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Epistemology of Jainas
Similarly, in place of Niścita they read 'anukta’, meaning the cognition of whole word or sentence on hearing the first Jetter or word; or knowing the tune of lute etc. from its tinkling. 1
Out of the above mentioned twelve varieties the first four are related with the object, while others with the cognitive power.
This division is roughly applied to all the varieties of Mati. Really seen it is not possible in the case of vyañjanāvagraba or Naiscayika arthāvagraha. Jinabhadra says that vyañjapāvagraha is the cause of all subsequent stages. The characteristics manifested in the effect exist in the cause also. Thus, the above varieties are not improbable in the case of Vyañjapāvagraha also.
As a matter of fact the twelvefold division is merely a fanciful expansion of the fundamental categories. Some of the twelve categories are incompatible with the fundamental stages. shā when reaches the stage of decision, becomes Avāya. Thus, it cannot have the type of Niścita. Similarly, the Avāya is the stage of decision. It cannot have the state of aniścita. Jina. bhadra replies to these objections that even a decisive knowledge, leading to a judgement, is not always of the same nature. Two persons reaching the same judgement differ in their strength of conviction. We cannot say that both of them possess an equal degree of it. One is adamant wbile the other is shaky, so the above types can be explained in all cases. But, this explanation is far-fetched. These twelve types multiplied into the twenty-eight original types come to the number of three hundred and thirty six as the division of mati. Matijñāna and Samśaya etc.
One may ask here that certain categories of Mati do not differ from Samsaya (doubt), Viparyaya (illusion) or Anadhyavasāya (iparticulate appearance). The tenth category of the twelvefold division i. e. aniścita, does not differ from doubt. The category of nißrita in its second sense, is nothing but illusion. ībā, is nothing but doubt. The Naiscayika-avagraha 1. Tattvārtha Rajavārtika p. 49
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