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(Third Section )
The Phylum Chordata : Five - sensed Animals
The Phylum Chordata :
The animals, (man and higher animals having five sense organs fall under the class of the Phylum Chordata of modern Biology, which consists of the sub-phylum, Vertebrate animals, such as, fishes ( mucchā) amphibia (frogs - mandūka )3, reptiles (parisappas ),4 birds (pakkhis )5 and mammals including man (maņussa ).6 Its members are distinctive in having a notochord, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord (Snäyu ) and gill slits.7 The fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals make up the classes of the sub-phylum Vertebrata, characterized by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column.
The Vertebrates :
They are distinguished from the types of lower chordates or other lower animals by the possession of an internal skeleton of cartilage or bone that reinforces or replaces the notochord. "The notochord is a flexible, unsegmented, skeletal rod, extending longitudinally in all chordates. It is the only sketelal structure present in the lower chordates; but in the Vertebrates segmental bony or cartilaginous Vertebrates surround the notochord" 8 "In the higher Vertebrate the notochord is visible only early in development; later the Vertebrae replace it completely. Vertebrates have a bony or cartilaginous brain case; the cranium, which encloses and protects the brain, the enlarged anterior end of the dorsal, hollow nerve cord”.9 1. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36.155; 170, etc. Pannavaņā Sūtra 1.61. ff. ; Tattvārthadhi.
gama Sūtra 11. 34. 2. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36.172 ; Pannavaņā Sutta J. 62-63. ; Tattvārthadhigama
Sūtra II. 34. 3. Bhagavati Sūtra 12. 8. 446. 4. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36. 181. ; Panna vaņa 1, 76, ff. ; Tattvārthādhigama Sūtra
II. 34. 5. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36. 187. ff. ; Pannavaņā Sūtra 1, 86. ff.; Tattvārthadhi
gama Sūtra II. 31. 6. Uttaradhyayana Sūtra 36. 180, 194. ; Pannavaņā Sūtra 1.70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 92.
; Tattvārdhigama Sūtra II. 31. 7. Biology, p. 228. 8. Biology, p. 230. 9. Biology, p. 230 JB-16
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