Prakritadhyaya

Author(s): Kramdishwar, Satyaranjan Banerjee, Dalsukh Malvania, H C Bhayani
Publisher: Prakrit Text Society Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001368/1

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Prakrit Text Series No. 22 PRAKRTADHYAYA KRAMADIS VARA Edited by Dr. Satya Ranjan Banerjee M'A., D.Phil. (Calcutta), Ph.D. (Edinburgh) PRAKRIT TEXT SOCIETY AHMEDABAD-380 009 1980

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PRAKRIT TEXT SERIES No. 22 General Editors D. D. Malvania H. C. Bhayani Prakrtadhyaya (THE PRAKETA BOOK OF THE SAMKSIPTASARA ) by Kramadisvara Edited by Dr. Satya Ranjan Banerjee M.A., D. Phil. (Calcutta), Ph.D. (Edinburgh) PRAKRIT TEXT SOCIETY AHMEDABAD-380009. 1980

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Published by Dalsukh Malvania Secretary, Prakrit Text Society L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad-380009. First Edition 1980 Price Rs. 5/ Printed by Mahanth Tribhuvandas Shastri Sree Ramanand Printing Press Kankaria Road Ahmedabad-380022

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prAkRta anya pariSad, anthAGka-22 saMkSiptasAragataH prAkRtAdhyAyaH kramadIzvarakRtaH saMpAdakaH To. satya raMjana benarajI ema.e.,DI.phila. (kalakattA), pIeca.DI.(eDinbarga) prAkRta grantha pariSad ahamadAbAda 1980

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GENERAL EDITOR'S FOREWORD The eighth book of Kramadisvara's Samksiptasara is devoted to Prakrit. It has its value as a text belonging to the Eastern School of Prakrit. grammarians. Dr. Banerjee has given us here for the first time an edition of the Prakstadhyaya of the Samksiptasara that is based on all the available manuscripts of the text. He has also consulted the earlier printed editions. In presenting the Sutras he has indicated parallels from the works of other Eastern grammarians ard from Hemacandra's Prakrit grammar. Thus he has given us a axt that is carefully based on the available mansucript evidence, is against the text in the earlier uncritical and careless edit the present state of the available materials, there is very little that can be further reliably achieved in the matter of establishing the text. It is however obvious that the resulting text is far from satisfactory and this is so because all the available manuscripts of the Prakrit book of the Samksiptasara, agreeing very closely among themselves (as noted by Dr. Banerjee), derive from a prototype that appears to have been considerably incorrect and defective. Consideration of a few doubtful places in the Apabbramsa section will easily bring out this point. * Under 5, 5 we read muka vadha. But cumpare Siddhahema (=SH.), 8, 4, 422 (13) : mudhasya nalia-vaohaul and the illustrations under 402, 422(4). With sangha sahu compare SH. 8, 4, 366 : sarvasya saho va, and the illustration under 4, 422(16). Under 5, 7 we read nunam nada nada navai. Compare SH. 8, 4, 444 which notes nam, nau, nai, navai and jani in the sense of 1 Under SH, 4, 2, 174 vadhah vadho is obviously incorrect for mudhah vadho.

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6 iva (i.e. as particles of comparison). In jadaso tadaso (under 5, 113) for jaiso taiso also i is similarly misread as da. Under 5, 13 kimpa seems to stand for kimva. 5. 14 treats diminutive suffixes. Compare SH. 8, 4, 429 and ff. In gahuli -ula- is the diminutive suffix. Compare gahuli (Desinamamala 2, 89) derived from gaha-(Sk.graha-) and sahuli (SH. 4, 2. 174) derived from saha (Sk. sakha.). Besides the diminutive sense, these suffixes have other shades also, e.g. grief or depression (kheda-). This is illustrated by hiada (derived from hiaa- with the diminutive suffix -da-) in hiada phutti (cf. SH. 8, 4, 357(3): hiada phutti tada-tti kari etc., where hiada means 'O poor heart'). Under 5, 22 and 5, 30 it is said that vai means vari 'water'. This is very much suspect. Such a word is quite unknown. The expected forms are variem, varim etc. Under 5, 40, aim quite obviously stands for maim. Compare SH. 1, 4, 377. Under 5, 41 lahatum and lahevvatum seem to stand for lahaum and lahevvaum respectively. Under 5, 48 tuna is given as an abstract noun forming suffix. This should be obviously ttana (Compare SH. 8, 4, 437. The commentary gives a form with the suffix - ttana as an option for one with the suffix -ppana). Under 5 67 we read seso nagare vasakadau. Here the last word should read rasakadau (Nitti-Dolci reads so: see Prakrit Grammarians, p. 150). As the metres like Doha were characteristic of the compositions in the Vracada variety of Apabhramsa, so the metres like Rasaka were characteristic of Nagara Apabhramsa.2 2 Ratnasrijnana in his commentary on Dandin's Kavyalak sana, 1, 37 has mentioned Rasaka as one of the characteristic literary forms or metres of Apabhramsa. See Thakur and Jha, Kavyalak sana, 1957, p. 25.

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Among the 'Desya' expressions (desokti) listed under 5, 96 bappe (1), puttare3 (2) and marive (3) should be possibly buppa etc. i.e. ending in a, and mariva is an obvious corruption of marisa. amho, amhi, amha (8) stand for ammo, ammi, amma respectively. Among the particles expressing ironical surprise (16) maru (morphologically, imperative second person singular of mar- to die'; cf. Mod. Guj. mare expressing, inter alia, fond admiration under the ruse of a curse), uha ('look !) and mari (=imperative second person singular of the causative mar: cf. Hindi mar dala, Guj. marya or mari nakhya used metaphorically in a comparable sense) are, like several other expreesions in the list, to be taken as idioms or fixed phrases used metaphorically. je and ji are said to be ivarthe. But they are always used as emphatic and not comparative particles. So the correct reading should be evarthe. Compare SH. 8, 4, 420. There is some obvious textual confusion in the expressions listed under 5. 96 (23). The end portion should constitute one separate item : kalla-kalli hyastana-svastanayoh. What precedes this seems to be quite different, having no connection with the meanings 'yesterday' and 'tomorrow'. Under 5, 96(32) we read vissaha-vitano glhasamparkayoh. Here vilano stands for viszalo. Comparc asprsyasamsargasya vityalah under SH. 4. 8. 422 and its illustration. The fact is that the whole section called Desisara seems to have numerous corruptions. Finally in the illustration given under 5, 113 jadaso and tadaso are, as already pointed out, obvious corruptions for jaiso, taiso Compare SH, 8, 4, 403. It is thus quite clear that in the available manuscripts of the Prakstadhyaya, the Apabhraisa portion is very badly preserved. Incidentally, it is to be observed that as we find several groups of Sutras with the same internal sequence (and at times with the same illustrations) commonly shared by the Apabhramsa portion of Kramadisvara's Prak stadhyaya and that of Hemacandra's Prakrit grammar, 3 cf. the slang expression pattar in Modern Gujarati, 4 See for example Prakytadhyaya, 5, 48 to 52 and SH. 8, 4, 437 to 44 and the illustrated forms daiena, daiem, aggien, aggin, aggina, dholla, hiada etc. commonly given in both of them.

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8 we are led to believe that they must have used some identical earlier source for their treatment of Apabhramsa. But till we come across some better manuscript preserving the original text more faithfully, we shall have to be satisfied with the text painstakingly set up by Dr. Banerjee. The Prakrit Text Society is grateful to him for having kindly edited the text on their behalf. H. C. Bhayani

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INTRODUCTION 1. Earlier Studies on Kramadis'vara's Prakrit grammar $1. Christian Lassen was the first scholar, so far known to us, who had utilised from a manuscript in Paris the Prakrit grammar in the Sanksiptasara of Kramadisvara in his Institutiones Linguae Pracriticast published in the year 1837. Two years later, Nicolas Dalius had also utilised the same manuscript and appended the 'dhatvadesa' portion of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar to his Radices Pracriticae, Bonnae Ad Rhenum in 1639, which is regarded as a supplement to Lisson's Institutiones. Though Kramadisvara's granmar was utilisei by these two scholars as early as 1837.39, yet they did not seem to have attached much value to his work. It was Cowell who had practically for the first time announced the proper worth of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar which is of great value in correcting Vararuci's text'. * Cowell said that many difficult and obscure passages of Vararuci's Prakrta-prakasa could be made clear, if Kramadisvara were properly consulted. Cowell really understood the value of Kramadisvara, a fact which has strongly been emphasized by Grierson many years later. SS 2. It was also reported by Cowell that & text of the Prakrit Grammar of Kramadisvara was in the process of editing by Rajendralal Mitra, for the Bibliotheca Indica, of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, but 'fortunately for his reputation', says Grierson, it was never published. The date of its printing is not known, but, as Grierson? informs us it was probably somewhere about the year 1870 (?). He also says that it has just the value of not a very good manuscript. Later 1) P. 16. He has consulted the commentary of Candidevasarma, vide my L infra ($10) for detailed analysis. 2) P. 10 (fn.1). 3) Cowell's edition of Prakrataprakasa, 1868, p. XII. 4) "It is with no small pleasure that I have seen, among the publications of the Bengal Asistic Society, which are annouced as in progress an edition of the Praksta portion (of Kramadisvara), by Babu Rajendralal Mitra"-Jowell's Prakrtaprakasa, p. XII. 5) The Praksta-Dhatu.idesa etc, Calcutta, 1924, p. 79. 6) H. P. Sastri's Des. Cat. (VI), 1931, p. 1xv. 7) Ibid, p. 79.

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CRITICAL APPARATUS on, a new edition of the eighth pada of Kramadisvara s Prakrit Grammar was printed in Caloutta in 1886, but that was also a very bad and uncritical edition. Since then it has attracted the attention of many scholars ; and lastly, Grierson had laid down strong stress on the importance of this work and remarked that this Prakrit grammar of Kramadisvara would be found useful for 'controlling or substantiating the statement of other writers'. He did not edit any portion of it, but utilised the 'dhatvadesa' portion of his Prakrit grammar from Delius's Radices. That a critical edition of Kramadisvara's Prakytadhyaya has long been a desideratum is expressed by all these scholars. The present work is an humble attempt for the first time to improve considerably upon the existing text of Kramadisvara, with the help of the manuscripts collated by me. 2. Critical Apparatus and Text-Constitution I. Critical Apparatus $ 3. This editio princeps of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar called "Prakrtadhyaya" with the Vrtti is based on the following material the description of which is given below : (i) Manuscripts A=This stands for the country-made paper manuscript written in Bengali character, belonging to the Asiutic Society, Calcutta, and noticed by H. P. Sastri in his Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Asiatic Society, Vol. VI (grammar), 1931. p. 180, item No. 4495, MS. No. G. 694. The description, given there, is as follows: "Substance, country-made paper. 15 x 31 inches. Folia, 27. Lines 5, 6 on a page. Extent in Slokas, 436. Character, Bengali, Appearance, tolerable. Complete". Out of these 27 folios, the Prakrit portion runs only upto the 22nd folio, the remaining folios being for the metres and rhetorios. On the first page of the folio (i.e.,la), some other things, which are not connected with the text, are written. The analysis of the Prakrit portion can briefly be stated thus : 1) Vide my printed material P infra ($ 14) for the analysis of the printed editions of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar. 2) Grierson, Ibid, p. 79.

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INTRODUCTION 1b-3b-The first chapter--Svara-karyam nivrttam. 3b-9a-The Second chapter-Consonants with conjuncts. 9a-12a-The Third chapter-Declension. 12a-15b-The Fourth chapter-Conjugation (with Dhatvadesas). 15b-22a-The Fifth chapter-Apabhramsarambhah, Excepting the first and the last, there is no chapter-mark. At the end, it is written faaraqisof ardizz: qaurfa-tza: afq: 1 cakrapANito jyAyAn naptAsau zrIpateH kRtI // 3 iti vAdIndra cakracUDAmaNi mahApaNDita - zrIkramadIzvarakRtau saMkSiptasAre rasavatyAM at difa-qierfear gisairaa fgatutse: 1 OM durgA zaraNam // The marginal glosses of the manuscript are generally the Prakrit renderings of some Sanskrit words, classed as "akrtigana" and vice-versa. The ink used for the text is black, while some lines are marked with a red pencil, probably by the compiler of the catalogues. The manuscript is complete and is in a good condition. The handwriting of this manuscript is almost uniform and clear it is sometimes written in a small size, and sometimes in a big size, as a sequel to which the lines in each page vary from 4 to 6. It is also carefully written save for some slight mistakes common to the other manuscripts consulted and collated by me. It has some scribal errors, here and there, which arise sometimes out of orthographical similarity in the Bengali script of the 17th and 18th centuries A. D., and sometimes owing to the ignorance of the copyist. These errors are quite negligible, and could easily be corrected with the aid of other manuscripts. The manuscript bears no date. SS 4. B This manuscript in Bengali character, which has been preserved in the Vangiya Sahitya Parisat Library, Calcutta, bearing the number, Sanskrit 287, contains 15 folios written on both sides of the country-made paper, the first folio and the last being blank. Its measurement is 19 by 5 inches. It is complete and contains the textual portions of Prakrit, Chandah and Alankaras only. The ink used for the manuscript is black. In the margin, some notes, such as, the evolution of Sanskrit sounds (a>a, i, u, etc.) are found; and it is clear from the scholia that the hand-writing of the marginal notes is quite different 1

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CRITICAL APPARATORS from that of the body of the text and belongs to some other goribe of later times. Furthermore, in between the lines and also in the margin some corrections were made by a different hand: otherwise the hand-writing of this manuscript is uniform and clear. It has no marginal glosses as in other manuscripts. It does neither mention the name of the copyist, nor the date of its writing ; but judging from the general appearance of the hand-writing, the age of the manuscript might be assigned to the close of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century A.D. It is interesting to note that somebody might have used manuscript in recent times, as some Eaglish words (although very few) are found in the margin. It omits many sutras, orttis and words. It also indicates the sign of incorrect representation of a sutra or vrtti by putting a cross sign (x) over the margin. This has been made, I think, by the scribe. The manuscript has 9-12 lines in & page. The Prakrit grammar runs upto the 12th folio of the manuscript, while the rest are devoted to metres and rhetorica. The first page of the folio (i.e., 1a) though originally kept blank, shows the contents of the manuscript, (probably prepared by some other hand),. which are not always correct. The brief analysis is as follows: lb-2b=The First chapter=Svara-karyanya nivTttam. 2b-5b=The Second chapter=Consonants with conjuncts. 5b-7b=The Third chapter=Declension 7b-9b=The Fourth chapter=Conjugation (with Dhatvadegas). 9b-12b = The Fifth chapter=Apabhramsarambhah. Excepting the first and the last, there is no chapter-mark. It begins with" oM namo gaNezAya and ends with faarautsaif atatag: getim fa-face: #fa: 1 cakrapANisuto jyAyAn naptAsau zrIpateH kRtI // iti vAdIndra-cakracUDAmaNi-mahApaNDita-zrIkramadIzvarakRtau saMkSiptasAre mahArAjAdhirAja-zrImajjumara-parizodhita-vRttAvaSTamapAdaH samAptaH / zrIkRSNAya namaH / / $ 5. O=This country-made paper manuscript, written in Bengali character, belongs to the University of Calcutta, Sanskrit Department, bearing the number 1226. It has 25 folios, 17 X 34 inches with 5 or 6 lines to a page. In the margin, Prakrit renderings of some Sanskrit words, classed as "akrtigana", of the first, second and the fifth

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INTRODUCTION chapters, are found. The hand-writting is clear and uniform with some topographical poouliarities common to a Bengali script. The manuscript is complete, but its condition is not good, as the edges of the manuscript are spoiled and torn ; and here and there some repairs have been made by pasting paper. The manuscript bears the date of its writing; but it is damaged on one numerical point, thus creating some lacunae in the matter of fixing the date of writing of the manuscript. At the end, it gives the Saka era 16 [?] 8: of the four digits the third from the left (which I have put in the square bracket) is illegible, although only a left-side scrap of Bengali zero is visible, from which I conjecture that the digit might be zero. Whatever may be the number, it is pretty certain that of all the manuscripts consulted by me, it is the oldest, and thus, it helps us in correcting and improving some readings of the text. Out of the 25 folios, the Prakrit portion covers upto the 20th folio, while the remaining portions are for the metres and rhetorios. It is written on both sides of the folio, the first and the last pages being filled up with some lines quoted from the works of Kalidasa, Bhatti and others. It has the following chapterdivisions :* 1b-3a=The First chapter=Svara-karyam nivrttam. 34-8a = The Second chapter=Consonants with conjuncts. 8a-11b= The Third chapter=Declension. 11b15a=The Fourth chapter=Conjugation (with Dhat vadesa). 158 - 208=The Fifth chapter=Apabhramsa. Excepting the first there is no chapter-mark. It begins with "....... SY H7 f81a127' and ends with the following : vidyAtapo'rthI vAdIndraH pUrvagrAmI dvijaH kviH| cakrapANisuto jyAyAn nasAso zrIpateH kRtii| iti vAdIndra-cakracUDAmaNi-mahApaNDita-zrIkramadIzvarakRtau saMkSiptasAre rasavatyAM vRttau saMdhi-pAdAdinA prAkRtAntena dvitIyo'dhyAyaH / / gurucaraNebhyo nmH| zrIrastu mayi lekhake sdaa| yathA dRSTo yo di| zrIrAmagopAla devazarmaNo lipiriyaM gfF311 71286 (0)51 21a: Fatatal sitout lll One interesting thing that appears from the colophon is that it has been copied from the book of Sri Ramagopala Devasarma; but who this Ramagopala was, is very difficult to ascertain now-a-days.

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ORITICAL APPARATUS $ 6. C=This country-made paper manuscript, written in Bengali character, also belongs to the University of Caloutta and is deposited in the Department of Sanskrit. It bears the No.1308 and measures 15x4 inches. It is in good condition and contains not only the Prakrit portion of the grammar, but also the Sanskrit portion. The whole manuscript is written on both sides, the first and the last pages being blank. Black ink is used for the body of the text. The entire manuscript has 308 folios with different pagination mark for each and every chapter of the grammar. Thus folios 1 - 34 are for Samdhi ; folios 1-65 for Tinanta ; folios 1-36 for Krdanta ; folios 1-51 for Taddhita ; folios 1-20 for Karaka ; folios 1-31 for Subanta ; folios 2-46 for Samasa and folios 1-15 for the Prakrit portion, of which again the last five folios are devoted to metres and rhetorice. The Prakrit portion has 5 or 6 lines on a page. In the scholis of this portion, the Prakrit renderings of some Sanskrit words are given. This manuscript is well-preserved and is written in neat and clear hand-writing, though the entire manuscript was copied by two different persons-the Sanskrit portion being written by Sri Nanda Kumar Devasarma? and the Prakrit portion by Sri Ramamaya DavaSarma(r) on different dates which are also mentioned by the scribes. It is also said that it has been copied from the book of Sri Premacandra Devasarmam Folios 1b-3a are devoted to vowels, written as "Svara-karyam nivrttam" with some Prakrit renderings in the margin, while folios 3b-7a. are for consonantal changes with conjuncts, folios 7a-11a for declension, folios 11a-14b for conjugation and folios 14b-20a for Apabhramsa and other sub-dialects, with a 1) likhitam Sri-Nanda-Kumara-Devasarmanah sva ksaram idam". This is found after Karaka, Subanta and Samasa chapters. The style of writing of other portions e.g. Samdhi, Tinanta, Krdanta and Taddhita is a bit different, so it seems to us that those have been copied by different persons. 2) Sri-Ramamayasarmanah svaksaram idam pustakam". This is found under Prakrit portion. 3) These two scribes mention their dates of copying the manuscript thus, the Karaka portion was copied on the 7th of Sravana, Saka 1756 , Subanta on the 17th of Sravana Saka 1756 (Bengali era 1241); Samasa on the 7th of Aovina, Saka 1756 (Bengali era 1241) by Sri Nanda Kumar Devasarma; while the I'rakrit portion was copied on Saka 1771 by Sri Ramamaya Devasarma. 4) Is he the great Pandita Sri Premacandra Tarkavagisa ? (Sre Premacandra Deva Sarmanah pustakam).

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INTRODUOTION chapter-mark "Apabhramsarambhah". The Prakrit portion opens thus"...om Pramah, and the concluding portion runs as follows : 'vidyAtapo'rthI vAdIndraH pUrvagrAmI dvijaH kviH| cakrapANisuto jyAyAn naptAsau zrIpateH kRtI // iti vAdIndra-cakracUDAmaNi-mahApaNDita-zrIkramadIzvarakRtau saMkSiptasAre rasavatyAM vRttau saMdhipAdAdinA prAkRtAntena dvitiiyodhyaayH| zrIrAmamayazarmaNaH svAkSaramidaM geri 7 11 Peus 11 $ 7. V=This is also a country-made paper manuscript of the University of Visva-Bharati, bearing the No. 554. It is only fragmentary and has six folios only. It begins from the eleventh folio and ends with the sixteenth. Details of this portion of the manuscript era as follows :* Folio 118 starts with the line "jja ityetau va bhavatah" of the verb-chapter. Then it has the Dhatvadesa chapter, which begins with" jalpader jampadin" and ends in the middle of 12b. Folios 125-13a=Desisaro nipatah. Folios 13a - 15b= Apabhramsarambhah. Folio 15b-15b (4thline)= Sauraseni-prakyta saprak;tamisra-upana. gare gathadau. Folios 15b (last line) - 161=Magadka praksta. Folioa 16a - 16b=discussion of the sutra "Sabare sor etvam". It has five or six lines to a page and its size is 163 x 4 inches. It bears neither the date, nor the name of the scribe. But from the general appearance of the Bengali character of this manuscript, it may be conjectured that it was written about some 150 years ago. The commentary (Vstti) of this manuscript fully corresponds to that given in Lassen's Institutiones. So it may be regarded as the commentary of Candide vasarma. $ 8. S=This manuscript in Bengali script, found in the Govern. ment Sanskrit College, Calcutta, is complete in 27 folios of country. made paper and is distinotly written in black ink by a modern copyist from some earlier one. It has been collected from Shri J. N. Training School, Majhilpur, 24 Parganas, pear Calcutta. The number of this 1) Reference to this manuscript is found in the Puthi Paricaya (Vol-II) by Sri Panoanana Mandala, santiniketana, 1959, p. 232.

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ORITICAL APPARATUR Ms. is Vyakarana 565. It was copied in the Bengali year 1316 (=1908 A.D). There are numerous glosses of Prakrit and Sanskrit words. One important feature of this Ms. is that some explanations (=taka) of some sutras are found in the margin and these explanations are not found in any of the other manuscripts. All these tikas are included in the text. Moreover, the beginning of this Ms. is exactly the same as we find it in Lassen's book. It has some new additions also. All these will be found in the beginning of the tika of this text. This Ms. is no doubt a fair specimen of its class. There are some alight scribal errors in the matter of rendering Sanskrit words into Prakrit; and these matters have not been recorded in the foot-notes as variants. It begins with eq* aut quote Il cfTcia a and ends with--faraatset aretes:..... alse17: 1A: 1 TEF5717790-980: 979 fuT' F1g? || (27 folio). The Prakrit grammar is upto folio 21a and the first line of 21b. $ 9. 8.=This country-made paper manuscript, written in almost modern Bengali character, with usual method of topographical peculiarities wbioh can be inferred from the form of the letters and the quality of the paper, is also found in the Government Sanskrit College Library, Calcutta. It is written in black ink and bears the number Vyakarana 716. It has 5 lines per page. It has 10 folios and is incomplete. It contains the Prakrit renderings of Sanskrit words found in the V?tti and Sanskrit renderings of Prakrit words found in the examples of the sutras. There are some marginal notes and explanatory statements (i. o., tika), and these have also been included in the text. These two tikas of S and S, do not tally with each other in respect of explaining the sutras, i.e., these two Mss. do not explain the same sutras in the margin. The beginning of this Ms. is _ namo gaNezAya / samRddhyAderAdiradAd vA // and it extends upto the vytti saMskRtAnusArAt supA saha yuSmadasmaof the sutra no. III. 58. (ii) Printed material. $ 10, L=This indicates the textual portions of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar as given by Christian Lassen in his Institutiones

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Linguae Pracriticae, Bonnae Ad Rhenum, 1837. Lassen has not given a complete text of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar, but some important portions of the text (with the exclusion of Maharastri dialect) have been dealt with. The text as given by Lassen is as follows: A. Text of Magadhi-p. 393. B. Paisaci-pp. 440-41. C. D. 19 19 " 29 INTRODUCTION " 91 Apabbramsa-pp. 449-53. Sauraseni-pp. 50-51 (Appendix). Lassen's stress was mainly on the fifth chapter of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar, i. e., the chapter which deals with the Apabhramsa, SauraMagadhi, Paisaci and other sub-dialects. Lassen has also discussed analytically the main peculiarities of these dialects which are based on Vararuci1 and Kramadisvara. In pp. 30-49 of the Appendix (Excursus V Ad Librum II) he has given, in a nutshell, some abstracts of the first and second chapters (i. e., vowels and consonants) of the text of Kramadis vara's Prakrit grammar with constant reference to the sutras of Vararuci. In instituting this comparison Lassen has quoted only a few important extracts (sometimes only one or two words) from the manuscript consulted and collated by him, in order to show the variations from Vararuci. In several other places," a few eutras or lines from the manuscript have also been quoted, and I have consulted them in their respective places. 9 1 SS 11. Lassen himself notes that the Prakrit portion of Kramadis vara's grammar has been taken from a manuscript in Paris. He also informs us that the name of the commentary (vrtti) of this manuscript is Pra rta-dipika by Candide vasarma. The beginning of the manuscript of Prakrta-dipika by Candidevasarma, as quoted by Lessen, is as follows: 8 praNamya gurumAnandaM sAndrakAruNyavAridhim / zrIkRSNAkhyaM paramAtamanaM tadIyaprItihetave // 1) The text of Vararuci has also been partly edited by him. 2) Vide pp.. 18, 354, 356, 357, 367, 369 and p. 52 (Appendix). 8) P. 16. 4) Dolci paratmanam.

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-10 ORITICAL APPARATUS zobhAkara-kulodbhUta-zrIcaNDIdeva-zarmaNA / kriyate'STamapAdasya TIkA prAkRta-dIpikA // tatra "sarvabhASAsu lakSaNaM saMkSiptasAramAcaSTa"1 ityanena prathama prtijnyaatm| saMpUrNasarvabhASAsu saMskRta-prAkRtAdirUpAsu yallakSaNaM tadeva spaSTaM vaktavyamiti tatredAnI saMpUrNa-saMskRta-bhASA-lakSaNaM samApya lakSaNAntaram Arabhe smRddhiityaadi| (samRddhathAderAdirakAro Ad vA bhavati lokAnusArAt prAkRte 4 ) / nanu sarvaireSA prayoktabyA bhASA vRddhAnusArato granthazeSeNaiva saMskRtabhASAlakSaNasya ziSTaprayogasya vidhAnamavazeSa uktastat kimartha lakSaNAntarANItyata Aha lokAnusArAt prAkRta iti / saMskRte samRddhizabdasya kevalasya kvacidapyAdibhUtasyAkArasya AvidhAnaM nAstIti / ataH pArizeSyAt prAkRta evAyaM vidhidraSTavyaH / etadapi lokAnusArAn nATakAdau mahAkavi-prayoga-darzanAt prAkRtaM mahArASTradezIyaM prakRSTabhASaNam / tathA ca daNDI-mahArASTrAzrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduriti, tathA AbhIrAdi giraH kAvyeSvapabhraMza iti sthitiriti / / $ 12. It is important to note here that just after a century, Luigia Nitti-Dolci has also consulted the same manuscript preserved in the Bibliothe que Nationale, Paris, (Skt. Coll. No. 578), the beginning of which is also the same as given by Lassen, with the slight variation noted above. Dolcideg has also informed us that the eighth pada of Kramadisvara's Samksiptasara was made known to Europe by Father Pons, a Jasuit missionary, who rent a copy of the same to the Royal Library in 1783. Dolei is of the opinion that, so far as it is known to her, this is the only manuscript in Europe in Bengali character, of the 8th pada of the Samksiplasara, which was probably copied in the 17th century A.D. It is this Bengali manuscript of Paris which h utilised by Lassen in his Institutiones. According to her this very manuscript of the Prakyta-dapika by Candidevasarma was copied by Jacquet for Lassen. The copy was done so carefully that it could easily replace the original. The manuscript bears no date. It has 36 folios and has the same colophon as that of A,C&C1. $ 13. D=This stands for the text of Prakrta-dhatvadesa of Kramadisvara as edited by Nicolas Delius and given in his Radices 1) This line is found in the commentary of Goyicandra under mangala. carana verse. 2) Dolci tadirupasu. 3) Doloi gives arabhate. 4) Found in the foot-note of Lp. 16. 5) Les Gram m. Pkt. pp. 129 & 132.

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11 Pracriticae, Bonnae Ad Rhenum, 1839. He too had edited this text from the same Bengali manuscript from Paris, consulted and collated by Lassen. That is why Delius's treatise is regarded as a supplement to Lassen's work. We are, therefore, fortunate enough to consult the Dhatvadesa portion of Candideva's commentary with the help of Delius's Radices. INTRODUCTION SS 14. P This means the text of the eighth pada (i.e., Prakrtapada) only, in Devanagari character, published by Banerjee and Mukherjee & Co., No. 62, Amherst Street, Calcutta, 1886, and printed by Pitambara Vandyopadhyaya at the Anglo-Sanskrit Press No. 2 Nababdi Ostagar's Lane (Sanskrit Press Depository). On the cover page it is written : mahArAjAdhirAja - jumaranandi-parizodhitAyAM rasavatyAM vRttau zronIlamAdhavanyAyAlaGkAra - zrIkSetranAthakAvyatIrthena sampAditaH // This is the only text that has been printed so far in Devanagari character. It is needless to say that this printed edition (P) can hardly be called a critical edition, as the editor has not given us sufficient indications of the manuscripts utilised by him. As a sequel to this, no variant readings have been given by the editor. The readings as given there are not always correct, nor are they warranted by the available manuscripts. It has been printed carelessly, and not even proper care has been given in the matter of spelling the Prakrit words. The reading of the text does not always correspond to that of the vrtti (commentary) thereon. SS 15. P1This is the text edited by Benimadhava Chakrabarty in Bengali script, with the vrtti of Jumaranandi and the commentary of Goyicandra, and published by the author himself, Calcutta, 3762#P[34478 1899 A.D. (1307 B. S.). SS 16. P-This text is edited by Syamacarana Kaviratna with the vrtti and commentary of Jumaranandi and Goyicandra respectively and published by Gurudasa Chattopadhyaya, Calcutta, 1910 A.D. (=1318 B.S.). The script of the text is Bengali. SS 17. P. This is the text lately edited by Gurunatha Vidyanidhi, with the vrtti of Jumaranandi and the commentary of Goyican 1) Vide pp. 10-12. 2) Vide p. 10 (fn. 1)

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12 CRITICAL APPARATUS dra, and published from the Cbatrapustakalaya, Caloutta, 1924 A.D. (=1332 B. S.). The editor has used the Bengali script for the text. $ 18. All these tbree editions (P1, P, & Ps) are complete (i. e. including Sanskrit portion) and are in Bengali character. It has been found that all of them are badly and uncritically edited and one has. blindly followed the other. So far as the Prakrit portions are con. cerned, it is evident that all these three (P1, P, & Ps) have copied from P which is earlier, because the errors that we find in P have also crept into these editions without any improvement whatsoever.. So with regard to the Prakrit text, the editions P1, P, and P, are ad verbatim of P. I have, therefore, consulted only the text P, although occasionally others have also been consulted in a very few cases, where any difference was noticed. SS 19. These four printed editions (P, P1, P, & Ps) are eclectic and based on no recognizable principles. In reality, these are neither trustworthy nor adequate as good Prakrit grammar, Since the editors of these printed editions have not given us any information whatsoever, about the Mes, consulted and collated by them, the value of these printed editions, as it can be judged, is less than that of a single good manuscript. (iii) Textual readings of all the Manuscripts and those of L and D identical SS 20. Now, from the descriptions of L, D and Sabove, we are in a position to say that we have been able to consult partly the Prahrla-dipika of Candidevasarma, although we cannot definitely assert this until the manuscript of Candidova as consulted and collated by Leggen, Delius and Dolci has personally been examined by us in its entirety. It is found that Lassen and Dolci have only quoted the beginnings from this manuscript in which the name Candideva along with his taka Prakrta-dapika occurs. We have also noticed that Lassen and Dalius have presented ug many portions of the text, such as, Magadbi, Paisci, Apabbramsa, Dbatvadesa and others, from this manuscript. This gives us some opportunity to consult, compare and contrast the texts of Lassen and Delius with those of the manuscripts, A, B, C, C1, V, S and S, consulted and collated by me. On closer analysis and exami. dation, it is observed that the portions edited by Lassen and Delius

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INTRODUOTION 13 are perfectly in common with the manuscripts A, B, C, 02, V, S, and S, exceptiag a few readings of Land D, which can easily be regarded as variants. It is curious to note again that the sutras and the commentary thereon, are exactly the same as the edited portions of Lassen and Dalius. In order to show this similarity the following instances may be cited : Ohapters Text of L and D Manuscripts A BOC, and VSS and P No, sutras Ch. I Su. 8 la vani-vadarayor nityam !! lonam, voram !! (LP. 40 APP.) Su. 8. lavana-vadara yor nityam !! lonam, voram !! , >> , 14 adidutasca samyukte !! kajjam, karanijjam, gujjo 11 (LP. 40 APP.). In L (P. 40 APP.) the first chapter ends with Svara-karyan nivs. ttam, 14. alidutasca samyukte !! kajjam, karanijjam, sujjo 11 So also in A BOO, SS. and P. II , , 2 kvacid gatvam va !! gaanam, gay nam va !! (LP. 41 APP.) 2. kvacid yatyam va !! gaanam, gayanam va !! ,, ,, 3 kvacid: vatvam va !! subao, suhavo va !! 3. kvacid vatvam va !! suhao, subavo va !! IV ,, 46 jampadir jalpadeh !! jalpader dbatoh sthane jampadir bhavati// jumpai 11 After this D gives & long list of rootsubstitutes. (DeliusDhatradesa p. 10) . 46. jalpader jampadih !! jalpader dhatoh sthane jampadir bhavati// jampas !! After this A BO C, V and S (also P) give a long list of rootsubstitutes. The number is a bit lesser than in D. 86. Magadhyam sasoh sah !! >> V , 86 Magadhyam sasoh sah !! .. , , 87 ro lah !! o , .. 88 yapacavargayukta manag. uocaryah 11 (Lassen p.393) ,, 87. ro lah !! ,,88. sata-varga-yukta managuccaryah !! A=yata cavarga eto.

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14 ORITIOAL APPARATUS Such instances need not be multiplied. In this way, if the whole text is reproduced, identical readings (excepting a few variants) will be noticed. Furthermore, Lassen and Delius have sometimes presented us better types of readings which have been incorporatedin the text, where the manuscripts are not clear. It will also be seen (vide emendation $ 26) that the readings of Lassen and Delius have helped us much in determining the correct readings of the text in some doubtful and obscure cases. Below are given the references to those portions of Candideva's Prakrtadapika which have been given by both L and D. No. of sutras Chapters No. of aced, to the Text of L&D Remarks sutras printed edn. and Msg. I. Svarakaryam. 43 PP. 16-17. For Only & few abthe introduc- stracts from the tory verses of Ms of Candideva Candideva. are given, but PP. (4 0-4 1) these are the same (APP.) of Las- as in the Mas and gen. P. II. (Hal-karyam) 153 155 PP. 41-48 The excess in L chapter-mark (APP. of is due to split-up not given by Lassen). of one butra of ABOC, SS, P and the Mes and P LD. into two. 43 III. (Subantakaryam). 83 IV. (Tinantakaryam). Su. 22-25 Su. 29-30 Su. 46-83 (Dhatvadesa) No text of this portion has been given by L. P. 354 of L The entire dhatPP. 356-57 L vadesa is given PP. 10-12 Pra. by Delius. krta m gatba. dau etc.) of Delius, V. Apabhramsa- rambhah. 117 For nipata. cf. PP. 369-70 of Lassen. A pabbramsa : PP. 449-83 (L The last sutra Su. 1-70 (No. 117) is not S'auraseni : PP.50 51(APP) given by Lassen. Su. 71-85 of L. PP, 893 Magadhi : of L. Su. 86-99 Paisaci : PP. 440-41 of Su. 102-16. L. V. (contd.) Oolo iti vadindra iti vadindra Same as in phon: (after etc. (vide etc. vide the ABCO, SP. metres & rheto critical appa- description ric portions). ratus M88. of Lassen A BOC,). before. (cf, p. 15 of Lassen). There can thus be no doubt from the examples quoted above that the textual readings of all the manuscripts and those of L and Dare identical,

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INTRODUCTION 15 (iv) Candidevasarma's Praksta-dipika not identical with the vrtti of Jumaranandi $ 21. But it should be noted here at the same time that although there are similarities in textual readings between them, yet two important points can easily be discerned in this connection : first, the introductory verses of Lassen are not found in all these manuscripts excepting S; secondly, the colophon of all of them does not bear the name of Candidevasarma. From these one may conjecture that the present ortti of the Prakrlapada (ascribed to Jumaradandi) and the commentary of CandidevaSarma are not identical, but they are confused with each other. Two possible explanations for this confusion may be suggested. First, it may be said that Candideva wrote his commentary on the ortti of Jumaranandi, with an introduction at the beginning. He was, perhaps, at the beginning a bit elaborate, as the introduction of Lassen and S shows, and then epitomised his discussions and wrote the vitti in a condensed form. Initially, he had also given some explanations of some sutras, but later on perhaps, he discarded that idea, and left it to Jumaranandi: That is why it is found that the commentary of Candideva is incomplete and fragmentary. What it seems to me is this that Candidova, perhaps, did not write his commentary on all the sutras of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar (at least we do not find it in this form so far) ; or he had begun to write the commentary, but could not complete it. This incomplete and fragmentary aspect of Candideva's commentary, as it can be judged from Lassen and S, makes this confusion between the Vrtti of Jumaranandi and the commentary of Candideva. Practically speaking these two commentaries are not identical. Secondly, it can also be surmised that when there was no commentary on the Priikrlapada (as we do not know of any other commentary earlier than this-Gogicandra's commentary not being available now), Candideva wrote this commentary independently, which had been styled, in course of time, after the Rasavati of Jumaranandi. And as his commentary was written only on the Prakttapada (after which we have portions on metres and rhetorics), we do not find any colophon of Candideva immediately after the Prakrit portion. But the colophon in which the word "Rasavati'' cocurs, is found at the end of metres and rhetorio portion. That is why in all the manuscripts

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16 CRITICAL APPARATUS (AB0C18) as well as in the printed editions including Lassen's we find in the colophon the imputation of "rasavatyam vritau", to the Prakrtapada also," and this inclusion of the word rasavati creates & confusion between these two commentaries. Incidentally it may also be mentioned here that the exegetical notes (=taka) found in the margin of sand S, were written so sporadically and unsystematically that they could not be the fragments of the commentary of Candideva, because in that case they would have been identioal. It may also be pointed out here that sometimes some explanations are found in A and these are also totally absent in these two manuscripts (i.e., in S and Si). As all these tikas found in the margins of A, S and S, do not explain the same sutras, they must have been written by different persons or copyists who had utilised them for their purposes. It is therefore, quite possible that these tikas should vary from manusoript to manuscript. However, considering that these tikas, though sporadio and fragmentary in nature, may be helpful for the understanding of some of the sutras of Kramadisyara's Prakrit grammar, these have been printed here in a different type under the caption taka in the main body of the text. II. Evalution of the manuscripts (i) Congruity in MSS. $ 22. It will be evident from the above description of the manuscripts used for the edition of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar that all these manuscripts do not show anything like recensions, nor do they fall into any group ; on the contrary, they show a close kinship and identical recension, and belong to one and the same group or family. From a careful perusal of all these manuscripts, it is not unlikely for one to surmise that one has, perhaps, copied from the other, although we are not in a position to find out the original copyist. Those manuscripts do not even vary from the printed editions, the subsequent editors of which have followed the earlier one. These manuscripts have so many common obaracteristics that the style of writing of the copyist is almost the same, excepting the forms 1) It is interesting to note that the commentary on the 8th pada is always found separately. If it is found with the Sanskrit grammar, it has still no connection whatsoever with the original manuscript ; it entirely differs in leaves and in the style of writing and it is generally copied by a different man and, perhaps, in a different place and time (vide my manuscript 0,).

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INTRODUOTION 17 . of letters, which are bound to vary from copyist to copyist. In forms, contents and chapter-markings, all these are skin to each other, excepting the number of folios which vary from manusoript to manuscript. They are all written in a Bengali character of not very old type. Only after the first chapter, do we find the chapter-marking as "Svara-karyam nivTttam" in A BOO, SS, and even in L and before the beginning of the fifth as "Apabhramsarambhah". All the colophons are exactly the same, excepting in B where an additional inclusion of "maharajadhiraja-Srimaj-Jumara-parisodhita-vittau" is found. All these manuscripts contain the metre and rhetoric portions also. The marginal glosses of Prakrit renderings are found, excepting in B where the evolution of Sanskrit sounds is given, The Sutras and the vitti's are identical and exactly the same, save a few migreadings and omissions. $ 23. Generally speaking, the readings of all these manuscripts of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar, consulted and collated by me, ere almost invariably the same, and the variants in readings which we notice in all these manuscripts are not such as to prove the existence of two or more recensions of the work. In all the Mss. the same carelessness of individual copyists, sometimes with the intention of improving upon the text of the author, is also noticed. $24Some orthographical peculiarities which are common to all these Bengali manuscripts may be noted below : (1) Vowels :) Sometimes it is very difficult for us to ascertain initial or medial a (T) or a (7) which is normally confounded with e (4) or rarely with ta (). ii) Confusions in short e () with h (3), long 7 ( 5 ) with dda (W), o ( l ) with tta ( 6 ) or sometimes with tu ( 9 ),u () with da (5),( 4 ) with tra ( 0 )-are noticed. jii) : (visarga) is retained when it should be dropped in Prakrit words; and it is, at times, dropped in Sanskrit words where it is to be retained. iv) (anusvara) is given with a dot (.) above the word, and sometimes as usual (2),

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18 ORITIOAL APPARATUS (2) Consonants : Simple v) In consonant, the following sounds, initial or medial--are generally confounded : ka ( ) and pha ( F ); kha (30) and tha (t);2 ( t ) and bha ( 5 ); ca ( 5 ) and va or ba ( 7 ): tha ($) and oa ( 5 ), da ( 5 ) and (EUR); na (9) and la ( 77 ) and also with na (at); da (7) and pa (9); ra (7) and ba or va ( 7 ); ya ( 7 ) and ja ( 8 ). vi) Besides, the following consonants with vowels, other than a(9), are also confounded : dha (1) and ? (*); bhi with hu (7) or gu (*): pu.(%) and mu (I) with su (2). vii) The three sibilants are freely confused. (3) Conjuncts viii) It is to be noted that conjuncts like jra (9) and jja (*); dru (F) and hra (?); stra () and stra ( ); stha ( ) and hu () are not easy to distinguish. ia) As all the manuscripts are written in Bengali script, we find the following system of doubling : rija ($), rddha (F), ryya ( 5 ), rova (), rmma (*) eto. a) Two aspirate sounds are generally retained, where the previous one should be de-aspirated. It is curious again to note that the mistakes of these manuscripts are almost exactly the same, save in a few cases which are, however, generally helpful to as in improving the reading of the text. (ii) Differences in the MSS. SS 25. Although there are points of similarity, still they differ in some respects. The beginnings of all of them are not always similar and so also the colophons. Besides, in C and O, the dates of copying the manuscripts are given, while the rest are silent on this point. There are also some differences in readings, and these are helpful to us in ascertaining the correct readings of the text by eliminating many misreadings and scribal errors.

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INTRODUO TION (iii) Emendations SS 26. To edit a text like Kramadisyara's Prakrit grammar, some sort of emendations are necessary, where the readings of the text are exclusively incorrect and meaningless 88 can be inferred from the texts of other grammarians, earlier or later. If this is not done, I am afraid, the text will be full of misrepresentation of the characteristics of Prakrit language, because, an the readings of all these manuscripts as well as of the printed editions generally follow each other in forms and contents, and even in the case of omissions, mistakes, carelessness and slipshod penmanship eto., it is necassary to suggest some convenient emendations of the text in some rare cases (which are put in [ ] square brackets), not with the pretension of improving upon the author, but to arrive at the genuine readings of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar which have suffered a good deal at he hands of the soribe through generation after generation of manusoript copying. Although the emended readings have been incorporated in the text, their variants have been recorded in the footnotes. It may be that with this procedure this edition may not claim to be critical in the true sense of the term, but it is hoped that this may be an authentio edition within the compass of the material available at our disposal, This does not mean that I have levelled down the linguistic peculiarities of the text, but the text itself is presented in a standardised form following the linguistic characteristics of Kramadisvara as evidenced from the text. For example, under the sutra-"sayyaderet" (1.4) the word "vandi" is given as one of the words belonging to this class of "akrtigana" in all the manuscripts as well as in the printed editions. Lassen's quotion contains "valli", although the ligature is "vanda" and this lends support to my emended reading as [valla), because, in all the texts of the eastern grammarians, under the same "akytigana"; the word "valla" is found and not "vanda". In this way, iD ABOC,SS,L and P, the reading of the sutra lobharthe baspe (II. 71) is hazy and difficult to understand. It is found that Lassen bas tried to correct it as alobharthe eto., in order to arrive at the genuine reading of the text. But still the meaning of this sutra is unintellingible. It can, therefore, be presumed, on the strength of other grammarians, that the sutra might have been composed in the

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20 CRITICAL APPARATUS form of lo [vardre] baspe (han] which, in course of time, has undergone a radical change. Considering this, the portions enclosed in the bracket have been emended as such. In the same way the examples, such as, asva, pusya, svasru and misra found in the ortti of the sutradurlabhadar yuktasya (II. 111), have been corrected by me in place of adhvan, puspa, satru and mitra respectively, because it is found from a perusal of other texts that words belonging to this olass-- where the preceeding vowel is optionally lengthened when one member of the conjunct is dropped-are asva, pusya, svasru and misra and not adhvan puspa, satru and mitra which become in Prakrit as addha, puppha, satta and mitta respectively. Similarly, in ABCO, VS and P the readings of the two sutras, such as (1) gahulyadir gathader. alpadar" (su. V. 14 printed editions)--gathuli vahvati !! and (2) khede" (V. 15 ibid)--hiada phuttadai uttabbha !! --are not clear. It has been thought that "gahuli vahvati khede hiada phutta dair tubbha" may be the reading of the text (only by joining the sutra "khede" with the original example). Luckily Lassen's readings have come to our rescue. He has given it as follows : gahunyadir yathader alpadau !! 14 !! gahuni vaddhati khede hiada phutta dair tubbha !! 14 !! (p. 450 of the Apabhramsa chapter). Lesson has also pointed out its correction as "vaddhadai" khede hiadaphuta etc., in the footnote. Here also we notice the identical readings of the text. In the same manner the reading of the sutrasata-vargayukta managuccaryah (V. 88) of all the printed texts is unintelligible and obscure. The manuscripts consulted by me contain the readings as "yata-cavargayukta managuccaryah" (01), "yata cavargayukta managuccaryah" (C), "yata-cavargayukta managuccaryan" (A). The reading of Lassen is "yapacavargayukta managuccaryal". Whatever may be the readings, it is pretty certain, that all these readings are not clear on this point. The insertions of p (in the reading of Lassen) and t (in the others) leave us in doubtful obscurity. Another reading beginning with s is undoubtedly a scribal error for y as corroborated by the readings of the other manuscripts. Here

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INTRODUOTION 21 also the reading of Lassen has helped us much to omend the reading of the text which will be yapa[ra] cavargayutka managuccaryah, in which case 'po has been dropped by the scribe through oversight. If this emended or conjectural reading is correct, then the meaning of this sutra will be quite clear and it will go at par with the readings of the later eastern Prakrit grammarians like, Purusottama (cuh spasta-talavyah. XII. 13), Ramasarma (cavargakanam upari prayojyo yuktesu cantahsthayakara. II. 2.18) and Markandeya (cajayor upari yah syat. XII. 21). It is quite possible that at the time of Kramadisvara the palatal sounds were pronounced with v prefixed to it. This was still prevalent at the time of Ramasarma end Markandeya $ 27. In fine, it may be added that in judging the readings of the text of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar a mechanial adherence to the forms of the sutras is as deceptive as blind allegiance to the text of any partioular manuscript, howsoever excellent or useful it might be. "It needs mention in this connection that the true method of finding out a sense depends entirely upon the proper consultation and collation of the manusoripts, sometimes by joining one or two words, if necessary, or sometimes by separating or by emendations, where the sense urgently so requires. Because, it is a matter of great surprise but nevertheless perfectly true that in ancient times the manuscripts did undergo change of colour with odds beyond arithmetio, due to the corruption and confusion of the Mas., or due to the ignorance of the scribes, or due to some additions that are made with the intention of improving upon the author. As a sequel to this, the interchanges of ca ( T ) and va (a), sa (#) and ma (H), ka (*) and pha (), tha (%) and ya ( 9 ) eto., were so much so that we are quite at a loss to decide now-4-days which was correct and should 1) The problem- the Manuscripts vs the Grammarians--has been discussed by Th. Bloch, Vararuci und Hemacandra, p. 48, by R. Pischel, Grammatik der Prakrit Sprachen ($ 44); by Walter Eugene Olark, Magadhi and Ardhamagadhi, JAOS, 44, 1924, pp. 118-121 ( 19). In addition to their arguments, I may ada here that neither the grammariang nor the manuscripts alone should be given proper importance, but the manuscripts should be judged in the light of the spirit of the author.

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22 OBITIOAL APPARATUS be taken. The collators of manuscripts best know how the original readings of ancient classics do undergo change of complexion, sometimes beyond recognition, at the hands of grammarians, rhetoricians, prosodists, and lexicographers ; how blots and blemishes steal into the manuscripts through the negligence or ignorance of the scribes ; how the intrusive hand of the poetasters, deluded by a chimerical and insolent hope of improving upon the author, inflicts a wound here and there, mora serious than the more negligence or ignorance of the copyists ; how archaisms gradually give way to modern manners of expression at the hands of scholiagts long habituated to and well co versant with familiar forms and phraseologies of the modern classio87." Such is also the case with Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar for which some sort of emendations have been suggested in order to arrive at the genuine reading of the text. III. Constitution and presentation of the text $ 28. Of the seven manuscripts (A BOO, V 8 and 8,) on which this edition is based, is the only oldest dated manuscript which hears the date Saka 16(0)8 (+18=1686 A.D.). Then comes the manuscript 0, which is also dated as Saka 1771 (+78=1849 A. D.). Only these two are the dated manuscripts, while the rest (A, B, V S and Si) are silent on this point. We can conjecture the date of L which, as Nitti-Dolci says, was copied probably in the 17th century, because of the fact that it was made known to Europe by Father Pons who sent a copy of it to the Royal Library in 1783 A.D. If her assumption is true, then it can be said that it was the oldest of the manuscripts consulted by me. But as the text of this manuscript has been partly given by Lassen, I have no other alternative than to depend upon O mainly. Again, there is a similarity between C and A, as well As between L and V; the manuscripts B and Care almost modern written within the range of hundred years. For convenience, O and A may be classed together, while L and V (though fragmentary) form the other class ; and B and C, may be kept seperately. S and S, form one group, but akin to B and C1. The printed editions are based on some other manuscripts which are akin to ABOO, 88,. They must, therefore, be classed according to the following diagram. 1) Quoted from my paper, vide PTALOO, 18th session, 1958, pp. 275-76.

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INTRODUCTION Bome unknown Manuscripts. (Archetype) (oldest type) (later than x, but akin to it) (quite modern) T S and Si Printed editions. For my edition, presented here, I have primarily followed the manuscripts C and A, though I have also consulted L and V (those portions available). The manuscripts B and C are consulted only when CAL V are not clear. Sand 8i have been consulted mainly for the tikas. The printed editions have been consulted only to check the omissions of the text. Each and every material has been scrutinised and judged from this angle of vision in order to make the text a useful one. $29. So far as the presentation of the Prakrit renderings of some Sanskrit words, olasged as "akrtigana" is concerned, I have generally followed the manuscripts ACC, 891 (although P has been consulted) and have included them just after the end of the vrtti within the the third bracket [ ]. These Prakrit renderings are found in the marginal notes of ACC. 981 and in the footnotes of P. In this randering, some incorrect Prakrit forms or scribal errors are noticeable ;

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24 ORITIOAL APPARATUS and these have been corrected following the rules of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar. In these renderings the case-terminations of Prakrit words are not given, because the Sanskrit words in the akytigana are devoid of case-terminations, although the Mgs. bear such terminations. Only the base forms are given. $30. In presenting this text certain principles have been adopted with regard to the treatment of ya-sruti, labial b and semivowel v, and dental n and corbral . In these three aspects the eastern Prakrit grammarians(r), such as, Vararuci, Kramadisvara, Purusottama, Ramasarma, Markandeya eto. differ widely from the western grammarians, like Hemacandra, Trivikrama and others. According to the dictum of the eastern grammarians a (9) is always to be written in case of ya-sruti. Because, in their opinion the rules regarding the substitution of ya for a refer to pronunciation and not to writing. So there will be no harm, if we write a () instead of ya after any vowel, e.g., a, a, i, 7, 4, u, 8 and o, when they are the remnants of the udurtta vowel; and the reader will pronounce it acoording to his practice. It is for this reason that we do not find any ya-sruti, at least, in writing, in the manuscripts of the eastern grammarians. Similarly, according to the principles of the eastern authors, the dental no is altogether omitted-be it initial, medial or conjunct. Bharata and Vararuci ( n. 7-11, 42) advocate cerebral n overywhere, 80 also Kramadisvara, Ramasarma and Markandeya. But the latter three writers (probably by the influence of the western authors) also know its option. It is found that Prakrit grammarians of the eastern School are almost unanimous with regard to the change of dental n into cerebral n in the Maharastri. The treatment of labial b and semi vowel v is somewhat different. For practical purposes v is written, although it is to be pronounced like labial b. The two sutras of Hemajandra-po bah 11 The detailed study of these three aspects along with others will be found in my paper, entitled, "Some linguistic traits peculiar to the Eastern School of Prakrit Grammarians' submitted to the Professor Sukumar Sen Felicitation volume to be published shortly from Calcutta. Here I need not go into the details about these three aspects. 2) On the two schools of Prakrit grammarians, vide my article 'A note on the two schools of Prakrit grammarians, Jaina Bharati, January 1964, pp. 32-41.

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INTRODUCTION 25 (I. 231) and bo vah (I. 237) are not found in any of the easteru texts. As the manuscripts of the eastern grammarians are either in Bengali or in Oriya character (and rarely in Devanagari), it is very difficult to understand what they actually mean when they compose the sutra in the form of cott, because in Bengali and in Oriya the same character b corresponds to the Nagari 7 and af. When we come to Kramadisvara, . we find no such distinction between & labial b and & semi-vowel v maintained from the point of view of the construction of the sutras.' He simply states 697 7: (II. 5); but what The means to say is neither clear from the manuscript nor from the other rules of the text. The above-mentioned two sutras of Hemacandra, (viz. po vah and bo vah ) are not also found in Kramadisvara. So also is the case with the other grammarians like Purusottama, Ramasarma and Markandeya. Markandeya's text is written in Oriya character and hence we are to come across the same diffioulty. Considering all these aspects of the problem, I have adopted the method of Cowell, wbo in his introduction to Vararuci's Prakyla-prakasa says--"I have also throughout followed the manuscripts in writing (a) as the Prakrit equivalent for the Sanskrit p ; in the continental editions of the plays it has been usual to write b, but for this tbere is no authority, as the manuscripts make no difference between the v=the Skt. P, and that=the Skt. v. The rules of Vararuci evidently show that there was no distinction whatever between 6 and v". He further adds-"It is not so easy to determine which of the two sounds thus absorbed the other and whether in translation we should represent it by b or v universally; the analogy of the modern languages would incline us to the former, but a sutra in Hamacandra ... seems to favour the latter, which I bave, therefore, adopted throughtout". Ho has, therefore. printed semivowel v and has rejected b altogether in his edition of Prakttaprakasa. Similarly, I have also printed semi-vowel v in the sutra po vah (II. 5) of Kramadisvara and left it to the reader to pronounce it according to his speech habit. $31, In fine, it may be added that a modest and conscientious effort has been made to present the text faithfully, carefully and cautiously as far as possible after judiciously eschewing the scribal errors. I have not

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26 KRAMADISVARA silently tampered with any of the genuine readings of the text in order to fulfil any dialectal convention or some linguistio expectation. I have always carefully noted the actual readings of the text and their variants in the footnotes where any alternative correction or emendation is suggested; not a single manusoript reading is consciously sacrificed in the interest of some editorial discipline. 3. KRAMADISVARA 1. His Life and Personal History? (i) An Anecdote about the Composition of his Grammar $ 32. The name Kramadisvara,' often credited with a grandiose appellation "Vadindracakracudamani" i.e., 'orest jewel of the circle of great controversialists or disputants', is a well-known grammarian and logician. His grammar entitled "Samksiptasaravyakarana", had the widest circulation in the western part of West Bengal, and Montgomery Martin relates that even at Dinajpur in the 17th and 18th centuries the students spent many years in studying the Samksiptasara of Kramadisvara. But unfortunately the life and 1) My information is chiefly based on the following: 0. Lassen, Institutiones etc. Bonnae Ad Rhenum, 1837 ; N. Delius, Radices Pracriticae, Bonnae Ad Rhenum, 1839 , Th. Zachariae, Kramadisvara's Samkriptasara in Bezzenberger's Beitrage, V, 1880, pp. 22-63, R. Pischel, Gramm. Pkt. Spr. & 37 : (also in his De Grammaticis Pracriticis, p. 19ff); Gurunatha Vidyanidhi, Samksiptasara Vyakarana, Calcutta, 1924, H. P. Sastri, A Des. Cat. Skt. Mss., Vol. VI. pp.lx ff , L. NittiDolci, Les Gramm. Pkt. pp. 129-146 ; Nalininath Dasgupta, Kramadisvara and his School of Grammar, IO. (V), 1938-39, pp. 357 - 61. 2) The derivation of his name offers some difficulty. According to the strict grammatical rules, it should be "Kramadisvara" with a lengthening of the initial vowel, as it is a combination of the present participle form of the Vkram, "to step" "to walk", with isvara. Gogicandra, under mangalacarana verse, has tried to defend this in the following manner : thetrat afe 44: ATE# seat 57EUR: ( sutra no. 215 ) for fara Haatfa ofensat lataafa acha, fe abf676-ciggaag nafa-4797-fa17-7fc4e4aqt oqartt: Barfa sa: 11 3) History of Eastern India Vol. II, 1838, p. 713.

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INTRODUOTION personal history of this grammarian Kramadisvara are shrouded in obscurity; and as time rolls op it has succeeded in keeping some traditions, most of them, no doubt of an apocryphal origin. These traditions, overlaid with clouds of myth and legend, (for which it is very difficult to believe and accept them) lead us to admit one thing regarding the origin of Kramadisvara's grammar and his school, for which some scholars believe that Kramadisvara, Jumaranandi and Goyicandra were almost contemporaries with an interval of less than hundred years between them. However, the anecdote about the composition of his grammar may be given below. $ 33. Kramadisvara became an orphan even from his very childbood; and so there was none to look after him. Once upon a time, when he sat down near a stream with his cowherd comates who were playing there, a teacher, while travelling, had come there and asked the boys about the direction of his destination. Some of the boys pointed to him the direction where he found a stream which he would have to cross in order to reach his goal. As there was no conveyance to take him across, he asked the boys about the depth of the river where he would find shallow water, if he wanted to ford it. The cowherds could not give any reply to it, but the child Kramadisvara, without the least. hesitation, gave & fitting reply, "Sir, you can go safely on foot by this way where the current of the stream is too strong" (and therefore sballow). The teacher did accordingly. After crossing the stream he: thought that even at that tender age the child know the intricacy of this phenomenon. Surely, he must be an intelligent boy. The teacher could not check himself and so he returned to that. bank. He asked the boy two more questions in order to test bis intelligence. Upon enquiry, he came to know that the name of the boy was Kramadisvara, a Brahmin by caste. Knowing fully well that the boy would be a great davant (Pandita) in future, he took him home and began to teach him Grammar, Philosophy, Logio, Literature and allied subjects. In due course he had become an adept in grammar; and therefore, he wished that he would compose & Sanskrit Grammar. Without informing anybody, even his teacher, he began to write a Sanskrit grammar very 1) Op. Gurunatha Vidyanidhi, Ibid, Preface, p, 3 f.

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28 KRAMADISVARA Tuoidly. One of his class-mates tacitly understood the intention of Kramdisvara and out of sheer malice to bis genius he became an impediment to the progress of his work and tried to kill him in order to put a stop to it. One day, all on a sudden, he ran amuck and made an assault upon Kramadisvara, while he had been composing his grammar. For some time & tussle went on, when, at last, Kramadisvara began to run away with his manuscript to his preceptor's house where he throw it away into his room. His friend attacked him from the back and beat him with a stiok on his head, and Kramadisvara died instantaneously. Finding him dead his friend was quite at a loss to decide which course to adopt : and at last, he fled away leaving the dead body buried under the seat of his preceptor, where he used to impart lessons to his students. In course of time the news spread far and wide ; and ultimately that assassin was caught and the teacher drove him away from his school. After a few days the teacher found some portions of Kramadisvara's grammar in his room. Then he presented that manuscript to the then king Jumaranandi who revised the grammar and also tried to restore the lost portions by the pandits of his assembly. SS 34. There is another version of this story which relates & somewhat different situation for the circulation of his grammar. It is stated tbat Kramadisvara composed his grammar very carefully ; but it had no circulation being a new one. He tried his best to teach his students, but none would give any importance to it. So, out of anger, he threw it into a pond. Others say that his grammar was so full of errors and logical fallacies that after some time he himself could not understand some portions of it. He, therefore, throw it into the pond of Jumaranandi, the then king of his time. $ 35. However, one day while Jumaranandi was walking in the evening along the bank of the pond, he saw it and brought it through his servant. The king was well-versed in different branches of the Sastras and he, therefore, understood the value of this work ; but unfortunately some portions of Krdanta, Unadi and Taddhita-padas were lost. In order to recover the lost portions he wanted to find out the real author of that manuscript. On enquiry he found out Kramadisvara whom the king requested to recover the lost portions.

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INTRODUCTION But Kramadisvara did not do it; and the king, therefore, replaced the lost portions by the pandits of his assembly. 29 36. In this way, the king recovered and corrected some portions of his grammar and circulated it in his kingdom by composing a vrtti on it. Seeing such a deep and sincere interest of the king in the work, Goyicandra wrote lucidly, under the aegis of the king, an elaborate exegetical commentary on both of them. In this way the grammar had become famous and been circulated during his life time. 37. From the first story narrated above, it may be presumed that Kramadis vara did not live long enough to complete his grammar.. He had originally composed the sutras (but not completed them),. while Jumaranandi, one of his contemporaries, had revised his sutras. and also composed a vrtti, called "Rasavati", along with the lost. portions, in order to complete it. Goyicandra has elaborately written a commentary (tika) on both of them. It is also understood from the story that Samksiptasara school had passed three stages of development to become a complete regular school. So, like Panini,. his grammar can also be called a "triad". (ii) Parentage and Native place SS 38. Unlike other later Sanskrit writers, who are often confident self-puffers, Kramadis vara leaves but a scanty record with regard to himself and his date. So we know very litte of his parentage and native place.1 But only from the end of the eighth pada of his grammar we come to know that he was devoted to learning as a hermit, a supreme logician, a very learned Brahmin, a poet and an inhabitant of Purva-grama; he was the son of one Cakrapani and the grand-son of one Sripati; and he was a successful man. $ 89. Now, to identify Kramadisvara with the physician Cakrapani (datta) of Lodhravali family, the commentator of the Caraka-samhita 1) It is not true to say that 'nothing is known of Kramadisvara's parentage. and nativity' vide S. K. Belvalkar, Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, Poona, 1915, p. 108.. 2) faaraq)suf aratez: qagint fen: sfa: 1 x11fagdt sa1913a aarat siqa: Kat 11 P. 524 of Samksiptasara vyakarana ed. by Gurunatha Vidyanidhi, Calcutta, 1924.

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-30 KRAMADISVARA and contemporary of Nayapala, is idle and futile? ; as the former was a Vaidya, while Kramadisvara came from a Brabmin stock. Similarly we are not in a position to identify Kramadisvara's grand-father with Sripati$ who supplemented the Katantra Vyakarana of Sarvavarma. $ 40. As regards his native place we are confronted with some difficulties. Because, as the word "purvagrama" generally means "& village in the east", the people of East Bengal think that he was a native of East Bengal, while others are of the opinion that since his grammar has & wide circulation in West Bengal, he must belong to that region, (iii) Discussion on Purvagrama $ 41. Purvagrama is an old name of a particular village or locality; and to it belonged the 'purvagrama-kulakalanidhi' Narayana Vidyavinoda, son of Vanosvara and grandson of Jatadhara, who wrote & commentary on the Amarakosa. From the same purvagrama hailed the Saiva pontif Visvesvara Saivacarya.* who was highly eulogised as a very learned scholar in the Malkapuram stone pillar Inscription (1261-62 A. D.) and in whose connection we come to know definitely that Purvagrama was in the province of Daksina Radha of the Gauda country. The village Purvagrama is also celebrated in the Malkapuram stone pillar Insoription by the 1) Jati-tattva-varidhi (in Bengali), by Umesh Chandra Gupta, Calcutta, 1902 p. 237. 2) There is another Sripati of the same name who wrote & small treatise called Prsodaradiurtti which was written in the Saka era 1297 (-1375 A. D.), vide Belvalkar, Ibid, p. 111. But no reference is found about his connection with Kramadisvara. 3) A manuscript of which is found in the Government Oriental Library, Madras, vide, Triennial Catalogue, Part I, Sanskrit C, 1928, pp. 5894-95. R. No. 3645. cp. Eggeling's Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, Part II, p.221, No. 830, 4) Epigraphist's Report, Government of Madras, Home Department (Education) G. 0. 1035, p. 122. 5) Mention of Purvagrama is found in the Malkapuram Stone Pillar Inscription which stands in front of the ruined temple of Visvesara, at Malkapuram, Guntintakur in the Guntin district, Madras, vide Epigraphist's Reports etc., pp. 122, 124, Malkapuram Stone Pillar Inscription of Rudradeva, JAHRS (IV), 1930, pp. 147-62; R. O. Majumdar, History of Bengal, Vol-I (Hindu period), Dacca, 1943, pp. 683, 685 (n). 6) EFT FTAFI dharmanatayaH zrIgauDa-rADhollasat-pUrvagrAma-zikhAmaNi-gaNapatimApAla-dokSAguruH kSirAdhveriva candramAH 31f74a mateient quga: sfagagart - PETTATH-stan-47749-JAHRS(IV), p. 158.

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1 INTRODUCTION Kakatiya queen Rudradevi, and is described to have been situated in the Radha division of Gauda, as also in Daksina Radha of Gauda. So from this epigraphical evidence it is clear that Purvagrama was a village in Daksina Radha of the Gaudda country which can be taken as the present Burdwan division excluding north and west Birbhum, Purulia and Bankura. Kramadisvara must, therefore, belong to that region, and in that Daksina Radha of the Gauda (West Bengal) country where his grammar was once widely circulated and nicely taught.1 31 (iv) His religion $42. With regard to his religion some say that Kramadisvara was a Saiva as he began his grammar with a salutation to this deity (i. e. Siva). But it should be remembered that the science of grammar started with Siva and hence it is also expected that he should start his work with a salutation to Siva: but that does not necessarily mean that he was a Sivaite. 8 (v), His work (a) About the name of his grammar 43. The only work of Kramadisvara that we know is his grammar which is known as "Samksiptasara" i. e., a short treatise 1) N. N. Dasgupta has aptly said, "The wide circulation of a certain work in a particular region may, therefore, it is important to note, sometimes constitute a ground to surmise, in the absence of first hand proof, that its author belonged to that region'. IO (V), p. 358. 2) zivaM praNamya sarveSAM sarvabhASAsu lakSaNam / saMkSiptasAramAcaSTe paNDitaH kramadIzvaraH / / 3) It should be noted that even the oldest commentator Goyicandra in the context of the mangalacarana verse explains the word "Siva" used by him at the beginning of his grammar as 'auspicious'. Thus he says "kalyanasamsi sutrakarah kusalapadasadrsartham sivapadam adav upanyastavan". Some may surmise that since he hails from Purvagrama, which was an abode of Saivism at that time and to which Visvesvara Saivacarya belonged, he may be an advocate of Saiva religion, but he has not mentioned Siva at the beginning of his work because of that. It should be noted at the same time that whatever religion he may have professed-be he a follower of Saivism or some other faith-it is pretty certain that he was above the sectarian prejudices.

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32 KRAMADISVARA in which all the rules of grammar are succintly described. Some? scholars are of the opinion that it is an epitome or an abridgement of some larger grammar; and as it is seen that this is a hand-book in which the nioeties of Paniai's grammar have been dispensed with for the comprehension of the beginners, it could be the abridgement of no other grammar than Panini's. But it should be borne in mind at the same time that although it is called "Samksiptasara", its bulk is second in magnitude to that of Panini's Astadhyayi.* Ramacandra's Prakriyakaumudi and Bhattoji's Sidhanta-kaumudi cannot be classed with it, as their grammars are based on Panini's Astadhyaya, recast and re-arranged. Kramadisvara adopts altogether a different method of collocation and arrangement for his grammar and he does not even follow the arrangement of Fanini. The commentator Goyioandra has also given a different explanation for the title of Kramadisvara's grammar. He says that the title may signify a treatise in which all f essential grammatical elements have been collected for the proper understanding of the beginners. So the question of an abridgement from other grammars does not arise. While criticising Belvalkar who calls 'the title' 'a misnomer', H. P. Sastri* opines that the grammar has rightly been called "Samksiptasara", because Kramdisvara, has utilised the materials of the entire grammatical literature even of the different schools, previous to him. In that Case he only reiterates the statement of Goyicandra. (b) Special features of his grammar SS 44. Kramadisvara, like Panini, has followed a system of his own; he divides his grammar into eight chapters (padas"), the last chapter being on Prakrit grammar and on metres and rhetorics. The first seven padas are devoted to Sanskrit grammar 1) S. K. Belvalkar : Sys. Skt. Gram., p. 108 f. 2) Panini has 3983 sutrag, while Kramadisvara has 3857. It is to be noted that if we exclude the sutras relating to Vedic (say about 1000) the number would have been more. We cannot, therefore, say that it is an abridgement of Panini. 3) feasy aa a fal spear afga: saMgRhItaH sAro yatra tat saMkSiptasAram / anyatra prakIrNa masAraM vidyate / tadadhyayane manda dhiyAM kevalaATH7 41, O TEET afara---taka of Goyicandra under mangalacaranz 4) Des. Cat. Skt. Mss. (VI), p. lxxiv. 5) Does he refer to the Vaidic 'asta padivak' (eightfold speech) ?

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INTRODUCTION on its different aspects, such as, Samdhi, Tinanta, Krdanta, Taddhita, Karaka, Subanta and Samasa. That he has not followed the arrangement of Panini is clear from the fact that Samdhi comes first in his system, while according to that of Panini it comes at the end. Moreover, he has rejected some of the apparently unnecessary and difficult sutras of Panini as well as the Vedic rules. H. P. Sastri1 is of the opinion that Kramadisvara had followed the Vakyapadiya of Bhartrhari (651 A, D.). But there is no justification for this surmise. SS 45. One of the striking features of his grammar is this that the commentators of this school take illustrative examples from the Bhattikavya and in this respect it has a resemblance to Bhartrhari's Dipika on Patanjali's Mahabhasya. It is interesting to note, again, that (Nara-)-narayana Vidyavinodacarya of Purvygrama wrote a commentary called Bhattibodhini, on the Bhattikavya, and he explains all grammatical peculiarities of the poem by citing the authority of of Kramadisvara's grammar. SS 46. Another special feature which is interesting for our present study is the inclusion of Prakrit in continuation of his Sanskrit grammar; and in this section (which is divided into five chapters, namely, vowele, consonants, declensions, conjugations and Apabhramsa including Magadhi, Sauraseni, Paisaci and several other sub-dialects), he has recorded some of the special traits, other than those which are common to all, of Prakrit language, particularly of Apabhramsa. (c) On the genuineness of his Prakrit grammar SS 47. But scholars are not always unanimous with regard to the genuineness of this portion. Doubts have been raised on the authenticity of the eighth chapter dealing with Prakrit, which, according to Belvalkar, is a later addition. But by citing the authority of Goyicandra" we may say that the eighth-pada (i. e. the Prakrit 2 33 1) Des. Cat. Skt. Mss. p. lxi. The similarity in the method of arrangement, though farfetched it is, does not mean that Kramadisvara has followed it truly i but the resemblanc may be regarded as accidental. 2) Keith: History of Sanskrit Literature, p. 429. 3) R. L. Mitra's Notices of Skt. Mss. Vol-IV, pp. 209-10, No. 1637, Calcutta, 1878. 4) Sys. Skt. Gram. p. 109. 5) (a ) sarvezaM zivaM praNamya sarva bhASAsu saMskRta - prAkRtapaizAcyAditu saMkSiptasAraM lakSaNaM kramadIzvaranAmA paNDita 'AcaSTe taifa zat: (b) saMskRtabhASAlakSaNAni samApyASTamena pAdena prAkRtAdibhASAlakSaNAni viracitavAn - Goyicandra under Mangalacarana verse

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34 KRAMADISVARA portion) is a genuine one. Goyicandra clearly says in his commentary that after finishing Sanskrit grammar, Kramadisvara had composed the grammar for Prakrit languages in the eighth chapter. Besides, we have seen that Kramadisvara bas followed the same scheme and technique as he used in the first seven padas of his Sanskrit grammar. Nitti-Dolci also voiced the same opinion when she tried to prove its genuineness. So, nothing can be said against the validity of the eighth pada of his grammar. (a) Why has he inoluded the Prakrit portion in his Sanskrit Grammar ? $ 48. But a question may be raised why & treatment of Prakrit be appended to his Sanskrit grammar ? The answer is simple : he has treated the language as a whole which not only includes Sanskrit ('purified') but also Prakrit ('natural'). In the Sanskrit dramas, Sanskrit and Prakrit languages have been simultaneously used. To a learner of Sanskrit who would read Sanskrit literature (specially the dramas), a knowledge of Prakrit is necessary. So, for proficiency in Sanskrit the study of Prakrit can in no way be ignored. Kramadisvara, therefore, thought it necessary to include Prakrit in his Sanskrit grammar. SS 49 Pischel(r) is of the opinion that Kramadisvara inoluded it, because Hemacandra did the same thing in his grammar. Unless Kramadisvara's date is determined, we cannot find the veracity of Pischel's remark. E. P. Sastri wants to say that Kramadisvara had included it in the interest of the Saivas of Bengal, because the Saivas at this period used the Prakrits and vernaculars in their propaganda work. The Bengal Saivas of Candradvipa wrote in the vernacular, traces of which are to be found in later Buddhist works ; and the Kasmira Saiva works are almost invariably accompained with some verses in the vernacular at the end of each chapter.* Kramadis. vara, therefore, found it necessary to give some grammar of the 1) Les Gramm, Pkt. pp. 131-32.2) Gramm, Pkt. Spr. $ 87. 3) Upadhye, A. N. Prakrit Language and Kashmir Saivism in Dr. S. K. Belvalkar Felicitation Volume, Patna, pp. 192-95.

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INTRODUOTION 35 Prakrits and the vernaculars. us, is far-fetched. E. P. Sastri's argument, it seems to (vi) Jumaranandi and Goyicandra_the two earliest commentators of his grammar $ 50. Kramadisvara's name is intimately connected with Jumaradandi and Goyicandra, the two earliest commentators of his grammar, of whom we know nothing except their names. From the commentary of Goyicandra we come to know that Jumaranandi was an independent king, as he had an imperial title, "Maharajadhiraja". | Umesh Chandra Vidyaratna' has given an account of Jamaranandi without referring to any authority. We cannot, therefore, identify Jumaranandi with all those facts mentioned by Vidyaratna. SS 61. Gogicandra has clearly stated that Jumaranandi wrote his commentary (ortti), entitled Rasavatio on the complete text of Kramadisvara. The Rasavati-vrtti of Jumara had become so famous at that time that the name of this school was designated as "Rasavata", and he himself was called "Ragavaj-Jumara". Since Jumara had ravised and corrected Kramadisvara's grammar, it is designated as "Jumara school". 1) Des. Cat. Skt. M88. (VI), p. lxii. 2) It is found in the colophon of the commentary of Goyicandra. 3) Vide his Jatitattu a-varadhi, 2nd edition, Calcutta, 1911, pp. 203-05. For information, I am giving this account in brief: It is said that Jumaranandi was the son of Jagadanandanandi in the line of Bhrgunandi (a head clerk of Vallalasena of Bengal) and was born in the year 775 B. S. (= 1368 A. D.). He belonged to Kasyapagotra and was an inhabitant of Radha. His name was variously spelt like Jumanesvara, Jambura and then Jumara. He had two sons : Lavanosvara and Mahesvara, of whom the former had three sons : It is also stated that Jumaranandi had to leave Raaha and had to settle down at Murshidabad and from there his bons shifted to reside in different places in connection with their services. 4) In one manuscript this Rasavati-vrtti is wrongly Ascribed to Kramadisvara, vide, Catalogue Sommaire des manuscripts Sanskrits et Palis, de la Bibliothegue Nationale, by A. Cabaton, 1907-08, Paris. p. 95.5) Op. R. G. Bhandarkar's Report on the search for Sanskrit manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency for 1888-84, p. 68.

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36 KRAMADISVARA $ 52. But it should be borne in mind that the vrtti of Jumaranandi is not exegetical, it is merely illustrative. He only gives examples of each and every sutra, but does not explain them. In so doing, he sometimes quotes and criticises some irregular grammatical anomalies found in the writings of the famous poets of Sanskrit literature. The authors, cited from the Kavya literature, are Kalidasa, Bharavi, Magha, Dandi, Bana, Bhavabhuti and Murari. Some works, such as, Janakiharana, Bhattikavya, Sapta-kumarika, Pancatantra have also been cited by him. Of the lexicographical works Amarakosa, Trikanda and Utpalamala are mentioned. Grammarians like Jayaditya-Vamana, Raksita, Bhagavrtti, Bhattavartika have duly been mentioned by him in acknowledging their views in their respective places. It is curious to note again that he cites from one "Dhatu parayana", a treatise on the classification and conjugation of Sanskrit roots. Rajendralal Mitra1 also notices one Dhatu parayana attributed to Jumaranandi. H. P. Sartri also mentions one Dhatumala by Jumaranandi in the beginning of which the name of the author occurs: // OM namaH zivAya // dhAtau zambhu mukhodbha te bhrAnta-vaikalyamAgate / kriyate tasya zuddhayarthaM yatno jumaranandinA // mAdAdau juhotyAdI etc. etc....... This work, it is said, is intended to serve as an appendix to Kramadisvara's grammar. Has he then cited from his own work? Besides this, we know nothing about Jumaranandi and his work. SS 53. Next in the line comes Goyicandra who has written an elaborate commentary on all the chapters of Kramadisvara's grammar as well as on Jumaranandi's vrtti. The name of his commentary (tika) is called "Samksiptasara-vivarana". From his commentary we come to know that he has written his commentary on the Prakrit portion also; but now it is not available. It is also added that for the proper comprehension of the aphorisms of Kramadisvara, he has listed 127 1) Notices of Skt. Mss. (IV), p. 212, No. 1640. The colophon is-"iti srimajjumaranandikrtau dhatuparayanah samaptah". 2) Notices of Skt. Mss. (second series), Vol-1, Calcutta, 1900, p. 198. No. 196.

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INTRODUOTION 37 paribhasas of ancient grammarians. It is also to be noted that he has also written two more commentaries on the Prakirnavrtti and Unadisutras. Taddhita-parisista and Krdunadisasavrtti are also attributed to him. SS 54. GoyIoandre has been credited with an epithet "autthasanika" meaning thereby, 'one to whom the king stands up and offers seat when he comes to the court'. This is the explanation given by Kesavatarkapanoadana, one of his commentators. Belvalkar surmises that this may be a 'patronymic or some religious or political title the significance of which is lost to us." But H. P. Sastri informs us that 'this custom still prevails in Rajputana but it bas lost its Sanskrit name at present. A noble man, who is honoured by the king in this way, is called a "Tazimi omrah". 8 $ 55. From Goyicandra's commentary we come to know that Umapatidatta whom the king loved very much adorned the court of Jamaranandi; and perhaps it was at his request that Goyicandra undertook to write a running commentary on the sutras of Kramadis. vara and the vrtti's of Jumaranandi when these bad become corrupt and mutilated owing to copyists' fault. II The other commentaries of his grammar (i) On the Sanskrit portion $ 56. Goyicandra is the last original commentator of this school. Others, who came after him, have commented more or less either on the Vivaranatika of Goyicandra or on different sections of Kramadisvara's grammar. Of the comentaries the Sararthadapika of Vamoivadana, the Vyakara sara-lahari of Kavicandra, Vyakaradipika of Narayana 1) 37919 ettersi alza tranfcfufifa i refer4 TET ( v. 1. TTFT?) arfaza, # (v. l. TFF) for 79 ri f _Kosavatarkapanchana 10C (II), London, 1889, p. 222 (fo). 2) Sys. Skt. Gramm. p. 110. 8) Des. Cat. Skt. Mss. (VI), p. lxiv. 4) ai o pai 2118-vitarf.forta-fansmatiradhikRtomApatidatta prabhRti-samAjana-sabhAjanapara-ukhAmukta-durukta-vicAra-cAru-caturo jumaranandiafutf-Fu after I We have several poets of the name of Umapati, Umapatidhara, Umapatidatta (for which vide Aufrecht's Catalogus Catalogorum), bat none of them has definitely been identified. We are, therefore, not in a position to say anything regarding him.

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38 KRAMADISVARA Nyayapancanana, Durghatodghata of Kesavadatta Tarkapanoanana Bhatyacarya, Kaumudi of Abhiramavidyalaskara, Arthabodhani of Candrasekhara Vidyalankara and Harirama Vaoaspati, tiku of Sarvavidyalankara Bhattacarya, Bhavarthadipoka of Mahesa Panoanana are worth-mentioning. The Sarasangraha of Pitambarasarma is an abstract from the Samksiptasara. This school is also rich in its treatises on roots. Besides the Dhatuparayana or Dhatumala of Jumaranandi, we have several other important works, such as, the Dhatumala of Mahesa, Rupaprakasa of Kullukabhatta, Dhaturatravala of Radhaklsna-Sarma, Dasavala-karika of one Dasavala (?), and the Vasudhatukarika of an unknown author. On ganas, the Ganaprakasa of Narayana Nyaya pancanana and the Ganamartanda of Nosimba Tarkapanoanana are remarkable. The Trapakavali of Haragovinda Vacaspati can also be mentioned in this connection, (ii) On the Prakrit portion $ 57. None of the authors has written any commentary on the Prakrit portion of Kramdisvara's Samksiptasara. It is said that Jumaranandi wrote a vrtti on the Prakrit pada also ; it is also said that Goyicandra too wrote an elaborate exegetical note on the 8th pada of Kramadisvara. But unfortunately Goyicandra's commentary on the Prakrta-pada is not available now-a-days, and regarding Jumaranandi's vrtti nothing can be said at present, until the manuscript of Candidevasarma has been carefully examined. $ 58 The only commentator of Kramadisvara's Prakrtapada, so far as it is known to us, is Candidevasarma described above. We know one Candidasa who is the commentator of Kavyaprakasa. He is also described as the younger brother of the grand-father (or accord ing to some the great grand-father) of Visvanatha, the author of Sahitya. darpana (14th cent. A. D.). It is also said (10C. No. 839) that Nrsimha Tarkapanoanana is the descendant of Candidasa who belonged to the endogamous groups called Vanga-meli. They lived at Ketugrama four miles away to the Uddharanapura on the Ganges. But nowhere do we find any reference to his authorship of a commentary on Krama 1) My information is chiefly based on Mitra's Notices of Skt. M88, (IV) and . P. Sastri's Notices of Skt. Mes, and series, Vol-II , Des, Cat. Skt. Mss. (VI), Proface, pp. lxiv-lxxiii , TOO. Vol-I, part II and Vol-II.

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INTRODUOTION disvara's Samksiptasara. So in the absenc of any conclusive evidence we cannot identify this Candidasa with Candidevasarma of Prukstadipika. Moreover, in the introductory verses the author Candidevasarma describes himself as one who was born in the family of "Sobhakara" (sobhakarakulodbhava). Bat we do not know whether Candidasa, the commentator of Kavyaprakasa, also belonged to that family. So these two Candidasas cannot be identified. It seems to us that Candidevasarama of Prakertadapika is later than Candidasa, the commentator of Kavyaprakasa. III The date of Kramadisvara $ 59. As regards the date or antiquity of Kramadisvara nothing oan be said definitely at present, as the materials at our disposal are scanty and meagre ; so bis date has remained undetermined as yet. Scholars are not even unanimous in this respect; they have attempted to place him either between Hem&candra (1088-1172 A. D.) and Vopadova (1250 A. D.)1 or after Vopadova. Zacharia has remarked that we can neither prove that Kramadisvara flourished after Hemcandra, nor could we say that he had written his grammar before Hemacandra. Nitti-Doloi* has almost voiced the same opinion when she says that the date of Kramadisvara between Hemcandra and Vopadeva can only be provisionally acceptable. In determining the age or antiquity of Kramadisvara, let us discuss the problem anew. $ 60. It is important to note, at least, for the antiquity of Kramadisvara that he mentions in his sutras such predecessors as Katantra (1st cent. A. D.), Dandra (470-600 A. D.), Bhagartti, Ksapanaka and Vamana. It is again worth noting that the latesti of the authors oited by him is Vamana. Now, we have two Vamadas -one is the author of an Alankarasastra, called Kavyalankarasutra, 1) Belvalkar, S, K. Ibid, A. B. Keith places him in the 13th cent. A. D, Hist. Skt. Lit. p. 432.2) Colebrooke intends to place him after Vopadeva, op. Mis, Es. II. 3) BB. V. p. 26. 4) Los Gramm. Pkt. p. 130.5) 1994 afa 1967 (Sandhi 196, see also 106), 38tatfira fa 2175(Sandhi 342) and qyte4l fa altres (Samasa 212); fragt afa Alfa: (Karaka 101) ; op. also 436 ; fagia face fa 79974: (Samasa 407) s ECCT 04 Tafa farcela fer TH9: (Samasa 168).

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40 KRAMADISVARA who, it is guegged, must have lived in 800 A. D.: and the other is one of the writers of the Kasika which was composed about 660 A. D.*. It is to be noted here that it will not be unwise to suppose that Kramadisvara might have mentioned the grammarian Vamana and not the rhetorician Vamana. But in any case the upper limit of Kramadisvara's grammar may be tentatively assigned to the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century A. D., if we do not place him in the 7th-8th centuries A. D. Furthermore, Goyidandra has also informed us that when the Bhasya of Panini differs from its ortti, Kramadisvare gives the option to both the forms, or sometimes rejects the vrtti which is nothing but the commentary of Jayaditya and Vamana who came a little later than the Bhartphari in the 7th century A. D. That settles again the upper limit of Kramadisvara. SS 61. The date of Kramadisvara is intimately connected with that of Jumaranandi and Goyicandra. As regards Jumaranandi's date it can be said that he cannot be later than the first quarter of the 15th century A.D., since Rayamukuta, in his commentary on the Amarakosa, calls him "Rasavaj-jumara".S Rayamukuta wrote his commentary at Gauda in 1431 A. D. It may be pointed out, on the other hand, that Sarvananda, one of the oldest commentators on Amarakosa, (dated 1159 A. D. 1) mentions one "ahatu parayana" in his commentary. If it is identical with Jumara's treatise of the same name, then can it not be surmised that he or his work was well-known in the 12th century A. D.? These two dates may be regarded as the upper and lower limits respectively of Jumara in the absence of any conclusive evidence. It is to be noted that the authors and the works cited by him, are not later than the 11th century A.D. Moreover the title "Maharajadhiraja" is significant. It gives to some extent some hints of the approximate time of Jumaranandi. It is known that the last Samantadhipati of the lower Bengal region was Damodarapa la (1190 A.D.). So the epithet Maharajadhiraja might be earlier than 1) S. N. Dasgupta and S. K. De, Hist. Skt. Lit. p.886. 2) P. V. Kane, Intro, to Sahityadarpana, p.139. 3) Vide, Th. Aufrecht, Zur Handschriften Kunde (Kommentare sum Amaar-kosha) in ZDMG (28), 1874, p. 113 where he has given a list of authorities quoted and consulted by Rayamukuta.

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INTRODUCTION 41 that period. It is not impossible, therefore, that Jumara who might have descended from a high official of the Pala's who acquired a semi-independent status after the house called himself a 'Maharaja' in the 11th or 12th century A.D.. Sandhyakaranandi's (11th century A.D.) father, Prajapatinandi was a minister, & pleni-potentiary as well 88 & provincial governor (Pratiraja) under king Ramapala. Jumara might have, therefore, lived in the 11th or 12th century A.D. $ 62. We are still in the dark as regards the date of Goyicandra ; but from one of his commentators, namely, Vansivadana, son of . Vasistha and Rayamati, we may say that Goyicandra might have lived before 1300 A.D. The date of Vamsivadana, as can be deduced from a manuscript which bears the date of its composition, is Saka 1243 (=1321 A.D.), If that is correct, then it can be said that Vamsivadana is to be placed before 1300 A.D., and GoyIoandra earlier still. $ 63. There is a tradition that Jumaranandi and Goyicandra, were contemporaries. Although there is no genuine proof on this point, excepting one single manuscripta in which it is stated that that Goyicandra's tika was corrected by Jumaranandi, still it can be said that if Vamsivadana's date can be taken before 1300 A.D., then we may probably place Jumaranandi at least in the 12th century A.D., if not earlier. From the above it is guessed that Jumaranandi might have lived in the 11th or 12th century A.D., Goyicandra, therefore, may be a little later to that time. Kramadisvara's date, therefore, may be placed earlier i.e. between the tenth and the eleventh centuries A.D. 1). In Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (2nd series), Vol-III, Calcutta, 1907, No. 319, pp. 208-09, by H. P, Sastri, we find the date in the following verse : 1950. spal-de-f47-fafat HTE STATE pakSa cApi tu kRSNake zubha-tithau vAre tathA bhUbhije // 2) IOC, p. 218, No. 816. The reading of the manuscript is defective. N. N. Dasgupta has corrected the reading of the manuscript and says as follows: *'If we correct the "krtayam' and 'parisodhitayam' of this corrupt colophon as 'krta' and 'parisodhita', it would give rise to the presumption that Gogicandra Was but a contemporary of Jumaranandi, who corrected his tika". 10. (V) p. 360.

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KRAMADISVARA . 4. Kramadisvara's Prakstadhyaya : a Critical Study I On the arrangement of the sutras SS 64. Now, we shall say something about his Prakrit grammar. It is found from a perusal of Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar that he not only knew the sutras of Vararuoi, but also reproduced in a great measure the same on the main Prakrit (i.e. Maharastri). It is also found that Kramadisvara followed an edition which is nearer to Bhamaha's ; but, on the contrary, it may be said that in certain cases he adopted the readings of Vasantaraja, Sadananda and others. Although he has followed Vararuci in the arrangement of the sutras, yot certain remarkable innovations are discernible. He has added & certain number of new sutras and ignored many of those which are found in the Prakrta-prakasa. The phenomenon of ya-sruti is partially known to Kramadisvara. while it is unknown to Vararuci. Similarly the chapter on Apabhranga is exclusively Kramadisvara's innovation * and these are interesting and helpful to the students of Prakrit Philology. $ 65. Kramadisvara's Prakrit grammar is divided into five chapters ; e.g. svara-karyam (i), halkaryam (ii). subanta-karyam (iii). tinanta-karyam (iv) and Apabhramsarambhah (v) including many dialects and sub-dialects, such as, Magadhi, Paisaci, Vracada, Sabari and so on. In the Vrtti of the sutra "sabara sor etvam" (V. 98) he mentions the name of Sauraseni as one of the sub-dialects of Prakrit. Barring this, he has not clearly mentioned the name of Sauraseni, although from the sutras, it can be inferred that he has also given some characteristios of the Sauraseni dialect. Lassen bag, therefore, inoluded those sutras under the category of Sauraseni. In the first chapter Kramadisvara has described in due order the changes of vowel sounds in Prakrit. His second chapter can be sub-divided into two parts. The first part contains the treatment of single consonants, while the second deals with the conjunct cozonants. In the third ohapter he describes the nominal and pronominal declensions, while in the fourth the treatment of conjugation, verbal substitutes and indeclinables are described. In the fifth he has first discussed the characteristics of Apabhramsa and then motions numerous dialects and sub-dialects of Prakrit. In this arrangement Kramadisvara has followed some new

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INTRODUCTION procedure of his own. He discusses the [Sauraseni], Magadhi, Paisaci, Sabari Vracada and other dialects after the Apabhramsa. Does he, therefore, consider these dialects as varieties of Apabhramsa ? SS 66. Kramadisvara has not elaborately discussed the principles. of Prakrit like later writers, but has nicely collected the main characteristics of Prakrit language current at the time. Sometimes he is too brief to be understood (e.g. the sutra, rt-1.27); but that is because of the fact that he has always tried to curtail the number of the sutras by incorporating the "adhikaras" to the sutras. In fact, so far as the treatment of the principal Prakrit is concerned, he has not added anything remarkable, except some forms which are not. found elsewhere. Besides controlling and elucidating the sutras of Vararuci, the value of Kramadisvara lies in the fact that he has. incorporated numerous dialects of Prakrit which are totally absent in Vararuci. Linguistically Kramadisvara is importaht, because he represents truly the eastern school of Prakrit grammarians. II The Prakrit dialects found in his grammar $67. The Prakrit dialects as described, and mentioned by Kramadisvara are the following: Maharastri, [Sauraseni], Magadhi (v. 83), Ardhamaagadhi, Paisaci (v. 93), Vracada (v. 66), Nagara (v. 67), Sabari (v. 96) and Apabhramsa. He mentions the name of Maharastri while describing the Ardhamagadhi (Maharastrimisrardhamagadhi. v. 95). I have said above (SS 63) that Sauraseni has not been metioned by him. He has given the characteristics of Vracada. (v. 66), Nagara (v. 67) and Sabari (v. 96) in one sutra each. In the Vrtti of the sutra "sabare sor etvam" (v. 96) we find the names of Saka, Abhira, Dravida, Odra, Avantya, Avanti, Sravanti, Pracya, Saurasena, Bahliki, Daksinatya and Desi-vocables; and it is also said there that these are used in a drama according to the characters of the play. So far as Vracada is concerned it is described as a variety of Apabhramsa (Vracadadir-Apabhramsabhedah) and this Vracada Apabhramsa is used in the gathas. Similarly, it is said that Nagara is different from Vracada, which is also used in the gathas. Upanagara, a variety of Nagara, is also mentioned in the Vrtti of the sutra "sese nagare va skadau" (V. 67). The names of these 21 or 22 dialects and sub-dialects of Prakrit are found in the Prakrit grammar 43

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44 of Kramadisvara. While giving examples of those Prakrit languages, the commentator has quoted some lines from some verses which are not, however, traceable. III Analytical contents of the Apabhramsa chapter of his Prakrit grammar (i) Apabhramsa SS 68. Kramadisvara has given the following characteristics of Apabbramsa. I. Non-initial voiceless single consonants become voiced (V. 1): e.g. vaka>vaga; sukhita>sughida. II. (V. 15) and conjuncts with rare optionally retained (V. 2, 5); sukrta>sukra, sukaa ; puttra>putta, vyasa brasa, bhasya> bhrasa. III The following pronominal substitutes are found :-etat>sha (in all genders) (V. 8); idam>imu (in neuter) (V. 10); yadrk>jehi, jehe, jehu (V. 9); tadrk>tehi; kidrk>kehi; idrk>shi ; kim>kimpa (V.13). IV. Adverbial substitutes: katham>kemu (V.11); yatha>jima, jema, jidha, jadha: tatha>tima (V. 12), tema, tidha, tadha; yatra> jethu (V. 5. comm.); tatra>tetthu; kutra>ketthu ; atra>etthu ; yavat jama; tavattama; tatah>to. V. jjevva and jani are substituted for iva (V. 6). VI. nada, nada and navai are substituted for nunam (V. 7). VII. The following case-terminations of -a, -i and -u bases of the masculine, feminine and neuter nouns are given, Singular. Masculine. Original Apabhramasa endings. endings. KRAMADISVARA su. am. elision (18) : n (19) : * (20) : elision (18): u (10) : nara gacchai naru godo meho. dhanu. Feminine. mahila pucchai mahila pucchai. Neuter.

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INTRODUOTION ta. singular daien, aggiem daiena. ; : (36): khatyao. om (21) ena (21) na (23) of 4-u bases he (27) : aggina aggim, nasi. rukkbabe. he (33): khattabe he (34) mahuhe. ada (27) ho (28) : : nas rukkbadu. rukkbaho, aggiho. rukkbasu. rukkhassa. aggiham. -do -do su (28) : ssa (28) : ham (32) of 2-4 bases : ni him (26) : sa (Voc). long (14) : short (16) ; (16) : Aggihim mabubim. dholla hiala. putti. bale bbagge. Plural. Masculine Feminine. Neuter. Original endings. Apabbramsa endings. [ho] ; 2,0 (35) : jas aggiho mabilaho (17) kumariu. khattau. mabilao. kas 2,0 (35) : malao peochaba bhis bhyas hum (26) : rukkhahum padido. tarubam ham (31) of: 2-4 bases

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46 KRAMADISVARA am ham (29) : hem (30) of: 3-4 bases rukkhabam vabihem taruhem. sup jas (voc.). ho (17) : aggiho mahilabo. VIII. The bases of yusmad ara tuha, tubbha, tujjha and tumha, and those of asmad are hamum, majjha and amha. Singular Deol, of yusmad. and asmad. Nom. tuha jado tuham hamum Acc. taim pucchami aim puccha Inst. tahim aim Abl. tuha, tuhum majjha, mahum Gen. tuha, tuhum tujjha, tubbha majjha, mahum Loc, taim aim Plural. Nom. tumhe pucchaha amha puochamo Acc. tumhaham pucchami amhaham pucohaho Inst. tumhehim dinnam amhehim Abl. tumha amha tumha amha Loc. tumhasu amhasu IX. The accusative singular forms of yat and tat are jrum and drum rospectively (V. 46). X. The locative singular forms of yat and tat are jadru and tadru respectively (V. 47). XI, Abstract-suffixes are formed with da, tuna and ppana (V. 48). XII. tva> evi, eppi and eppinu (V. 50). tum>nam, tum evi, eppi and oppinu (V. 52) 6.g. broppi, broppinu (V. 55) ; karappi, krppi (V. 56); gameppi, gamppi (v. 56). tavya > ivvam (V. 49) e. g. kariuvam. Gen.

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INTRODUOTION . 47 XIII. Verbal substitutes :-(V. 57-65) stha>ttna; mra>mara ; dhrn> dhara ; dys>passa ; vraj>vaja ; brun>bro; bhu>ho; grah>genha ; key>kasa (in future). XIV. The passive voice is formed with ija (V. 60); e.g. sumarijadi ; and also with ijja, as, sumarijjadi. The second and first personal endings of the imperative are as follows :1st person, 2nd person Sg dehum (V. 63) kari, kars, kuru, karahi (V. 61). Pl. samkahum (V. 63) dou, samkau (V. 62). XVI. The future is formed with ssi (V. 65); as, sumarissidi. (ii) Dracada $ 69. Vracada is a variety of Apabhramsa and in it the retention of r in a conjunct-consonant is permissible. drum and jrum are also ased in this dialect. eppi and eppinu are used for gerund (tva) (V. 66). (iii) Nagara-Upanagar $ 70. Nagare is another variety of Apabbrans& and s and k are profusely used in this dialect (V. 67). Upanagara, a sub-variety of Nagara, is the language of the gathas. (iv) (Sauraseni] $ 71. The following obaraotoristics of Saurasens are discerniblo. : I. k, d, dh and bh are optionally retained (V. 68) of ; e.g. moai, modade ; madhukari, surabhi. II. l is found in the preposition prati (V. 74); e.g. pratijna> * palinca. III. Gerund (tva) is formed with ia (V. 70); but in gam and k? it is formed with dua ; (kadun, V. 71 and gadua, V.72). yavat and tavat become yettika and tettika respectively (V. 69). V. The nominative and accusative plural ending of neuter is with or without n (V. 75); e.g. kumdaim, kumdani. VI. The genitive singular termination of all genders is do (V. 76); 6.g. purisado, mahilado, aggudo.

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48 KRAMADISVARA VII. The substitutes of bha and stha are bho and cittha reprec tively (V. 78) and that of as is atthi (V. 79). VIII. The future is formed with ha, sa, 38a (V. 80) and these are also added to the Causative with i or 7 before it (V. 81). (v) Magadhi SS 72. Next are given the characteristios of Magadhi in the following manner. I. In Magad hi, the palatal sounds (ca-varga) are pronounced with but a slight contaot of the tongue with the roof of the mouth and an y is prefixed to the sounds of ca-varga. (V. 85). II. i becomes y (V. 87); e.g. varjayitva>vayyayidani. III. becomes 1 (V. 84); 6.9. rosah>lose, IV. SS and s become S (V. 83); e.g. sadhuh>sahu ; satpadah> sappade. V. hadakka is substituted for hrdaya (V. 86). VI. The genitive plural ends in hum (sometimes with the lengthening of the final vowel) (V. 91); e.g. brahmanasya > bamhanahum. VII. The vocative ends in a (V. 90): e.g. deva> deva. VIII. hake and hage are substituted for aham (V. 94). IX. The root stha becomes cittha (V. 92). X. nia is substituted for the ending ta of the past passive participle (V. 89). XI. dani is substituted for the gerund ending tva (V. 88). (vi) Ardhamagadhi SS 73. According to Kramadisvara, Ardhamagadhi is nothing but. an admixture of Maharastri (and Magadhi] (V. 95). (vii) Sabari: $ 74. The nominative singular of sabari ends in e (V. 96) : e.g. ese mese. The long and short vowels are freely interchanged (V. 98). (viii) Paisaci $ 70. The following characteristics of Paisaci are given by Kramadisvara. (vi:: ..,

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INTRODUCTION 49 I. The voiced sounds are changed into the voiceless (V. 100); e.g. gagana> kakala, gharma>khamma; sometimes voice is retained (V. 101); e.g. yajana >jajala and also cacala. II. ~ and n> 1 (V. 103); e.g. bhanati>phalati ; dhvanati > thvalati : vana> pala (V. 104). III. r>1 (V. 105); e.g. carana>calala. IV. n and n> n (optionally V. 106) e.g. kanaka > kana ka ; parna>saethiis. V. iva, eva>yeva (V. 107); e.g. harir eva> hali yeva. VI. hrdaya>hitaa ka (V. 108). VII. The nominative plurals of the first and second personal pronouns are ampha and tumpha (a lso tuppha) respectively (V, 109-110). VIII. pho and phura are substituted for bhu (V. 111), IX. The rest are like the common Prakrit (V. 112). X. In Paisaci the words are to be formed from usages (V. 113); for example, he has quoted the following verse : jaDAso taDAso cArihattho dhara [ ta ]i agge kheddddvutto| gAI hohI gharaNi vidohI so kisa volla aNAhi pAhitti //

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Vr. 1.2. RT. I.1.1. Mk. I. 3.. Hc. I. 44. T. I. 2.10. saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH prathamaH paricchedaH svarakAryam oM namaH zivAya samRddhyAderAdirad Ad vA // 11 // ___ samRddhayAderAdirakAra Ad vA bhavati // lokAnusArAt praakRte| samiddhI sAmiddhI vA smRddhiH|| prakaTa abhijAta manasvinI pratipat sahakSa sadRza prasupta prasiddhi pratisiddhi pratisparddhina // liGgaviziSTagrahaNAt strIpunapusakeSvapi boddhavyam // [paaDa paaadd| ahiAa AhiAa / maNaMsiNi mANaM sinnii| paDivaA paaddivaa| sariccha saaricch| sarisa saaris| pasutta pAsutta / pasiddhi paasiddhi| paDisiddhi paaddisiddhi| paDipphaddhi paaddipphddhi|] ttiikaa| oM namaH zivAya praNamya gurumAnandaM sAndrakAruNyavAridhim / zrIkRSNAkhyaM parAtmAnaM tadIyaprItihetave / / shobhaakr-kulodbhuut-shriicnnddiidev-shrmnnaa| kriyate'STamapAdasya TIkA prAkRta-dIpikA // tatra "sarvabhASAsu lakSaNaM saMkSiptasAramAcaSTa" ityanena prathama pratijJAtam / saMpUrNa-sarvabhASAsu saMskRta-prAkRtAdirUpAsu' yallakSaNaM tadeva spaSTa vaktavyamiti / ____1) ACP. o namaH zivAya,BSS1. oM namo gaNezAya, C1. oM raamH| 2) C. samRddhayAderAdirad vaa| 3) Not found in B. 4) Found in the margin of B. 5) Found only in S. 6) L omits, but it is given by Dolci, vide Les Gramm. Pkt. P. 132, in. 1. 7) L. paramAtmAnam / 8) This line is found in the commensary of Goyicandra's mangalacarana verse. 9) Doloi has tAdirUpAsu /

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [I. 1tatredAnI saMpUrNa-saMskRta-bhASA-lakSaNa samApya lakSaNAntaram Arabhate smRddhiityaadi| (samRddhayAderAdirakAro Ad vA bhavati lokAnusArAt prAkRte ) / nanu sabai reSA prayoktavyA bhASA vRddhAnusArato granthazeSeNaiva saMskRtabhASAlakSaNasya ziSTaprayogasya vidhAnamavazeSa uktastat kimartha lakSaNAntarANItyata* Aha lokAnusArAt prAkRta iti / saMskRte samRddhizabdasya kevalasya kacidapyAdibhUtasyAkArasya AvidhAnaM naastiiti| ataH pArizeSyAt prAkRta evAyaM vidhidrssttvyH| etadapi lokAnusArAn nATakAdau mahAkavi-prayoga-darzanAt prAkRtaM mahArASTradezIyaM prakRSTabhASaNam / tathA ca daNDI-mahArASTrAzrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduriti, tathA AbhIrAdigiraH kAvyeSvapabhraza iti sthitiriti // 'sAmiddhIti samRddhiriti / prakRteH RSyAderAkRtigaNatvAd RSyAderiti (1. 32) bhRtaH sthAne ikaarH| luk kAdiyaM tasyeti (II. 46) yuktasyAdi-dakAraluk / dviranAdau prAga yukto'rAdiriti (II. 105) dhakArasya dvitvam / dhakAradvayavAnayaM shbdH| athavA saMskRtavaccheSa iti vargasyAdiH padAnte'Gye ceti: dhakArasya tkaarH| apadAnte'pi dhAdA vityAdinA tasya da ityevaM dkaaryukt-dhkaaraanto'ym| bhissuporapi dIrghazceti (III. 21) ikArasya iikaarH| sornityamiti (III. 21) suluk / hasoH sthAnIyo visargo'pi supadenokta iti / samRddhayAdigaNamAha prakaTa ityAdi / ekAdaza smRddhyaadyH| etenaitat pratipAditaM saMskRtabhASA lakSaNasiddhayAnyeva samagrapadAni vidheyaprAkRtapadAnAM prakRtaya iti| Adau prAthamikatvena svarakAryameva vidhAtumucitamiti svarakAryamuktavAn // ___ 1) L gives aarebhe| 2) Found in the foot-note of L. P. 16. 3) S. vidhInAma. 4) S. lakSaNAnyetAni / 5) S. prAkRta ev| 6) This is found in S and L (PP. 16-17). 7) 'This paragraph is found only in S. 8) Vide SS. suvantapAda Su. No. 128. 9) Vide ss. sandhipAda Su. No. 188.

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Vr.I. 8 RT.I.1.2 Mk. I.4 Ec. I.46 T.I. 2. 11 -I. 5] svarakAryam it pakkAdeH // 2 // pakkAderAdirakAra id bhavati // pikkaM pakvam // ISat vetasa svapna vyajana mRdaGga aGgAra // [iisi| veddis| siviNa / viann| muiNg| iNgaal|] ttiikaa| it| pikkamiti prakRteH Ayu pAnta-lavaraH (II. 47) iti 'vakAraluk / dviranAdau prAgayukto'rAdiriti ( II. 105 ) kakArasya dviruktiH| saMskRta-[vaccheSa iti // / Vr. I.4 RT.I.1.6 Mk.I.6 Hc.1.66 T.I.2.4 lugaraNyasya // 3 // . raNaM // araNyam // zayyAderet // 4 // Vr. I.5. RT.I.1.3 Mk. I.7 Ho. I.67 T.I.2.26 zayyAderAdirakAra ed bhavati // senjA zayyA // Azcarya paryanta saundarya utkara [ vallI ]3 kiyat stokamAtra vRnta ityaadi| [ accher| peraMta / suder| ukkr| vellii| kettia| thoamett| veNtt|] ttiikaa| sejaa| zaSayoH saH ( II. 100 ) iti saH / / Vr.I.26 RT.I. 1. 14 Mk. I.32 Ho.I.128 T.I.2.71 U5 purasya // // NeuraM // nUpuram // ttiikaa| nUpurazabdasya mared bhavati / lopo'nAdyayugvargAditRtIyayoriti (II. 1) pakAraluk / ukArasya prakRtyavasthAnam // 1) As the manuscript S is incomplete in this respect, it has been -supplied by me to complete the sense. 2) Not found in A. 3) Emended by me. ABCO.P. vndii| 4) Found only in S.

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH Vr. I. 22 RT. I. 1. 18 Mk. I. 26 mukuTAderud' at ||6|| mukuTAderAdikAro'd bhavati // mauDa mukuTam // mukula yudhiSThira saukumArya soamalla / avari / upari guru guruka bAhu // [ maula / jahiTThila / gaya / garua / bAhA | ] 2 TIkA / lopo 'nAdyayu gityAdinA kakAraluk / To DaH iti Tasya DaH / / mayUrAderod vAnantaraiH ||7|| anantarairvaNaiH saha mayUrAderAdirad od vA bhavati // pakSe mayUro vA // caturthI caturdazI [ cotthI Vr. I. 8-9 RT. I. 1. 4-6 Mk. I. 11-12 Ho. 1. 171 Comm. T. I. 3. 5 moro maUro vA / cautthI / coddahI uddahI / ] moro iti mayUra - prakRterma ityasyAkAro m ityanenAnantaravarNena saha atA soriti okAraH / pakSe maUro iti yasyAyAdeva ( II. 3 ) iti pakSe ya-luk / UkArasya sthitiH // TIkA / okAraH / [I, 6 Ho. I. 107 T. I. 2. 58 Vr. I. 6-7 RT. I. 1. 4. Mk. I. 8-9 lavaNa - badarayornityam ||8|| loNaM / boraM // lavaNam / badaram // TIkA | bakAra - dakArAbhyAM saha lakAra - bakArayorakArasya sthAne ot / soriti (III. 2 ) na tasya okAraH // 5 Vr. I. 10 RT. I. 1. 6-7 Mk. I. 18 Hc. I. 170 T. I. 3. 4 atA hrasvo yathAderAt ||6|| yathAderAd hrasvo vA bhavati // jaha jahA vA yathA // tathA sarvathA anyathA prAkRta hAlika utkhAta khAdita prahAra cATu vAcATa prastAra pravAha mArjAra Ho. I. 67 T. I. 2. 37 (1) P. mukuTAderat; BCC S. rutU / 2) Found only in S. 3) rAdi is not found in A. B has rad ovA bhavati, maurI 1 4) Found only in A. 5) Found only in S. 6) vA is not found in B. CC1 mavati vA / 7 ) B. utkhAta and utkaTa |

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-I. 11 ] svarakAryam 1 tAlavRnta cAmara varAkI sthApita kumArI ityAdi ] || [ taha tahA / savvaha savvahA aNNaha aNNA / paaa pAaa / halia hAlia / ukkhaa ukkhA | khadia khAdia / pahara pahAra / caDDu cADu / vAaDa vAADa | patthara patthAra / pavaha pavAha / majjara majjAra / talaveMTa tAlaveMTa / camara cAmara / varaI varAI | thavia thAvia / kumarI kumArI / ] 1 TIkA / Adirja iti yasya jaH / khAdirha iti khasya ha: 2 | AdinA pArijAtaH parijAo pArijAo || sadA zabdasyed vA // 10 // sai saA vA // sadA // TIkA / lopo'nAdyayugvargAditRtIyayoriti dakAraluk // Vr. I. 11 RT.I.1.8 Mk. 1. 14 pAnIyAderIt // 11 // pAnIyAderId hrasvo bhavati // pANiaM pAnIyam // dvitIya tRtIya ityAdi // [ alia / karisa / duia / Vr. I. 18 RT. I. 1. 11 Mk. I. 21 5 Ho. I. 72 T. I. 2. 34 Ho. I. 101 T. I. 2. 51-2 TIkA | No'yugmasya ( II. 103 ) iti nasya NaH / yasyAyAdervA (II. 3) iti yaluk pAkSikaH. // alIka karISa taia / ] 1) C. kumAryAdiH ; others kumArAdi / 2) Found only in S. 3) Found in S1 only. 4) After this P has jai naA ; tai tathA But it is not found in any other manuscripts. Besides the sutra itself gives the prescription only for the word I. Hence these have not been included. 5) Found in S. 6) B. it / It is evidently a mistake, because in the vRtti we find long I 1 BP. tRtIya ityAdi ; others tRtIyetyAdi / 8) Found only in S. 7 )

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [I. 12 gabhIrAdervA // 12 // Ho.1. 101 T.I.2.51-52 Vr. I. 18 RT.I.1.11 Mk. I. 21 (Comm) gahiraM gahIraM vA 1 gabhIram // brIDita mahItala // [ viDia vIDia / mahiala mahIala / ] ttiikaa| khAdiha iti bhasya hH| gahiraM 2 // Vr.1.24 RT.I.1.14 Mk. I.30 c. I. 122 T.I.2.70 U nityaM madhUkasya // 13 // mahua // madhUkam // ttiikaa| khAdirha iti dhasya hH| lopo'nAdyayugavargAditRtIyayoriti ( II. 1) kkaarluk|| Ad-Id-Utazca saMyukta // 14 // Pu. IV. T. Ho. I. 24-85 T.I.2.40-41 kaja / karaNija / sujjo // kaarym| karaNIyam / sUryaH / / ttiikaa| saMyukta pare AdIdUtazca hrasvo bhavati / jjo ryasya iti yasya ja ityAdezaH // nIDAderet // 1 // nIDAderI ekAro bhavati // NeDDa nIDam // ApIDa kIdRza IdRza / / [Amela (II. 6 ) / keris| erisa / ] ttiikaa| pakSiNo vAsavAcinIDamiti prakRteH dvinIDAdyupAntoyauvanavazceti (II. 108 ) Dasya dvitvam / / Vr. I. 19 RT. I. 1.10 Mk. I.23 Hc. I.105-6 T.I.2.56 1) P. gahIraM gahira vaa| 2) Found only in S. 3) AP. unityam etc. 4) B. mAhu / ) 5) Found in S only. 6) BP. neDDA

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-I. 20] svarakAryam V. I. 12 RT.I. 1.8 Mk. I. 15 Hc. I. 85 T.I.2.41 c. I. 92 Vr. I. 17 RT. I.1.10 Mk. I. 20 piNDAderid ed' vA // 16 // piNDAderid ed vA bhavati // piMDa peMDa piNDam // kiMzuka riSTiH piSTa sindUra viSNu dhammilla bilva' / / [kiMsua kesua| riTTi retttti| piTTha petttth| siMdUra seNduur| viNhu veNhu / dhammilla dhammella / billa bella / ] dIrgho jihvA-siMhayoH // 17 // RI. 1. 10 jiihaa| sIho // vakArAnusvArayormuk // jihvA / siMhaH / / TIkA / nanu bho hrasya (II. 96) ityAdinA vizeSa vidhitvAd bbha ityAdezaH kathaM na syAdityata Aha vakAreti bahulAdhikArAditi zeSaH // at pathyAdeH // 18 // pathyAderida ad bhavati // paho panthA // haridrA pRthivii|| [halahA / puhii|] ttiikaa| khAdirha iti thasya haH / ad iterantaH // 16 // vAkyAdau padAdau vA prayuktasyeti10 zabdasyAnta id11 ad bhavati / / ia paribhAvia suiraM // iti paribhAvya suciram12 // VI. I. 13 RT. I.1.9. Mk. I.16 He. I. 88 r.I.2.43 Vr.I.14 RT. I. 1.9. Mk. I. 17 Ho. I.91 I. I. 2.45 Vr.1.14 Ho. 1.42 Mk. I.17 T.I.2.6-7 (comm) M.1. anAderAdiluga13 dvizca taH // 20 // aha14 sa tti // atha sa iti150 ..2.6 ____ 1) BPL.-rIdvA 2) B.-rId vA / 3) B. riSTa , viSTa | 4) B. dharmilla | 5) ACCI vilva : S1 villa ; L. vinda, vindu (1) / 6) B.-hiNsyoH| 7) Found in S1 only. 8) Found in S only. 9) After this ACChave vaa| 10) B. iti zabdasya / 11) B. id bhavati / 12) Not found in CC1. 13) B.-diH| 14) B.-aha~ / 15) Not found in BC1.

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [I. 21 Vr. I. 16 RT.I.1.9 Mk. I. 19 Hc. I, 97 T. I. 2. 49 udoca' dhAtu-prAga-dvidhetyasya // 21 // R i . 2.19 dhAtu-prAga-bhUtasya dvidhA-zabdasya id ud bhvti| occa // dvidhAkRtam duhAka dohaakvaa|| ud itu-vRzcikayoH / / 22 // Vr. I.16 cp.V.I.28 RT. I.1.9 Mk. I. 18 Fe. I. 128 Hc. I. 95. He. II.16 T.I.2.485 cp.T.I.2.7 T.I. 4. 18 Vr. I. 20 RT. I. 1.12 Mk. I. 24 He. I.116 T.I.2.65 T.I.3.5 RP. I. 1. 13 Mk. I. 25 ucchuu| vicuMo // ikssuH| vRzcikaH / / tuNDAdesta // 23 // tuNDAderud od bhavati // toMDaM tuNDam // musta+ muktA puSkara pustaka lubdhaka kusumbha kuntala kuTTima durdAna mudgara kuNDAdi // [ motth| mottaa| pokkhr| pottha| loddh| kosumha / koNtl| kottttim| dodANa / moggr| koNdd| ttiikaa| AdinA sukumAraH soumAro // Vr. I. 21 He. I. 171 dvA vodUkhale // 24 // udUkhalazabde' dUkAreNa saha ud od vA bhavati // okkhala ulUhala (II. 16 ) vA radUkhalam // ttiikaa| udUkhalaM tatpuruSAdAvityAdinA dvitvam // . Ud' -ad-dukUle'' dvirlazca // 2 // N.I.H_...100 dukUlazabde Ud ad vA bhavati // asmin pakSe lakAro dvizca // duUla dualla vA // dukUlam // 1) B. udozca / 2) P. ucchu / 3) P. viccuo ABCCI vinycuo| 4) B. supta / 5) B. duIna / 6) Found only in S1 7) P.-khale zabde / 8) ABCC1. udUkhalaM vaa| 9) Found in S1 only. 10) AB. ut etc. 11) A.-duloke (wrong). Vr. I. 25 Mk. I.31 Ho. I. 119 T.I.2.67

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Vr. I. 23 Hc. I. 111 RT.I.1.13. I. I. 2. 59 Mk. I.28 Vr.1.27 RT. I.1.14 Mk. I.33 H c. I.126 T.1.2.73 Vr. I. 30 RT. I. 1.14 Mk. I. 36 . I. 140 T.I. 2.89 -I. 31] . svarakAryam it puruSamadhye' nityam // 26 // puriso // purussH|| ttiikaa| puruSazabdasya madhyasthita ukAro nityamid bhavati // Rt // 27 // RkAro'd bhavati / / taNaM // tRNam // kevalo riH // 28 // riddhI // RddhiH|| tAdRzAdezca / / 26 / / taariso| jAriso // taadRshH| yaadRshH|| ud RtvAdezca // 30 // RtvAdeH Rd ud bhavati // udukAlo RtukAlaH // mRtu mRNAla pRthivI vRndAvana vRndAraka prAvRta vivRtaH saMvRta prAvRSa saMbhRti pravRtti bhrAta jAmAta mAtra yAta vRddhi nivRtti vRttAnta prAbhRta parabhRta mRta vRta prabhRti mRd|| [ udu| muNAla / puhaI / buMdAvaNa / vudaara| pAvua / vivua| saMvua / paaus| sNhudi| pautti / bhaau| jAmAu / maau| jaau| buddhi / Nivutti / vuttaMta / pAhutta / prhua| mua / vua / pahudi / muaa|] Ud RNasya // 3 // UNaM11 // RNam // Vr.I.31 Hc. I. 142 RT.I.1.15T.I.2.90 Vr. I. 29 RT. I.1.17 Mk. I.35 Ho.1.131 T.I.2.80 He. I. 141 T. I.2.91 1) BP. madhyonnityam / 2) Found only in S1. 3) This sutra is not found in B. 4) B. tvaadeH| 5) B. RtyAdera Rt / 6) Not found in ABC01. 7) Not found in C1. 8) Not found in B. 10) Not found in B. 10) P. uda | 11) P. uNaM /

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [I. 32 Vr. I. 28H RT. I. 1. 15 ME.I.34 . I. 128 T. I. 2.75 Vr. I.83 RT. I. 1. 19 Mk. I.39-40 He. I. 145 T.I. 2.92 Vr. I.34 RT. I.1.19 ME. I.41 Ho. I.146 T.I.2.93 - RSyAderit // 32 // adhyAdeH Rd' id bhavati / / isi RssiH|| gRSTi dRSTi sRSTi mRgAGka kRta hRdaya mamRNa vitRSNa bRhita kRSara kRSNa kRtya bhRtya vRSTi vRzcika kRti hRti tRpti bhRGga bhRGgAra zRGgAra zRgAla kRpA kRpANa // [ gitttthi| ditttthi| siTTi / miak| kiakaa / hiaa / msinn| viiNha / bihia / kisara / kisaNa (II. 53) kaNha ( II. 53) / kizca / bhicca / vitttthi| vicuMa ( I. 22; II. 65) / kii / hii| titti| bhiNg| bhiNgaar| siNgaar| siAla / kivA / kivANa / ] lad iliH klUpti-klaptayoH // 33 // kilittI / / klUptiH // ed id vA vedanA-devarayoH // 34 // vedanA-devarayored id vA bhavati // veaNA viaNA vaa| dearo diaro vA // vednaa| devrH|| ait // 3 // aikAra ed bhavati // sevo|| zaivaH // Id dhairye saindhave hrasvaH // 36 // dhIraM / sidha // dhairyam / saindhavam / / ____ aidaityAdeH // 37 // daityAdeH aid airbhavati // daicco' daityaH // caitra bhairava kairava vaidezika vaizya vaidehI vaizAkha vaiSayika vaiSamya vaizampAyana // [caitta / bhairava / kairava / vaidesia / vaissa / vaidehI / vaisAha / vaisaia / vaisamma / vaisaMpAaNa / ] 1) C1-rig P. Rt / 2) B. dhRsstti| 3) After this P has kRSNa / 4) Not found in B. 5) P. iidvaa| 6) B. sindhavam / 7) B. daitto| Mr. I. 35 RT. I. 1.19 Mk. I.42 Hc, IQ 148 T. I.2.101 Vr. I. 39 Ho. I. 155 RT. I.1.21-22 T. I.2.108 Mk. I.45-46 Vr.I.36 RT. I. 1.20 Mk. I. 43 H c. I. 151 T.I.2.103

Page #70
H. I. 163 Vr.1.37 RT. I. 1.21 Mk. I.44 Vr. I. 41 RT.I. 1.22 Mk. I.48 Ho. I. 159 T.I.2.101 | VI. I. 40 RT.I.J.22 Mk. I.47 Hc. I. 156 T.I.2.95 -1. 43 ] . svarakAryam 11 deve vA // 38 // daivaM daivvaM devvaM vA // daivam // od aut // 36 // aukAra od bhavati / / komuI // kaumudI // od ad vA prakoSThe kazca vaH // 40 // 1.5.22_ii. a. 35 paoTTho pavaTTho vA // prakoSThaH // auH paurAdeH // 4 // paurAdeH aud aurbhavati // pauro paurH|| paurava kaurava pauruSa kauzala ityAdi // [ purv| kaurava / purus| kusl|] A vA gaurave // 42 // gauravaM gAravaM vA // gauravam // . saundaryAderunnityam' // 43 // suderaM saundaryam // maujAyana zauNDa zauNDika kauzeyaka dauvArika' ityAdi // [ muNjaaynn| sudd| suddia| kukkheaa| duvAria / ] ttiikaa| zayyAdered ( I. 4 ) iti ed bhavati // ___ iti11 svara-kArya nivRttam / / Vr. I. 42 RT. I.1.23 Mk. I.49 He. I. 162 T.I. 2. 106 Vr.I.43 Ho. I.163 RE. I.1.28T.I.2.106 Mk. I.51 Vr. I. 44 c.I. 160 RT. I.1.22-23 T.I. 2.97 Mk. I. 62 1) P. daivaM, daivvaM ; 81 din| 2) P. audot / 3) ABCCI -kazca rH| 4) B. pavaTTo / 5) P.-raudurbhavati / 6) Not found in B. 7) After this B has nityaM vA / 8) A. sauNDika | 9) CC1. dauvAriketyAdi / 10) Found in S only. 11) Nob found in ABOOISS..

Page #71
Vr. II 1-2 Hc.I.177,192 RT. 1.2.1-4 T.I.8.8 ME. II. 1-2 T.I.318 dvitIyaH paricchedaH halkAryam ayug-vidhiH lopo'nAdyayuga-vargAdi-tRtIyayoH // 1 // 114 anAdyorayujorvargANAm AditRtIyayoopo bhavati // loo| vippanno|| lokaH vipragaNaH // anAdyayug iti kim| kaalo| skko| kaalH| zakyaH // kacid yatvaM vaa| gaaNaM gayaNaM vA gaganam // kacid vatvaM vaa| suhao sUhavo vA subhgH|| kvacinna lopaH / pvaao| suvaao| puujnnN| pavittaM // prvaatH| suvAk / pUjanam / pavitram // lopo yamunAyA masya // 2 // jauNA // ymunaa|| yasyAyAdervA // 3 // NayaNaM NaaNaM vA // nayanam // Vr. II. 3 RT.1.2.1 Mk. II.3 Ho. I. 178 T.I.3.11 Mk. II. 2. Ho. 1. 130 Comm. T.I.3.10 aja uttarAvyaya-casya // 4 // tassa a|| tasya ca // po vaH // 5 // anAdyayuk pakAro vo bhavati // avro| upari // Vr. II. 16 RT.I. 2.7 Mk. II. 14 He. I. 281 T.I.3.65 . 1) Not found in B. 2) In P these are given as separate satra (Nos. 2-4 ) 3) ACCISSIP. suhvo| But su should be long when va follows (ot. II. 138 ). 4) ABCCI P. yunnaa| 5) For this sUtra, vide introduction.

Page #72
13 Vr. II. 16 RT. I. 2.8 Mk. II. 15 Ho. I. 234 T.I. 8.57 Vr. II. 20 RT.I.2.3 Mk. II.18 He. I. 195 T.I.3.31 Vr. II.21 RT.I. 2. 4 Mk. II.19 c. I. 196 .I.3.27 T Vr. II. 4,22 Hc. I.186, RT. I.2.12 197 Mk. II. 20 T.I.3.19,25 Vr. II. 23 He. I. 202 Mk. II. 23T.I. 3.30 -II. 13] halkAyam ma ApIDe // 6 // Amelo // ApIDaH // To DaH // 7 // anAdyayuk TakAro Do bhavati // viDavo // viTapaH / / DhaH saTA-zakaTa-kaiTabhAnAm // 8 // saDhA / saddho| keDhavo // sttaa| zakaTaH / kaittbhH|| sphaTikasya laH // 6 // phliho|| sphttikH|| Do lo'baDizAdeH // 10 // abaDizAderanAdhayuga DakAro lo bhavati // talAo tddaagH|| abaDizAderiti kim| bddiso| nnibiddo| jddo|| bddishH| nibiDaH / jddH|| khAdirhaH // 2 // anAdyayuk khAdirho bhavati // suhaM sukham // gh // meho meghaH // 2 // puhaI pRthivii|| / / boho bodhH|| // vihalo viphlH|| bh| rahaso rabhasaH // kacinna syaat| likhaNa nnikhil|| likhanam nikhilam // ziphA-zapharayorbhaH // 12 // shibhaa| sabharo // shiphaa| zapharaH / / prathamAdeH // 13 // paDhamo prthmH|| zithila niSadha auSadha dagdha vidgdhaadi|| [siDhila / nnisddh| osddh| daDDha / viaDDha / ] Vr. II. 27 RT.I.2.11 Mk. II.25 He. I. 187 T.I. 3.20 Vr. II. 26 RT. II.1.7 Mk. II. 24 Hc. I. 236 T. I. 3.60 Vr. II.28 Hc. I 55,216 RTI.1.2.4 T.I.2.20 T.I. 3.48 2) In P it is given as a separate 1) In P order is not maintained. sUtra ( No. 15 ). 3) P. niSedha /

Page #73
*14 Tho DhaH ||14|| anAdyayuk ThakAro Dho bhavati // saDho // zaThaH // aGkoThe laH ||15|| akollo // aGkoThaH // Vr. II. 12 do lAdidahadAdeH || 16 // dohadAderanAdyayuga dakAro lAdirbhavati // dohalo dohadaH // kadamba RT. I. 2. 9 Mk. II.12 pradIpta // [ kalaMba / palitta / ] * raH saMkhyA- gadgadayoH // 17 // eAraha | gaggaro || ekAdaza / gadgadaH // dyasya jjaH || 18 | vijjA // vidyA // saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH ko hArdirnikaSAdeH || 20 // caMdimA // candrikA // bhaH zIkarasya // 22 // sIbharo // zIkaraH // 1) B. vikula / nikaSAdeH kakAro hAdirbhavati // cikura // [ phaliha / vihala | cihura / ] mazcandrikAyAH ||21|| Vr. II. 24 RT. 1. 2.4 Mk. II. 21 Vr. II. 25 RT. I. 2. 9 Mk. I. 22 Vr. II.13-14 RT. I. 2. 8 Mk. II. 13 Vr. III. 17, 27 Pu. III. 3. RT. I. 3. 7 Mk. III. 31 Vr. III. 26 Ho.II. 37, 86 gardabhAderDaH ||16|| Pu. III. 1. RT. I. 3. 10 MK. III. 30. gaDDo gardabhaH // saMmarda vitardi vicchardi // [ saMmaDDu | vicchaDDi / ] [II. 14 Ho. I. 199 T. I. 3. 28 Vr. II. 6. RT. I. 2. 8. Mk. II. 5. Vr. II. 6. RT. 1. 2. 7. Mk. II. 6 Ho. I. 200 T. I. 3. 26 Ho. I. 221 T. I. 3. 41 viaDDi / Vr.II. 4, 22. Ho. I. 186, 197 RT. I. 2. 12. T. I. 3. 19, 25. Mk. II. 6. Nihaso nikaSaH // sphaTika vikala 1 Ho.I.219 T.I. 8. 42 H. II. 24 T.I. 4. 24 Ho. I. 185. T. I. 3. 16. Hc. 1. 184 T. 1. 8. 17

Page #74
-II. 29] pratyAdestakAro DAdirbhavati // paDibaddho pratibaddhaH gartta // [ pAhuDa | veDasa | pddaaaa| gaDDa / ] vasati-bharatayorhaH ||26|| halkAryam bho vaH kaiTabhasya || 23 // kevo // kaiTabhaH // Hc. I. 209 Comm. RtvAdesto daH || 24 // T. I. 3. 49 Comm. RtvAdestakAro do bhavati // ud RtuH // rajata Agata nivRta surata marakata sukRta saMyata vivRti pravRti AvRti AkRti vidhRti saMhRti nivRtti niSpatti saMpatti pratipatti ityAdi // [ raada / Aada / Nivvada / surada / maraad / sukada | saMjada / vivadi / pavidi / Avadi / Akadi / vihadi / saMhadi / viddi | Nipachi | saMpaddi | paDipachi / ] TIkA | AdinA zrutaM sudaM, khyAtiH khAdI, tAtaH tAdo, sAmprataM saMpadaM, pratAritaH parido // DAdiH pratyAdeH ||25|| vasahI / bharaho // vasatiH / bharataH // No garbhitairAvatayoH // 27 // gamiNo / erAvaNo // garbhitaH / airAvataH || tyasya caH // 28 // saccaM // satyam // tvasya catvare vA // 26 // Vr, II. 21,29. RT. 1. 2. 7. Mk. II, 28 Vr. II. 7 RT. 1. 2. 5 Mk. II. 7 Vr. II. 8 & III. 25 Mk. II. 10 // Vr. II. 9 RT. I. 2. 12 Mk. II. 9 Vr.II 10-11 RT. 1. 2. 5 Mk. II. 11 prAbhRta vetasa patAkA Vr. III. 27 Pu. III. 2. RT. I. 3. 4 Mk. III. 81 15 Hc. I. 240 T. I. 3. 64 RT. I. 3. 4 Mk. III. 58 Hc. 2. 206 T. I. 3. 33 Hc. I.214 T.1.8.88-89 Ho. I. 208 T.1.3.50 51 Ho. II. 13 T. I. 4. 17 3 caccaraM cattaraM vA // 1) Found only in S1. 2) After this S1 P. gabmiNI / 3) P. catvaram ( wrong ). Hc. II. 12 T. I. 4. 16

Page #75
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ II. 30 Vr.III. 22,24 RT. I. 3.8 Mk. III. 27 Ho. II. 30 T. I. 4. 80 Vr. III. 23 Mk. III. 28. Vr. II. 50 He. I. 254 RE. I. 2. 9-10 T.I.3. 77-78 Mk. II. 29 TTo tasyAdhUrtAdeH // 30 // vaTTai vartate // dhUrtAdestu dhutto|| kIrti vartana Avarta mUrti nirvartita vartamAna saMvarta antarvartI kartA kartari ityAdi // [ kitti / vttnn| Avatta / mutti / Nibvattia / vattamANa / saMvatta / aNtvvttii| kattAra / kattari / ] ttokaa| AdinA muhUrtAdergrahaNam / muhUrta muhuttaM / / / pattanasya ca // 3 // paTTaNaM // pttnm|| ro lo haridrAdeH // 32 // haridrAdInAM repho lo bhavati // haladdA haridrA / taruNa mukhara sukumAra yudhiSThira aGgAra daridra parigha parikhA kirAta // [ taluNa / muhl| somAla / jahiTThila / iMgAla / dalidda / phaliha / phlihaa| cilaaa|] ttiikaa| somAlo ityatra mayUrAderoda vAnantaraiH (I. 7) iti kuvarNena saha .. ukArasya okAraH // yo jjo vottarIyAnIyatIyAnAm // 33 // RI.2.s. Fi.3.68 uttarIyAnIya-tIyAnAM yakAro jjo vA bhavati // uttarI uttarija vaa| karaNI karaNijja vaa| tiijjaM tii vA // uttarIyam / karaNIyam / tRtIyam // dve duijje vA // 34 // duijjaM dui vaa| anyatra bI vA // dvitIyam // ttiikaa| atra jja-kAraparatvAbhAvAd bIyamiti lukkAdiyuktasyeti (II. 46) dkaarlopH| Adya pAnta-lavaraH (II. 47 ) iti prApta vakAralopAbhAvastakAre lapta savarNena dIrghatvametat sarva nipAtanIyamiti zeSaH // Vr. II.17 RT.I.2.3. Mk. II.16 Ho. I.248 T.I.3.68 Vr. I. 18 RT.I. 2.8 Mk. II. 16. Comm. c. I. 101 Comm. 1) In ABCCISSIP these two sUtra (30-31) are given in one satra (No. 34). 2) Found in SS1 3) Found only in S1. 4) P. tiijjaM tiikaM vA S1 tiiya 5) P. rIya (wrong). 6) Found in Sonly.

Page #76
Vr. II.31 RT. I. 2. 14 Mk. II.30 Hc. 1. 245 T. I. 3.74 Vr. II.82 RT. I. 2. 14 Mk. II.31 Hc. I, 247 T. I. 3.71 Vr. II.34 RT.I.2.14 Mk. II. 83 Hc. I. 181 T.I.3.12 Vr. II.33 RT. I. 2.14 Mk. II.32 Hc. I. 183 T.I. 3. 13 -II. 42 ] halkAryam AdijaH // 3 // AdiryakAro jo bhavati // jso|| yshH|| lo yaSTaH // 36 // laTThI // yssttiH|| khAdiH kubjAdeH // 3 // kubjAderAdiH khAdirbhavati // khunjA // kubjA // caH kirAtasya // 38 // cilaao|| kiraatH|| dolAderDaH // 36 // DolA dolA // daNDa dahana dazana // [ ddNdd| DahaNa / ddsnn|] phA paruSAdeH // 40 // pharusaM paruSam / / parigha parikhA / / [phaliha / phlihaa|] bisinyAderbhaH // 4 // misinnii|| bisinii|| manmathe vaH // 42 // H Vr. II. 35 RT.I.2.16 Mk. II. 34-35 . I. 217 T.I.3.35 Vr. II.86 RT. I.2.16 Mk. II. 36 He. I.282 T.I.8.66 Vr. II. 88 RT. I 2.16 Mk. II. 87 Hc. I. 238 T.I.3.63 Vr. II. 39 RT. I. 2. 16 Mk. II. 38 Hc. I. 242 T. I. 3.66 vammaho / manmathaH // 1) P. SaTa: (wrong). 2) B. puruSAdeH 1 3) B. phuriso ; P. pharuSaM(?) / 2

Page #77
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [II. 43 Vr. II.41 RT.I.2.16 Mk. II. 40 Ho.1.49.265 T.I.2.18 . I. 8.90 He, I. 256 Vr. II.40 RT.I.2.16 Mk. II. 39 T. I. 3. 82 Vr. I. 32 & III. 81 Ho. II. 197 chaH ssddaadeH||43|| cha SaT // SaSTha zAva saptaparNa // [ chch| chaav| chattavaNNa / ] ttiikaa| SaTpadaH chappado ityAdInAmevaM sAdhyam // No lAgalAdeH // 44 // NaMgalaM / Nohalo // lohalaH syAd asphuTavAga ityamaraH // vRkSasya sasvaro rurvA // 4 // RT.. vRkSazabdasyAdivarNaH svarasahito rurvA bhavati // rukakho vaccho vA // vRkssH| [atha yuktavidhiH ] luk kAdiyuktasya // 46 // yuktasyAdiH kakArAdiluMga bhavati // bhutta ||g // duddhaM / dd|| khaggo / t // uppattI // / / gaggaro ||p|| samatta // // TThi,ro ||s // ptthr|| bhuktm| dugdham / khaDgaH / utpattiH / gadgadaH / samAptam / niSThuraH / prastaram // Vr. III. B He. II. 79 Adhu paant-lvrH||47|| ukkA / pikka / cakaM // ulkA / pakam / cakram // ttiikaa| yuktasyAdibhUtA upAntabhUtA vAntasvarAt prAk sthitA ye lavarA iti trayo varNAsteSAM lopo bhavati // upAnta-manayazca // 48 // juggaM / bhggo| saMkhA / / yugmam / bhamaH / saMkhyA / Vr. III.1 RT.I 3.1 Mk. III.1. He. II.77 T. I.4.77 T.I.4.78 RTI.3.1 Mk. III.3 Vr. III.2 RT. I. 3. I Mk. III. 2 Ho. II.78 T.I.4.79 ___1) Found in S1 only. 2) P. lohl| 3) Not found in B. 4) This vrtti is found in the margin of S1 only. 5) P. patthAnaM / 6) Found in S, only.

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Vr. III.8 RT.I.8.1 Mk. III. B Op. T c. 1.66 (Vrtti) .I.2.17 -II 54] halkAryam 16 jA' sarvajJAdeH // 4 // savvajo / ahijjo| sujjo / jANa // srvjnyH| abhijJaH / sujnyH| jJAnam // zmazAnAdeH zaH // 50 // masANa / massU // zmazAnam / shmshruH|| madhyAhna haH // 51 // majjhaNNo // madhyAhnaH // Vr. III.6 RT.I.8.2 Mk. III.7 Ho. II.88 T.I.4.76 Vr, III.7 RT. I. 3.2 Mk. III.8 Hc. II.84 T.I.4.81 viyuk kliSTAdeH parasvarazca // 52 // Vr. III.60 Ho. II. 101 Pu. III. 27T.1.4,96-96 RTI.3.17 Mk. III. 77 kliSTAderyuktasyAdiviyuga bhavati // parasvara itarasya svarazca bhavati / kiliTTho kliSTaH // zliSTa ratna kriyA zAGga // [ siliTTha / rann| kiriaa| saarNg|] kRSNa vA // 3 // kaNho kasaNo kisaNo vA // kRSNaH // TIkA / Rt ( I. 27 ) iti akAraH // kSmAdeha svazca // 54 // Vr. III.61 Rr. I. 3. 16 Mk. III. 78 Ho. II. 110 T. I. 4. 104 Ho. II 18 101,104 Vr. III. 63 Pu. III. 80 RT.1.3.16 Mk. III. 42 khmaa|| zlAghA kleza hI zrI strii|| [ slaahaa| kiles| hirii| sirii| itthirI ] ttiikaa| AdAvapyatra ikArasya pRthaga viyuktatvaM lokAnusArAt // 1) P. jH| 2) P. sa: (wrong). 3) Found in s only. 4) itthirI is iound in S1 only. 5) This tika is found in S1 and in the foot-note of P.

Page #79
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [II. 55 snehe vA // 5 // Vr. III. 64 Hc. II. 102 Pu.III.31T.I.4.97 RT. 1.3.18 Mk. III.67 siNeho ho vA // snehH|| ttiikaa| AdAvapyatra ikArasya pRthaga viyuktatvaM lokAnusArAt // klAntyAderitvAn // 56 // Vr. III. 62 Hc. II. 106 Pu. III. 28-29 T. I.4.101 RT. I. 3.17 Mk. III.80 RT. I. 3.18 Mk. III.89 kilaMto klaantH|| glAna mlAna svapna gardA arhA harSa ityaadi| [ gilANa / milANa / siviNa / garihA / arihaa| hris|] ttiikaa| prakrAntatvAdAdiyuktatvam / atrAdi-grahaNAt sarSapaH sarisao, sparzaH phariso phaMso vA, darzanaM darisaNa daMsaNa vA, AdarzaH Aariso, utkarSaH3 ukkariso, varSavaraH varisavarI ityAdInAM grahaNam // snAnAdervA // 57 // pahANaM siNANaM vA snAnam / aggI agiNI vA agniH // sutthaM susitthaM vA susthyam // ttiikaa| bahulAdhikArAdasya vidheranityatvAdaggItyAdau na bhavati // jyAyAmItvAn // 8 // jIA jIyA vA // jyaa|| ttiikaa| yasyAyAdervA ( II. 3 ) // Vr. III.66 RT. I. 8.19 Mk. III. 93 Ho. II. 115 T.I.4.110 1) P. NNe ho| 2) Found in S1 only. 3) P reads utkRssttH| 4) Thia tika from atrAdi to grahaNam is found in si. and in the foot-note of P. where it begins with AdinA and ends in vrisvro| 5) Found in 81 only. 6) BS, jiiyaa| 7) Found in s only.

Page #80
21 -II 65] . halkAryam tanvyAderutvAn // 56 // Vr. III. 66 Pu. III. 32 RT.I.8.19 Mk. III.94 HO.II. 113 . I. 4 106-10T tnnui| garui / rukkhaM / padumaM // tnvii| gurvI / vRkssH| padmam // ppAdirAtmAdeH // 6 // Vr. III. 48-49 Pu. III. 18, 17 RT. I. 3. 11 Mk. III.61 Vr. III.63 RT.I.3.11 Mk. III.72 Ho. II.66 T.I.4.49 Ho. II.38 Vr. III.46 RT. I.3.9 Mk. III. 64 AtmAderyuktasya sthAne ppAdirbhavati // appA / ruppaM // AtmA / rukmam // mbastAmrAmrayoH // 6 // taMbaM / aMbaM / tAmram / Amram // ndo NDo bhindipAle // 2 // bhiMDivAlo // bhindipaalH|| paJcAzat-paJcadazayoNaH // 6 // paNNAsA' / paNNaraha // paJcAzat / paJcadaza // ttiikaa| ho dazAderiti ( II. 101) haH tAlavRnte NTaH // 6 // tAlaveMTa / / tAlavRntam // vRzcike shcH||6|| viMcuo' // vRzcikaH ( I. 22 ; I. 32 ) // ttiikaa| uditu-vRzcikayoriti ( I. 22 ) ukAraH // Vr. III.44 RT.I.3.11 ME. III. 67 Ho. II.43 T.I.4.86 Vr. III. 46 RT.I.3.9 Vr. III. 41 HO.II. 16 T.I.4.18 ____1) B. gurui| 2) P omits this. 3) After this BP have vRkSaH zakkha, and the order is rukmaM ruppa / 4) B reads as svstaabhaamryoH| 5) P.naH ; paNNAsaM / 6) Found in S only. 7) P. vizca o|

Page #81
[II. 66 Vr. III. 61 RT.I.3.9 Vr. III.17 RT.I.3.7 Ho. II.95 T.I.4.25 Vr. III. 39 RT. I.3.12 Mk. III.46 Ho. II.71 T.I.4.62 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH * To'sthnaH // 66 // aTThI / asthi // zayyAbhimanvyojaH // 6 // sejaa| ahimajjU // zayyA / abhimanyuH // ttiikaa| zayyAderet ( I. 4) hA kArSApaNe // 6 // kAhAvaNo // kaarssaapnnH|| vihvale vA // 6 // vihalo vinbhalo vaa|| kuSmANDyAM pUrvasya // 7 // kohaMDI // kussmaannddii|| lo [vA.] bASpe [haH] // 7 // [alla Ardram ] * // bAha bASpam // Vr. III.47 RT.I3.12 Mk. III.68 Ho. II.68 T.I.4.62 RT.I.3.16 Mk. III.46 Ho. II. 73 T1.4.68 Vr. III. 38 Hc. I0.70 Pu. III.13 T.I.4.61 RT. I. 8.16 Mk. II. 25,52 1) Found only in 8. 2) P. faecat fanget i 3) ABCC, 88, LP have lomArthe vaasspe| L has corrected it as alomArthe etc. [ corrige alo-P.44 Ex.] ! But as the meaning of this sutra is still unintelligible, the portions enclosed in the bracket have been emended by me on the strength of other grammarians. It can also be split up into two distinct sutras--at ata, and also a: ; but as the whole is almost an emendation by me, it has been kept into one sutra. 4) Not found in other manuscripts ; added by me. " -

Page #82
23 Vr. III. 28 Mk. III. 34 Ho. II. 26 T. I. 4.26-27 -II. 77] halakAryam jmaH sAdhvase // 72 // sajjhasaM // saadhvsm|| ttiikaa| AdIdUtazceti hrasvaH1 (I. 14) // khaH sphoTake // 73 // khoDao // sphottkH|| stambha cAdeH / / 74 // Vr. III. 16 Mk. III. 18 He. II. 6 T.I.4.6 Vr. III. 14 RT. I. 8.3 Mk. III. 17 HO.II. 8 T,I.4.11 Vr. III. 15 Hc. II. 7 T.I.4.9 Vr. III. 18 He. II 63-86 T. I. 4.67 63 RT.I.3.13 Mk. III.21 khaMbho // stambhaH // sthANau cAhare // 7 // khANU // hare tu namaha tthANu // namata sthANuM zivamityarthaH / / roryasturyAdeH // 7 // tUraM turyam / / dhairya Azcarya paryanta saundarya ityaadi|| [dhiir| accher| peraMta / suder|] ttokaa| Iddhaye saindhave hrasva iti ( I. 36) dhIramiti prayogaH / saundaryAderunnityam ( I. 43) iti // . laH paryastAdeH // 77 // pallattho paryastaH // paryANa paryata saukumArya ityAdi // [pllaann| pallaka / soamll|] ttiikaa| mukuTAderud at ( I. 6 ) iti akaarH| soamalla iti // Vr. III. 21 RT.1.8.14 Mk. III.24 Hc. II. 68 7.1.4.66 1) Found in S only. 2) S khotto| 3) S reads nmaami| 4) Found in 81 only. 5) Found in S only.

Page #83
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ II. 78 Vr. III. 20 RT. I. 3. 13 Mk. III.22 riazcauryAdeH // 7 // coriaN| soria|| cauryam / zauryam // ttiikaa| atra gaNe Azcaryazabdo'pyasti / tena accheriaM iti ca // cho'dayAdeH kSasya / / 7 / / / . Vr. III.30 Pu, III. T RT. I.3.6 Mk. III. 40 Ho. II. 11 .I.4.22 Vr. III. 31 Pu. III.8 Mk. III. 49 Hc. II. 18, 20 T.I. 4. 20-21 acchI akSi // lakSmI ikSu kSudhA cut kSuNNa kSAra kSipta samakSa tIra matikA kSetra kukSI ityAdi / [ lacchI / ucchu / chuhaa| chuaa| chuNNa / chAra / chitt| smcch| chiir| mcchiaa| chett| kucchii|] AdinA dakSaH dccho|| kSmAdervA // 8 // khamA chamA vA // khameti kecit // vRkSa vakSaH kssnn|| [vaccha rukkha / vaccho vkkho| chaNa khnn|] prataritAdemaH // 1 // pajjhario | jhINo' // prakSaritaH / kSINaH // stAdeH tyAdiH // 2 // stAdeH sthAne sthAdirbhavati // kotyuho // kaustubhaH // STasya duH||3|| ltttthii|| yssttiH|| ttiikaa| yssttiH| lo yaSTeH ( II. 36 ) iti yasya laH // Pu. III.9 Mk.III.18 1) Found in S1 only. 2) P. acchi / 3) P adds this in the foot-note. 4) P. pnyjhriyo| 5) P. jhiinno| 6) Found in S only.

Page #84
25 Pu. III.4 Ac. II.2-3 T.I.4.4,8 Vr III. 29 Pu. III.6 RT.1.3.3 Mk III.37 Mk III. 20 -II. 90] . halkAryam ghya-hyayomaH // 4 // majha / bjh|| madhyaM mahya vaa| bAhyam // Ska-ska-kSANAM kkhaH // 8 // vikkhNbho| mkkhro| akkharaM // viSkambhaH / mskrH| akSaram // jjo ryasya // 86 // kajjaM // kaarym|| ttiikaa| kAryamiti / AdIdUtazcasaMyukta ( I. 14 ) iti hrasvaH / / znAderhaH // 8 // pnnho| ssnn| knnho| sn| haannN| kSaNa / tiNhaM // prshnH| kRSNaH / snaanm| tIkSNam // snuSA SakAraH // 8 // sohA NohA // snuSA // thya-zca-tsa-psAnAM cchaH // 4 // micchaa| pcchimo| kucchio| acchro|| mithyaa| pazcimaH / kutsitH| apsrH|| Vr. III. 8,38 Pu. III. 11 RT. I. 3. 15 Ho. II.16 T.I.4 6 9-70 Vr. III. 27,40 Pu, III.2.14 Mk. III. 53 HO.II.21 T.I.4.23 Vr. III. 42 Mk, III.54 Ho. I. 114 II.22. T.I.2.61 notsukotsavayoH // 10 // etayozca na [ bhavati ] // Usuo / Usavo // utsukaH / utsavaH // 1) P. durmaH / 2; S. gohaa| 3) Found only in S. 4) S. ossulo; P. osushro|

Page #85
Pu. III.10 Mk. III. 43 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ II. 91mAdehaH // 6 // gimho / sma / vimhio| ma / pamho // grISmaH / vismitH| pakSmam // nho hrasya // 12 // kalhAro / / khaarH|| ttiikaa| atra upAnta-manayazceti ( II. 48 ) lakAralopa iti kecit / / Vr. III.8 Ho. II.76 T.I.4.66 VE.III.8,32 HO.II.74 T.I.4.67.68 mho masya // 13 // bmhnno|| brAhmaNaH // Mk. III. 62 Ho. II.67 T.I.4.61 bbho hasya // 14 // gnbhro|| ghvrH|| mmo nmasya // 6 // Vr. III. 43 Pu. III. 15 Mk. III. 66 Hc. II.61 T.I.4.48 ummatto // unmattaH // Vr.III.8,33 Ho. II.76 T. I.4.69 70 Nho hrasya // 66 // vaNhI // vhniH|| Spa-spayoH pphaH // 17 // Vr.III.86-36 Pu. III. 12 Mk. III. 48 HO.II.53 T.I.4.44,76 pupphN| phaMso // puSpam / sprshH|| 1) Found only in S1.

Page #86
Vr. III.37 Vr. II. 43 Mk. II.44 Hc.I. 260 TI. 3.87 -II. 104] . halakAryam / prateH spasya sirvA // 8 // paDiphaddI paDisiddhI vA // ttiikaa| DAdi pratyAderiti ( II. 25 ) takArasya DakAra: // jJa-gaNayogaH // 16 // jaNNo / ruNNo // yajJaH / rugNaH // zaSayoH saH // 10 // NisA / visaM // nizA / viSam // ho dazAdeH // 10 // daho / palAho / paahaanno|| dsh| plaashH| pASANaH // ttiikaa| dazapadena dazAntAH zabdA gRhyante // saMjJAyAM vA divasasya ca // 10 // dahabalo dasabalo vaa| diaho diaso vA // dshblH| divasaH / / No'yugmasya // 10 // viSNajaNo // vijnyjnH|| Adau vA // 104 // akArayuktanasya NaH syAt / / NaI naI vA // ndii|| Vr.II.44.46 Mk.II.46 HD.I.262 T.I.3.88 Vr. II. 46 Mk. II. 47 He.I. 263 .I.3.88 Vr. II. 42 Ho. I. 228 Mk. II. 41-42 T.I. 8.62. Mk. II 43 He. I. 229 T.I. 3.53. 1) The prescription of fer for ET of the word ofaegat as given in the example is not sanctioned by other grammarians. To this Vararuci has only one analogous sutra fe 7 (III. 37) which is again doubtful, not being sanctioned by all Mss. consulted and collated by Cowell. 2) Found only in S1. 3) Found only in S. Jain Education international

Page #87
Vr. III.EO Pu. III. 20 Ho. II. 89 T.I.4.86 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [II. 105dviranAdau prAgayukto'rAdiH // 10 // pUrvaprakRtyavasthAyAM yukto'nAdau vartamAno varNo rAdivarja' dvirbhavati // juggN| ditttthii|| Adau tu khNbho| khli| arAdiyug iti kim / tUraM / jiihaa| siiho| mANaM siNI // yugmam / dRSTiH / stambhaH / skhalitam / turym| jihvaa| siNhH| mnsvinii|| ____ttiikaa| dRSTiriti / RSyAderit (I. 32) iti i: / STasya : (II. 83) iti dvAdeze diTThIti rUpa bhaviSyati / stambhaH / stambhe cAderiti (II. 74) stasya sthAne khH|| yatrAnAdisthasya prAgayuktasya dvitvaM na dRzyate tadapyasya vissyH| anye'pi saMjJAzabdAzca / yathA SaNmukhaH saMmuho nizcalaH Nicchalo ityarthaH // ApUrvo jJA // 106 // aannaa| ANattI / AjJA / aajnyptiH|| nabhazvara-harizcandrorazcarAdau nipAtaH // 107 // RT.1.5.10 HO, II. ST nnharo| harido / uraro|| nbhshcrH| hrishcndrH| urazcaraH // Mk. III.74 Mk. III. 10 T. 1. 4.76 dviIMDAdya pAnto yauvana-vazca // 10 // Ho. II. 98 T. I.4.93. Vr. III. 52 Pu. III. 21 RT. I. 4.1 Mk. III.71 gedddd| jovvaNaM // srotas vyAhRta Rju jAnu yuvan sthUla prema calita // [ sott| vAhatta / rijju / jnnnnu| juvvaNa / sull| pemma / calitta // ] Vr. III. 68 Ho. II. 99 sevAdervA // 10 // T.I.4.92 Pu. III. 22 RI. I.4. I-2 Mk. III.76 sevA sevA vA // deva nakha eka ziva taila bhrUNa hema nihita maNDUka tUSNIka // [ daiva daivva / Naha Nakkha / ea ek| sia sivva / tela tella / bhUNa bhuNNa / hema hemma / Nihia Nihitta / maMDua maMDuka / tuNhia tuhika / ] 1) Found in S only. 2) Found in S1 only. 3) P.-zcandrorastaTAdau / 4) SP. hariaNNo, and after this P has uraaro and ss. have urattho|

Page #88
-II. 113] halkAryam duHsaha-duHsaMcara- duHkhitAnAM saMdhau // 110 // dussaho dUsaho vA / durasaMcaro 1 dUsaMcaro vA / dukhio dUhio vA // duHshH| duHsaMcaraH / duHkhitaH // 26 durlabhAderyuktasya / / 111|| dulaho dUlaho / durbhaga trailokya [ azva ] karNikAra dIrgharAtra [ puSya ] azru, Izvara [ zvazrU 4 ] [ mizra ' ] vizvAsa razmi ityAdi // [ dUhaga dubbhaa / teloa telloka | Asa assa / kANiAra kaNNiAra / dIharatta diggharata / pUsa pusa / aMsu assu / Isara issara / sAsU sassU / mIsa missa / vIsAsa vissAsa / rAsi rassi / ] tatpuruSAdAvayuktazcottarapadAdiH ||113 || bahulaM bahuphalaM vA bahuphalam // TIkA / khAdi (II. 11 ) iti ha: ' 8 / 7 TIkA / azrAviti / azvAderAdimadhyagurvakSarapara iti (II.119 ) anusvAraH // Hc. II. 72 T. I. 4. 63. ef. Ho. I. 43 T. I. 2. 8 samAse vA ||112 || devathuI devatthuI vA // devastutiH // TIkA | devastutiriti / stAdeH tthAdiriti ( II. 82 ) stakArasya sthAne tthakAraH // stAdeH tthAdiriti tthAdezenApi yannityaM tadapi vikalpenAtra bhavatIti vacanArthaM punarvApadamatropanyastam // Pu. IV. 11 Vr. III 57. He. II. 97. Pu. IV. 10. T. I. 4. 90-91. III. 28 All have adhvan / 1) P. dUsaJcaro dussaJcaro etc. 2 ) Emended by me. All have puSpa | 4) Emended by me. All have 3) Emended by me. zatru | 5 ) Emended by me. All have mitra | 6) After this all the Mss. and Pin the foot-note read "vyavasthita vibhASayA sattU iti nityam", 7 ) Found in S only 8 ) Found in S1 only.

Page #89
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ II. 114 dADhAdirdaSTrAdeH // 114 // Vr.IV.36 Pu.IV.84 RTI.524 Mk, IV.64 of.HD.II.117 123,199,174 Vr. IV. 32 Ho II. 144 Mk. IV.61T. I. 8.96 Vr. IV.28 RT.I.6.9 Mk. IV.65 He.II.116 T.I.4.113 Vr.IV.31,38 RT. I. 6.9 of.Mk.IV.64 of.Hc.1I 138 II, 178 daMSTrAdeH sthAne dADhAdirbhavati // dNssttraadaaddhaa| duhitA dhuuaa| bhraH bhuumaa| vaidUryam veruuliiyN| lalATam NaDAlaM / ubhayam addddh| pArzvam paasN| bRhat baahu| stambaH lNbo| cihnam cinnN| vadhaH vddho| kabandhaH kbddho| bRhaspatiH bhapphii| AlAnam aannaalN| bhasma chaar| gRham ghr|| na gRhapatau // 11 // gahavaI // gRhptiH|| karaNo raNorvyatyayaH striyAm // 116 // kaNerU // krennuH|| goNAdirvA godAvaryAdeH // 117 // goAvarI goNA vA // nilayaH nnihelnno| utpalam phllottuu| cUtaH maaaNdo| zuktiH sippI / pItam pIaNaM / vidyut vijunnaa| * malinam mil| suvarNam supnnnnN| avakAzaH oaaso| apasAraH osaaro|| GanAhanyanusvAraH // 18 // hali pare GanoH sthAne'nusvAro bhavati // pNtii| maMtI / paGaktiH / mantrI // azrAderAdimadhya-gurvakSaraparaH // 12 // Vr. IV. 15_Ho. 1. 26 aMsU aznu // vakraH vaMko // zmazU sparza manasvinI zuSka darzana ityaadi| [mNsuu| phNs| maannNsinnii| suh| dNsnn|] 1) BCCIP. kuNe ru, SS, knne| 2) P. phlloddh'| :) P. zipsI, Vr. IV. 17 RT.I.6.15T Mk. IV.23 Ho I. 80 .I.1.47 rA Vr. IV.15 Mk. IV. 20 Ho. 1.26 Vr.I.1.42

Page #90
31 Vr. IV. 6 Ho.1.11 Mk: IV. 13 -II. 125] halakAryam luganto hala // 120 // Pu. IV. 12 . I. I. 26 anto hala lum bhavati // mruu| accharaaNo // marut / apsarogaNaH / / ttiikaa| apsarogaNaH / okArasya akAraH prakRtitvAt okAro'traluptaH / evamanyadapi bodhyam // Ho. I.13-14 T. I.1.26 RT.I.5.4 na nirdurorati // 12 // niraaso| duraaso|| punaro nokte // 122 // punnrutt|| kacidvAdhiH // puNovi puNavi puNaravi vaa| ttokaa| manaHzilAdau sa odvA ( II. 146) iti rephasya sthAne okaarH| visargavidhau sakAra-rephayoraikyAt // mAMsAderanuskhAro vA // 123 // - maMsaM mAMsaM vaa| kaha kaha vaa|| nUnaM kiMpunaH idAnI sammukha ityAdi / [NaNa NUNaM / kiuNa kiNunno| dANI idaanniiN| samuha sNmuh|] striyAmAt // 124 / / strIliGge'nto hala AkAro bhvti| sariA // sarit / na vidyutaH // 12 // IV... Ho. 1. 15 vijjU / vidyut // ttiikaa| vidyudityasya sthAne dyasya jja ( II. 18 ) iti jjaH / / Vr.IV.16 Pu. III. 25 RT.I.5.15 Mk. IV.25 HO.I.29 T.I.1.14 Vr. IV.7,9 Ho. I.15 ME. IV. 14T.I.1.29 Vr. IV.9 Mk. IV. 14 He. I. 16 ____1) Found in St only. 2) In P it is given as a separate satra (no. 126). 3) Found in 8 only.

Page #91
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [II. 126 Vr. IV.10-11 HO.I.18-19 Pu. IV.16 T.I.1.85-86 RT. I 5.12 Mr. IV.27 samAsa-puMliGgayorakAraH // 126 / / vaaak| suvAo / vAcAkRtam / suvAk // dika-zarat-prAvRSo'dantAzca // 127 // diso| srdo| paauso|| ttiikaa| pAusa / pAusa iti prakRte pusi prAvaTa-zarannasantAH ( II. 129) iti pustvam / luganto hal ( II. 120 ) iti lopH| atA soriti ( III. 2 ) otvam // __ pRSThAdirvA // 12 // Mk. IV. 29 pRSThAdiH striyAM vA bhavati / / puTu puTThI // akSi prazna // [ acchI acchi| paNhA pnnho|] ttiikaa| puTTamiti / udRtvAdezva' ( I. 30 ) // puMsi prAvRTa-zaranasantAH // 126 // prAvRTa -zaran-nakAra-sakArAntAzca pusi bhavanti // paauso| srdo| kmmo| jso|| prAvRT / zarat / karma / yshH|| ttiikaa| nAntaM napuMsakaM viddhi puliGge'pi pracakSate / evaM liGge viparyAso zeyaH zabdAntareSvapi // na ziro-namasI // 130 // Vr. IV.18 Pu. IV. 18 RT. I. 5.18 Mk. IV.27 Hc. I. 31 . I.1.60 Vr.IV.18-19 Pu. IV.18 Mk. IV.27 Ro. I. 32 T.I.1.49 sira / nnh|| 1) Found in S, only. 2) Found in S only. 3) ABCC, SS.PzaradvasantAH / But it should be corrected as na, which we find in the vrtti, 4) S. siriN|

Page #92
II. 136] hala kAryam Hc. II.146 T. II.1.29 Vr.IV.23 Pu. IV 23 RT.I.6.22 Mk. IV.39 Ho. III. 180 T. II. 4.41 klAdestUNaDAdiH // 13 // hoUNa / gaMtUNa // bhuutvaa| gatvA // ntaGa zatuH // 132 // hoto // bhavan // ttiikaa| ngitvaadvrgpnycmlopaabhaavH| dhAtumato'ma iti masya nH| GanohalyanusvAraH ( II. 118 ) ityasyAnuskhAraH / zAnasya vA // 133 // Vr.VII.10 Ho. III.181 T. II.4.42 vevaMto vevamANo vA // vepamAnaH // Vr. IV. 24 Ho. II. 145 T. II.1.28 tRriraH // 134 // gmiro|| gantA // tA-tvayordA-tUNau // 13 // muuddhdaa| mUDhatUNaM // mUr3hatA mUDhatvaM vA / / matorillAdiH // 136 // Pu. IV.28 Ho.II. 169 . II. 1.1 Vr. IV. 26 Pu. IV.30 T RT. I. 5.21 Mk. IV.46-47 dhnnillo| NihAlU / niddaalaa| uvahArullaM' / punnnnvNto| rosaillo // dhnvaan| nidrAluH nidrAvAn vaa| nidraavtii| upahAravat / puNyavAn / roSavAn // 1) Found in S1 only. 2) ABCCIP tuNa / 3): P.-rugNaM | 4) P.-itto|

Page #93
34 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH saMdhi prAptaH || 137 // nityaprApto'pi saMdhirvA bhavati // brAsaisI vAsesI vA / kusaaggI kusaggI vA // devaM imaM devamimaM vA / tiia tIa vA // vyAsaRSiH / kuzAgniH / devamimam / tRtIyam // kacinna syAdeva / vAlAe // vAlAyAH // dIrgho vA subhagAdeH // 138 / / suhao sUhavo vA / visaM vIsaM kvacinnityam * // sAlIvaNaM / pIlUvaNaM // Ho. I. 43. Ad-Id-Ula - luptavyaJjane // 136|| T. I. 2. 8. 6 AsAso | vIsAso / Usavo // AzvAsaH / vizvAsaH / utsavaH // TIkA / lupta vyaJjanaM yasya talla ptavyaJjanam / AzvAsazabdasyAdya pAntalavaraH ( II. 47 ) iti vakAraluk 1 AdIdUtazca saMyukte ( I. 14 ) iti hrasve kRte punardIrghaH // 8 durlabhAdAvaduHkhite'dvitve vA // 140 // dUlaho || duHkhite tu duhio // dvitve tu dullaho dukkhao // 9 viMzatyAdau GAdiluka vasaI 11 TIkA | striyAmAt ( II. svAro gRhyate / prakRte 'nusvArasthAnIyatvAt 14 // vA // veNuvaNaM veNUvaNaM vA // 10 // 141 // [ II. 137 I tIsA 12 11 viMzatiH 1 triMzat // Vr. I. 17 RT. I. 5. 14 Mk. IV. 5 Ho. I. 92 124 ) iti takArasya AkAra: 13 // Ga-padenAtrAnu & separate sUtra (No 142 ). a separate sutra ( No. 144 ) (1) P. kusAggI / 2) In P this is given as 3) ABCC 1 P. sUhao vA / 4 ) In P it is given as 5) P reads ad id ul eto. 6) P. Aso / 7 ) Found in S1 only. 8) Found in S only. 9) P. dulaho dUlaho vA 10) P reads mA diluk / 11 ) B. vIsaha 12) P. tIsA | 13) Found in S only. 14 ) Found in S1 only.

Page #94
Mk. IV.6 Ho. I. 186 T.I. 8.1 Mk.IV.9 -II. 146] hala kAryam svastyAdeva odvA // 142 // satthi sotthi vA // saNaM soNNaM vaa|| NaahaliaeNNohali vA // svsti| svajJam / navaphalikam // kacid hrasvo vA // Naisotto NaIsotto vA // ndiisrotH|| testrayasaH // 143 // teraha / tevIsaM // trayodaza / trayoviMzat // luga vA vAderyAvadAdau // 144 // Mk. IV. 9 jA jAva vaa| tA tAva vaa| bhANaM bhAaNaM vaa| jI jIvikSa vaa| mUlappADI mUloppADI vaa| cakkAo cakkavAo vaa| keNavi keNAvi vA / ityAdi // yaavt| taavt| bhaajnm| jiivitm| muulotpaattii| ckrvaakH| kenApi // udumbare donityam // 14 // uNbro|| udumbaraH / / manaHzilAdau sa odvA // 146 // maNasilA maNosilA vaa| maNaraho maNoraho vaa| sararaha saroruhaM vA / puNapuNo puNopuNo vA ityAdi / - [iti hal-kArya nivRttam // RP. I.5.11 Mr. IV.7 1) In P this is given as a separate sutra (No. 149). 2) P. terosaM, 3) P. gratare: etc. 4) After this P has gurgurt gortgot an 5) Not found in ABCCISSIP.

Page #95
svAderodAdiH ||1|| suprabhRteH sthAne od Adirbhavati / / atA sorot ||2|| eso esa vA // eNaSTA ||4|| vaccho // vRkSaH // TIkA / vRkSa ityasya sthAne kSmAdeveMti (II. 80 ) cakArasya chakAra: 1 || etado vA ||3|| Vr. VI. 19. RT. I 6.3 Mk. V. 2 tRtIyaH paricchedaH subanta-kAryam eSaH // jasa-Da [- DasyorAdatA zasa et ||6|| vacchA vacche // vRkSAH vRkSAdvA vRkSAn // Vr. V. 1. Pu. V. 8 RT. 1.6. 2 Mk. V. 1 1) This tika is found in S only. 2) margin of AC 1. 3) Found in S only. 4) AC 1. 5 ) 8 - detA / Vr. V. 4 Pu.V. 12 Mk. V. 5 2 vRkSeNa // atA ityanuvartate / rukkheNa // TIkA | vRkSasya sasvaro rurvA ( II. 45 ) iti vRsthAne ruH / Ska- ska- kSANAM bakhaH (II. 85) / / +- bahuvacanavat sarvatraiva dvivacanam // 5 // 4 etena jas-sAdInAM yathArupa tathA au- autAdInAmapi // Vr. V. 2 Pu.V.1 Mk. V. 3 Hc. III. 2 T. II. 2. 13 Vr V. 2 Pu. V. 10.11 Mk. V. 3 Ho. III. 3 T. II, 2.14 Hc. III. 6 T. II. 2. 18,4 Ho. III. 4 T. II. 2. 3 Ec. III. 4 T. II. 2.3 This vrtti is found in the Found in the margin of

Page #96
-III. 13 ] subanta kAryam bhisohiM ata ecca // 7 // vacchehiM / mAlAhiM // vRkSaiH / mAlAbhiH // Gaseda-du-hayaH prAgdIrghazca // 8 // vacchAdo / aggIdu aggIhi vA // vRkSataH / agneH / agnitaH // 1 Vr. V. 5 Pu. V. 4.9 RT. I. 6. 3 Mk. V. 6 Vr. V. 6, 13 Pu. V. 6 Mk. V.7 sarvanAmnAM na dIrgho do - parANAm ||6|| tado / jado / savvado // tataH tasmAd vA / yataH yasmAd vA / sarvataH sarvasmAdvA // vippasa dhaNaM // viprasya dhanam // Amo NaH prAgdIrghazca // 13 // vacchANa / aggINa // vRkSANAm / agnInAm // purato'grataH prabhRtezca // 10 // puro / aggado / puTThado // purataH / agrataH / bhyaso hiMto suMto ata 'edAtI ca // 11 // vacchehiMto vacchAsu'to' / sAhuhiMto sAhusuto* // vRkSAbhyAM vRkSebhyo vA / sAdhubhyAM sAdhubhyo vA // pRSThataH // TIkA / bahuvacanavaditi (III. 5) vacanAt vRkSAbhyAM vRkSebhyo vA // Vr. V. 8 GasaH ssaH // 12 // Pu. V. 14 Mk. V. 9 37 Ho. III. 7 T. II. 2. 6 Hc. III. 8 T. II. 2. 6. 18 Vr. V. 4 Mk. V.5 Vr. V. 7 Ho. III. 9. RT. I. 6.3 Mk. V. 8. T. II. 2 6-7. Hc.I II. 10 T. II. 2. 10 1) S. it / 2) S1. sunto / 3) S. sunto / 4) Found in S1 only. Hc. III. 6 T. II. 2.18,4

Page #97
Vr. VI.64 Pu. V.2 Hc. III. 131 T.II. 3.36 Vr. v. RT. I. 6.4 Mk. V.10 Ho. III. 11 T.II. 2.11,16 Vr.v.14 Ho.III.18,22,23 Pu.V.16,19T. II. 2.3,26-27 Mk. V.17 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [III. 14sarvatra SaSThIvaccaturthyAH // 14 // vippassa dehi // viprAya dehi // DemiH // 15 // vcchmmi| aggimmi|| vRksse| agnau // atadvA // 16 // Pu. V. 14-15 vacchammi vacche ime vaa|| vRkSe asmin // iNaH zasa-GasorNoH // 17 // iNa uttarayoH zas-GasoH sthAne Norbhavati // agginno| saahunno|| agnIn agnervA / sAdhUna sAdhorvA // GasaH ssazca // 18 // Pu. V. 21 iNa uttarasya GasaH ssaH syAt // aggissa / sAhussa // agneH / sAdhoH // jasa ororiNazcAt // 16 // iNa uttarasya jasaH sthAne orbhavati / iNa uttarasya jasaH sthAne rorvA* bhavati / iNaH sthAne'cca / aggao aggaro vaa| sAhuo sAhuro vA // NorvA // 20 // agginnoN| saahunno|| agnyH| sAdhavaH // jasolugvAsonityaM bhis-suporpidiirghshc||22|| P::V..18 - aggI acchati acchai vaa| aggiihiN| sAhusu // agnayaH santi agnirasti vaa| agnibhiH| sAdhuSu // Pu. v. 11 Vr, V. 16 (Comm) Pu.V. 17 Vr.v. 18 Pu, V. 16 1) S and S, omit vt| 2) Not tound in S and P. 3) This vrtti is found in the margin of S. 4) S. ro vA ; S1 rorvA / 4

Page #98
Pu.V,20 Vr.v.2 Vr. V. 21 Pu. V. 38,47 -III. 28 ] subanta-kAryam agnivat sakhyAdiSTAdau // 22 // shinnaa| paiNA // skhyaa| patyA // ttiikaa| atra saMskRtavaccheSa iti saMskRtAtidezAt TA sthAne NA // striyAdot zasazca // 23 // Vr. V. 19 strIliGge jasaH sthAne zasazca sthAne ud bhvti| oJca // mAlAu maalaao| NaITa gaIon maalaaH| nadyo ndiiH|| jaso lugvA // 24 // vahU acchati // vadhvaH santi // hrasvo'mi // 2 // ami pare striyAM dI? hrasvo bhavati / mAlaM / vhu|| mAlAm / vadhUm // TA-Gasa-DInAmidedadAtaH // 26 // Pr: V. 29.42 striyAM TA-Gas-DInAM sthAne id ed ad Ad ityete AdezA bhavanti / gaIi kaNaIe NaIa NaIA vaa|| Gas-Dyorapyevam // nadyA kRtam // ttiikaa| samasaMkhyatvAbhAvAt kramo'tra neSTaH / / AdantAdadidetaH // 27 // mAlAa / maalaai| maalaae|| ttiikaa| kramo'treSTaH samasaMkhyatvAt // zeriM prAgadIrghazca // 28 // napuMsake jas-zasAdezasya zeH sthAne i. bhavati / prAgadIrghazca / dhnnaaii| jsaaii| dahIi / prAganusvAro vetyeke / dhnnaaNi| vaNAMI // Vr. v. 20 Pu.V. 41.42 Vr. v. 28 Vr. V. 26 Pu. v.37 1) P. phinnaa| 2) This tika is found in Sr only. 3) This sthAne is found only in S. 4) This tika is found in S1 only. 5) S1 omits . prAgdIrghazca, and adds it in the vrtti ; but s omits prAgdIrghazca in the vrtti. 6) SS1 zasoH / 7) S omits this example.

Page #99
Vr. v. 30 Pu.V.36 H. III. 25 T. II. 2.30 Vr. V.31 He. III. 45 Pu. V. 24T. II.2.49 Mk. V.88 Vr. v. 34 Hc. III. 47 Pu. V. 25-26 T. II. 2.51 Ik. V.39 Vr.v.35 Pu. V.26 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ III. 29svamo'nusvAraH // 26 // dahiM / mhuN|| dadhi / madhu // RdAraH svAdau // 30 // svAdau pare Rd Aro bhavati / bhttaaro| kttaaro|| bhartA / kartA // pitrAderaraH // 31 // piara / piareNa // pitrm| pitraa| A vA sau // 32 // piaro piA vaa|| pitaa|| mAtuH svAdau nityam // 33 // maaaa| maa| mAAi // maataa| mAtaram / maatraa|| jasa-zas-TA-GasbhirUdvA // 34 // bhattU acchti| bhattU rkkhh| bhattU k| bhattU dhaNaM // bhartAraH santi / bhartRna rakSata / bharnA kRtam / bhatu dhanam / / ttiikaa| bharta-zabdasya RkArasya sthAne Are kRte pazcAd adantatvAd atA soriti ( III. 2)1 // rAjJo vA jasAmorNoNa prAga-dIrghazca // 3 // Fr: V. 38-THEIL2. 38-33 rAjJa uttarayo sAmoH sthAne yathAkrama NoNaM ityeto vA bhvtH| prAgadIrghazca // rAA rAANo vaa| rAANa rAANaM vaa| raajaanH| rAjAnam / sau ca dIrghaH // 36 // Vr. III. 36 Vr. V.32 Pu. V. 34 Mk.V. 42 Ho. III.46 T. II. 2.50 Vr. V. 33 Pu.V.27 Vr.v.36-37 He. III. 49-50 u.V.33 ' T.II.2.53-55 raaaa|| raajaa|| 1) This tika is found in S1 only. 2) S and S1 omit prAga | 3) Si has further ca after diirghH|

Page #100
Pu. v.35 Vr. V. 41 Pu. V.34 Mk. V. 46 -III. 42] . subanta-kAryam saMbuddhAvanusvAro vA // 37 // he rAA he raamvaa| NaM vaanyto'piityeke| vallarINaM muhaM vallarINAM muhaM // vallarINAM mukham // zas-Gasi-GasAmadicca // 38 // Pu. V. 35 rAjJaH zasa-Gasi-DasAM sthAne nnorbhvti| akArazcedvA // rAiNo pekkha / rAiNo gennhdi| rAiNo dhaNaM // rAjJaH preksssv| rAjJo gRhnnaati| rAjJo dhanam // pakSAntare'lluka dvirNozca vA // rAiNo rAaNo raNNo vA // TA NA NNA vA / / 3 / / rANA rAiNA vaa| raNNA rAiNNA vA / / rAjJA // AtmAderappaNAdizca // 40 // Atman-brahman-yuvanazabdAnAM sthAne appaNa: bamhaNa juvvaNA vA bhavanti / appaNo' appnnenn| pakSAntare id dvitvAllugavarja rAjavat / appA / appnnaa| appaNo dhaNaM / Ami' / appaNo appANaM // aatmaa| aatmnaa| AtmanaH dhanam / AtmAnam // .: ssiM-ssi-tthAH sarvanAmnaH // 41 // Pu. V. 61 sarvanAmno kItyasya sthAne ssiM ssi tthA bhvnti| tasi tassi tattha // tsmin|| hiM vA kiM-yat-tadAm // 42 // Pu. v. 55 kiM-yat-tadA GItyasya sthAne hiM vA bhavati / kahiM kassiM / jahiM 10 jssiN| tahiM tassiM // kasmin / yasmin / tasmin / / Vr. V.45 Pu.V.32 ME V.53 1) This sutra and its vytti with examples are not found in 'S and 81. 2) In P it is given as a separate sutra (No.39). 3) Not found in P. 4) P has rAiNNA raNNA vaa| 5) S reads-rAppaNAdizca / 6) S. AppANa | '7) S. aappnno| 8) S omits id / 9) S omits from Ami to appANaM 10) s omits from jahiM to tasmin /

Page #101
42 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [III. 43 Vr. VI.8 Pu.v.56 RPI. 6.16 Mk. V.62 vr. VI.6 RP. I. 6. 16 Mk. V.60 Hc. III. 64 P. II. 2.68 Pu.v.56 Mk. V.62 Ahe' hiA ca kAle // 43 // kAhe kahiA vA / kahiM kassiM ca // kadA kasmin kAle // striyAmIca usaH ssA se / / 4 / / strIliGge ki-yattadAM GasaH sthAne ssA se ityetau bhavataH / adIcca / / A ca [dArthe"] // 4 // kissA kIse / pakSAntare kIi. kIe kIa kiiaa|| ksyaaH|| TIkA / kissA ityatra AdIdUtazca saMyukte ( I. 14 ) hrasvaH / koaa| etaniyamArtha TA-Gas -GInAmidedadAtaH (III. 26 ) ityanena sAmAnye prApte Adya va vidhIyate [ dArthe ) gamye tenAtivelAyAH kasyA ityarthe kIA // astriyAmAso vA // 46 // karasa kAso vaa|| tado GasA triSu vA se // 47 // tissA tss| se vA // tasyAH tasya / tto do usezca // 4 // kiM-yattadA Dase sthAne to do ityetau bhavataH / katto kdo| Pu.v.67 Pu. v.61, 68 1) P reads ahe etc. 2) ABCCI SS1 P. dADhya / The word dADhya', it seems to us, is a corrupt form of cru, and hence it has been emended by me as dArthe which also goes at par with the previous sutra Ahe hiA ca kAle (III. 43). Here dArthe stands for kAlArtha suffix dA+artha. It is to be noted that the tika has not even explained the word ; on the contrary, it has stated only dADhya gamye etc. Hence the tika has also been emended. 3) Ms. has dADhya ; emended by me. 4) This tika is found in S only.

Page #102
subanta-kAryam tacchabdasya do to ' vA // 46 // tatto to tadatto vA // -III. 54 ] etadasto- do-du-hayaH // 50 // to- do-ttheSu talopazca // 51 // 3 to do edAdu edAhi ettha / etasmAt / etasmin // TIkA / ettha / GaH ssiMssitthAH (III. 41 ) iti ttha: 4 || idametadoSTamoraNA esiM || 52 || 5 5 idametadoH kiM yattadAM ca TA Am ityetayoH sthAne iNA esi ityetau vA bhavataH / imeNa imiNA imesiM vA / edeNa ediNA edesiM vA / keNa kiNA kesiM" vA / imANa imiNA imesi vA / edANa ediNA edesiM vA / kANa kiNA siM vA // anena / etena / kena / eSAm / eteSAm / keSAm // idamAderanluk ca // 53 // do dAhi imA // 6 Pu. V. 70 TIkA / AmoNaH prAgadIrghazca (III. 13 ) ityAmaH sthAne NaH pUrvasya dIrghaH / imANa / ete yathAkrameNa TA sthAne iNa AmaH sthAne esiM / idamAderalluk ca (III. 53 ) ityakAraH // Vr. III. 14-15 Pu. V. 67 43 Pu V. 69 idama imaH || 54 // svAdau pare idamaH sthAne imo bhavati / ime acchai || asminnasti // Hc. III. 72 Vr. VI. 14 Pu. V. 64 RT. I. 6. 18 T. II. 2. 76 Mk. V. 70 1) Phas bhoH / 2 ) P has tadao | 3) In P this (no. 51 ) is included in the above sutra 4) Found only in S. 5) S omits this. 6) In P these examples are given as if forming one separate sutra (no. 54). In edo P has etada /

Page #103
44 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ III. 55 Vr. VI. 16 He. III. 74 T. II. 2.78 Vr. VI. 18 Pu.V.67,71 Ho. III. 90 ssa-ssimoradvA // 5 // assa imassa vaa| assi imarisa vA // svambhyAmiNamAdi klIve // 6 // iNaM dhaNaM / iNamo ima vA // ttha-prayogAbhAvaH // idam // adaso do muH sunA aho vA // 5 // Vr. V.. 23-24. svAdau pare adaso dakAro murbhavati / suNA saha aho vaa|| amU acchai aho vaa| amuNo amUhi // asau| amii| amIbhiH / / yuSmadasmadostaM-hamAdI // 5 // saMskRtAnusArAt supA saha yuSmadasmadoH sthAne taM-hamAdI bhavataH / / yuSmadastaM-tumaM sunA // // 5 // T. II, 3.1 taM hosi tumaM vaa|| tu cAmA // 6 // tupucchAmi taM tumaM vA // tvAM pRcchAmi / / tujjhe tumhe jasA // 61 // T. II. 3.3 tujme bhaNaha tumhe vA // yUyaM bhaNatha // zasA voraca // 2 // pucchAmi vo tujhe tumhe vA // yuSmAn pRcchAmi // TA-DibhyAM tai tae tumae DinA tumammi ca // 3 // Vr. VI. 80-38 Ho. III 94 ME. V. 86,94 T. II. 3.6 tai k| tai Thitumammi vA // tvayA kRtam / tvayi sthitam // Vr. VI. 26 P. V.73 RT.I. 6. 24 Mk. V.81 Vr. VI. 27Hc. III. 92 Mk. V.82 T. II. 3.2 Ho. III.91 Vr. VI. 28 Pu. V.74 Mk. V. 88 Vr. VI.29Hc. JII.98 Mk. V.84 T. II.3.4 ____1) assiM imassiM vA are not found in s. 2) s has Adizca / 3) P. tthe oto. 4) The subsequent folios of the manuscript 81 are lost after this (i. e. after asma ) / 5) P. tumasmi /

Page #104
-III. 73 ] subanta-kAryam 41 Vr. VI. 31-82 Hc. III. 99 GasA tumo- tui-tujha- tumha- tunbhAH // 64 // BF. 1. 6. 27 F. 11. 3, 12 Mk. V. 91 tumo dhaNaM // tava dhanam // te de ca TA-GasabhyAm ||6|| te kaa / de dhaNaM // tvayA kRtam / tava dhanam // tatto paDio // tvat patitaH // bhyasA tumbhAhiM to tumbhAsu to // 66 // tumbhAhi to paDio // yuSmat patitaH // vo tujhA tumhANamAmA // 70 // dhaNaM vo // yuSmAkaM dhanam // // 71 // supA tujhe tumhe tujhe tumhe Thia ' // yuSmAsu sthitam // sunAsmado haM aha aha amhi ||72 || TayA tumAi ca // 66 // tumAi kaa // tvayA kRtam // tumhe tumehiM bhisA // 67 // tumhehiM kaa tumbhehiM vA // yuSmAbhiH kRtam // GasinA tatto- taito tamAdu' - tumAdu-tumAhi // 68 // - V. 88 Vr VI, 85 * pucchAmi // ahaM pRcchAmi // 4 amA ammi ahammi* // 73 // ammi puccha || mAM pRccha // 5 1) P. te ; I has only de / asmi asammi | 5 ) AP asmi | Vr. VI. 30.33Hc, III. 94 Mk. V. 85, 92 T. II. 8. 5 Vr. VI. 30-33 Mk. VI. 85 Vr. VI. 34 Mk, V. 89 Vr. VI. 36 Mk. V. 89 Hc. III.94 T. II. 3. 5 Vr, VI39 Mk. V. 95 Vr. VI. 37 Hc. III. 100 T. II. 3.13 Mk. V. 93 Hc. III, 95 T. II. 3, 10 Ho. III. 108 T. II. 3.9 Vr. VI. 40-41 Hc. III. 105 Pu. V. 75.... T. II. 3. 15 Mk. V. 97 Vr. VI. 41- Ho, III, 107 42 T. II. 3. 19 Mk. V. 98 2) Only S has tamAdu / 3) P. ThThi 4 ) APS.

Page #105
Ho. III. 106 T.II.8.16,17 Vr. VI. 43 Ho. III. 108 T. II. 3,17-18 46 Ho. III. 110 Vr. VI.47 Mk, V.105 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [III. 74 Vr. VI. 43 - amhe jasA // 4 // Mk. V. 101 amhe jANimo / / vayaM jAnImaH // zasA amhaNo ca // 7 // amhe puccha amheNo vA / asmAn pRccha / / Vr. VI. 45- He. III. 109 TayA me mai mae // 6 // T. II. 3. 20 Mk. V. 103 me ka // mayA kRtam // amhehiM bhisA // 77 // amhehi k| asmAbhiH kRtam // - usinA matto-maitto-mamAdo-mamAdu-mamAhi // 78 // matto pddio|| mat patitaH / Mk. V. 106 bhyasA amhAhi to amhAsuto // 79 // NE.V. 100 amhAhito pddio|| asmat patitaH // me-mama-maha-majmA usA // 8 // dhaNaM me // dhanaM mama // AmA majmANa amho amha amhANo // 8 // majjhANaM dhaNaM // asmAkaM dhanam // Vr. VI. 51_Ho. III. 114 DinA mamammi'-mai-mae // 2 // mamammi Thi // mayi sthitam // supA amha su // 3 // amhesu vasai // asmAsu vasati // 1) P. mmsmi| 2) P. ThThi / r. VI. 49 H. III. 112 Vr. VI48Hc. III. 111 Mk. V. 109 Mk. V. 110 Hc. III. 116 Vr. III.52 Mk. V.111 Ho. III.117 Vr. VI. 63 Mk. V.112

Page #106
-III. 89] subanta-kAryam 47 dvi-tryordo-tI // 4 // Vr. VI. 56 He. III. 118 Pu. V.76-17 T. II. 3. 29 Mk.V.113-14. Vr. VI64-566c, III. 119 Pu. V.79-80 Mk. V.115-16 Pu.V.79 khAdau pare dvi-tryoH sthAne do tI ityetau bhavataH / dohi| tiihiN| tiisuto|| ttiikaa| dvAbhyAmiti prakRterdohiM iti bhiso hi ata ecca sarvatra kavacanavad dvivacanam / / 1 doNhi-tiNhi jasa-zasabhyAm // 8 // Pu. V. 79-80. tayoH sthAne jas-zasbhyAM saha dohi tihi ityetau bhvtH| dohi acchati / tihi bhaNaMti / / dve1 ve doNi ca // 86 // Vr. VI. 57 He. III. 120 duve bhaNaMti // caturazcattAro cattAti // 87 // Puvi caturaH sthAne jas-zasbhyAM saha cattAro cattAri ityetau bhvtH| cattAro bhaNaMti / cattAri bhaNati / / cauranyatra // 8 // cuuhi| cuusuto|| teSAmAmo NhaM // 8 // MR. V. 121 teSAM dvi-tri-caturNAmAmaH sthAne Nha bhvti| donnh| tivhN| cauNDaM // iti subanta-kArya nivRttam // Hc. III. 122 Vr. VI.58 Pu' V.81 Mk. V. 119 Vr. VI. 60 Hc. III. 17 (Vrtti) T. II. 2.23 Pu. V.78 Mk. V. 120 Vr.VI.69Hc. III. 128 Pu. v.82 T. II. 3.34 ____1) This tika is found in s only. 2) S. benI / 3) PS. catvAro catvAri / 4) 8. caU-15) nivRttam is nob found in ABCCISP. .

Page #107
Ho. III.189 T. II. 4.1 Vr. VII. 1 Pu. VI. 1-2 RT.I.7.1 Mk. VI.7 Vr. VII.1 RT.I. 7.2 Mk. VI. 7 Ho. III. 139 T. II. 4. 1 Vr. VI1.2 Pu. VI. 4. Ho. III. 140 7. II. 4. 2 caturthaH paricchedaH tiGanta-kAryam prathamAderekamidAdiyoH // 1 // dvayoH parasmaipadAtmanepadayoH prthm-purussaaderekvcnm| idAdibhavati // prathamapuruSasya / pacai sNki|| edvA // 2 // pce| sNke| si-sayau madhyamasya // 3 // pacasi pcse| saMkasi sNkse|| miDa uttamasya // 4 // pcaami| sNkaami|| bahu ntyaadiH|||| dvayoH prathamAdevahuvacanaM ntyAdi bhavati / / prathamapuruSasya // pacaMti / saMkaMti // hatthau madhyamasya // 6 // pacaha pctth| saMkaha saMkattha // uttamasya mo-mu-mAH // 7 // pacAmo pacAmu pcaam| saMkAmo saMkAmu sakAma // ttiikaa| miGA dI| vA (IV. 41) iti dIrghaH / / Vr. VII.3 Pu. VI.7 RT.I.7.3 Ho. III. 141 T. II. 4.3 Vr. VII. 4 Mk. VI. 8 H. III. 142 T. II. 4.4 Ho. III,143 RT. II. 4.5 Vr. VII. 4 Pu. VI. 5 RT.I.7.8 Mk. VI.8 Vr. VIL. 4 Pu. VI.8 RT.I.7.3 Mk.I.8 Ho. III. 144 T. II. 4. 6 1) S. rekam / 2) S. antyAdi / 3) puruSa is found in S. 4) Found in S.

Page #108
147 Mk. VI.16 T. II.4.24 -IV. 16] tiGanta-kAryam 46 ____vr. VII. 6-4 10. III. 146si-mhasteH siGa -miGa bhyAm // 8 // . II. 4. 8-9 siG-miGbhyAM saha asteH sthAne si mhi ityetau bhvtH|| jai si| gaomhi / / uttama-bahUnAM mhomhau / / 3 / / Agaamho Agaamha vaa|| accho'nyatra // 10 // acchai acchti| acchaha acchattha vaa|| Vr. VII. 26 Ho. III. 164 bhUta-vihitaikavacanenAsiH // 11 // Asi rAA taM vA hvaa|| ttokaa| AsIda rAjeti prAkRte sau ca veti dIrghaH // yaka Ia-ijjau ||12 / / yakaH sthAne Ia- ijja ityeto Adezau bhavataH // sahIai sahijjai vaa| gamAdyanto yakA dvirvA // 13 / / Vr. VI. 9 gammai / bhaNNai // gamIai gamijjai vaa|| sthAderAlla k // 14 // tthiiai| tthijji|| sthIyate // luDAdau hiG // 1 // Vr. VII, 13 Hc. III. 166 luTa-lUTa-lakSu pareSudhAtoruttare hiGa bhavati // hohii hohiMti hohittha // ssA-hA cottame // 16 // luDAdiSUttame puruSe pare ssA hA hiG ca bhavati // hossAmi hohAmi hohimi| Vr. VII. 8 H . III.160 Pu. VI.33T. II. 4.91 Mk. VI. 10 T. II. 4.25 ___Vr. VII. 13 mac, III. 167 Mk. VI. 24, T. II. 4. 26 26. 1) Found in S only. 2) P. tthiiji| 3) S omits this.

Page #109
Vr VII. 14 He. III. 169 T. II. 4. 33 Vr. VII.15Ac. III. 168 7. I.7.6. T. II. 4.27 Vr. VII.16 Ho.III 170.171 Pu. VI. 18-20 T.II. 4.28, 82 RT.I. 7.7-8 Mk. V-29 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [IV.17miGA saha saM hissaM vA // 17 // hossaM hohissaM vA / / mo-mu-meSu' hi-ssA hitthA vA // 18 // . hossAmo hohAmo hohimo / hohissAmohohitthAmo hohissA hohitthA / mo-mu-maivetyeke // krAdeH kAhamAdimiGA / / 16 / / - luDAdau pare miGA saha kRnAdeH sthAne kAhamAdirbhavati // kAhaM / dA daah| va vocchN| zru socchN| gamla gcchN| rud rocchN| mucala mocch| vid vicch|| vacchathAdirvacAderheluga vA // 20 // luDAdau pare vacAdeH sthAne vacchayAdirbhavati // tatra heluga vA bhavati // vacchihii vacchii vaa| vacchihiMti vacchiti vaa| socchii| gcchi|| rucchii| mocchii / vicchii // luga vA miGazca // 21 // vacchihimi vacchimi vacchi vA / / luGAderIaH // 22 // laGa -luGa-liTA sthAne Io bhavati // hsiia|| Rto DIaH kuna-varjam // 23 // mriia| kRastu kaahiia|| Op.Vr.VII.17 Pu. VI.18-19 RT. I. 7.7-8 He. III. 17 T. II.4.28 Vr. VII. 23. 1) g is not found in S. 2) Found only in S. 3) P includes this in the sutra No. 18. 4) SP. viz viccham / / 5) P. mojichaha /

Page #110
-IV. 31] tiGanta-kAryam ajantAd hI // 24 // ajantAddhAtoruttarasya laGAdeH sthAne hIa ityayamAdezo bhvti|| hohiia|| nAnekAcaH // 2 // Vr. VII. 22 dlidaaii|| u ssa [ saM'] liGa-loTorekatve // 26 / / prathamapuruSAderekatve liG-loToH sthAne yathAkramam u ssa [ saM1 ] ityete bhavanti // hsu| hasassa / hasassaM // ssasyAd vA // 27 // hs| vh| bhiMda // ntu-ha-mo bahuSu // 28 // Vr. VII. 19 bahuSu liGa-loToH sthAne yathAkrama ntu ha mo ityete bhavanti // hotu / hoh| homo|| jja.jjA vAjantAllaDAdau // 26 // laT-laGa -luGa -liT-liGa-loTa-luDAdau pare'jantAddhAtoruttare jja-jjA ityetau vA bhavataH // ltt| hoi hojai hojjAi vaa|| laGa luGa liT / hohIa hoIa hojjaIa hojAIa vaa| liGa lott| hou hojjau hojAu vA // luTa laT laGa / hohii hojjahii hojAhii vA // laGa -luGa -liGa bhirvA // 30 // hoi hohIa hoja hojjA vA // nAnekAcaH // 31 // I. dalidAi // 1) Emended by me. P reads sma /

Page #111
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [IV. 32Rd-uddhalabhyaH zaGa laDAdau // 32 // laT-loT-laGa -liGasu pareSu Rdantodanta-halantebhyo dhAtubhya uttare zaGa bhavati // mri| rvi| devai // kacit zaH // purai / phurai // dAderajet // 33 // laDAdau pare dAderajed bhavati / / deii| dhehi // idantasya NoNNaH // 24 // eNNai / kaarennnni|| ailuMDAdau // 3 // daihii // adeGa vA // 36 // laDAdau pare akAra eGa vA bhavati // hasai hasei vA / caai caei vA // hAviGa RddhalbhyAm // 30 // ho pare Rto halazcottare iGa bhavati // eGa vaa|| marihii marehii vaa| paDihii paDehii vaa|| seGa RdbhyAM tu-tavya -vAsu // 38 // vr. VII. 38 hasiuM haseuM vaa|| hasiavvaM haseavvaM vaa|| hasiUNa haseUNa vaa|| marisaM mareGa vA // Vr. VII.34 prAyeNeGa RtaHkne // 36 // dhrio| osrio|| kacinna syAt / ama ko| 1) In P this is given as a separate sUtra ( No. 33 ). 2) P. tu tavyam / P.-tuunn| 4) In P this is given as a separak sutra ( no. 41). 3)

Page #112
Vr. VII. 26-27 Vr. VIII. 24 Ho. IV. 1 T. III. 1.69 -IV. 44] . tiGanta-kAryam bahUttame // 40 // bahu-vacane uttame pare iGa bhavati vA // hasimo hasAmo vA // miDyAd dI? vA // 4 // hasAmi hasami vaa|| NiGazcA[vai] eGa vA // 42 // NiGaH sthAne Ave bhavati // eGa vaa|| kArAvei kArei vaa|| AvirvA ta.bhAvakarmasu // 43 // Vr. VII. 28 kArio kArAvio vaa| kArijai kArAvijjaivA [atha ghAtvAdezAH] jalpAderja pAdiH // 44 // jalpAderdhAtoH sthAne jaMpAdirbhavati // jNpi|| (1) dhUrNa dhoNa // (2) tvarA tuvara // (3) Nuda NoNNa // (4) duGa dumma // (5) pATi phAla" // (6) jabhi jaMbhAa jiNbhaaa|| (7) tRp thippa theppa // (8) ghaTa gaDha / / (6) sansu osa // (10) niSada Numaja // (11) AGa ram ADhava // (12) ut-zat utthala (13) pibati ghoTTa // (14) asa ghisa // (15) citra ciNa // (16) kSi jijma' // (17) kSip vija // (18) bhid bhiMda // (16) chid chida11 // (20) katha kaDDha // (21) vRdhu vuDDha12 // (22) han hamma13 // (23) vraja vacca // (24) nRti 4 Naca // (25) budha bujjha15 // (26) yudha jujjha // (27) pracch puccha // (28) zadlU saDa16 // (26) patla paDa // (30) paTha, paDha17 // 1) P. aare| ) P. ddaarir| 3) P. kaaraario| 4) P. kArArijjaha / 5) V reads jmpaadirjlpaadeH| 6) P. dukha dUmma / 7) P. phAla and kAla | 8) Not found in DV. 5) P. dhasa / 10) D. jijma ! P. mijma / 11) DV. chitha / / 12) DV. vaddha / / 13) P. hamma hahya // 14) DV. nRtii| 15) P. vujja 11 16) P. saDDha / 17) After this P has takSa ; vappa vaccha ; but D gives them after the sutra No. 46.

Page #113
54 - saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [IV. 45(31) sakSa vappa vcch| (32) tamu tamma / (33) khid visUra (34) krudha kujma // (35) kranda jUra // (36) trasa vajja // (37) bhuja viala // (38) carvaM cavya // (36) carca cacca // (40) zrat-pUrvadhA sahada // (41) ut pUrvamA uddh ma // (42) avapUrvagAha ovADa / (43) avapUrvakAs ovAsa // (44) nirmAGa nimmANa // (45)udvija uvveja' // (46) mRd mala: / / (47) pari-mRj parimaila / / Vr. VIII. 23 Rc. I. 7 RT. I.8.6 T. II. 4. 130 Mk. VJI. 18 jJo jANa-ANau ||4shaa jANai ANai vA // Hc. IV. 63, Vr. VIII. 19 238 Pu. VII.16 RT. I.8.7 T. II. 4.136, Mk. VII, 29-30 bhIyo bhA-bIhau // 46 // bhAi bIhai / / 11 Vr. VIII.18 Ho. IV. 74 RT. I.8.3 T. III. 1.12 Mk. VII.14 smaraterbhara sumarI // 47 // bharai11 sumarai vA // kRpaH khippH||48|| khippai // masajo vuDDa"khuppau // 46 // Vr. VIII.68 RT.I.8.23 Ho. IV. 101 Mk. VII.98 T. III. 1.45 vuDa13 khuppi|| 1) P. tamma tahma / 2) VP. jvara ; but not found in D. 3) P. ojo; D. bhujo| 4) P. cpp| 5) D. saddai / 6) After this D gives kRp khippa / 7) P. ovvaiva // 8) DV. maNa // 9) This and the subsequent sutras are included under the F4 class in DV, but the examples are not given by DV. 10) D. mr| 11) D. marai / 12) D. masjerva ka /

Page #114
-IV. 58 ] tiGanta-kAryam Vr. VIII.49Hc. IV.218, RT.I.8.12 Mk. VII. 69 T. II. 4. 61, 1239 69 Vr. VIII. 67 RI. I.8 23 Mk. VII. 66 Ho. IV.105 T.III. 1.48 Vr. VIII. 13 He. IV..66, Pu. VII. 5 284-86 RT.I.8.3-4 T. III, 1.20 ME.VII.112 II.4.66-67 Vr. VIII. 17 Ho. IV.214 RT.I.8.4 Mk. VII. 113-14 Vr. VIII.1 Hc. IV.80 Pu. VII.1 TIII.1.1 RT.I.8.1 Mk. VII.1,102 rudho rubha-rudhau // 50 // rubhai / rudhi|| mRjerlabha-supau // 5 // lubhai / supai // kRA kara-kuNau // 52 // karai kuNai vA // hIa-hi-tu-tavyaktAsu kA // 53 // kAhIa / kaahii| kaauN| kAavvaM / kAUNa // bhuvo ho-huvau // 54 // hoi| huvai / haH ke // 5 // hUaM // prAdehavaH // 56 // pahavai / / dviranto lagAdeH // 7 // lggi| tutttti| zakezcaa-tara-tIrAzca // 8 // skkaa| caai / tri| tIrai / / 1) D. rusta / 2) D. ludd-prsau| 3) P. kuNaI / . IV. 64 . III.1.1 T Vr. VIII.2 Pu. VII. 2 RT. I. 8.1 Mk. VII.3 Vr. VIII.B RT. I. 8. 1 Mk. VII.2 Hc. IV.60 . III. 1.1 T Vr. VIII. 52 Ro. IV. 230 RT.I.8.14.26T. II.4.63 Mk. VII. 84 Vr. VIII. 52 Hc. IV. 86 70 RT. I.8.25.14 T.III.1.37 Mk. VII. 66,84

Page #115
56 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ IV. 59 Vr. VIII. 63 RT. I. 8.16 Mk. VII.85 Hc. IV. 231 T. II. 4. 62 Vr. VIII. 64 Hc. IV. 232 RT I.8.16 T. II.4.61 Mk. VII. 86 Hc. IV.209 T. II.4.157 Vr. VIII. 15 Pu. VII.8 Ho.I.8.4 Mk. VII.96 sphuTa-calorvA // 6 // phuTai phuTTai vaa| calai callai vA // prAdermIlazca // 6 // pamolai pamillai vaa|| grahergeNhaH // 6 // gennhi|| ghe tu-tavya-nAsu // 62 // gheuN|| mlai vA vAazca // 63 // vAi vAai vA // dRzeNiaccha-pulaa-abajma-peccha -saccara -pekkhAH // 6 // Niacchai / pulaai ityaadi| Hc. IV.210 Vr. VIII.16 Pu. VII. 9 Mk. VIL.97 Vr. VIII.21 Mk. VII.31 He. IV.18 T.II.4.44 Vr.VIII.69Hc. IV.181 Pu. VII. 17 T. II. 4. 158 RI. I. 8.23 Mk. VII. I05 Vr. VIII. 40 Ho. IV.221 Pu. VII. 11 T. II. 4.56 Mk. VII, 71 veDhoveSTaH // 6 // veddhi|| Vr. VIII. 41 Hc. IV.222, Pu. VII. 11 223 RT.I.8.14T. II.4.57 Mk. VII. 72 vellaH samudbhyAm // 66 // sNvelli| uvvellai // ruSAdedIrgha zca // 6 // Vr. VIII.46 Hc. IV.236, Pu. VII. 21 239 RT. I. 8.12 T II. 4.68-69 Mk. VII.83 ruusi| duusi| tuusi| mUsai / 1) Not found in D. 2) P. hye 3) P. Niakka puNaa ; D. puNaSa 4) Not found in D. 5) P. sacchara, 6) In P these two sabras ( Nos. 66 and 67 ) are includsa in one sUtra ( P, No. 67) 7) zca is omitted by P.

Page #116
-IV. 74] - tiGanta-kAryam 57 Vr. VIII. 42Hc. IV. 238 RT.I.8.24.11T. II.4.71 Mk. VII.100,80 dhuvAdirdhAvAdeH // 6 // dhuvai dhubvai dhovai // rud| ruvai ruvvai rovai roai ruai / / Vr. VIII. 30 Pu. VII.14 RT.I.8.8 Mk. VII. 38 Hc. IV.62 T. II.122 123 krInaH kiNaH // 6 // kiNai / / ve ke rvA' dvizca kaH // 7 // vikkiNai vikke i vA // Vr. VIII. 31Hc. IV, 620. Pu. VII. 1 242 RT, I. 8.8 T. II.4.12 Mk. VII.39 123 Vr. VIII. 11 He. IV. 187. Pu. VII.19 236 RT.I.8.2 T. III.1.109 Mk. VII.76, II.4.67 53 RtorissaadeH||7|| varisai / / kRS mRS hRS3 jaS // anteraH // 72 // ante sthitasya RtaH sthAne ara Adezo bhavati // hri| dharai iti vaktavyam / / Vr. VIII. 12 Pu. VII. 20 lvAde! hrasvazca // 73 // Vr. VIII. 66 Hc, IV. 241 Pu. VII. 24 RT. I. 8.18 Mk. VII. 87,90, 93 luNai // zru hu ji dhuuny|| Vr. VIII. 67Hc. IV. 241 RT.I.8.19 T. II 4.72 Mk. VI. 96 yagvA vvazca // 74 // lunnijji| luvvai / / 1) PD. Wafi 2) Found only in DV. 3) Found only in P. 4) This sutra and its vstti are found only in DV. 5) This portion from dharai to vaktavyam is found only in D.

Page #117
saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [ IV. 75 Vr. VIII. 25 Ho. IV.16.24 Pu. VII. 22 T. II. 4. 70 RT. I.8. 9 127 Mk. VII. 60,102 ThAa AdiH SThAdeH // 7 // ThA ti| dhyai jhaaaNti| / gai gAaMti // ThAdivaikavacane // 76 // ThAi ThAai vA // khAdeH khA nityam // 77 // khaai|| tu-tavya-klAsvantalug bhujAdeH // 8 // P bhouM / rouM / bhotavvaM / bhoUNaH / ityaadi| Vr. VIII. 27 Ho. IV. 228 RT. I. 8. 10 T, II.4.53 Mk. VII.59 Ho. IV.212 . II. 4.45 Vr. VIII.55 Pu. VII.31T RT.I.8.16-17 Mk. VII. 102 hIrAdirhAdevakarmaNoH // 7 // Vr. VIII.57 Ho. IV. 250, 60245 RT.I. 8-20 T. II 4.81, Mk. VII. 173 76 bhAve karmaNi ca vAcye hRlAdeH sthAne hIrAdirbhavati // hIrIai hIrijA / / hRJ hIra / RSa jiir| kRJ kIra / vad vcch| duha, dujjha' | liha, lijma / vaha, vajjha' || vA sayakA ca // 8 // hIrIai hIrai vA // jJo vA Naja-Navvau sayakazca ||8shaa RT I. 8. 20_H0. IV. 252 Mk. VII. 180 jANIai aanniiai| gajjIai nnviiai| Najjai Navvai vA / / 1) P. asfaa 2) This is not found in D. 3) Not found in D. 4) Not found in P. 5) P. duccha / 6) P. libbha 7) P. vm| 8) D. sayakazca

Page #118
-IV. 83-11] - tiGanta-kAryam 56 Vr. VIII. 16 Hc. IV. 256 RI. I.8.2 T. I.2.11 Mk. VII. 178T. I. 4.36 Vr. VIII. 62 Hc. I. 46 Pu. VII.82 T. II. 4.84 RT. I. 8.21 Mk. VII. 182 Vr. IX.2 Vr. IX.3 Pu. VIII. 2 grahepeppo vA sayakazca // 2 // geNhijjai gheppijjai gheppai vA // dAderdiNNadiH kena // 3 // diNNaM / rud ruNNaM ityAdi / prAkRtaM gAthAdau saMskRtavaccheSaH // salilaM rahasi // [ atha nipAtAH ] 1. huM dAna-pRcchA-nirdhAraNeSu // vr. IX. 2 2. mia-vea avadhAraNe // 3. o pazcAttApa-sUcanAropaNa-vitarkeSu / / vr. IX. 4 4. ira-kira-kilA anizcitAkhyAne // vr. IX, F 5. [hu~ kkha] nizcaya-vitarka-sUcanAsu // r. IX. 6 6. ijerA pAdapUraNe // 7. NavaraH kevale // 8. turaM hAyeM // 8. Navari Anantaye // 10. u bhaya-vismayAkSepa-vitarka-sucanAsu // 11. kIsa-kINau prazne / Vr. IX. 9 Vr. IX.7 Pu. VIII. 6 Vr. IX. 8 Pu. VIII. 7 1) After this D has vaa| 2) P. saMskRta-vacana vishessH| 3) D. vahasi / / 1) P. nivAraNeSu / In P these are given under the vRtti of the sutra No833; but here these have been treated as separate sutras. . . 5) P. cche / 6) P. kuthu ; emended by me. 7) manaH 8) LP. gavari / /

Page #119
Vr.IX.12 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [IV. 83-1212. avvo dukha-sUcanA-saMbhASaNeSu // Vr. IX. 10 13. alAhi' nivAraNe // Vr. Ix. 11 14. ai vale saMbhAvane // 15. Navi vaipriitye|| Vr. IX. 13 16. veveM AmantraNe // 17. thu kutsAyAm // 18. re are hire saMbhASaNa-ratikalahAkSepeSu / / Vr. IX. 15 16. piva-miva-viva-vanvA ivArthe / ityAdi dezIsAro nipaatH|| iti tiGantakArya nivRttam / / Vr. IX.16 Pu. VIII. 8 1) P aNAhi / / 2) P. aha, havaye / 3) P hare

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paJcamaH paricchedaH apabhraMzArambhaH HO.IV.398 Pu.XVII 16 RT. III. 1.4 Mk.XVIII.3 n affert u Pu. XVII. 13 Ho. IV. 396 RT. III.1.2 Mk.XVII.2 ayuktAnAdivargAdyoH sthAne tri-caturthoM bhavataH // lokAnusArAdapabhraze // vakaH vg| sukhitaH sughida // ayuktAnAdIti kim| zakraH sakka / kArya kajam // adho ro luga vA // 2 // adhaH sthitasya rephasya lug vA bhavati // putta / putto vA // ayuktAnAdeH kacit kasya // 3 // Pu. XVII. 5 kajika kNji|| tasya vA // 4 // gado gao vaa|| vrAsAdipsAdeH // // vyAsAdeH sthAne brAsAdirbhavati // vAsu bhaNai / / bhASya bhraas| mUka vaDha' / saMgha sahuH / evam e| mukhe kuri| evaMvidha ejaah| kila kir| dhruva dhru / tataH to| kutaH kt| yatra jethu10 // tatra tethu / kutra kethu10| atra ethu10| yAvat jaam| tAvat tAma // Pu.XVII.14 RT.III. I.4 Mk.XVII.3 ___1) BO. ahU (:) P. vgH| 2) AP. sukhidaH / / 3) P. zakkaH | 4) Not found in A. 5) ACC1 putra ; P. puttuu| 6) ABOO.P. vaas| 7) L. vadha | 8) L. sahum / 9) B. dharuva dhru| 10) AB001 P. jethu, tethu, kethu and katyu, but L has jetthu etc.

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[V.6 saMkSitasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH ivasya' jjevva'-jaNyAdiH // 6 // Naru jevva jaNi vA // Pu. XVII. 26 nUnaM NaDa NaDA NAvai // 7 // Pu.XVII. 26 ehAdiretadastrisama // 8 // Pu. XVII. 60 eha NArI Naru dhaNu vaa|| eho ehe vaa|| eSA nArI eSa naraH etad dhanam / ete nAyau~, etau narau ete dhne| etA nAryaH ete narAH etAni dhanAni / ekavacanAdibhedena ete traya AdezAH // jedyAdiryAdRzAdeH stryAdau / / 6 // jehI NArI jehe Naru jehu dhaNu // tAdRk tehii| kIhak kehii| IdRk ehii|| idama imu napuMsake // 10 // imu dhnnu|| kathaM kemu-kimau // 11 // kemu khei| kima khei|| kathaM kathayati / / jima-timAdiryathA-tathAdeH // 12 // jima bamhaNa tima laddha10 // jima tim| jema tema / jidha tidh| jadhA tdhaa|| yathA brAhmaNastathA lbdhH|| Pu. XVII.57-58 1) B. ivvasya, 2) B. jevv| 3) B. Nuru 4) B. jevv| P. jevva / 5) jANu 6) Not found in B and L. ?) L. nnaadhi| 8) P. nArI, 9) Fcund in A only 10) A and C1 P. Naddha / -

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-V. 17] apabhrazArambhaH kimaH kiMpAdiH // 13 // Pu. XVII. 25 kiMpa bhaNai / kiva' kahei / kima kahei / kima kaha / kahi kuppatiH // kiM bhaNati / kiM kupyati // gAhulyAdirgAthAderalpAdau // 14|| gAhulI vihtii'| khede hiaDA phuTTa daiu tubbha // gAthA bRhtii| he hRdaya, sphuTa devaM tava // . Rda -lutorayuktA nAghoradhaHsthayorad vA // 1 // sukRtaM sukR sukaaM vA / kRpta klattaM kattaM vA // dIrghAdiH sambuddhau // 16 // sambuddhau yathAsaMbhavaM dIrghAdirbhavati || DhollA hiaDA / he priya hRdaya // kacid hrasvaH [ liGgasya10 // putti / kvacidetvam11 ||hle bhgge| he bhAgya // jaso ho // 17 // sambuddhau jasaH sthAne ho bhavati // aggiho / mahilAho // he agnyH| he mhilaaH|| 1) L. kir| Not found in B. 2) L. kAhaha | Not found in B. 3) Not found in BL 4) Nos found in L. 5) L. kupAdi / 6) L. gAhuNyAdiryathAderalpAdau / For the discussion of this sutra, vide s 26. 1) P vahvati 8) In P khede is given as a separate sitra (No. 15). 9) L. sukatam sukutam / 10) ABCC, PL. kvacid hasvaH / liGgasya putti || In P it is given as a separate satra No18. 11) In P it is given as a separate sutra No 19.

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Pu.XVII. 41 Pu. XVII. 47 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [V. 18luk prathamA-dvitIyayoH // 18 // prathamA-dvitIyayoluMga bhvti| para gacchai mahilA pucchai // naro gacchati / mahilA pRcchati / / atA svamorudvA // 19 // atA saha svamorudvA bhavati / Naru vhi| dhaNu pecchi|| naro vahati / dhana pazyati // pusyoca // 20 // gado mehii|| eMTA // 21 // atA saha TA e bhavati // daieNa daie vaa|| anusvArazcaNaH // 22 // iNa uttarapTA e bhvti| anusvArazca // vaie vai vA / mahue mahuvA / vAriNA madhunA / vArivAcako vai zabdaH / / pusi NA vA // 23 // aggie' aggi aggiNA vA // hiM saptamyAH / / 24 / / saptamyAH sthAne hiM bhavati // aggihiM mahuhiM // agnau madhuni // ridetau cAtA // 2 // gharahiM ghari ghare vaa| surahiM suri sure vaa|| Pu. XVII. 47 4) Not 1) B. pucchti| 2) Not found in B. 3) B. muhuttam, muhanam muTu vaa| 5) B. aggim / 6) B. diritau, C1 nneridetau| ) B. cetau /

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- V. 32 ] apabhraM zArambhaH bhyaso'to hu // 26 // ata' uttarasya bhyasaH sthAne hu" bhavati // rukkhahu paDido // vRkSAt patitaH // Gamerhe" -adU // 27 // ata uttarasya GaseH sthAne' he - adU ityetau bhavataH // rukhahe rukkhAdu // vRkSAt // ho - su-ssA GasaH // 28 // ata uttarasya GasaH sthAne ho-su-ssA bhavanti // ruSavaho rukhasu rukkhassa || vRkSasya || Amo haM // 26 // ata uttarasya Amo hauM bhavati || rukkhahaM // vRkSANAm // 65 yaso haM // 31 // taruha dei // tarubhyo dadAti || haiM cedudbhyAm ||30|| idudbhyAmuttarasyAmo heM bhavati ha ca // as as vA / taruhe taruha vA // vArivAcako vai - zabdaH * / vArINAm / tarUNAm || 4 Pu. XVII. 45 ho - haM Gasi - GasoH ||32|| idudbhyAmuttarayoGasi-GasoH sthAne ho-ha' ityetau bhavataH // aggiho aggiha // agna eH // 1 ) B. ata: / 2) B, Gase haiM only. 3) LV, ruccha / P. ruccha / 4) Not found in P. 5) BVL. dehi . 5.

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Pu.XVII. 42 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [V. 33heH striyAm // 33 // striyAM Gasi-DasoH sthAne herbhavati // khaTTAhe' || khaTTAyAH // puMsa klobayo ridujhyAm // 34 // aggihe mahuhe' || 'agnaH / madhunaH || jasa-zasoradoto // 35 // Pu. XVII. 42 striyAM jas-zasoH sthAne udoto bhavataH || khaTTAu acchti| mAlAo pecchaha / kumArIu acchati | khaTTAH santi / mAlAH pazya / kumAryaH santi / TA e // 36 // Pu. XVII. 49 striyAM TA e bhavati // khaTTAe || kumArIe || khttttyaa| kumAryA || - tuhaM-hamu AdiyuSmadasmadoH supA // 37 // supA saha yuSmadasmadoH sthAne tuha hameM ityAdirbhavati // tuha pucch| hamuM pucchAmi // tvaM pRcch| ahaM pRcchAmi || tumhe amhe jasA ||38 / / Pu. XVII. 46 tumhe pucchaha / amhe pucchAma || yUyaM pRcchth| vayaM pRcchAmaH || zasA tumhahaM amhahaM // 36 // tumhaha pucchaami| amhaha pucchaha // yuSmAn pRcchaami| asmAn pRcchatha // am-De-TA-bhistaI aI // 40 // tiipucchaami| aipuccha // tvAM pRcchaami| mAM pRccha // Pu.XVII.64 1) B. heH| 2) B. puMskorayo etc, i3) B. saahuuhe| 4) C1. mAlAu / ' 5) C1. pecchi| 6) BP. tuhma ahma /

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apabhraMzArambhaH 1 1 tumhe hiM' amhehiM' bhisA || 41 || tumhahiM / diNNaM // yuSmAbhirdantam // [ -V. 48 ] 7 tuha- tuhu' - majma- mahu Gasi - GasabhyAm ||42 || Pu. XVII. 67 tuha jAdo || tvajAtaH || yuSmadaH tujjha tumbhazca ||43|| tumhAmho 'bhyAmbhyAm ||44|| 'tumha jAdo // yuSmajAtaH // 2 supA tumhA tumhAsu Thia // yuSmAsu sthitam // amhAsu * || 45 || Pu. XVII. 65 du yat- doramA || 46 // Pu. XVII. 55 amA saha yat-tadoH sthAne bru dr ityetau bhavataH // citesi dra pAvasi // yaccintayasi tat prApnoSi || tA-svayordA tUNapaNAH // 48 // tA- tvayoH sthAne dA- tUNappaNA bhavanti // maNusapaNa || manuSyatA manuSyatvaM vA // 5 saptamyA drutadru !! 47| 6 6 saptamyA saha yat-tadoH sthAne jadru " tadru ityetau bhavataH // jadu vasadi || yatra vasati // Pu. XVII. 56 RT III. 1. 20 67 Pu. XVII. 39 1) BCC 1 P. tujhe hi a hi 2 ) B. tuhazca / 3 ) AB tahmAmdo 4 ) BC P. tuhmAsu ahmAsu 5) Not found in B. 6) BP. yaha taha | 7 ) ACC1 P. tuNa | maNusadA / maNusatUNa /

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diri tavya ibvaG' || 46 || tavya ivvaG bhavati // karivvaM // kartavyam || saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH kla evyAdiH || 50 || pa Pu. XVII. 32 taH : sthAne' evyAdirbhavati || ramevi / ramepi / ramepiNu || raMtvA ramayitvA vA // yacazceaH || 51 // bhavia / paribhavia / Ahalia paDipaDia NauTThAdi * || paribhAvya / AhUya pratipatya nottiSThati // Rto'ci guNaH || 53 || mareppa || mRtvA martum vA // Pu. XVII. 38 tumo'NamAdizca || 52 // tumaH sthAne'NamAdirbhavati / evyAdizca // lahevi / laheppi | laheppiNu / 5 lahaNaM lahatuM lahevvatuM // labdhum // uto'nvAderuvaH / / 54 // battuM // lvAdestu luNeppi || vaktum / labdhA labdhuM vA // Pu. XVII. 34 epyepiNvorellug bruJaH ||55|| a uttarayoH eppi - eppiNorellug bhavati || ukta vaktum vA // [V.49 bhUtvA / 1) ABCC 1 ibvau 2 ) Not found in B. 3) B, mava / 4) C1 NauThAdi 5) C1 lahevvahum / 6 ) B. vramaH / bopi boppiNu //

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V. 62] 3 TThAdi: sthAdeH ||57 // gamorvA // 56 // kR-gamoreppi - eppiNvo ' rellug vA bhavati || kareppi kRppi vA / gameppi ppi vA // apabhraM zArambhaH Mk. XVIII. 10 Tuppi || tiSThati // 8 sthAdeH sthAne TThAdirbhavati // TThAdi [ avedi ] / mRG mare [ maredi ] | [ passedi ] | vraj vaja [ vajedi ] / bruJ' bro [ brodi ] // dhRG dhare " [ dharedi ] / ho bhuvo'nupasarge tiGi || 58 || hodi // upasarge tu aNuhavadi // bhavati / anubhavati || Pu. XVII. 35 9 "tu klozva grahergehaH ||56 // gehepi / geheSpiNu / gehedi // grahItum / gRhItvA / 12. " stadhvamoH // 62 // yag ijo vA / 60|| yaka ijo vA bhavati // sumarijadi sumarijadi vA // smaryate // Mk. XVIII. 8 1 loTastadhvamoH sthAne U bhavati // deU saMkaU // svana " hisvAvidAdiH // 61 // hisvau idAdirbhavati // kari kare kuru 11 karahi // kuru kuruSva // se 4 ava dazU passa gRhNAti // 1 ) L. eppiNNu / 2) After this C1 has bhavati vA / 3) PL. ThThAdiH / 4) B. smara ara ! 5) B. maro, L. maar| 6 ) L. dhAra / 7 ) Not found in B. 8) B. 9) ABCC 1 P tuGa | 10 ) B. dA 13) AC1. ura mavati / / 11 ) L. karu / 12 ) AC 1. ustadhvamoH /

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saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [V.63. huDAma-DAmahai // 3 // loTo GAma-DAmahai huM bhavati // dehuN| sNkhuN|| vayaM dadAmaH / vayaM zaGkAmahe // kutrA' kAsA ca syaGA luTi masmahe ||64 / / luTi mas mahe ca hubhavati || syaGA saha kRtaH kAsA ca // kAsAhu // vayaM kariSyAmaH kariSyAmahe // syaGa stiH // 65 // luTaH syaGaH ssirbhavati || sumarissadi* // smariSyati // [atha vAcaTAdiH] "yugrAdiLacaTAdau // 66 // brAcaTAdirapabhraMzabhedaH // tatra vAcaTAdau dohAdau yukta-repha-samuccAraNam // sarpi || sappi' // trudra prabhRti prayoktavyam (V. 46) // ttA eppieppiNu (V. 55 ) // [atha nAgara-upanAgarau] zeSo nAgare vA skAdau // 67 / sa prAkRtamizra upanAgare gAthAdau mahArASTrayAM cadeg !! [atha zaurasenI' 0 ] Vr. XII. 3. He. IV, 260 ka-da-dha-bhayAH prakRtyA vA ' 68|| moai moadi11 modade vaa| madhukari surabhi malaye // - 1) BC, loTa / 2) P. kRtra , B. kRGa 3) A littH| 4) P. sumarissidi / 5) L. agraadiH| - 6) Not found in CC1 P. 7) ACCI PL. sapireva / srpiH| L. sappi (:). 8) B. pratyavaktavyam / 9) ca is found only in B. 10) Kramadisvara has not explicitly mentioned the name of Ritaal But Lassen has given these sutras as forming the characteristics of storat (Vide Lassen's Institutiones Linguae Pracriticae, pp. 50-51, Appendix). 11) Not found in P. 267 Pu. 1X.9 RT. 1I. 1.5

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-V.761 Hc. IV.271 Vr. XII.9 Pu. IX.39 Vr.XII. 10 Hc. IV. 272 Pu. IX.39 RT. II. I.26 Vr. XII. 10. He. IV.272 RT. II. 1. 26 apabhUzArambhaH jettikAdivitAdeH // 66 // jettiphA tettikA || yaavt| tAvat // taH i / / 70 // jANi || kulaM ko dumaH // 7 // kadua // kRtvA // gamo maluka ca // 72 // gadua || gatvA // zco vA brAhmaNyAbhijJa-kanyAdiNyAdeH // 73 // Vr. XII. ? bamhaNNaM bamhaM c| ahijo ahiNco| phaNNA phaMcA // to laH pratejJaH / / 74 / / paliMcA || pratijJA // klove NirvA jas-zasoH / / 75 / . Vr. XII. 11 kuMDAI kuMDANi vA || kuNDAni || serdo param / / 6 / / purisaado| mhilaado| aggIdo // purussaat| mhilaayaaH| agneH // Vr.XII. 11 1) PL. yettika etc. 2) P. jaani| 3) P-doH| 4) ABCCI L. aggiiho|

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72 sarvatra parasmai || 77 || saMkadi // 1 bhraSTho ciTThI // 78 // saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH 2 bhodi / ciTThadi // bhavati / tiSThati / asterasthi' stiGA || 76|| atthi puriso || asti puruSaH // syo hai-sa-ssA ||80|| idIta yati ca // 81 // paDhiadi paDhIhadi paDhisadi paThiSyati / kariSyati // Fast miThA saM nityamIG ca // 82 // | karIsaM // mAgadhyAM Sa-soH zaH || 83|| [ atha mAgadhI ] 5 6 loze / zAhU // . roSaH / sAdhuH // ro laH || 84|| A ya-pa[ra] ' - cavargaguktA manAguccAryAH ||8|| paDhissadi / kariadi karIadi // Vr. XII. 12. Hc. IV. 269 16. Pu. IX. 78 RT. II. I. 26 Mk. IX. 108. 137 Vr. XII. 19 [ V. 77 Vr. XI. 3 Pu. XII. 2-3 RT. 11. 2. 13. Mk. XII. 2 Hc. IV. 288 PuXII. 4 Hc. IV. 288 RT. II. 2. 14 Mk. XII. 3 Vr. XI. 5 Pu. XII. 13-14 Mk. XII. 21 1) P. ThiThThau / 2 ) P. ThiThThadi / 3 ) P. aseratthi / 4) ABCC and P. loza / 5) BC 1 P. zAhu / 6 ) This is found in C 7 ) ACC1 yaTa etc. BP. SaTa etc. L. yapa etc. This has been emended by me ; vide Introduction p. 26.

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-V. 95] apabhUzArambhaH 73 hRdayasya [haDako'] // 86 // [yo] yukta-yajayoH // 87 / VI. XI. 6 RT.XII.2.22 Mk.XII. 14 Vr.XI. 4. Hc. IV. 292 Pu.XIII.5 RT. II.2. I4 VI. XI. 16 Pu.XII. 15-16 RT. II. 2.20 Mk.XII. 23 ko dANiH // 8 // VI. XI. 15. Pu. XII. 37-33 Mk.XII. 34-35 VI. XI. 13 Pu.XII. 29-30 Mk. II. 27-28 Vr.XI. 12 Hc. IV. 299 Pu.XII. 27-28 3 00 Mk.XII. 29 Vr.XI.14 Hc. IV.298 Pu.XII.33 kasya NiA // 8 // dIrghaH saMbuddhau / 60 // uso hu-tvam ad-dIrghazca vA / / 6 ciTThaH syAH // 62 // paizAcike ca / / 6 / / hake hage cAhamarthe // 14 // zuTu,' zappado mahAlAyo zAhu-[ haDakko.] kayyaM [ vayya10 ]-yidANi bamhaNAhu vaaNeNa citttthdi| re devA! hake NuliA11 | suSTha SaTpadaH / mahArAjaH sAdhuhRdayaH phAyeM varjayitvA brAhmaNasya vacanena tisstthti| re deva ! ahaM nataH13 // [atha ardhamAgadhI] mahArASTrI-mizrArdhamAgadhI || 65 || / Vr.XI.9 Hc. IV. 301 Pu. XII.31 RT. II. 2. 12& 28 Mk.XII. 30 __1) ABCCL and P have hRdakko / L. haladakko / This has been emended by me. 2) ABCCI L. ye jaayuktjyyoH| L suggests it in the footnote as yonAdya yukta etc. P. sjo etc. 3) P. dAliH 4) P. niaa| 5) L. jasA hutvam etc. 6) L. chiTTa (paizAcike ). 7) P. shuddh| 8) MSS. and P. dRdkko| 9) P. kasja / 10) P. vasji MSS. 'not clear. 11) P. nnunniaa| 12) Found only in C

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74 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [V. 96[atha zabarI] zabare soretvam // 66 // eze meze ityAdi kathaMcibhedA mhaaraassttryaadeH| zaphAbhIra-drAviDo - DrAvantyA-canti-zrAvanti -prAcya-zaurasenI- bAhnikI-dAkSiNAtyAdi-bhASAbhedAzca nATaphAdau pAtrabhede ca // dezoktiyathAdarzanamugneyA // ____ttokaa| iyaM bhASA mahArASTrI-mizrArdhamAgadhI jnyaatvyaa| zabarI mhaaraassttriiynoc-jaatibhedH| tatra teSAM gAthAdau soH sthAne etvaM bhavati / eze meze eSa meSa ityartha ityAdi | ___ [ dezoktiH] 1. sotprAsollApana -vismayeSu vaSpe / / 2. puttare yonau / 3. gaurave mArive // 4. vahiNi-bhAvuko vayasyArthe / 5. sumitto saMbandhe / 6. ' krodhopazamana-protsAha-prasAdaneSu mitta / 7. uNAi-sAha-DhollAH priyArthe / / 8. amho-amhi-amhA mAtrArthe / hai. bahiNi-saMdhi-bhagga-vutta-vajjaghaTTitA saMdhitA-raNDA : manda bhAgyAsu // 1) From "zavare soretvaM to bhedAH" are not found in B | 2) P. draviDodrAva3) Found in A. 4) After this B adds protsaah| 5) B. mAriSe 6) prasAdaneSu mitta is not found in B. '7) P. asmI asmi asmA mAtrArthe / /

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V. 96.24 ] apabhUzArambhaH 10. gamera-gamAra-NaDajANa-avaTa-vella avidagdhe / / 11. bhaDila-bhaNDA-viaccha'-hoho-aho eata-dade saMbodhane / / 12. suhale suhe striyAH / / 13, re parihAse sodhikSepe ca / / 14. are vismaye ca / / 15. maruu-hamAri-ahaha sakaTAkSa-vismaye / / . 16. callI-matsI-gamasama-bhanla-lla-bahevahe -vahavaha - kalakala vahai madana-vedanAyAm / / 17. suhiDa vivAviDa aNiai AviDa gauravAtizaye / / 18. kocchI jIvikAyAm / / 16. o nirdeshe|| 20. je ji ivArthe / 21. hejjattaM* evamarthe / 22, mie svArthe / / 23. DhahoNa-hatvatthaviDa-vAria-mAruA-sohA-dhuMgA-oraMga-kanla kanlI hystn-shvstnyoH|| 24. hoi-vaTTai paryAptau / / 1) B. vicchi| 2) B. matso / 3) CC, vhuvhu| 4) P. hejjAtam / / 5) P. ddhddhdi|

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[V.96.25 . 76 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH 25. samasIsa sarisau tulyatAyAm / / 26. ciMtA-likhaTTau vyasanopahate / / 27. khojja mArgacihna / 28. gajaImara parihAse vasante ca / / 26. aleha bheMDa kRpaalepn-mekhlaasu|| 30. keUraputto go-mhissii-shaavke| 31. uDDa' atyucce| 32. vissaha-viTANo gRha-saMparkayoH / / 33. niMdua dosse|| 34. Uda nindAyAm / / 35. adda-aggo parihAse varNane ca / / 36. pINu gocare / / 37. saDaka mujArthe / / 38. dahaka zobhane / 36. bahiNi vahittha-mahilA bhaginyAm / / 40. pAta vedhane / 41. maluk kadAcidarthe / / . 42. chaMdima vailakSye / / 43. liMpa icchAyAm / / 1) P. ssdddd| 2) P. uuii| 3) CC1 SaDakka

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-V.99] apabha zaurambhaH / / 44. thAma sthAne // 45. pahilaH prathame / / 46. majma upari / / 47. yadi tatrArthe // 48. cikilla picchile // 46. pravenla prastutArthe / / 50. kaDamaDa udvege // ityAdi dezIsAraH // ei pAdapUraNe // 17 // mai ei dujaNa-vaaNa-gao | mayA api durjana-vacana-gataH // __ eDa anusvArayuktAntA laghavazca / / 8 / / kaMThe laggaH pia ssaN|| ttiikaa| asyaarthH| kaNThe lagnaH priyaH svayam / kaMThe ityatra ekaarH| laggA ityatra akaarH| pia ityatra akaarH| ssaaM ityatra anusvArazca / ete guravo ladhavo jnyeyaaH| tena pajjhaTikAchandaso laghutvam upapadyate iti tAtparyArthaH // hasva-dIrghatva-svazabdopAdhiryatheSTam / / 3 / / DhollA miliA sA uNa sa ai|| hRsvtvm| miliA ja sa tii|| lopo dIrghatvaM ca // ttiikaa| asyaarthH| priyA militA saa| arthAt tvAmiti shessH| punaH kadAcid arthe punaH sA mayA militaa| militA yA sA tvayA // 1) Not found in B. 2) P. cikinda picchle| 3) P. ghai / 4) P. maha / 5) anta is not found in B. 6) ABC1 P. laggu ; but commentary gives lgg|

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78 . saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH [V. 100 . [atha paizAcikI] vargAdyau tri-caturtha yoH // 10 // r. X.3 He IV. 325 varga-tri-caturthe yoH sthAne vargAdyau bhavataH // lokAnusArAt paizAcike | gaganaM kakalaM! (V. 103.) / dharmaH khmmo| jAtaM cAtaM / jhaGkAraH chkaalo| DimbaH TiMpo / gaNDaH phNtto| durgA tukkaa| sAdhuH sAthu / bisaM pisaM / ghRtaM ghRtN| bhUtaM phUtaM // prAkRtasiddha-tricaturtha yozca ||101 / / He. IV. 327 - yajanaM jajala (V. 103) cacalaM (V. 103) // kvacinnAdau // sarga: zaggo || lugayaH param // 102 / / yakArasya paraM kevalaM lum bhavati // jayaH cao // nAmyasya // kAkA kAko NanolaH // 103 // NanoH sthAne lo bhavati // bhaNati phalati / dhvanati thulti| bhaNitaM phlitN| dhvanitaM thvalitaM || prAkRtaNazca / / 104 // vaNaM palaM11 || 1) MSS. and P. kakaNaM; vide V. 103 for l| 2) B. dhrmH| 3) L. kiGkAraH cingkaalo| 4) B. tippii| 5) Not found in L. 6) B. siddhi 7) In P it has been given as a separate sutra ( No. 104 ). 8) L. Fari: 1 9) In P and L it has been given as a separate sUtra ( no. 106); but it may be regarded as a vRtti| 10) This vRtti is not found in ABCC, P. It is found only in L. 11) B. phalaM ABCC, paNa /

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- V. 111 ]. apabhraMzArambhaH rAIrlAdiH || 105|| 1 rAdeH sthAne lAdirbhavati // caraNaM calalaM ' // no vA || 106 | nai nai / varNa vaJJa / || 107 // ve harireva haliyeva / haririva haliyiva || hRdayasya hitaa || 108 || dRDha- hRdayakaH / taTha-hitako || - bhuvaH pho- phurau // 111 // bhUdhAtoH sthAne pho- phurau bhavataH // tupha - tupphau yuSmado vA bahutve / / 106 / / bahutve yuSmadaH sthAne tuMpha-tupphau vA bhavataH // yUyaM bhaNatha tuMpha phalaha / tupha vA / tumhe vA // adomphaH ||110 / / bahutve'smadaH sthAne'pho vA bhavati // vayaM bhaNAmaH apha amhe vA // 76 Vr. X. 14 Hc. IV. 310 photi phurati // bhavati || as, kaSTam kasTaM / uSTra usaro / prazna pasaNo / snAnam sinANaM 1) PL. calaNaM / After this in all the MSS and PL some words, such uSNa usaNo ( ABCC 1 P ), but (L) kRSNa kasaNo / kArya kAriaM are given. As all these sutras purview of this rule, they are not included. the characteristics of / do not come under the in the body of the text. These seem to be mahArASTra / phalAmo

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80 saMkSiptasAre prAkRtAdhyAyaH prAkRtavaccheSam ||112 // tissA sisso ehi / eAro // tasyAH sImA etvAdi / vyavahAraH || lakSaNa - nibaddhA yAvat-saMbhavAH ||113|| jaDAso taDAso cArihattho, ghara' [ta] 'i agge kheDubutto / [I] hohI gharaNi vidohI, so kisa volla aNAhi NAhitti || 4 tA vahAmi / iti ssa hasimo ehi / iti sma hasAma eSu / tAvad vahAmi / yAddvazastAdgazazcaturhastaH gRha N tasyAmre tRNastambaH / dhUtA 'gAM dugdhvA gRhiNI vyAkulA, sA kA vArtA idAnIM nAstItyarthaH // * [V. 112-113 * vidyAtapo'tha vAdIndraH pUrvagrAmI dvijaH kaviH cakrapANisuto jyAyAn naptAsau zrIpateH kRtI || iti vAdIndra - cakracUDAmaNi - mahApaNDita - zrIkramadIzvarakRtau saMkSiptasAre mahArAjAdhirAja - zrIju maranandi - parizodhitAyAM rasavatyAM vRttAvaSTamaH pAdaH samAptaH / sandhipAdAdinA prAkRtAstena dvitIyo'dhyAyaH // // sapUrNaH // 1 1) P. zeSa : 2) P. gharai, AC gharANa | 3 ) Emended by me. 4) C1 balla |

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