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________________ zrImadannambhaTTaviracitaH tarkasaMgrahaH ' (hindI anuvAda tathA vistRta vyAkhyA sahita ) a ___ nirdezaka - DaoN porendra kumAra varmA vyAkhyAkAra DaoN. sudarzana lAla jaina siddha sarasvatI prakAzana, vArANasI
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________________ prakAzaka:saMdIpa kumAra siddha sarasvatI prakAzana 1, sI0 esa0 kAlonI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-221005 saMskaraNa : prathama mUlya : pA~ca rupaye prAkkathana 'kANAdaM pANinIyaM ca sarvazAstropakArakam' arthAt kaNAda aura pANini ke zAstra sarvazAstroM ke upakAraka haiN| kaNAda muni vaizeSika darzana ke tathA gautama muni nyAyadarzana ke pratiSThApaka haiN| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra pramANa, prameya Adi solaha padArthoM ke tattvajJAna se tathA vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra dravya, guNa Adi sAta padArthoM ke tattvajJAna se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| adhikAMza viSayoM meM samAnatA hone se donoM ko sAmAnyataH 'nyAyazAstra' bhI kahA jAtA hai| pramANoM ke viSaya meM nyAyadarzana kA tathA prameyoM ke viSaya meM vaizeSikadarzana kA anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| annambhaTTa (17vIM zatAbdI) kRta tarkasaMgraha meM yahI paddhati apanAI gaI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika zAstroM kA prArambhika jJAna prApta karane ke lie tarkasaMgraha' bahuta upayogI hai, ataH ise vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke pAThyakrama meM rakhA gayA hai| lokapriyatA ke kAraNa tarkasaMgraha para aneka TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiN| ve TIkAyeM yA to atyanta saMkSipta haiM yA durUha / ataH chAtroM ke lie eka vistRta kintu sarala vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karake prastuta 'manISA' hindI vyAkhyA likhI gaI hai| isameM dIpikA, padakRtya, nyAyabodhinI, sItA Adi vibhinna saMskRta TIkAoM kA sAratatva liyA gayA hai| ___tarkasaMgraha ko subodhArtha kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| mUla bhAga ke koSThaka [ ] meM prazna ko jor3A gayA hai| mUlAnusAra hindI meM anuvAda dekara vyAkhyA dI gaI hai| bIca-bIca meM praznottarazailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| yathAvasara navyanyAya ke pAribhASika zabdoM ko bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| tAlikAoM ke dvArA bhI viSaya spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ___ AzA hai, prastuta pustaka kA yaha prathama saMskaraNa chAtroM ke lie upayogI hogaa| pramAda athavA zIghratA ke kAraNa huI azuddhiyoM ko pAThakagaNa kSamA kreNge| gurujanoM ke AzIrvAda tathA sudhIjanoM evaM chAtroM ke bahumUlya sujhAva Amantrita haiN| vIrendra kumAra varmA sudarzana lAla jaina mudraka : sudhIrakumAra caturvedI sudarzana mudraka, 63/42, uttara beniyAbAga, vArANasI
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________________ tarkasaMgrahaH . viSaya-sUcI prAkkathana (1) uddezaprakaraNa-[maGgalAcaraNa 1, padArtha 2, dravya 4, guNa 5, karma 8, sAmAnya 9, jAti aura upAdhi 10, vizeSa 11, ayutasiddha 12, abhAva 13 __(2 dravalakSaNa prakaraNa--[pRthivI 16, jala 18, teja 19, suvarNa kA taijasatva 20, vAyu 21, bAya kI pratyakSatA 22, AkAza 23, kAla 24, dizA 25, AtmA 27, mana 29, mana kI aNutA 30] (3) guNalakSaNa prakaraNa-[rUpa 30, citrarUpa 32, rasa 32, gandha 33, sparza 34, pAkajApAkajavicAra 35, pIlupAka 36, piTharapAka 36, saMkhyA 36, parimANa 38, pRthaktva 38, saMyoga 39, . vibhAga 40, paratvAparatva 41, gurutva 42, dravatva 42, sneha 43, zabda 43, buddhi 44, anubhava 46, yathArthAnubhava 48, karaNa, kAraNa aura kArya 49, samavAyi, asamavAyi aura nimittakAraNa 54, karaNa 59, (ka) pratyakSapramANa pariccheda-pratyakSapramANa 59, nirvikalpaka-savikalpaka 62, sannikarSa 65, pratyakSa kA niSkRSTa lakSaNa 70, (kha ) anumAnapramANa pariccheda-anumAna, anumiti, parAmarza, vyApti aura pakSadharmatA 71, anumAna ke bheda-svArtha aura parArtha 75, pazcAvayava 78, anumitiyoM kA karaNa 80, liGga ke bheda 81, pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa 84, hetvAbhAsa 86, savyabhicAra 88, viruddha 91, satpratipakSa 92, asiddha 93, upAdhi 16, bAdhita 97, (ga) upamAnapramANa pariccheda-upamAna aura upamiti 98, (gha)zavapramANapariccheda-zabdapramANa 101, vAkyArthajJAna ke hetu 104, . vAkya ke bheda 106, zAbdajJAna, 107, (Ga) avaziSTaguNa nirUpaNa- // ayathArthAnubhava (saMzaya, viparyaya aura tarka) 108, smRti 111, sukha-duHkha 111, icchA-dveSa-prayatna 112, dharmAdharma 112, AtmamAtravizeSaguNa 113, saMskAra 114 ] (1) karmAdhizeSapadArthalakSaNa prakaraNa-[karma 116, sAmAnya 116 vizeSa 117, samavAya 117, abhAva 118, upasaMhAra 121] (5) tAlikAyeM-[ hetvAbhAsa 87, dravyavibhAjana 123, dravyavibhAjana ke anya prakAra 124, pramukha AcArya 124] nidhAya hRdi vizvezaM vidhAya guruvandanam / bAlAnAM sukhabodhAya kriyate tarkasaMgrahaH / / anuvAda-jagadIzvara ( jagatkartA paramezvara ) ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa kara guru kI vandanA karake [ nyAyazAstra meM anabhijJa ] bAlakoM ko sukhapUrvaka (anAyAsena ) jJAna karAne ke lie tarka saMgraha likhA jA rahA hai| vyAkhyA-'nidhAya0' ityAdi zloka dvArA granthakAra annambhaTTa grantha kI nirvighna parisamApti tathA ziSTAcAra kA pAlana karane ke lie abhISTa devatA evaM guru ko namaskAra karate hue anubandhacatuSTaya (avazya jJAtavya cAra viSaya) kA pratipAdana karate haiN| anubandhacatuSTaya haiM--(1) viSaya (tarkazAstra yA nyAya-vaizeSika. zAstra ke sAta padArtha), (2) adhikArI (nyAya-vaizeSikazAstra ke padArthoM ke jJAnAbhilASI alpajJa bAlaka), (3) prayojana (nyAyazAstra kA sukhapUrvaka bodha tathA paramparayA mokSa-prApti) aura (4) sambandha (pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAva sambandha ) / prazna-maGgala se grantha-parisamApti kA kyA sambandha hai ? nAstikAdi ke granthoM meM maGgala na hone para bhI usakI parisamApti dekhI jAtI hai tathA maGgala ke hone para bhI kAdambarI kI aparisamApti / uttara-kAdambarI meM vighna-bAhulya thA jisase maGgala hone para bhI pUrNa nahIM huI tathA kiragAvalI meM graMntha ke bAhara maGgala kie jAne kI sambhAvanA hai| vastutaH maGgala ko vighnadhvaMsa ke prati kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai aura vighnadhvaMsa ko grantha-parisamApti ke prati /
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________________ 2] [ tarkasaMgrahaH padArthanAmAni ] isa taraha paramparayA maGgala bhI grantha-risamApti ke prati kAraNa yA pramiti kA viSaya bhI hogaa| aise jJeya tattva ko hI yahA~ padArtha hai| vaha maGgala grantha ke bAhara mAnasika Adi rUpa se athavA pUrva- zabda se kahA gayA hai| janmakRta bhI ho sakatA hai| itanA vizeSa hai ki kiyA gayA maGgala - vibhinna dArzanikoM ne padArthoM kI saMkhyA vibhinna prakAra se mAnI nirvighna grantha-samApti ke lie hai tathA likhA gayA maGgala nivina hai| jaise-gautama muni ne pramANa, prameya Adi 16 padArtha mAne haiN| antha-samApti ke sAtha-sAtha ziSya-zikSA ke lie bhI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM 25 tattva mAne gaye haiN| vastutaH vibhinna darzanoM meM prazna-'bAla:' aura 'tarkasaMgraha' kA kyA artha hai ? padArtha zabda kA prayoga kimI eka vizeSa artha meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, " apitU tattat darzanoM ke pratipAdya viSayoM ke lie padArtha zabda kA uttara--bAla:-'adhItavyAkaraNa-kAvyakozo'nadhItanyAyazAstro / prayoga huA hai| gautama muni ke 16 padArthoM kA antarbhAva inhIM 7 bAlaH' jinane vyAkaraNa Adi ke granthoM kA adhyayana to kara liyA : padArthoM meM Age batalAyA jaaegaa| prArambha meM kaNAda muni ne 6 hai parantu nyAyazAstra nahIM par3hA hai aisA bAlaka (na zizu aura na " padArthoM kA hI vivecanaM kiyA thA jisameM paravartI TIkAkAroM ne abhAva prauddh)| tarkasaMgrahaH-'taya'nte - pramitiviSayI kriyanta iti tAH / jor3akara 7 padArtha kara diye aimA kucha loga kahate haiM, parantu unake grantha dravyAdisaptapadArthAH teSAMH saMgrahaH-saMkSepeNoddeza-lakSaNa parIkSA yasmin meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| sa grampa:' jo yathArthajJAna ke viSaya kie jAte haiM aise dravyAdi sAta prazna -jaba dravya, guNa Adi kA praka-pRthaka nirdeza karane se hI padArthoM kA saMkSepa se uddeza (parigaNana nAmollekha mAtra, jaise sAta kI saMkhyA kA bodha ho jAtA hai to phira sapta pada kyoM diyA? dravya, guNa ityaadi| uddeza kA phala hai 'pakSa kA zAna' ), lakSaNa uttara-padArtha sAta se na kama haiM aura na adhika; isIlie ( asAdhAraNa dharma kA kathana, jaise--gandhavatI pRthivI) aura parIkSA 'sapna' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (lakSaNa kI yuktiyuktatA kA vicAra ) jisameM hai, aisA tarka saMgraha prazna-nyAya darzana meM 'guNa' samavAya sambandha se kebala dravya meM nAmaka grantha / pAe jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM 'yaha hai eka', 'yaha hai eka' isa prakAra 1. uddeza-karaNam "manatva' saMkhyA jo guNa hai vaha guNAdi meM kaise rahegI? [padArthAH kati, kAni ca teSAM nAmAni ? ] dravyaguNa uttara--paryApti nAmaka svarUpa-sambandha se guNAdi meM bhI guNa karmabhAmAnyavizeSasamavAya bhAvAH sapta padArthAH / 3 kA astitva mAnA gayA hai| aisA na mAnane para 'eka rUpam' / yaha eka rUpa hai ) ityAdi anubhUtiyA~ nahIM ho skeNgii| yahA~ ekatva saMkhyA anuvAda -[ padArtha kitane haiM. aura unake kyA nAma haiM ? ] padArtha aura rUpa donoM guNa haiN| anubhUti ke AdhAra para yahA~ guNa meM guNa sAta hai | aura unake kramaza: nAma haiM]-(1) dravya, (2) guNa, (3) karma, kA astitva samavAya sambandha se na mAnakara paryApti sambandha se (4) gAmAnya, (5. vizeSa, (6) samavAya aura (7) abhaav|| mAnA gayA hai| ataH saptatva saMkhyA kA guNAdi se sambandha bana bhAlpA-'padasyArthaH padArtha iti vyutpattyA abhidheyatvaM padArtha- jAtA hai| sAmAnyalakSaNam' arthAt abhidheyatva, jJeyatva, pramitiviSayatva Adi / prazna-candrakAnta maNi-vizeSa ke rahane para Aga meM dAhakatA zabdoM se padArtha kA bodha hotA hai| ataH jo jJeya hogA vaha abhidhey| zAkti nahIM dekhI jAtI aura maNi ke haTA lene para Aga meM dAhAnukala
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH dravyanAmAni ] zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| ataH zakti ko bhI aSTama padArtha mAnanA. gati na hone se bhI vAyu meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| caahie| bhAsvara rUpa aura uSNa sparza na hone se teja meM, zIta sparza na hone uttara-nahIM, kyoMki maNi kA abhAva hI dAha ke prati kAraNa tathA nIla varNa hone ke kAraNa jala meM, gandha na hone tathA sparza na hone hai| maNi ke saMyoga-viyoga ko bhI padArtha mAnane para ananta zaktiyoM se pRthivI meM bhI tamas kA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt kI tathA unake abhAva, dhvaMsa Adi kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| ataH nirgandha hone se pRthivI meM tathA nIlarUpa hone se tamas kA jalAdi meM sAta hI padArtha haiN| antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH yaha eka 'dasavA~' svatantra dravya hai, [dravyANi kati, kAni ca tAni ? ] tatra dravyANi phira nau hI dravya kaise hue? pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi navaiva / uttara-'tamas' kevala teja kA abhAva mAtra hai, svatantra dravya nhiiN| tamas meM nIlavarNa tathA gati kI pratIti bhramAtmaka hai| dIpaka anuvAda-[ dravya kitane haiM aura ve kauna haiM ? ] unameM (dravyAdi ke apasaraNa kI kriyA ke kAraNa hI 'nIlaM tamazcalati' meM calana sAta padArthoM meM) (1) pRthivI, (2) jala, (3) teja, (4) vAyu, (5) kriyA kI bhramAtmaka pratIti hotI hai| teja ko andhakAra kA AkAza, (6) kAla, (7) dizA, (8) AtmA aura (9) mana--ye nau abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki teja meM uSNa sparza pAyA jAtA hai| kiJca, rUpavAn dravya ko dekhane ke lie prakAza kI vyAkhyA-dravya ke cAra prakAra se lakSaNa kie jAte haiM-(1) AvazyakatA par3atI hai jabaki andhakAra ko dekhane ke lie prakAza kI dravyatvajAtimattvam (jisameM dravyatva jAti rahatI hai), (2) guNavattvam AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| andhere meM nIla rUpa kA pratyakSa usI prakAra (jisa meM guNa rahate haiN| isa paribhASA meM avyApti doSa hai kyoMki bhrama hai jisa prakAra AkAza meM nIlarUpa kA pratyakSa bhrama hai| vastutaH naiyAyikoM ke anusAra dravya jisa kSaNa meM utpanna hotA hai usa kSaNa meM 'prauDhaprakAzakatejaHsAmAnyAbhAvaH' (prauDha prakAzaka teja sAmAnya vaha nirguNa hotA hai| ataH isa doSa ko dUra karane ke lie naiyAyika ... kA abhAva ) hI tamas hai| ataH dravya nau hI haiN| anya loga bhI pariSkRta bhASA meM lakSaNa bhinna prakAra se karate haiN| (3) andhakAra ko dravya nahIM mAnate haiN| teja ko sabhI dravya mAnate haiN| kriyAvatvam ( jisameM kriyA pAI jAe) aura (4) samavAyi [kati guNAH, ke ca te ] rUparasagandhasparzasaMkhyAparimANakAraNatvam ( jisameM samavAyikAraNatA pAI jAe) / ye sabhI / paribhASAe~ pAribhASika haiM jo nyAyadarzana ke siddhAntoM ko samajhe / * pRthaktvasaMyogavibhAgaparatvAparatvagurutvadravatvasnehazabdabuddhisumbabinA samajha meM nahIM A sakatI haiN| duHkhcchaadvessprytndhrmaadhrmsNskaaraashcturvishtirgunnaaH| prazna-'tamas' (andhakAra ) ko dasavAM dravya mAnanA cAhie ____ anuvAda-[ guga kitane haiM aura ve kauna haiM ?]-guNa caubIsa kyoMki usameM guNa aura kriyA pAI jAtI hai| jaise--nIla tamazcalati haiM-(1) rUpa, (2) rasa, (3) gandha, (4) sparza, (5) ( kAlA andhakAra calatA hai)| yahA~ tamas meM 'rUpa' guNa hone se saMzyA, (6) parimANa, (7) pRthaktva, (8) saMyoga, (9) usakA vAyu, AkAza Adi 6 meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| vAyu, vibhAga, (10) paratva, (11) paratva, (12) gurutva, (13) AkAza kAla,Adi rUparahita haiN| tamas meM sparza na hone se tathA dravatva, (14) sneha (15) zabda, (16) buddhi, (17) sukha,
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH guNanAmAni ] (18) duHkha, (19) icchA, (20) dveSa, (21) prayatna, gayA hai (paratva evaM Aratva kA viprakRSTatva aura sannikRSTatva meM (22) dharma, (23) adharma aura ( 24 ) sNskaar| athavA jyeSThatva aura kaniSThatva meM antarbhAva mAnA hai| pRthaktva ko vyApA-dIpikA TIkA meM guNa kI do paribhASAe~ dI gaI haiM-- / anyonyAmAtra kA hI eka rUpa mAnA hai)| kucha TIkAkAroM ne laghutva (1) 'dravyakarmabhinnAce sati sAmAnyavAn guNaH' ( sAmAnyavAn - mRdutva, kaThinatva, Alasya Adi ko bhI pRthaka guNa svIkAra kiyA jAtimAn padArtha ko guNa kahate haiM parantu vaha dravya aura karma se bhinna hai parantu nyAya zAstra meM khyAti 24 guNoM kI hI hai| ho) athavA (2) 'guNatvajAtimAn' ( jisameM gUNatva jAti rahatI ina 24 guNoM ko sAmAnya guNa ( do yA usase adhika dravyoM meM ho)| bhASApariccheda (86) meM 'dravyAzritA zeyA nirguNA niSkriyA - " eka sAtha rahane vAle ) tathA vizeSa guNa ( eka samaya meM eka hI dravya guNA.' (jo svayaM guNa aura kriyA se rahita haiM tathA dravyAdhita haiM unheM meM rahane vAle ) ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| guNa kahate haiN| kahA hai tathA kaNAda ke vaizeSika darzana ( 111116 ) meM buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, sneha, nAmiddhika"dravyAzrayIna guNavAn saMyogavibhAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti guNa-lakSaNam' / / dravatva, adRSTa ( dharma aura adharma ), bhAvanA-saMskAra ( saMskAra ke tIna batalAyA hai| (saMyoga aura vibhAga meM anapekSa akAraNa, nirguNa evaM bheda haiM-vega, bhAvanA aura sthitisthApaka) aura zabda ye 14+2 dravyAzrayI ko guNa kahate haiN| yahA~ saMyoga-vibhAga meM anapekSa akAraNa vizeSa guNa haiN| saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, pada dvArA karma meM atiyApti kA vAraNa kiyA gayA hai kyoMki maMyoga aparatva, a dvika dravatva ( naimittika dravatva) gurutva aura vega vibhAga meM kAraNa karma hai) (saMskAra bheda ) ye 8+2 sAmAnya guNa haiN| isa taraha saMskAra aura dravandha AMzika rUpa se donoM meM hai| uparyukta sabhI paribhASAoM se spaSTa hai ki dravya meM mavAya mUrta aura amUrta ke bheda se bhI guNa tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiye sambandha sa guNa aura karma donoM rahate haiN| ataH guNa kI paribhASA jAte haiM-(1) mUrta guNa-(jo guNa amUrta padArthoM meM nahIM rahate, meM karmako pR.ka karane ke lie karmabhinnatya batalAyA gayA hai tathA na ki mUrta meM rahane vAle; anyathA saMkhyA meM ativyApti hogI) svarUpa-sambandha se guNoM meM saMkhyAtmaka guNa kA astitva mAnA jAne .. rUpa rasa, sparza, gandha, paratva, aparatva, dravatva, sneha, vega (saMskara), se 'nirgaNatva' pada kA sanniveza kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha guNa use sthitisthApaka (saMskAra ) tathA gurutva ye 9+2 guNa mUrta haiN| ' kahate haiM jo dravya meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA ho, karma se bhinna (2) amUrta guNa--(jo guNa mUrta meM nahIM rahate, na ki amUrta meM ho, jAti se yukta ho tathA nirguNa ho| rahane vAle guNa, anyathA AkAzagata ekatva meM ativyApti hogii| kaNAda ne vaizeSika darzana ( 1 / 1 ) meM 17 guNoM ko ginAyA dharma, adharma, bhAvanA (saMskAra ), zabda, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, igachA, hai. 'rUparamagandhasparzasaMkhyA: parimANAni pRthaktvaM saMyogavibhAgo dveSa aura prayatna ye 9+1 amUrta guNa haiN| (3) ubhayavRtti guNa - paratvAparatve buddhiH (buddhayaH) sukhaduHkhe icchAdveSau prayatnazca guNAH' / saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga aura vibhaag| yahA~ prayukta 'ca' zabda kA Azraya lekara vyAkhyAkAroM ne gurutva, dravatva, guNoM kA anya kaI prakAroM se ( ekendriyagrAhya, dvIndriyagrAhya, sneha, saMskAra, dharma, adharma aura zabda ina sAta guNoM ko jor3akara atIndriyagrAhya Adi) bhI vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai jise kArikAupoM kI saMkhyA 24 kara dI hai| navyanyAya meM 21 guNoM ko ginAyA valI (bhASApariccheda ) Adi granthoM se dekha lenA caahie|
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________________ 8 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH karma-sAmAnyanAmAni ] prazna-kisa dravya meM kauna-kauna se guNa hote haiM ? uttara--(1) pRthivI meM-sparza, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva, vega (saMskAra), gurutva, dravatva, rUpa, rasa aura gandha-ye 14 guNa haiN| (2) jala meM pRthvI ke guNoM meM gandha ke sthAna para sneha kara dene se jala ke bhI 14 guNa haiN| (3) teja meM-sparzAdi 8 tathA rUpa, dravatva aura vega ( saMskAra ) / (4) vAyu meM-sparzAdi 8 tathA vega (sNskaar)|(5) AkAza meMsaMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga aura zabda / (6-7) kAla aura dizA meM-saMkhyAdi 5 guNa / (8) AtmA meM-buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, saMkhyAdi 5, bhAvanA (saMskAra), dharma aura . adharma-ye 14 guNa haiM / (9) mana meM-saMkhyAdi 5, paratva, aparatva, / aura vega ( saMskAra )-ye 8 guNa haiN| (10) Izvara meM-saMkhyA di 5, buddhi, icchA aura prayatna-ye 8 guNa haiN| [kriyanti karmANi, kAni ca tAni?1 utkSepaNA'pakSepaNA''kuJcanaprasAraNagamanAni paJca karmANi / anuvAda-[karma kitane haiM aura ve kauna haiM ] karma pA~ca haiM-- (1) utkSepaNa ( Ara kI ora phekanA yA jAnA ), (2) . . apakSepaNa (nIce kI ora pheMkanA yA jAnA), (3) AkUzcana (sameTanA, sakucanA yA ekatrita honA), (4) prasAraNa (phailAnA yA phailanA) aura (5) gamana ( anya sabhI prakAra kI gti)| vyAkhyA-karma kI kaI paribhASAe~ granthoM meM milatI haiN| jaisedIpikA TIkA meM 'saMyogabhinnatve sati saMyogAsamavAthikAraNaM karma' (karma saMyoga kA asamavAyikAraNa to hai parantu svayaM saMyoga nahIM hai| (2) kaNAda ne 'ekadravyamaguNaM saMyogavibhAgeSvanapekSaM kAraNamiti karmalakSaNam' (karma eka dravya meM rahane vAlA kintu guNa se bhinna saMyoga-vibhAga meM anapekSa kAraNa hai) kahA hai| isa taraha karma use kaheMge jisake hone para saMyoga aura vibhAga anivArya ho| karma sAmAnyataH gati kA bodhaka hai| aura gati prAyaH tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-Upara se nIce kI ora, nIce se Upara kI ora; aura vakra (tiryak ) / bakragati do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| dUragAmI aura nikttgaamii| zeSa gatiyoM ( bhramaNa, recana, spandana Adi) ko gamana mAnA jAtA hai| [sAmAnyaM katividham ? ] paramaparaM ceti dvividhaM sAmAnyam / anuvAda-[ sAmAnya kitane prakAra kA hai? ] sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai -(1)para-pAmAnya ( jo adhika deza meM rahatA hai ) aura (2) apara-sAmAnya ( jo kama deza meM rahatA hai)| vyAkhyA-sAmAnya vaha hai jo nitya hai, eka hai aura aneka adhikaraNoM meM samavAya-sambandha se rahatA hai (nitymekmnekaangtm)| ghaTa anitya hai parantu usameM tathA anya aneka ghaToM meM samavAya-sambandha se rahane vAlA ghaTatva nitya hai, eka hai, ataH vaha sAmAnya hai| sAmAnya ko hI kAlAntara meM 'jAti' nAma se kahA jAne lgaa| yaha sAmAnya dravya, guNa aura karma-- ina tIna padArthoM meM hI rahatA hai| yaha sAmAnya (jAti) para aura apara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| 'para' vaha hai jo adhika Azraya meM rahe aura 'apara' vaha hai jo apekSAkRta usase alpa dhAzraya meM rhe| jaise--sattA nAma kI jAti anya sabhI sAmAnyoM se adhika Azraya meM rahane ke kAraNa 'para' hai| 'ghaTatva', 'paTatva' Adi jAtiyA~ alpa Azraya meM rahane ke kAraNa 'apara' haiM / dravyatva, pRthivItva Adi parApara sAmAnya haiM kyoMki ye sattA kI apekSA alpa deza vRtti haiM aura ghaTatvAdi kI apekSA adhika dezavRtti / ise hI kramazaH tarkAmRta meM vyApaka (sattA parasAmAnya), vyApya (ghaTatva- apara sAmAnya ) aura vyApyavyApaka (dravyatva = parApara sAmAnya ) sAmAnya kahA hai| vastutaH para aura apara kA vibhAjana sApekSa hai| kaNAda ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko vaizeSika
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________________ 10] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vizeSAH ] [11 kyoMki kRSNatva meM manuSyoM ke atirikta pazuoM Adi kA bhI saMgraha hone se sAMkarya doSa hai| [kiyanto vizeSAH ? ] nityadravyavRttayo vizeSa stvanantA eva / anudAda-[ vizeSa kitane haiM ? ] kevala nitya dravyoM (pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke paramANaoM tathA AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ye sabhI nitya dravya mAne jAte haiM ) meM rahane vAle vizeSa ananta hI haiN| darzana ( 1213) meM buddhisApekSa batalAyA hai-'sAmAnya vizeSa iti buddhadhokSam / ' kagAda ke buddhi sApekSa sAmAnya aura vizeSa se prastuta mAmAnya aura vizeSa padArtha bhinna haiM / ataH bhrama nahIM honA caahie| jAti aura upAdhi meM antara---akhaNDa aura sakhaNDa ke bheda se sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai| akhaNDa sAmAnya jAti hai aura sakhaNDa sAmAnya upAdhi hai| dravyatva, karmatva, ghaTatva Adi jAtiyA~ haiN| andhatva, daNDitva Adi upAdhiyA~ haiN| udayanAcArya ne nimna kArikA meM jAti bAdhaka cha: kAraNa die haiM, jinake kAraNa ApAtataH pratIta hone vAlA eka sAmAnya guNa jAti nahIM kahalAtA hai vyakterabhedastulyatvaM sNkro'thaanvsthitiH|| rUpahAnirasambandhI jAtibAdhakasaMgrahaH / / (1) vyaktarabhedaH-eka hI padArtha ke hone para jAti nahIM hotI, jaise--AkAzatva / (2) tulyatvam-paryAyavAcI padArthoM kI pRthakpRthaka jAti nahIM hotI, jaise ghaTatva aura kalazatva meM do alaga-alaga jAtiyo nahIM hotI haiN|| 3 saMkaraH -- 'jana sAmAnya guNoM meM paraspara sAGkaya ho ve jAti nahIM haiM, jaise-bhUtatva eva mUrtatva / 'AkAza' bhUta hai parantu mUrta nhiiN| mana' pUrta hai parantu bhUta nhiiN| AkAzAtirikta zeSa cAra ( pRthivI, ara, teja aura vAyu) bhUta bhI haiM aura bhUta bhI haiN|(4 anasthiti:-- jAti kI bhI jAti mAnane para anavasthA / doSa hogA, jaise-ghtttvtv| (5) rUpahAniH --vizeSa kI vizeSatva jAti mAnane para vizeSa ke svarUpa kI hAni hogii|| 5) asambandha --- jo paraspara asambaddha hoM unakI bhI jAti nahIM hotii| jaisesmvaaytv| isa taraha jAti eka vizeSa prakAra kA tatva hai jo ukta doSoM se rahita sthaloM meM hI hotA hai| isake atirikta upAdhi vaha hai jo aneka vyaktiyoM meM to rahatI ho parantu sAMkaryAdi doSoM se yukta ho| jaise - manuSyatva eka jAti hai parantu kRSNatva upAdhi hai ( jAti nahIM) khyA -vizeSa padArtha kI mahattA ke kAraNa hI yaha darzana vaizepika darzana' kahA jAtA hai / kaNAda ne vaivoSika darzana meM isa para vicAra karate hue use atya' (lanyatrAnvebhyo vizeSebhyaH) kahA hai jisase yaha vizeSa padArtha paramANa Adi nitya dravyoM / antya ) meM rahatA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki ghaTa-TAdi kA sajAtiyoM evaM vijAtiyoM meM paraspara bheda tI avayava-bheda se kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu niravayava paramANuoM ke paraspara bheda ko batalAne ke lie vizeSa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vizeSa paraspara svataH bhinna haiN| ata: unameM paraspara bheda ke lie kisI Aya bhedaka tattva kI AvazyakatA na hone se anavasthA doSa kA bhI prasaGga nahIM hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki sAvayaSa dravyoM meM vizeSa mAnane kI kAI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vizeSa ko nityadravyavRtti kahA hai arthAt ye vizeSa prathivI, jala, teja aura vAyU ke paramANuoM meM tathA AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana (mana paramANu rUpa mAnA gayA hai ) ina nitya dravyoM meM rahate haiN| pratyeka nitya padArtha meM pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se rahane ke kAraNa ye vizeSa saMkhyA meM ananta haiN| nadhya naiyAyika, mImAMsaka aura vedAntI isa vizeSa ko nahIM mAnate haiN|
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________________ 12 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH samavAyo'bhAvazca ] [ 13 vizeSa kI kucha paribhASAeM-(1) jAtirahitatve sati nityadravyavRttiH (jAti se rahita hote hue jo nitya dravyoM meM rahane vAlA ho), (2.) ekamAtra samavetatve sati sAmAnyazUnyaH ( ekamAtra samabeta hokara bhI sAmAnya se shuuny)| samavAyaH katividhaH ? ] samavAyastveka eva / anuvAta--[ samavAya = nitya sambandha kitane prakAra kA hai?] samavAya eka hI hai| dhyAkhyA-samavAya eka vizeSa prakAra ke ghaniSTha sambandha kA / dyotaka hai| yaha saMyoga kI taraha guNa nahIM hai apitu svatantra padArtha hai| samavAya ko spaSTa karate hue annambhaTTa ne kahA hai ki samavAya una do padArthoM meM jo sadA avibhakta rahate haiM, rahane vAlA nitya sambandha hai| saMyoga guNa hai tathA anitya sambandha hai| ghaTa ke kapAladvaya kA paraspara sambandha saMyoga sambandha hai, kyoMki ve donoM ghaTotpatti ke pUrva pRthak-pRthak the tathA ghaTa-nAza ke dvArA bhI pRthak-pRthak kiye jA sakate haiN| parantu ghaTa kA kapAladvaya ke sAtha jo sambandha hai vaha samavAya hai, kyoMki ghaTa una kapAloM se pRthaka na kabhI thA aura na kabhI ho sakatA hai| ataH ghaTa aura kapAla paraspara ayutasiddha haiN| nimna 5 sthaloM meM ayUtasiddha = samavAya sambandha mAnA gayA hai-(1) avayava aura avayavI meM, jaise-kapAladvaya aura ghaTa meM ( kapAladvaya meM ghaTa samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai)| (2) guNa aura guNI meM, jaiserUpAdi guNa ghaTa ( guNI) meN| (3) priyA aura kriyAvAna meM. jaise-utkSepaNa Adi kriyA ghaTa (kriyAvAn ) meN| (8)jAti aura vyakti meM, jaise--ghaTatva ghaTa meN| (5) vizeSa aura usake adhikaraNa nitya dravya meM, jaise jalaparamANu vizeSa jalaparamANu meN|| ghaTAdInAM kapAlAdau dravyeSu guNakarmaNoH / teSu jAnezca sambandha: gamavAyaH prakIrtitaH / / kArikAvalI 11 // nyAyadarzana meM samavAya kA vizeSa mahattva hai kyoMki usake kAryakAraNa ke siddhAnta kA AdhAra samavAya hI hai| sAMkhya, vedAnta, jaina Adi darzanoM meM samavAya-sambandha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| anyatra ise abheda sambandha yA tAdAtmya sambandha kahA jAtA hai, parantu svarUpa meM, antara hai| nyAya darzana kA samavAya nitya sambandha mAnA jAtA hai parantu usakI nityatA ApekSika ( kucha vizeSa prakAra kI ) hai| jaise ghaTAdi kArya ke naSTa ho jAne para vaha samavAya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH samavAya kI nityatA se tAtparya hai-'ghaTAdi kArya ko utpanna kiye binA na to ise utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na ghaTAdi kArya ko naSTa kie binA ise naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| arthAt ghaTAdi kArya ke sAtha hI yaha utpanna hotA hai aura usake naSTa hote hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| parantu jaba taka ghaTa rahatA hai usase vaha kabhI bhI kisI bhI prakAra se alaga nahIM hotA hai| yahI usakI nityatA hai| ataH kucha. navya naiyAyika ise nitya nahIM mAnate haiN| samavAya ko annambhaTTa ne eka hI batalAyA hai / naiyAyika samavAya ko pratyakSa mAnate haiM parantu kucha loga ( annambhadra bhI ) anumeya mAnate haiM, kyoMki AkAza ke pratyakSa na hone se AkAzagata zabda kA samavAya pratyakSa kaise hogA? samavAya samavAyiyoM meM samavAya sambandha se na rahakara tAdAtmya sambandha se hI rahatA hai, anyathA anavasthA doSa hogaa| [abhAva: katividhaH? ] abhAvazcaturvidhaH-prAgabhAvaH pradhvaMsAbhAvo'tyantAbhAvo'nyonyAbhAvazceti / [iti uddezaprakaraNam ] anuvAba-[abhAva kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] abhAva cAra prakAra kA hai-(1) prAgabhAva ( kArya kI utpatti ke pUrva kapAla-dvaya meM rahane vAlA) (2)pradhvaMsAbhAva yA vinAza / kAryotpatti ke pazcAt [.
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________________ 14] [ tarkasaMgrahaH abhAvaH ] [15 / / naSTa ghaTa meM rahane vAlA), (3) atyantAbhAva ( traikAlika abhAva) aura / 4) anyonyAbhAva yA bheda ( vastu kA tAdAtmya-sambandha se svetara vastu meM na rahanA ) / [uddeza prakaraNa samApta ] vyAkhyA-abhAva kA artha hai-bhaav-bhinn| ataH abhAva kA lakSaNa kiyA hai....'pratiyogijJAnAdhInaviSayatvam' jisakA jJAna usake pratiyogI virodhI zatrubhUta ) padArtha ke jJAna para AdhArita ho| jaise--'ghaTAbhAvavad bhUtalam' yaha bhUtala ghaTAbhAva vAlA hai| arthAt yahA~ ghaTa nahIM hai| yahA~ ghaTAbhAva kA-pratiyogI (virodhI) hai 'ghtt'| usa pratiyogI ghaTa kI isa bhUtala para anupasthiti hai| ataH yahA~ ghaTAbhAva hai| isa taraha ghaTa ke abhAva kA jJAna usake pratiyogI ghaTa ke jJAna para AdhArita huaa| abhAva kA naiyAyikoM ne pratyakSa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki abhAva vizeSaNatA sambandha se adhikaraNa se sambaddha rahatA hai| yaha na to samavAya sambandha se kahIM rahatA hai aura na isameM koI samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| ataH jaba 'ghaTAbhAvavad bhUtakam' kahA jAtA hai to usakA artha hai bhUtala ghaTAbhAva se viziSTa hai| yahI vizeSaNatA sambandha se abhAva kA adhikaraNa meM rahanA hai| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki kaNAda ne apane vaizeSika darzana meM abhAva padArtha ko nahIM ginAyA hai parantu unake dvArA prayukta 'kAraNAbhAvAt kAryAbhAvaH' Adi prayogoM ko dekhakara vyAkhyAkAroM ne abhAva ko pRthaka padArtha mAna liyA hai| vastutaH isa bhrama kA kAraNa prakSipta pATha hai| abhAva ke jo cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM ve ApekSika bheda haiM, vAstavika nahIM, kyoMki abhAva bhUtala kA koI vizeSaNa nahIM hai, apitu bhUtala ko kevala bhUtala ke hI rUpa meM kahane kA eka prakAra hai| prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva ko saMsargAbhAva bhI kahA jAtA hai| ataH saMsargAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva ke bheda se abhAva ke do bheda bhI kiye jAte haiN| anyonyAbhAva meM donoM padArtha samAnAdhikaraNa (prathamAnta ) hote haiM aura saMsargAbhAva meM eka adhikaraNa hotA hai aura dUsarA Adheya / kramazaH inake svarUpa nimna haiM (1) prAgabhAva-( utpatteH pUrva kAryasya ) ghaTAdi kArya kI utpatti se pUrva kapAlAdi meM rahane vAlA jo ghaTAdi kA abhAva hai vaha prAgabhAva hai| arthAt jisakA vinAza to hotA ho parantu jisakI utpatti na hotI ho vaha prAgabhAva hai| ataH ise anAdi aura sAnna mAnA jAtA hai| jaise-ghaTotpatti ke pUrva kAlAdi meM ghaTa kA abhAva prAgabhAva hai| (2) adhvaMsAbhAva - utpanantara kAryastha) patthara Adi ke prahAra se ghaTAdi kArya ke naSTa ho jAne para hone vAlA ghaTAdi kArya kA abhAva hai pradhvaMmAbhAva arthAt jisakI utpatti to hotI hai parantu vinAza nahIM hotA hai / ataH sAdi aura ananta mAnA jAtA hai| jaiseTUTe hue ghaTa ke Tukar3oM meM ghaTa kA pradhvaMsAbhAva hai| (3) atyantAbhAva-(traikAlika-saMsargAvacchinna pratiyogitAka: ) traikAlika abhAva hai atyantAbhAva / arthAta jisakI na to utpatti ho aura na nAza ho parantu jisakI pratiyogitA saMyoga, samavAya Adi kisI sambandha se avacchinna / yukta) ho, vaha hai atyantAbhAva / jaise-vAyu meM rUpa kA abhAva hai| isI prakAra isa ghara meM ghaTa nahIM hai' ina jJAna kA viSaya bhI hai atyntaabhaav|| (4) anyonyAnAva- tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinnapratiyogitAkaH) 'ghaTa paTa nahIM hai aura paTa ghaTa nahIM hai| isa jJAna kA viSaya jo abhAva hai vaha hai anyonyAbhAva yA pArasparika abhAva / ise hI pAribhASika * avacchinna ho| tAdAtmya sambandha se vastu apane meM hI rahatI hai aura jahA~ jo vastu jisa sambandha se nahIM rahatI hai vahA~ usa vastu kA tatsamba-dhAvacchinnA-pratiyogitAka abhAva rahatA hai| jaise-tAdAtmya
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________________ pRthivIlakSaNam ] 16] [ tarkasaMgrahaH [ 17 saMbaMdha se ghaTa-ghaTa meM hI rahatA hai, anyatra nahIM rahatA hai| paTa-paTa meM .. tmya sambandha se rahatA hai| anyatra nahIM rahatA hai| ataH ghaTa ko chor3akara anyatra sarvatra paTAdi meM ghaTa kA tathA paTa ko chor3akara anyatra sarvatra ghaTAdi meM paTa kA tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinnapratiyogitAkAbhAva rahegA, vahI hai ghaTa kA paTa meM aura paTa kA ghaTa meM anyonyAbhAva (ghaTe paTatvaM nAsti, paTe ghaTatvaM naasti)| anyonyAbhAva meM donoM pada samAnAdhikaraNa vAle (prathamAnta) hote haiM / jaise'ghaTaH paTo nAsti' / isakA vistRta vicAra Age kiyA jaayegaa| [ uddeza prakaraNa samApta] 2. dravyalakSaNaprakaraNam [pRthivyAH kiM lakSaNaM, kati ca bhedAH 1] tatra gandhavatI pRthivii| sA dvividhA / nityAnityA ca / nityA paramANurUpA / anityA kAryarUpA / punastrividhA zarArendriyaviSayabhedAt / zarIramasmadAdInAm / indriyaM gandhagrAhakaM ghrANaM nAsAgravarti / viSayo mRtpASANAdiH / ___anuvAda-[pRthivI kA svarUpa kyA hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM ? ] unameM (pUrvokta pRthivI Adi nau dravyoM meM) pRthivI vaha hai jisameM (samavAyasambandha se ) gandha guNa rahatA hai| vaha pRthivI do prakAra kI hai--(1) nitya pRthivI aura (2) anitya pRthivI / paramANurUpa pRthivI nitya pRthivI hai aura kAryarUpa pRthivI (ghaTapaTAdi rUpa yA dvaghaNuka se lekara mahApRyivIrUpa samasta utpattizIla pRthvI ) anitya pRthivI hai| punaH ( vaha kAryarUpA anitya pRthivI) zarIra, indriya aura viSaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai| hama logoM kA zarIra zarIrAtmaka pRthivI (pArthiva zarIra ) hai| nAsikA ke agrabhAga meM sthita gandha guNa ko grahaNa karane vAlI ghrANa indriyAtmaka pRthivI (pArthiva indriya) hai| mRttikA patthara Adi (ghaTa, paTa Adi) viSayAmaka pRthivI (pArthiva viSaya ) hai| vyAkhyA-yadyapi pRthivI meM rUpa, rasa, gandha, aura sparza guNa pAe jAte haiM 'rUparasagandhasparzavatI pRthivI' (vaizeSikadarzana 2011) parantu lakSaNa koTi meM kevala asAdhAraNa guNa ko hI ginAyA gayA hai| lakSaNa koTi meM asAdhAraNa guNa hI batalAyA jAtA hai jisase anya dravyoM ke sAtha pArthakya spaSTa kiyA jA ske| gandha pRthivI kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai jo kevala prathivI meM pAyA jAtA hai| jalAdi meM jo gandha kI pratIti hotI hai vaha prathivI ke kaNoM ke sammizraNa ke kAraNa hotI hai| patthara Adi meM jo gandha kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai usakA kAraNa hai vahA~ para gandha gaNa kA anubhUtarUpa meM rhnaa| utpadyamAna dravya kSaNa bhara ke lie nirgaNa mAnA jAtA hai aura tadnusAra usa samaya pRthivI meM gandha guNa bhI nahIM rhegaa| aisI sthiti meM 'gandhavatva' lakSaNa kA artha hogaa| 'gandhavajjAtIyatva' yA 'gndhsmaanaadhikrnndrvytvaaprjaatimtv'| isa taraha utpattikAlIna gandhahIna ghaTa meM bhI gandhavajjAtIyatva rahane se koI doSa ( avyApti doSa) nahIM hai| pariSkRta lakSaNa ko isa prakAra samajhA jAegAgandha ke adhikaraNa dvitIya kSaNAdikAlIna ghaTa meM rahane vAlI jo jAti 'pRthivItva' hai vaha ( tadvattA) utpattikAlIna ghaTa meM bhI hai| yadyapi daizika aura kAlika sambandha se dizA aura kAla meM bhI gandhavatva pAyA jAtA hai parantu ina donoM meM lakSaNa na jAe etadartha samavAya sambandha se gandhavattva kahA hai| yahI 'vata' zabda kA artha hai| zarIra, indriya aura viSaya ke bheda se kAryarUpA anityA pRthivI kA hI vibhAjana abhipreta hai, na ki sampUrNa pRthvI kaa| aisA hI artha jalAdi ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA cAhie / 'zarIra' kA artha hai 'Atmano bhogAyatanam' (AtmA ke bhoga kA sthAna) athavA antyA'vayavitve sati ceSTAzrayam' (jisameM svatantra ceSTA ho aura jo antima avayavI ho)| indriya zabda kA artha hai-'zabdetarodbhUta
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________________ 18] [ tarkasaMgrahaH jala-tejasoH lakSaNe 1 [ 19 vizeSaguNAnAzrayatve sati jJAnakAraNamanaHsaMyogAzrayam' (jo mana ke saMyoga se jJAna kA kAraNa ho parantu svayaM zabda ke alAvA kisI anya vizeSa guNa kA Azraya na ho)| viSaya zabda kA artha haizarIra aura indriya se bhinna nirjIba pASANAdi jJeya padArtha / isa taraha yahA~ 'viSaya' zabda eka sImita artha meM prayukta haA hai, samasta jJeya padArtho ke artha meM nhiiN| paramANuoM kI viSaya mAnA jAe ki nahIM isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| isI taraha 'vakSa ko viSaya mAnA jAe yA zarIra' isa viSaya meM bhI matabheda hai| [jalasya kiM lakSaNaM, kati ca bhedAH ? ] zItasparzavatya . ApaH / tA dvividhaaH| nityA anityAzca / nityA paramANurUpAH anityA kaaryruupaaH| punatrividhAH zarIrendriyaviSayabhedAt / zarIraM vrunnloke| indriya rasagrAhakaM rasanaM jihvAgravati / viSayaH sritsmudraadiH| anuvAda--[ jala kA kyA svarUpa hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM ?] jala vaha hai jisameM (samavAya sambandha se) zItala sparza nAmaka guNa pAyA jAtA hai| jala do prakAra kA hotA hai --(1) nitya jala aura (2) anitya jl| paramANurUpa jala nitya jala hai tathA kAryarUpa ' jala (nadI Adi rUpayA dvaSaNuka Adi rUpa) anitya jala hai| punaH (vaha kAryarUpa anitya jala ) zarIra, indriya aura viSaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai / jaise-varuNa loka meM | prANiyoM kA zarIra jalAtmaka hai, ataH unakA zarIra ] zarIrAtmaka jala ( jalIya zarIra ) hai| jihvA ke agrabhAga meM sthita rasa guNa ko grahaNa karane vAlI jIbha indriyAtmaka jala (jalIya indriya) hai| nadI, samudra Adi ( tAlAba, kUpa Adi ) viSayAtmaka jala ( jalIya viSaya) hai| vyAkhyA-- 'zItala sparza honA' jala kA svarUpa hai| anya pASANAdi dravyoM meM jo zItalatA dekhI jAtI hai vaha jala ke sambandha ke hI kAraNa hai| yahA~ bhI pRthivI kI hI taraha 'zItasparzavatva' kA artha hai-'zItasparzasamAnAdhikaraNadravyatvavyApyajAtimattva / ' zeSa nirUpaNa pRthivI ke hI samAna hai| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki pArthiva zarIra to pratyakSa hai parantu jalIya-zarIra jalamaya kaise hai? jalIya zarIra varuNa loka meM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki yahA~ pratyakSa gocara nahIM hai| TIkAkAroM ne jalIya zarIra meM sthiratA pradAna" / hetu usameM pArthiva kA alpa sammizraNa mAnA hai| jalIya indriya kI bhI yahI sthiti hai parantu jalIya indriya jihvA pratyakSa hai| tejasaH kiM lakSaNaM, ke ca bhedAH 1] ussnnsprshvttejH| taca dvividham / nityamanityaM ca / nityaM paramANurUpam / anityaM kAryarUpam / punastrividhaM zarIrendriyaviSayabhedAt / zarIramAdityaloke prasiddham / indriyaM rUpagrAhaka cakSuH kRSNatArApravati / viSayazcaturvidho bhaumadivyodaryAkarajabhedAt / bhaumaM bahathAdikam / avindhanaM divyaM vidyudAdi / bhuktasya pariNAmaheturudaryam / AkarajaM suvarNAdi / anuvAda--[ teja kA kyA svarUpa hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM ? ] ' teja baha hai jisameM [ samavAya sambandha se | uSNa sparNa (guNa) ho| vaha teja do prakAra kA hai-nitya teja aura anitya tej| paramANarUpa teja nitya teja hai aura kAryarUpa teja ( vahni Adi yA dvayaNukAdi rUpa teja ) anitya hai| punaH [ kAryarUpa anitya teja ] zarIra, indriya aura viSaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| zarIrAtmaka teja (tejasa zarIra ) Aditya (sUrya) loka meM prasiddha hai| rUpa guNa kA pratyakSa jJAna karAne vAlI AMkha jo kAlI putalI ke agrabhAga meM sthita hai vaha indriyAtmaka teja (taijasa indriya) hai| tejasa viSaya bhauma, divya, udarya aura Akaraja ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| agni Adi (juganU Adi ) bhauma teja haiM [ kyoMki vaha bhUmirUpa indhana se utpanna
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________________ 20 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH hotA hai ] / jalarUpa indhana se prAdurbhUta vidyud Adi ( vaDavAgni aadi| sUrya, candra Adi bhI divya taja meM ginAye jAte haiM ) divya teja haiM / mAI huI ( bhukta ) vastuo ko pacAne vAlI jaTharAgni (khAye gaye anna evaM piye gaye jala Adi ko rasAdirUpa meM pariNata karane vAlI udarastha agni) udarya teja hai| suvarNa Adi (cA~dI Adi dhAtuyeM ) Akaraja (khAnoM se utpanna ) teja haiN| vyAkhyA-'uSNa sparza honA' teja kA svarUpa hai| anya dravyoM meM jo uSNatA dekhI jAtI hai vaha teja ke paramANuoM ke sambandha ke hI kAraNa hai| yahA~ bhI pRthivI kI taraha 'uSNasparzavatva' kA artha jAti pada se tejastva karanA cAhie 'uSNasparzasamAnAdhikaraNadravyatvavyApyajAtimattvam / zeSa nirUpaNa pRthivI ke hI samAna hai| teja ke sambandha meM kucha cintanIya bAteM (1) suvarNa Adi kA taijasatva-suvarNa, cA~dI Adi khAnoM se utpanna hone vAlI dhAtuoM ko nyAyadarzana meM taijasa mAnA gayA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki ye dhAtuyeM tIva Aga para tapAne se naSTa nahIM hotI haiM, ataH ye pRthivI tattva nahIM haiN| jala kI taraha svAbhAvika 'taralatA' na hone se jala bhI nahIM haiM / rUpa hone se vAyu bhI nahIM haiM / AkAzAdi pA~ca tattvoM meM samAveza kA prazna ho upasthita nahIM hotA hai| ataH suvarNa meM pArthiva dharma gurutva aura pItatva ko dekhakara haldI Adi ke samAna pArthiva na mAnakara taijasa mAnanA caahie| suvarNa meM bhAsvara rUpa aura uSNa sparza upalabdha na hone kA kAraNa hai pArthiva rUpa evaM ' sparza se Acchanna rhnaa| pIta rUpa aura gurutva pArthiva aMza haiM tathA usa pArthiva aMza ko atyanta tIvra agni-saMyoga ke hone para bhI naSTa hone se rokane vAlA (pratibandhaka ) tattva hI vAstavika suvarNa hai| mImAMsakoM ne ina dhAtuoM ko tejasa na mAnakara pRthak dravya mAnA hai| (2) cakSu indriya-Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra cakSu kI kRSNa tArikA kevala bAhyaprakAza ke andara jAne kA mArga hai / rUpa kA grAhaka vAyoH lakSaNam ] [21 raiTInA hai| naiyAyikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki cakSu se teja kI kiraNeM nikalakara bAhya padArtha taka jAtI haiM tathA use chUkara jAnatI haiM / ise hI dArzanika zabdAvali meM cakSu kI prApyakAritA kahA jAtA hai / parantu jaina dArzanika cakSa ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiN| tadanusAra indriya bAhara nahIM jAtI hai apitu padArtha para par3ane vAlI prakAza kI kiraNeM hI usa padArtha ko raiTInA se sambandhita karA detI haiN| (3) anya vibhAjana- vaizeSikadarzana ke upaskArabhASyakAra zaMkara mizra ne teja kA caturvidha vibhAjana kiyA hai-(1) udbhUtarUpa-sparza (jinameM prakaTa rUpa bhI hai aura sparza bhI hai jaise - sUrya Adi kA prakAza ), (2) udbhUtarUpa tathA anubhUtasparza ( jinameM prakaTa rUpa to hai parantu sparza prakaTa nahIM hai, jaise-candramA kA prakAza ), (3) anubhUtarUpasparza (jinameM rUpa aura sparza prakaTa nahIM haiM, jaise--netra kI jyoti ) aura ( 4 ) anubhUtarUpa aura udbhUtasparza (jinameM rUpa to aprakaTa hai parantu sparza prakaTa, jaise-tapA huA ghdd'aa)| [vAyoH kiM lakSaNaM, ke ca bhedAH ? 1 rUparahitasparzavAn vaayuH| sa dvividho nityo'nityazca / nityaH prmaannuruupH| anityaH kaaryruupH| punatrividhaH zarIrendriya viSaya bhedAt / zarIraM vaayuloke| indriyaM sparzagrAhakaM tvaksarva' zarIravarti / viSayo vRkssaadikmpnhetuH| zarIrAntaHsaMcArI vAyuH prANaH / sa caiko'pyupAdhibhedAtprANa pAnAdisaMjJAM labhate / - anuvAda -[ vAyu kA kyA lakSaNa hai tathA usake kitane bheda haiM ? ] vAyu vaha hai jo rUpa se rahita hokara bhI sparzavAn (sparzana indriya se jJeya ) ho| vaha vAyu do prakAra kA hai-(1) nitya aura (2)
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________________ 22 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH anitya / nitya vAyu paramANurUpa hai aura anitya vAyu kAryarUpa hai| zarIra, indriya aura viSaya ke bheda se anitya vAyu punaH tIna prakAra kA hai| zarIrAtmaka vAyu (vAyavIya zarIra ) vAyUloka meM hai| indriyAtmaka vAyu (vAyavIya indriya) sparza (uSNa, zItala Adi sparza) kI grAhaka tvagindriya hai jo sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai| viSayAtmaka vAyu (vAyavIya viSaya) vRkSa Adi (jala Adi) ko hilAne vAlA hai| zarIra ke andara saJcAra karane vAle vAyu ko 'prANa' (prANavAyu) kahate haiN| yadyapi vaha prANavAyu eka hI hai parantu upAdhi ke bheda se prANa, apAna Adi ( samAna, udAna aura vyAna) saMjJAoM (nAmoM ) ko prApta hotA hai| arthAt hRdayastha vAyu ko prANavAyu, gudAbhAgastha vAyu ko apAna vAyu, nAbhipradezastha vAyU ko samAna vAyU, kaNThadezastha vAyu ko udAna vAyu tathA sampUrNa zarIra-vyApI vAyu ko vyAna vAyu kahate haiN| isa taraha vaha eka hI vAyu Azraya ke bheda se pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| vyAkhyA--pa-rahita sparzavAn ko vAyu kahA gayA hai| isakA sarza anUSNAzIta (na uSNa aura na zItala) mAnA gayA hai| ataH jala aura teja meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| rUparahita hone se pRthibyAdi meM ativyApti nahIM hogii| kevala rUparahita kahane para AkAgAdi meM ativyApti hotI. ataH sparzavAna bhI kahA hai| kevala sparzavAn kahane se pRthivyAdi meM ativyApti hotii| prANa ko bhI vAyu ke antargata batalAyA gayA hai| usa prANa ke hI upAdhi-bheda se , pAMca bheda kie gaye haiN| arthAt zarIra ke bhItara vibhinna sthAnoM para pRthak-pRthak kArya karate hue saMcAra karane vAlI vAyu ko hI prANAdi * ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| kahA hai-- hRdi prANo gude'pAna: samAno nAbhisaMsthitaH / udAnaH kaNThadezastho vyAnaH sarvazarIragaH / / ' 'vAyu kA pratyakSa hotA hai yA nahIM isa viSaya meM naiyAyikoM ke do mata haiM-(1) prAcIna naiyAyikoM ( annambhaTTa bhI ) ke anusAra vAyu AkAzalakSaNam ] [ 23 pratyakSagamya na hokara anumeya hai / unakA hetu hai ki pratyakSa hone ke lie sparzavAna ke sAtha udbhUta rUpavAn bhI honA caahie| ataH ve anuSNAzItasparza se vAyu ko anumeya mAnate haiM-sparzAnumeyo vAyuH / tathAhiyo'yaM bAyo vAti sati anuSNAzItaspa: bhAsate sa sparzaH kvacidAzrita , guNatvAt, rUpavat / (2) navyanaiyAyikoM ke anusAra vAyu kA spArzana pratyakSa hotA hai| inakA kayana hai ki cAkSuSa pratyakSa ke hI lie udbhUtarUpa honA Avazyaka hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vAyu eka prakAra kI gaisa hai| [AkAzasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhaM ca tat ? ] zabdaguNakamAkAzam / taccaika vibhu nityaM c| anuvAda-[ AkAza kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] AkAza vaha hai jisameM [samavAya sambandha se ] zabda guNa vidyamAna ho / vaha AkAza eka hai, vyApaka hai aura nitya hai| vyAkhyA zabda guNa ke Azraya ko AkAza kahA gayA hai| AkAza ko aneka mAnane kA koI prayojana na hone se vaha eka hai| 'ghaTAkAza' Adi vyavahAra auSAdhika hai| yabhI mUrta dravyoM ( pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu aura mana ) se saMyukta hone ke kAraNa vyApaka hai| vyApaka hone se nitya hai| pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke sAtha AkAma ko bhI bhUna mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki inake vizeSaguNa (gandha, rasa, rUpa sparza aura zabda) bAhya indriyoM se grahaNa kiye jAte haiM athavA kisI kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa honA 'bhUta' hone kA niyAmaka hai| AkAza bhI zabda-guNa kA upAdAna kAraNa hone se bhUta hai / paricchinna (sImita ) parimANa na hone se athavA kriyA kA Azraya na hone se AkAza ko pRthivyAdi kI taraha mUrta nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| vaha kAla 'Adi kI taraha amUrta hai| prazna-jaise pRthivyAdi kI paribhASAoM meM 'guNa' pada kA sanniveza nahIM hai usI prakAra yahA~ bhI 'zabdavadAkAzam' kahA jA sakatA thA,
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________________ 24 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH phira kyoM guNa pada adhika diyA gayA ? uttara-nyAyabodhinIkAra kA kahanA hai ki AkAza meM eka zabda mAtra hI vizeSa guNa rahatA hai, anya vizeSa guNa nahIM, ataH yahA~ guNa zabda kA prayoga vizeSa guNa ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai / vAkyavRttikAra tathA siddhAntacandrodayakAra ke anusAra yahA~ guNa zabda kA prayoga bhATTa-mImAMsakoM ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ve zabda ko padArtha mAnate haiM, guNa nhiiN| zabda eka janya-vizeSaguNa hai parantu vaha saMyoga-janya nahIM hai| paramANuoM ke janyavizeSaguNa saMyoga-janya haiN| ataH sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM AkAza ko prakArAntara se 'saMyogAjanyajanyavizeSaguNasamAnAdhikaraNavizeSAdhikaraNam' kahA hai| [kAlasya kiM lakSaNaM, kati ca bhedA: 1] atItAdivyavahArahetuH kAlaH / sa caiko vibhunityazca / ___anuvAba-[ kAla kA kyA svarUpa hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM ? ] atIta (bhUta ) Adi ( bhaviSya evaM vartamAna ) ke vyavahAra (vAkya-prayoga ) kA jo [ nimitta ] kAraNa hai use kAla kahate haiM / arthAt jisase bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA vyavahAra hotA hai usa kAla dravya kahate haiM / vaha kAla dravya eka hai, jyApaka hai aura nitya hai| vyAkhyA- 'yA', 'hai' aura 'hogA' isa prakAra 'vAkya-prayoga' rUpa vyavahAra jisa dravya ke Azraya se ho athavA jo ukta vyavahAra ke prati nimitakAraNa ho vaha kAla hai| yadi vyavahArahetU' mAtra ko kAla kaheMge to 'yaha ghaTa hai' isa prakAra ke vyavahAra ko lekara ghaTAdi bhI kAla ho jaayeNge| ata: lakSaNa meM 'atItAdivyavahArahetuH' kahA hai| yahA~ vyavahAra' zabda kA artha hai 'vAkya-prayoga' aura 'hetu' zabda kA artha hai 'asAdhAraNa nimittkaarnn'| prazna-vyavahAra ( vAkya-prayoga) samavAya saMbandha se AkAza meM rahatA hai kyoMki atItAdi-vyavahAra zabdarUpa hai| ataH AkAza kAla-dizalakSaNe ] [ 25 - kAlAtmaka vyavahAra kA samavAyikAraNa hone se atItAdi-vyavahAra kA hetu hai, isa taraha lakSaNa meM ativyApti doSa hai| yadi isa doSa ke nirAkaraNArtha kAla ko nimittakAraNa mAneMge to kaNTha-tAlu-saMyoga meM ativyApti hogI kyoMki kaNTha-tAlu saMyoga atItAdi vAkyaprayoga ke prati nimittakAraNa hai| utara- isa doSa ke nirAkaraNArtha lakSaNa meM vibhutva' pada jor3A jAtA hai arthAt 'atItAdivyavahArahetutve sati vibhutvaM kaaltvm'| kaNTha-tAlu-saMyoga vibhu nahIM hai, ataH ukta lakSaNa doSarahita hai| dIpikA TIkA meM dUsarA lakSaNa diyA hai 'sarvAdhAraH kAlaH sarvakArye nimittakAraNaM ca' (kAla sabakA AdhAra hai aura samasta kAryoM ke prati nimittakAraNa hai)| Izvara kI icchA meM ativyApti dUra karane ke lie lakSaNa meM kAlikasambandhena' pada jor3anA hogA? tadanusAra 'kAlikasambandhena sarvAdhAratve sati sarvakArye nimittakAraNatvam' hogaa| kAlika-saMbandha se kAla sabhI vastuoM kA AdhAra hote hue sabhI kAryoM ke prati nimittakAraNa hai| ghaTAkAza Adi kI taraha atItAdi kAlabheda aupAdhika ( avAstavika ) hai| kAla saMkhyA meM eka hai aura vyApaka hai| kAla . . kI gaNanA yadyapi bhata dravyoM meM kI jAtI hai parantu use amUrta mAnA jAtA hai| kucha naiyAyika kSaNAtmaka kAla ko pramukha mAnate haiN| jaina darzana meM kAla ko aNurUpa aura sarvatra una aNaoM ke vartamAna hone . se unheM saMkhyA meM ananta mAnA hai| [dizaH kiM lakSaNaM, katividhA ca sA ? ] prAcyAdivyavahAraheturdika / sA caikA nityA vibhvI ca / anuvAda-(dizA kA kyA svarUpa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kI hai ? ] prAcI (pUrva ) Adi (pazcima, dakSiNa aura uttara ) ke vyavahAra kA jo kAraNa [ dravya ] hai vaha dizA hai / vaha dizA eka hai, nitya hai aura vyApaka hai|
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________________ 26 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH AtmanaHlakSaNam ] [27 kAla kI taraha sabhI kAryoM kA daizika sambandha se asAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa hai parantu AkAza nahIM (AkAza kevala zabda kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai)| isa bheda ke sAtha donoM meM kucha sAmya bhI hai, jaise-donoM nitya haiM, eka haiM, vyApaka haiM, amUrta haiM tathA anumeya haiN| bheda bhI donoM ke aupAdhika haiN| [AtmanaH kiM lakSaNaM, katividhazca saH ? ] jJAnAdhi- karaNamAtmA / sa dvividhaH-jIvAtmA paramAtmA ceti / tatrezvaraH sarvajJaH paramAtmA eka eva / jIvastu pratizarIraM bhinno vibhunityazca / vyAkhyA-'yaha pUraba hai', 'yaha pazcima hai' ityAdi vyavahAra jisa dravya se hotA hai use dik' (dizA) kahate haiN| isa taraha dizA kI paribhASA kAla kI hI taraha dI gaI hai| kArikAvalI meM 'dUrAntikAdidhIhetu:' padArthoM ke dUra aura samIpa hone kI buddhi ke kAraNa ko dizA batalAyA gayA hai| dizA meM koI vizeSa guNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| ataH sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM isakI paribhASA dI hai .... 'akAlasve satyavizeSaguNA mahatI' dizA vaha hai jo kAla se bhinna hai vyApaka hai aura " vizeSa guNa se rahita hai| yadyapi yaha dizA vyApaka, nitya eva eka hai parantu upAdhibheda se isake pramukha cAra prakAra kie jAte haiM(1) prAcI (pUraba yA udayAcala-sannihita nikTa dizA yA jahA~ sUryodaya hotA hai), 2) pratIcI ( pazcima yA astAcala-sannihita yA udayAcala se vyavahita = dura = viparIta dizA yA jahA~ sUrya DUbatA hai, (3) udIcI ( uttara yA sumeru parvata sannihita dizA) aura (4) avAcI ! dakSiNa yA sumeru parvata se vyavahita viparIta dizA ) / nyAyabodhinI-TIkAkAra govarddhana ke dvArA prayukta sannihita pada ke spaSTIkaraNArtha , ApekSika pUrva-pazcima-bhAva ke vyavahArasampAdanArtha) nIlakaNTha ne 'mUrtAvacchinnatva' pada diyA hai arthAt udayAcala-sannihita-mUrtAvacchinna-dizA prAcI hai, tAdRza acalavyavahitamUrtAvacchinnadizA pratIcI hai, sumeru-sannihitamUrtAvacchinna dizA udIcI hai aura sumesa-vyavahitamUrtAvacchinna dizA avAlI hai| isa taraha sUryodaya kA sthAna pUraba dizA kA aura sumeru parvata kA . sthAna uttara dizA kA niyAmaka hai| isI AdhAra se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki banArasa se paTanA pUraba meM aura prayAga pazcima meM hai| prazna-dizA aura AkAza meM kyA antara hai ? uttara-(1) AkAza bhUta hai aura dizA abhUta / ataH AkAza kA sambandha pRthivyAdi bhautika dravyoM se hai aura dizA kA sambandha abhautika mana se hai| (2) AkAza kA zabda vizeSa guNa hai parantu dizA kA koI. vizeSa guNa nahIM hai / (3) dizA anuvAda-[ AtmA kA kyA svarUpa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] jJAna ke adhikaraNa (Azraya ) ko AtmA kahate haiM arthAt jisameM samavAya sambandha se jJAna guNa rahatA hai vaha Atmadravya hai| AtmA do prakAra kA hai-jIvAtmA aura prmaatmaa| unameM paramAtmA eka hI hai. jise Izvara (sarvazakti sampanna, jagat kA kartA) tathA sarvajJa (trikAlajJa saba kucha jAnane vAlA) bhI kahA jAtA hai| jIvAtmA pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna hai ( arthAt jIva aneka haiM) parantu vyApaka evaM nitya hai| vyAkhyA-jisameM jJAna samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai use AtmA kahate haiN| kAla aura dizA meM jJAna kramazaH kAlika evaM daizika sambandha se rahatA hai| ataH usameM ativyApti vAraNArtha samavAya sambandha kahA gyaa| 'sukhAdyAzrayaH' (sukhAdi guNoM kA Azraya ) bhI AtmA ko kahA jAtA hai, jo jJAnAdhikaraNa ke hI samAna hai| vastutaH / Izvara meM sukhAdi kA abhAva hone se yaha lakSaNa kevala jIvAtmA meM ghaTita hotA hai| isI taraha 'indriyAdyadhiSThAtA' bhI jIvAtmA kA hI svarUpa hai kyoMki Izvara kI indriyA~ nahIM haiN| vaha AtmA do /
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________________ 28 ] / tarkasaMgrahaH prakAra kA hai-paramAtmA ( Izvara ) aura jiivaatmaa| paramAtmA sarvajJa hai aura jIvAtmA alpjny| paramAtmA eka hai aura jIvAtmA zarIra bheda se aneka / jIvAtmA ko jIva aura prANI bhI kahA jAtA hai| jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA donoM nitya aura vyApaka haiN|, ___ amUrta hone ke kAraNa AtmA anumeya hai, jaise--karaNabyApAraH makartRkaH, karaNabyApAratvAt, chidikriyAyAM vAsyAdivyApAravat' / indriyoM ke vyApAra kA koI kartA honA cAhie kyoMki pratyeka karaNa kA koI kartA hotA hai, jisa prakAra chedana kriyA meM 'prshu'| yaha vastuta: jIvAtmA kA sAdhaka anumAna prayoga hai / paramAtmA kA sAdhaka prayoga hogA-'kSityakurAdikArya sakattU kam, kAryatvAt, yadyatkArya tatkartR janyaM, yathA ghaTa:' jaise ghaTa kArya kA kumbhakAra Adi kartA dekhA jAtA hai usI prakAra saMsArarUpa kArya (saSTi ) kA kartA paramAtmA hai| AtmA kA sAdhaka anya anumAna prayoga hogA-'buddhadhAdayaH pRthivyAdyaSTadravyAtiriktadravyAzritAH, pRthivyAdyaSTadravyAnAzritatve sati guNatvAt, yannaivaM tannaivaM, yathA rUpAdayaH' buddhi Adi ATha guNoM kA koI adhikaraNa honA cAhie aura vaha adhikaraNa pRthivI Adi jar3a padArtha nahIM ho sakate haiM, ataH unake adhikaraNarUpa AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| indriyAdi AtmA nahIM haiN| AkAza, kAla, dizA aura AtmA ina cAra abhUta padArthoM meM Atmatva hI jAti hai, AkAzasvAdi nahIM ( kyoMki AkAzAdi eka-eka dravya haiN)| isa Atmatva jAti ko naiyAyika jJAna gaNa ke AdhAra para jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA donoM meM mAnate haiN| kucha logoM kA vicAra hai ki kaNAda ke lie Atmatva jAti se kevala jIvAtmA abhipreta thaa| paravartI TIkAkAroM ne usameM paramAtmA ko bhI jor3a diyaa| kaNAda aura gautama ne kahIM bhI paramAtmA kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| Atmatva-siddhi meM jo bhI tarka die haiM ve saba jIvAtmA ke sAdhaka haiN| Izvara ko naiyAyika mAnate to haiM parantu usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM eka mata nahIM haiN| kucha Izvara ko sazarIrI mAnate haiM aura kucha ashriirii| manasaH lakSaNam ] [29 AtmA meM 14 guNa mAne jAte haiN| AtmA kI vyApakatA ke saMdarbha meM naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi AtmA aNurUpa hogA to sampUrNa zarIra meM sukhAdi kA anubhava nahIM hogA, yadi jainoM kI taraha zarIraparimANa mAneMge to anityatA hogI, ataH vyApaka mAnanA hI ucita hai| isa para yadi koI kahe ki taba to sabake sukha-duHkhoM kA anubhava' . pratyeka ko honA cAhie to naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA svayaM anubhava nahIM karatA apitu mana kI sahAyatA se anubhava karatA hai aura pratizarIra meM mana pRthak-pRthak hai| paramAtmA eka hai| jIva zarIrabheda se aneka haiN| jIva punaH do prakAra ke haiM--baddha ( saMsArI) aura mukta / mukta jIva azarIrI haiM aura sukha-duHkha se rahita haiM / baddha jIva sazarIrI haiM aura sukha-duHkha ko bhogate haiN| [manasaH kiM lakSaNaM, katividhaM ca tat ] sukhAdyupa-- labdhisAdhanamindriyaM mnH| tacca pratyAtmaniyatatvAdanantaM parabhANurUpaM nityazca / [iti dravyalakSaNaprakaraNam ] anuvAda-[ mana kA kyA svarUpa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra hai ? 1 sukha Adi (du:kha Adi) ke jJAna (upalabdhi ) kI sAdhanabhUta . indriya ko mana (antaHkaraNa) kahate haiN| vaha mana pratyeka jIvAtmA ke sAtha niyata ( bhinna-bhinna ) hone ke kAraNa ananta saMkhyA vAlA hai, sAtha hI vaha paramANurUpa (paramANu-parimANa vAlA) hai tathA nitya hai| dravyalakSaNaprakaraNa samApta] vyAkhyA-'maiM sukhI hU~', 'maiM du:khI hU~' ityAdi pratyakSAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ke prati hetubhUta indriya hai 'mana' / lakSaNa meM sukhAdi kA artha hai-AtmA meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAle samasta guNa / upalabdhi kA artha hai-mana bAhya indriyoM kI taraha kevala bAhya viSayoM kA sAdhana nahIM hai apitu sAkSAt Antarika jJAna kA bhI sAdhana hai| 'indriya' zabda kA prayoga saMbhavataH mana ko indriya na mAnane vAloM ke khaNDanArtha kiyA gayA ho / 'mana' eka antarindriya hai| pratyeka AtmA ke sAtha kA.
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________________ 30] [ tarkasaMgrahaH rUpalakSaNam ] [31 pRthak-pRthak mana sambaddha hai| mana ko parimANa kI dRSTi se aNa- bhedAtsaptavidham / pRthivIjalatejovRtti / tatra pRthivyAM saptaparimANa vAlA mAnA gayA hai / aNuparimANa vAlA hone se nitya bhI vidham / abhAsvarazuklaM jale / bhAsvarazuklaM tejasi / / hai| mana se hone vAle pratyakSAtmaka jJAna ko mAnasika pratyakSa kahA ___anuvAda -[1. rUpa kA kyA svarUpa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kA jAtA hai| mana ko mImAMsaka vyApaka mAnate haiM kyoMki vaha kAla hai ? ] kevala cakSa indriya se grahaNa kie jAne vAle guNa ko 'rUpa' kI taraha vizeSaguNa se zUnya hai| naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi mana kahate haiN| zukla ( sapheda ), nIla ( kAlA), pIta (pIlA ), rakta ko vyApaka mAnA jAyegA to sarvavyApaka AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM (lAla), harita (harA), kapiza ( kAlA aura pIlA) aura citra hogA aura saMyoga ke abhAva meM jJAna nahIM hogaa| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra (citakabarA ) ke bheda se vaha rUpa sAta prakAra kA hai| vaha rUpa guNa do vyApaka padArthoM kA saMyoga nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI yadi kathaJcit pRthivI, jala aura teja dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| unameM pRthivI meM saMyoga nAna bhI liyA jAe to nitya-saMyoga hone se nidrA meM bhI jJAna sAtoM prakAra kA rUpa pAyA jAtA hai| jala meM abhAsvara ( na camakane hotA rhegaa| nyAyazAstra ke anusAra mana ke aNarUpa hone se nidrA vAlA) zukla rUpa tathA teja meM bhAsvara (camakIlA evaM prakAzaka) zukla ke samaya vaha hRdaya kI nikaTastha purItat nAr3I meM calA jAtA hai aura rUpa pAyA jAtA hai| taba usakA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga na hone se jJAnAdi nahIM hote| vyAkhyA-jisa guNa kA pratyakSa kevala cakSu indriya se hotA hai kizca, do jJAna yugapat nahIM hote apitu kramazaH hote haiN| ANavika use rUpa kahate haiN| yahA~ lakSaNa meM prazastapAdabhApya ke lakSaNa tatra padArtha se eka sAtha do padArthoM kA sannikarSa nahIM ho sakatA, ataH mana rUpaM cakSurgAhyam' meM do pada jor3e gaye haiM-'mAtra' aura 'guNa' / 'mAtra' aNurUpa hai| naiyAyikoM ke isa siddhAnta ke virodha meM bhI kaI tarka zabda na dene para saMkhyA, parimANa, saMyoga Adi guNoM meM ativyApti die jAte haiN| AdhunikazarIra vijJAna se isa siddhAnta kI puSTi nahIM ho jAtI kyoMki inakA pratyakSa cakSa ke alAvA tvacA se bhI hotA hotI hai| mana ke aNurUpa hone se vaha anumeya hai, jaise-'sukhAdi hai| 'guNa' zabda na dene para 'rUpatva' jAti meM ativyApti ho jAtI sAkSAtkAraH karaNasAdhyaH, janyasAkSAtkAratvAccAkSuSasAkSAtkAra kyoMki usakA pratyakSa mAtra cakSu se hotA hai| isa taraha mAtra aura vata / ' athavA AtmendriyArthasannikarSe jJAnasya bhAvo'bhAvazca manaso guNa pada dene se lakSaNa doSarahita hai| yahIM yadi koI kahe ki paramANaliGgam / ' (AtmendriyArtha-sannikarSa hone para kabhI to jJAna hotA hai gata rUpa kA pratyakSa cakSu se nahIM hotA hai, ataH lakSaNa meM avyApti aura kabhI nahIM, ataH mana kI sattA siddha hotI hai)| 'sparzarahitatve / doSa hai| isake uttara meM nyAyabodhinIkAra ne prakArAntara se rUpa rAti kriyAvasvam' bhI mana kI paribhASA dI gaI hai, parantu isase / / 'I' kA lakSaNa kiyA hai.--'tvagagrAhya-cakSAhya guNavibhAjakajAtimattvam' mana kA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM hotA hai, zAstrIya dRSTi se yaha paribhASA - arthAt tvam indriya se agrAhya hote hae cakSAhmagUNatyavyApyajAti avazya nirduSTa kahI jA sakatI hai| (rUpatva ) vAlA jo ho, vahI rUpa hai| mapatva jAti aisI hai jo kevala [dravyalakSaNaprakaraNa samApta ] rUpa meM rahatI hai aura vaha rUpatvajAti paramANuoM meM bhI rahatI hai| isa 3. guNalakSaNa prakaraNam taraha koI doSa nahIM hai| [1. rUpasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhaM ca tat ? ] cakSurmAtra rUpa ke pratyakSa ke lie cAra bAteM honA jarUrI haiM-(1) grAgho guNo rUpam / tacca zuklanIlapItaraktaharitakapizacitra- mahatparimANa (paramANuoM meM isakA abhAva hone se unake rUpa kA
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________________ 32 ] [tarkasaMgrahaH rasa-gandhalakSaNe ] [33 pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai), (2) udbhUtatva (cakSu kI zubalatA meM lavaNa ( namakIna), kaTu ( kaDuA), kaSAya (kaSailA, aura tikta udbhUtarUpatA kA abhAva hone se pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai), (3) / caraparA) ke bheda se chaH prakAra kA hai| vaha rasa pRthvI aura jala meM anabhibhUtatva ( agni kI zuklatA pArthiva tattvoM se abhibhUta hone pAyA jAtA hai| unameM (pRthvI ke madhya aura jala meM) pRthivI meM se pratyakSa nahIM hai ) aura (4) rUpatva ( rasAdi meM rUpatva jAti nahIM chahoM prakAra kA aura jala meM kevala madhura hI rasa pAyA jAtA hai| hai, ataH cakSu se unakA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai)| [jala meM amla Adi rasoM kI pratIti upAdhibheda = pRthvI ke nyAyadarzana meM rUpa ke sAta bhedoM meM antima citra rUpa kI savizeSa paramANuoM ke sammizraNa se dekhI jAtI hai|] ' siddhi kI jAtI hai| yaha cha: rUpoM kA mizraNa mAtra nahIM hai, ' ____ vyAkhyA - jihvA se jisa guNa ko jAnA jAtA hai, vaha rasa apitu svatantra rUpa hai| unakA kahanA hai ki rUpa vyApyavRtti (pUre / kahalAtA hai| yahA~ guNa pada rasatva jAti meM ativyApti ke vAraNArtha bhAga meM rahane vAlA ) dharma hai| ataH eka hI padArtha meM aneka rUpa eka hai| jihvA se saMkhyA Adi kA bodha na hone se mAtra pada kI AvazyasAtha nahIM raha sakate haiN| ataH citra rUpa vAle paTa ke eka-eka aMza " |. katA nahIM hai| paramANagata rasa meM avyApti vAraNArtha pUrvavat jAti ke rUpa-jJAna se samasta paTa ke rUpa kA jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ghaTita lakSaNa hogA---'rasanAgrAhyaguNatvadhyApyadharmavattvam citra rUpa ataH tadgata citra rUpa ke jJAna ke lie citra rUpa ko pRthak mAnanA kI taraha citrarasa nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki jihvA kramazaH hI rakhoM Avazyaka hai| naiyAyikoM ke siddhAntAnusAra apane aMzoM se pRthak ko jAnatI hai, yugapat nhiiN| kiJca, jihvA rasa mAtra kI grAhaka hone samudAya kI koI sattA nahIM hotI hai| se rasavAn dravya kI apratyakSatA kA prazna upasthita nahIM hotaa| ataH ye sabhI rUpa pathivI meM pAye jAte haiN| jala meM kevala aprakAzaka / jihvA avayava ke rasa kA hI grahaNa karAke caritArtha ho jAtI hai| rata (abhAsvara) zukla rUpa hai aura teja meM kevala prakAzaka (bhAsvara) pRthivI aura jala meM pAyA hai| pRthivI meM chahoM rasa haiM aura jala zukla rUpa hai| anyatra rUpa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM kevala madhura rasa / nIbU ke rasa meM jo amla rasa haiM vaha parthiva aMza ke anusAra kevala teja (prakAza) meM hI svatantra rUpa mAnA jAtA hai, ... kA hI hai| pRthivyAdi meM koI svatantra rUpa nhiiN| . [3. gandhasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhavasaH ? ] ghrANagrAhyo [2. rasasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhazca sa:1] rasanA- guNo gandhaH / sa dvividhaH-surabhirasurabhizca / pRthiviimaatrvRttiH| grAhyo guNo rasaH / sa ca madhurAmla-lavaNakaTukaSAyatiktabhedAt / ____ anuvAba-[3. gandha kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura usake kitane bheda pvidhH| pRthivIjala vRttiH| tatra pRthivyAM SaDavidhaH / jale haiM ? ] ghrANendriya (nAsikA) se grahaNa kie jAne vAle guNa ko 'gandha' kahate haiN| vaha gandha guNa do prakAra kA hai-(1) surabhi madhura eva / (sugandha , aura asurabhi ( durgandha ) / gandha guNa kevala pRthivI meM hI anuvAda-[2. rasa kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra pAyA jAtA hai| kA hai ? ]--rasanA indriya ( jihvA) se grahaNa kie jAne vAle guNa vyAkhyA-nAsikA se gRhIta guNa kA nAma hai 'gndh'| isakI ko 'rasa' kahate haiN| vaha rasa guNa madhura ( mIThA ), amla (khaTTA), vyAkhyA rasa ke samAna samajhanA cAhie kyoMki rasanA aura ghrANa
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________________ 34 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH kevala apane-apane guNa evaM tadgata jAti ko hI grahaNa karatI haiN| gandha kevala pRthivI meM hai| gulAbajala Adi kI gandha pRthivI kI gandha hai, jala kI nhiiN| [4. sparzasya kiM lakSaNaM, ke ca bhedAH 1 ] tvagindriyamAtragrAhyo guNaH sparzaH / sa ca trividhaH-zItoSNAnuSNAzIta bhedAt / pRthivyaptejovAyuvRttiH / tatra zIto jale / uSNaste- ' jasi / anuSNAzItaH pRthivIbAyoH / sparzaH rUpAdicatuSTayaM ca ] [ 35 [rUpAdicatuSTayaM kutra pAkajamapAkajaM vA kutra?] rUpAdicatuSTayaM pRthivyAM pAkajamanityaM ca / anyatrA'pAka nityamanityaM ca / nityagataM nityam / anityagatamanityam / ___anuvAda-[rUpAdi cAra guNa kahA~ pAkaja haiM aura kahA~ apAkaja pAkaja (teja ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAle ) haiM tathA anitya haiN| anyatra (pRthivI se bhinna jala, teja aura vAyu meM) apAkaja haiM (arthAt jala meM rUpa, rasa aura sparza, teja meM rUpa aura sparza tathA vAyu meM sparza guNa zvavAkaja hai) tathA nitya aura anitya haiM / nitya. gata ( jala Adi ke paramANuoM meM rahane vAle ) rUpAdi nitya haiM tathA anityagata (dvaghaNukAdi meM rahane vAle ) rUpAdi anitya haiN| ___ anuvAda-[ 4. sparza kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM?]-tvagindriya (nvacA) mAtra se grahaNa kie jAne vAle guNa ko 'sparza' kahate haiN| zIta (ThaMDA ), uSNa (garma ) aura anuSNAzIta (na adhika ThaMDA na adhika garma) ke bheda se vaha sparza guNa tIna prakAra kA hai| pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu meM sparza guNa pAyA jAtA hai| unameM jala meM zIta sparza, teja meM uSNasparza, pRthivI aura vAyu meM anuSNAzIta sparza pAyA jAtA hai| ___vyAkhyA-jisa guNa kA pratyakSa mAtra tvacA indriya se hotA hai . use sparza guNa kahate haiN| yahA~ 'mAtra' pada kA grahaNa saMkhyAdi ke vAraNArtha hai tathA 'guNa' pada kA grahaNa sparzatva jAti ke vAraNArtha kiyA gayA hai| jAti-ghaTita lakSaNa karane para paramANu meM avyApti nahIM hogI- 'ckssrgraahytvggraahygnntvvyaapydhrmvttvm'| jo loga vAyu kA spArzana pratyakSa mAnate haiM unakA bhI jAtighaTita lakSaNa se nirAkaraNa ho jaayegaa| cakSaragrAhya kahane se saMyogatva Adi jAtiyoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jaayegaa| sparza tIna prakAra hai-zItala, uSNa aura anussnnaashiit| uSNasparza teja meM, zItalasparza jala meM aura anuSNAzIta sparza pRthivI tathA vAyu meM hai| anuSNAzIta sparga pRthivI kA pAkaja hai aura vAyu kA apAkaja / citra sparza nahIM hotA hai| arthAt rUpAdi 4 guNoM kA parivartana jaba teja ke saMyoga se hotA hai to use pAkaja kahate haiM aura jaba binA teja ke saMyoga ke svAbhAvikarUpa se rUpAdi kA parivartana hotA hai to use apAkaja kahate haiN| pRthivI meM rUpAdi kA parivartana teja ke maMyoga se hotA hai, ataH pRthivIgata rUpAdicatuSTaya ko pAkaja kahA hai| pAkaja hone se anitya mAnA hai athavA anitya, spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| saMbhavataH ve anitya hI mAnanA cAhate haiN| jalAdigata rUpAdi ke parivartana ko apAkaja mAnA hai kyoMki jalAdi ko aneka bAra kyoM na tapAyA jAe unake rUpAdi meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai| tapAye gaye jalAdi meM jo uSNatA dekhI jAtI hai vaha aupAdhika hai kyoMki usameM teja ke paramANuoM kA sammizraNa ho gayA hai| jalAdi ke paramANagata rUpAdi nitya haiM aura dvaghaNukAdi ke rUpAdi anitya haiN| pRthivI ke rUpAdi kI parAvRtti rUpa pAka ke sandarbha meM do mata pracalita haiM
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH (1) vaizeSikoM kA pIlupAka (paramANupAka)-vaizeSikoM ke anusAra avayavI se Dhake hue avayavoM meM rUpAntara kI prApti binA avayavI ke naSTa hue nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH jaba zyAma ghaTa (kaccA ghar3A) ko agni-saMyoga se pakAyA jAtA hai to avayavIrUpa ghaTa kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura vaha ghaTa paramANuoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai pazcAt agni ke saMyoga se una paramANuoM ke rUpAdi meM parivartanarUpa pAka hotA hai pazcAt ve sabhI paramANa dvaSaNukAdikrama se punaH ghaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| isa prakriyA meM vibhinna matoM ke anusAra 5, 9, 10, 11 pala kA samaya lagatA hai| isa mata meM pRthivI ke paramANuoM kI gandha bhI anitya hai| (2) naiyAyikoM kA piTharapAka (avayavI-pAka )-naiyAyikoM ke anusAra dvaghaNukAdi avayavI meM bhI pAka hotA hai| unakA kathana hai ki avayavI ghaTa Adi meM sUkSma chidra hote haiM jinameM agni ke sUkSma avayava praviSTa ho jAte haiM aura taba avayavI se lekara paramANuparyanta avayavoM meM eka sAtha rUpAntaraprApti ho jAtI hai| isa prakriyA meM avayavI ghaTAdi ke nAza kI jarUrata nahIM par3atI hai| isa mata meM kalpanA-gaurava kA abhAva hai tathA vyavahArikatA bhI hai| isa saMdarbha meM kArikAvalI meM kahA hai eteSAM pAkajatvaM tu kSitau nAnyatra kutracit / tatrApi paramANau syAtpAko vaizeSike naye / / 105 // naiyAyikAnAM tu naye dvaSaNukAdAvapIpyate / [5. saMkhyAyAH kiM lakSaNaM, kutra ca sA vartate ? ] ekatvAdivyavahArahetuH sNkhyaa| sA nvdrvyvRttiH| ektvaadipraardhpryntaa| ekatvaM nityamanityaM ca / nityagataM nityam / anityagatamanityam / dvittvAdikaM tu sarvatrA'nityameva / ___ anuvAba-[5. saMkhyA kA lakSaNa kyA hai aura vaha kahA~ rahatI hai? ] ekatva Adi (eka, do, tIna Adi ) vyavahAra ke hetubhUta saMkhyAlakSaNam ] [ 37 guNa ko saMkhyA kahate haiN| vaha saMkhyA pRthivI Adi sabhI navoM dravyoM meM rahatI hai tathA vaha ektv| eka) se lekara parArdha taka hai| ekatva saMkhyA nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai| nityagata (pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke paramANa tathA AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ina nityapadArthoM meM rahane vAlI) ekatva saMkhyA nitya hai tathA anityagata (kAryarUpa anitya padArthoM meM rahane vAlI ) ekatva saMkhyA anitya hai| dvitva Adi do, tIna Adi) saMkhyA sarvatra (cAhe nitya dravyagata ho athavA anitya dravyagata) anitya hI hai| ___vyAkhyA-'yaha eka hai', 'ye do haiM' ityAdi jJAna ke prati asAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa hone vAlA guNa hai-'sNkhyaa'| yahA~ AkAzAdi meM ativyApti vAraNArtha hetu zabda kA artha asAdhAraNanimittakAraNa samajhanA caahie| saMkhyA kI gaNanA 10 sAmAnya gaNoM meM kI jAtI hai| saMkhyA eka se lekara parArdha ( eka lAkha eka lAkha eka karor3a) taka hotI hai| zaMkara mizra ne 'bahutva' ko bhI saMkhyA mAnA hai / ekatva aNuoM meM tathA AkAzAdi nitya dravyoM meM nityarUpa se rahatA hai tathA ghaTAdi kAryoM meM anitya ekatva rahatA hai| dvitvAdi saMkhyAyeM caNakAdi kAryoM meM rahatI haiM tathA ve anitya hI hotI haiN| lakar3I kA eka Tukar3A jaba taka TTA nahIM hai taba taka usameM ekatva hai parantu TUTane para usameM dvitvAdi saMkhyAyeM ho jAtI haiN| ataH usakA ekatva tathA dvitvAdi anitya hai, buddhisApekSa hai| annambhaTTa enaM vaizeSikoM ke matAnusAra dvitva kevala apekSAbuddhi ke dvArA jJApya hI nahIM hai apitu janya bhI hai| apekSAbuddhi kA artha hai-'anekaikatvabuddhiryA sA'pekSAbuddhirucyate' jaba do dravya sAmane hote haiM taba donoM meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se ekatva rahatA hai parantu jaba una do ikAiyoM kA jJAna hameM eka ikAI ke rUpa meM hotA hai to use dvittva kahate haiN| dvittvajJAna ke bAda apekSAbuddhi samApta ho jAtI hai| paravartI naiyAyika saMkhyA ko padArthAntara mAnate haiM. guNa nahIM kyoMki guNa meM guNa kaise rahegA? isa saMdarbha kA vicAra pahale kiyA jA cukA hai|
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________________ parimANa-saMyogalakSaNe ] 38] [ 39 [ tarkasaMgrahaH 6. parimANasya kiM lakSaNaM, ke ca tasya bhedAH ?] mAnavyavahArAsAdhAraNaM kAraNaM parimANam / navadravya vRtti / taccaturvidham-aNu mahaddI hasvaM ceti / ____ anuvAda [ 6. parimANa kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura usake bheda kauna haiM ? -mApa (mAna-eka gaja, do gaja, eka kilo, do kilo Adi nApane aura taulane ) ke vyavahAra ke asAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa (pradhAna kAraNa) ko parimANa guNa kahate haiN| vaha sabhI navoM dravyoM meM rahatA hai| aNu (sUkSma), mahat ( bar3A ), dIrgha (lambA) aura hrasva (nATA) ke bheda se vaha cAra prakAra kA hai| vyAkhyA-yaha vastu itanI hai, yahA~ se yahA~ taka hai, choTI hai, bar3I hai ityAdi vyavahAra ke prati jo asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai vaha parimANa hai| sUtra meM aNu Adi bhedavAcaka dharmI zabda dharma artha (bhAva pradhAna artha) meM prayukta haiN| ataH aNu Adi se kramazaH tAtparya hai-aNutva, mahattva, dIrghatva aura hrasvatva / ye cAroM prakAra parama aura madhyama ke bheda se do-do prakAra ke hai| paramANu sabase adhika sUkSma hai aura usakI sUkSmatA ko pArimANDalya kahate haiN| ataH yaha parama aNu kA udAharaNa hai| dvaghaNuka madhyamANu hai| AkAza parama mahattva (vibhutva) hai| samasta dRzya padArtha madhyama mahattva haiN| kucha loga hrasvatva aura dIrghatva ko kramazaH aNutva tathA mahattva ke hI antargata mAnate haiM parantu donoM pRthaka haiM kyoMki aNatva aura mahattva se usake ghanaphala kA bodha . hotA hai jise hama kilo Adi meM nApate haiN| dIrghatva aura hrasvatva ko hama mITara Adi se nApate haiN| vastutaH ye sabhI zabdasApekSa haiN| parimANa bhI nitya aura anitya hai| pArimANDalya aura vibhutva parimANa nitya haiM zeSa do anitya / [7. pRthaktvasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] pRthagvyavahArAsAdhAraNakAraNaM pRthaktvam / srvdrvyvRtti| anuvAda [7. pRthaktva kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ]-pRthak ( yaha ghaTa usa paTa se bhinna hai ityAdi ) vyavahAra ke asAdhAraNa (pradhAna) nimittakAraNa ko pRthaktva kahate haiN| pRthaktva sabhI navoM dravyoM meM rahatA hai| vyAkhyA-'ye donoM pRthak = alaga haiM' ityAdi vyavahAra (kisI padArtha ko anya padArthoM se pRthak rUpa se jAnanA ) jisa guNa ke Azraya se hotA hai vahI pRthaktva guNa hai| anyonyAbhAva se pRthaktva guNa bhinna hai / 'ghaTaH paTo na' yaha anyonyAbhAva hai aura 'paTAd ghaTa: pRthak' yaha pRthaktva hai| isa taraha pRthaktva se (ghaTa se paTa kI pRthak ' vizeSa sattA kA bodha hotA hai, abhAva kA nhiiN| pRthaktva do padArthoM kI vastuniSTha pRthakatA ko batalAtA hai jabaki anyonyAbhAva unake eka hI svabhAva na hone ko prakaTa karatA hai| yaha pRthaktva guNa sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hai| saMkhyA-bheda ke samAna yaha ekapRthaktva se lekara parArdhapRthaktva paryanta hotA hai| [8. saMyogasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] saMyuktavyavahArahetu: saMyogaH / srvdrvyvRttiH| / ___ anuvAda-[8. saMyoga kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? 1 saMyukta ( yaha padArtha isase milA huA hai athavA ye donoM padArtha sammilita haiM ityAdi) vyavahAra ke [asAdhAraNa nimitta ] kAraNa ko saMyoga guNa kahate haiN| yaha sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hai| vyAkhyA-una do padArthoM ke milane ko saMyoga kahate haiM jo kabhI alaga-alaga the ('aprAptayostu yA prAptiH saiva saMyoga IritaH / ' kArikAvalI 115) / isase yaha siddha hai ki do vyApaka dravyoM ke eka sAtha rahane para bhI unameM saMyoga nahIM mAnA gayA hai| saMyoga hamezA anitya aura kRtrima hotA hai| yaha saMyoga do prakAra kA hai-karmaja-saMyoga aura sNyogj-sNyog| jaise-hAtha kI kriyA ( karma ) karane para jo hAtha aura pustaka kA saMyoga hai vaha karmaja
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________________ 40 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vibhAga-paratvA'paratvalakSaNAni ] [ 41 saMyoga hai tathA hAtha kA pustaka se saMyoga hone para vinA kucha kie zarIra se pustaka kA saMyoga honA saMyogaja-saMyoga (eka se saMyukta hone para dUsare se bhI binA kriyA ke saMyukta ho jAnA) hai| nyAyadarzana avayava aura avayavI meM bheda mAnatA hai| avayava hotA hai kAraNa aura avayavI hotA hai kArya / ataH saMyogaja-saMyoga ko karmajasaMyoga nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rahe ki saMyoga avyApyavRtti (apane samasta Azraya ko vyApta karake na rahane vAlA ) hotA hai arthAt eka hI adhikaraNa meM pradeza-bheda se saMyoga aura usakA abhAva donoM hI rahate haiN| jaise vRkSa kI eka zAkhA para kapi ( bandara ) baiThA hai to kapi kA vRkSa kI usa zAkhA se to saMyoga hai parantu vRkSa ke mUla bhAga se saMyoga nahIM hai, apitu saMyogAbhAva hai| isa taraha zAkhAvacchedena kapisaMyoga kA honA aura mUlAvacchedena kapisaMyogAbhAva kA honA hI saMyoga kI avyApyavRttitA hai| tarkasaMgraha kI kucha pratiyoM meM saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva aura saMyoga kI paribhASA meM 'asAdhAraNa' pada diyA hai, kucha meM nhiiN| maiMne sukhabodhArtha denA ucita samajhA hai| [9. vibhAgasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] saMyoganAzako guNo / vibhAgaH / srvdrvyvRttiH| karatI hai| isa taraha vibhAga saMyoganAza kA kAraNa hai, svayaM saMyoganAza nhiiN| vibhAga vibhAjana-kriyA bhI nahIM hai apitu vibhAjanakriyA ke turanta bAda phalita hone vAlA guNa hai| jaba hama pustaka ko Tebula se haTAkara kursI para rakhate haiM to prathamataH vibhAjana-kriyA hotI hai, tadanantara vibhAga, pazcAt pUrvadeza ( Tebula ) saMyoganAza, anantara aparadeza (kursI) saMyoga / vibhAga unameM nahIM mAnA jAyegA jinakA kabhI saMyoga nahIM huA hai| naiyAyika vibhAgaja-vibhAga ko nahIM mAnate jabaki vaizeSika saMyoga kI taraha vibhAgaja vibhAga bhI mAnate haiN| saMyoga kA vyAptighaTita lakSaNa hogA-'saMyoganAzakatve sati guNatvam' / isa taraha AkAza, kAlAdi meM tathA IzvarecchA meM ativyApti nahIM hogii| [10-11. paratvA'paratvayoH kiM lakSaNaM, ke ca bhedAH ?] parA'paravyavahArA'sAdhAraNakAraNe paratvA'paratve / pRthivyAdicatuSTayamanovRttinI / te ca dvividhe-dikkRte kAlakRte veti / dUrasthe dikkRtaM paratvam / samIpasthe dikkRtamaparatvam / jyeSThe kAlakRtaM paratvam / kaniSThe kAlakRtamaparatvam / anuvAda-[10-11. paratva-aparatva ke kyA lakSaNa haiM aura unake bheda kauna haiM ? ] para ( yaha isase dUra hai athavA jyeSTha hai ) aura apara ( yaha isake nikaTa hai athavA isase kaniSTha hai ) vyavahAra ke asAdhAraNa kAraNoM ko kramazaH paratva aura aparatva guNa kahA jAtA hai| ye donoM / paratvAparatva) pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyU tathA mana meM rahate haiN| ye donoM dizAkRta aura kAlakRta ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiM ( dikkRta-paratva, dikkRta-aparatva, kAlakRta-paratva aura kAlakRtaaparatva ) / dUrastha padArthoM meM dikkRta paratva hai, samIpastha padArthoM meM dikkRta-aparatva hai, jyeSTha meM kAlakRta-paratva hai aura kaniSTha (choTe) meM kAlakRta-aparatva hai| . . anuvAda-[9. vibhAga kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] saMyoga ke nAzaka { paraspara mile hue padArthoM ke alaga-alaga hone para saMyoga kA nAza . hotA hai, usa saMyoga ko naSTa karane vAle ) guNa ko vibhAga kahate haiN| vaha vibhAga sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hai| vyAkhyA-jisa guNa se saMyoga kA nAza hotA hai vaha vibhAga guNa sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hai| yaha vibhAga guNa saMyoga kA abhAva hI nahIM hai, apitu eka vAstavika sattA hai jo saMyoga ko samApta
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________________ gurutva-dravatva-sneha-zabdalakSaNAni ] [43 42] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vyAkhyA-paratvAparatva ko dUrI aura nikaTatA zabdoM se kahA jA sakatA hai| ye donoM mUrta dravyoM ke dikkRta aura kAlakRta sambandha haiM jinheM unake guNa ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| kAlika paratvAparatva mana meM nahIM rahatA hai kyoMki mana ko nitya mAnA hai, ataH kAlakRta jyeSThatA evaM kaniSThatA saMbhava nahIM hai / zeSa cAra pRthivyAdi anitya mUrta dravyoM meM daizika evaM kAlika paratvAparatva hai| ye paratvAparatva saMyogAdi kI taraha apekSAbuddhijanya ( sApekSa ) haiN| ataH eka hI / / dravya meM apekSAvuddhi se paratvAparatva donoM raha sakate haiN| [12. gurutvasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] AdyapatanAsamavAyikAraNaM gurutvam / pRthivIjalavRtti / anuvAda-[12. gurutva kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] prathama patana (girane) kA asamavAyikAraNabhUta jo guNa hai vaha hai gurutva (bhaariipn)| vaha pRthivI aura jala meM rahatA hai| vyAkhyA lakSaNa meM yadi 'Adya' pada na dete to vega meM ativyApti hotI kyoMki dvitIya Adi patana meM 'vega' asamavAyikAraNa hotA hai| Adyapatana ke kAraNa daNDAdi meM ativyAptivAraNa ke lie asamavAyipada diyA hai kyoMki daNDa dravya hone se samavAyikaraNa hai| rUpa Adi asamavAyikAraNa meM ativyApti rokane ke lie 'patana' pada / / diyA hai| pUrvavat gurutva kA pUrNa lakSaNa hogA-'AdyapatanA'samavAyikAraNatve sati guNatva gurutvam / ' gurutva atIndriya hai / tarAjU ke namana tathA unnamana se gurutva kA anumAna hotA hai| [13. dravatvasya ki lakSaNaM, ke ca bhedAH 1 ] AdyasyandanA'samavAyikAraNaM dravatvam / pRthivyaptejovRtti / tad dvividhaM-sAMsiddhika naimittikaM ca / sAMsiddhikaM jale, naimittikaM pRthivItejasoH / pRthivyAM ghRtAdAvagnisaMyogajaM dravatvaM, tejasi suvrnnaadau| anuvAda-[13. dravatva kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura usake kitane bheda haiM ? ] Adyasyandana ( bahanA yA TabakanA) kA asamavAyikAraNa dravatva hai| vaha pRthivI, jala aura teja meM rahatA hai| vaha dravatva do prakAra kA hai-sAMsiddhika (svAbhAvika ) aura naimittika (agni Adi teja ke saMyoga se hone vaalaa)| sAMsiddhika dravatva jala meM hai| naimittika dravatva pRthivI aura teja meM hai|.paarthiv ghI Adi ( moma a di) meM tathA taijasa suvarNAdi ( rajata Adi) meM agni ke saMyoga se naimittikadravatva hai| vyAkhyA-gurutva ke samAna isakA bhI pUrNa lakSaNa hogA 'AdyasyandanA'samavAyikAraNatve sati guNatvam dravatvam' / 'Adya' pada beda' maiM ativyAptivAraNa ke lie hai| dvitIya tathA parabartI syandanakriyAoM ke prati vega ko asamavAyikAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, gurutva ko nhiiN| patana Thosa padArthoM kA hotA hai aura syandana tarala padArthoM kaa| [14. snehasya kiM lakSaNaM, kati vidhazca saH 1] cUrNAdipiNDIbhAvaheturgaNaH snehaH / jlmaatrvRttiH|| ___ anuvAda-[14. sneha kA kyA lakSaNa hai, aura vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] cUrNa Adi ke piNDIbhAva (ghaniSThatA saMyogavizeSa) meM nimittakAraNabhUta guNa ko sneha (cikanAhaTa ) kahate haiN| vaha kevala jala meM rahatA hai| vyAkhyA-jisa guNa se ATA Adi golI kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM use sneha kahate haiN| tela, dUdha tathA anya pArthiva padArthoM meM jo snigdhatA hai vaha jalIya tattva ke kAraNa hai| binA sneha ke mAne kevala dravatva se piNDIbhAva kA kArya nahIM hogA kyoMki pighale hue svarNa meM dravatva hone para bhI baha carNAdi ke piNDIbhAva ko nahIM karatA hai / ataH sneha kA mAnanA jarUrI hai| [15 zabdasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhazca saH?] zrotragrAhyo guNaH shbdH| aakaashmaatrvRttiH| sa dvividho dhvanyAtmako
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________________ 44 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH buddheH lakSaNam ] varNAtmakazca / tatra dhvanyAtmako bheryAdau / varNAtmakaH saMskRta- anuvAda-[16. buddhi kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kI hai?] saba prakAra ke vyavahAra meM jo guNa kAraNa hai vahI buddhi. bhaassaadiruupH| hai aura buddhi hI jJAna hai| vaha buddhi do prakAra kI hai-smRti aura anuvAda--[15. zabda kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra / anubhava / saMskAra mAtra se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna smRti hai tathA kA hai? ] zrotra (kAna) indriya se jisa guNa kA pratyakSa hotA hai smRti se bhinna zAna anubhava hai| use zabda kahate haiM / zabda kevala AkAza meM rahatA hai| vaha zabda do / prakAra kA hai--dhvanyAtmaka aura varNAtmaka / bherI Adi meM (nagAr3A | vyAkhyA-yahA~ buddhi zabda kA prayoga jJAna ke artha meM kiyA gayA ATi jAne se jo Baa jayaba hotA hai vaha dhvanyAtmaka zabda hai| hai| zAna kA sAdhana aNuparimANa mana ko mAnA gayA hai| jJAna AtmA kA vizeSa guNa hai| sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzana meM buddhi ko [ kaNThAdi se utpanna ] saMskRta bhASAdirUpa jo zabda (ka, kha Adi) haiM ve varNAtmaka haiN| mahat tatva ke antargata mAnA hai tathA ahaMkAra, antaHkaraNa Adi rUpoM vyAkhyA-'zrotragrAhyatve sati guNatvaM zabdatvam' yaha zabda gUNa kA * meM use vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM buddhi kI 'AtmAzrayalakSaNa hai| zabda ke anya tIna bheda bhI kie jAte haiM-(1).saMyogaja prakAza' Adi kaI paribhASAyeM milatI haiN| dIpikA kI paribhASA (nagADA aura daNDa ke saMyoga se utpanna zabda), (2) vibhAgaja hai-'jAnAmItyanuvyavasAyagamyajJAnatvam' arthAt 'maiM jAnatA hU~' isa (lakar3I bagairaha ke tor3ane se utpanna zabda) aura (3) zabdaja prakAra kA anuvyavasAyagamya jJAna hI buddhi hai| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra (prathamotpanna zabda se kramazaH utpanna hone vAle dvitIya-tRtIyAdi sabase pahale idriyArtha-sannikarSa hotA hai, phira nirvikalpaka jJAna shbd)| zabdaja zabda kA mAnanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki hama daravartI anantara viziSTa buddhi, pazcAt mAnasa pratyakSa / yaha mAnasa pratyakSa hI zabdoM ko suna lete haiN| zabdaja zabda kaise hamArI zrotrendriya taka Ate anuvyavasAya kahalAtA hai| jaise-'ghaTamahaM jAnAmi' (maiM ghar3e ko haiM isa sambandha meM do mata haiM-(1) vIcItaraMganyAya kA siddhAnta- jAnatA hU~) yA "ghaTajJAnavAnahamasmi' (maiM ghaTa jJAna vAlA hU~) yaha jala kI taraMgoM kI taraha zabda sIdhI rekhA meM dvitIyAdi zabdoM ko / ghaTajJAna viSayaka mAnasa pratyakSa anuvyavasAya hai| 'ayaM ghaTa:' ( yaha kramazaH utpanna karatA huA kAna taka pahu~catA hai| (2) kadamba- ghar3A hai) yaha ghaTatva-vizeSaNa-yukta ghaTajJAna vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna golakanyAya kA siddhAnta - jaise kadamba ke phUla kI paMkhur3iyAM cAroM hai| 'ghaTa ghaTatve' (ghaTa aura ghaTatva) yaha nirvikalpaka jJAna hai| ora phailatI haiM usI prakAra zabda bhI cAroM ora dvitIyAdi zabdoM : anuvyavasAya jJAna ke viSaya pUrvavartI vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna tathA tadgata ko utpanna karatA huA Age bar3hatA hai| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra kAna "jJAnatva ye donoM hote haiN| sAMkhya tathA vedAnta darzana meM 'ayaM ghaTa:' ko karNazakulyavacchinna AkAza hI hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra zabda anuvyavasAya kA gamya jJAna (viSaya) nahIM mAnA gayA hai apitu utpanna hone ke kAraNa anitya hai| anuvyavasAya ko hI jJAna mAnate haiN| [16. buddheH kiM lakSaNaM, katividhA ca sA ? ] sarvavyava jJAna prathamataH do prakAra kA hai-smRtyAtmaka aura anubhavAtmaka / hAraheturguNo buddhirjJAnam / sA dvividhA smRtiranubhavazca / bhAvanA nAmaka saMskAramAtrajanya jJAna smRti hai| smRti ke isa lakSaNa meM 'mAtra' pada pratyabhijJA ke vAraNArtha diyA jAe athavA nahIM isa saMskAra-mAtrajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH / tadbhinna jJAnamanubhavaH / viSaya meM vyAkhyAkAroM kA matabheda hai| tarkasaMgraha kI kucha pratiyoM meM.
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________________ 46 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH anubhava:] [ 47 'mAtra' zabda nahIM hai| lakSaNa meM 'mAtra' pada kA rahanA adhika ucita hai kyoMki pratyabhijJA (so'yaM devadattaH = yaha vahI devadatta hai) meM padArtha kI upasthiti Avazyaka hai jabaki smRti meM nhiiN| smRti meM sAmane sthita padArtha kevala udbodhaka hotA hai| isa taraha smRti bAhya indriyoM se utpanna na hokara bhAvanA nAmaka saMskAra se hotI hai| isakA lakSaNa hogA-'bahirindriyAjanyabhAvanAjanyajJAnatva' / anumiti Adi jJAna bhAvanA se utpanna nahIM hote haiN| smRti do prakAra kI hai-yathArthA- " | smRti (sacce jJAna se utpanna hone vAlI pramAtmaka smRti ) tathA ayathArthAsmRti (mithyAjJAna se utpanna hone vAlI apramAtmaka | smRti / smRti ke ina donoM bhedoM kA vicAra Age kiyA jaayegaa| ___ smRti se bhinna sabhI jJAnoM ko anubhava kahA gayA hai-'smRtibhinnatve sati jJAnatvam / nyAyadarzana ke anusAra ve sabhI jJAna jo purAtana jJAna kI AvRtti mAtra nahIM haiM, anubhava haiM / ye anubhava kabhI yathArtha (sahI) hote haiM aura kabhI ayathArtha ( mithyaa)| prazastapAda bhASya meM vRddhi ke bheda vidyA aura avidyA batalAye haiM | avidyA cAra prakAra kI hai-saMzaya, viparyaya, svapna aura anadhyavasAya / vidyA bhI cAra prakAra kI hai-indriyaja, anindriyaja, smRti tathA ArSa ( yogiprtykss)| [anubhavaH katividhaH 1 ] sa dvividhaH-yathArtho'yathArthazca / tadvati tatprakArako'nubhavo yathArthaH [ yathA rajate. 'idaM rajatam' iti jJAnam / sa eva ametyucyate / tadabhAvavati tatprakArako'nubhavo'yathArthaH [ yathA zukto 'idaM rajatam' iti jJAnam ] / saiva'prametyucyate / anuvAda-[ anubhava kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] vaha anubhava do prakAra kA hai-yathArthAnubhava ( saccA jJAna ) aura ayathArthAnubhava (mithyaajnyaan)| jo padArtha jaisA hai usameM usI prakAra kA anubhava honA yathArtha hai| jaise-cAMdI meM 'yaha cAMdI hai' aisA jJAna honA / vahI 'pramA' kahalAtI hai| jo padArtha jaisA na ho usameM vaisA jJAna honA ayathArtha (mithyAjJAna) hai| jaise-sIpa meM 'yaha cAMdI hai' aisA jnyaan| vyAkhyA-yathArthAnubhava ko pramA (saccA jJAna) aura ayathArthAnubhava ko apramA (mithyAjJAna) kahA jAtA hai| pramAtmaka jJAna pratyakSa, anumiti, upamiti aura zAbda ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai tathA apramAtmaka jJAna saMzaya, viparyaya aura tarka ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai / isakA vicAra Age kiyA jaayegaa| 'tadvati tatprakArako'nubhavaH pramA' isa lakSaNa meM vizeSya aura prakAra ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki jaba kisI ko viziSTa jJAna hotA hai to vaha vizeSya aura prakAra (vizeSaNa) donoM ko lekara hotA hai| vizeSaNarUpa se pratIyamAna ko 'prakAra' kahate haiM aura AzrayarUpa se pratIyamAna ko vizeSya kahate haiN| jaise-'ayaM ghaTa: isa jJAna meM 'ghaTa' hai vizeSya aura ghaTa meM rahane vAlA 'ghaTatva' dharma jo ghaTa ko paTAdi se pRthaka karatA hai, ghaTa kA prakAra hai| ata: 'ayaM ghaTa:' kA artha huA 'ghaTavizeSyakaghaTatvaprakAraka' jo ghaTa vizeSya vAlA hai aura ghaTatva prakAravAlA hai, vaha ghaTa jJAna / isa taraha 'tadvati tatprakArako'nubhavaH' kA artha hogA 'ghaTavizepyaka-ghaTatvaprakArako'nubhavaH' / ise hI sarala zabdoM meM kahA jAyegA . 'jo padArtha jaisA hai usakA usI rUpa meM jJAna pramA hai| sAMkhya evaM vedAnta meM 'anadhigatAbAdhitArthaviSayatvam' ( aise padArtha kA jJAna jisakA pahale jJAna nahIM huA hai, aura jo kabhI bAdhita nahIM hotA hai) pramA kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| 'anadhigata' pada se yahA~ smRti kA vAraNa kiyA gayA hai| 'tadabhAvavati tatprakArako'nubhavo'yathArthaH' isa apramA ke lakSaNa ko bhI pUrvavat samajhanA caahie| jaise-sIpa meM 'idaM rajatam' (yaha cA~dI hai) aimA jJAna 'rajatavizeSyaka-rajatatvaprakAraka' nahIM hai
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________________ 48 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH karaNa-kAraNa-kAryalakSaNAni ] [49 apitu rajatatvAbhAvavadvizeSyaka hai kyoMki yahA~ vAstavika rajata kA padavAcyaH' (yaha pazu gavaya' zabda-vAcya hai) isa prakAra kA jJAna abhAva hai / ataH ayathArtha ( mithyA, apramA) hai: yathArthopamiti hai| 'ahaM gacchAmi' ( maiM jAtA hU~) isa vAkpa se [ yathArthAnubhavabhedAH ke, ke cAnubhavAnAM karaNAni ?] janya-jJAna 'gamanAnukUla kRtimAnaham' (gamanavyApAra ke anukUla kRti vAlA maiM hU~ ) yaha zAbdabodhAtmaka yathArtha jJAna hai| Age isa viSaya yathArthAnubhavazcaturvidhaH-pratyakSA'numityupamitizAbdamedAt / / kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| tatkaraNamapi caturvidhaM pratyakSA'numAnopamAnazabdabhedAt / . [karaNastha, kAraNamya kAryasya ca kAni lakSaNAni ? ] anuvAda-[ yathArthAnubhava ke kitane bheda haiM aura anubhavoM ke / asAdhAraNaM kAraNaM karaNam / kAryaniyatapUrvavRtti kAraNam / kArya karaNa kitane prakAra ke haiM ?] pratyakSa, anumiti, upamiti aura zAbda ke bheda se yathArthAnubhava cAra prakAra kA hai| unake karaNa praagbhaavprtiyogi| (asAdhAraNa kAraNa ) bhI [ kramazaH ] cAra prakAra ke haiM-pratyakSa, ____ anuvAda -[ karaNa, kAraNa aura kArya ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ? ] anumAna, upamAna aura zabda / [kArya ke prati ] jo asAdhAraNa' (vizeSa) kAraNa hotA hai use vyAkhyA-'mAnAdhInA meyasiddhiH' padArtha mAtra kI siddhi pramANa karaNa kahate haiN| kAraNa use kahate haiM jo [ghaTAdi ] kAryoM kI ke adhIna hai| isa niyama ke anusAra yahA~ yaha vicAra prastuta hai ki utpatti ke pahale niyata rUpa se (avazya ) rahe [ jaise-ghaTa ke prati hamArA jo anubhava hai vaha yathArtha hai athavA ayathArtha. isakA nirNaya daNDa, cakra, kulAla Adi ] / kArya vaha hai jo prAgabhAva kA kaise ho? isI prayojana se jJAna ko prApta karane vAle sAdhanoM kI pratiyogI ho| prAmANikatA kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| pramANa kA svarUpa hai vyAkhyA-karaNa, kAraNa aura kArya ye tInoM zabda dekhane meM atyanta 'pramAyA: karaNaM pramANam' ( yathArtha jJAna kA asAdhAraNa sAdhana sarala haiM parantu nyAyadarzana kI paddhati meM samajhanA thor3A kaThina hai| pramANa hai)| pramANa kI paribhASAyeM vibhinna darzana ke granthoM meM vibhinna ! * sAmAnyarUpa se utpanna ghaTAdi ko 'kArya' kahate haiN| kAryotpatti meM prakAra se milatI haiN| ayathArtha jJAna kA kAraNa hai indriya Adi sahAyaka tathA kAryotpatti se pahale rahane vAle miTTI, daNDa, cakrAdi ko bAhya kAraNoM meM doSa honaa| jaise--A~kha meM pIliyA roga ke hone kAraNa' kahate haiN| kAryotpatti ke prati jo asAdhAraNa ( vizeSa) para sapheda zaGkha bhI pIlA dikhalAI par3atA hai| nyAyadarzana ke parataH kAraNa hotA hai use 'karaNa' kahate haiN| prAmANyavAdI hone se vahA~ jJAna kI prAmANikatA ke lie anya sAdhana ko khojA jAtA hai| AtmA, indriya, mana Adi se pramANa karaNa-vicAra-karaNa ko samajhane ke pUrva kAraNoM ke do prakAroM pRthak hai| ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai (1) sAdhAraNa kAraNa aura (2) asAdhAraNa kAraNa / sAdhAraNa kAraNa ve haiM jo samasta kAryoM ke prati kAraNa ghaTa meM 'ayaM ghaTa.' (yaha ghar3A hai) isa prakAra kA jJAna honA hote haiN| jaise-Izvara, kAla, adRSTa aadi| asAdhAraNa kAraNa pratyakSAtmaka yathArthAnubhava hai| parvata meM dhUma ko dekhakara 'parvato vahnimAna' (pargata AgavAlA hai) isa prakAra kA jJAna honA yathArthAnu ve haiM jo sabhI kAryoM ke prati kAraNa nahIM hote parantu ghaTa, paTa Adi tattat kAryoM ke prati kAraNa-vizeSa hote haiN| ye sabhI kAraNamiti hai| gAya ke sadRza gavaya (vana pazu ) ko dekhakara 'ayaM gavaba
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________________ karaNa-kAraNa-kAryalakSaNAni ] [51 50] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vizeSa (asAdhAraNa karaNa) karaNa nahIM kahalAte haiM / nyAyabodhinIkAra Adi prAcIna naiyAyika karaNa kA vyApAravAn bhI honA Avazyaka mAnate haiM aura tadanusAra karaNa kA lakSaNa hogA 'vyApAravadasAdhAraNa kAraNaM karaNam' ( vyApAra - kriyA vAlA hote hue jo kAryotpatti ke prati asAdhAraNa kAraNa ho vaha karaNa hai ) / tarkasaMgraha kI kucha pratiyoM ke mUla meM aisA bhI lakSaNa milatA hai| jaise- 'daNDa' ghaTa kA asAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa hai aura vaha cakra-bhramI rUpa vyApAravAn bhI hai| jJAna ke prati indriyA~ karaNa haiM kyoMki unameM sannikarSarUpa vyApAra hai| yadi vyApAra ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| (jaisA ki navyanaiyAyika mAnate haiM ) to indriyArthasannikarSa karaNa ho . jaayegaa| navyanaiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'karaNa' kA lakSaNa hai-'phalAyogavyavacchinna kAraNaM karaNam' phala ke ayoga ( abhAva ) kA abhAva (vyavacchinna) jisa kAraNa meM ho vaha karaNa hai athavA 'avilambena kAryotpAdakatva' jisameM ho vaha karaNa hai / isakA tAtparya hai 'jisake turanta bAda kAryotpanna ho athavA kAryotpatti ke avyavahita pUrvavartI kAraNa ko karaNa kahate haiN|' yahA~ karaNa ko vyApAravAn honA Avazyaka nahIM hai apitu vyApAra hI karaNa hai| isa lakSaNa- . bheda kA phala yaha huA ki pratyakSa jJAna ke prati prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra indriyA~ karaNa haiM aura indriyArtha-sannikarSa vyApAra jabaki navIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra indriyArtha-sannikarSa hI karaNa , hai| isI taraha anumiti meM prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra liGgajJAna ( vyAptijJAna ) karaNa hai jabaki navIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra liGga-parAmarza karaNa hai| kAraNa-vicAra-kAraNa ko nizcaya hI kArya se pUrvavartI honA cAhie anyathA vaha kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai parantu kArya kI utpatti se pUrvavartI sabhI padArtha kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| ataH lakSaNa meM niyata. pUrvavartI kahA gayA hai / 'niyatapUrvavRttitva' kA artha hai-'avyavahita pUrvakAlAvacchedena kAryadeze sattvam' kAryasthala meM kAryotpatti ke avyavahita pUrvavartI kAla meM niyatarUpa se upasthita rhnaa| isa taraha kumbhakAra kA pitA, vanastha daNDa, gadhA, bailagAr3I Adi ghaTarUpa kArya ke prati kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiM kyoMki ye pUrvavartI to haiM parantu niyata-pUrvavartI nahIM haiN| ye kabhI rahate haiM, kabhI nahIM bhI rahate haiN| inake rahane aura na rahane se kAryotpatti para koI asara nahIM par3atA hai| ___ inheM kAryotpatti ke prati anyayAsiddha ( kArya meM anupayogI hokara kAryadeza meM rahanA) kahA jAtA hai| isa lakSaNa meM eka doSa hai ki daNDarUpa aura daNDatva jAti Adi jo kAryotpatti ke prati anyathAsiddha haiM ve kAryaniyatapUrvavati hone se kAraNa kahalAne lgeNge| ataH isa ativyApti doSa ko dUra karane ke lie lakSaNa meM 'ananyathAsiddha' (anyathAsiddha kA ulTA) pada jor3anA hogA aura tadanusAra kAraNa kA lakSaNa hogA 'ananyathAsiddhatve sati kAryaniyatapUrvavRttitvaM kaarnntvm'| isa taraha daNDa ke sAtha rahane vAlI daNDatva jAti Adi kA vAraNa ho jAtA hai| dIpikA TIkA meM tIna prayojaka anyathAsiddha ke batalAye haiN| jaise--(1) kAraNa ke sAtha samavAya sambandha se sambaddha daNDatva aura daNDa rUpa, (2) jinakA pUrvavatitva anya ke pUrvavartitva kI apekSA rakhatA ho, aise AkAzAdi tathA kumbhakAra kA pitA (zabda ke prati AkAza kI pUrvavatitA middha hai use lekara AkAza kI pUrvavartitA tathA kumbhakAra se pahale rahane vAlA usakA pitA), (3) * anya kAraNa ke sAtha samavAya sambandha se atirikta sambandha se rahane vAle tattva rAsabha Adi tathA pAkaja guNotpatti ke sthala meM rUpa ke prati rasa kA prAgabhAva / naiyAyikoM ke anumAra kArya ke prati kArya kA prAgabhAva bhI kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| jaise ghaTa kArya ke prati ghaTa kA prAgabhAva bhI kAraNa hai| isI prakAra jaba pAkaja rUpa, rasAdi guNoM kI utpatti hotI hai to kArya-rUpa ke prati kArya-rUpa kA prAgabhAga, kArya-rasa ke prati kArya-rasa kA prAgabhAva kAraNa hotA hai| rUpa ke prati rasa kA prAgabhAva aura rasa ke prati rUpa kA prAgabhAva kAraNa
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________________ karaNa-kAraNa-kAryalakSaNAni ] 52 ] [ tarkasaMgraha nahIM hotA hai kintu niyata pUrvavRttitA rUpa ke prati jaise rUpa-prAgabhAva kI hai vaise hI rasa-prAgabhAga kI bhA hai| ataH rUpa ke prati rUpa-prAgabhAva kI taraha rasa-prAgabhAva Adi bhI kAraNa na hoM etadartha unheM anyathAsiddha batalAyA hai| kArikAvalI (19-22) meM inheM hI 5 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| kAraNa 3 prakAra ke haiM jinakA vivecana Age kiyA jaayegaa| kAryavicAra-jisakA kabhI prAgabhAva rahA ho vaha kArya kahalAtA hai| AtmA, AkAza, paramANu Adi nitya padArtha haiM, ataH inakA kabhI bhI prAgabhAva nahIM hotaa| prAgabhAva na hone se ye kArya bhI nahIM / khlaate| anitya ghaTa, paTAdi hI kArya kahalAte haiM kyoMki utpatti se . pUrva unakA abhAva rahatA hai| prAgabhAga svayaM apanA pratiyogI nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH vaha bhI kArya nahIM hai| kArya ke pAribhASika svarUpa ko samajhane ke. pUrva pratiyogI, anuyogI aura prAgabhAva ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| prAgabhAva (kAryotpatti ke pUrva rahane vAlA anAdi sAnta abhAva ) kA vicAra abhAva ke prakaraNa meM kara cuke haiM, Age bhI isakA vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| pratiyogI, anuyogI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga nyAyadarzana meM bahuta . hotA hai| isI kAraNa navya-nyAya kI bhASA durUha ho gaI hai| pratiyogI eka buddhi-sApekSa sambandha hai jo asat padArthoM meM bhI raha sakatA hai| isa sambandha ko mAne vinA nyAyadarzana kA kArya nahIM cala sakatA hai| kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke anusAra abhAva kI svatantra sattA hai| abhAva ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka cha: padArthoM kA sambandha pratiyogitAsambandha kahalAtA hai| jaise-ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI hai ghaTa, paTAbhAva kA pratiyogI hai paTa / ye pratiyogitA-sambandha viruddhatva-sambandha haiM jima meM eka padArtha bhAvAtmaka hotA hai aura dUsarA abhAvAtmaka / pratiyogI kI vyAkhyA kaI prakAra se kI gaI hai, yahAM do prakAra kI vyAkhyA prastuta hai (1) 'yasyAbhAvaH saH pratiyogI' jisakA abhAva batalAyA jAtA hai vaha usa abhAva kA pratiyogI kahalAtA hai / jaiseghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI ghaTa, paTAbhAva kA pratiyogI paTa / yaha abhAva-pratiyogI kA svarUpa hai| (2) 'yanirUpitaM sAdRzyamanyatra nIyate sa pratiyogI' jisakA ( yanirUpita ) sAdRzya anyatra ( mukhAdi meM ) le jAyA jAtA hai vaha ( upamAna) pratiyogI kahalAtA hai| jaise 'candravat muskham' (candramA ke samAna mukha hai) meM candra hai upamAna (jisase sAdRzya batalAyA jAe) aura mukha hai upameya ( jisakA sAdRzya batalAyA jaae)| yahA~ candramA meM rahane vAlA dharma ( saundarya, AhlAda Adi ) mukha meM le jAyA jA rahA hai| ataH candramA pratiyogI hai| anuyogI-'adhikaraNamanuyogI' adhikaraNa = Azraya anuyogI kahalAtA hai| jaise-'ghaTAbhAvavad bhUtalam' (yaha bhUtala ghaTAbhAva vAlA hai) yahA~ bhUtala anuyogI hai aura ghaTa prtiyogii| isI prakAra sAdRzyasthala meM ( yatra sAdRzyaM nIyate so'nu. yogI jahA~ sAdRzya le jAyA jAtA hai aisA upameya mukhAdi anuyogI kahalAtA hai| ise hI hama dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM jisa padArtha ke sAtha pratiyogitA sambandha hotA hai, vaha anuyogI kahalAtA hai| yahA~ itanA aura samajha lenA cAhie ki ghaTa yadi pratiyogI hai to pratiyogitA ghaTa meM rhegii| ghaTa yadi kArya hai to kAryatA ghaTa meM hI rhegii| mukha yadi anuyogI hai to anuyogitA bhI mukha meM hI rhegii| daNDa yadi kAraNa hai to kAraNatA daNDa meM hI rhegii| isI prakAra anyatra bhI samajha lenA caahie| isa vivecana se kArya kA svarUpa bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jaise ghaTa eka kArya hai aura ghaTotpatti ke pUrva kapAladvaya meM usakA prAgabhAva hai| jaba kapAladvaya se ghaTa bana jAtA hai to vaha 'ghaTa' ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI kahalAtA hai| ata: prAgabhAva ke pratiyogI ko kArya kahA jAtA hai| kArya kI yaha paribhASA nyAyadarzana ke anusAra hai, anya dArzanika aisA nahIM mAnate haiM / isake mUla meM kAryakaraNa-sambandha' kA siddhAnta hai / jaise .
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH samavAyyAdikAraNAni ] paTazca svgtruupaadeH| kAryeNa kAraNena vA sahakasminnarthe samavetaM sat kAraNamasamavAyikAraNam / yathA-tantusaMyogaH paTasya, tanturUpaM paTarUpasya / tadubhayabhinna kAraNaM nimitta kAraNam / yathAturIvemAdikaM paTasya / (1) nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA asatkAryavAda--kArya kAraNa se sarvathA bhinna hai tathA utpatti se pUrva kArya kA koI astitva nahIM rahatA hai| yaha siddhAnta 'asatkAryavAda' yA ArambhavAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| inake yahA~ kAraNa sat hotA hai aura usa sat kAraNa se asat (avidyamAna) ghaTAdikArya utpanna hote haiM jo kAraNa se bhinna haiM / isa taraha ye sat se asat kI utpatti mAnate haiM / isIlie inake yahA~ kArya kA lakSaNa 'prAgabhAvapratiyogI' kiyA gayA hai| (2) bauddhoM kA zUnyavAda-ye asat kAraNa se sat kArya kI utpatti mAnate haiN| inake yahA~ pratyeka padArtha kSaNasthAyI hai, ataH jaba paravartI kSaNa meM kArya utpanna hotA hai to kAraNa naSTa ho cukA . rahatA hai| ataH yaha darzana asat se sat kI utpatti mAnane vAlA zunyavAdI kahalAtA hai| (3) sAMkhya kA satkAryavAda yA pariNAmavAda-ye sat kAraNa kA sat kArya ke rUpa meM pariNamana mAnate haiN| inake anusAra kAraNa meM kArya pahale se hI avyaktarUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to kisI bhI padArtha se kisI bhI padArtha kI utpatti hone lgegii| dudha kA pariNamana jaise dadhI ke rUpa meM hotA hai usI prakAra kAraNa kArya ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai| ataH donoM kI vAstavika sattA hai| (4) vedAntiyoM kA mAyAvAda yA vivartavAda-ye kAraNa ko sat rUpa mAnate haiM parantu kArya ko asat (mAyA - vivrt)| inake anusAra kAraNa kA kArya ke rUpa meM bhrama hotA hai, jaise rassI meM sarpa kI bhrAnti / brahma ko nitya mAnane ke kAraNa vedAntI kArya ko bhrama mAnate haiN| [kAraNAni katividhAni kAni ca teSAM lakSaNAni?] kAraNaM trividhaM-samavAyyasamavAyinimittabhedAta / yatsamavetaM kAryamutpadyate tat samavAyikAraNam / yathA-tantavaH paTasya, . anuvAda -[ kAraNa kitane prakAra ke haiM aura unake kyA lakSaNa hai? ] samavAyikAraNa, asamavAyikAraNa aura nimittakAraNa ke bheda se kAraNa tIna prakAra ke haiN| jisameM (jisa dravya meM ) samavAya. sambandha se kArya utpanna ho vaha samavAyikAraNa hai / jaise-ta-tu (dhAge ) paTa ke [ samavAyikAraNa haiM ] aura paTa apane rUpa kA | samavAyikAraNa hai| kArya ke sAtha athavA kAraNa ke sAtha eka padArtha (adhikaraNa ) meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAlA kAraNa asamavAyikAraNa hai| jaise-tantuoM kA saMyoga paTa kA | asamavAyikAraNa hai ] aura tantu kA rUpa paTa ke rUpa kA [asamavAyikAraNa hai] / ina donoM (samavAthikAraNa aura asamavAyikAraNa ) se bhinna kAraNa nimittakAraNa hai| jaise-turI, vemA ( julAhe ke aujAra ) Adi paTa ke [ nimittakAraNa ] haiN| vyAkhyA-vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra dravya hI samavAyikAraNa hotA hai| guNa aura karma asamavAyikAraNa hote haiN| nimittakAraNa koI bhI ho sakatA hai| abhAva kevala nimittakAraNa hotA hai| nitya dravyoM meM rahane vAlA vizeSa kahIM bhI kAraNa nahIM hai| AtmA meM rahane bAle vizeSa guNa kisI ke bhI asamavAyikAraNa nahIM haiM, ve nimittakAraNa mAne jAte haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM jise samavAyikAraNa kahA jAtA hai use anyatra upAdAnakAraNa kahA jAtA hai parantu svarUpa bhinna hai| asamavAyikAraNa ko anya dArzanika svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ___samavAyikAraNa dravya hI hotA hai, ataeva dravya meM samavAya-sambandha se rahane vAle rUpa, rasa Adi guNoM aura utkSepaNa Adi karmoM kI hotA hai|
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________________ 56 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH samavAyyAdikAraNAni ] [57 (paTa) kA samavAya sambandha mAnA jAtA hai tathA avayava meM avayavI samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| ata: avayava tantu 'samavAyI' haiM aura avayavI paTa usameM 'samaveta' hai| isa taraha kArya apane kAraNa meM samaveta hotA hai| ataH jisa kAraNa ( tantu ) meM kArya (paTa) samavAya sambandha se samaveta (rahate hae utpanna ho vaha samavAyi. kAraNa hai| utpatti ke prati bhI ghaTa, paTa Adi dravya hI samavAyikaraNa hote haiM arthAt dravya, guNa aura karma ina tInoM kAryoM ke prati samavAyikAraNa dravya hI hotA hai| dravya-kArya ke prati dravya ke avayava samavAyikAraNa hote haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM dravya, guNa aura karma pRthak-pRthaka vastu haiM / ata: paTa kArya se paTarUpa kArya bhinna hai| jaba paTarUpa kArya paTa se bhinna hai to paTarUpa ke kAraNoM kA bhI vicAra Avazyaka hai| isa saMdarbha meM paTarUpa kA samavAyikAraNa paTa mAnA gayA hai aura " . asamavAyikAraNa tnturuup| isI prakAra ghaTa rUpa kArya kA samavAyikAraNa hai ghaTa tathA asamavAyikAraNa hai kapAlarUpa / isa taraha kucha kAryoM ke samavAyikAraNa aura asamavAyikAraNa nimna haikArya samavAyikAraNa tathA asamavAyikAraNa asamavAyikAraNa kArya kA adhikaraNa kA adhikaraNa ghaTa kapAladvaya kapAladvaya saMyoga kapAla paTa tantusaMyoga tantu ghaTarUpa ghaTa kapAlarUpa kapAla paTarUpa paTa tanturUpa sabhI kArya apane-apane samatrAyikAraNoM meM rahate haiM arthAt sabhI / kAryoM kA adhikaraNa unake apane apane samavAyikAraNa hote haiN| jaise - ghaTa kArya kA samavapikAraNa kapAladvaya haiN| ata: ghaTa kA adhikaraNa hogA 'kpaaldvy'| ghaTarUpakArya kA samavAyikAraNa hai ghaTa, ataeva ghaTarUpa kArya kA adhikaraNa hogA, 'ghaTa' / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke ina mAnya siddhAntoM ko samajhane ke bAda aba kAraNoM ke svarUpa kA vicAra prastuta hai (1) samavAyikAraNa-'yatsamavetaM kArya mutpadyate tat samavAyikAraNam' arthAt jisameM (jisa dravya meM ) samavAya sambandha se kArya utpanna ho vaha samavAyikAraNa hai| avayava ( tantu ) aura avayabI jisa prakAra avayava aura avayavI meM samavAya sambandha hai usI prakAra guNa aura guNI meM, kriyA aura kriyAvAn meM bhI samavAya sambandha hai| ata: jaba paTarUpa Adi kArya utpanna hote haiM to ve kI apane adhikaraNa paTa meM samavAya sambandha se rahate haiM arthAta paTarUpa kAryotpatti ke prati paTa samavAyI hai aura paTarUpa usameM samaveta hai| isa taraha sarvatra samavAyikAraNa ke lakSaNa ko ghaTA lenA caahie| yahA~ itanA samajha lenA cAhie ki nyAyavaizeSika ke kArya-kAraNavAda ke siddhAntAnusAra tantuoM meM (samavAyikAraNa meM ) jaba paTa utpanna hotA hai to sAMkhya darzana kI taraha tantu ( kAraNa ) paTa ke rUpa meM badala nahIM jAte apitu tantu bhI bane rahate haiM aura usameM paTa eka nayA kArya utpanna ho jAtA hai / jo tantuoM meM samavAya sambandha se 'samaveta hokara ) rahatA hai| ataH samavAyikAraNa aura upAdAnakAraNa ko eka nahIM samajhanA caahie| tantu (2) asamavAyikAraNa-'kAryeNa kAraNena vA sahakasminnarthe samavetaM sat kAraNamamamavAyikAraNam' arthAt kArya yA kAraNa ke sAtha eka padArtha ( adhikaraNa ) meM samavAya-sambandha se rahane vAlA kAraNa asamavAyikAraNa hai| isa paribhASA ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake nimna prakAra kaha sakate haiME..(ka) kAryaikArthapratyAsatti-jo samavAyikAraNa meM samavAya sambandha se kArya ke sAtha-sAtha rahatA ho vaha asamavAyikAraNa hai arthAt
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH jisake asamavAyikAraNa kA vicAra ho rahA ho vaha kArya apane asamabAyikAraNa ke sAtha eka adhikaraNa meM rhe| jaise-paTa kArya kA asamavAyikAraNa tantusaMyoga hai jo tantusaMyoga apane adhikaraNa tantuoM meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| paTa kArya bhI apane samavAyikAraNa tantuoM meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| isa taraha isa udAharaNa meM 'tantu' paTa kArya kA tathA tantusaMyoga ( asamavAyikAraNa ) kA ekAdhikaraNa hai| ataH tantusaMyoga paTa kArya ke prati asamavAyikAraNa hai| isI taraha ghaTa kArya kA asamavAyikAraNa kapAladvaya-saMyoga tathA ghaTa kArya ye donoM samavAyikAraNa kapAladUyarUpa eka hI adhikaraNa meM rahate haiM, ataH kapAladvaya-saMyoga ghaTa ke prati asamavAyikAraNa hai| (kha) kAraNakAthapratyAsatti-jo asamavAyikAraNa apane kArya ke samavAyikaraNa ke sAtha eka adhikaraNa meM rahatA ho arthAt kAryekArthapratyAsatti meM to asamavAyikAraNa aura kArya donoM eka sAtha eka sthAna meM rahate haiM jabaki kAraNakArthapratyAsatti meM asamavAyikAraNa tathA kArya kA samavAyikAraNa donoM eka sAtha eka sthAna meM rahate haiN| jaise-paTarUpa kArya ke prati tanturUpa asamavAyikAraNa hai tathA paTa samavAyikAraNa hai| isa udAharaNa meM tanturUpa asamavAyikAraNa kA adhikaraNa tantu hai tathA paTarUpa kArya ke samavAyikAraNa kA adhikaraNa bhI tantu hai / isI prakAra ghaTarUpa kArya kA asamavAyikAraNa kapAladvayarUpa kA adhikaraNa kapAladvaya hai tathA ghaTarUpa kArya ke samavAvikAraNa kA adhikaraNa bhI kapAladvaya hai| ataH yahA~ kAraNaikArthapratyAsatti hai| cUMki AtmA ke vizeSaguNa kahIM bhI asamavAyikAraNa nahIM mAne jAte haiM, ataH lakSaNa meM 'AtmavizeSaguNabhinnatve sati' pada jor3a denA caahie| (ga) nimittakAraNa-'tadubhayabhinna kAraNaM nimittakAraNam' arthAt . samavAyikAraNa aura asamavAyikAraNa se bhinna sabhI kAraNa nimitta kAraNasya pratyakSapramANasya ca lakSaNe ] [59 kAraNa haiM / jaise-turI, vemA Adi paTa ke prati tathA daNDa, cakra Adi ghaTa ke prati nimittakAraNa haiN| nimittakAraNa do prakAra ke haiMsAmAnya nimittakAraNa aura vizeSa nimittakAraNa / sAmAnyakAraNa ve haiM jo sabhI kAryoM ke prati samAnarUpa se kAraNa hote haiN| aise kAraNa saMkhyA meM ATha-Izvara, Izvara kA jJAna, kRti, dizA, kAla, AkAza, icchA, praaNgbhaavH| vizeSa nimittakAraNa aneka haiN| turI, vemA, julAhA Adi vizeSa nimittakAraNa haiN| kAraNa vicAra ke prasaGga meM inhIM nimittakAraNoM kA vicAra apekSita hotA hai| [karaNasya niSkRSTalakSaNaM kim ? ] tadetatrividhakAraNamadhye yadasAdhAraNaM kAraNaM tadeva karaNam / anuvAda-[ karaNa kA niSkRSTa lakSaNa kyA hai ? ] ina tInoM kAraNoM ( samavAyi, asamadhAyi aura nimitta ) meM jo asAdhAraNa kAraNa ho vahI karaNa kahalAtA hai| vyAkhyA -- isakA vicAra pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| (ka) atha pratyakSapramANaparicchedaH [pratyakSapramANasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] tatra pratyakSajJAnakaraNaM pratyakSam / anuvAda-[pratyakSa pramANa kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] unameM (pUrvokta cAra pramANoM meM pratyakSajJAna ke karaNa (vyApArayukta asAdhAraNa kAraNa ) ko pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiN| arthAt cakSa Adi idriyA~ pratyakSa pramANa haiN| vyAkhyA-'pratyakSajJAnakaraNaM pratyakSam' isa paribhASA meM prathama pratyakSa zabda pratyakSAtmaka jJAna kA tathA dvitIya pratyakSa zabda pratyakSa pramANa kA vAcaka hai| yadi 'pratyakSakaraNam' mAtra lakSaNa karate to pratyakSakaraNa daNDAdi meM ativyApti ho jaatii| yadi 'zAnakaraNam -
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________________ pratyakSapramANalakSaNam ] | 60 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH mAtra lakSaNa karate to anumiti Adi jJAnoM meM ativyApti ho jaatii| ataH 'pratyakSajJAnakaraNam' aisA lakSaNa kiyA gyaa| pratyakSajJAna kI karaNa indriyA~ haiM, ataH ve hI pratyakSa pramANa haiN| aisA hI lakSaNa tarkabhASA meM kiyA gayA hai 'sAkSAtkAripramAkaraNaM pratyakSam' ( sAkSAskAriNI pramA ke karaNa ko pratyakSa kahate haiN| sAkSAtkAriNI pramA -vahI hai jo indriyajanya ho)| prazna-'mana' indriya se janya jJAna to anumAnAdi bhI haiM jisase lakSaNa anumAnAdi meM ativyApta ho rahA hai ? uttara-yaha saca hai ki mana ko antarindriya mAnA jAtA hai ataH . jaba AtmA kA mana ke sAtha, mana kA bAhya indriya ke sAtha aura bAhya-indriya kA artha ke sAtha sannikarSa sambandha hotA hai tabhI ghaTAdi bAhya viSayoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai| mana ko jo jJAnamAtra ke prati kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai vaha manastvena mAnA jAtA hai, indriyatvena nhiiN| ataH anamAnAdi ke sthala meM mana 'indriyatvena' karaNa nahIM hai apita 'manastvena' karaNa hai| ata: vahA~ ativyApti nahIM hotI hai| sukhAdi ke mAnasa-pratyakSa ke sthala meM mana 'indriyatvena' karaNa hotA hai ataH -vahA~ indriyajanyatA rahatI hai / prazna-Izvara-pratyakSa meM lakSaNa avyApta hai kyoMki Izvara kA jJAna indriyajanya nahIM hai? utara-yaha lakSaNa kevala jIvAtmA ke pratyakSa kA batalAyA hai| Izvara kA pratyakSa to nitya hai aura alaukika hai| prazna-kyA indriyA~ hI pratyakSa ke prati karaNa haiM athavA indripArthasannikarSa Adi bhI? uttara-sAmAnyarUpa se indriyA~ hI pratyakSa ke prati karaNa haiM parantu vizeSa-vizeSa sthaloM meM indriyArthasannikarSa Adi ko bhI karaNa vyApAra phala (1) indriyA~ indriyArthasannikarSa nirvikalpakajJAna (2) indriyArthasannikarSa nirvikalpaka jJAna savikalpakajJAna (3) nirvikalpakajJAna savikalpakajJAna heya-upAdeya-upekSA-buddhi jo vyApAra ko hI karaNa mAnate haiM unake yahA~ indriyArthasannikarSa hI karaNa (pratyakSapramANa) hogaa| pratyakSapramANa ko sabhI dArzanika mAnate haiM parantu unake svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| vibhinna dArzanikoM ne pramANoM kI saMkhyA pRthak-pRthaka mAnI hai| jaise (1) cArvAka-eka (pratyakSa) (2) bauddha aura vaizeSika-do (pratyakSa aura anumAna) ( 3.) sAMkhya-tIna (pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda) (4) nyAya-cAra (pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda aura upamAna) (5) prabhAkara mImAMsaka-pA~ca (pratyakSAdi cAra tathA arthApatti) (6) kumArilabhaTTa mImAMsaka evaM vedAntI-chaH (pratyakSAdi 5 tathA abhAva) (7) paurANika-ATha (pratyakSAdi 6, saMbhava tathA aitihya) (8) jaina-cha: ( pratyakSa, anumAna, tarka, smRti, pratyabhijJA aura Agama) nyAyadarzana ke anusAra arthApatti ( upapAdya-puSTatva ke jJAna se upapAdaka= rAtribhojana kI kalpanA) kA vyatirekavyAptimUlaka anumAna meM, abhAva ( anupalabdhi ) kA pratyakSa meM, saMbhava ( brAhmaNa meM vidyA saMbhava hai) kA anumAna meM, aitihya ( paramparA se prApta vAkya / jaise-isa per3a meM yakSa hai) kA zabda meM, ceSTA (tAntrika loga ise navama pramANa mAnate haiM) kA anumAna meM, tarka kA anumAna meM, pratyabhijJA (so'yaM devadattaH) kA smRti aura pratyakSa meM antarbhAva karake cAra hI pramANa mAnate haiN|
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________________ 62 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH pratyakSajJAnalakSaNam ] [ 63 karaNa nahIM hotA hai| yaha lakSaNa Izvara-pratyakSa meM bhI calA jAtA hai| ima taraha cakSu, zrotra, tvak, rasanA, ghrANa aura mana ina 6 indriyoM se isa jJAna ke janya hone se yaha pratyakSa kramazaH cAkSuSa, zrItra, spArzana, rAsana, ghrANaja aura mAnasa ke bheda se chaH prakAra kA hai| ina chahoM se kramazaH ghaTa, zabda, sparza, rasa, gandha aura AtmA ( sukha, duHkhAdi kA bhI ) kA jJAna hotA hai / ghaTAdi viSaya ke sAtha jaba taka indriyoM kA sannikarSa nahIM hogA taba taka jJAna nahIM hogA / sannikarSa prathamataH do prakAra kA hai--(1) laukika sannikarSa aura (2) alaukika sannikarSa / laukika sannikarSa cha: prakAra kA hai aura alaukika sannikarSa tIna prakAra kA hai| isakA vicAra sannikarSa ke prakaraNa meM kreNge| . sannikarSa [pratyakSajJAnasya (pratyakSapramAyAH) kiM lakSaNaM, katividhaM ca tat ? ] indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / (jJAnAkaraNakaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / ) tadvividham-nirvikalpakaM savikalpakaM ceti / tatra niSprakArakaM jJAnaM nirvikalpakam / yathedaM kiJcit / saprakArakaM jJAnaM savikalpakam / yathA Dittho'yaM brAhmaNo'yaM zyAmo'yamiti / anuvAda--[ pratyakSajJAna pratyakSapramA kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kA hai? ] indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa (sambandha) se utpanna jJAna ko pratyakSajJAna yA pratyakSapramA kahate haiM / ( athavA-jisa jJAna meM dUsarA jJAna kAraNa na ho use pratyakSajJAna kahate haiN)| vaha do prakAra kA hai-nirvikalpakapratyakSa aura savikalpaka prtykss| unameM (donoM pratyakSoM meM) prakAratA se rahita (vizeSaNa aura vizeSya ke sambandha jJAna se rahita) jJAna ko nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kahate haiM / prakAratA se sahita jJAna ko savikalpaka pratyakSa kahate haiN| jaise-yaha Ditya (lakar3I kA hAthI) hai, yaha brAhmaNa hai, yaha zyAma hai| vyAkhyA-'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam' isa pratyakSapramA ke lakSaNa meM 'sannikarSadhvaMsa' meM ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'jJAnam' pada diyA hai kyoMki sannikarSadhvaMsa bhI indriyArtha-sannikarSajanya hai| anumiti Adi meM ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'indriyArthasannikarSa' pada diyA kyoMki anumiti Adi jJAna bhI janyajJAna haiN| anumiti meM netrAdi indriyoM kA sAdhya agni Adi ke sAtha sannikarSa nahIM hotA hai| nyAya-siddhAntamuktAvali meM 'indriyajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam' kahA hai| jo ukta lakSaNa kA hI dyotaka hai| ye donoM hI lakSaNa janyapratyakSa ke haiM yadi isameM Izvara ke nityapratyakSa ko bhI sammilita karanA cAheM to, kaheMge 'jJAnAkaraNakaM jJAnaM pratyakSam' kyoMki pratyakSajJAna meM anya jJAna grantha meM indripArthasannikarSajanya pratyakSajJAna ko do prakAra kA batalAyA hai-nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka / 'niSprakArakaM jJAnaM nirvikalpakam' prakAratA se rahita jJAna nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hai| arthAt jisa jJAna meM kauna vizeSya hai, kauna vizeSaNa hai aura una donoM meM kauna-sA sambandha hai, yaha bhAna nahIM hotA, kevala 'yaha kUcha hai' karake jJAna hotA hai, vahI nirvikalpaka hai| vyavahAra meM isa jJAna kA prayoga nahIM hai kyoMki jo bhI vyavahAra hotA hai vaha vizeSyavizeSaNAdi se sambandhita hotA hai| zUnyavAdI hone se bauddha dArzanika nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiN| mAyAvAda mAnane vAle vedAntI bhI bauddhapakSa ko hI mAnate haiN| nyAyadarzana meM prAcIna paramparAnusAra nirvikalpaka pramArUpa hai parantu navyanyAya meM prAyaH vaha na pramA rUpa hai aura na apramA ruup| jainadarzana meM nirvikalpaka jJAna ko 'darzana' zabda se kahA gayA hai aura ise savikalpaka jJAna kI pUrvAvasthA mAnA hai| nyAyadarzana ke nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke pAribhASika svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie nimna bAteM jAnanA jarUrI haiM
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________________ sannikarSabhedA:] (nAma, jAti Adi se rahita aura kalpanA se rahita jJAna pratyakSa hai)| gautama muni ne pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM kahA hai 'avyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyvsaayaatmkm'| yahA~ avyabhicArI ( doSarahita) ke prayoga se apramA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| avyapadezya (jisakA nAmAdi se kathana na kiyA jA sake) tathA vyavasAyAtmaka (viziSTAvagAhI) padoM ke dvArA kramazaH nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka pratyakSoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| [ tarkasaMgrahaH ghaTAdi viSaya haiM, ataeva unameM viSayatA rahatI hai| vaha viSayatA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-vizeSyatA, prakAratA aura sNsrgtaa| jaise -'braahmnno'ym'| yaha brAhmaNa hai) aisA pratyakSa hone para 'ayam' pada meM vizeNatA, brAhmaNa pada meM prakAratA (vizeSyatA) tathA una donoM padoM ke saMbandha meM saMsargatA rahatI hai| athavA brAhmaNa vizeSya hai aura brAhmaNatva prakAra hai aura unakA sambandha saMsarga hai / isa taraha yaha jJAna saprakAraka jJAna / vizeSaNa-vizeSyasambandhAvagAhI jJAna) hone se savikalpaka hai aura jo jJAna 'vishessnnvishessysmbndh|'nvgaahii' hai vaha nirvikalpaka hai / jaise--yaha kucha hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki jaba koI padArtha hamAre kucha nikaTa AtA hai to usase hamArI indriyoM kA sannikarSa sambandha hotA hai, pazcAt hameM eka dhudhalA sA jJAna hotA hai ki 'yaha kucha hai| yahAM nirvikalpaka hai| pazcAt viSaya jaba aura nikaTa AtA hai to usake vizeSya, vizeSaNa aura usake sambandha kA jJAna hotA hai (anubhUta viSaya meM jJAna zIghratA se hotA hai, ataH vahA~ krama kA patA nahIM calatA hai| isake hone para hI eka jJAna kA dUsare jJAna se bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise--'ayaM ghaTa:' isa jJAna meM ghaTa vizeSya hai aura usameM ghaTatva jAti prakAra hai jo use paTAdi ke jJAna se pRthaka karatI hai| isa taraha yaha viziSTajJAna kahalAtA hai, ataH savikalpaka ko viziSTajJAna kahate haiN| isa viziSTajJAna ke hone ke hI kAraNa isase pUrvavartI jJAna ko nirvikalpaka kahate haiN| ataH dIpikA meM 'vizeSaNavizeSyasambandhAnabagAhijJAnam' ko nirvikalpaka tathA 'nAmajAtyAdivizeSaNavizeSyasambandhAvagAhijJAnam' ko savikalpaka kahA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki vizeSaNajJAna ke binA vizeSya ko nahIM jAna , jA sakatA hai| ataH kahA hai--'nAgRhItavizeSaNA-buddhivizeSyamupasaMkrAmati' / bauddha nirvikalpaka ko hI pratyakSajJAna mAnate haiM ataH unake yahA~ pratyakSajJAna kI paribhASA hai "pratyakSa kalpanApoDhaM nAmajAtyAdyasaMyutam' / sannikarSaH katividhaH?] pratyakSajJAnaheturindrayArthasannikarSaH par3a vadhaH-saMyogaH saMyuktasamavAyaH saMyuktasamavetasamavAyaH samavetasamavAyo vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvazceti / [ghaTadravyapratyakSe kaH sannikarSaH 1 ] cakSuSA ghaTapratyakSajanane saMyogaH sannikarSaH / [ghaTarUpaguNapratyakSe kaH sannikarSaH1] ghaTarUpapratyakSajanane saMyuktasamavAyaH sannikarSaH, cakSuHsaMyukte ghaTe rUpasya samavAyAt / [rUpatvapratyakSe kaH sannikarpaH 1 ] rUpatvasAmAnyapratyakSe saMyuktasamavetasamavAyaH sannikarSaH, cakSuHsaMyukte ghaTe rUpaM samavetaM tatra rUpatvasya samavAyAt / [zabdapratyakSe kaH sannikarSaH 1] zrotreNa zabdasAkSAtkAre samavAyaH snnikrssH| karNavivaravAkAzasya zrotratvAcchabdasyAkAzaguNatvAd guNaguNinozca samavAyAt / [zabdatvasAkSAtkAre kaH sannikarSaH 1] zabdatvasAkSAtkAre samavetasamavAyaH snnikrssH| zrotrasamavete zabde zabdatvasya samavAyAt / [abhAvapratyakSe kaH sannikarSaH 1 ] abhAvapratyakSe vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvaH snnikrssH| ghaTAbhAvavad bhUtalamityatra cakSuHsaMyukte bhUtale ghaTAbhAvasya vizeSaNatvAt /
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________________ sannikarSabhedAH] [67 . . [ tarkasaMgrahaH anuvAba-[ sannikarSa kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] pratyakSajJAna kA hetu indriyArthasannikarSa (ghaTAdiviSayoM ke sAtha cakSu Adi indriyoM kA sannikarSa-sambandha ) cha: prakAra kA hai-saMyoga, saMyuktasamavAya, sayuktasamavetasamavAya, samavAya, samavetasamavAya aura vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva / ghiTa dravya ke pratyakSa meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai? ] cakSa se ghaTa kA pratyakSa hone meM saMyoga-sannikarSa hai| [ ghaTarUpa ke pratyakSa meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai?] ghaTa ke rUpa kA pratyakSa hone meM saMyuktasamavAyasannikarSa hai kyoMki cakSu se saMyukta ghaTa meM rUpa samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai| [ rUpatva ke pratyakSa meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai? ] rUpatva sAmAnya (jAti) ke pratyakSa meM saMyuktasamavetasamavAya-sannikarSa hai kyoMki cakSu se saMyukta ghaTa meM rUpa samavAya sambandha (samaveta) se hai aura usameM (ghaTarUpa meM) rUpatva samavAya sambandha se hai| [zabda ke pratyakSa meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai?] karNa se zabda kA pratyakSa karane meM samavAya sannikarSa hai kyoMki karNavivara ( kAna kA chidra) meM jo AkAza hai vahI zrotrandriya hai, zabda AkAza kA guNa hai tathA guNa aura guNI kA samavAyasambandha hotA hai| [zabdatva ke sAkSAtkAra meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai ? ] zabdatva ke sAkSAtkAra meM samavetasamavAya sannikarSa hai kyoMki zrotra meM samaveta (samavAya sambandha se rahane vAlA) zabda meM zabdatva samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| [abhAva ke pratyakSa meM kauna sA sannikarSa hai ? ] abhAva ke pratyakSa meM vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva sannikarSa hai kyoMki 'ghaTAbhAva vAlA bhUtala hai' yahA~ cakSa se saMyukta . bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva vizeSaNa hai| vyAkhyA-pratyakSapramA ke lakSaNa meM kahA gayA thA 'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam' / sannikarSa zabda kA kyA artha hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM yahA~ kahA gayA hai 'pratyakSajJAnaheturindriyA'rthasannikarSaH' arthAt indriya aura artha kA vaha sambandha vizeSa jo pratyakSajJAna karAne meM vizeSa kAraNa hai, sannikarSa hai| 'karaNa' ke vicAra ke saMdarbha meM batalAyA gayA thA ki prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra karaNa meM vyApAra kA honA Avazyaka hai aura navya naiyAyikoM ke anusAra vyApAra hI karaNa hai| tadanusAra prAcIna naiyAyikoM ne indriya ko pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai aura indriyArthasannikarSa ko byApAra / vyApAra vaha hai jo svayaM dravya na hote hue bhI karaNa se janya ho aura karaNa se janya phala kA janaka ho (dravyetaratve sati tajjanyatve sati tajjanyajanako vyaapaarH)| isa taraha sannikarSa ko pratyakSajJAna kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| yaha sannikarSa prathamataH do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-laukika sannikarSa aura alaukika sannikarSa / laukika sannikarSa chaH prakAra kA hai aura alaukika sannikarSa tIna prakAra kA hai| alaukika sannikarSa ke tIna bheda haiM-1. sAmAnyalakSaNa sannikarSavyAptijJAna ke sthala meM dhUmatva sAmAnya se samasta dhama kI pratIti isI sannikarSa se hotI hai| 2. jJAnalakSaNa sannikarSa-'yaha vahI devadatta hai', 'yaha candana surabhi hai' ityAdi smaraNa aura pratyakSa ke jor3arUpa pratyabhijJAna meM jo sannikarSa hetu hai, vaha hai jJAnalakSaNa snnikrss| 3 yogaja sannikarSa-yogiyoM ko hone vaalaa| yahA~ grantha meM laukika sannikarSa kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, usake cha: bhedoM kA aura unase hone vAle pratyakSa kA nirUpaNa nimna haiM (1) saMyoga sannikarSa-yaha sannikarSa do dravyoM meM hotA hai| ataH ghaTAdi dravyoM kA jaba cAkSuSa pratyakSa hotA hai to ghaTAdi viSayoM ke sAtha cakSu indriya kA saMyoga sannikarSa hotA hai kyoMki ghaTAdi viSaya tathA cakSu indriya donoM hI dravya haiN| spArzana indriya se bhI dravya kA pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| ataH jaba tvacA idriya kA ghaTAdi viSayoM ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai to usakA pratyakSa hotA hai| isake atirikta AtmA aura mana kA saMyoga hone para bhI saMyoga sannikarSa hotA hai| zeSa indriyoM se dravya kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai / ataH vahA~ saMyoga-sannikarSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| isa taraha dravya ke cAkSaSa, tvAca aura mAnasa pratyakSa meM saMyoga sannikarSa hotA hai| vaizeSikoM ke anusAra AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM annambhaTTa .
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________________ 68] [ tarkasaMgrahaH mauna haiN| vAyu ke tvAca pratyakSa ke viSaya meM do mata haiM jo udbhUta rUpa ko bhI tvAca pratyakSa ke prati kAraNa mAnate haiM unake yahA~ vAyu anumeya hai aura jo navya ) tvAca pratyakSa ke prati kevala udbhUta sparza ko kAraNa mAnate haiM unake yahA~ vAyu kA tvAca pratyakSa hotA hai| (2) saMyukta-samavAya sannikarSa- dravya meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAle guNa aura karma kA bhI pratyakSa naiyAyika mAnate haiM / ataH jaba inakA pratyakSa hotA hai to indriya kA inake sAtha sIdhA samparka na hokara paramparayA hotA hai| jaise-ghaTarUpa ke pratyakSa meM cakSa kA ghaTa ke sAtha saMyoga (saMyukta) hogA pazcAt ghaTa meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAle rUpa kA pratyakSa hogaa| isa paramparayA sambandha kA hI nAma hai 'saMyukta-samavAya sannikarSa' / isa taraha ghaTAdi dravyoM meM rahane vAle rUpAdi guNoM (zabda guNa ko chor3akara ) tathA karmoM kA pratyakSa isI sannikarSa se hotA hai| prANa indriya aura rasanA indriya se jo kramazaH gandha aura rasa kA pratyakSa hotA hai vaha isI sannikarSa se hotA hai| ghaTatva Adi jAtiyoM kA pratyakSa bhI saMyukta-samavAya sannikarSa se hI hogA kyoMki ve ghaTAdi meM samavAya sambandha se rahatI haiN| isa taraha jo dravya meM samavAya sambandha se rahegA 'usake pratyakSa ke prati saMyuktasamavAya sannikarSa kAraNa hogaa| zrotra ko chor3akara zeSa indriyoM se yaha sannikarSa hotA hai| (3) saMyukta-samaveta-samavAya sannikarSa-dravya meM samaveta (samavAya . / sambandha se vartamAna )jo guNAdi padArtha haiM unameM bhI samaveta (samavAya sambandha se vartamAna) rUpatva Adi kA pratyakSa hone para saMyukta-samavetasamavAya sannikarSa hotA hai| jaise-ghaTagata rUpatva jAti ke cAkSuSa pratyakSa meM cakSu kA ghaTa ke sAtha saMyoga (saMyukta) hogA pazcAt ghaTa meM samavAya saMbandha se rahane vAle ( samaveta ) rUpa ke sAtha saMyuktasamavAya hogA aura isake bAda rUpa meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAle rUpatva ke sAtha cakSusaMyuktasamaveta-samavAya sannikarSa hogaa| isI / sannikarSabhedAH ] [69 taraha rasatva, sparzatva, gandhatva Adi guNagata jAtiyoM kA tathA karmagata karmatva jAti kA bhI pratyakSa saMyuktasamavetasamavAya sannikarSa se hotA hai| yaha bhI paramparayA sambandha hai| yaha sannikarSa karNa indriya ko chor3akara zeSa indriyoM ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai| (4) samavAya sannikarSa-zabda guNa ke pratyakSa meM samavAya sannikarSa kAraNa hotA hai kyoMki zabda AkAza kA guNa mAnA jAtA hai| guNa (zabda ) guNI ( AkAza ) meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra zrotrendriya ( karNa vivara ) AkAza hI hai. anya kucha nhiiN| dravyAtmaka zrotrendriya kA zabda guNa ke sAtha saMyoga sannikarSa ho nahIM sakatA hai, ataH yahA~ sIdhA samavAya sannikarSa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ eka prazna uThAyA jAtA hai ki jaba samavAya nitya sambandha hai to vahA~ vyApAra kA lakSaNa kaise jAyegA? dIpikA TIkA meM isakA / uttara diyA hai ki zabda-pratyakSa meM zabda hI vyApAra hai athavA zrotrendriya evaM mana kA saMyoga vyApAra hai| yaha sannikarSa kevala zabda ke pratyakSa meM zrotrendriya ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai| (5) samaveta-samavAya sannikarSa - zabdatva jAti ke pratyakSa meM samaveta-samavAyasannikarpa kAraNa hotA hai| zabda kA aura zrotrendriya kA sannikarSa samavAya hai tathA zabda meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAlI zabdatva jAti ke sAtha samaveta-samavAya sannikarSa hotA hai| (6) vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva sannikarSa-abhAva padArtha ke pratyakSa meM vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva sannikarSa hotA hai / abhAva pratyakSa ke sandarbha meM eka prazna hai ki abhAva ke sAtha indriya kA na to saMyoga sambandha saMbhava hai aura na samavAya, phira usakA pratyakSa kaise hogA? mImAMsaka evaM vedAntI to abhAva ke jJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM mAnate haiM apitu anupalabdhi nAmaka alaga pramANa mAnate haiN| parantu naiyAyikoM ne anupalabdhi ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| ataH ve abhAva ke pratyakSa ke lie vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva sambandha mAnate haiN| jaise-'bhatale ghaTAbhAvaH' bhUtala meM ghaTa kA abhAva hai| yahA~ bhUtala adhikaraNa hai aura usameM
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________________ sannikarSo'numAnapramANaJca ] 70 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH ghaTAbhAva svarUpa saMbandha (saMyogAdi vRttiniyAmaka sambandhoM se bhinna sambandha ) se rahatA hai| jaba hama ghaTAbhAva kA pratyakSa karate haiM to vAkya-prayoga ke bheda se kabhI ghaTAbhAva vizeSaNa hotA hai aura kabhI vishessy| isI bheda ke kAraNa isa sambandha ke do bheda saMbhava haiN| jaise--(1) vizeSaNatA sannikarSa-jisameM abhAva ko vizeSaNa banAyA jaae| jaise--'ghaTAbhAvavat bhUtalam' ghaTAbhAva vAlA bhUtala / hai / yahA~ bhUtala hai vizeSya aura ghaTAbhAva hai vizeSaNa / ataH yahA~ cakSusaMyuktabhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva vizeSaNatAsannikarSa se jJAta huaa| (2) vizeSyatA sannikarSa-jisameM abhAva ko vizeSya banAyA jaae| saptamyanta pada vizeSaNa mAnA jAtA hai| jaise-'iha bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' isa bhUtala meM ghaTa nahIM hai| yahA~ saptamyanta bhUtala vizeSaNa hai aura abhAva vizeSya / ataH yahA~ cakSusaMyukta-bhUtalarUpa vizeSaNa meM ghaTAbhAva vizeSyatA sannikarSa se jJAta haa| naiyAyika abhAva kI taraha 'samavAya' padArtha kA bhI pratyakSa mAnate haiM parantu vaizeSika samavAya kA pratyakSa nahIM mAnate haiN| annambhaTTa ne kevala abhAva kA pratyakSa yahA~ batalAyA hai| yaha vizeSya-vizeSaNatA sambandha kaI prakAra kA hai| vizeSa ke lie dekheM kArikAvalI 62 para nyaaysiddhaantmuktaavlii| prazna-jAti, samavAya aura abhAva ke pratyakSa meM indriyoM kA niyAmakatva kyA hai ? uttara-yenendriyeNa yadgRhyate tenendriyeNa tadgataM sAmAnyaM tatsamavAyastadabhAvazca gRhyate' arthAt jisa indriya se jipa padArtha kA grahaNa hotA hai usI indriya se usakI jAti, samavAya aura abhAva kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| [pratyakSapramANasya niSkRSTaM lakSaNaM kim ? ] evaM sannikarSaSaTakajanyaM dAnaM pratyakSaM, tatkaraNamindriyaM, tasmAdindriyaM pratyakSapramANamiti siddham / [iti pratyakSaparicchedaH ] anuvAda-isa prakAra cha: prakAra ke sannikarSa se utpanna jJAna ko pratyakSa [pramA ] kahate haiM, usakA karaNa indriya hai, ataH indriya hI pratyakSa pramANa hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| [pratyakSa-pariccheda samApta ] (kha) athA'numAnapramANaparicchedaH [ anumAnasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] anu mitikaraNamanumAnam / [anumitiH kA ? ] parAmarzajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH / [ parAmarzasya ki svarUpam ? ] vyAptiviziSTapakSadharmatAjJAnaM praamrshH| yathA 'vahivyApyadhUmavAnayaM parvata' iti jJAna praamrshH| tajjanyaM parvato vahnimAniti jnyaanmnumitiH| [vyAptiH kA? ] 'yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniH' iti sAhacaryaniyamo vyAptiH / [ pakSadharmatAyAH kiM lakSaNam ? ] vyApyasya parvatAdivRttitvaM pkssdhrmtaa| ___anuvAda-[ anumAna kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? 1 anumiti kA karaNa anumAna hai| [ anumiti kyA hai? parAmarza se utpanna jJAna anumiti hai| [ parAmarza kA kyA svarUpa hai? ] vyApti se viziSTa (dhUma-hetu ) kA pakSadharmatA-jJAna ( pakSa-parvata meM rahane kA jJAna parAmarza hai| jaise-'yaha parvata vahnivyApya [ vahnibyAptiviziSTa ] dhUmavAlA hai' yaha jJAna parAmarza hai| isa parAmarza se utpanna hone vAlA 'parvata Aga vAlA hai' yaha jJAna anumiti hai| [vyApti kyA hai? ] 'jahA~ jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ vahA~ Aga hai' isa sAhacarya-niyama ( samAna adhikaraNa meM rahanA) ko vyApti kahate haiN| [ pakSadharmatA kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] vyApya ( vyAptiviziSTa dhUma Adi hetu) kA parvata ( pakSa) Adi meM rahanA pakSadharmatA hai|
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________________ 72 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vyAkhyA-anumAna pramANa hai aura anumiti pramA arthAt anumAna sAdhana ( karaNa ) hai aura anumiti phala ( sAdhya == jnyaan)| ataH anumiti ke karaNa ko anumAna kahA jAtA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki anumiti kA karaNa kyA hai? isake uttara meM prAcIna naiyAyika vyApti na ko karaNa mAnate haiM tathA navIna naiyAyika parAmarza ko| granthakAra annambhaTTa yahA~ navIna naiyAyikoM ke pakSa kA Azraya lekara 'parAmarza' ko anumiti kA karaNa mAnate hue kahate haiM 'parAmarzajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH' arthAt parAmarza hai 'anumAna pramANa' aura tajjanya jJAna hai 'anumiti'| prAcInoM ke mata meM 'parAmarza' vyApAra hai| aba prazna hai ki 'parAmarza' kA kyA artha hai? parAmarza zabda kA artha hai'vyApti se viziSTa hetu kA pakSa meM rahane kA jJAna' ( vyAptiviziSTapakSadharmatAjJAnaM parAmarzaH) arthAt sAdhya (vyApaka - agni Adi) ke sAtha niyatarUpa se rahane vAle sAdhana (vyApya-dhamAdi) kA sAdhyasthala (pakSaparvatAdi ) meM rahane kA jJAna parAmarza hai| nyAyadarzana meM anumAna ke pA~ca avayava mAne gaye haiM 1. pratijJA-parvato vahnimAn ( parvata meM Aga hai)| 2. hetu-dhUmavatvAt ( kyoMki parvata meM dhUma hai)| 3. udAharaNa-yo yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahnimAn yathA mahAnasam ( jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~-vahA~ Aga rahatI hai / jaise rasoIghara ) / 4. upanaya-tathA cAyam (yaha parvata bhI rasoIghara ke samAna vahnivyApya dhUmavAlA hai)| 5. nigamana-tasmAttathA ( ataH yaha parvata bhI Aga vAlA hai)| isa pA~ca avayava vAle udAharaNa meM parvata pakSa (jahA~ sAdhya siddha kiyA jAtA hai) hai| parvata meM Aga kI sattA sAdhya hai| dhama hetu (liGga) hai| rasoIghara sapakSa (prasiddha udAharaNasthala ) hai| dhUma aura Aga ke sAhacarya ko batalAne vAlA udAharaNa-vAkya vyApti hai| udAhata vyApti kI vizeSatA se viziSTa hetu (dhUma ) kA pakSa (parvata ) meM rahane kA pratipAdana karane vAlA vacana upanaya ( hetu kA upasaMhAra) anumAnalakSaNam ] [73 hai| 'pakSa ( parvata ) meM sAdhya ( Aga) kI sthiti abAdhita hai' aisA 'pratipAdaka vAkya nigamana (sAdhya kA upasaMhAra) hai| dhUma Adi hetu 'vyApya' hai / Aga Adi sAdhya 'vyApaka' hai| tapAye gaye lauhapiNDa meM Aga to hai, parantu dhUma nahIM hai| aisA hone para bhI jahA~ dhUma rahatA hai vahA~ Aga avazya rahatI hai| isa taraha vidhyAtmaka anumiti meM hetu * vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhya vyApaka / ina donoM ke sAhacarya-niyama ko hI vyApti kahate haiN| jahA~ sAdhya kA pahale se nizcaya rahatA hai use sapakSa kahate haiM, jaise rasoIghara / jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva kA nizcaya rahatA hai use vipakSa kahate haiM, jaise-tAlAba / hetu ko hI liGga kahate haiN| paJcamI yA tRtIyA vibhakti ke dvArA ise pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai| hetu ko pakSa aura sapakSa meM rahanA cAhie tathA vipakSa meM nahIM rahanA cAhie, tabhI sahI anumiti hotI hai| isakA vicAra Age kareMge / anumAnAdi kA svarUpa nimna hai anumAna pramANa--'anumitikaraNamanumAnam' jisase anumiti ho use anumAna kahate haiM / parAmarza ko Avazyaka mAnane vAle prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'vyAptijJAna' anumAna hai aura 'parAmarza' vyApAra / parantu navya naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'parAmarza' hI anumAna hai| ataH 'parAmarzajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH' kahA hai, yahA~ parAmarzajanya kA artha hai 'liGgaparAmarzajanya' / ataH granthakAra Age svayaM kahate haiM 'svArthAnumitiparArthAnumityoliGgaparAmarza eva karaNam / tsmaallinggpraamrsho'numaanm'| __ anumiti-'parAmarzajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH' liGgaparAmarza se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna anumiti hai| isakA AkAra hai 'parvato vahnimAniti jJAnam' 'parvata Aga vAlA hai' yaha jJAna anumiti hai| parAmarza-'vyAptiviziSTapakSadharmatAjJAnaM parAmarzaH' vyApti se viziSTa hetu kA pakSa meM rahane kA jJAna parAmarza hai| jaise-vahni kA vyApya (vyApti se viziSTa ) dhUma ( hetu) kA parvata ( pakSa) meM /
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________________ 74 ] [ tarkasaMgrahA rahane kA jJAna 'vahnivyApyadhumavAnayaM parvata iti jJAnaM parAmarzaH' arthAt vyAptiviziSTa hetu kA sAdhya-sthala parvatAdi meM rahane kA jJAna parAmarza hai| vyApti-'sAhacaryaniyamo vyAptiH' hetu aura sAdhya kA traikAlika sAhacarya-niyama vyApti hai| sAhacarya ko hI sAmAnAdhikaraNya ( eka , Azraya meM rahanA) aura avyabhicaritatva ( sAdhyA'bhAvavadavRttitvam - sAdhyAbhAva vAle sthala meM na rahanA ) bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha vyApti eka prakAra kA sAdhya aura sAdhana kA sambandha vizeSa hai|| yaha vyApti do prakAra kI hai-(ka) anvayavyAmi-isameM hetu ke " rahane para sAdhya kA sadbhAva batalAyA jAtA hai| ata: sAdhana (dhama) vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhya (agni) vyaapk| jaise-yatra tatra dhamastatra tatrA'gniH, yathA mahAnasam ( jahA~ jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ vahA~ Aga hai, jaise-rsoiighr)| (kha) vyatirekavyApti-isameM sAdhya ke abhAva se sAdhana kA abhAva batalAyA jAtA hai| ataH sAdhyAbhAva ( vayAbhAva) vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhanA'bhAva (dhUmAbhAva ) vyApaka hotA hai| jaise--yatra yatra vahnayAbhAvaH tatra tatra dhUmAbhAvaH, yathA jalahradaH (jahA~ jahA~ Aga kA abhAva hai vahA~ vahA~ dhUma kA abhAva hai, jaise-tAlAba Adi) / ayogolaka ( tapta lauhapiNDa ) meM Aga to hai parantu dhUma nahIM hai| ataH vyatirekavyApti meM sAdhanAbhAva se sAdhyAbhAva hotA hai aisA nahIM kaha sakate haiM, anyathA ayogolaka meM vyabhicAra (doSa) hogA kyoMki ayogolaka 'meM sAdhanAbhAva (dhUmAbhAva ) to hai parantu sAdhyAbhAva ( vahnayAbhAva ) nahIM hai / ataH vyatirekalyApti meM hamezA sAdhyAbhAva se sAdhanAbhAva batalAyA jAtA hai| pakSadharmatA--'vyApyasya parvatAdivattitvaM pakSadharmatA' vyApya (vyAptiviziSTa dhUma ) kA parvatAdi pakSa meM rahanA pakSadharmatA hai| hetu kI pakSadharmatA jAne binA vyApti bana hI nahIM sakatI hai| ataH anumAnabhedI] [ 75 sad hetu ko sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyaktatva ke sAtha pakSasatva bhI honA jarUrI hai| [anumAnaM katividham ? ] anumAnaM dvividham-svArtha parArthaM ca / svArthAnumAnasya kiM svarUpam ?] tatra svArtha svAnumitihetuH / tathAhi-svayameva bhUyodarzanena 'yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgni riti mahAnasAdau vyAptiM gRhItvA parvatasamIpaM gatastadgate cA'gnau sandihAnaH parvate dhUmaM pazyan vyApti smarati'yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgni' riti / tadanantaraM 'vahivyApyadhUmavAnayaM parvata' iti jJAnamutpadyate / ayameva liGgaparAmarza ityucyate / tasmAt 'parvato vahnimAn' iti jJAnamanumitirutpadyate / tadetatsvArthAnumAnam / [ parArthAnumAnasya kiM svarUpam ? ] yattu svayaM dhUmAdagnimanumAya paraM prati bodhayituM pazcAvayavavAkyaM prayujyate tat parArthAnumAnam / yathA 'parvato vahnimAn , dhUmavattvAt , yo yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahnimAn , yathA mahAnasam , tathA cAyam , tasmAttathA' iti / anena pratipAditAlliGgAtpa-- ro'pyagni pratipadyate / . anuvAda-[anumAna kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] anumAna do prakAra kA hai-svArthAnumAna aura praarthaanumaan| [svArthAnumAna kA kyA svarUpa hai ? ] unameM (svArtha aura parArtha anumAna meM) apanI anumiti ke hetu ko svArthAnumAna kahate haiN| jaise-svayaM hI bAra-bAra dekhane se 'jahA~ jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ vahA~ Aga hai' isa prakAra rasoIghara Adi meM vyApti ko jAnakara parvata ke pAsa gayA aura vahA~ sthita Aga meM sandeha karatA huA parvata meM dhUma ko dekhakara vyApti kA smaraNa karatA hai 'jahA~ jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ vahA~ Aga hai|' isake bAda 'yaha
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH anumAnabhedI ] [77. "parvata vahnivyApya dhUmavAlA hai' yaha jAna utpanna hotA hai| ise hI 'liGga-parAmarza' kahate haiN| isa parAmarza se 'parvata AgavAlA hai' aisA anumitijJAna utpanna hotA hai| yaha svArthAnumAna hai| [parArthA-numAna kA kyA svarUpa hai?] jo svayaM dhUma hetu se agni kA anumAna karake dUsare vyakti ko bodha karAne ke lie pAMca avayavoM vAle vAkya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai| jaise-'parvata / / 'Aga vAlA hai, kyoMki vaha dhUma vAlA hai, jo jo dhUma vAlA hai vaha / vaha Aga vAlA hai, jaise rasoIghara, vaisA hI yaha (parvata) bhI hai, ataH vaisA ( yaha parvata Aga vAlA) hai|' isa prakAra kahe gaye (pA~ca / avayavoM se yukta vAkya se pratipAdita) liGga ( hetu = dhUmAdi) se para (dUsarA vyakti) bhI agni ko jAna letA hai| vyAvyA-svArtha aura parArtha ke bheda se anumAna do prakAra kA hai| ina do bhedoM kA prathamata: ullekha prazastapAdabhASya meM milatA hai| inaphe kramazaH svarUpa nimna haiM (1) svArthAnumAna- 'svasya arthaH prayojanaM yasmAttat svArtham, svaprayojanaM ca svasyA'numeyapratipattiH' apanA prayojana jisase ho vaha hai 'svArtha' / isa taraha yahA~ bahubrIhi samAsa hogaa| sva-prayojana / (apanA prayojana ) kA artha hai-apane lie anumeya ( Aga Adi) / kA jJAna / arthAt jaba anumAna karane vAlA svayaM anumeya kA jJAna "prApta karatA hai to use svArthAnumAna kahate haiM / isa anumAna meM pratijJA Adi paMcAvayava-vAkya ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ataH nyAyabodhinI meM svArthAnumAna ko nyAya-aprayojya kahA hai 'svArthA-numAnaM nAma nyAyAprayojyAnumAnam, nyAyaprayojyAnUmAnaM parArthAnamAnam / nyAyatvaM ca pratijJAdyavayavapaJcakasamudAyatvam' yahA~ nyAya zabda kA artha hai-'pratijJAdi-paJcAvayavavAkya' / svArthAnumAna kI prakriyA annambhaTTa ne nimna prakAra se batalAI hai-sarvaprathama anumAtA parcata (pakSa) para dhama ko dekhatA hai| dhama dekhakara use parvata meM Aga ke hone kA saMdeha hotA hai| pazcAt pUrva gRhIta vyAptijJAna kA smaraNa hotA hai / isake bAda 'vahnivyApya dhUma vAlA yaha parvata hai' aisA jJAna utpanna hotA hai / yahI jJAna 'liGgaparAmarza' kahalAtA hai| isa liGgaparAmarzAtmaka jJAna se anumAtA ko 'isa parvata meM Aga hai' aisA jJAna paidA hotA hai| yahI svArthAnumiti kahalAtI hai| isa svArthAnumiti kA karaNa 'liGgaparAmarza' hI svArthAnumAna hai| isa liGgaparAmarza ko. tRtIya jJAna bhI kahate haiN| (2) parArthAnumAna-jo dUsare ke lie ho vaha hai 'parArtha', ataH jaba dUsare vyakti ko dhUmAdi hetu se agni Adi sAdhya kI anumati karAI jAtI hai to usa zrotA ko samajhAne ke lie pratijJAdi pAJcAvayava-vAkya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svArthAnumAna ke bAda hI saMbhava hai| isa taraha dUsare ko anumiti karAne ke lie. anumApayitA ke dvArA prayoga kiyA gayA pazcAvayava vAkya hI parArthAnumAna hai| isa paJcAvayava vAkya ko sunakara zrotA ko vyAptijJAna evaM parAmarza hotA hai| pazcAt vaha bhI 'yaha parvata Aga vAlA hai' aisI anumiti kara letA hai, arthAt paJcAvayava vAkya se pratipAdita liGga (dhUmAdi hetu) se dUsarA bhI parvata meM Aga ko samajha jAtA hai| yahA~ upacAra se paJcAvayava vAkya ko anumAna kahA gayA hai kyoMki vaha liGga-parAmarza ke prayojaka liGga kA pratipAdaka hai| isa taraha svArthAnumAna meM hama svayaM apane anubhava se anumAna kara lete haiM jabaki parArthAnumAna meM paJcAvayava vAkyaprayoga ke dvArA dUsare ke lie samajhAte haiN| anumAna ke pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodaSTa ye tIna bheda bhI batalAye jAte hai| (1) pUrvavat-kA artha hai 'kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna' / jaiseghane evaM kAle meghoM ko dekhakara varSA hone kA anumAna / (2) zeSavat' kA artha hai 'kArya se kAraNa kA anumaan'| isameM niSedhaparakaH
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________________ '78 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH paJcAvayavAH ] [79 vyatirekavyApti se anumAna hotA hai / jaise-zabda guNa hai, kyoMki vaha ke lakSaNa-prasaGga meM bhI kI gaI hai| 'parvato vahnimAn dhUmAt' isa na dravya hai aura na karma / (3) sAmAnyatodRSTa kA artha hai, kAraNa- anumAna meM pratijJAdi pA~ca avayava nimna prakAra hoMgekArya-sambandha ke AdhAra para parokSa padArtha kA anumAna / jaise (1) pratijJA-sAdhyavattayA pakSavacanaM pratijJA = vahni Adi 'AtmA hai, buddhi Adi guNoM kA adhiSThAna hone se|' inake sAdhya se yukta parvata Adi pakSa kA bodha karAne vAle vacana ko pratijJA svarUpa ke viSaya meM kucha antara bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kevalAnvayi, kahate haiN| jaise-'parvato vahnimAn' parvata Aga vAlA hai| kevalavyatireki aura anvayavyatireki ke bheda se bhI anumAna ke tIna (2) hetu-paJcamyantaM liGgapratipAdakaM vacanaM hetuHpaJcamyanta bheda kie jAte haiM / annambhaTTa ne ise hetu kA vibhAjana svIkAra kiyA ' ' liGga ke pratipAdaka vacana ko hetu kahate haiM / jaise-'dhUmAt' yA 'dhUmahai, anumAna kA nhiiN| isakA pratipAdana Age kreNge| vattvAt' (dhUma vAlA hone se)| prazna-kucha sthAnoM para dhUma aura Aga kA sAhacarya dekhakara (3) udAharaNa-vyAptipratipAdakaM vacanamudAharaNam = vyApti kAlikasambandhAvacchinna vyApti kaise bana sakatI hai ? samasta kA pratipAdana karane vAle vacana ko udAharaNa kahate haiN| jaise-'yo dhama evaM Aga vAle sthaloM ko hama dekha nahIM sakate haiM phira anumAna yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahnimAn, yathA-mahAnasaH (jo jo dhUmavAlA hai kaise hogA? vaha vaha AgavAlA hai, jaise-rasoIghara ) / ___ uttara--yaha saca hai ki hama traikAlika dhUma aura Aga ke sambandhoM (4) upanaya -vyAptiviziSTahatoH pakSadharmatApratipAdaka ko nahIM jAna sakate haiM parantu sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka alaukika vacanamupanayaH- vyApti kI vizeSatA se viziSTa dhumAdi hetu kA sannikarSa se vyAptijJAna ho jAtA hai| parvatAdi pakSa meM rahane kA pratipAdaka vacana upanaya hai| jaise-'vahni[paJcAvayavAH ke ?] pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayanigamanAni vyApyadhUmavAnayaM parvataH' (Aga se vyApya dhUmavAlA yaha parvata hai)| paJcAvayavAH / parvato vahnimAniti pratijJA / dhUmavatvAditi (5) nigamana-hetusAdhyavattayA pakSapratipAdakaM vacanaM nigama ....nam -hetu kI sAdhyavattA ke sAtha pakSapratipAdaka vacana nigamana hai| hetH| yo yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahimAnityudAharaNam / tathA / jaise-tasmAdvahvimAn parvataH' ( ataH parvata Aga vAlA hai)| cAyamityupanayaH / tasmAttatheti nigamanam / ina pAMcoM avayavoM ke kramazaH prayojana haiM-(1) pakSajJAna, __ anuvAda-[paJcAvayava kauna haiM ?] pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, . . (2) liGgajJAna, (3) vyAptijJAna, (4) pakSadharmatAjJAna aura upanaya aura nigamana ye pA~ca avayava haiN| 1. 'parvata Aga vAlA hai' yaha (5) abAdhitatvAdi / pratijJA hai| 2. 'dhUma vAlA hone se' yaha hetu hai| 3. 'jo jo dhUma darzana zAstra meM sabhI loga ina pA~ca avayavoM ko nahIM mAnate haiN| vAlA hai vaha vaha Aga vAlA hai' yaha udAharaNa hai| 4. 'vaisA hI jaise-mImAMmaka pratijJA, hetu aura udAharaNa ina tIna ko hI mAnate ( vahnivyApya dhUma vAlA) yaha (parvata) hai' yaha upanaya hai| 5. haiN| pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI tIna hI avayava mAne jAte haiM, parantu 'isIlie vaisA ( yaha parvata Aga vAlA ) hai' yaha nigamana hai| avayavoM ke krama evaM nAmAdi ke viSaya meM mImAMsakoM se matabheda hai| vyAkhyA-parArthAnumAna meM jisa paJcAvayava vAkya ko batalAyA kucha loga do hI avayava mAnate haiN| kucha dasa avayavoM kI bhI kalpanA gayA hai usake hI ye pA~ca avayava haiN| isakI sAmAnya carcA anumAna karate haiN|
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________________ 80] [ tarkasaMgrahaH udAharaNa do prakAra se saMbhava hai-vidhiparaka aura niSedhaparaka / [vidhiparaka ko anvayI aura niSedhaparaka ko vyatirekI kahate haiN| Upara diyA gayA udAharaNa vidhiparaka ( anvayI ) hai| niSedhaparaka (vyatirekI) udAharaNa usI anumAna meM hogA-'yatra yatra agnyA-- bhAvaH tatra tatra dhamAbhAvaH, yathA jalahadaH' jahA~ jahA~ Aga kA abhAva hai vahA~ vahA~ dhUma kA abhAva hai jaise-tAlAba / [svArthAnumitiparArthAnumityoH kiM karaNam ? ] svArthAnumitiparArthAnumityoliGgaparAmarza eva karaNam / tasmAlliGgaparAmarzo'numAnam / anuvAda---[ svArthAnumiti aura parArthAnumiti kA karaNa kyA hai ? ] svArthAnumiti aura parArthAnumiti meM liGgaparAmarza hI karaNa hai| ataeva liGgaparAmarza hI anumAna hai| ___ vyAkhyA-vahnivyApyadhUmavAn parvataH' athavA 'vahnivyApyo dhUmaH parvate' aisA liGgaparAmazatmika jJAna hI donoM prakAra kI anumitiyoM kA karaNa hai| ataeva liGgaparAmarza hI anumAna pramANa hai| yaha liGgaparAmarza tRtIya koTi kA jJAna hai-(1) rasoIghara Adi meM dhUma aura Aga kI vyApti ko grahaNa karane para jo dhUmajJAna hotA haiM / vaha prathama jJAna hai / (2) pakSa (parvatAdi) meM jo dhUmajJAna hotA hai vaha dvitIya jJAna hai| (3) pakSa ( parvata Adi ) meM hI vahni kI vyApti ke tyAzrayatvena jo dhUmajJAna hai vaha tRtIyajJAna (liGgaparAmarza ) hai| prazna-vyAptijJAna tathA pakSa-dharmatAjJAna se hI jaba anumati saMbhava hai to phira liGga-parAmarza ko pRthak kyoM mAnA gayA hai ? parAmarza to vyAptijJAna aura pakSadharmatAjJAna kA hI samuccaya hai|| uttara-dIpikA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki lAghava kI dRSTi se vyApti aura pakSadharmatAjJAna ina do ko kAraNa mAnane kI apekSA eka parAmarSa ko hI kAraNa mAnanA adhika ucita hai| kizca, 'vahni anumityoH karaNaM trINi liGgAni ca ] [810 vyApyadhUmavAnayam' isa zAbdaparAmarza ke sthala meM viziSTaparAmarza kI AvazyakatA hotI hI hai| ataeva parAmarza ko mAnanA Avazyaka hone se use hI karaNa mAnanA caahie| prazna-'jJayamAna liGga' ko karaNa mAnane meM kyA doSa hai ? uttara-aisA mAnane para kevala vartamAnakAlika liGga se hI anumiti hogI, atItAdikAlika liGga se nahIM, jabaki atItAdi'liGga se bhI anumiti dekhI jAtI hai| jaise-'iyaM yajJazAlA vahni-1 matI, atItadhUmAt' (yaha yajJazAlA AgavAlI hai, atItakAlIna dhama hone se)| 'jJAyamAna' zabda 'jJA' dhAtu se vartamAna kAla meM 'laT ke sthAna meM 'zAnac' pratyaya se banA hai| ataH liGga-parAmarza hI anumAna hai| [liGga katividham ? ] liGga trividham-anvayavyatireki, kevalAnvayi, kevalavyatireki ceti / [ anvayavyatirekiNaH kiM lakSaNam ? ] anvayena vyatirekeNa ca vyAptimadanvayavyatireki / yathA basau sAdhye dhUmavattvam / yatra dhUmastatrAgniryathA mhaansmitynvyvyaaptiH| yatra vahnirnAsti * taba dhUmo'pi nAsti, yathA hada iti vyatirekavyAptiH / [kevalAnvayinaH kiM lakSaNam 1] anvayamAtravyAptikaM kevalAnvayi / vathA ghaTo'bhidheyaH, prameyatvAtpaTavat / atra prameyatvAbhidheyatva'yorvyatirekavyAptirnAsti sarvasyApi prameyatvAdabhidheyatvAcca / [ kevalavyatirekiNaH kiM lakSaNama ? ] vyatirekamAtravyAptikaM kevalavyatireki / yathA pRthivItarebhyo bhidyate, gandhavatvAt / yaditarebhyo na bhidyate na tadgandhavat , yathA jalam / na ceyaM tathA / tasmAnna tatheti / atra yadgandhavat taditarabhinnamityanvayadRSTAnto nAsti, pRthivImAtrasya pakSatvAt /
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________________ [ tarkasaMgrahaH zrINi liGgAni ] [83 anuvAda-[ liGga kitane prakAra kA hai ? 1 liGga tIna prakAra kA hai-anvayavyatireki, kevalAnvayi aura kevalavyatireki / [anvayavyatireki liGga kA kyA svarUpa hai? 1 jisa lina meM anbaya aura vyatireka donoM vyAptiyA~ hoM use anvayavyatireki kahate haiM / jaiseAga ke sAdhya hone para 'dhUmavattva' / 'jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ Aga hai, jaise rasoIghara' yaha anvayavyApti hai| 'jahA~ Aga nahIM hai vahA~ dhUma bhA. nahIM hai, jaise sarovara' yaha vyatirekavyApti hai| [ kevalAnvayi liGga / kA kyA svarUpa hai ? ] jisameM kevala anvayavyApti ho use kevalAtvayi kahate haiN| jaise-ghar3A abhidheya ( vAcya) hai kyoMki vaha prameya hai, yathA paTa / yahA~ prameyatva aura abhidheyatva kI vyatireka.. vyApti nahIM hai kyoMki sabhI viSaya prameya evaM abhidheya haiN| [ kevalavyatireki liGga kA kyA svarUpa hai ?] jisameM kevala vyatirekavyApti ho vaha kevalavyatireki hai| jaise-pRthivI anya se bhinna hai, kyoMki gandhavatIhai, jo itara se bhinna nahIM hai vaha gandhavAlA nahIM hai, yathA jala / yaha vaisI ( jala ke samAna ) nahIM hai| ataH vaisI (gandhahIna) nahIM hai| yahA~ 'jo gandhavAlA hai vaha itara se bhinna hai' aisA anvayadRSTAnta nahIM hai kyoMki pRthivImAtra pakSa hai| vyAkhyA-liGga (anumApakaheta) tIna prakAra ke haiM--anvaya-1 vyatiriki, kevalAnvayi aura kevlvytireki| inheM hI kramazaH vidhi-niSedhaparaka, vidhiparaka evaM niSedhaparaka bhI kaha sakate haiN| tInoM ke svarUpa nimna haiM (1) anvayavyatireki--vaha hetu anvayavyatireki kahalAtA hai jisameM sAdhya ke sAtha anvayavyApti tathA vyatirekavyApti donoM hoN| jaise---'parvato vahnimAn dhUmavatvAt' arthAt parvata Aga vAlA hai, dhUmavAlA hone se' isa prasiddha sthala meM 'dhUmavattva' hetu anvayavyatireki hai kyoMki isakI sAdhya ke sAtha donoM prakAra kI vyAptiyAM saMbhava haiN| jaise-'jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ Aga hai, jaise rasoIghara' yaha anvaya vyApti hai| isameM hetu ke rahane para sAdhya kA sadbhAva siddha kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ hetu vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhya vyApaka / isa prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiN| jaise-devadattaH martyaH, manuSyatvAt, yo yo manuSyaH saH sa martyaH, yathA yajJadattaH, yatra yatra mAbhA manuSyatvAbhAvaH, yathA IzvaraH / (2) kevalAnvayi-jisa hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha vyatirekavyApti nahIM pAI jAtI, kevala anvayavyApti hotI hai, vaha hetu kevalAnvayi kahalAtA hai| jaise-'ghaTo'bhidheyaH prameyatvAt, paTavat' arthAt ghaTa abhidheya hai kyoMki vaha prameya hai. jaise paTa / yahA~ 'prameyatva' hetu kevalAnvayi hai kyoMki 'jahA~ jahA~ prameyatva hai vahA~ vahA~ abhidheyatva bhI hai, jaise-paTa' yaha anvayavyApti to bana jAtI hai parantu jahA~ jahA~ abhidheyatvAbhAva hai vahA~ vahA~ prameyatvAbhAva hai' yaha vyatirekavyApti nahIM bana pAtI kyoMki prameyatva aura abhidheyatva sabhI padArthoM meM hai aura usakA abhAva kahIM nahIM hai, phalasvarUpa vyatirekavyApti nahIM hai| ataH isa 'prameyatva hetu ko kebalAnvayi kaheMge / dIpikA TIkA meM kevalAnvayisAdhakaM liGgaM kevalAnvayi / atyantAbhAvapratiyogitvaM kevalAnvayitvam kahA hai, arthAt jisakA sAdhya kevalAnvayI ho vaha kevalAnvayi liGga kahalAtA hai, kiJca kevalAnvayi sAdhya vahI hotA hai jisakA atyantAbhAva kahIM bhI na mile| prastuta prameyatva hetu kA sAdhya jo 'abhidheyatva' hai usakA atyantA* bhAva kahIM nahIM hai, ataH prameyatva hetu kevalAnvayi hai| vastutva, vAcyatva, zeyatva Adi (gaganAbhAva Adi ) bhI kevalAnvayi hetu haiN| (3) kevalavyatireki-kebala vyatirekavyApti vAle liGga ko kevalavyatireki kahate haiN| yahA~ anvayavyApti saMbhava nahIM hai| jaise'pRthivI itarabhedavatI, gandhavattvAt' (pRthivI pRthivItara-jalAdi itara dravyoM se bhinna hai, gandhavatI hone se ) yahA~ anvayavyApti kA svarUpa hogA 'yatra yatra gandhavattvaM tatra tatra pRthivItarabhedaH' (jahA~ jahA~ gandhavattva hai vahA~ vahA~ pRthivItara bheda hai)| yaha anvayavyApti
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________________ pakSa-sapakSa-vipakSalakSaNAni ] [85 44 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH lakSaNam ? ] nizcitasAdhyA'bhAvavAn vipkssH| yathA tatraiva nahIM bana sakatI hai kyoMki gandhavAn sabhI padArtha pRthivItva meM hI A gaye haiN| ghaTAdi ko dRSTAnta banAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai kyoMki vaha mhaadH| bhI pRthivI hone ke kAraNa pakSa hI hai| jahA~ pRthivItaratva aura anuvAda-[pakSa kA kyA lakSaNa hai ] jahA~ sAdhya kA sandeha ho gandhAbhAva hai aise aneka dRSTAnta haiN| jaise 'yaditarebhyo na bhidyate na vaha pakSa hai| jaise dhUmavattva hetu meM parvata / [ sapakSa kA kyA lakSaNa tadgandhavat, yathA jalam' (jo pRthivItara jalAdi padArthoM se bhinna hai?] jahA~ sAdhya kA nizcaya ho vaha sapakSa hai| jaise vahIM para nahIM hai vaha gandhavAna nahIM hai, yathA jl)| isa taraha yahA~ vyatireka-.. (dhUmavattva hetu meM) mahAnasa (rsoiighr)| [vipakSa kA kyA vyApti spaSTa parilakSita ho rahI hai / ataH yahA~ gandhavattva hetu kevala lakSaNa hai ? ] jahA~ sAdhya kA abhAva nizcita ho| jaise vahIM para vyatireki hai| anya udAharaNa (1) 'jIvaccharIraM sAtmaka, prANAdi (dhUmavattva hetu meM jalAzaya / mattvAt, yannavaM tannavaM, yathA ghaTa:' (jIvita zarIra AtmA vAlA hai, vyAkhyA-sad hetu meM jina 5 guNoM kA honA Avazyaka batalAyA prANAdi se yukta hone ke kAraNa, jo prANAdi se yukta nahIM hai vaha gayA hai unameM se prathama tIna haiM--pakSa sattva, sapakSa sattva aura vipakSaAtmAvAlA nahIM hai, jaise ghtt)| (2) 'pratyakSAdikaM pramANamiti vyAvRtatva / ataH prazna hai ki pakSAdi kise kahate haiM? vyavahartavyaM pramAkaraNatvAt, yannaivaM tannaivaM yathA prtykssaabhaasH'| (3) pakSa-jisameM sAdhya ke maujada rahane kA saMdeha ho vaha pakSa 'vivAdAspadam AkAza iti vyavahartavyaM zabdavattvAt, yannavaM tannaivaM kahalAtA hai| jaise 'parvato vahnimAn dhUmavattvAt' isa anumiti sthala meM parvata pakSa hai kyoMki vahIM para 'parvata Aga vAlA hai yA nahIM yathA pRthivo'| kevalavyatireki hetu meM mImAMsakoM ke arthApatti pramANa kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| hai' yaha saMdeha hotA hai| isa lakSaNa ke virodha meM kahA jAtA hai ki hetu kA anya prakAra se bhI vibhAjana milatA hai, jaise- sAdharmya mAno koI vyakti so rahA hai, acAnaka bAdaloM kI gar3agar3AhaTa sanahetu aura vaidhayaM hetu| sadhetu ke pAMca guNa batalAye gaye haiM kara 'gaganaM meghavat dhanagarjanazravaNAt' (AkAza megha vAlA hai kyoMki (1) pakSadharmatva-pakSa meM rahanA, (2) sapakSatva-sapakSa meM rahanA, megha kA zabda sunAI par3a rahA hai ) yaha anumiti hotI hai| yahA~ soye hue vyakti ke lie saMdeha kA prazna nahIM hai| ataH nyAyabodhinIkAra (3) vipakSavyAvRti-vipakSa meM na rahanA, (4) abAdhitaviSayatva-- ne 'anumityuddezyatvaM pakSatvam' (jo anumiti meM uddezya ho arthAta anya balavattara pramANa se khaNDita na honA aura (5) asatprati jisa dharmI meM anumiti kI jAe ) lakSaNa kiyA hai| dIpikA meM bhI pakSasva-koI aisA kAraNa na ho jisase sAdhya kA abhAva siddha ho / " isI prakAra kI AzaGkA upasthita kI gaI hai jisakA tAtparya hai jaae| ye 5 lakSaNa anvayavyatireki hetu meM Avazyaka haiN| kevalA 'AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH' ityAdi nvayi meM tRtIya aura kevalavyatireki meM dvitIya ke hone kA prazna zrutivAkya (veda vAkya) ke zravaNa se hI sandeharahita AtmA kA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki vahA~ kramazaH vipakSa aura sapakSa hote hI nahIM haiN| jJAna ho jAne para bhI usake viSaya meM anumAnAdi karate haiM tathA [pakSasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] saMdigdhasAdhyavAn pakSaH / yathA anyatra bhI vahni Adi ke pratyakSa ho jAne para bhI anumAna karate haiM dhUmavatve hetau prvtH| [sapakSasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] nizcita sapakSa-jahA~ hameM pahale se hI sAdhya kA nizcaya rahatA hai| sAdhyavAn spkssH| yathA tatraiva mahAnasam / [vipakSasya kiM jaise ukta anumiti sthala meM hI samakSa hai 'rsoiighr'| isa taraha
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________________ hetvabhAsAH ] jJAna tathA taduttaravartI liGgaparAmarza ko roka rahA hai| anvayavyatireki sadhetU pakSadharmatva Adi pA~ca rUpoM se yukta hokara hI sAdhya ko siddha karane meM samartha hotA hai| ataH yadi inameM se kisI eka kI kamI hotI hai to sAmAnyataH pA~ca hetvAbhAsa hote haiM / jaise--pakSasattva ke abhAva meM Azrayasiddha aura svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hoNge| sapakSasattva ke abhAva meM asAdhAraNa savyabhicAra aura anupasaMhArI savyabhicAra hetvAbhAsa hoNge| vipakSAsattva hone para vyAtyatvAsiddha, viruddha aura mAdhAraNa savyabhicAra hetvAbhAsa hoNge| pratyakSAdi kisI balavattara pramANa se khaNDita hone para bAdhita hetvAbhAsa hogaa| samAna balavAna hetvantara ke rahane para satpratipakSa hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| udAharaNasahita hetvAbhAsoM ke avAntara prakAra nimna haiM [ tarkasaMgrahaH sapakSa anvayavyApti kA dRSTAnta hotA hai| ataH hetu ko pakSa meM rahanA caahie| vipakSa---jahA~ hameM sAdhya ke abhAva kA nizcaya pahale se hI rahatA hai| jaise ukta anumitisthala meM vipakSa hai 'jalAzaya' / vyatirekavyApti kA dRSTAnta vipakSa hI hotA hai| ataH hetu ko vipakSa meM na rahane vAlA honA caahie| [hetvAbhAsAH katividhAH 1] savyabhicAraviruddhasatprati-. pakSAsiddhabAdhitAH paJca hetvAbhAsAH / anuvAda-[hetvAbhAsa kitane prakAra ke haiM ? ] hetvAbhAsa pA~ca haiM-savyabhicAra, viruddha, satpratipakSa, asiddha aura baadhit| vyAkhyA-hetuvadAbhAsate hetvAbhAsaH' jo sad hetu to na ho parantu hetu kI taraha lage aise doSayukta hetu ko hetvAbhAma kahate haiN| dIpikA meM hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa diyA hai 'anumitipratibandhakayathArthajJAnaviSayatvam' (anumiti ke pratibandhaka yathArtha jAna ke viSaya hone ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / ise hI nyAyabodhinI tathA padakRtya meM ziSyazikSArtha 'anumititatkaraNA'nyatarapratibandhakayathArthajJAnaviSayatvam' (anumiti athavA usake karaNa parAmarza meM se kisI eka ke pratibandhaka yathArthajJAna kA viSaya honaa)| ___ isa taraha jisake jJAna se anumati athavA parAmarza ruka jAe vahI hai hetvAbhAsa doss| yaha niyama hai ki kisI vastu ke jJAna ke prati vahA~ usa vastu ke abhAva kA jJAna pratibandhaka hotA hai| jase-'hrado vahnimAn dhUmAt' (jalAzaya AgavAlA hai, dhUma hone se) meM 'jalAzaya Aga ke abhAva vAlA hai' isa prakAra kA jJAna "hrado vahnimAn' isa anumati ke prati pratibandhaka hai| isa taraha yahA~ pratyakSabAdha nAmaka doSa hai| savyabhicAra nAmaka doSa anumiti kA sAkSAt pratibandhaka nahIM hai apitu anumiti ke karaNa parAmarza kA pratibandhaka hai| jaise dhUmavAn vahnaH' meM vahni hetu 'dhUmAbhAva ke adhikaraNa tapta lauha piNDa meM rahatA hai' aisA vyabhicArajJAna vyApti hetvAbhAsa savyabhicArI viruddha satpratipakSa asiddha bAdhita anekAntika] (zabdo nityaH [prakaraNasama] [ kAlAtyayAkRtakatvAt ) (zabdo nityaH padiSTa yA thaavnntvaat| sopAdhika] (vahniranuSNo sAdhAraNa asAdhAraNa anupasaMhArI dravyatvAt ) (parvato (zabdo (sarvamanityaM vahnimAn nityaH prameyatvAt ) dhUmAt ) zabdatvAt ) AzrayAsiddha svarUpA0 vyApyatvA0 (gaganAra vindaM (zabdo guNara- (parvato surabhi avindatvAt ) cAkSuSatvAt ) dhUmavAn vahna:) /
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________________ hetvAbhAsAH] [89 bhI kahate haiM ) hai| sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa aura anupasaMhArI ke bheda se vaha tIna prakAra kA hai| inameM ( savyabhicAra hetvAbhAsa ke tIna bhedoM meM) jo sAdhyAbhAva ke adhikaraNa meM rahane vAlA hai vaha sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hai| jaise 'parvata Aga vAlA hai, prameya ( jJeya ) hone se' yahA~ prameyatva hetu Aga ke abhAvavAle adhikaraNa sarovara meM rahane se sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hai| [ asAdhAraNa kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] jo sabhI sapakSoM tathA vipakSoM meM na rahakara kevala pakSa meM rahe use asAdhAraNa kahate haiN| jaise-'zabda nitya hai, zabdatva hone se'| yahA~ zabdatva sabhI sapakSa nityoM (AkAzAdi) aura vipakSa anityoM (ghaTAdi) meM na rahakara kevala pakSa zabda meM rahatA hai| [anupasaMhArI kA kyA lakSaNa hai?] anvaya aura vyatireka ke daSTAnta se rahita anupasaMhArI hai| jaise-'saba anitya hai prameyatva hone se'| yahA~ saba padArthoM ke pakSa hone se dRSTAntasthala hI nahIM hai| 88 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH kisI eka hetu meM eka se lekara pA~coM doSa bhI ho sakate haiN| jaise 'vAyurgandhavAn snehAt' (vAyu meM gandha hai, sneha guNa hone se ), yahA~ pA~coM doSa haiN| 'hrado vahnimAn dhUmAt' / sarovara AgavAlA hai, dhUma hone se ), yahA~ satpratipakSa, svarUpAsiddha aura bAdhita ye tIna doSa haiN| isI prakAra 'parvato dhUmavAn vahnaH' (parvata dhUma vAlA hai, Aga hone se) meM sAdhAraNa savyabhicAra aura vyApyatvAsiddha ye do doSa haiN| Age ke vivecana se yaha saba spaSTa ho jaayegaa| eka sAtha eka ' ' hetu meM ekAdhika doSoM ke rahane ke kAraNa savyabhicAra Adi 5 bheda hetu ke doSa haiM, na ki duSTa hetu ke pA~ca prakAra haiN| vaizeSika mUlataH tIna hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM-savyabhicAra, viruddha aura asiddh| ye. satpratipakSa aura bAdhita ko AzrayAsiddha aura savyabhicAra ke antargata mAnate haiN| [savyabhicArasya kiM lakSaNaM, katividhazca saH1 ] svybhicaaro'naikaantikH| sa trividhaH-sAdhAraNA'sAdhAraNAnupasaMhAribhedAt / [sAdhAraNasya kiM lakSaNam 1] tatra sAdhyAbhAvavadvRttiH sAdhAraNo'naikAntikaH / yathA parvato vahnimAn prameyatvA- / diti / atra prameyatvasya vaDyabhAvavati hRde vidyamAnatvAt / / / [ asAdhAraNasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] sarvasapakSavipakSavyAvRtaH pakSamAtravRttirasAdhAraNaH / yathA zabdo nityaH zabdatvAditi / zabdatvaM hi sarvebhyo nityebhyo'nityebhyazca vyAvRtaM zabdamAtravRtti / [ anupasaMhAriNaH kiM lakSaNama ? ] anvyvytirekdRssttaantrhitojnupsNhaarii| yathA sarvamanityaM prameyatvAditi / / atra sarvasyApi pakSatvAd dRSTAnto nAsti / anuvAda-[ savyabhicAra kA kyA lakSaNa hai aura vaha kitane prakAra kA hai? ] savyabhicAra anaikAntika ( savyabhicAra ko anekAntika vyAkhyA-savyabhicAra ko anaikAntika bhI kahate haiN| kaNAda ne ise saMdigdha kahA hai kyoMki isa hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi aura sAdhyAbhAva kI siddhi donoM hotI haiM / 'sAdhAraNA'sAdhAraNA'nupasaMhAryanyatamatvaM savyabhicAratvam' (sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa evaM anupasaMhArI meM anyatamatva savyabhicAra hai aisA bhI lakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa hetvAbhAsa ke tIna bheda kie gaye haiM 1)sAdhAraNa anekAntika--annambhadra ne isakA lakSaNa batalAyA hai-'sAdhya ke abhAvavAle adhikaraNa meM rahane vAlA' ( sAdhyAbhAvavavattiH) / parantu isakA tAtparya hai sAdhya ke adhikaraNoM aura sAdhyAbhAva ke adhikaraNoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vaalaa| ataeva ise pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa tInoM meM rahane vAlA kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa kA artha hI hai jo sabhI sthaloM meM rhe| 'sAdhyAbhAva vAle adhikaraNa meM bhI rahanA' yahI isakA mukhya nirNAyaka tattva hai kyoMki pakSa aura sapakSavRttitA to sadahetu meM bhI Avazyaka hai / jaise-'parvato
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________________ 90] hetvAbhAsaH ] [ 9.10 [ tarkasaMgrahaH vahnimAn prameyatvAt' (parvata Aga vAlA hai, kyoMki prameya hai)| yahA~ prameyatva hetu pakSa parvata, mapakSa rasoIghara Adi tathA vipakSa sarovara Adi meM rahane se sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hai| aisA hetu vipakSa meM bhI rahane se ativyApti doSa kA janaka hotA hai| anya udAharaNa'zabdo nityaH prameyatvAt / viruddha meM ativyApti-vAraNArtha annambhaTTa ke aura vipakSa bacatA hI nahIM hai| jaise-'sarvamanityaM prameyatvAt' (sabhI anitya haiM kyoMki prameya haiN)| yahA~ 'sarvam' meM sabhI padArtha pakSa bana gaye hai| lakSaNa meM kevalAnvayi meM ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'anvaya' pada diyA hai tathA kevalavyatireki meM ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'vyatireka' pada diyA gayA hai| [viruddhasya kiM lakSaNam ?] sAdhyAbhAvavyApto hetuviruddhaH / yathA---zabdo nityaH kRtakatvAditi / atra kRtakatvaM hi nityatvA'bhAvenA'nityatvena vyAptam / anuvAda-[viruddha kA kyA lakSaNa hai? ] jo hetu sAdhya ke. abhAva meM vyApta ho use viruddha kahate haiN| jaise-'zabda nitya hai, kAryatva hone se' / yahA~ kRtakatva ( kAryatva ) hetu nityatva ke abhAva anityatva se vyApta hai| 'pakSavRttitva' jor3anA hogaa| isa taraha pUrA lakSaNa hogA--pakSasapakSavRttitvaviziSTasAdhyAbhAvavadvRttitvaM sAdhAraNatvam / (2) asAdhAraNa anaikAntika-sapakSa aura vipakSa meM na rahate hae jo kevala pakSa meM rahe vaha asAdhAraNa hai| pakSa meM rahanA aura vipakSa meM na rahanA yaha to sadhetu ke lie Avazyaka hai parantu sapakSa meM na rahanA isakA mukhya doSAdhAyaka tattva hai| ataH aisA hetu sabhI lakSya sthaloM meM na rahane se avyApti doSa kA janaka hotA hai| kevavyatireki hetu meM sapakSa hotA hI nahIM hai, ataH usake yahA~ rahane aura na rahane kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| isa taraha asAdhAraNa kA artha hai 'pakSa ke atirikta sthaloM meM kahIM na rahanA' / jaise- 'zabdo' nityaH zabdatvAt' ( zabda nitya hai, kyoMki usameM zabdatva ) hai| yahA~ zabdatva hetu kevala pakSa zabda meM hI rahatA hai, yaha na to sapakSabhUta AtmAdi nitya dravyoM meM rahatA hai aura na vipakSabhUta ghaTAdi anitya dravyoM meM rahatA hai| anya udAharaNa-'pRthivI nityA gandhavattvAt gRthivItvAdvA / jalaM ninya jalatvAt' aadi| kevalavyatireki meM lakSaNa kI ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'tadbhinnatva' kahA jAtA hai 'kevalavyatirekibhinnatve sati sarvasamakSavipakSavyAvRtatve ca sati pakSamAtravRttitvam asaadhaarnntvm'| (3) anupasaMhArI anaikAntika--jisakA na to anvayavyAptigrAhaka (sapakSa) dRSTAnta mile aura na vyatirekavyAptigrAhaka (vipakSa ) dRSTAnta mile 'anvayavyatirekadRSTAntarahito'nupasaMhArI' / isa taraha ke sthala meM pakSa meM sabhI padArtha A jAte haiM jisase sapakSa vyAkhyA ... sAdhyAbhAvavyApto hetaviruddhaH' jo hetU sAdhyAbhAvavyApta ho arthAt jahA~ hetu rahe vahA~ sAdhya kA abhAva bhI rahe vahI viruddha hetvAbhAsa (sAdhya virodhI hai| satpratipakSa meM ativyApti' vAraNArtha 'satpratipakSabhinna pada jor3anA caahie| isa taraha viruddha hetu se hama jo siddha karanA cAhate haiM umage ulTA hI siddha ho jAtA hai, jaise- zabdo nityaH kRtakatvAt' (zabda nitya hai kyoMki usameM kRtakatva hai)| yahA~ kRtakatva (janyatva) hetu se anityatA kI siddhi ho rahI hai, na ki nityatva kii| isa taraha kRtakatva hetu sAdhya nityatva se viparIta anityatva meM vyApta hone se viruddha hai| antara-(1) viruddha kabhI bhI sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai jabaki sAdhAraNa anaikAntika sapakSa meM bhI rahatA hai| (2) viruddha vipakSa meM rahatA hai jabaki asAdhAraNa anekAntika vipakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai| (3) anupasaMhArI meM vyApti ghaTita nahIM hotI jabaki viruddha meM vyAptisAdhyAbhAva ko siddha karane vAlI hotI hai| ( 4 ) satpratipakSa
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________________ hetvAbhAsAH ] [ 92 __ +92] [ tarkasaMgrahaH meM dUsare hetu se sAdhyAbhAva jJAta hotA hai jabaki viruddha meM prathama hetu se hI sAdhyAbhAva jJAta ho jAtA hai| [satpratipakSasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] yasya sAdhyAbhAvasAdhakaM hetvantaraM vidyate sa satpratipakSaH / yathA-zabdo nityaH zrAvaNatvAcchabdatvavat / zabdo'nityaH kAryatvAddhaTavat / anuvAda-[ satpratipakSa kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] jisake sAdhyA'bhAva kA sAdhaka dUsarA hetu vidyamAna ho vaha satpratipakSa hai| jaise*zabda nitya hai zrAvaNatva hone ke kAraNa, zabdatva ke smaan| sAdhyAbhAva kA sAdhaka hetvantara hogA zabda anitya hai kArya hone " / -ke kAraNa, ghaTa ke samAna / vyAkhyA-vasya sAdhyAbhAvasAdhakaM hetvantaraM vidyate sa satprati* pakSaH' jisa hetU ke sAdhya ke abhAva ko siddha karane vAlA dusarA hetU ho vaha satpratipakSa hai| isameM eka hetu sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai to .. dusarA sAdhyabhAva kii| donoM hetu eka samAna bala vAle hote haiM jisase 'nirNaya nahIM ho pAtA hai, isIlie donoM hI satpratipakSa hetu kahe jAte haiN| ise gautama ne prakaraNasama (nirNaya samAna ) kahA hai| satpratipakSa 'zabda kA bhI artha hai jisakA pratipakSI ( virodhI) maujUda ho| jaise---'zabdo nityaH zrAvaNatvAcchabdatvavat' (zabda nitya hai kyoMki usameM zrAvaNatva hai, jaise zabdatva ) / yahA~ isakA tulya balavAna hetu hai / 'zabdo'nityaH kAryatvAddhaTavat' (zabda anitya hai, kyoMki usameM kAryatva / / hai, jaise ghtt)| satpratipakSa zabda doSavAcI bhI hai aura duSTavAcI bhii| jaise-'san pratipakSaH satpratipakSaH' yaha vigraha doSavAcI hai * tathA 'san pratipakSo yasya sa satpratipakSaH' yaha vigraha duSTavAcI hai| antara-(1) viruddha meM jo hetu sAdhya ke sAdhaka ke rUpa meM "prastuta kiyA jAtA hai vahI sAdhyAbhAva ko siddha karatA hai jabaki satpratipakSa meM dUsarA hetu sAdhyAbhAva kA sAdhaka hotA hai| (2) bAdhita meM balavattara pramANa (pratyakSa aura zruti pramANa balavattara haiM) se sAdhyAbhAva siddha kiyA jAtA hai jabaki satpratipakSa meM samAna' bala vAle ( anumAnAntara) se sAdhyAbhAva siddha kiyA jAtA hai| bAdhita meM nirNaya hotA hai satpratipakSa meM nahIM hotA hai / jaise koI kahe.' 'Aga zItala hai' yahA~ pratyakSa bAdhA se agni meM zItalAbhAva kI siddhi ho rahI hai| [asiddhaH katividhaH 1] asiddhavividhaH-AzrayAsiddhaHsvarUpAsiddhaH vyApyatvAsiddhazceti / [AzrayAsiddhasya kiM. lakSaNam ?] AzrayAsiddho yathA--gaganAravindaM surabhi, aravindatvAt sarojAravindavat / atra gaganAravindamAzrayaH sa ca nAstyeva / [svarUpAsiddhasya kiMrUpam 1] svarUpAsiddho yathAzAbdo guNazcAkSuSatvAt / atra cAkSuSatvaM zabde nAsti zabdasya: zrAvaNatvAt / [vyApyatvAsiddhaH kaH kiJcopAdhisvarUpam ?] sopAdhiko heturvyaapytvaa'siddhH| sAdhyavyApakatve sati sAdhanAvyApakatvamupAdhitvam / sAdhyasamAnAdhikaraNA'tyantA'-- bhAvA'pratiyogitvaM sAdhyavyApakatvam / sAdhanavaniSThA'tyantA'--- bhAvapratiyogitvaM sAdhanAdhyApakatvam / yathA parvato dhUmavAn vatimattvAdityatrA''TTaindhanasaMyoga upaadhiH| tathAhi-yatra dhUmastatrA''nendhanasaMyoga iti sAdhyavyApakatvam / yatra vahnistatrA''rdaindhanasaMyogo nAsti, ayogolake AIndhanasaMyogAubhAvAditi sAdhanA'vyApakatvam / evaM sAdhyavyApakatve sati' sAdhanA'vyApakatvAdADaindhanasaMyoga upaadhiH| sopAdhikatvA-- dvAmitvaM vyApyatvA'siddham /
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________________ 94 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH hetvAbhAsAH] [95 AzrayAsiba hai ? ] ke kI anuvAda-[ asiddha kitane prakAra kA hai ? ] asiddha tIna prakAra kA hai AzrayAsiddha, svarUpAsiddha aura vyaapytvaasiddh| [AzrayAsiddha kA kyA lakSaNA hai? ] AzrayAsiddha, jaise-'AkAza kamala sugandhita hai kamala hone se sarovara ke kamala ke samAna / ' yahA~ AkAza-kamala Azraya (pakSa ) hai aura vaha hai hI nhiiN| [ svarUpAsiddha kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] svarUpAsiddha, jaise-'zabda guNa hai, cAkSuSa hone ke kaarnn|' yahA~ zabda meM cAkSuSatva nahIM hai kyoMki zabda kAnoM se grAhya hai| [vyApyatvAsiddha kyA hai aura upAdhi kA kyA svarUpa hai? ] upAdhi se yukta hetu ko vyApyatvAsiddha kahate haiN| jo sAdhya kA vyApaka hokara sAdhana / hetu) kA avyApaka ho vaha upAdhi hai| sAdhyabyApakatva kA artha hai 'sAdhya ke adhikaraNa meM rahane vAle atyantAbhAva kA jo pratiyogI na ho| sAdhanAvyApakatva kA artha hai 'jo hetu ke adhikaraNa meM rahane vAle atyantAbhAva kA pratiyogI ho|' jaise-'parvata dhUma vAlA hai, AgavAlA hone se' yahA~ 'Ardra (gIlA)-indhanasaMyoga' upAdhi hai| jaise ....'jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ AIndhanasaMyoga hai' yaha sAdhyavyApakatva hai| 'jahA~ Aga hai vahA~ AndhanasaMyoga nahIM hai kyoMki (ayogolaka Aga se lAla hue garma lohe) meM AIndhanasaMyoga kA abhAva hai' yaha sAdhana-avyApakatva hai| isa prakAra sAdhyavyApaka hokara sAdhana-avyApaka hone se 'ArTendhanasaMyoga' upAdhi hai| sopAdhika hone se 'vahnimattva' vyApyatvAsiddha hai| (1) AzrayAsiddha-pakSatAvacchedakaviziSTapakSAprasiddhiH' yA pakSatAvacchedakA'bhAvavatpakSakatvam' arthAt pakSatAvacchedaka-pakSatva se viziSTa pakSa kA aprasiddha honA yA pakSatAvaccheka-pakSatva ke abhAva vAlA pakSa hai jisa hetu kA vaha AzrayAsiddha hai| ataH pakSa meM pakSatAvacchedaka dharma kA na rahanA AzrayAsiddha hai, jaise-'gaganAvindaM surabhi, aravindatvAt' (AkAza kamala sugandhita hai kyoMki kamala hai, yahA~ pakSa hai 'gaganAravinda' tathA pakSatAvacchedaka hai 'ggniiytv'| yaha gaganIyatva' aravinda meM nahIM hai kyoMki AkAza meM kamala nahIM khilatA hai| isa taraha pakSa ( Adhaya) ke asiddha hone se athavA pakSa meM pakSatAvacchedaka dharma gaganIyatva kA abhAva hone se 'aravindatva hetu AzrayAsiddha hai| isa udAharaNa meM aravinda aura gagana donoM pRthak-pRthak to prasiddha haiM, parantu gaganIyatva se viziSTa aravinda prasiddha nahIM hai| (2) svarUpAsiddha-pakSa meM hetu kA na rahanA hI svarUpAsiddha hai 'pakSe hetvabhAvaH / jaise-'zabdo guNazcAkSuSatvAt' / zabda guNa hai kyoMki cAkSuSa hai)| yahA~ cAkSuSatva svarUpAsiddha hetu hai kyoMki zabda kAna se sunA jAtA hai, na ki A~kha se dekhA jAtA hai| isa taraha cAkSuSatva hetu pakSa zabda meM nahIM rahatA hai arthAt hetu meM pakSadharmatA nahIM hai| AzrayAsiddha meM pakSa hI asiddha rahatA hai jabaki svarUpAsiddha meM pakSa ddhi nahIM hotA apitu pakSa meM hetu kA sadbhAva asiddha hotA hai| ataH donoM meM antara hai| svarUpAsiddha ke cAra bheda kie jAte haiM, jaise-(1) zuddhA'siddha (jaise-zabdo guNaH cAkSuSatvAt ), (2) bhAgA'siddha (pakSa ke eka deza meM na rahanA, jaise-'udbhUtarUpAdicatuSTayaM guNaH, rUpatvAt ), (3) vizeSaNA'siddha (vAyuH pratyakSaH, rUpavatve sati sparzavattvAt ) aura (4) vizeSyAsiddha ( vAyuH pratyakSaH, sparzavatve sati rUpavatvAt ) / (3) vyApyatvAsiddha-upAdhiyukta hetu ko vyApyatvAsiddha kahate haiM 'sopAdhiko hetuH' / jaise-'parvato dhUmavAn vahnimatvAt' parvata dhUma vyAkhyA-asiddha ko 'sAdhyasama' bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yahA~ hetu sAdhya ke samAna saMdigdha hotA hai| asiddha kA sAmAnya artha hai 'sAdhyavyApya hetU kA pakSa meM na rahanA' / isakA lakSaNa mUla meM nahIM diyA hai| TIkA meM isakA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai 'AzrayAsiddhAdyanyatamatvam' (AzrayAsiddha Adi tIna meM se koI ek)| asiddha ke tIna bheda haiM-AzrayAsiddha (pakSa meM doSa), svarUpAsiddha (hetu meM doSa ) aura vyApyatvAsiddha (vyApti meM doss)|
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________________ [ tarka saMgrahA vAlA hai kyoMki AgavAlA hai| yahA~ 'AndhanasaMyoga' upAdhi hai kyoMki dhUma vahIM hotA hai jahAM gIle indhana kA saMyoga ho / ayogolaka Adi meM Aga to rahatI hai parantu dhUma nahIM rahatA hai kyoMki vahA~ AndhanasaMyoga nahIM hai| ataH yaha vahnimattva hetu upAdhiyukta hone se vyApyatvAsiddha hai| prazna-upAdhi kise kahate haiM ? uttara-'sAdhyavyApakatve sati sAdhanAvyapakatvamupAdhiH' jo sAdhya kA vyApaka aura hetu kA avyApaka hotA hai vaha upAdhi hai| sAdhya kA vyApaka vaha haiM-jisakA abhAva sAdhya ke adhikaraNa meM nahIM milatA / sAdhana ( hetu ) kA avyApaka vaha hai jisakA abhAva sAdhana ( hetu) ke adhikaraNa meM pAyA jAtA hai| ise hI pAribhASika zabdAvali meM kahA jAtA hai-sAdhyasamAnAdhikaraNAtyantAbhAvApratiyogitvAM sAdhyavyApakatvam / sAdhanavaniSThAtyantAbhAva-pratiyogitvaM sAdhanAvyApakatvam', jaise-'parvato dhUmavAn vahnaH' (parvata dhUmavAlA hai kyoMki Aga hai)| yahA~ sAdhya hai 'dhama' aura usakA adhikaraNa (Azraya ) hai parvata, usameM (parvata meM ) ghaTAbhAva hai, ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogi hai 'ghaTa' aura apratiyogi hai 'aardvndhn-sNyog'| yahI hai upAdhi kA saadhyvyaapktv| isI prakAra yahA~ sAdhana ( hetu ) hai 'Aga' usakA adhikaraNa hai 'ayogolaka' (saMtapta lauhapiNDa), usameM ( ayogolaka meM ) rahane vAlA abhAva hai 'andhanasaMyogAbhAva' aura usa abhAva kA pratiyogI hai 'aardaindhnsNyog'| yahI hai upAdhi kA saadhnaavyaapktv| isa prakAra jahA~ 'dhUma hai vahA~ AIndhanasaMyoga hai, ataH Adrandhana-saMyoga sAdhya dhUma kA vyApaka hai| jahA~ sAdhana Aga hai vahA~ ArTendhanasaMyoga niyata nahIM hai, ataH ayogolakastha Aga meM ArdvandhanasaMyoga ke na rahane se sAdhanAvyApakatva hai| isa upAdhi ke tIna bheda kie jAte haiM-(1) kevala sAdhyavyApaka (jo sAdhya ke sAtha sadA rahatI,) hai (2) pakSadharmAvacchinna hetvAbhAsA: ] [ 97 sAdhyavyApaka ( jo pakSadharmAvacchinna sAdhya ke sAtha rahatI hai aura (3) sAdhanAvacchinnasAdhyavyApaka ( jo sAdhanAvacchinna sAdhya ke sAtha rahatI hai)| inake kramazaH udAharaNa haiM-(1) 'parvato dhUmavAn vahna' meM 'ArdvandhanasaMyoga' upAdhi hai| kratvantarvatinI hiMsA adharmajanikA, hiMsAtvAt' ( yajJa ke bhItara hone vAlI hiMsA adharma ko paidA karane vAlI hai, hiMsAtva hone se ) yahA~ niSiddhatva' upAdhi hai| (2) 'vAyuH pratyakSaH, pratyakSasparzAzrayatvAt' ( vAyu pratyakSa hai, pratyakSa sparza kA Azraya hone se)| yahA~ 'udbhUtarUpavattva' upAdhi hai| (3) 'dhvaMso vinAzI janyatvAt' (dhvaMsa vinAzI hai, janya hone se)| | ' yahA~ 'bhAvatva' upAdhi hai| garbhastho mitrAtanayaH zyAmaH, mitrAtana yatvAt' ( garbhastha mizrA kA putra kAlA hai, mitrA kA putra hone se)| yahA~ 'zAkapAka-janyatva' upAdhi hai| dIpikA TIkA meM cAra prakAra kI upAdhiyA~ haiN| caturtha kA nAma hai-udAsInadharmAvacchinnasAdhyavyApaka, jaise-'prAgabhAvo vinAzI prmeytvaat| yahA~ janyatvAvacchinnAnityatva kI 'bhAvatva' upAdhi hai| janyatva na sAdhana hai aura na pakSadharma, apitu eka udAsIna dharma hai| [bAdhitasya kiM lakSaNam ? ] yasya sAdhyAbhAvaH pramANA. ntareNa pakSe nizcitaH sa baadhitH| yathA vahniranuSNo dravyatvA diti / atrAnuSNatvaM sAdhyaM tadabhAva uSNatvaM spArzanapratyakSeNa gRhyata iti bAdhitatvam / anuvAda--[ bAdhita kA kyA lakSaNa hai ?] jisake ( jisa hetu ke ) sAdhya kA abhAva pramANAntara se pakSa meM nizcita ho vaha ( hetu) bAdhita hai| jaise-Aga zItala hai, dravyatva hone ke kaarnn| yahA~ sAdhya hai zItalatA (anuSNatva) aura usakA abhAva jo uSNatva hai, vaha spArzana pratyakSa se siddha hai, ataH ( yaha dravyatva hetu) bAdhita hai| vyAkhyA---jahA~ anumAna pramANa se bhinna kisI anya balavattara pratyakSAdi pramANa se sAdhyAbhAva kA nizcaya ho jAye vahA~ bAdhita
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________________ upamAnapramANam ] 98] [ tarkasaMgrahaH hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| jaise-'vahniranuSNaH' meM Aga kI anuSNatA (zItalatA ) spArzana pratyakSa se bAdhita hai kyoMki spArzana pratyakSa se Aga kI uSNatA jJAta hai| satpratipakSa meM tulyabala vAlA dUsarA anumAna prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, yahA~ aisA nahIM hai| bAdhita ko kAlAtyayApadiSTa bhI kahA jAtA hai| prazna-kisa hetvAbhAsa se kyA pratibandhita hotA hai ? uttara-dIpikA TIkA meM batalAyA hai ki sAdhyAbhAva kA nizcaya karAne ke kAraNa bAdhita tathA virodhI jJAna karAne ke kAraNa satpratipakSa anumiti meM sAkSAt pratibandhaka haiM, zeSa parAmarza meM / inameM bhI sAdhAraNa, viruddha tathA vyApyatvAsiddha vyAptijJAna maiM, AzrayAsiddha tathA:svarUpAsiddha pakSadharmatAjJAna meM pratibandhaka haiN| vyabhicArajJAna ke dvArA upAdhi bhI vyAptijJAna meM pratibandhaka hai| [ anumAna pramANa pariccheda samApta ] (ga) athopamAnapramANaparicchedaH [upamAnapramANasya kiM lakSaNam , upamitizca kA ? ] upamitikaraNamupamAnam / saMjJA-saMjJisaMbandhajJAnamupamitiH / tatkaraNaM sAdRzyajJAnam / atidezavAkyArthasmaraNamavAntaravyApAraH / tathAhi-kazcid gavayazabdavAcya( padArtha )-majAnan katazcidAraNyakapuruSAta 'gosadRzo gavaya iti zrutvA vana gatA vAkpArtha smaran gosadRzaM piNDaM pazyati / tadanantaraM 'asau (ayam ) gavayazabdavAcya' ityupamitirutpadyate / / anuvAda-[ upamAna kA kyA lakSaNa hai tathA upamiti kA kyA svarUpa hai? ] upamiti ke karaNa ko upamAna kahate haiN| saMjJA aura saMjJI (pada aura padArtha) ke sambandha kA jJAna upamiti hai| usa upamiti kA karaNa hai 'saadRshyjnyaan'| prAmANika vyakti ke dvArA kahe hue vAkya ke artha kA smaraNa hai 'avAntara vyApAra' / jaise-koI *gavaya' zabda ke artha ko na jAnatA haA kisI banecara puruSa se 'gavaya gAya ke samAna hotA hai' aisA sunakara bana meM gayA aura vahAM usa vAkya ke artha kA smaraNa karatA huA gAya ke samAna kisI [zarIra] piNDa ko dekhatA hai, pazcAt 'yaha gavaya zabda kA vAcya hai' aisI upamiti utpanna hotI hai| * vyAkhyA-'upamiti' kA kAraNa hai 'upamAna' / saMjJA-saMjJI ( pada aura padArtha) ke sambandha kA jJAna hai 'upamiti', sAdRzyajJAna (sAdRzyaviziSTapiNDajJAna) hai 'karaNa', 'atidezavAkyArthasmaraNa' hai 'vyApAra tathA isakA phala hai 'upamiti' / upamiti-'saMjJA-saMjJisambandhajJAnamupamitiH' saMjJA (pada) aura saMjJI (padArtha) ke vAcyavAcaka bhAvarUpa sambandha kA jJAna hai upmiti| yadi 'saMjJA-saMjJijJAna' ko upamiti kaheMge to anumiti Adi meM ativyApti hogI kyoMki unase bhI saMjJA-saMjJI kA jJAna hotA hai| ataH saMjJAsaMjJi-sambandhajJAna ko upamiti kahA gayA hai| yahA~ 'abhipreta gavaya gavayapada vAcya hai' aisA zaktigraha hone se gavayAntara meM ativyApti nahIM hogii| isa upamiti kA karaNa hai sAdRzyajJAna / "jaise-gavaya ko na jAnane vAlA koI vyakti kisI prAmANika | vanavAsI se 'gosadRzo gavayaH' (gAya ke samAna gavaya hotA hai) aisA sunakara vana meM jAtA hai aura jaba use vahA~ gAya ke sadaza eka jugalI pazu dikhalAI par3atA hai to vaha vahA~ usa vanavAsI ke parva meM kaI gaye vacana (atidezavAkya-gosadazI gavayaH' isa pada kA) kA smaraNa karatA hai| pazcAt usa smaraNa ko pratyakSa gavaya se sambandhita karake kahatA hai 'asau gavayazabdavAcyaH' (yaha gavaya hai)| yahI upamiti hai| upamiti ke lie atidezavAkyArtha kA smaraNa aura sadRza padArtha kA pratyakSa Avazyaka hai| upamAna-'upamitikaraNamupamAnam' upamiti kA karaNa upamAna |hai| upamiti kA karaNa hai 'sAdRzyajJAna' arthAt sAdRzyajJAna hI
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________________ upamAnazabdapramANe ] [ 101 100 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH zaktaM padam / asmAtpadAdayamoM boddhavya itIzvarasaGketaH upamAna hai| annambhaTTa ne upamAna ko pramANa mAnakara gautama ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| vaizeSika aura sAMkhya upamAna kA anumAna meM zaktiH / antarbhAva mAnate haiM / jaise-'ayaM piNDo gavayapadavAcyaH, gosAdRzyAt / / anuvAba-[zabdapramANa kA kyA svarUpa hai?] AptapuruSa ke yatra yatra gosAdRzya tatra tatra gavayapadavAcyatvam' parantu ise anumAna vAkya ko zabda pramANa kahate haiM / satyavaktA ko Apta kahate haiM / padoM ke mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isa jJAna ke bAda 'upaminomi' aisA samUha ko vAkya kahate haiM, jaise- gAya ko laao'| jisameM zakti ho anuvyavasAya hotA hai, na ki 'anuminomi' aisA anuvyvsaay| / use pada kahate haiN| isa pada se yaha artha jAnanA cAhie' yaha jo upamAna tIna prakAra kA mAmA jAtA hai-(1)sAdRzya- Izvara kA saMketa hai, vahI zakti hai| viziSTapiNDajJAna (sAdRzya dvArA jJAna), jaise--'gosadRzo gavayaH' yahA~ vyAkhyA-'AptavAkyaM zabdaH' AptapuruSa- yathArthavaktA ke pada jAna karaNa hai| (2) vaidharmyaviziSTapiNDajJAna' samUhAtmaka vAkya ko zabda pramANa kahate haiN| vaJcaka evaM bhrAnta vAkya (vaidharmya dvArA jJAna), jaise--U~Ta kaisA hotA hai ? aisA pUchane para 'uSTro / meM ativyApti rokane ke lie 'Apta' pada diyA hai| yadi vaktA nAzvAdivatsamAnapRSThahasvagrIvazarIraH' (jo ghor3e ke samAna pITha vAlA prAmANika hai to usakA vacana bhI prAmANika hai| Apta ke gAmAnaya nahIM hai tathA jisakI grIvA aura zarIra baunA nahIM hai vaha UTa hai), (gAya ko lAo) ityAdi vAkya se hone vAlA jJAna zAbdapramA hai tavacana se kAlAntara meM 'asau uSTrapadavAcyaH' (yaha UTa . aura zAbdI pramA kA janaka AptavAkya hI zabda pramANa hai| ataH Age zabda kA artha hai ) aisI upamiti hotI hai| isa taraha yahA~ vaidharmya- kahA hai 'vAkyArthajJAnaM zAbdajJAnam / tatkaraNaM zabdaH' vAkyArtha ke jJAna viziSTa vijJAna karaNa hai| / 3) asAdhAraNadharmaviziSTApaNDa- ko zAbdajJAna tathA usake karaNa zabda ko zabda pramANa kahate haiM / jJAna ( asAdhAraNa dharma dvArA jJAna), jaise--khaDgamRga (gaiDA) kaisA parantu nyAyabodhinIkAra vastutastu ke dvArA apanA mata prakaTa karate hotA hai? aisA pachane para 'nAsikAlasadekazRGgo'natikrAntagajA hai-'padajJAnaM krnnm| vRttijJAnamahakRtapadajJAnajanyapadArthopasthitikatizca' (nAka meM eka sIMga vAlA tathA hAthI ke AkAra kA vyApAraH / vAkyArthajJAnaM zAbdabodhaH phalam / vattirnAma zaktilakSaNAatikramaNa na karane vAlA gaiMDA hotA hai) isa Aptavacana se kAlAntara nyatararUpA' (padajJAna karaNa hai| vRttijJAna se sahakRta padajJAnajanya meM khaDagamagapadavAcyo'sau' (yaha gaiMDA padavAcya hai) aisI upamiti padArthopasthiti vyApAra hai| vAkyArthajJAna zAbdabodharUpa phala hai| vatti hotI hai| isa taraha yahA~ asAdhAraNadharma se viziSTapiNDajJAna kA artha hai zakti aura lakSaNA meM se koI ek')| yaha viSaya gambhIra karaNa hai| hai tathA isa sandarbha meM vibhinna dArzanikoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA [upamAna pramANa pariccheda samApta ] .. hai| viSaya ko subodha banAne ke lie saMkSepa meM yahA~ nirvacana kareMge prazna-vAkya kise kahate hai ? (gha) atha zabdapramANaparicchedaH [zabdapramANasya kiM svarUpam ? ] AptavAkyaM shbdH| utara-padasamUha ko vAkya kahate haiM / sAmAnyataH jisake anta meM Aptastu ythaathevktaa| vAkyaM padasamUhaH, yathA gaamaanyeti| pupa yA tiGka vibhAka juDI ho use pada kahate haiM sUptiGantaM pdm'|
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________________ 102] [tarkasaMgrahaH parantu yahA~ 'zaktaM padam' (zaktyAzraya) kahA hai tathA 'isa pada se yaha artha jAnanA cAhie' aisI IzvarecchA yA IzvarasaMketa ko zakti batalAyA hai (IzvarasaMketo nAma IzvarecchA, saivshktirityrthH)| isa taraha nyAya darzana meM IzvarecchArUpa zakti ke Azraya ko 'pada' kahA hai / yaha prAcIna naiyAyikoM kA mata hai| navIna naiyAyika icchAmAtra (cAhe vaha Izvara kI ho yA anya kisI vyakti kI) ko zakti kahate haiN| dIpikA TIkA meM artha kI smRti ke anukUla pada aura padArtha ke " " sambandha ko zakti kahA hai 'arthasmRtyanakala: padapadArthasambandhaH shktiH| mImAMsaka zakti ko pRthak padArtha mAnate haiM aura naiyAyika use kevala icchaa| zabda ke prati kAraNa hone vAlI padArthopasthiti jaise zaktijJAna se hotI hai usI prakAra lakSaNAjJAna se bhI hotI hai| ataH lakSaNA bhI eka svatantra vRtti (zAbdabodhajanaka padArthopasthApaka sambandha) hai| 'zakyasambandho lakSaNA' (zakyasambandha ko lakSaNA kahate haiN)| isa taraha abhidhA aura lakSaNA ye do vRttiyA~ haiN| alaMkAra zAstriyoM dvArA mAnya vyaJjanA bRtti ko naiyAyika svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve zAbdI vyaJjanA kA lakSaNA (gauNI lakSaNA) meM aura ArthI vyaJjanA kA anumAna meM antarbhAva mAnate haiN| mImAMsakoM evaM vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra vAkya meM kriyA kI pradhA- ) natA hotI hai aura vaha kriyA hI zabdoM ke paraspara sambaddha hone meM kAraNa hotI hai| kriyA ke abhAva meM 'devadattaH grAmam' Adi zabda paraspara sambaddha nahIM hoNge| isa taraha kriyA vizeSya hotI hai aura devadatta, grAma Adi usake vizeSaNa / tadanusAra jaba hama kahate haiM 'devadatto grAma gacchati' to artha hotA hai-devadattakartakagrAmakarmakagamanakriyA' / 'caitraH taNDulaM pacati' kA artha hogA 'caitrkrtektnnddulkrmkpaakkriyaa'| isa taraha mImAMsakoM vaM vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra kriyA ke hone para hI zAbdabodha hotA hai| parantu naiyAyikoM ke anusAra kriyA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| unake anusAra vAkya (padasamUha) meM kartA, karma aura kriyA tInoM rahate haiN| kriyA kartRniSTha hotI hai aura vaha kartA / zabdapramANam ] [ 103 evaM karma meM sambandha batalAtI hai| arthAt kevala kriyAbodhaka pada hI zAbdabodha nahIM karAte apitu sabhI pada zAbdabodha karAte haiM (padasamUhAdeva zAbdabodho naikasmAditi / isa taraha mImAMsakoM kI taraha 'padAnAmanvayaviziSTe zaktiH' na mAnakara 'padAnAmanvaya eva zaktiH' mAnate haiN| ataH 'devadattaH gacchati' se gamanazIla devadatta kA bodha hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra zakti anvaya meM hotI hai anvita padoM meM nhiiN| jaba AkAMkSA, yogyatA Adi se sahita pada bAkya meM anvita hote haiM tabhI zAbdabodha karAte haiN| ataH 'padasamUha' ko nyAyadarzana meM vAkya kahA gayA hai| prazna - 'saMketarUpA zakti' kahA~ rahatI hai ? kevala jAti meM, kevala vyakti meM, jAtivizaSTavyakti meM athavA apoha meM? uttara-mImAMsaka kevala jAti meM, navyanaiyAyika kevala vyakti meM, prAcIna naiyAyika ( annambhaTTa bhI) jAtiviziSTa vyakti meM aura bauddha apoha meM zakti mAnate haiN| isakA tAtparya hai ki jaba hama 'ghaTa' kA uccAraNa karate haiM to 'ghaTa' zabda se ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai yA ghaTatva kA yA ghaTatvaviziSTa ghaTa kA yA paTAdi se bhinna ( apoha) kaa| isakA vistRna vicAra tattat granthoM se dekhanA caahie| prazna-zabda se saMketita artha kA jJAna kina sAdhanoM se hotA hai ? uttara--ATha sAdhanoM se hotA haizaktigraho vyAkaraNopamAnakozAptavAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAdvivRtervadanti sAMnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhAH / / artha-zabda kA arthajJAna ATha sAdhanoM se hotA hai-1. vyAkaraNa se, 2. upamAna ( sAdRzya ) se, 3. koza se, 4. AptavAkya se, 5. vRddhavyavahAra se, 6. vAkyazeSa (prasaGga) se, 7. vivRtti ( vyAkhyA) se, aura 8. sAnnidhya se| hastasaMketAdi se bhI artha kA jJAna hotA hai| inameM vRddhavyavahAra pramukha hai /
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________________ 104 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH [vAkyArthajJAne ke hetavaH, teSAM lakSaNAni ca kAni ? ] AkAGkSA yogyatA sannidhizca vAkyArthajJAne hetuH| padasya padAntaravyatirekaprayuktAnvayAnanubhAvakatvamAkAGkSA / arthAbAdho yogytaa| padAnAmavilambenoccAraNaM snnidhiH| tathA ca AkAGakSAdirahitaM vAkyamapramANam / yathA gorazvaH puruSA hastIti na pramANamAkAGkSAvirahAt / vahninA siJcediti na pramANaM yogyatAvirahAt / prahare prahare'sahoccAritAni gAmAnayetyAdipadAni na pramANaM, sAnnidhyAbhAvAt / ___anuvAda-[vAkyArthajJAna ke hetu kitane haiM aura unake lakSaNa kyA haiM ? ] vAkyArthajJAna (zAbdabodha) meM tIna hetu haiM--AkAGkSA, yogyatA aura snnidhi| dUsare pada ke prayoga ke vinA jahA~ pada kI zAbdabodhajanakatA nahIM hotI hai, use AkAMkSA kahate haiM / pada meM padAntaravyatirekaprayukta jo anvayAnanubhAvakatva hai vahI AkAGkSA hai)| artha meM bAdhA kA abhAva ( arthAbAdha ) yogyatA hai| padoM kA abilamba (vilamba ke vinA) uccAraNa sannidhi hai| evaJca, AkAMkSA Adi se rahita vAkya apramANa hai| jaise-'gAya, ghor3A, puruSa, hAthI' yaha padasamUha AkAGkSA se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai| 'Aga se sIMcie' yaha padasamUha yogyatA se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai| prahara-prahara meM (eka eka prahara ke bAda uccAraNa kiye gaye ) eka sAtha uccAraNa nahIM kie gaye 'gAyalAo' ityAdi padasamUha sAnnidhya ( sAmIpya ) se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai| vyAkhyA-vAkyArthabodha athavA zAbdabodha tabhI hotA hai jaba padasamUha meM AkAGkSA, yogyatA aura sannidhi ho| inameM se kisI eka kA abhAva rahane para zAbdabodha nahIM hogaa| isa taraha ye tInoM vAkyArthajJAne hetavaH ] [105 kAraNa milakara vAkyArtha kA bodha karAne meM kAraNa haiM, pRthak-pRthak nhiiN| ataH 'hetuH' meM eka vacana kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| mUla meM, prayukta AkAGkSAdi kA artha hai-AkAGkSAjJAna, yogyatAjJAna aura sannidhijJAna ye zAbdabadha ke prati kAraNa haiN| (1) AkAGkSA-'padasya padAntaravyatirekaprayuktAnvayAnanubhAvaka tvama' jisa pada meM kisI dUsare pada ke abhAvaprayukta jo zAbdabodha kI ajanakatA hai, vahI AkAGkSA hai| arthAt sAkAGkSa pada hI zAbdabodha karAte haiM, nirAkAkSa nhiiN| nyAyabodhinI ke anusAra 'jina padoM kA yAdRza pUrvAparIbhAva na hone ke kAraNa zAbdabodha na ho una padoM kA tAdRza pUrvAparIbhAva hai 'AkAkSA' / ' jaise'gAmanaya' isa vAkya meM jo 'go' pada hai usakA zAbdabodha 'am' pada ke binA nahIM hotA, kyoMki 'go Anaya' isa vAkya se artha pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH 'gAmAnaya' isa vAkya ke arthajJAna ( zAbdabodha) meM gopadottara 'am' pada kI AkAGkSA hetu hai| 'am' pratyaya kA artha hai 'karmatva' / ataH 'gAm' pada kA artha huA 'gokarmaka' | 'am go' aisA viparIta uccAraNa karane para zAbdabodha nahIM hogaa| isI prakAra 'Anaya' meM 'nI' dhAtu kA artha hai 'lAnA', aura loT lakAra madhyama puruSa ekavacana kA artha hai 'Adeza' / go, azva, puruSa Adi padasamUha AkAGkSArahita hone se pramANa nahIM hai| ata: AkAGkSAjJAna zAbdabodha ke prati kAraNa hai| (2) yogyatA--'arthAbAdho yogyatA' artha ke bAdha kA abhAva yogyatA hai| jaise-'vahninA siJcet' yahA~ siJcanakriyA kI yogyatA Aga meM bAdhita hai, ataH isa vAkya se zAbdabodha nahIM hotaa| parantu jaba hama' 'jalena siJcet' kahate haiM to jala se sicanakriyA saMbhava hone se (bAdhAbhAva hone se zAbdabodha ho jAtA hai| (3) sannidhi-'padAnAmavilambenoccAraNam' padoM kA vinA antarAla ke uccAraNa sannidhi hai| jaise-'gAm Anaya' / yadi ina
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________________ vAkyaM zAbdajJAnaJca ] [ 107 106 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH do padoM kA uccAraNa eka-eka ghaNTe ke bAda kiyA jAyegA to zAbdabodha nahIM hogaa| yadi eka sAtha (zIghratA se yA prathama zabdazravaNa kA saMskAra jitanI dera taka ThaharatA hai utane samaya ke andara) uccAraNa karate haiM to zAbdabodha hotA hai| isa taraha sannidhi bhI zAbdabodha ke prati kAraNa hai| vizvanAtha ne kArikAvalI (82) meM tAtparyajJAna ko caturtha kAraNa , mAnA hai-'AsattiryogyatAkAGkSAtAtparyajJAnamiSyate' / yahA~ 'Asatti' kA artha hai 'sannidhi' / tAtparyajJAna, jaise -- 'saindhavamAnaya' meM saindhava ke do artha haiM-namaka aura ghodd'aa| yadi vaktA bhojana kara rahA hai to , vaktA kA 'namaka' ke artha meM tAtparya hai, yadi bAhara jA rahA hai to 'ghor3A' ke artha meM tAtparya hai / yaha tAtparyajJAna bhI vAkyArthajJAna meM hetu hai| jo ise kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiM unake anusAra yahA~ yogyatAjJAna kAraNa hai| [vAkyaM katividham ] vAkyaM dvividhaM vaidikaM laukikaM ca / vaidikamIzvaroktatvAtsarvameva prmaannm| laukikaM tvAptAktaM pramANam / anyadapramANam / anuvAda -[vAkya kitane prakAra kA hai?] vAkya do prakAra kA hai-vaidika aura laukika / vaidika Izvarokta hone se sabhI pramANa hai| Apta vyakti ke dvArA ukta laukika vAkya pramANa hai, zeSa . | . [mithyAvAdiyoM ke dvArA ukta ] apramANa / vyAkhyA-vAkya do prakAra ke haiM-vaidika aura laukika / vaidika vAkya Izvarokta hone se sabhI pramANa haiN| laukika vAkya yadi yathArthavaktA dvArA kahe gaye haiM to pramANa haiM anyathA apramANa / vedoM ko mImAMsaka apauruSeya evaM nitya mAnate haiM parantu naiyAyika unheM Izvara ke dvArA racita mAnate haiM tathA zabda ko anitya mAnate haiM / AkAza ke nitya hone se usake guNa ko bhI nitya honA cAhie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| naiyAyika zabda kI anityatA anumAna se siddha karate haiM-'zabdo'nityaH, sAmAnyavattve sati bahirindriyajanyalaukikapratyakSaviSayatvAt, laukikapratyakSavizeSyatvAdvA, ghaTavat' / vaidika vAkyoM meM zruti ( saMhitA, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura upaniSad) ke sAtha smRti, itihAsa aura purANa kA bhI saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai| [zAbdajJAnaM kim ? | vAkyArthajJAnaM zAbdajJAnaM / tatkaraNa tu zabdaH / anuvAda-[zAbdajJAna kA svarUpa kyA hai ? ] vAkya ke artha kA' jJAna zAndazAna hai / usakA karaNa zabda hai| vyAkhyA-zAbdajJAna jo ki pramA hai usakA karaNa hai 'shbd'| yahA~ zabda se tAtparya hai 'vAkya' yA 'padasamUha' / navyanaiyAyika padajJAna ko karaNa mAnate haiN| jaisA ki kArikAvalI (81) meM vizvanAtha ne kahA hai padajJAnaM tu karaNaM dvAraM tatra padArthadhIH / zAbdabodhaH phalaM tatra zaktidhIH shkaarinnii|| artha-zAbdabodha ke prati padajJAna karaNa hai, padArthajJAna vyApAra (dvAra ) hai, zAbdabodha phala hai aura zaktizAna sahAyaka hai| arthAt 'zaktijJAnasahakRtapadajJAnajanyapadArthopasthitiH zAbdabodhaM prati kAraNam' zaktijJAna se sahakRta padajJAna se utpanna padArtha kI upasthiti ( smaraNa ) zAbdabodha ke prati kAraNa hai| ___ vaizeSika zabdapramANa kA anumAna meM hI antarbhAva mAnate haiM'ete padArthAH parasparasaMsargavantaH, AkAGkSAyogyatAsattimatpadasmAritatvAt, daNDena gAmAnayeti padasmAritapadArthavat' / vastutaH anumiti se zAbdabodha bhinna hai| isI sandarbha meM pramANoM ke prAmANya aura aprAmANya kI carcAdIpikA TIkA meM kI gaI hai| saMkSepa meM sAMkhya prAmANya aura aprAmANyA
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________________ | 1081 [ tarkasaMgrahaH donoM ko svataH (jJAna kI grAhaka sAmagrI se hI usakI pramANatA evaM apramANatA kA jJAna honA) mAnate haiM / naiyAyika donoM ko parataH (jahA~ jJAna kI grAhaka sAmagrI se bhinna sAmagrI dvArA usa jJAna ke "prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai) mAnate haiM, ataH ve vedoM kA bhI prAmANya Izvara ke dvArA racita hone se mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki yadi prAmANya svataH mAneMge to saMzayAdi nahIM hoNge| mImAMsaka prAmANya ko svataH tathA aprAmANya ko parataH / svIkAra karate haiM / bauddha prAmANya parataH aura aprAmANya svataH mAnate haiN| jaina jJapti kI apekSA abhyAsa dazA meM donoM ko svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parata: mAnate haiM parantu utpatti kI apekSA nyAyamata kA anusaraNa karate haiN| (Ga) athA'vaziSTaguNanirUpaNam [ ayathArthAnubhavasya kati bhedAH? ] ayathArthAnubhavastrividhA-saMzaya-viparyaya tarkabhedAt / [ sazayastha ki lakSaNam ?] ekasmin dharmiNi viruddhanAnAdharmavaiziSTayAvagAhijJAnaM sNshyH| yathA sthANurvA puruSo veti / [ viparyayasya kiM lakSaNam 1] / mithyAjJAnaM vipryyH| yathA zuktI rajatamiti / [ tarkasya kiM , svarUpam ? ] vyApyA''ropeNa vyaapkaa''ropstkH| yathA yadi bahirna syAttarhi dhUmo'pi na syAditi / anuvAda---[ayathArthAnubhava ke kitane bheda haiM ? ] ayathArtha anubhava saMzaya, viparyaya aura tarka ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| [saMzaya kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] eka mi meM paraspara viruddha aneka 'dharmoM se viziSTa hone kA jJAna saMzaya hai / jaise--yaha sthANa hai athavA "puruss| [viparyaya kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? 1 mithyAjJAna viparyaya hai| jaise sIpa meM 'yaha cA~dI hai' aisA jJAna / [tarka kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] ayathArthAnubhavabhedAH ] [ 101.. vyApya ke Aropa ( AhAryajJAna ) se vyApaka kA Aropa karanA tarka hai| jaise-yadi Aga na hotI to dhama bhI nahIM hotaa| vyAkhyA-pramArUpa yathArthAnubhava ke cAroM bhedoM kA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ apramArUpa ayathArthAnubhava kA nirUpaNa krama prApta hai| jo padArtha jaisA nahIM hai use vaisA samajhanA apramA hai 'tadabhAvavati ttprkaarko'nubhvo'ythaarthH'| yaha ayathArthAnubhava tIna prakAra kA hai-saMzaya, viparyaya ( bhrama ) aura tarka / kucha loga tarka ko viparyaya ke hI antargata mAnate haiM kyoMki tarka meM AhArya viparyAsa hotA hai| tInoM ke svarUpa nimna haiM (1) saMzaya-'ekasmindharmiNi viruddhanAnAdharmavaiziSTyAvagAhijJAnaM saMzayaH' kisI eka dharmI (adhikaraNa = eka hI purovartI padArtha) meM viruddha aneka dharmoM ke sambandha kA avagAhana karane vAlA jJAna hai 'saMzaya' / jaise 'yaha sthANu hai yA puruss'| 'ghaTapaTau' isa (ghaTatvapaTatva ke avagAhaka ) samUhAlambanAtmaka jJAna meM ativyApti haTAne ke lie 'ekasmin dharmiNi' kahA / samUhAlambanAtmaka jJAna meM do dharmI haiN| 'ghaTa: pRthivI' yahA~ eka dharmI meM ghaTatva aura pRthivItka' Adi aneka dharmoM ke sambandha kA avagAhana hone se isameM lakSaNa kI ativyApti ke vAraNArtha 'viruddha' pada diyA hai| ghaTatva aura pRthivItva donoM viruddha dharma nahIM haiN| isa taraha saMzaya meM do bAteM hotI haiM(1)dharmI kA eka honA tathA (2) usa eka dharmI meM viruddha nAnA dharmoM kA jnyaan| saMzaya ubhayakoTika yA nAnAkoTika (anizcayAtmaka) hotA hai| nyAyabodhinIkAra kA kahanA hai ki saMzaya jJAna kevala viSaddha aneka-- vizeSaNaka dharma hone se hI nahIM hotA apitu usameM una vizeSaNIbhUta aneka dharmoM ko bhAva evaM abhAva svarUpa bhI honA caahie| jaise-'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa' isa sthala meM do saMzaya haiM-(1) yaha sthANu hai yA nhiiN| (2) yaha puruSa hai yA nhiiN| arthAta kevala bhAvadvayakoTika saMzaya aprasiddha hai / saMzaya ko hamezA bhAva+ abhAva
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________________ 110] [ tarkasaMgrahaH smRti-sukha-duHkhAni ] [111 koTika honA cAhie / ataH unhoMne saMzaya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai-'ekadharmAvacchinnavizeSyatAnirUpitabhAvAbhAvaprakArakajJAnaM saMzayaH' / (2) viparyaya-'mithyAjJAnaM viparyayaH' mithyAjJAna (jo jahA~ nahIM hai vahA~ use samajhanA) viparyaya hai| ise bhrama bhI kahate haiN| jaise sIpa ko dekhakara 'yaha cA~dI hai| aisA jJAna honA viparyaya hai| isameM ayathArtha jJAna kA nizcaya rahatA hai jabaki saMzaya meM nizcaya nahIM hotA hai| (3) tarka-'vyApyAropeNa vyApakAropaH tarkaH' vyApya ke Aropa se vyApaka kA Aropa tarka hai| jaise--'yadi parvata meM Aga nahIM hotI to vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotaa'| vayabhAva vyApya hai aura dhamAbhAva vyApaka / isa taraha tarka vyAptijJAna karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| kArikAbalI (137 ) meM tarka kA nirvacana karate hue kahA hai-- vyabhicArasyAgraho'pi . shcaargrhstthaa| hetuAptigrahe tarkaH kvacicchaGkAnivartakaH / / artha--vyabhicAra ke agrahaNa tathA sahacAra ke grahaNa ko vyAptigrahaNa meM kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, yadi kahIM vyabhicAra kI zaGkA ho jAe to usako dUra karane vAlA tarka hotA hai| isa taraha tarka vyAptijJAna meM hone vAlI zaGgA ko dUra karatA hai| ataH isakA niSedhAtmakavyApti jaisA svarUpa banatA hai-'yadi parvata meM vahnayabhAva hotA to dhUmAbhAva bhI hotA' / yadyapi yaha vAkyAvalI vyatirekavyApti jaisI laga rahI hai parantu yaha vyatirekavyApti nahIM hai| vyatirekavyApti meM pUrNa nizcaya hotA hai tathA vyApti kA jJAna sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka alaukika sannikarSa se hotA hai| isa vyAptijJAna meM yadi koI saMdeha paidA ho jAye to use tarka se dUra kiyA jAtA hai, ataH tarka ke svarUpa meM 'yadi' pada jor3A gayA hai| tarka eka sambhAvanAmUlaka AhArya jJAna hai| nimna udAharaNa se ise spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai-- ___mAna lo kisI vyakti ko kisI vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa jJAta nahIM hai, usake yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane kI sarvaprathama usameM icchA (jijJAsA) hotI hai| pazcAt ubhayakoTika saMzaya (yaha hai athavA nahIM) paidA hotA hai| tadanantara vimarza dvArA eka kA yathArtha nizcaya hotA hai| isa taraha saMzaya ke bAda tarka ekakoTika' yathArtha nizcaya karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isIlie ise saMzaya aura viparyayase pR thaka ginAyA jAtA hai| [smRtiH katividhAH ? ] smRtirapi dvividhA-yathArthA ayathArthA gheti / pramAjanyA yathArthA / apramAjanyA ayathArthA / anuvAda--[ smRti kitane prakAra kI hai ? ] smRti bhI do prakAra kI hai-yathArthA aura aythaarthaa| pramA ( yathArthajJAna ) se utpanna yathArthA hai aura apramA ( ayathArthajJAna ) se utpanna ayathArthA hai| vyAkhyA---'saMskAramAtrajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH' isa prakAra smRti kA lakSaNa buddhi guNa ke nirUpaNa-prasaGga meM batalAyA jA cukA hai| usIke 1) yahA~ do bheda kie gaye haiN| jo smRti yathArtha anubhava se hone vAle saMskAra se janya hai vahI yathArthA smRti hai aura jo ayathArtha anubhava se hone vAle saMskAra se janya hai vaha ayathArthA smRti hai| isa taraha smRti kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA anubhava kI yathArthatA evaM ayathArthatA para nirbhara hai| [17-18. sukhaduHkhayoH ke lakSaNe ?] sarveSAmanukUlatayA vedanIyaM sukham / sarveSAM pratikUlatayA vedanIyaM duHkham / anuvAda--[17-18. sukha aura duHkha ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ? ] jo sabako anukUla pratIta ho vaha sukha hai| jo sabako pratikUla pratIta ho vaha duHkha hai|
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________________ 112] [ tarkasaMgraha icchA-dveSa-prayatna-dharmAdharmAH ] [ 113 vyAkhyA--sukha sabhI prANI cAhate haiM aura duHkha koI nahIM cAhatA vyAkhyA-dharma aura adharma ye donoM adRSTa ke hI prakAra haiN| hai| duHkhAbhAva ho sukha nahIM hai kyoMki sukha bhAvAtmaka guNa hai / 'ahaM 'jyotiSTomena svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi vedazAstropadiSTa yAga, sukhI', 'ahaM duHkhI' (maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~) isa anubhava se inakI sattA dAna. pUjana Adi kriyAoM se janya guNa hai 'dharma' aura 'kalarja siddha hotI hai| koI vastu yadi kisI ko sukhajanaka hai to vahI dUsare na bhakSayet' ityAdi niSiddha pApAdi kriyAoM ke karane se 'adharma' ko du:khajanaka bhI ho sakatI hai| ataH nyAyabodhinI meM sukha-du:kha ke hotA hai| kramaza: lakSaNa haiM-1. 'itrecchaa'ndhiinecchaavissytvm| 2. 'itara [AtmamAtra vizeSaguNAH ke ? ] buddhayAdayo'STAvAtmamAtradveSAnadhInadveSaviSayatvam / vishessgunnaaH| buddhIcchAprayatnA nityA anityAzca / nityA : 19-21. icchA-dveSa prayatnAnAM kAni lakSaNAni ?] icchA Izvarasya, anityA jIvasya / kAmaH / krodho dveSaH / kRtiH prayatnaH / anuvAda--[ kevala AtmA meM rahane vAle vizeSa guNa kauna haiM ? ] anuvAda--[19-21. icchA, dveSa aura prayatna ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ?] buddhi Adi (sukha, du:kha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma aura adharma) kAmanA icchA hai / krodha dveSa hai| kRti prayatna hai| ATha kevala AtmA meM rahane vAle vizeSa guNa haiN| buddhi, icchA aura vyAkhyA-jisake hone para prANI kisI kArya ke lie prayatna karatA . prayatna ye nitya aura anitya haiN| Izvara ke nitya aura jIva ke hai, vahI hai icchA / ise hI kAma = kAmanA bhI kahate haiM (prayatnajanakaguNatvaM anitya haiN| kAmatvarUpaM vaa)| jisake hone para prANI kisI kArya se nivRtta hove . vyAkhyA-buddhi Adi ATha guNa kevala AtmA meM pAye jAte haiN| vaha hai 'dveSa' / krodha bhI eka prakAra kA dveSa hai (nivRttijanakaguNatvaM inameM buddhi (pAna), icchA aura prayatna ye tIna guNa jIvAtmA meM krodhatvarUpaM vaa)| yadyapi krodhasthala meM bhI zatru ko mArane ke lie... In anitya guNa haiM aura paramAtmA meM nitya haiN| pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai parantu usa pravRtti ke prati krodha kAraNa nahIM hai, 11. prazna-Atmatva jAti jaba jIvAtmA aura Izvara donoM meM hai to apitu krodhaprayukta nivRtti kI rakSA ke lie icchA aura prayatna hone Izvara meM bhI sukha-duHkha kI utpatti honA caahie| para hI zatru ko mArane kI ceSTA hotI hai| ceSTA ke prati kAraNIbhUta' . uttara-kucha loga Izvara meM Atmatva jAti mAnate haiM aura kucha guNa hai 'prayatna' (ceSTAjanakaguNatvam ) / svayaM ceSTA prayatna nahIM hai| loga nahIM mAnate haiM / jo Izvara meM Atmatva jAti nahIM mAnate haiM unake icchAtva, dveSatva aura prayatnatva ye jAtiyA~ haiN| yahA~ to yaha prazna bekAra hai parantu jo Izvara meM Atmatva jAti mAnate [22-23. dharmAdharmayoH ke lakSaNe ?] vihitakarmajanyo / haiM unakA kahanA hai ki Izvara meM adaSTa Adi nimittakAraNa ke na hone se usameM sukha-duHkha kI utpatti nahIM hotI / kucha kA kahanA hai ki dharmaH / niSiddhakarmajanyastvadharmaH ] jo dharma svarUpayogya haiM unheM utpanna honA hI cAhie yaha Avazyaka anuvAda--[22-23. dharma aura adharma ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ?] / nahIM hai, jaise-paramANu meM nitya sneha rahatA hai aura usameM janya sneha vihita (vedAdi dharmagranthokta vidhi se vihita ) karmoM se utpanna kI yogyatA bhI hai parantu paramANu meM janya sneha kabhI utpanna nahIM [adRSTa ] dharma hai / niSiddhakarmoM se utpanca [ adRSTa ] adharma hai|
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________________ saMskAraH ] [ 115 / / 114 ] - [ tarkasaMgrahaH hotA hai| ataH Izvara meM Atmatva jAti ke rahane ke kAraNa tathA sukhaduHkha kI svarUpayogyatA hone para bhI ve utpanna nahIM hote haiM / jo Inara meM Atmatva jAti nahIM mAnate haiM unake mata se Atmatva jAti kevala jIvoM meM rahatI hai| dravya kI saMkhyA dasa na ho etadartha ve AnmA ke sthAna para 'jJAnavat' dravya mAnate haiN| vastutaH nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara ko bAda meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| svIkRta nau dravyoM kI saMkhyA kA atikramaNa na ho isIlie yaha paristhiti utpanna huI hai| [24. saMskAraH katividhaH tadabhedAzca kiM svarUpAH 1 saMskArastrividhA-vego bhAvanA sthitisthApakazceti / vegaH pRthivyAdicatuSTayamano (-mAtra) vRttiH / anubhavajanyAsmRtiheturbhAvanA, AtmabhAtravRti / anyathAkRtasya punastadavasthApAdasthitisthApana kttaadipRthiviivRttiH| [iti guNanirUpaNam / anuvAda--[24. saMskAra kitane prakAra kA hai aura usake bhedoM ke svarUpa kyA haiM ? ] saMskAra tIna prakAra ke haiM-vega, bhAvanA aura sthitisthApaka / vega pRthivI Adi cAra (pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu) tathA mana meM rahatA hai| anubhava se utpanna tathA smRti kA kAraNa bhAvanA hai jo kevala AtmA meM rahatI hai| anyathAkRta ko punaH usI avasthA meM lA dene vAlA sthitisthApaka hai jo caTAI Adi pRthivI meM rahatA hai| sthitisthApakAnyatamatvaM saMskAratvam' yaha saMskAra kA lakSaNa hai jise dIpikAkAra ne 'sAmAnyaguNAtmavizeSaguNobhayavRttiguNatvavyApyajAtimattvaM saMskAratvam' ( sAmAnya guNa aura AtmA meM rahane vAlA vizeSaguNa ina donoM meM rahane vAlI guNatvavyApya jAti jahA~ rahatI hai use saMskAra kahate haiN)| vega aura sthitisthApaka sAmAnya guNa haiM tathA bhAvanA vizeSa guNa hai| vega pRthivyAdi cAra tathA mana ina pA~ca dravyoM meM rahatA hai| bhAvanA kevala AtmA meM rahatI hai| sthitisthApaka caTAI Adi pArthiva dravyoM meM rahatA hai| kucha loga pRthivI Adi cAroM dravyoM meM sthitisthApaka ko mAnate haiN| tInoM ke svarUpa nimna haiM (1) bega--"dvitIyAdipatanA'samavAyikAraNatve sati guNatvaM vegatvam' (dvitIya Adi patana ke asamavAyikAraNa guNa ko vega kahate haiN)| Adya patana kA asamavAyikAraNa gurutva guNa hai| vega do prakAra kA hai-karmaja (karma se janya) aura vegaja ( vega se utpanna ) / vega ke vinA karma sthAyI hogA, ataH ise mAnanA Avazyaka hai| (2) bhAvanA-'anubhavajanyatve sati smRtihetutvam' ( anubhava se utpanna hone vAlA aura smRti kA janaka guNa bhAvanA hai)| bhAvanA ko svIkAra kie vinA smaraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| saMskAra se sAmAnyataH bhAvanA ko hI samajhA jAtA hai| bhAvanA kevalA Atmavatti vAlA atIndriya guNa hai| (3) sthitisthApaka-'anyathAkRtasya punastadavasthApaka: sthitisthApakaH' (per3oM kI zAkhA Adi ko nata karake chor3ane para punaH unheM pUrvasthAna para pahu~cAne vAlA saMskAra sthitisthApaka hai)| dIpikA meM lakSaNa diyA hai 'pRthivImAtrasamaveta saMskAratvavyApyajAtimattvaM sthitisthApakatvam / [ guNa nirUpaNa samApta ] [guNa nirUpaNa samApta ] vyAkhyA-saMskAra tIna prakAra kA hai-vega, bhAvanA aura sthitisthApaka / yadyapi ye tInoM bheda bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ke haiM phira bhI inakI ginatI saMskAra ke antargata kI jAtI hai| 'vegabhAvanA
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________________ 116 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH 4. karmAdizeSapadArthalakSaNaprakaraNam [ karmaNaH kiM lakSaNam ? ] calanAtmakaM karma / UrdhvadezasaMyogaheturutkSepaNam / adhodezasaMyogaheturapakSepaNam / zarIrasya sanikRSTasaMyogaheturAkuzcanam / viprakRSTasaMyogahetuH prasAraNam / anyatsarva gamanam / (pRthivyaadictussttymnomaatrvRtti)| anuvAda-[karma kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] calanAtmaka (calana, kampana, spandana Adi kriyAyeM ) karma hai| Urdhvadeza ke sAtha saMyoga kA hetu utkSepaNa hai| adhodeza ke sAtha saMyoga kA hetU apakSepaNa hai| zarIra ke samIpa saMyoga kA kAraNa AkaJcana hai| zarIra se dUra saMyoga kA kAraNa prasAraNa hai| anya saba gamana hai| (pRthivyAdi cAra tathA mana meM ye rahate haiN| vyAkhyA--'uttaradezasaMyogAnukUlavyApAratvaM gamanatvam' uttaradeza se saMyoga ke anukUla vyApAra ko gamana kahate haiM / gamana meM utkSepaNAdi se bhinna samasta kriyAyeM samAhita haiN| vizeSa ke lie dekhie pRSTha 8 se 9. [sAmAnyasya kiM lakSaNam ?] nityamekamanekA'nugataM sAmAnyam / dravyaguNakarmavRtti / tad dvividhaM parA'parabhedAt / / paraM sattA / aparaM drvytvaadi| anuvAda-[sAmAnya kA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ] jo nitya aura eka hokara anekoM meM anugata rahe vaha sAmAnya hai| vaha dravya, guNa aura . karma meM rahatA hai| para aura apara ke bheda se vaha do prakAra kA hai| . para sattA dravya, guNa aura karma meM rahane vAlA sAmAnya hai| apara dravyatva ( sattA kI apekSA alpa deza vRtti) Adi haiN| vyAkhyA- dekhie pRSTha 9 se 11. karma-sAmAnya-vizeSa-samavAyAH ] [117 [vizeSANAM kiM lakSaNam ? 1 nityadravyavRttayo vyAvartakA vizeSAH / ___ anuvAda-[vizeSoM kA kyA lakSaNa hai ?] nitya dravyoM meM rahane vAle vyAvartakoM (nitya dravyoM ke bhedaka tattvoM ko) vizeSa kahate haiN| vyAkhyA-vizeSoM ke lakSaNa meM 'AtmatvamanastvabhinnAH' isa pada ko bhI jor3a denA cAhie anyathA Atmatva aura manastva meM lakSaNa ativyApta hogA kyoMki Atmatva aura manastva ye donoM jAtiyA~ nityadravyavRtti haiM tathA pRthivItva Adi kI vyAvartaka bhI haiN| vistAra ke lie dekhie pRSTha 11-12. [samavAyasya kiM lakSaNam ? 1 nityasambandhaH smvaayH| ayutsiddhvRttiH| yayoyormadhye ekamavinazyad ( avastham ) aparAzritabhevA'vatitiSThate tAvayutasiddhau / yathA avayavA'vaya* vino, guNa-guNinI, kriyA-kiyAvantau, jAti-vyaktI, vizeSanityadravye ceti / anuvAba-[samavAya kA kyA lakSaNa hai?] nitya sambandha samavAya hai| vaha ayutasiddha padArthoM meM rahatA hai| jina do ke bIca meM eka (avasthA) jaba taka naSTa na ho jAe taba taka dUsare ke Azrita hI rahe ve donoM ayutasiddha hote haiN| jaise avayava aura ava. yavI, guNa aura guNo, kriyA aura kriyAvAn, jAti aura vyakti evaM vizeSa aura nityadravya / vyAkhyA-'svarUpasambandhabhinnatve sati nityasambandhatvaM samavAyatvam' aisA lakSaNa samavAya kA karanA cAhie jisase svarUpasambandha meM ativyApti na ho| ghaTa (avayavI ) jaba rahegA to kapAla ( abayava) meM hI rahegA, ataH ve donoM ayutasiddha haiN| isI prakAra anyatra bhI samajhanA caahie| vizeSa ke lie dekhie pRSTha 12-13.
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________________ -- --- abhAvaH ] [119 / (110] [ tarkasaMgrahaH [prAgabhAvAdInAM kAni lakSaNAni ? ] anAdiH sAntaH prAgabhAvaH / utpatteH pUrva kAryasya / sAdiranantaH pradhvaMsaH / utpattyanantaraM kAryasya / traikaaliksNsrgaavcchinnprtiyogitaako'tyntaabhaavH| yathA bhUtale ghaTo nAstIti / taadaatmysmbndhaavcchinnprtiyogitaako'nyonyaabhaavH| yathA ghaTaH paTo neti / anuvAda--[prAgabhAvAdi ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ? ] jisakI utpatti / to na ho (anAdi) parantu naSTa hotA ho (sAnta) baha prAgabhAva hai| jaise--utpatti se pahale kArya kA prAgabhAva hai| jo utpanna to hotA ho (sAdi ) parantu naSTa na hotA ho (ananta ) vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva hai| jaise-utpatti ke bAda kArya kA pradhvaMsAbhAva hotA hai| jisa abhAva kI pratiyogitA saMsarga se avacchinna (yukta) hai aura jo tInoM kAloM meM rahe vaha atyantAbhAva hai| jaise-pRthivI para ghar3A nahIM hai| jisakI pratiyogitA tAdAtmya sambandha se avacchinna ho vaha anyonyAbhAva hai| jaise-ghaTa paTa nahIM hai| vyAkhyA-abhAva kA vicAra pRSTha 13 se 16 para kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ usI kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai| abhAva prathamataH do prakAra kA hai--saMsargAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva / saMsargAbhAva tIna prakAra kA hai-prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva / anyonyAbhAva eka hI prakAra kA hai| 'saMsarga' zabda kA artha hai 'bRttiniyAmaka saMyoga, samavAya Adi sambandha' / tAdAtmya sambandha bhI sambandha hai parantu vaha vRttiniyAmaka sambandha nahIM hai| kisI vastu / (Adheya) kA kisI dUsarI vastu (AdhAra) meM rahanA AdheyatA hai aura . vahI vRtti hai arthAt vRttiniyAmaka sanbandha una vastuoM meM hotA hai jisameM eka vastu dUsarI vastu meM saMyoga, samavAya Adi meM se kisI sambandha se rahatI hai| jaise--kapAla (avayava) meM ghaTa ( avayavI) samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai, bhUtala para ghaTa saMyoga sambandha se rahatA hai| ye sambandha vRttiniyAmaka sambandha haiN| ataH jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva hai to isakA artha hai 'bhUtala meM ghaTa kA saMyoga nahIM hai' / nyAya kI bhASA meM ise kaheMge-'saMyogasambandhAvacchinnapratiyogitAko'bhAvaH' arthAt saMyoga sambandha se pratiyogI (ghaTa ) ke bhUtala meM rahane kA abhAva hai / kapAla meM ghaTa ke abhAva ko kaheMge 'smvaaysmbndhaavcchinnprtiyogitaako'bhaavH'| isa taraha jahA~ saMyogAdisambandhaghaTitapratiyogitA kA abhAva batalAyA jAtA hai vahA~ saMmargAbhAva hotA hai| jahA~ isase bhinna sambandha arthAt tAdAtmya sambandha se pratiyogitA kA abhAva batalAyA jAtA hai vahA~ anyonyAbhAva hotA hai| tAdAtmya sambandha se vastu apane meM hI rahatI hai kisI anyavastu meM nhiiN| jaise ghaTa tAdAtmya sambandha se ghaTa meM hI rahatA hai| ataH isa abhAva meM pratiyogitA tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinnA hotI hai| jaise-'ghaTa paTa nahIM hai| isakA artha hai ghaTa ke sAtha paTa kA tAdAtmyasambandha nahIM hai (ghaTa kA tAdAtmya paTa meM nahIM hai, ghaTa meM hI hai)| ata: isameM 'tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinnapratiyogitAko'bhAvaH' hotA hai| arthAt ghaTa ko chor3akara anyatra paTa Adi sabhI meM ghaTa kA tAdAtmpasambandhAvacchinna pratiyogitAkAbhAva rhegaa| isa taraha tInoM prakAra ke saMsargAbhAvoM meM pratiyogitA saMyoga, samavAya Adi sambandhoM se avacchinna ( viziSTa) rahatI hai aura anyonyAbhAva meM pratiyogitA tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinA hotI hai| jaise 'bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' yahA~ saMsargAbhAva ( atyantAbhAva) hai kyoMki yahA~ saMyogasambandhAvacchinnabhUtalaniSThaghaTAbhAva batalAyA gayA hai| 'bhUtalaM ghaTo na' yahA~ anyonyAbhAva hai kyoMki yahA~ tAdAtmyasambandhAvacchinnapratiyogitAka abhAva hai| ata: jaba bhI abhAva kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to vaha kisI na kisI sambandha se batalAyA jAtA hai|
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________________ abhAvaH 1 [ 121.. 120 ] [ tarkasaMgrahaH vastu jahA~ jisa sambandha se rahatI hai vahA~ abhAva bhI usI sambandha se batalAyA jAtA hai, ataH pratiyogitA bhI usI sambandha se avacchinna hotI hai| cAroM abhAvoM kA svarUpa hogA / / (1) prAgabhAva-tantuoM meM paTa ke utpanna hone ke pUrva paTa ke abhAva ko paTa-prAgabhAva kahate haiN| tantuoM meM yaha abhAva anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| jaba tantuoM meM paTa utpanna ho jAtA hai to paTa-prAgabhAva samApta ho jAtA hai| isa taraha prAgabhAva anAdi to hai parantu sAnta hai| yahA~ tantuoM meM samavAya sambandha se paTa ke rahane kA abhAva batalAyA gayA hai| paTa jo isa prAgabhAva kA pratiyogi hai vaha tantuoM meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| ataH yaha samavAyasambandhAvacchinna pratiyogitAka abhAva huaa| (2) pradhvaMsAbhAva-tantuoM meM paTa ke utpanna hone ke bAda jaba punaH tantu alaga-alaga ho jAte haiM to paTa kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| ise hI paTa kA dhvaMsa kahate haiM arthAt bhagna tantuoM meM paTa kA dhvaMsAbhAva ho gyaa| isa taraha yaha abhAva tantuoM ke saMyoga ke nAza se utpanna hotA hai aura utpanna hone ke bAda hamezA banA rahatA hai, ataH ise sAdi aura ananta kahA hai| yahA~ bhI pratiyogitA samavAya sambandha se avacchinna hai kyoMki bhagna tantuoM meM isI sambandha se paTAbhAva batalAyA jA rahA hai| yadi koI una bhagna tantuoM para koI dUsarA paTa lAkara rakha de taba bhI paTAbhAva vahA~ rahegA kyoMki saMyoga sambandha se vahA~ paTAbhAva nahIM batalAyA gayA hai apitu samavAya sambandha se batalAyA gayA hai| ataH sabhI abhAvoM meM sambandha kA bar3A mahattva hai| yadi koI una tantuoM ko punaH jor3a de to bhI dhvaMsAbhAva rahegA kyoMki vaha nayA paTa utpanna huA hai purAne paTa kA to dhvaMsa banA hI hai| prazna-kyA dhvaMsa kA bhI dhvaMsa hotA hai ? uttara-nahIM, dhvaMsa kA dhvaMsa mAnane para vaha sadbhAva rUpa hogA, jo abhISTa nahIM hai| (3) atyantAbhAva-ise nitya saMsargAbhAva bhI kahate haiN| yaha na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai, apitu traikAlika hai| prAcIna naiyAyika vAyu meM rUpa ke abhAva ( samavAya sambandha se) ko atyantAbhAva kahate haiM kyoMki vaha traikAlika hai| bhUtala meM jo ghaTAbhAva ( saMyoga sambandha se ) hai use utpatti aura vinAza vAlA (ghaTa haTAne se hone vAlA aura ghaTa lAkara rakhane se naSTa hone vAlA) hone se pRthak mAnate haiM parantu navIna naiyAyika donoM ko nitya (traikAlika) atyantAbhAva mAnate haiN| unake mata se ghaTa ke le Ane para bhI ghATAbhAva banA rahatA hai kyoMki vaha nitya aura vyApaka hai| vizeSa ke" lie dekheM nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvali Adi grantha / (4) anyonyAbhAva-yaha bhI nitya abhAva hai parantu isameM pratiyogitA tAdAtmyasambAndhAvacchinnA hotI hai| pRthaktva guNa se isakA bheda hai, yaha pRthaktva guNa ke vivecanaprasaGga meM (pR0 39) kahA jA cukA hai| . prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAva pratiyogI ke samavAdhikAraNa meM rahate haiM / atyantAbhAva do padArthoM meM saMsarga ( saMyogAdi sambandha ) kA aura anyonyAbhAva tAdAtmya kA niSedha karatA hai| mImAMsakoM evaM vedaantiyoN| ke anusAra abhAva kevala adhikaraNarUpa hai| [upasaMhAraH] sarveSAM padArthAnAM yathAyathamakteSvantarbhA--- vAtsaptaiva padArthA iti siddham / kANAdanyAyamatayo_lavyutpattisiddhaye / annambhaTTena viduSA racitastarkasaMgrahaH / / [iti zrImahAmahopAdhyAyAnnambhaTTaviracitastarkasaMgrahaH samAptaH ]
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________________ tAlikA [123 '122] [ tarkasaMgrahaH AtmA (jnyaanaadhikrnnm)| paramAtmA (th) mana (sukhAdya palabdhisAdhanam) jIvAtmA (aneka) anuvAda-[ upasaMhAra ] sabhI padArthoM kA yathocitarUpa meM ukta padArthoM meM hI antarbhAva ho jAne ke kAraNa sAta hI padArtha haiM, yaha . "siddha hotA hai| kaNAda ( kaNAdasyedaM kANAdam ) aura nyAya ke matoM meM bAlakoM * kI vyutpatti (kuzalatA) kI siddhi ke lie vidvAn annabhaTTa ne tarkasaMgraha bnaayaa| [zrI mahAmahopAdhyAya annambhaTTaviracita tarkasaMgraha samApta ] vyAkhyA-zakti, sAdRzya Adi samasta padArthoM kA antarbhAva * pUrvokta dravya, guNa Adi sAta padArthoM meM hI ho jAne se sAta hI " padArtha haiN| __nyAyadarzana meM pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, '. avayava (pratijJA Adi ), tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, hetvA* bhAsa, chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna ye solaha padArtha mAne gaye haiN| ina solaha padArthoM meM jalpa se sekara nigrahasthAna paryanta chaH padArthoM kA ' mukhya lakSya hai 'vipakSiyoM ke siddhAntapratipAdana meM doSoM kA udghATana, unakA khaNDana aura svapakSa kA saMrakSaNa' / prameya bAraha haiM-AtmA, "zarIra, indriya, artha, buddhi, mana, pravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva, phala, duHkha aura apavarga (mokss)| isakA vicAra dIpikA TIkA meM tathA nyAyazAstra ke granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai, ataH vahIM se dekhanA caahie| // hindI manISA-vyAkhyA samApta / / dravya-vibhAjana (1) anitya (yaNa kAdi) dizA kAla sparzavat) sparzavAn) guNakam) vyavahArahetu:) vyavahArahetuH) AkAza (zItasparzavatyaH) (uSNa- (rUparahita- (zabda- (atItAdi- (prAcyAdi vAyu teja jala indriya viSaya (vAyuloka) (tvak) (prANAdi) zarIra Akaraja udayaM (Aga) (vidyu da) (udarAgni) (dhAtuyeM) divya / anisya (yaNa kAdirUpa)| bhauma viSaya indriya nitya (paramANurUpa) (Adityaloka) (cakSu) zarIra anitya (dacaNukAdi) viSaya / indriya (varuNaloka) (rasanA) (nadI Adi) nitya . (paramANurUpa) zarIra | nitya (paramANu) anitya (paramANu) (dhaNukAdi) nitya pRthivI (gandhavatI) indriya viSaya (hamArA) (prANa) (ghaTAdi) zarIra
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________________ 124 ] [ tarkasaMgrahA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.00 0 (2) dravya-vibhAjana ke anya prakAra :1-[ka] eka-AkAza, kAla, dizA aura paramAtmA / [kha] aneka zeSa sabhI / 2-kA nitya (dhvaMsApratiyogitvam )-AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA, mana, prathivyAdi ke paramANa / [kha] anity-dvynnkaadi| [ga] nityAnitya--pRthivyAdi caar| 3--[ka] vyApaka (sarvamUrtadravyasaMyogitvam )-AkAza, kAla, dizA, aatmaa| [kha] ekadezavartI-mana, paramANu / [ga] ekAdidezavartI-pRthivyAdi caar| 4--[ka] bhUta ( samavAyikAraNatvam yA bahirindriyagrAhyavizeSaguNa vattvam )-pRthivI se AkAza taka / [kha] abhUta--zeSa sbhii| 5--[ka] mUrta (kriyAvadravyatvam yA parichintraparimANatvam) pRthivyAdi cAra tathA mana / [kha] amUrta-zeSa sbhii| (3) nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana ke pramukha AcArya nyAyadarzana ke AcArya vaizeSikarzana ke AcArya gautama (nyAyasUtra) kaNAda (vaizeSikadarzana) vAtsyAyana (bhASya) rAvaNa ( bhASya) udyotakara (bhASyavArtika) prazastapAda (padArthadharmasaMgraha) vAcaspatimizra I (tAtparyaTIkA) udayanAcArya (kiraNAvali) jayantabhaTTa (nyAyamaJjarI) zrIdharAcArya ( kandalI) bhAsarvajJa (nyAyasAra-svopajJaTIkA) vallabhAcArya (nyAyalIlAvatI) udayanAcArya (nyAyakusumAJjali) zaGkaramizra ( upaskAra.) gaGgeza upAdhyAya (tattvacintAmaNi) vizvanAtha (kArikAvalI) vizvanAtha (kArikAvalI) annambhaTTa (tarkasaMgraha) katipaya mahattvapUrNa prakAzana ----Rgveda-prAtizAkhya vistRta hindI vyAkhyA 2-Rgveda-prAtizAkhya eka parizIlana 45.00 3-zukla yajurveda-prAtizAkhya vistRta hindI vyAkhyA 4-kaThopaniSad prathama adhyAya 5-zizupAlavadha prathama sarga 6-kirAtArjunIya prathama sarga 7-alaMkAra prakAza 8-manusmRti dvitIya adhyAya 9- zukanAsopadeza 10-raghuvaMzamahAkAvya 11-abhijJAnazAkuntala 1650 12-svapnavAsavadattam 1000 13bRhaddevatA prathama adhyAya . 10.00 14-saMskRta-pravezikA vyAkaraNa, anuvAda evaM nibandha 1500 15-prAkRta-dIpikA vyAkaraNa, anuvAda evaM saMkalana 16-uttarAdhyayana sUtra eka parizIlana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0