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Direct Knowledge
feeling and knowing as the qualities of citta. The Nyaya also regards mind as an instrument of feeling as well as knowing. But, according to these systems the soul, in itself, is more or less inactive. It is simply a passive substratum where the mind plays its role, and bears the entire responsibility of conscious activity. But, the Jaina position is different. He holds the soul as an agent and active force in the functions of feeling and willing also. The mind is a particular capacity of soul and plays its part in a very limited sphere, as the other senses do. The function of feeling does not depend upon it.
Further, the mental activities are divided into four types of (1) Satya manoyoga (true mentation), (2) Asatyamanoyoga (false mentation), (3) Miśramanoyoga (mixed), (4) Anubhaya manoyoga (neither of the two). This division solely depends upon the activities of mind related with cognition. It means that we cannot explain the existence of mind on ground other than cognition. It creates the same difficulty again in the case of kevalins. If they possess mind it must have some bearing on their cognition.
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In order to explain this difficulty we should understand the position of mind clearly. It is wrong confine the activity of mind to cognition only. The mind as a faculty of knowing and the mind as yoga or inner activity are two different things. One is the result of kṣayopaśama while the latter is a positive activity of the soul, produced as the effect of certain karmans. When the same activity is caused by Mohaniya it results into anger, pride or other passions. When it is caused by Vedaniya it results into painful or pleasurable feelings. But, the physical mind, which is the general cause of all these activities, is the same in all these cases. We cannot explain certain activities of a kevalin, just as preaching, replying the questions, discussions, visiting various places for propagation of his mission etc. Without admitting the existence of mind. As far as his intuitional knowledge is concerned, mind is not required. As a matter of fact the mind is incapable or rather contrary to the vision of
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