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The Organisation of the Human Body
193
The skull ( siram )81 is made up of a pumber of bones fused together ; the cranium or bony case (siroghadi) immediately around the brain ( Matthu ), 82 and the bones of the face (mukham )83.
The backbone ( Pitthakaramda ) including grivā (neck )85 is made of separate vertebrae86 in different points along the spine. Different vertebrae (Karamdaga )87 have different projections for the attachment of ribs ( paṁsaliya ) and for articulating (joining )88 with neighbouring vertebrae.
The rib baske189 is composed of a series of flat bones which support the chest wall and keep it from collapsing "as the diaphragm contracts”.90 The ribs are attached dorsally to the vertebrae, each pair of ribs being attached to a separate vertebra91 of the twelve pairs92 of ribs in man, the (first ) six are attached ventrally to the breast bone,93 the rest are attached indirectly by cartilages without having attachments to the breast bone.94
The bones of the appendages or arms (bāhu)95 and legs ( urujanghā 196
81. "Caukaválam siram”, Tandula Veyaliyam 16, p. 35.
"Cauturbhih kapalaih-asthikhandarūpaih siro bhavanti ? Ibid., Comm., p. 36,
“sariram Sisaghadi”. Tandula Veyaliya 17, p. 38. 82. Imam ca sariram Sisaghaời “Matthu".
Ibid "Sirsa ghațiva mastakahaddam-medasca-asthikrt etc. (comm.) Ibid ; p. 38 83. Tandula Veyāliya p. 40 84. Tandula Veyaliya 16, p. 35. 85. Grivā consists of 7 Vertebrae, having the length of 4 fingers. According to
Tandula Veyaliya, there are 16 bones of neck - solasa givātthiya muñeyavvă”,
Ibid, p. 41. 86. Atbārasa ya pitthkarardaga-Ibid 16, p. 35, 87. “Bārasa pamsalıya", - Ibid. 88. "aņupuvveņam karaında" atharassa ya piţthakaramdasardhio", ibid 89. Bārasa pamsaliya karamdä сhappańsulie Kadā he bihatthiya Kucchi /", Ibid. 90. Biology, p. 340. 91. Samdhiyo anupuvvenamn ärthārassa ya pitthakaramdagasarndhio-here bärasa pam
saliya karamda chappamsulie kadahe. Tandula Veyaliya. 16 92. "Bārasa Pamsaliya, Ibid. 93. "Chappamsulie kadähe”, Ibid. 94. “Bārasa Pamsaliyā Karamda”, Ibid. 95. “Amsalagabābulaga anguli" Tandula Veyaliya, 17. p. 38. 96. “Urujānujamghāpāya”, Ibid. JB-25
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