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Conclusion
291
of all plants and animals. Jain paryāpti? and prāna, the two unique forces, not explainable in terms of physics and chemistry, are associated with and control life. The concept of these forces may be called vitalism which contains the view that living and non-living systems are basically different and obey different laws. It is reasonable to suppose that paryāpti, a mysterious aspect of life, although not identifiable with protoplasm, comes nearer to the latter because of its unique functions.9
All living substances (Jivadrayyas) have, to a greater or lesser extent, the properties of specific size 10 and shape, 11 metabolism,12 movement, 13 irritability, 14 growth, 15 reproduction, 16 and adaptation.17
Many of the phenomena of life that appear to be so mysterious, as explained by the Jainācāryas, such as, respiration, instinct, specch, 7. Navatattva prakarana V, 6. p. 12, Dharmavijaya. Gommțasara, Jivakanda,
vv. 118 - 119, Nemicandra ; Lokaprakāśa, Vinayavijayaji, Pt. 1, 3rd Sarga,
vv. 15ff. 8. Jivavicāra, vv. 42, 43; Gommațasāra (Jiva). v. 129. 9. See Biology, p. 16. 10. Bhagavati 19. 3. 652-53 ; 25.1. 717 ; Uttaradhyayana 35.70; Paņņavanā (sükşma
badara etc); Gommațsāra (Jivakāņda ), v. 177, v. 183. 11. Paņņavanā, Samjhāņāidaracchakam, 983-89, p. 241; Bphatsaugrahaņi, Candrasūri,
w. 243-5. Mulācāra, Pt. III, 12, v. 49, Paryāptyādbikāra, Vagakhera with ţika of Vasunandi Siddhānta Cakravarttin, p. 207; Lokaprakāśa, Pt. I, 3rd
Sarga, v. 205-10, pp. 98-99. Gommaçasāra ( Jivakanda ), v. 211. 12. Sūtrakṣtárga II. 3; Bhagavati 7, 61-63 ; 7. 3. 275-6; Paņņavanā, Ābārapadam,
Pajjatuidāram, 2nd uddesaka, p. 406. Taodulaveyaliya, pp. 3-10 ; Navatattva prakarana, v. 6, p. 12. Lokaprākasa, Pt. 1, 3rd Sarga, vv. 15–21ff; Gommatasara (Jiva), Ch. 1II, vv. 119 - 121; Mülácara II, 12 -- 4; Tarkarahasyadipikā on
Şaddarsana Samuccaya, Jainamatam, v. 49, Gunaratna. 13. Ācārāága, Book I, 9. 1. 14; Sūtraktānga II. 2. 18, 60, Sthādārga 2. 4. 100;
Bhagavati, 25. 4. 789, Uttaradhyayana, 36.68, Jivabhigama ; p. 12. Mūlācára, Pt. I, 30 (226), p. 295; Tattvārtha Sūtra, Umasväti, 2. 12-14, Tarkarahasyadipikā.
Gunaratna v. 49. 14. Bhagavatı 3. 9. 170; 2. 4. 99 ; Paņņa vanā, lndriyapadaṁ 15, Putthadaram, etc.
Jivābhigama, Jyotiska, Tarkarahasyadipikā, v. 40. 15. Abbuya (cells 2), Tandula Veyaliya, 2, p. 6. It is also suggestive from the
reference to lakhs of follicles (pores) in the skin of the human body that there are cells in the body of man and other vertebrates, Ibid, 2. p. 6. Pesi (muscle tissues). Ibid. p. 6.
Pesi (tissues) is made of abbuyas (arbudas-cells). 17. A single fertilised egg (Kalala ) develops gradually into many-celled or five
celled embryo (pañcapiņdas ) by the process of cleavage, indicating that the egg cell splits or divides. Out of five pindas 2 arms, 2 legs, and the head come into bei ng, Tandula Veyaliya 2, p. 6.
16.
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