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Role of Remote Sensing in Archaeology with Special Reference...
221 carrier of sensors (High Tech Camera). They acquire the data (RSD) in the form of aerial photograph and imagery of the earth surface.
The word "archaeology" comes from the Greek word Archaios meaning ancient of arche meaning beginning and logos meaning theory "or'science (Jhanwar, 2005). Archaeology is essentially a method of reconstructing the past from the surviving traces of former societies. Every thing made by human beings from simple tools to complex machines, from the earlier temples and tombs to palaces, cathedrals and pyramids. Generally, the objects of investigations are situated on the surface of the earth.
The famous "Gwalior fort” lies in between the Cartesian coordinates 26° 12' 35" to 26° 14'06" N and 78° 09' 45" to 78° 10' 32" E, falls in Survey of India toposheet no. 54 J/4. Almost N-S striking fort is covering approximately 4400 sq. mt. area. Maximum thickness of the fort hill is 86 meters (Ground level at 220 meter from MSL and Bench mark (top of the hilly at 306 meter from MSL). The said monument sites are at top and around the fort hill. Materials and Methodology 1. On the basis of recognition elements of remote sensing techniques the archaeological/ Jainological sites are marked through the interpretation of RSD. 2. Satellite Image IRS ID L-3, Geocoded, MAP ID 54 J/4, Scale 1:50,000 is used for same (Pl. 29.1). 3. Survey of India toposheet (Pl. 29.2) (Map ID - 54 J/3, Scale 1:50,000) is used for preparing the base map of Gwalior fort (Fig. 29.1). 4. GPS (Global Positioning System) Technology is used to confirm the locations of the Jains colossi. Location and Approach to the sites Location and approach to the sites under investigations are shown in Pl. 29.2 and Fig. 29.1. Remotely Sensed Data (RSD)
Generally two type of RSD are used in archaeological survey namely: 1. Aerial Photograph - Aerial photography is defined as the science of making photographs from the air, for studying the surface of the earth (Miller and Miller, 1961). Aerial photography is done from the airborne platform with the help of aircraft (carrier of sensor/ camera). There are only three authorized agencies of Govt. of India for aerial photography as follows in table 1: Table - 1 S. No. Code Name of Agency
i) A Indian Air Force (ii) 'B' Air Survey Co. (iii) C NRSA
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