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Jaina Biology
animals is air (oxygen - ucсhvāsa ). The term āņa pāņa'10 or usāsanisāsall or prāṇāpāna"12 (respiration) is used by the Jainācāryas to refer to those processes by which animal (and plant cells ) utilize oxygen (usāsa ), carbon dioxide (nisāsa) and convert energy into biologically useful forms. The term "āņapāņa or usāsa - nisāsa” has different meanings in Jaina Biology. It is synonymous with breathing and means inhaling and exhaling. It becomes clear from the reference to the usage of this term that it is applied to the important process of the exchange of gases between the cell and environment. Finally, as the details of celluar metabolism by ānapāna or ucсhvāsa paryāpti became known, the term "ānapāna or usāsa-nisāsa" is used to denote those enzymic reactions of the cell which are responsible for the utilization of oxygen (usāsa ?).
Direct Respiration :
The exchange of gases is a fairly simple process in a small, aquatic animal (e.g. Jalauka, samuddalikkha and some two - sensed aquatic animals).16 Dissolved oxygen from the surrounding pond water diffuses into the cells, carbon dioxide diffuses out, no special respiratory system ( lungs, etc.) is needed. Sucb gas exchange brought about by ānapāņa 17 or ucchyāsaparyāpti18 of beings is the direct respiratian, as the cells
9. Chyle or molecules of nutrients irasibhūtamahāram) are utilized by animals for
the release of energy, the building of blood, tissue, fat, bone, marrow, semen, etc. successively with the vital force called sarira-paryapti, Lokaprakāša,
Pt. 1, 3rd Sarga, p. 65. 10. Biology, p. 28.3 11. Lokaprakāśa, Vol. I, 3.22 ; Tandula Veyaliya 4. 12. Navatattvaprakarana, v. 6. 13. Viseșāvasyaka Bhāşya, gāthā 2714 14. Tattvārthādhigama Sūtra v, 19; VIII. 12 ( Bhāșya ) 15. Ibid. v. 19 ; VIII 12 ( Bhāşya ); Bhagavati Sūtra 1.7.61. Tandula Veyāliya 4;
Pannavaņā Sūtta, Ucchvā sapada, 1,19. "Prāṇāpānapudgalagrahaņasāmarthyajanakmucchvāsanāma I” Tattvārthadhigama Sūtra - Bhāşya' 8-12. U:dhvagami samiranaḥ pränah adhogatirapanaḥ prāṇapānavanatapradeśaskandhapudgalapariņāmajanyau tadyogyapudgalanām grahanamādānam tasya samarthyam-atiśyamjanayati yat taducchvāsanāmā yasyo
dayaducchvasanihsvāsau bhavataḥ" T.S. Bhā., 8. 12, p. 158. 16. Navatattva Prakarana 6. Two - sensed beings have fine paryāptis āhāra-sarira
indriya āņapāna and bhāsā. Jalauka, ete. aquatic beings are two-sensed and
have āņapāna paryāpti which helps the exchange of gases in them. 17, Navatattvaprakaranam v. 6, p. 12. 18. Lokaprakāśa Pt. I. 3,22.
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