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Jaina Biology
sense of smell, substances pass from the mouth through the internal nares into the nasal chamber and stimulate the sense-organs there. When one has a cold, foods are relatively tasteless because the sense of smell is partly or wholly lost”. 33
The statement in Jaina Biology that the sense-organ of smell (ghrānendriya ) smells the particles entering the nostrils and touching their senitive cells34 implies the suggestion that “the sense-organs of smell are located in the epithelial lining of the upper part of the nasal cavity in a region not ordinarily washed by the incoming air. 35 Particles entering the nostrils reach them by diffusion and dissolve in the mucus covering the sensitive cells". 34
In contrast to the sensation of taste (rasa ) the various odours (gandha ) cannot be classified into definite types except into two categories : surabhi gandha and asurabhi gandha (pleasant and unpleasant),37 for each substance has its own distinctive smell. "The olfactory organs respond to remarkably small amounts of a substancc”. 38
Vision of Eye ;
According to Jaina Biology, only the four-sensed and five-sensed animals have the vision of eye.39 But modern Biology states that the light sensitive cells exist in almost all living matter."40 It should be noted here that all animals have five bhāvendriyas including cakşurindriya, 41 33. "Biology, p. 376. 34. Pannavanā Sutta, Indriyapadam Parthadärän. 35. Biology, 377. 36. Ibid. 37. "Gandho dvividhah - Surabhirasurabhiscal".
Tattvarthadhigama Sutra V. 23, Bhāşya, 356. 38. Biology, p. 377 39. "Tato' apyekera Vrddhani bhramara - vašarasārangmakşikā - puttikā-damsa-maja.
kavrścika - nandyavartakita - patangādināṁ catvari sparsana -- rasana - ghränacaksumsi / TS. II 24, Bhāșya.
Seşāņaṁ ca tiryagyonijānār matsyoraga-bhujangapakşi-catuspadādām sarveşām ca náraka-manuşyadevānāṁ pañcendriyāṇiti,” Tattvārthadhigama Sūtra, II 24, Bhāşya. 3. 174 Pannavaņā 1.15 ( Indriyapada), p. 253 11.1028 "Caurimdiyānam ...do nettă 2 do ghāņā 4 Jiha 5 phase 6" Sesāņam jaha
neraiyānam (sü '096) jāva vemāniyāņam Ibid 11. 1029, p. 253 40. Biology, p. 377 41. Through Bhavendirya all-beings may be sensitive to light, as all beings have
five bhāvendriyas. Pamca bhāvimdiya soimdie iáva phasimdie" Pannavanā, 12.1056 "evām jassa jati imdiya tassa tattiyā bhāņiyavva' java vemāņiyaņam /" Pannavaņā 1.15, p. 259. ; see also TS. 11-16, p. 163.4 (Bbāşya).
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