaMda se kahA thA ki "vaha unake saMgha kA saMgaThana vaizAlI jaisA kre|" zrI dinakara ne vaizAlI ko saMsadoM kI jananI' kahA hai| yaha gaNataMtra vizva kA sabase prAcIna gaNataMtra mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA likhita vivaraNa upalabdha hai| vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM kI nyAya-praNAlI kI zrI zarmA ne eka prakAra se khillI uDAI 1090 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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hai| ve likhate haiM "licchaviyoM ke gaNarAjyoM meM eka ke Upara eka sAta nyAyapITha hote the, jo eka hI mAmale kI sunavAI bArI-bArI se sAta bAra karate the| lekina yaha atyadhika uttama hone ke kAraNa avizvasanIya hai|" isake viparItaM zrI jAyasavAla kA mata hai, "Liberty of the citizen was most jealously guarded. A citizen could not be held guilty unless he was considered so by the Senapati, the Upraja and the Raja seperately and without dissent." (Hindu Polity, p. 46) yaha atirikta sAvadhAnI ukta sapta-vyavasthA ke atirikta thI / usakA sabase ucca nirNAyaka gaNataMtra kA adhyakSa hotA thaa| Ajakala bhI to rASTrapati ko kSamAdAna kA adhikAra uccatama nyAyAlaya ke phaisale ke bAda bhI hai aura usa para apanI TippaNI maMtrI hI bhejatA hai / 7. caMdragupta maurya dAsI - putra nahIM zrI zarmA ne adhyAya 14 ko 'maurya yuga' nAma diyA hai, kiMtu anya adhyAyoM kI bhA~ti eka bhI sahAyaka pustaka kA nAma nahIM diyA hai / adhyAya 23 meM unhoMne itihAsakAra zrI rAmazaMkara tripAThI kI pustaka kA nAma diyA hai| zrI tripAThI kI History of Ancient India bhI unhoMne dekhI hogI / usameM zrI tripAThI ne isa bAta kA khaMDana kiyA hai ki 'murA' se 'maurya' zabda banA hai / vAstava meM nepAla kI tarAI meM 'pippalI' gaNataMtra ke kSatriya 'moriya' vaMza meM caMdragupta kA janma huA thA / isalie ve 'maurya' kahalAe / brAhmaNa-paraMparA ne unheM nimna utpatti kA batalAne ke lie yaha kahAnI gar3ha lI hai - aisA jAna par3atA hai| isI prakAra isa paraMparA meM jaina naMda rAjAoM ko bhI 'zUdra' kahA gayA hai| kucha itihAsakAra usI ko saca mAnakara asatya kA sAtha dete haiM / samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki naMda rAjA kaliMgajina kI pratimA uThA le gayA thA, use vaha vApasa lAyA hai| spaSTa hai ki naMda rAjA jaina the| zrI zarmA ne to khAravela ke zilAlekha ke ullekha se hI paraheja kiyA hai aisA jAna par3atA hai| 8. jaina samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha kI anadekhI / khAravela kA lagabhaga 2200 varSa prAcIna zilAlekha bhArata ke purAtAttvika itihAsa meM eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / vaha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| zrI zarmA ne usakA ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai| kevala pR0 209 para khAravela kA nAma lekara hAtha dho lie haiM / kiMtu agale hI pRSTha para vasiSTha, nala, mAna, mAThara jaise choTe-choTe rAjyoM kA ur3IsA meM honA pahicAna kara batAyA hai aura yaha likhA hai, "hara rAjya ne brAhmaNoM ko bulAyA thaa| adhikAMza rAjA vaidika yajJa karate theM / " yaha hai eka itihAsakAra kA dRSTikoNa / dIrghajIvI maurya-zAsana ke rAjA jaina the-- aisA likhanA ve na jAne kisa kAraNa se bhUla gae / azoka ko bhI bhAMDArakara Adi vidvAnoM ne jaina mAnA hai / maurya vaMza ke sabhI rAjA jaina the - aisA kathana itihAsa ke sAtha nyAyapUrNa hotA / prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara 2000 0091

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9. dakSiNa bhArata ___ zrI zarmA ne dakSiNa bhArata ke 'sAtavAhana' aura sudUra dakSiNa ke tIna rAjyoM karnATaka, tamilanADu (prAcIna nAma tamilagama) aura kerala meM brAhmaNa rAjAoM kA hI prAdhAnya. vaidika yajJoM kA pracAra Adi para hI adhika jora diyA haiN| maurya-zAsana kI samApti (maurya rAjA kI hatyA usake brAhmaNa senApati ne kI thI) para unakI TippaNI hai. "maurya-sAmrAjya ke khaMDahara para khar3e hue kucha nae rAjyoM ke zAsaka brAhmaNa hue| madhyapradeza meM aura usase pUraba maurya sAmrAjya ke avazeSoM para zAsana karanevAle 'zuMga' aura 'kaNva' brAhmaNa the| isI prakAra 'dakana' aura 'AMdhra' meM cirasthAyI rAjya sthApita karanevAle sAtavAhana bhI apane Apako brAhmaNa mAnate the| ina brAhmaNa rAjAoM ne vaidika yajJa kie, jinakI azoka ne upekSA kI thii|" __ itihAsa ke jJAtA jAnate haiM ki 'zuMga' aura 'kaNva' vaMza alpajIvI the| kiMtu zarmAjI ne dIrghajIvI mauryayuga ke prathama samrATa caMdragupta ke bAre meM itanA bhI nahIM likhA ki vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| isakA pramANa zrIraMgapaTTana kA zilAlekha hai, jo ki 600 I0 kA hai aura isa pustaka kI samaya-sImA meM AtA hai| AMdhra ke sAtavAhana vaMza ke eka rAjA hAla ne mahArASTrI prAkRta meM gAthA saptazatI' likhI hai, usa para jaina prabhAva hai| isa zAsana meM "prAkRta bhASA kA hI pracAra thA" (DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jain)| prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM bhI sAtavAhana rAjAoM ke ullekha pAe jAte haiN| zAyada zrI zarmA kA dhyAna ina tathyoM kI ora nahIM gyaa| unhoMne yaha avazya likhA hai ki "uttara ke kaTTara brAhmaNa loga AMdhroM ko varNasaMkara mAnakara hIna samajhate the|" (pR0164) karnATaka ke kadamba' aura 'gaMga' vaMza jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| unake saMbaMdha meM zrI zarmA kA mata hai.."pazcimI gaMga rAjAoM ne adhikatara bhUmidAna jainoM ko diyaa| kadamba rAjAoM ne bhI jainoM ko dAna diyA, para ve brAhmaNoM kI ora adhika jhuke hue the|" ___ karnATaka ke itihAsa kI sabase pramukha ghaTanA hemAMgada deza' (kolAra golDa phIlDa se pahicAna kI jAtI hai) ke rAjA jIvaMdhara dvArA svayaM mahAvIra se jaina-muni-dIkSA lenA hai| karnATaka sTeTa gajeTiyara meM ullekha hai, "Jainism in Karnataka is belived to go back to the days of Bhagawan Mahavir, a prince from Karnatak is described as having been initiated by Mahavir himself." dUsarI pramukha ghaTanA caMdragupta maurya kA zravaNabelagola kI caMdragiri pahAr3I para tapasyA evaM samAdhipUrvaka dehatyAga kI hai| zrI zarmA ne itihAsa-prasidva ina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, jaba ki isa brAhmaNa anuzruti kA ullekha kiyA hai, kahA jAtA hai ki "mayUrazarman ne (kadamba vaMza kA saMsthApaka) aThAraha azvamedha yajJa kie aura brAhmaNoM ko asaMkhya (?) gA~va dAna meM die|" prasiddha purAtattvavid zrI rAmacaMdrana kA mata hai ki banavAsi ke kadamba zAsaka yadyapi hiMdU the. tathApi unakI bahuta-sI prajA jaina hone ke kAraNa ve bhI yathAkrama jainadharma ke anakUla the| 4092 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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gaMga vaMza ke saMbaMdha meM zrI zarmA ne Upara kahI gaI dAna kI bAta ke alAvA aura koI tathya nahIM likhaa| isa vaMza kI sthApanA meM sarvAdhika yogadAna jainAcArya siMhanaMdi kA thA / aneka gaMga rAjAoM ne jaina maMdiroM Adi kA nirmANa karavAyA thA / zrI rAmacaMdrana ne likhA hai. "jainadharma kA svarNayuga sAdhAraNatayA dakSiNa bhArata meM aura vizeSakara karnATaka meM gaMga vaMza ke zAsakoM ke samaya meM thA, jinhoMne jainadharma ko rASTradharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thA / " tamilanADu (tamilagama); isa pradeza ke cAra rAjavaMza prakhyAta haiM. pallava, pAMDya, cola aura cera / pallava vaMza AMdhra aura tamilanADu ke sImAvartI pradeza para zAsana karatA thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI kAMjIvaram (kAMcI ) thii| isake saMbaMdha meM zrI zarmA likhate haiM ki pallava kisI kabIle ke the aura unheM "pUrA-pUrA sabhya hone meM kucha samaya lagA; kyoMki pallava zabda kA artha tamila bhASA me DAkU hotA hai|" prasiddha jainAcArya samantabhadra apane ko kAMcI kA nivAsI batAte the| isa vaMza kA rAjya dUsarI sadI meM sthApita mAnA jAtA hai| isa vaMza ke kucha rAjA jaina the| chaTI sadI meM isa vaMza ke maheMdravarmana prathama (600-630) ne aneka jaina maMdiroM tathA guphAoM kA nirmANa karavAyA thA / prasiddha 'sitannavAsala' jaina- guphA kA nirmANa bhI usIne karavAyA thA, kiMtu vaha zaiva bana gayA aura usane jainadharma ko bahuta adhika hAni pahu~cAI / cola vaMza ko sammilita karate hue bhI zrI zarmA ne likhA hai ki "tamila deza meM IsA kI AraMbhika sadiyoM meM jo rAjya sthApita hue, unakA vikAsa brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke prabhAva se huA...rAjA vaidika yajJa karate the / vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNa loga zAstrArtha karate the / " yahA~ yaha sUcanA hI paryApta jAna par3atI hai ki cola rAjA kIlikavarmana kA putra zAMtivarmana (120-185 A.D.) jaina muni ho gayA thA aura vaha jaina paraMparA meM AcArya samaMtabhadra ke nAma se AdaraNIya aura pUjya hai| svAmI samaMtabhadra ne bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM para zAstrArtha meM vijaya pAI thii| ve apane Apako vAdI, vAgmI Adi kahate the / cauthI sadI meM jaba cola rAjAoM kA prabhAva bar3hA, taba bhI ve jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu rahe I pAMDya vaMza kA itihAsa atyaMta prAcIna hai| zrI zarmA ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki "pAMDya rAjAoM ko romana sAmrAjya ke sAtha vyApAra meM lAbha hotA thA aura unhoMne romana samrAT oNgasTasa ke darabAra meM rAjadUta bheje / brAhmaNoM kA acchA sthAna thA / " yo 172 kiMtu DaoN0 jyotiprasAda kA kathana hai, " I0 pUrva 25 meM tatkAlIna pAMDya nareza ne eka jaina zramaNAcArya ko sudUra roma ke samrAT oNgasTasa ke darabAra meM apanA rAjadUta banAkara bhejA thaa| bhar3auca ke baMdaragAha se jalapota dvArA yaha yAtrA prAraMbha huI thii| ukta muni ne apanA aMta nikaTa jAnakara roma nagara meM sallekhanA dvArA deha tyAga dI thI aura vahA~ unakI samAdhi banI thI / " -(To 246) cera rAjavaMza kA nAma azoka ke zilAlekha meM bhI hai| yaha vaMza AraMbha se hI jainadharma prAkRtavidyA + julAI-sitambara 2000 93

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kA anuyAyI pratIta hotA hai| zrI zarmA ne yaha likhA hai ki "ceroM ne cola-nareza kArikala ke pitA kA vadha kara diyA, kiMtu cera-nareza ko apanI jAna gaMvAnI pdd'ii| kahA jAtA hai ki cera-rAjA ne pITha meM ghAva lagane ke kAraNa lajjAvaza AtmahatyA kara lii|" yaha rAjA udiyana cera lAtana thaa| isa zAsaka ke saMbaMdha meM usake zatru-rAjA ke kavi ne usake bAre meM likhA thA, "Is not he (cher king) nobler than thee (Chol Karikal) who ashamed of the wound on his back , starves without food to gain glorious death? " apanA aMta samaya nikaTa jAnakara anna-jala kA tyAga karanA jaina-paraMparA meM 'sallekhanA dhAraNa karanA' kahalAtA hai| kavi ne isI sallekhanA kI prazaMsA kI hai| udiyana ne sallekhanA dhAraNa kI thI, na ki AtmahatyA kI thii| tamila meM 'sallekhanA' ko vaDakkiruttala kahate haiN| dUsarI sadI meM hue yuvarAjapAda ilego aDigala (zilappadikAram nAmaka mahAkAvya meM jaina zrAvikA kaNNagI aura usake pati kovalana kI amara prema gAthA ke mahAkavi) bhI jaina AcArya the| isa vaMza ke cera kAppiyana ke lie nirmita zaila zayyA Aja bhI 'pugalUra' meM (tamilanADu) hai| kalabhra zAsaka :- IsA kI tIsarI se pA~cavI sadI kA kerala sahita tamilanADu kA itihAsa aMdhakArapUrNa (historical night) mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt usa kAla kA koI itihAsa nahIM miltaa| itanA likhA milatA hai ki kalabhra zAsaka kali arasana' yAnI kalikAla meM sabhyatA ke zatru the| zrI zarmA ne pR0 225 para likhA hai, "kAloM ko duSTa rAjA kahA gayA hai| unhoMne anekAneka rAjAoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkA aura tamilanADu para apanA kabjA jamA liyaa| unhoMne bahuta sAre gA~voM me brAhmaNoM ko mile 'brahmadeyaM' adhikAroM ko khatma kara diyaa| lagatA hai ki kalabhra bauddhadharma ke anuyAyI the|" vAstava meM kalabhra jaina the| kucha loga unheM karnATaka se Ae batAte haiN| rAmAsvAmI AyaMgAra kA mata hai, "It looks as though the Jains had themselves invited the Kalabhras to establish Jainism more firmly in the country. The period of the Kalabhras and that which succeeds it must, therefore, be considered as the period when the Jains had reachered their zenith. It was during this period that the famous Naladiyar (collection of didactical poems by Jain asetics) was composed by the Jains. There are two references in Naladiyar to Muttaraiyar (lords of pearls) indicating that the Kalabhras were Jains and patrons of Tamil literature," p.56, Studies in South Indian Jainism. saMgati-prabhAva "alaM tenAmRtena yatrAsti visssNsrg:|" - (nItivAkyAmRta. 72) artha:- jisa amRta meM viSa kA aMza milA ho, vaha amRta bhI sevana karane yogya | nahIM hotA hai| 00 94 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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ASADhI pUrNimA : eka mahatvapUrNa tithi -DaoN0 sudIpa jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM tithiyoM kI mahattA ke pIche kaI atyanta mahanIya kAraNa rahe haiN| ve kAraNa prakRti, paryAvaraNa, bhUgola, khagola, mausamavijJAna, cikitsAvijJAna, kRSi evaM udyoga Adi bahuAyAmI dRSTiyoM se vyApaka mahattva ke rahe haiN| yahA~ taka ki mAtra dhArmika dRSTi se upayogI mAnI gayI tithiyoM ke pIche bhI aise vaijJAnika evaM vyAvahArika kAraNa bhI antarnihita rahe haiN| aSTamI' aura 'caturdazI' tithiyoM meM vrata-upavAsa kA sIdhA sambandha khagola-vijJAna va zarIra-vijJAna se yugapat hai| zarIra ke jalIyatattva meM candramA ke prabhAva se nyUnAdhikya samudra ke jvAra-bhATe kI taraha AtA rahatA hai; ata: usake saMtulana ke lie tathA pAcanataMtra ko vizrAma dene ke lie ina tithiyoM meM vrata-upavAsa Adi kI vaijJAnika upAdeyatA hai| isIprakAra caitramAsa se navavarSa kA pracalana uttara bhArata ke maidAnI bhAgoM kI mukhya phasala rabI kI phasala' ke Ane se jur3A huA hai| kRSipradhAna isa deza me arthatantra kI rIr3ha mukhya phasala hI hotI hai, ata: usI se holI evaM caitra-navavarSa kI tithiyoM ko vyAvahArika mahattA milI hai| 'aSTAhnikA parva' evaM 'dazalakSaNa parva' varSa meM tIna-tIna bAra Ate haiN| ye Rtu-parivartana ke samaya AhArazuddhi ke dvArA zArIrika svAsthya ke saMtulana meM adbhuta vaijJAnika mahattva ke hote haiM; kyoMki ina dinoM vrata-upavAsa Adi ke dvArA zarIra ke saMcita vikAroM kA kSaya karake use naye mausama ke anukUla banane meM madada milatI hai| vicAra-zuddhi kI dRSTi se inakA adhyAtmika mahattva to supramANita hai hii| vaidika paramparA ke tIna bAra ke navarAtra bhI isI zreNI meM Ate haiN| isIprakAra devotthAnI ekAdazI' jaisI tithiyA~ prakRti evaM paryAvaraNa kI anukUlatA kA vaha siMhadvAra haiM. jo kAryakramoM ke Ayojana ke lie sukhada evaM anukUla vAtAvaraNa kI sunizcitA pramANita karatI haiN| basaMtapaMcamI' ko binA zodhA muhUrta' kahe jAne ke pIche bhI yahI dRSTi nihita hai| ukta sAMketika vivaraNa se yaha satyApita ho jAtA hai ki bhAratIya paramparA meM tithiyoM kI mahattA bhale hI dhArmika aura karmakANDa kI dRSTi se batAyI gayI ho; kiMtu ve tithiyA~ bahuAyAmI dRSTiyoM se upayogI hotI haiN| isI krama meM eka tithi kA ullekha prAkRtavidyA-julAI-sitambara '2000 .095

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jaina-paramparA meM milatA hai, vaha hai 'ASADhI pUrNimA' kA isa dina samasta jainazramaNa evaM zramaNAyeM apanA 'cAturmAsa' yA 'varSAyoga' sthApita karate haiN| cU~ki isake bAda agale dina se 'zrAvaNa' mAsa prArambha hotA hai, tathA sAvana-bhAdoM kA samaya prabala varSA kA samaya hotA hai| aura varSA ke samaya nadI-nAloM meM bAr3ha kI sthiti ho jAne, sarvatra jala kI bahulatA hone evaM jala ke prabhAva se harita vanaspatiyoM tathA varSAkAlIna udbhij' jIva-jantuoM kI adhikatA ho jAne se jainazramaNa evaM zramaNAyeM 'ahiMsA mahAvrata' meM doSa na lage --isa dRSTi se atirikta gamanAgamana kA nirodha karake maryAdApUrvaka sImitakSetra meM hI nivAsa karate hue dharmasAdhana karate haiN| isake pariNAmasvarUpa usa kSetra meM dIrghAvadhi taka dharmaprabhAvanA kA yoga banA rahatA hai; tathA usa kSetra ke nivAsiyoM ko varSA ke kAraNa vyApAra Adi ke nimitta na jA sakane se utpanna khAlIpana kI sthiti nahIM rahatI hai aura ve bhI zramaNasaMghoM ke sAnnidhya meM jJAna prAptakara prasannatApUrvaka dharmasAdhana karate haiN| isaprakAra yaha tithi gRhasthoM evaM sAdhuvarga --donoM ke lie mIla kA patthara' siddha hotI hai|| ____ yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA yaha tithi mAtra mAnasUna ke prabhAva kI vivazatA se mahanIya bana gayI hai, yA isake kucha anya bhI kAraNa haiM? bhAratIya vAGmaya ke AloDana se isa tithi kI mahattA ke viSaya meM kucha aura bhI mahattvapUrNa tathya prApta hote haiM, jinakA saMkSipta paricaya nimnAnusAra hai 1. karka-sakrAnti :- bhAratIya jyotiSa ke anusAra 'dhUmramArgI karka-saMkrAnti' isI ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke dina hotI hai| 2. sUrya-caMdra-darzana :- kRtayuga' ke prArambha meM jaba prathama bAra candra aura sUrya ke prathama bAra hue darzana se prajAjanoM ko utpanna bhaya kA nivAraNa pratizruti' nAmaka prathama kulakara ne isI dina kiyA thaa| ata: isakA paurANika mahattva hai| isa bAre meM AcArya yativRSabha likhate haiM "caMdAdiccANa aasaaddhpunnnnimaae|" --(tiloyapaNNatti, 21430 pRSTha 127) 3.saMvatsaratama :- isI tithi ko prAcInakAla meM varSa kI pUrNatA mAnI jAtI thii| isa dina pUre varSa kA hisAba-kitAba pUrNa kara lekhA-parIkSaka ko sauMpa diyA jAtA thaa| isIlie AcArya pANinI ke bhASyakAra ne ise 'saMvatsaratama:' saMjJA pradAna kI hai"saMvatsarasya pUrNo divasa: sNvtsrtmH|" -(pANinI vyAkaraNa, kAzikA bhASya, 5/2/37) 4. sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa-divasa :- jaina-paramparA meM zramaNoM ke eka vizeSa cAritrika zuddhi-anuSThAna ko pratikramaNa' kahate haiN| isake daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika evaM yugapratikramaNa Adi kaI bheda ginAye jAte haiN| inameM 00 96 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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varSa bhara meM eka bAra kiyA jAnevAlA pratikramaNa 'sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa' kahalAtA hai / yaha pratikramaNa bhI isI 'ASADhI pUrNimA' ko kiye jAne kA vidhAna paMDitapravara AzAdharasUri ne kiyA hai " ASADhAnta - sAMvatsarI pratikramaNe / " - (anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/58) ise hI sAMvatsarika AlocanA' bhI kahA gayA hai "saMvacchariyaM AloceduM / " isameM pratikramaNa karane para bAraha upavAsa kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai-- "AsADhe saMvacchara-paDikkamaNe dijjasu bArasa - uvavAsA / " -- - ( AcArya indranandi yogIndra, 'chedapiNDa', 115 ) 5. kRSiyuga-zubhArambha kahA jAtA hai ki isI dina prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne prajAjanoM ko kRSi Adi (asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya, zikSA evaM zilpa Adi) kA jJAna diyA thA " zazAsa kRSyAdiSu karmasu prajA: " - ( AcArya samantabhadra, svayambhUstotra,, 1/2 ) ataH yaha 'kRtayuga' yA 'kRSiyuga' kA zubhArambha - divasa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| isI tathya kI puSTi karate huye AcArya jinasena likhate haiM u " ASADhamAsa - bahula - pratipadadivase kRto / kRttvA kRtayugArambhaM prAjApatyamupeyivAn / / " - ( mahApurANa, 16/190) 6. mAnasUna - -nirdhAraka tithi :- jaina- jyotiSa ke pramukha graMtha 'bhadrabAhu saMhitA' meM likhA haiM- " ASADhI- pUrNimAyAntu pUrvavAto yadA bhavet / - pravAti divasaM sarvaM suvRSTiH suSamA tadA / / " - (bhadrabAhusaMhitA', 9/7, pRSTha 105 ) artha:-- 'ASAr3hI pUrNimA' ke dina yadi pUrva dizA kI vAyu (puravaiyA havA) sampUrNa dina bhara calatI hai, to usa varSa varSA Rtu meM acchI varSA hotI hai aura vaha varSa sukhamaya ( subhikSatumaya) vyatIta hotA hai| 1 ASAr3ha mAsa meM zuklapakSa kI kucha anya bhI tithiyA~ mahattvapUrNa mAnI gayIM haiM / inakA saMkSipta ullekha nimnAnusAra hai-- 1. ASAr3ha zukla caturdazI 'kathA saritsAgara' ke anusAra yaha tithi bhAratIya paramparA meM snAna-yAtrA ke lie upayogI mAnI gayI hai-- " tasyASADhacaturdazyAM zuklAyAM prativatsaram / yAtrAyAM snAtumettima sma nAnAdigbhyo mahAjana: / / " - (2/136) artha:- isa ASAr3ha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI caturdazI tithi ko prativarSa vibhinna dizAoM se mahAjana snAna ke liye yAtrA para jAte the / prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 2000 -- 97

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2. ASAr3ha zukla dvAdazI :- ASADha mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI hI dvAdazI tithi 'suraguru-divasa' yA 'bRhaspati-divasa' ke rUpa meM bhI manAyI jAtI rahI hai| 'eraNa' sthita guptayugIna stambhalekha meM isakA nimnAnusAra ullekha milatA hai-- "ASADhamAsa zukladvAdazyAM surgurordivse|" ___3. ASAr3ha zukla ekAdazI :- jaina-paramparA ke mUlagraMtha 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' kI 'jJAna-vijJAna kA vizvakoza' kahI jAne vAlI vizAlakAya 'dhavalA' TIkA kI pUrNatA isa tithi ko huI thI, isakA svayaM TIkAkAra ullekha karate haiM"AsADhamAsa-sukkapakkha-eNkkArasIe puvvaNhe gaMtho smaahido|" . -(dhavalA, 1/1/1, pRSTha 71) 4. ASADhI-aSTAtikA parva :- ASADha mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI saptamI se lekara pUrNimA taka ATha dina yaha parva jaina-paramparA meM dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika utsAhapUrvaka vividha dharmAnuSThAnoM ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| isa bAre meM ullekha milatA hai"AsADha-kattiya-phagguNamAsANaM aTThamiyAiM kAdUNa jAva punnnnimNti|" -(NaMdIsarabhatti, aMcalikA, pRSTha 132) __ aise hI anya kaI ullekha ASADhamAsa ke zuklapakSa kI tithiyoM kI mahattA batAne vAle jaina-paramparA evaM anya bhAratIya paramparAoM meM pAye jAte haiN| inakA vyApaka dRSTiyoM se adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| agnikAyika jIva "jo teUkAya jIve, adisaddahadi jiNehi paNNattaM / uvaladdha puNNapAvassa, tassuvaTThAvaNa atthi / / " - (AcArya kundakunda, mUlAcAra, 10/140) artha:- jo tIrthaMkara jinendroM ne kahe hue agnikAyika jIvoM aura tadAzrita sUkSma jIvoM ke Upara zraddhA rakhatA hai tathA puNyapApa kA svarUpa jAnatA hai, vaha mokSamArga meM sthira rahatA hai| eka dIpaka eka hI samaya meM (1) andhakAra ko prakAzarUpa meM parivartana karatA hai, (2) prakAza phailAtA hai, (3) garmI pratApa ko utpanna karatA hai, (4) dAhakatva guNa dekhA jAtA hai, (5) bAtI ke mukha khAtA hai, (6) dravya padArtha tela ko pItA hai, (7) dhUmra kAlimA (sauca) karatA hai| "dIpo bhakSayate dhvA~kSaM kajjalaM ca prsuuyte|" ** 1098 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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pustaka samIkSA (1) pustaka kA nAma : puNyAsava kathA (koza) mUla lekhaka : mahAkavi raidhU sampAdana evaM anu0 : pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina prakAzaka : zrI digambara jaina sAhitya-saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, dillI saMskaraNa : prathama, janavarI 2000 I0, 1000 pratiyA~ mUlya : 75/- (zAstrAkAra, pakkI bAiMDiMga, lagabhaga 360 pRSTha) . Aja prAcIna AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM kI racanAoM kA anusandhAna karake una para prAmANika sampAdana, anuvAda kArya karake prakAzita karAne vAle Thosa vidvAnoM kA prAya: abhAva ho calA hai| apane nAma se pustakeM likhakara samAja evaM prakAzana-saMsthAnoM se chapAne kA hI kArya vidvattA evaM prakAzana ke nAma para jainasamAja meM mukhyatA se ho rahA hai| aise meM eka vayovRddha, yazasvI evaM prAmANika supratiSThita anusandhAtA vidvAn kI pavitra lekhanI se sampAdita evaM anUdita hokara AnevAlI yaha racanA nizcaya hI atyanta bahumAna ke yogya hai| ___ yaza:kAya vidvAn pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina vartamAna caina-vidvatparamparA meM pANDulipiyoM kA prAmANika sampAdana va anuvAda karanevAle saMbhavata: sarvAdhika anubhavI evaM suparicita hastAkSara haiN| unake lekhanI ke saMsparza se prakAza meM Ane vAle prAcIna aprakAzita sAhitya kI eka yazasvI paramparA hai, jisase vidvajjagat evaM jainasamAja suparicita hai| mahAkavi raidhU ke sAhitya ke bAre meM to Aja ke kaoNpIrAiTa bAjAra ke ve ekamAtra suyogya adhikArI haiN| aba se lekara cirakAla taka jaba bhI raidhU kavi evaM unakI racanAoM para carcA, lekhana Adi kucha bhI kiyA jAyegA, pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jI ke yogadAna kA pramukhatA se ullekha kiye binA vaha kArya kabhI bhI pUrNa nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| / ___ apabhraMza bhASA meM racita mahAkavi raidhU kI isa vizAlakAya racanA kA vibhinna pANDulipiyoM se prAmANika sampAdana evaM zabda-artha kI susaMgati se samanvita anuvAda prastuta honA isa saMskaraNa kI zrIvRddhi karatA hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 0099

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vastuta: aisA mahanIya prakAzana karake prakAzaka-saMsthAna kI hI pratiSThA bar3hI hai| anekoM jaina samAja kI prakAzaka-saMsthAyeM mAtra 'TrekTa' stara ke prakAzana karake apanI vAhavAhI karAne kI ceSTA karatI rahatI haiN| hamAre prAcIna AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM kI amUlya dharohara ko prakAza meM lAne kA samaya, bhAvanA evaM sAmarthya saMbhavata: unameM nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha prakAzana avazya hI maMgalakalaza lekara svAgata karane yogya evaM ghara-ghara meM hara vyakti ke dvArA par3hA jAne yogya hai| vizeSata: choTI-choTI kathAoM ko sundara DhaMga se gUMthakara racI gayI yaha kRti hara Ayuvarga evaM hara stara ke vyaktiyoM ke liye subodhagamya evaM preraNAspada siddha ho sakegI --aisA merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| isakI kathAyeM paramparAgata naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke sAtha-sAtha Adhunika paristhitiyoM meM bhI bahuta preraka hai| maiM vidvadvareNya saMpAdaka evaM prakAzaka-saMsthAna kA isa prakAzana ke liye hArdika abhinaMdana karatA hU~ tathA samAja ke pratyeka varga se isakA svAdhyAya karane kI apIla karatA huuN| vastuta: yaha pratyeka vyakti ke nijI saMgraha meM rakhane yogya anupama racanA hai| -sampAdaka ** pustaka kA nAma : bharata aura bhArata lekhaka : DaoN0 premasAgara jaina sampAdana evaM prastAvanA : DaoN0 sudIpa jaina prakAzaka : zrI kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa, naI dillI-110067 mUlya : pandraha rupaye, (DimAI sAIja, peparabaika, 48 pRSTha) hamAre deza kA mUla nAmakaraNa kyA thA? aura vaha kyoM par3A? -- ina bAtoM kA aitihAsika evaM purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke Aloka meM prastutIkaraNa isa kRti meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| dharma yA saMpradAya ke pUrvAgraha se rahita hokara mAtra tathyAtmaka sAmagrI ko vyavasthita rUpa meM prastuta karanA inakA mukhya AkarSaNa hai| isake AdhAra para nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki isa deza kA mUla evaM prAcInatama nAma 'ajanAbhavarSa' thA, jo ki caudahaveM kulakara nAbhirAya (RSabhadeva ke pitAzrI) ke nAma para par3A thaa| tathA bAda meM isakA nAma 'bhAratavarSa' huA, jo ki prathama cakravartI samrAT bharata (nAbhirAya ke pautra evaM RSabhadeva ke putra) ke nAma para huaa| aisI tathyAdhArita sAmagrI ko prakAzita karAne ke liye prakAzaka saMsthAna abhinaMdanIya hai| vizeSata: vartamAna pariprekSya meM, jaba jainadharma aura saMskRti ke bAre meM sarakArI evaM sAmpradAyika saMsthAoM ke prakAzanoM meM bharapUra anargala tathyavihIna bAteM prakAzita ho rahIM haiM, taba yaha prAmANika racanA prakAzita honA atyanta sAmayika evaM behada upayogI hai| 00 100 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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nirdoSa TaMkaNa, Adarza sampAdana evaM nayanAbhirAma madraNa kI triveNI se samanvita yaha saMskaraNa aura bhI upAdeya bana gayA hai| AzA hai isako vyApaka janAdara prApta hogaa| yaha kRti kendra sarakAra va rAjya sarakAroM ke pratyeka saMsthAna meM, vizvavidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM, sArvajanika pustakAlayoM evaM itihAsa-saMskRti ke vidvAnoM ke pAsa avazya bhijavAyI jAnI cAhie, tAki isameM nihita atyaMta upayogI jAnakArI kA vyApaka upayoga ho ske| sAtha hI jaina-saMskRti ke pratyeka maMdira meM tathA pratyeka jainadharmAnurAgI sajjana ke pAsa yaha kRti avazya hI honI caahiye| isase jaina-paramparA kA gauravamaya itivRtta jJAta hogA tathA anekoM bhramoM kA nivAraNa ho skegaa| sampAdaka ** (3) pustaka kA nAma : tattvArthasUtra va bhaktAmarastotra kA marAThI anuvAda anuvAda : zrI manohara mAravaDakara prakAzaka : yugama prakAzana. 17-bI, mahAvIra nagara, nAgapura-440009 (mahA0) saMskaraNa : prathama, 1000 pratiyA~, peparabaika, pRSTha 48 mUlya : dasa rupaye tattvArthasUtra' evaM 'bhaktAmarastotra' jainasamAja meM sarvAdhika paDhI jAne vAle dhArmika graMtha haiN| ye kramaza: tattvajJAna evaM bhaktirasa ke anupama nidarzana haiN| abhI taka hindI evaM aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM inake anekoM saMskaraNa dRSTigata hue the. kiMtu marAThI bhASA meM bhAvAnuvAda vAlA saMbhavata: yaha prathama saMskaraNa mujhe dRSTigocara huA hai| isameM vidvAn anuvAdaka ne bhASA evaM bhAvoM kA sAmaMjasya biThAkara kama zabdoM meM hI sarala va saTIka DhaMga se apanI bAta ko prastuta kiyA hai| mUla abhiprAya kI surakSA isakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| ___ isa sAdA kalevara ke, kintu upayogI prakAzana ke liye anuvAdaka evaM prakAzaka - donoM sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| -sampAdaka ** pustaka kA nAma : daulata-vilAsa mUlakartA : kavivara daulatarAma sampAdana evaM anu0 : DaoN0 vIrasAgara jaina prakAzaka : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI-110003 mUlya :: paccAsa rupaye, (DimAI sAIz2a, pRSTha 152) kavivara paM0 daulatarAma jI kI kAlajayI lokapriya racanA 'chahaDhAlA' kI pratiyA~ jainasamAja ke ghara-ghara meM to haiM hI, jainetara jijJAsu bhI ise cAva se par3hate va apanI svAdhyAyazAlA meM sthAna dete haiN| yaha itanI nirvivAda evaM janAdRta racanA hai ki yaha sabhI kA kaMThahAra bana gayI hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 101

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inhIM kI prakIrNaka bhajanoM kI eka aura racanA 'daulata-vilAsa' ke nAma se aba prakAzita huI hai, jise vikhyAta sAhitya-prakAzana saMsthA 'bhAratIya jJAnapITha' ne prakAzita kiyA hai| prakAzana-saMsthA ke stara ke anurUpa mudraNa va prakAzana nayanAbhirAma evaM starIya haiN| vidvAn saMpAdaka kI saMkSipta hote huye bhI mahattvapUrNa prastAvanA bhI cittAkarSaka haiN| pustaka ke prAraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa-svarUpa "sakala jJeya jJAyaka tadapi..." vAlI bahupracalita evaM aneka bAra prakAzita ho cukI hai| isake uparAnta AdinAtha svAmI, abhinaMdananAtha jI, padmaprabha jI, candraprabha jI, vAsupUjya svAmI, zAntinAtha jI, kuMthunAtha jI, naminAtha jI, neminAtha jI, pArzvanAtha jI evaM mahAvIra svAmI ke stutiparaka lagabhaga 24 bhajana/stutiyA~ haiN| isake bAda lagabhaga 100 bhajana darzana-adhyAtma evaM bhakti kA anupama triveNI saMgama prastuta karate haiN| inameM se bhI kaI bhajana pUrva-prakAzita bhajana-saMgrahoM meM prakAzita mila sakate haiN| kiMtu paM0 daulatarAma jI kI samagra kRti ke rUpa meM daulata-vilAsa' meM unakA prakAzana eka vyApaka dRSTibodha detA hai| isa lokopayogI prakAzana ke lie prakAzaka-saMsthAna tathA sampAdaka-anuvAdaka vidvAn --donoM hI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| -sampAdaka ** (5) pustaka kA nAma : dIpAvalI-pUjana sampAdikA : zrImatI nItU jaina prakAzaka : zrI nAnagarAma jaina jauharI mUlya : dasa rupaye, (paparabaika, DimAI sAIz2a, pRSTha 56) dIpAvalI-pajana' sambandhI sAmagrI kamobeza anekoM pUjana-pATha kI pustakoM meM tathA svataMtra laghukRtiyoM ke rUpa meM yadyapi anekatra anekoMbAra prakAzita ho cukI hai| isa saMskaraNa meM viSayagata vyApakatA tathA apekSAkRta zuddha prakAzana kI pramukhatA hai| lokavyavahAra kI upayogI yaha pustaka saMbhavata: aneka logoM ke kAma aayegii| viduSI saMpAdikA ne bhI paryApta zrama kiyA hai| isa upayogI prakAzana ke liye prakAzaka zrImAn dharmAnurAgI nAnagarAma jI caina jauharI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| sampAdaka ** "naratve'vi pazUyante, mithyAtvagrastacetasaH / pazutve'pi narAyante, smyktvvyktcetnaa||" __ -(amarakoza, 5/1/4 pRSTha 30) artha:- mithyAtva se vyApta hai citta jinakA, aise mithyadRSTi jIva manuSya hokara ke bhI pazuoM ke samAna AcaraNa karate haiM aura samyaktva se yukta hai cetanA jinakI. aise | samyagdRSTi jIva pazu hote huye bhI manuSya ke samAna AcaraNa karate haiN| ** 10 102 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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abhimata 'prAkRtavidyA' ke navIna aMka se jJAta huA ki zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, prAkRtabhASA vibhAga ne zata-pratizata parIkSA pariNAma hAsila kiyA hai, isake liye vidyArthiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha Apa bhI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| kyoMki Apake hI vidvattApUrNa mArgadarzana kA yaha suphala hai / AcArya dvitIya varSa ke parIkSAphala meM 82.5 pratizata aMka hAsila karake zrImatI raMjanA jaina jI ne 'prathama sthAna prApta kiyA hai, isake liye unheM bhI hamArI tarapha se bahuta - bahuta badhAIyA~ svIkRta ho / zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha isI taraha se dinoM dina uccAMka hAsila karatA rahe va usake vidyArthI deza ke gaurava meM apanA sahayoga dete raheM yahI hamArI zubhakAmanA hai / 1 - sau0 zarayU daphtarI, mumbaI ** * 'prAkRtavidyA' kA apraila-jUna 2000 I0 kA aMka milaa| prAkRtavidyA ke mAdhyama se hI mujhe 'NamokAramaMtra' kA jJAna milaa| pichale aMkoM meM kaI prasaMgoM meM isa mantra ke bAre meM par3hA hai| parantu isa aMka meM zrI jayacandra zarmA kA lekha 'NamokAramaMtra kI jApasaMkhyA aura paMcatantrI vINA' (jo 'arhat vacana' se sAbhAra liyA gayA hai) sarvathA naI jAnakArI pradAna karatA hai| dhvani kA prabhAva Adhunika cikitsA zAstrI, vaijJAnika, evaM manISI vidvAn sabhI mAnane lage haiN| akSarAMka - zakti ke saMdarbha meM 'NamokAramaMtra' kA varNana tathA dhvanizAstrasaMbaMdhI vivecanAyeM adbhuta haiM / isa saMdarbha meM mahAmaMtra kI upayogitA evaM mahattA aura prasphuTita huI hai / -DaoN0 (zrImatI) praveza saksenA, naI dillI ** prAkRtavidyA kA aMka par3hA, pratyeka lekha paThanIya hai, zramaNa saMskRti kA kendra bhArata sanAtana se hai| gorakSaka ahiMsaka saMskRti lekha pUjya AcArya vidyAnanda jI mahArAjakRta par3hA, isameM dayA prANImAtra kA mUla kahA hai| "dayA samo nahi dhammo, anna samAna uttama dAnaM / sattasamo nahi kIrti, sIla samo na siMgAro / / " artha:- dayA samAna dharma, anna hI uttama dAna va sattva hI kIrti hai, zIla sabhI kA hai / deva bhI natamastaka hote haiN| AryoM kI dharohara pratimA va zAstra hai 1 bhUSaNa - vaidya paM0 nanheMlAla jaina 'prabhAkara', caderiyA ( ma0pra ) ** prAkRtavidyA apraila - jUna 2000I0 kA aMka prApta huA hai / AbhAra / 'kAtantra prAkRtavidyAjulAI-sitambara 2000 0 103

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vyAkaraNa' para rASTrIya seminAra kA vivaraNa pddh'aa| kAtantra-vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM ke AdhAra para AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne zreNika caritra (aparanAma durgavRtti vyAzraya kAvya) kI racanA kI hai| adyAvadhi apragaTa isa kAvya meM (kAtantra vyAkaraNa ke udAharaNoM ko aura zreNika caritra kA guMphana huA hai) hama isakA saMpAdana kara rahe hai. ata: etadviSayaka lekha jisa aMka meM pragaTa huye haiN| -Ao municandra sUri, (ahamadAbAda) ** ___apraila-jUna 2000I0 meM prAkRtavidyA meM prakAzita lekha 'jainadarzana meM ratnatraya kI mImAMsA' meM DaoN0 dayAcandra jI sAhityAcArya ne yaha batAkara ki "cAroM anuyogoM kI apekSA samyagdarzana ke lakSaNoM meM zabdoM kI apekSA antara pratibhASita hotA hai| para AtmazraddhAna kI apekSA koI antara nahIM hai, cAroM anuyogoM kI samAna upayogitA para prakAza DAlA hai| ___prAya: karaNAnuyoga va dravyAnuyoga ke satata svAdhyAyapremiyoM se sunA jAtA hai ki prathamAnuyoga to ve par3heM, jo mandabuddhi hai| prathamAnuyoga ke granthoM meM AnevAlI kaThinAI ko nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa yaha kahakara bhI TAla dete haiM ki "jaba AtmA kA itanA bar3A Ananda le liyA, to usake sAmane ye saba phIke haiN|" ina sabhI bAtoM ke bIca sabhI ke liye yaha Alekha eka dizAbodhaka hai| -zrImatI snehalatA jaina, mAnasarovara, jayapura ** Apake dvArA bhejI jA rahI patrikA barAbara prApta ho rahI hai. usameM bar3e hI jJAnavardhaka lekha par3hane evaM samajhane ke liye prApta hote haiM, isake liye Apako hArdika dhanyavAda hai| -sumata jaina, iTAvA (u0pra0) ** apraila-jUna 2000I0 prAkRtavidyA kA aMka bar3A suhaayaa| aneka lekha to itane jAnakArIpUrNa hai ki isa prati ko Age bAra-bAra uddhRta karane ke liye surakSita rakhane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| bhASA ke vistRta vivaraNoM ne mahattva aura bhI bar3hAyA hai| -tejarAja jaina, maisUra (karnA0) ** 'prAkRtavidyA' kA nayA aMka milaa| isakA hara eka lekha mahattvapUrNa aura saMgrAhya hai| -paM0 bAhubalI pA0 upAdhye, (karnATaka) ** mAha apraila-jUna 2000I0 prAkRtavidyA kA aMka milA, AbhAra / aMka surucipUrNa, paThanIya evaM jJAnavardhaka sAmagrI se otaprota hai| sampAdakIya meM dhArmika-sAmAjika AyojanoM kI upAdeyatA dazati hue samyagdarzana ke do mahattvapUrNa aMgoM--sthitikaraNa aura prabhAvanA para dRSTipAta karate dharmAtmAjanoM ke kartavyoM kA bodha karAkara eka nayA soca paidA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jo sarAhanIya hai| prAkRta kA saMskRta se sAmaMjasya, AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM kI bhASA NamokAra-maMtra saMbaMdhI lekha zodhapUrNa hokara cintana ke lie mArgaprazasta karate haiN| prAkRtavidyA prazasti-hindI anuvAda mUla jaisA hI sazakta aura bodhagamya lagatA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI prAsaMgikatA Alekha saMkSipta hote hue bhI bar3A vizaleSAtmaka tathA sAragarbhita hai| ikkIsavIM sadI - kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA svarNayuga saMbaMdhI prativedana adhyayana hetu acchI sAmagrI detA hai| azoka jI kA saMsmaraNa antaraMgatA liye hokara prabhAvita 00 104 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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karatA hai| jainadarzana meM ratnatraya kI mImAMsA AtmAnubhUti hetu mArgaprazasta karatA hai| AtmasAdhaka bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa evaM unakA 'brahmavilAsa' navIna kavi kA paricaya AkarSita karatA hai| pustaka samIkSA bhI unheM dekhane kI lalaka jagAtI hai| sAtha hI jaina saMskRti Adi sambandhI anya jAnakArI bhI acchI hai| samAcAradarzana bhI bahuta sArI sAmagrI jAnane hetu prastuta karatA hai| sabhI dRSTi se aMka acchA bana par3A hai| badhAI svIkAra kreN| -madana mohana varmA, gvAliyara. (ma0pra0) ** _ "eka mahattvapUrNa patra' saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAoM ke eka manISI sAdhaka ke 'prAkRtavidyA' ke bAre meM vicAra samAdaraNIya sudIpa jI ! ApakI sampAdakIya manISA se maNDita svayaM Apake hAthoM prApta kara Antarika prasAda kA bodha huaa| 'prAkRtavidyA' ne hindI kI jaina sAhityika zodha-patrakAritA meM apanI ullekhanIya pahicAna kAyama kI hai aura jainavidyA ke bahakoNIya zAstrIya-cintana kI dizA meM isakI bhUmikA sAtizaya mahattvapUrNa hai| ___mahAmahima AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke pAvana AzIrvAda se saMcAlita zrI kundakunda bhAratI TrasTa ko bhI isa patrikA ne viziSTa asmitA pradAna kI hai| yathAprApta aMka meM pariveSita sAmagrI to mahAgha hai hI. jJAnonmeSaka bhI hai| vizeSata: ApakA sampAdakIya naI vaicArika USmA kA janaka hai| DaoN0 rAjArAma jI kA Alekha aitihAsika mUlya kA hai| bhUriza: saadhuvaad|| --vidyAvAcaspati DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA (bihAra) ** 9 'prAkRtavidyA' patrikA mila gaI thI, par3hakara mana ko vizeSa zAMti prApta huii| hamako bahuta acchI lgii| AcArya vidyAnanda jI kA 'abhIkSNajJAnopayoga' vAlA lekha to bahuta hI acchA lgaa| anya lekha bhI acche haiN| pustaka-samIkSA evaM samAcAra-staMbha se bhI jJAnavRddhi --khemacanda jaina, lAlasoTa (rAja0) ** huii| asahiSNutA kI mUrti "rAgeNa dabheNa madodayeNa, saMjatta-ciMtA viNayeNa hiinnaa| koheNa loheNa kilissamANA, kIvaNadA hoMti asy-kaayaa||" -(AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatti. 1533) artha:-- isa kalikAla meM vinaya se hIna evaM ciMtA se yukta manuSya, rAga, dambha, mada, krodha evaM lobha se klezita hote huye nirdayatA evaM IrSyA kI mUrti hote haiN| ** prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 105

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(samAcAra darzana zimalAmeM akhila bhAratIya prAkRta-saMgoSThI Ayojita himAcala pradeza kI rAjadhAnI zimalA ke aitihAsika evaM supratiSThita rASTrapati nivAsa (pUrva vAyasarAya hAusa) meM dinAMka 20 evaM 21 aktUbara 2000 ke 'prAkata ke muktaka kAvyoM meM pragIta-paramparA' viSaya para dvidivasIya rASTriya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isameM vizvavikhyAta manISI pro0 govindracandra pANDeya jI ne viSaya-pravartana karate hue prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya kI mahanIyatA para prakAza ddaalaa| kula cAra zaikSaNika satroM meM calI isa viziSTa saMgoSThI kA Ayojana rASTrIya uccatara adhyayana saMsthAna (N.I.A.S.) ke dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| isake yazasvI nidezaka pro0 vinoda candra zrIvAstava jI ne atyanta garimApUrvaka isa saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyaa| isakI pramukha vizeSatA yaha rahI ki prAkRta ke muktaka-kAvyoM para svatantra rUpa se pUrNatayA navIna dRSTi se isameM vidvAnoM ne cintana prastuta kiye| pratyeka Alekha saMgrahaNIya evaM mananIya thaa| isameM sammilita vidvAnoM meM pro0 kalAnAtha zAstrI, pro0 harIrAma AcArya, DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva, pro0 dharmacaMdra jaina, pro0 bhAgacandra 'bhAskara', DaoN0 sudIpa jaina, DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina, DaoN0 (zrImatI) rAkA jaina Adi pramukha the| ___ aisI uccastarIya saMgoSThiyoM ke Ayojana ke lie harasaMbhava protsAhana milanA cAhie. tAki prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya ke lie acchA vAtAvaraNa evaM upayukta maMca mila sake aura isakI gaurava-garimA se sabhI jana paricita ho skeN| -sampAdaka ** nAsika meM 'mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSad' kI sthApanA "mahArASTra meM jaina itihAsa kI jar3e kAphI gaharAI taka phailI huI hai| zodha kArya yahA~ bar3e paimAne para ho sakatA hai| mahArASTra ke sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanaitika evaM bhASAsaMbaMdhI jaina itihAsa kA zodhakArya zodhArthiyoM ke AnaMda kA bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai| isa zodha khoja ko dikhA mile tathA zodhArthiyoM ko eka maMca prApta ho, isa uddezya se yahA~ para 'mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSada' kI sthApanA ho rahI hai". ye vicAra isa pariSada ke adhyakSa DaoN0 gajakumAra zahA ne abhivyakta kiye| nAsika ke phArmesI kaoNleja ke prAcArya jayakumAra zAMtinAtha zeTe ke sahayoga se Ayojita isa baiThaka meM dIpajyoti kA prajjvalana paM0 dhanyakumAra belokara tathA anya vidvAnoM ke sahayoga 00 106 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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se pariSad kI sthApanA sampanna huii| mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSad kI AvazyakatA, kAryakSetra, tathA usake svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM isa pariSada ke saMyojaka tIrthakara (marAThI) ke saMpAdaka zreNika annadAte ne vistAra se jAnakArI dii| pariSada kI upAdhyakSA DaoN0 sau0 padmajA pATIla, adhivyAkhyAtA itihAsa - zivAjI vidyApITha, saciva - zreNika annadAte tathA koSAdhyakSa - zazikAMta saitavAla ko niyukta kiyA gyaa| ___ isa pariSada kA kAryAlaya C/o marAThavADA graMtha bikrI kendra, 38 tulasI ArkeDa, kaeNnaoNTa gArDana ke pAsa, TAUna senTara, siDako, ena-5, auraMgAbAda-431003 hai| pariSada kA pahalA adhivezana nAsika meM hI Ayojita kiyA jaayegaa| usI samaya mahArASTra ke itihAsa para zodha-nibaMdhoM kA eka saMgraha bhI prakAzita kiyA jaaegaa| tathA eka smArikA bhI prakAzita kI jaaegii| 'mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSada' ko acchA janAdara mila rahA hai| -zreNika annadAte, mumbaI ** jarUratamaMdoM kI madada ke liye TAimsa phAuMDezana bila geTsa apanI bhArata yAtrA ke daurAna baineTa kolamena eNDa kampanI kI adhyakSa indu jaina se bhI mile| yaha mulAkAta ikaoNnaoNmika TAImsa aura mAikrosaoNphTa kI dillI ikAI dvArA saMyukta rUpa se Ayojita 'TeknaoNlaoNjI samiTa' ke daurAna huii| isa mulAkAta se zrImatI jaina ne unheM TAimsa phAuMDezana kI yojanAoM ke dastAveja bhI bheMTa kiye| __TAimsa phAuMDezana kI sthApanA AdhyAtmika, naitika, sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika vikAsa ke kAma meM lage gairasarakArI saMgaThanoM ko madada dene ke liye kI gaI hai| phAuMDezana kA vizvAsa hai ki kisI bhI majabUta aura lokatAMtrika samAja ke liye aisA bahumukhI vikAsa eka jarUrI AdhAra hotA hai| phAuMDezana ina gairasarakArI saMgaThanoM ko anya sarakAroM, saMgaThanoM aura vyaktiyoM se dhana upalabdha karAne meM madadagAra ke rUpa meM kArya kregaa| phAuMDezana kI koziza gairasarakArI saMgaThanoM ke jarie una kSetroM meM sakArAtmaka parivartana lAne kI hai, jo Aja taka upekSA kA zikAra rahe haiN| phAuMDezana kA vizvAsa hai ki pragati ke liye AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA honA jarUrI hai| Aja hama tanAva se bharI jisa duniyA meM raha rahe haiM, usameM AdhyAtmika samajha hI hamameM apanI naitika virAsata ke prati niSThA paidA kara sakatI hai| skUla, mIDiyA aura sUcanA takanIka ke naye sAdhanoM ke jariye AdhyAtmikatA ko AdamI aura samAja ke jIvana kA jarUrI hissA banAyA jA sakatA hai| phAuMDezana apane sahayogiyoM ke sAtha milakara pAraMparika kalA-kauzala ko protsAhita karane aura sAMskRtika virAsata ko bacAye rakhane kI koziza kregaa| ___ phAuMDezana sarakAroM, gairasarakArI saMsthAoM aura vyaktiyoM se dAna legaa| vizeSajJoM kI eka samiti upayukta saMgaThanoM ora saMsthAoM kA cunAva karegI, jinheM yaha dhana sahAyatA rAzi yA RNa ke rUpa meM upalabdha karAyA jaayegaa| ina pariyojanAoM para kAma kisa taraha kA ho prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 00 107

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rahA hai, isakA phAuMDezana ke adhikArI dhyAna rakheMge / -rameza jaina eDavokeTa ** rAjasthAna hAIkorTa ne jaina - samudAya ko alpasaMkhyaka mAnA rAjasthAna hAIkorTa ne 'jaina samudAya' ko rAjya meM alpasaMkhyaka dhArmika samudAya mAnA hai| hAIkorTa ne 16 sitambara ko kahA ki isa samudAya dvArA saMcAlita va sthApita zaikSaNika saMsthAna saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 29 va 30 meM pradatta adhikAra prayoga karane meM adhikArI haiN| isa nirNaya se rAjasthAna meM bhI jaina samudAya ko rAjya meM alpasaMkhyaka kA darjA hAsila ho jAyegA / rAjasthAna hAIkorTa jodhapura ke nyAyAdhIza rAjeza bAliyA ne isa saMbaMdha meM vijaya zAMti ejUkezanala TrasTa kI yAcikA ko maMjUra kara liyaa| TrasTa ke vakIla mahendra siMha siMghavI ne pairavI kI thii| nyAyAdhIza ne kahA ki jaina samudAya eka alaga dhArmika samudAya hai| rAjasthAna meM usakI janasaMkhyA alpa hone ke kAraNa yaha alpasaMkhyaka dhArmika samudAya kI zreNI meM AtA hai| adAlata ne kahA ki kendra sarakAra dvArA isa saMbaMdha meM adhisUcanA jArI karane yA na karane bhara se isa samudAya ko saMvidhAna meM diye alpasaMkhyaka samudAya ke adhikAroM se vaMcita nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| donoM pakSoM ko sunane ke bAda nyAyAdhIza bAliyA ne phaisalA diyA ki suprImakorTa dvArA pratipAdita siddhAMta ke anusAra jo samudAya kisI rAjya meM alpasaMkhyaka hai. usake saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 29 va 30 meM ullekhita adhikAra prApta hai| suprIma korTa va dillI hAIkorTa ne isa bAbata mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| kendra sarakAra dvArA jArI adhisUcanA eka sImita uddezya ke liye hai na ki anuccheda 29 va 30 saMbaMdhI adhikAra prayoga meM lene ke liye hai / adAlata ne kahA ki suprImakorTa dvArA seMTa sTIphana ke mAmale meM diye phaisale ke anusAra yAcikAkartA apane kaoNleja meM pacAsa phIsadI sITeM apane samudAya ke vidyArthiyoM ke liye ArakSita rakha sakatA hai| isake liye vaha khuda parIkSA Ayojita kara sakatA hai yA rAjya sarakAra dvArA Ayojita parIkSA meM se ina chAtroM ko le sakatA hai 1 sthAnIya netRtva ne jaina samudAya se apIla kI hai ki janagaNanA meM dharma ke kAlama meM 'jaina' jarUra aMkita krvaayeN| unhoMne rAjya sarakAra se rAjya alpasaMkhyaka Ayoga meM jaina samudAya kA eka pratinidhi manonIta karane kI bhI mAMga kI hai| -sampAdaka ** zruta-saMvarddhana vArSika puraskAra - 2000 samarpaNa samAroha yuvA upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI munirAja kI preraNA se sthApita 'zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna. meraTha' dvArA pravartita 'zruta saMvarddhana vArSika puraskAra - 2000' kA samarpaNa samAroha ahiMsA sthala, alavara meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| 5 zruta saMvarddhana puraskAroM meM se pratyeka ke antargata ru0 31,000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti patra se sammAnita kiyA gayA / 1. AcArya zAMtisAgara chANI smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2000 paM0 nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, indaura ( ma0pra0) 108 prAkRtavidyA- julAI-sitambara '2000

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2. AcArya sUryasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 DaoN0 jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u0pra0) 3. AcArya vimalasAgara (bhiNDa) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 DaoN0 zekharacaMda jaina ahamadAbAda (gujarAta) 4. AcArya sumatisAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 DaoN0 bI0ke0 khar3abar3I miraja (mahA0) 5. muni varddhamAnasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 DaoN0 (zrImatI) razmi jaina, phirojAbAda (u0pra0)--DaoN0 anupama jaina, indaura ** zrI yazapAla jaina divaMgata prakhyAta gAMdhIvAdI lekhaka tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM ke zreSTha puraskartA zrI yazapAla jaina kA dinAMka 10 akTUbara ko nAgadA (ma0pra0) meM nidhana ho gyaa| sastA sAhitya maNDala' ke maMtrI ke rUpa meM unhoMne mUlyaparaka sAhitya ke prakAzana meM mahatI bhUmikA nibhaayii| unheM do bAra soviyata laiNDa neharu puraskAra', 1960 meM padmazrI tathA 1963 meM 'sAhityavAcaspati' upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| 'prAkRtavidyA-parivAra' kI ora se divaMgata AtmA ko sugatigamana evaM bodhilAbha kI . kAmanA se zraddhAsumana samarpita haiN| -sampAdaka ** Avazyaka-nivedana jainavidyA, bhAratIya saMskRti, itihAsa, purAtattva evaM sAhitya ke atirikta prAkRta, saMskRta. apabhraMza, pAli evaM hindI sAhitya ke samasta sArasvata vidvAnoM evaM siddhahasta lekhakoM se vinamra anurodha hai ki ApakI snehabhAjana patrikA prAkRtavidyA' kA janavarI-mArca 2000 kA aMka 'bhagavAn mahAvIra' evaM 'AryA candanA' (satI candanabAlA) ke caritroM para kendrita vizeSAMka hogaa| inake vividha pahaluoM para apanI yazasvI lekhanI se sRjita kara Alekha, kavitA, kahAnI, Adi yathAzIghra sAdara AmaMtrita hai| kRpayA 30 disambara 2000 taka Apa apanI racanA meM A-4 meM TaMkita karAkara bhijvaayeN| Alekha 4-5 pRSThoM se lambA na ho tathA sAragarbhita, zodhaparaka evaM tathyapuSTa ho - isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhane kI vinatI hai| ' 'sampAdaka-maNDala' ke nirNayAnusAra prakAzana-sAmagrI prakAzita kI jaayegii| / kRpayA apanI racanA ke bAre meM maulika', 'aprakAzita/prakAzita' evaM mAtra 'prAkRtavidyA meM prakAzanArtha preSita' --ina binduoM kA avazya ullekha kreN| -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA ke svatvAdhikArI evaM prakAzaka zrI surezacandra jaina, maMtrI, zrI kundakunda bhAratI, 18-bI. spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 dvArA prakAzita; evaM mudraka zrI mahendra kumAra jaina dvArA, pRthA oNphaseTsa prA0 li0. naI dillI-110028 para mudrit| bhArata sarakAra paMjIyana saMkhyA 48869/89 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000

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isa aMka ke lekhaka-lekhikAyeM 1. DaoN0 dayAcandra sAhityAcArya saMskRta-sAhitya-jagat meM Apa eka mUrdhanya vidvAn ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM, tathA jainadarzana, itihAsa evaM saMskRti ke kSetra meM bhI ApakA vyApaka adhyayana hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita jainadarzana meM jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA', lekha ApakA hai| / sthAyI patA-prAcArya, zrI gaNeza di0 jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, lakSmIpurA, morAjI, sAgara470002 (ma0pra0) 2. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha Apa vayovRddha jainavidvAn evaM kavi haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita hai pAvana pardUSaNa ! Ao' zIrSaka hindI kavitA Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--769, godikoM kA rAstA, kizanapola bAjAra, jayapura-302003 (rAja0) 3.vidyAvAcaspati DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva Apa prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke acche vidvAn haiN| lekhana evaM ciMtana kI maulikatA Apake sRjana meM pratibimbita rahatI hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'AdipurANa meM bimba aura saundarya' ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA-- pI0ena0 sinhA kaoNlonI, bhikhanA pahAr3I, paTanA-800006 (bihAra) 4. DaoN0 harirAma AcArya--Apa bhAratIya saMskRti evaM saMskRta-prAkRta ke adhikArI vidvAn haiN| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAga ke kRtakArya prophesara evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| hindI-saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke siddhahasta kavi va lekhaka haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'prAkRta kA lokapriya chaMda : gAhA' ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA-42-e, parNakuTI gaMgavAla pArka, jayapura-302004 (rAja0) 5. DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina Apa kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAga ke kRtakArya prophesara evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| jainadarzana, saMskRta, prAkRta evaM pAli Adi viSayoM para ApakA acchA adhikAra hai| anekoM pustakeM evaM zodha-Alekha Apane likhe haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'prAkRta saTTakoM meM prakRti-citraNa' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA racita hai| patrAcAra patA-38-I, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya-136119 (hariyANA) 6. zrImatI indu jaina Apa bhAratIya darzana evaM adhyAtma kI utkRSTa viduSI haiN| zAzvata mUlyoM ko vartamAna pariprekSya meM prabhAvI DhaMga se prastuta kara sakanA Apake ciMtana kI maulikatA ko darzAtA hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'ahiMsA hI vizvazAMti kA upAya' zIrSaka Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA-6, saradAra paTela mArga, naI dillI-110001 00 110 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '20000

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7. DaoN0 rAjamala jaina--jaina saMskRti, itihAsa evaM purAtattva ke kSetra meM Apa eka jAne mAne hastAkSara haiN| Apake dvArA likhe gaye anekoM pustakeM evaM lekha prakAzita haiN| sevAnivRtti ke bAda bhI nirantara adhyayana evaM lekhana ke sAtha-sAtha. zodhapUrNa kAryoM meM nirata rahate haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita prAcIna bhArata' pustaka meM kucha aura bhrAmaka kathana', zIrSaka kA Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA--bI-1/324, janakapurI, naI dillI-110058 8. DaoN0 (zrImatI) mAyA jaina Apa jainadarzana kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita bhASA, vibhASA aura zaurasenI' zIrSaka Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA--piUkuMja, aravinda nagara, glAsa phaikTrI caurAhA, udayapura-313001 (rAja0) 9. DaoN0 sudIpa jaina zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI meM 'prAkRtabhASA vibhAga' meM upAcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| tathA prAkRtabhASA pAThyakrama ke saMyojaka bhI haiN| anekoM pustakoM ke lekhaka, sampAdaka / prastuta patrikA ke 'mAnada sampAdaka' | isa aMka meM prakAzita sampAdakIya', ke atirikta dazalakSaNa dharma' evaM 'ASADhI pUrNimA : eka mahattvapUrNa tithi' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita haiN| sthAyI patA--bI-32, chattarapura eksaTeMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI-110030 10. zrImatI amitA jaina prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM jainavidyA kI svAdhyAyI vidussii| zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha meM saMcAlita prAkRtabhASA pAThyakrama meM adhyApana kArya ke sAtha-sAtha kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna meM digambara jaina sAhitya meM lezyA' viSaya para zodha kaaryrt| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'suyogha bahU', nAmaka lekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| patrAcAra-patA--bI-704, prathama tala, saphadarajaMga inkleva eksaTeMzana, naI dillI-110029 11.zrImatI raMjanA jaina Apa prAkRtabhASA, jainadarzana evaM hindI-sAhitya kI viduSI lekhikA haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha kI sUtrAtmaka zailI kI dRSTi se samIkSA' evaM 'pavayaNasAra ke maMgalAcaraNa kA samIkSAtmaka mUlyAMkana', 'prAkRtabhASA kA svarUpa evaM bheda-prabhedoM kA paricaya' Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--bI-32, chattarapura eksaTeMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI-110030 12. dharmendra jaina Apa jainadarzana evaM prAkRta ke zodha-chAtra haiM evaM sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura ke jainavidyA-prAkRta vibhAga' meM zodharata haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'adhyAtmaka sAdhaka (bIsavIM sadI ke mahAn AcArya zAntisAgara jI) kI sAmAjika cetanA' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA racita haiN| 13. zrImatI bindu jaina--Apa hiMdI evaM prAkRta kI adhyetrI viduSI haiM evaM zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha meM prAkRtabhASA vibhAga' meM ucca adhyayanarata haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita zikSA va saMskRti ke utthAna kI mahAn prerikA : ciroMjAbAI' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA racita haiN| sthAyI patA--157, candra vihAra, maMDAvalI, AI0pI0 eksaTeMzana, dillI-110092 prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara '2000 40 111

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'sarvAsveha hi zuddhAsu jAtiSu dvijsttmaaH| zaurasenI samAzritya bhASA kAvyeSu yojayet / / ' -(nATyazAstra) artha:-he zreSTha brAhmaNo ! sabhI zuddha jAtivAle logoM ke lie zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA Azraya lekara hI kAvyoM meM bhASA kA prayoga karanA caahiye| zaurasenI prAkRta "zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA kSetra kRSNa-sampradAya kA kSetra rahA hai| isI prAkRtabhASA meM prAcIna AbhIroM ke gItoM kI madhura abhivyaMjanA huI, jinameM sarvatra kRSNa kathApuruSa rahe haiM aura yaha paramparA brajabhASA-kAvyakAla taka akSuNNarUpa se pravAhita hotI A rahI hai|" ___-DaoN0 surendranAtha dIkSita (bharata aura bhAratIya nATyakalA. pRSTha 75) "bhaktikAlIna hiMdI kAvya kI pramukha bhASA brajabhASA' hai| isake aneka kAraNa haiN| paramparA se yahA~ kI bolI zaurasenI madhyadeza' kI kAvya-bhASA rahI hai| brajabhASA Adhunika AryabhASAkAla meM usI zaurasenI kA rUpa thii| isameM sUradAsa jaise mahAn lokapriya kavi ne racanA kI aura vaha kRSNa-bhakti ke kendra braja' kI bolI thI, jisase yaha kRSNa-bhakti kI bhASA bana gii|" -vizvanAtha tripAThI (hiMdI sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa. pR0 18) "mathurA jaina AcAryoM kI pravRttiyoM kA pramukha kendra rahA hai, ataeva unakI racanAoM meM zaurasenI-pramukhatA AnA svAbhAvika hai| zvetAMbarIya AgamagranthoM kI ardhamAgadhI aura digambarIya AgamagranthoM kI zaurasenI meM yahI baDA antara kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'ardhamAgadhI' meM racita AgamoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM dekhI jAtI, jabakI zaurasenI' meM racitabhASA kI ekarUpatA samagrabhAva se dRSTigocara hotI hai|" -DaoN0jagadIzacaMdra jaina (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa. pR0 30-31) "prAkRta boliyoM meM bolacAla kI bhASAyeM vyavahAra meM lAI jAtI hai, unameM sabase prathama sthAna zaurasenI kA hai| jaisA ki usakA nAma svayaM batAtA hai. isa prAkRta ke mUla meM zUrasena ke mUla meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA hai| isa zUrasena kI rAjadhAnI madhurA thii| -Ara. pizala (kamperiTiva grAmara oNpha prAkRta laiMgveja. praveza 30-31) prAkRtabhASA ke prayoktA "mathurA ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza 'zUrasena' nAma se prasiddha thA aura usa deza kI bhASA 'zaurasenI' kahalAtI thii| ukta ullekha se isa bhASA kI prAcInatA ariSTanemi se bhI pUrvavartI kAla taka pahu~catI hai|" -(maghavA zatAbdI mahotsava vyavasthA samiti. saradArazahara (rAja0) dvArA prakAzita saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa evaM koza kI paramparA' nAmaka pustaka se sAbhAra uddhRta)

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(bhArata sarakAra paMjIyana saMkhyA 48869/89) rAjagRha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa / meM jAte huye pathikoM ko jalapAna karAtI bAlikA "pAyantyidhvagAn gItvA bAlikA jlmekshH| punastAste na muJcanti ketakI bhramarA iv||" -(dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 7/109) arthaH- magadha deza kI kulakumArI-bAlikAyeM mArga meM calane vAle logoM ko madhura-madhura gItoM ko gAkara jala pilAtI haiN| isI se pathika loga bhI phira unake jalapAna ko usI prakAra nahIM chor3ate haiM, jaise ketakI puSpa ko bhramara nahIM chor3ate haiN| Printed at PRITHA OFFSETS (P) LTD. Ph.:5708654-55