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Epistemology of Jainas
human kingdoms we have all the six stages, begioning from the one-sensed animals, going upto the samjñins.
The kingdom of hell is divided into seven narakas; where the beings suffer the result of their sins. The division of subhuman kingdoms is already shown above. The human kingdom is divided into Karmabhūmi and Bhogabhūmi. The inhabitants of Karmabhūmi are engaged in three kinds of profession for their livelihood i. e. the profession of fighting (asi), the profession of education (masi) and the profession of cultivation (krși). They have fifteen islands to dwell in. The inhabitants of Bhogabhūmis do not adopt a profession for their livelihood. Their requirements are supplied by trees. They have thirty dwellings. In addition to it there are fifty-six antardvipas (the islands in the ocean). They also are bhogabhūmis. There are fifteen places of the spontaneous birth of human species; who are without mind and do not get full development. They are called sammūrochima, projected spontaneously without the sexual intercourse. The inhabitants of divide kingdom are divided into four classes of Bhavanapatis, Vāņavyantaras, Jyotiskas and Vaimānikas. Jo Navatattva jīvas are divided into 563 varieties. This division is generally based on the Prajñāpanäsūtra. In the Digambara literature the same is found in Jivakānda of Gommațasāra.
(2) Mārgaņās (Soul-quests) : There are fourteen mārganās or the ways in which we search the mundane souls :
(i) Gati (kingdoms or conditions of existence) : They are four in number; viz. Naraka (hellish kingdom), Tiryac (subhuman kingdom); Manusya (human kingdom) and Deva (divine kingdom).
(ii) In:Iriya : (Sense-quest): It is divided into five types of beings having one, two, three, four or five senses.
(iii) Kāya (groups or classes); There are six kāyas comprising one each of the five types of one-seased animals and one of the trasas; two-sensed and onwards.
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