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Evolution of Organic Life in Jaina Biology
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protozoa 29 ( krmi) which are in turn hosts of bacteria30 “since the bacteria might be parasitized by viruses there could be a five-step parasite food - chain."31
It is known from the study of the classification of plants and animals and their distribuion on land and in water that each region is inhabited by a host of animals and plants and there are many interrelationships32 - competition, commensalism, predation and other factors33 between them that are also involved in determining whether or not some single species can survive there.
A biotic community34 as found in Jaina Biology is composed of smaller groups, members of which are more intimately associated:35 According to modern Biology, it is also known as populations, for there is no sharp distinction between a population and a community.36 So a biotic community as noted in Jaina Biology is an assemblage of population living in a defined area or habitat (thāna)37 it can be either large
29. Tātha acittibhūtesu manusyadigarirakesu vikalendriyasariresu vă te jivā anusyū
tatvena-paranigrayā krmyaditvenotpadyante /" Țika, Sūtrakstānga, II. 3. p. 102 * Evam durūvasambhavattae evam khuradugattāe" Ibid Il. 3.58. "Kharadugattäe - carmakițatayā samutpadyante, idamuktam bhavati-jivatāmeva fOrahisādinām carmaņo, antaḥ prāņinaḥ sammürcchyante, te ca tanmāṁsacarmaņi bhakşayanti, bhakşayantascarmano vivarāṇividahati, galacchoạitesu vivareșu tişthantastadeva soņitamāhārayanti, tathā acittagavādisarire api, tathā sacjttacittavanaspatiśarire api ghunakițakāḥ sammūrechyante, te, ca tatra sammūrech
yantastacchariramäharayantiti /" Ibid. (Comm.) P. 102. 31. Biology, p. 572. 32. See the second (types of plants ) and third ( Classification of Animals )
chapters. 33. See the first section of the second chapter. "Biologic Interrelationship.” “The
classification of living substances. "Mode of Nutrition of Plants and Animals,” "Ecosystem, Habitat and Ecologic Niche" "Types of Interactions Between
Species of Plants and Animals." 34. Ibid., Sūtrakstānga II. 3, Ahāraniksepa ; see the 1st section of 2nd chapter.
"Interactions Between Species of Plants and Animals." 35. See the first section of the 2nd chapter ; “Biologic Interrelation`.," Sūtre
krtanga II. 3. 36. Biology, p. 572. 37. Sce Thānapayam, Pannavanā Sutta; Sūtrakrtānga II. 3; Eosyste) and Habitat
and Niche, of 1st section 2nd chapter.
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