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(Second Section )
The Respiratory System
The energy for all the myriad activities of animals is derived from reactions of biologic oxidations, i.e. chemical reactions of air by ucchvāsaparyapti? (vital force by which particles of respiration are taken in, oxidized for energy and left out as carbon dioxide and water). The energy making process in the presence of air (oxygen ) is called respiration ( āņapāņa or ussäsanisāsa ).2 Respiration is one of the paryāptis and prāņas (vital force and life forces ) of beings, as mentioned in the beginning. It starts in the human foetus, wbile developing in the mother's womb.4 But its lungs are non-functional at this stage. According to both Jaina and Brāhmanica 16 Biologies, the essential feature of these reactions of biologic oxidation is the assimilation of food, the transfer of rasa (chyle or nutrient) from one molecule to another, i. e. "the transfer of one molecule, the hydrogen donor, to another, hydrogen acceptor, etc.”.6 In most animals there is a series of compounds each of which accepts rasa? "(i.e. hydrogen ) from the preceding and donates it to the subsequent one''.8 The ultimate rasa-acceptor in the metabolism of
2. No
1. "Ābāra sarira imdiya, usasa vāu mano bhinivvatti / Hoi jao daliyāu, Karanam,
pai sāu pajjatti !/" Bịhatsangrahani, v. 313, ed. by Amrtlal Purusottamadas vs. 1993. "Yayocchvásárhamadāya dalam parinamayya ca / Tattayalambya muñcetsocchvāsaparyāptirucyate (22)" Lokaprakāśa I, 3.22, p. 66. ; or "Aņāpāņa Pajjatti" Navatattvaprakaraṇam. v. 6, p. 12.; Gommațasāra, Jiva kānda, 119. Navatattvaprakaranam V.6., p. 12 (āņapāņa); Gommațasāra (Jiva), 119 (āņapāņa)
; Visësavasyaka Bhāsya, V. 274. "Usasaya-nisasaya" 3 Tandula Veyaliya, 4, pp. 4-9. ; Navatattvaprakaranam. v. 6, p. 12 (Paryāpti)
; Gommațasāra, (Jiva), v. 118. 119, etc, (Paryāpti). ; Jivavicāra v. 42-43 ( Prāņa ) ; Gommațasāra Jivakānda, v. 130 (Prāņa); Tattvarthadhigama Sūtra,
V. 19 (Prāņa, apāna VIII. 12 (Bhāşya). 4. Bhagavati Sūtra, 1. 7. 61. ; Tandula Veyaliya 4, pp. 8-9 ( usäsanisāsa ). Prãoast
athāpānasamānasamjnau / vyāno apyathodāna iti praddistah pamicaiva vāyava
nityamahāranīhāra vinirgamarthăn. Kalyāṇakāraka 3.9. 5. “Tatraisāhāraparyāptiryayadaya nijocitam /; Prothak-Khalarasatvenā bārampari.
natim na yet" || Lokaprakāśa, Pt. I, 3rd sarga. v. 17 6. Sañgitaratnākara, Sárangadeva, Vol. I Chapter I, vv. 60-67; the functions of
prāņavayus, viz. prāna up to apāna, are explained there. 7. Kalyāṇakāraka 3.9 ; Lokaprakasa, Pt. I, 3. vv. 17-22. 8. Biology, p. 283.
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