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The Organisation of the Human Body
183
from the body enters the bladder which is like a porons pot without mouth put into cess pool. When the bladder is full of urine, animals feel the urge to pass urine 32
That is to say, according to Modern Biology, "The urine, exereted by the kidney in a continuous trickle,collects in the pelvis and passes down the ureters by peristaltic waves of contraction of the ureter walls to the urinary bladder, a hollow muscular organ located in the lower, ventral part of the abdominal cavity. The muscular walls of the bladder relax and distend to make room for the urine as it accumulates. Valves at the openings of the ureters into the urinary bladder prevent the backfiow of urine, and keep any bacteria that may be in the bladder from ascending to the kidney. As the volume of urine in the bladder increases, the distention of the muscular walls stimulates nerve endings located there to send impulses to the brain, producing the sensation of fullness. To make urination possible, impulses originating in the brain cause a contraction of the bladder and a relaxation of the spincter guarding the opening from the bladder to the urethra.”33
As to the formation of urine, Jaina Biology states only that Tanuyamta (Kidney) transforms (or produces ) urine,34 but it does not throw light upon the combination of the three processes of filtration, reabsorption and augmentation which enables the kidney to remove wastes but conserve the useful components of the blood.35
Excretory Devices in other Animals :
Every organisin had to solve the problem of getting rid of metabolic wastes (khala ). In the two - sensed protozoa, such as, Kukşikrmi, Krmi etc. the wastes ( khala ) seem to diffuse through the cell wall into the outside environment where the concentration is lower, as they are lomāhārips. In support of this view, modern Biology, explains that "Protozoa living in fresh water have a special problem of getting rid of water, because their protoplasm, being hypertonic to pond water, tends to absorb it continuously. To control this situation, they have
32. Tandula Veyaliya, p. 38.
33. VM. viii, 138; xi, 80.
"Vatthi nama vatthiputo vuccati“, viii. 138 "Muttan vatthissa abbhantars thttam" etc. xi. 80.
34. Biology, pp. 33. - 331 ; 35. Tandula Veyaliya 16, p. 35.
Tattha nam je se tanuyamte teņam pasavane pariņamai/".
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