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The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Parinama:
This consideration as well as the greater frequency of the term Paryāya leads one to believe that Paryayavāda must have been. the original doctrine of the Jains, particularly so when we bear: in mind that the term Paryāya does not occur in the sense in other darganas. On the other hand, the concept of Pariņāma was. a common property and so must have been used by the Jain thinkers to explain their doctrine of Paryāya.
The Tattvartha-Sūtra shows a more philosophical develop- ! ment, reflecting the influence of other darśanas. In the fashion of the Vaiseşikas, Dravya is defined as consisting of Guna (quality). in addition to the orthodox Paryāya (mode). The word sat is used to denote reality and is defined as consisting of origination, decay and permanence. This pature of reality is called Pariņāma in: 'agyta: qfCOTA: 1? This approach leads to the application of Utpada, Vyaya and Dhrauvya to anything about which existence can be predicated.
Amongst the Jains, Kundakunda may be called the philosopher of Pariņāma, par excellence. He describes reality - Sattā as. HTTGFIT, 571, 3.ragafar, startufat etc.' and in that way puts together all the elements of reality which were teft loose by Umāsvāti. The nature of reality is clearly stated to be Pariņāma which becomes analytically defined as utpada, vyaya and dhrauvya. Again, by showing invariable concomitance between utapāda, vyaya and dhrauvya, he clarifies the concept of Pariņāma as a unitarily related process. This unitary character is also brought out by pointing to two types of bhedas Has - viz. Pșthaktva i.e. distinction due to separate space-points and Anyatva. i.e. distinction based upon subjective analysis - and stating that Dravya, Guņa and Paryāya are not 'prthak' but only ‘anya'. He compares and shows the relation between the two triplets of utpāda-vyaya-dhrauvya on one side, and Dravya-Guņa-Paryāya on the other, by declaring , that utpāda and vyaya belong to Paryaya while Dravya is what, is dhruva or permanent in a thing.
