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Indirect Knowledge
273
Akalanka states that shā is not doubt; because, it occurs after it. Avāya (Judgement)
Avāya is the stage of judgement where one reaches at a decision. The decision is reached after due deliberation on the points of agreement and disagreement. Just again the case of sound, one ascertains on the ground of its being sweet, that it emanates from a conch and not from a horn. 2
Regarding judgement there are two tendencies in Indian systems. The Buddhist asserts that judgement is always nega. tive. According to him “this is a jar” means that 'it is not not. jar'. It follows the principle of apoha, that is negation. The Sankhya and Mimāṁsā hold hat judgement is always affirmative. Even the negative iudgement, according to them, points to something positive. The Nyāya accepts both kinds. The negative judgement, he says, refers to only the negative aspect and the affirmative judgement relates to the positive aspect. The Jaina holds that both, the positive as well as negative aspects, are present in all the judgements. Even in the negative judgement something is affirmed and in the affirmative judgement something is denied. The process of Avāya confirms the above statement. The Ihā speculated two alternatives. Out of them one is accepted and the other is rejected in the stage of avāya. Thus, a judgement is always associated with both aspects; posis tive as well as negative.
A pāya and Avāya
The Prāksta term avāya is rendered into Saņskrta in two forms having different meanings. If it is taken to be Apāya the sense of negation dominates. In that case it resembles the Bauddha term Apoha. If it is held as Avāya it carries the positive sense, meaning a decision. Umāsvāti and the subse
1. Tattvārtha Rājavārtika p. 43 2. Višeşāvaśyaka Bhāsya, G. 290
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