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Jaina Biology
a row of segments,23 each of which has the same fundamental plan, with or without variation, as the segments in front and behind. In some segmented animals, such as, man and most vertebrates the segmental character of the body is obscured.24 In man the bones of the spinal column - the Vertebrae - are among the few parts of the body still clearly segmented.
(e) Unique features : There are only a few structures that belong exclusively to one phylum of the animal world. e.g. Vrścikas (scorpions) 25 alone have sting cells (nematocysts), although many kinds of animals have a nervous system, only the chordates to which man belongs, have a dorsally located, hollow nerve cord. 26
In Jaina Biology, animals are also classified according to the environment in which they live, e. g. Jalacara (aquatic), Sthalacara (terrestrial) and Nabhacara or Khecara (aerial), 27 but some of them are found in only one type of habitat, the members of certain phyla always Jive in the sea, 28 while the members of others are always parasitic29 and so on.30
A comparative study of the basis for Animal Classification of modern Biology may be made in the following manner :
Organisins classified as animals usually lack stiff cell walls and have no chlorophyll, mode of their nutrition is either holozoic or parasitic. Modern animal classification with illustrative examples of animals according to Jaina Biology.
Phylum protozoa
: Microscopic, unicellular animals, which sometimes aggregate in animals (e. g.
23. e.. the body of Mūpura (Neura) itarthworm, Annelid) has got several seg.
ments, each having the same fundamental plan 24. The segmental character of the body of man is obscured by the covering of the
skin. 25. Tattvärthādhigama Sūtra II. 24, Pannavanā 1.58 (vicchuta). 26. Snāyu nhāru) see Kalyanakäraka, 3, ?, which mentions 9.0 nerves i, human body.
(snayu.. n.va . satan:) 27. Bhagavati Sūtra 7. 5. 282; Jivābhigama Sūtra 1. 31, Pannävana Sūtra 1. 61. ff. 28. Pannavana Sthanapada; 1.66 ff. e.g. Samuddalikkba. 29. Sūtrakrtanga, 11. 3. 27; SBE. XLV, p. 295.
"Ihegaliyā Saitā .. ... ņāņavihanam tasathāvarāņa in poggaāņa sariresu vā,
sacittesu vā, acittesu vā, aņusüyattee viuttainti!", Sūtraktānga II. 3.58. 30. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36. 1: 7.
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