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(citthissāmo), we shall sit (down) (ạisiissāmo), we shall stretch (tuyatthissāmo), the forms of language (pannavaņi bhāsā) [i.e. one of the twelve kinds of expressions] (bhāsā) such as, [1] addressing (āmaṁtanī) [2] advice (pannavaṇī)[93] prayer (jāyaṇī) as well as, [4] questioning (pucchani) (7) consenting (icchānulomā), (8) irrelevant (anabhiggahiyā), (9) relevant (abhigahammi boddhavvā), [10] doubtful (saṁsaya karaṇī), (11) explicit (vovadā) or (12) indefinite (avvoyadā) --- do these forms conform to the type of understanding (i.e. pannavaṇī advice) or are they never false (ņa esā bhāsā mosā)? Mahāvīra's reply was --
ņa esā bhāsā mosā
“They are not false.' In fact, these questions of Goyama to Mahāvīra is related to sentences of a language. In a language, the utterances of human beings can be expressed in manifold ways of which some twelve forms are mentioned by Goyama. Our unit of speech is the sentence and the sentence is the expression of our thoughts and ideas in the form of judgment which either affirms or negates our statement. Whatever things come to the mind of a speaker, he tries to convey his opinion to the hearer. It is said earlier that in communicating one's idea in a sentence, the idea must possess compatibility, expectancy and juxtaposition, and this will lead a sentence to logical judgment.
When we analyse the uttereance of human beings, we see that the sentences may be of various forms. They would be -
(i) Assertory (āmastanī), (ii) Interrogative (pucchaṇī), (iii) Petitionery (icchā ņulomā), (iv) Exclamatory (combination of i and iii). Apart from these, the sentences may be affirmative or negative, hypothetical or universal, personal or impersonal. Besides, the sentences may be incomplete in the form of Aposiopesis, Anakoluthon, Ellipsis and Interrogation. These are the patterns by which our expressions or uterances are made.
Besides these sententious patterns of expressing our thoughts; and ideas, our sentences, irrespective of any form, may be pedantic, -ironical, autobiographical, apostropic, eulogical, logical;-melodious, elliptical, and
Torit uşi -HFW, 2008
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