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who speak asya: innumerable times more are those who speak asatyant mrşā: innumerable times more than the second are those who speak asatya; innumerable times more than the third are those speaking asatyaamrșă: but infinite times more are those who speak not. Included in the last category are inadequate (undeveloped) organisms, the liberated souls, the rock steadfast (would-be-liberated) beings, and all one organ being. 10
In conclusion we can say that the application of anekānta in language is manifold. It is primarily found in the levels of meaning and in the context of syntax, apart from other grammatical niceties. From the discussion above it is seen that a word or a sentence may possess multi-levels of meaning. The verbal expression may be manifold. indeterminate and relative as the reality is also manifold indeterminate and relative. As far as meaning is concerned it is in exhaustive as reality itself. The meaning that we fix of a particular word or a sentence depends upon the context and the intention of the speaker -and it is all meant for our practical purposes. Syntactically that a senţtence may be construed into active or passive or otherwise -- is all due to multi-structural pattern of a sentence. The manifold grammatical categories are infinite as the expressions of human beings are. Directly or indirectly. the principle of anekānta is inherent in the manifold aspects of language. Books consulted
Anekānta-jaya-putākā of Haribhadra Sūri - edited by H.R. Kapadia with his own commentary and Municandra Suri's supercommentary, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1947.
Apta-mimarsā of Samantabhadra - edited by Uday Chand Jain with a commentary Tattva-dipikāmrita with Introduction and translation in Hindi, Shri Ganesh Varni Digambara Jain Sansthan, Nariya, Varanasi, 1975.
Chakravarti, A.- Pancāstikāya-sūra, edited by A. Chakravarti with Prakrit text, Sanskrit Chāyā, English commentary etc. along with the commentary of Amrtacandra and various readings, Bhāratīya Jñānapiha Publication, New Delhi, 1975.
Dhruva, A.D. -Syädvāda-manjari of Mallisena with the Anyayogavyavacchedikū-dvātrimśikā of Hemcandra edited with Introducttion, notes and appendices, Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit Studies No.LXXXIII, 1933. (I have used the Introduction freely).
Jain. S.A.-Reality: an English translation of Shri Pujyapada's Sarvärthasiddhi, Vira Sāsana Sangha, Calcutta. 1960.
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