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Jaina Biology
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is also the other cord bound by putraj ivarasaharani and connected by mätrjivarasaharani through which the foetus receives food substance. 208 That is to say "within the placenta the capillaries of mother and foetus (i. e. mātṛjivarasaharani and putrajīvarasaharaṇī come into close contact, and subtances pass from one to the other by diffusion or by active transport process, oxygen and food substances pass from the maternal to the foetal blood vessels and carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes pass from the foetal to the maternal blood vessels",209 as it is said that the foetus does not pass urine, stool, etc.210 "The two umbilical arteries (i. e. putrajīvarasaharanis), grow out of the lower part of the aorta of the foetus and pass to the placenta (i. e. matṛjivarasaharanis ). Blood is returned to the child by a single umbilical vein which passes through liver and empties into the inferior vena cava".211 The fact that the lungs (Phopphasaphephasa) which are not mentioned clearly as developed in the foetus212 are small and non- functional presents a special problem, "for the capillaries in the uninflated lungs can accommodate only a fraction of the blood flowing through the heart, the rest must bypass the lungs until after birth."213
The lymph System :
In addition to the blood circulatory system the body is equipped, according to Jaina Biology, with a similar, independent group of vessels214 constituting the lymph system (Simbha or Kaph system). But Jaina Biology does not throw much light on the details of this system except some of its features and functions. It is known from Jaina Biology215 and other Indian sources216 that "the circulation of the lymph is also made by two sets of vessels Siras and Dhamanis.
208. Tandula Veyaliya, 4, p. 9.
"Māujivarasaharani Puttajīvarasaharaņi māujivapaḍibaddha puttajivaṁ phuḍa 1.7 etc.
209. Biology, p. 271
210. Jivassa ..
gabbhagayassa samaņassa atthi uccarei va päsavņei va......no inatthe samatthe", Tandula Veyaliya, 3, P. 7. ; Bhagavatisūtra 1, 7, 61-62.
211. Biology, p. 221.
212. Tandula Veyaliya 2, P. 6.
213. Biology, P. 272.
214. "Panavisam Sirao simbhadhariṇio", Tandula Veyalıya, p. 16, p. 35
215. Tandula Veyaliya, 16, p. 35.; Kalyāṇakaraka 3.2-3
216. Caraka, Sarirasthana, Ch. 7; Suśruta, Sarirasthana Ch. 7.
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