________________
Conclusion
and nine orifices (navasoya),96 skin (camma),97 a skeleton98 of three hundred pieces of bones,99 articulated by one hundred sixty joints 100 (sandhis), with six types of joints bound together by nine hundred sinews of ligaments (nharus), 101 plastered over with five hundred pieces of muscles (peśis), 102 enclosed with outer cuticle 103 (camma. or ajina), with orifices (soya),104 here and there, constantly dribbling and trickling like cracked or perforated pot, 105 infested by helminths106 and always oozing from nine orifices107 (wax from the ears, rheum from the eyes, snot from the nostrils, undigested food, bile, phlegm and blood from the mouth, and from the anus and urine from the urethra through the penis 198 and sweating through ninety nine lakh of hair follicles 109; five sense-organs110 (eye, etc.), one hundred seventy sensitive parts of the body (marmas)!!! and some endocrine glands etc.112
Like Buddhaghosa113 the Jainācāryas give the description of the human body to create a repulsion in the minds of their monk followers towards it114 and suggest to them to review the different aspects of
95. Taṇuyamta ? Its function suggests that it is kidney (Tandula Veyaliya 16, p. 35) although its literal meaning appears to be small intestine, where all eaten food is churned and digested.
96, Ibid Kalyāṇakaraka, 3.5, 10, 11, 12.
97. Tandula Veyaliya, p. 41.
98. Ibid..
99. Ibid., 16, p. 35; Kalyāṇakāraka 3. 2. p. 38.
100. Tandula Veyāliya, 16, p. 35.
101. lbid.
102. Ibid.
103. Tandula Veyaliya, p. 41
104. Ibid, 16, p. 35, p. 41.
105. Kalyāṇakaraka 3.12, p. 32.
106. Ibid.
107. Tandula Veyaliya, 16. p. 85; p. 38; Kalyāṇakāraka, 3, 5, 10.11, 12. 108. Ibid.
109. Tandula Veyaliya 16, p. 35.
110. Pannavana. Indriyapada, 15.
111. Tandula Veyaliya, 16, p. 35.
112. Testes, ovaries. Seminal glands, etc.
315
113. Visuddhimagga, VI. 89, VI. 46.
114. Tandula Veyaliya, 38r
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