Theories Of Parinama

Author(s): Indukala H Jhaveri
Publisher: Gujarat University

Page 48

The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jaina Theories of Pariņāma presumes Samkararya to be the author and places him about 1400 A D.11
34
Pariṇāma in Iśva rakṛṣṇa's Kārikā
we
As our main concern is with the theory of Pariņāma, shall here consider those Karikas which have a direct or indirect bearing upon it. Pariņāma, however, being a metaphysical concept can only be understood in relation to other metaphysical concepts of the Samkhya. Hence we shall have to take notice of these also.
Isvarakṛṣṇa analyses the whole universe into twenty-five principles, of which twenty-four, from the Avayakta-Prakṛti down to the gross Elements represent the mental and material creation, while the twenty-fifth, the Purusas, is distinct from these. The order of evolution of the twenty-four Principles is as follows: From the Prakṛti proceeds the Mahat, thence Individuation; from the Vaikṛta Individuation proceeds the group of eleven senses (five of knowledge, five of action and mind) characterised by Sattva; from the Bhūtādi Individuation proceed the subtle elements which are characterised by Tamas; from the Taijasa Individuation proceed both. Thus out of Individuation a group of sixteen is produced. Lastly from the five subtle elements arise the five gross elements. 12
Of these twenty-four principles the primal Prakṛti is not an evolute but an evolvent only as it becomes the cause of later principles and is itself not caused by anything. The group of seven, viz. Mahat, Individuation and the five subtle elements,
being the cause of some and the effect of others is called both the evolvent and the evolute, while the eleven organs and the five gross elements, being only the effects and not the causes of further
11 Introduction to Jayamangalā, p. 9.
cf. also Literary Gleanings in Q. J. of the Andhra Hist. R. S., Oct, 1927.
12 प्रकृतेर्महांस्ततोऽह‌ङ्कारस्तस्माद् गणश्च षोडशकः ।
तस्मादपि षोडशकात् पञ्चभ्यः पञ्च भूतानि ॥
Skā. 22.