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44
of Kramadisvara.
While giving examples of those Prakrit languages, the commentator has quoted some lines from some verses which are not, however, traceable.
III Analytical contents of the Apabhramsa chapter of his Prakrit grammar
(i) Apabhramsa
§ 68. Kramadiśvara has given the following characteristics of Apabbramsa.
I. Non-initial voiceless single consonants become voiced (V. 1): e.g. vaka>vaga; sukhita>sughida.
II.
(V. 15) and conjuncts with rare optionally retained (V. 2, 5); sukrta>sukra, sukaa ; puttra>putta, vyāsa brasa, bhāṣya> bhrāsa.
III The following pronominal substitutes are found :-etat>sha (in all genders) (V. 8); idam>imu (in neuter) (V. 10); yādṛk>jehī, jehe, jehu (V. 9); tādṛk>tehi; kīdṛk>kehi; îdrk>shi ; kim>kiṁpa (V.13).
IV. Adverbial substitutes: katham>kemu (V.11); yathā>jima, jema, jidha, jadha: tatha>tima (V. 12), tema, tidha, tadha; yatra> jethu (V. 5. comm.); tatra>tetthu; kutra>ketthu ; atra>etthu ; yavat jama; tavattama; tataḥ>to.
V. jjevva and jani are substituted for iva (V. 6).
VI. nada, naḍā and nāvai are substituted for nunam (V. 7). VII. The following case-terminations of -a, -i and -u bases of the masculine, feminine and neuter nouns are given,
Singular.
Masculine.
Original Apabhramasa
endings.
endings.
KRAMADISVARA
su.
am.
Jain Education International
elision (18) :
น (19)
:
• (20)
:
elision (18): u (10)
:
nara gacchai
naru
godo meho.
dhaņu.
Feminine.
mahila pucchai
mahila pucchai.
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Neuter.
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