________________
308
Jaina Biology
abdomen, e. g. gandupada),37 (knotty legged, Arthropada, including crustacea, Myriapoda, etc.)
Class Crustacea
; Lobsters, crabs, etc. (a class of gandu
pada).38 Animals that are usually aquatic have two pairs of antennae, and respire by means of gills.
Class Chilopoda
The Centipeds (Sata padika ).39 Each body segment except the head and tail has a pair of legs.
Class Arachnoidea
Spiders (Nandyāvarta ),40 scorpions (Vrścikas).41 Adults have no antennae. The first pair of appendages ends in pincers, the second pair is used as jaws and the last four pairs are used for walking.
Class Insecta (kita)
: The largest group of animals, mostly
terrestrial. The body is divided into a distinct head, with four pairs of appendages; the thorax has three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings the abdomen has no appendages. Respiration by means of tracheac.
There are different orders of insects 42 : Grass-hoppers (Patanga )42 etc.
Order Orthoptera
Order Isoptera
;
Termites (Kāsthāhārakā ),44 etc.
(Aptera,
Order a noplura
; Lice (Kārpāsāsthika ),45
Ametabola ) 37. Ibid. 38. Ibid. 39. Paņņavanā 1.57 1. ; Uttaradhyayana Sūtra a 1:7-138. ; TS. 11. 24, 40. Uttaradhyayana 36. 146-149 ; Pannavanā 1. 58.
Tattvārthadhigama Sūtra II. 34. 41. Ibid, 42. Uttaradhyayana, 36. 146-149 Pannavana 1.58. 1.
Tattvārthadhigama Sūtra II 34, 43. Ibid. 44. Pannavaná 1. 57. 1. ; Uttaradhyayana 36. 137-138 ; TS., II. 24. 45. Ibid.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
