Theories Of Parinama

Author(s): Indukala H Jhaveri
Publisher: Gujarat University

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The Sāṁkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Pariņāma:
traced back to Mahāvīra and his disciples. 1o The Digambara, however, repudiate the existing canon as spurious, merely a late
tālika); 6. Candävijjhaya (Bühler gives Candāvija); 7. Devindatthava (Devendrastava); 8. Gaņivijjā (Gaņividyā); 9. Mahāpaccakkhāņa. (Mahā-Pratyākhyāna); 10. Viratthava (Virastava). D. The six Cheya-Suttas (Cheda-sūtras) :- 1. Nisiha (Nisitha); 2. Mahānisiha (Māhā-nisītha); 3. Vavahāra (Vyavahāra); 4. Ayäradasão (Ācāradasāh) or Dasāsuyakkhandha (Daśāśrutaskandha); 5. Kappa (Bịhat-kalpa); 6. Pañcakappa (Pañca-kalpa.) E. Individual texts :- 1. Nandisutta (Nandi-sūtra); 2. Aņuogaddāra (Anuyogadvāra). F. The four Müla-suttas (Mūlasūtras): 1. Uttarājjhayaņa (Uttaradhyayana); 2. Avassaya (Avaśyaka); 3. Dasaveyāliya (Daśavaikālika); 4. Pinda-nijjutti (Piņda-Niryukti). According to the Śvetāmbaras, there were originally two kinds of sacred books, the fourteen 'Purvas' and the eleven 'Angas', the fourteen Purvās were, however, reckoned, to make up a twelfth Anga under the name of Dithivaya. The knowledge of the fourteen Pūrvas continued only down to Sthūlabhadra, the eighth patriarch after Mahāvira; the next seven patriarchs down to Vajra knew only ten Purvas, and after that time the remaining Pūrvas were gradually lost, until, at the time when the final redaction of the canon took place - 980 years after the death of Mahāvīra - all the Pūrvas had disappeared, and consequently the 12th Anga too. (cf. 'Studies in Jainism', p. 11-12). About the Angas : (For details cf. 'Parisiştaparvan' edited by Jacobi p. 1xxxii-lxxxiii and 'Vira Nirvāṇa Saṁvet and Jain kāla gananä' by Muni Kalyānavijayaji).
In the second century after Mahāvira's death there was a terrible famine in the land of Magadha which lasted for 12 years. At that time the Maurya Candragupta was the king of Magadha and Thera Bhadrabāhu was the head of the Jain community. Owing to fantine Bhadrabāhu migrated to Nepal. During these unsettled times, themonks neglected their regular studies so that the sacred lore was on the point of falling into oblivion. The Sangha therefore {reassem-- bling in Pätaliputra when the famine was over, collected the fragments of the canon which the monks happened to recollect, and in this way brought together the eleven Angas. In order to recover the Ditthivāya, the Sangha sent 500 monks, with Sthülabhadra as their leader, to Bhadrabāhu in Nepal, who had then undertaken the 'mahaprāna' vow, lasting for twelve years, but all of them except Sthūlabhadra, becoming tired by the slowness of their progress, soon fell off; Șthūlabhadra alone stayed out the whole term of his master's