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Jaina Biology
locusts, Hemimetabola ), Kukkuda ( a kind of four-sensed animals ), Nandāvattā (spiders ), Arachnida ), Arthropoda, Vicchiya, Vrścika, (Scorpion ), Simgirida or di ( a kind of four-sensed animals ), Kinhapatta (a kind of four-sensed animals having black colour ), Nilapattā (a kind of four-sensed animals having blue colour ), Lohiyapattā (a kind of four-sepsed animals having red colour ), Haliddapattā (a kind of foursensed animals having yellow colour), Sukkilapatta ( a kind of four-sensed animals having white colour ), Cittapakkhā (or Cittapatta) (a kind of four-sensed animals ), Vicittapakkhā (a kind of four-sensed animals having variegated wings), Obhamjaliyā, (or obimjaliyā), (a kind of foursensed animal), Jalacariyā (or Jalakāri, a kind of four-sensed aquatic animals), Gambhira (a kind of four-sensed animal ), Niniyā (or Niyaya, a kind of four-sensed animal ), Tamtavā (or Tambagaiya, a kind of four-sensed animal), Acchila (a kind of four-sensed animal), Mābaya (or Sāhaya, a kind of four sensed animal), Aechiroda (a kind of foursensed animal), Acchiveha (a kind of four-sensed animal), Sāramga (Hornets, Hymenoptera, Holometabola), Neulā ( a kind of four-sensed animals), Dolā (a kind of four-sensed animals), Bhimgiridi, (Crickets), Bhamarā (bees ), Virali or Bharili (a kind of four-sensed animal ),
lā (a kind of four-sensed animal), Varata (Waspa), 15 Tottha (a kind of four-sensed animals), Vicchuta a kind of Scorpions ) Pattavicchuya (a kind of scorpions living on leaf) Chāņavicchuyā (a kind of scorpions ), Jalavicchuyā (a kind of scorpions living in water), Piyamgālā (a kind of four-sensed animals), Gomayakidagā (cowdung worms), and others like them.16
According to Jaina Biology, they are all Saṁmurcchima Napumsakas17
Their longest life-duration is six months and the shortest is an antarmuhurata 18. They mostly live in water, land, etc. like the threesensed animals. 19
Some of these four-sensed animals, four senses having ( touch, taste, smell and sight ), e.g. Bhramara (Bees Hymenoptera ), Poltika (gnats ), Maksikā (flies ), Masakas (Mosquitoes-Holometabola, Diptera) Vrścika and Nandyävarta (Scorpions and Spiders, Arachnida, Arthropoda), Kita I5. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra, 36.145. 16. Uttarādhyayana Sūtra, 36.146-149; Pannavāna. 1.58.1,
Tativārtbadhigama Sūtra II. 34. 17. Pannavaņā, 1.53.1. 18. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra, 36.151. 19. Pannavaņā Sūtra II. 165 (Sthanapada).
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