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The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Pariņāma
With these general remarks we may proceed to consider the nature and functions of each of these substances.
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Jiva :
The main characteristic of Java is stated to be uvaoga, the capacity to attend and to know. The other characteristics are knowledge (nāna), faith (darsana), conduct (cāritta), austerities (tava), energy (viriya) and the experience of happiness and misery. From the standpoint of substance (dravya), Jiva is described to be infinite (in number), from that of khetta ( ksetra), pervading the Logāgāsa, from that of Time, eternal, and from that of bhava, devoid of colour, taste, smell and touch. Each Jiva has innumerable (asamkhyāta) space-points, i.e. equivalent to those of Logāgāsa.10 Though Jiva is arūvi, it acquires the size and form of the body which it comes to inhabit as a result of karmas. Its space-points
17 उवओगलक्खणे णं जीवे ।
:8
जीवो उवओगलक्खणो ।
10
Bh Su. 13,4.481, 2.10.117
Ut. S. 28.10
नाणेणं दंसणेणं च सुहेण य दुहेण य ॥१०॥ नाणं च दंसणं चेव चरितं च तवो तहा ।
वीरियं उवओगो य एयं जीवस्स लक्खणं ॥११॥
Ut. Su. 28.10.11. Cf Also Bh. Su. 13.4.481
9 दव्वओ णं जीवत्थिकाए अनंताई जीवदव्वाई, खेत्तओ लोगप्पमाणमेत्ते, कालओ न कयाइ न आसि जाव निच्चे, भावओ पुण अवण्णे अगंधे अरसे अफासे, गुणओ उवओगगुणे ।”
Bh. Sū. 2.10.117.
केवतिया णं भंते ! लोयागासपएसा पन्नत्ता ? 'गोयमा ! असंखेज्जा लोयागासपएसा पन्नत्ता ॥"
' एगमेगस्स णं भंते । जीवस्स केवइया जीवपएसा पन्नता ?" 'गोयमा ! जावतिया लोगागासपएसा एगमेगस्स
णं जीवस्स एवतिया जीवपएसा पण्णत्ता ॥ '
Bh. Su. 7.8.283. The terms Sankhyata ( संख्यात) Asankhyata (असंख्यात ) and Ananta
