Book Title: Nyaya Pravesha Part 1
Author(s): Anandshankar B Dhruva
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

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Page 147
________________ न्या. भ. सु. त्रिरूपः = त्रिस्वभाषः, possessed of a three-fold nature. P. 16, 1. 8 पक्षशब्देन... Here ' पक्ष' stands for the धर्मिन् alone, that is the whole for the part ( अवयवे समुदायापचारात् ). The reader will remember that the whole is " धर्मविशिष्ट धर्मी ( 980 न्या. प्र.व. P15, 11. 21-23 and note thereon). P. 16, 11. 12-15 23 पञ्जिका P 46. ab , स च स्वभावकार्यानुपलम्भाख्यस्त्रिप्रकारः — The Panjikā introduces a different kind of त्रैरूप्य — which is not given in the text or the Vrtti. A हेतु, it says, is of three kinds: ( 1 ) स्वभाव, that is the very being or essence of the साध्य, eg. ' वृक्षोऽयं शिशपात्वात् '' This is a tree, because it is a sirns apá' (a species of tree. ) ( 2 ) 'कार्य', that is, the effect of the साध्य, eg. 'अभिरत्र धूमात्' There is fire because there is smoke' ; and (3) अनुपलम्भ, that is, non-perception which leads to the inference of absence. c. g. ' प्रदेशविशेषे क्वचिद्धटस्योपलब्धिलक्षणप्राप्तस्यानुपलब्धिरिति - घट which should have been found at a particu lar place is not found there and therefore the inference is that it does not exist there. For these three of the Middle Terms and subdivisions of the third kind see Dr. Vidyabhassana's H. I. L. pp. 311-12; see also Dharmakirti's Nyāyabindu Pariccheda II, and Dharmottara's Tika thereon :- त्रीभ्येव च लिङ्गानि । अनुपलब्धिः स्वभावकार्ये चेति । तत्रानुपलब्धिर्यथा न प्रदेशविशेषे क्वचिद्धट उपलब्धिलक्षणप्राप्तस्यानुपलब्धेरिति ।...। स्वभावः स्वसत्तामात्र भाविनि साध्यधर्मे हेतुः यथा वृक्षोऽयं शिंशपात्वादिति । कार्ये यथातिरत्र धूमादिति अत्र द्वौ वस्तुसाधनौ । एकः प्रतिषेधहेतुः । " CF 1 The inferential character of these three kinds of has been thus shown in the N. Bindu :- "स्वभावप्रतिबन्धे हि सत्यर्थोऽर्थे गमयेत्। तदप्रतिबद्धस्य तदव्यभिचारनियमाभावात् । स च प्रतिबन्धः साध्येऽर्थे लिक्स्य वस्तुनस्तादात्म्यात् साध्यार्थादुत्पत्तेश्च । अतत्स्वभावस्यातदुत्पत्तेश्च तत्राप्रतिबद्धस्वभावत्वात् । ते च तादात्म्यतदुत्पत्ती स्वभाव कार्ययेोरेवेति । ताभ्यामेव वस्तुसिद्धिः । प्रतिषेधसिद्धिरपि यथोकाया एवानुपलब्धेः । सति वस्तुनि तस्यासंभवात् ॥ 33 It will be noticed that in the at the relation between and is that of species and genus, and consequently, essential ; in the कार्यहेतु it is causal ; and in the अनुपलब्धिहेतु the argument is from one negation to the other. The distinction between स्वभावहेतु and कार्यहेतु is a valuable contribution of the Buddhists to Indian Logic. Cf. "The nature of these laws (of connection) is further made explicit by the division of the syllogism on the basis of the relations of identity, cause and

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