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'Transformation is the process which converts deep structures into intermediate or surface structures' (p 23). For example,
i) a declarative sentence into an interrogative,
ii) an active sentence into a passive For example - the active sentence
a) Daisy puzzled Winterbourne is transformed into a passive as
b) Winterbourne was puzzled by Daisy.
Any language makes use of their elementary transformational processes: adjunction, substitution, and deletion.
For example, the English sentence- I have decided it on the train can mean many aspects. It may mean that i) something I have decided when I was travelling on the train:
or it may mean ii) out of many conveyances. I have decided that I shall go by
train: or it may mean iii) my ideas come to my mind when I normally travel by train.
and so on. In this connection it should be noted that the Jains are not lacking in unfurling the deep and surface structures of a sentence. In the Bhagavati-sūtra (Book ten, chapter III), in course of conversation with Mahāvīra, Goyama (Gautama) asks Mahāvīra some questions on language. The text in question runs as follows:
aha bhante! āsaissāmo saissāmo citthissāmo ņisiissāmo tuyatthissāmo āmamtanī jāyaṇī taha pucchani ya pannavanī paccakkhāni bāsā bhāsā icchānulomā ya anabhiggahiyā bhāsā bhāsā ya abhiggahammi boddhavvā saṁsayakaraṇī voyadamavvoyadā ceva pannavaņī ņam esā bhāsā ņa esā bhāsā mosā.
'Oh venerable one (bhante)! [when one says] we shall reside (āsaissāmo), we shall lie (down) (saissāmo), we shall stand (up)
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