Indian Antiquary Vol 41

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 54

50
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[MARCH, 1912,
" (The year) which is less' (than the Sarana year) by 86 (day); that which is less by 9 (days); that which is less by 6 (days); then the Savana year (of 360 days); then the year which is greater than the Savana year by 18 days. The sidereal year (of 351 days) bas a thirteenth month (of 27 days). Then the two kinds of years: the lanar and the Savana. Then the year which is greater than the Savana year by 18 days: one has to observe (it) on every 88th or 37th full-moon.
"He has to know the four forms of Gavâm-Ayana. Of them, the sidereal year (of 894 days) is the first; its months are of 27 days each, because there are 27 nakshatras. The mode of observing it (is this): in the place of each first [period of six days called] Abhiplara (of every month of 30 days) before the central day of the year), one should observe [a period of only three days known as] Trikzdruka :14 (likewise in the place) of each last (Abhiplava) after the central day. Some say that they (the Trikadruka days) are so devised as to be of the same form as the Abhiplava days; they have their place here ; nor is their observance opposed to that of the Abhiplara days. It is also known that, like the Svarasdman days, 16 the unit of three days [the Trikadruka days) is devised as a special period of three days. The three Trikadruka days, as well as the five days of the six Abhiplava days are observed together in the sacrificial session of seventeen nights 16 Others say that the Triladruka days are the same as the Svaras aman days. And thus the usual form of the calendar days and their rites is not lost; for the Trikadruka days have their own independent place in all sacrificial sessions.
“Then the year of 851 days) which is less than the Savana year) by nine days :1' thus it has thirteen months each of 27 days). He has to omit nine days in the two intercalary months [savóharya ;18 .c., the sixth and the seventh month, each of 30 days]; four days are to be omitted) before the central day of the year, and five days after it. This is how it is done in the place of the first Abhi plava (of the sixth month of 30 days before the central day, only two days known as jyólis and go, are to be ouserved; and in the place of the last Abhiplara of the serenth month) after the central day, only one day, known as jyótis, is to be observed. No central day occurs in the year (of 351 dayo); for it is counted in its latter half.
" Then the lunar years (of 354 days) which are less than the Savana year) by six days :10 in. the first half of this year) there are six months, beginning with one which is full [i. e., consists of 30 days) and ending with one which is deficient (s.e., contains only 29 days] ; in the latter (half there are sis months), beginning with one which is deficient and ending with one which is full, This is how it is observed in the deficient months before the central day, in the place of each first Abhiplava one should observe (only five days of Abhi placa ; (likewise in the place of each last (Abhiplava) in the deficient months after the central day.
14 Trikadruka is the name given to a unit of three days, of which the first day is called jyotis, 'light', the sepond go, cow', and the third ayva, life'. Abhiplara is the name given to a unit of six days, of whioh the first three days are named like the Trikadruka days and the last three days are onlled go, ayu, and jyotis.
15 Svarseman is a name given to the three days before and after the central day of a sacrificial session, Special Sama-chants are sung on those six days. If the Trikadruka days were considered as identioal with the Svarasaman days, which are strictly observed immediately bofore and after the central day of a sacrificial session, the other days of the session would be counted in periods of six days each. This appears to be the meaning of 'an independent place for the Trikadruka daya.'
16 The 17 nights soom to me to be the pights of 8 Spara aman daya plus 6 7vikudruka days plus 5 Abhiplata daya.-J. F. Fleet.
17 Soe Calendar, Form II. below.
* (I do not see how raibharya can be fairly rendered by 'intercalary'. It means that which may be brought together, and seems to mean, rather, the two months which are susceptible of contraction by shorten. ing'.-J. F. Fleet.
19 Bpe Calendar, Form IIT, below.