________________
Darsana
453
Kevalajñāna and kevaladarśana
There are three views about the order of succession regarding kevalajñāna and kevaladarśana :
1. According to the first view kevala-darśana precedes kevalajñāna. This view is championed by Jinabhadra and has been generally accepted in the Svetāmbara tradition. It is also supported by the old Agamic tradition.
2. The second view holds that both of them occur simultaneously. It is advocated by Mallavādin and has got a general acceptance in the Digambara tradition.
3. The third view maintains that in the stage of kevala; jñāna and darśana become one. This view is held by Siddhasena Divākara. Historical Survey of the Three Views
The Āgamas as well as the other literature earlier than Umāsväti' favour the first view only. The second and third views are not found in it. They are not mentioned even for Tefutation. Of course, Kundakunda has supported the second view, but, it is a controversial point whether he lived before Umāsvāti. For the present we have followed Pandit Sukhlal, who is definite that Umāsvāti was earlier than Kundakunda. Avaśyakaniryukti asserts that even a kevalin does not possess two upayogas simultaneously. This statement appears to be a refutation of the second view. But, it is doubtful whether this portion of Niryukti is genuine and not interpolated after Umāsvāti, as it is clear that the entire literature which goes with the name of Niryukti is not genuine.
It is Tattvārtha-Bhāsya?, where we find the second view for the first time. Umāsvāti states that in the case of first four types of mati etc. the upayoga occurs in order. In the case of kevalin where jñāna and darśana are inseparable, all cognizant and constant, the upayogas are simultancous. Siddhascna 1. Tattvārtha Bhāşya I. 31.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
