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318
Jaina Biology
(Sukkadhārini sirā), testes, 167 (Vasana ), ovaris168 (Kuksis or garbhāśaya of the female, fallopian tubes (Sirādugaṁ ) 169 uterus (yoni )170 etc.
It is observed in Jaina Biology that the actual process of repro
n varies tremendously from one kind of an animal to another 171 but two basic types of reproduction, asexual or spontaneous generation acquivoca (Saṁmūrchima ) and sexual (garbhaja) or (Garbhavyutkrāntika) 172 can be distinguished. Even the highest animals reproduce asexually as evidenced by the fact that "the production of identical twins from splitting of a single fertilized egg is a kind of a sexual reproduction". 173
Asexual reproduction (Saṁmürchima )174 involves biologically only of single parent (i.e. it does not require parents), which splits, buds or fragments to give rise to two or more offsprings which have heredity traits identical to those of the parents. 175 Sexual reproduction involves two parents, 176 each of which contributes a specialized ovum or gamete (eggs and sperm )177 which fuse to form the zygote or fertilized
egg. 178
Human reproduction, 179 in common with that of most animals, is accomplished sexually by the union of specialized gametes-ova or
167. Tandula Veyaliya, 16, p. 35 ; Even Tanuyamta Small intestine, and Thulamtā
(large intestine) are regarded as endocrine glands. 168. Gārbhāśaya. Sthānāögā Tika 6, Kucchi (?) Tandula Veyaliya 16, p. 35. 169. Tandula Veyaliya, 3, Sūtrakrtānga II. 3 ; Pannavanā 1, Jivapaņņavana ; See
births of Beimdiya to Pa încemdiya Jivas, Saṁmūrcchhima and Vyuikrāntika etc.
Tattvārthadhiga Sūtra II, 24 34. 170. Bhagavati 7. 5. 282 ; Jivăbhigama,3. 1. 96; 1. 33. 36. Paņņavana ; Jiva
paņnavanā (from twa-sensed to five-sensed animals). 171. Biology, p. 148, See Uttaradhyayana Sūtra XXVI. 170. All pancendriyas are
both Sammürchima and Garbhaja, i. e. they have a sexual and sexual
reproductions. 173. Bhagavati, 7, 5. 282 ; Jivābhigama Sutra 3. 1. 96. ; 1. 33. 862 ;
Uttaradhyayana Sutra XXXVI. 170. Pannavanā, Jiva pannavanā 1. 57. p. 27 174. e. g. worms ( kțmis ). etc. 175. e.g. worms (kmis), etc. 176. See Uttaradhyayana Sūtra XXXVI. 170 ; Pannavana, Jivapannavaná,
Tirikk hajtvapaņņavanā upto Manussjivapaņņavana. 177. Sūtrakstānga II. 3.21 ; Tandula Veyaliya p. 3. 178. Ibid. 179. Tandula Veyaliya, p. 3.
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