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Abhidhāna Rājendra Kośa enumerates 18 dośas : 1. DānaAntarāya (obstacle to give charity) 2. Lābha-Antarāya (hindrance to gain) 3. Bhoga-Antarāya (obstacle to enjoyment), 4. UpbhogaAntarāya (Hindrance to power), 6. Mithyātva (Wrong belief), 7. Ajñana (ignorance), 8. Avirati (vowlessness), 9. Kamaicchā (sexual enjoyment), 10. Hāśya (laugh), 11. Rati (inclination towards demerits), 12. Arati (noninclination for merit), 13. Soka (sorrow), 14. Bhaya (fear), 15. Jugupsā (disgust), 16. Rāga (attachment), 17. Dveśa (aversion), 18. Nidrā (sleep). 19 Realisation of Divinity : The Essence of Jainism
The Pañcanamokāramantra is the essence of Jaina faith.20 The recitation of mantra is a form of pūjā (adoration) of the five Holy or Divine Personages; a mode of bhakti, or an act of sharing in the divine glories of the Holy beings; an act of declaring and affirming faith, belief and convictions in the doctrines and practices of Jainas to attain the Divinity.21 Dr. William considers Pañcā-namaskāra as the aparājitamantra.22
The offering of prayers to and meditation on the five pada are reverences to the essential attributes of the five Divinities only and not the person. It is strong faith of the jainas that Divinities (Pañcāparameștins) neither can remove the karma of the devotee nor even can fulfil the wants, desired by him.
The offering of prayers to and the meditations of the Gods in Jainism-as in the highest form of a rational religion, are perfectly disinterested. No favours are sought from the God or the Gods and the result of the Divine worship is simply the development and perfection of one's own self. Ācārya Hemcandra observes that Stuti (devotion) purifies the knowledge.23 Jainism believes that neigher the Tīrthankara can give any object nor can release the sinner. In Hinduism, the Lord Krsna in Bhagvad Gita declares 'just surrender unto me and I shall save you from all sins. 24 A Tīrthankara in Jainism does not make such promises and does not give boons but gives the guidance and directs one to realize the truth and thereby achieve for
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