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OCTOBER, 1919.) BRAHMAN IMMIGRATION INTO SQUTHERN INDIA
229.
It is said that during the time of Nilantaru Tiruvil Panrlyan, the submergence of the land took place and Ugra-Pandy, his successor, vowed that he would mako amends for it by annexing the land to the north as far as the Ganges and the Himalayas. Perhaps it was in consequence of this resolve, he led his expedition into the north and there encountered the Aryans, who had then been poaring into India through the passes of the Himalayas.
In their first conflicts the Aryans seem to have called these Dasyus and Panis, as evidenced by the Rig Veda. Dasyu (thief) was very likely the name given to ono section of this Dravidiu race known as the Cholas or Cholis, from which the Coromandal coast derives its name (CT! DOL.6.). Chola is the Tamil word CF , a softenel form perlaps of C ry. That the country itself was once called C# is evidenced by the fact that the original name of the Chols capital, Uraiyar, was sy, from which also was derived CT 6 Calient of our English geography) perhaps a west coast settlement from the Chola land, when, in the 17th century. that kingdom gained its lost power, and led by Rajaraja, Ko-para-kesari, and others, extended its dominions on all sides. The name Car itself was perhaps given to the land by the people from the shelly nature of its beach, deriving it from a i.c., to have a shore in gentle waves. But the Aryans must have mispronounced Chola as 'chira,' and misunderstood it as meaning thief, perhaps led into that misunderstanding by the raiding propensities of those peoples; and consequently re-named them Dasyu in unambiguous Samskrit. As for the word Pami its nothing but the Dravidian name பணிp reserved in words liko பாணியன், பணிக்கன், which means todily: Levof war or panis means a native of the todily country or the toddy-bibber. UiT or Low might have been a later adaptation of that word after closer contact with the Åryans of the north. Thus we see that even during the Rig Vedic times the Aryans and the Dravidians must have come in contact with each other; it was, however, chiefly with the Dasyus that the Aryans had to fight and the Rig Veda speaks of many hundreds of Dasyus sent to sleep by Indra and many forts (99) belonging to them destroyed by the advancing Aryans, It was the Dasyus or the Chöras or the Cholas that formed the moro alvanced northern wing of the Dravidian race settled along the east coast and penetrating even into the plains of Hindustan through the low-lying lands of the Gangetic delta. Masulipatam, known as Masoli to Ptolemy, Strabo end other classical geograpbers, bears clear testimony to the northward expansion of the Cholas in early times. Hiouen Thoang, writing so late as in the 7th century A. D., places the Cholas to the north of the Dravidas, the latter having Kåvchi for their capital; perhaps he refers by this term to the Pallava power in the ascendant in Káñchi in those times; while the Chola country itself is described by him as deserted and wild. Perhaps the modern ndhras, who inhabit the Northern Circars and a good portion of the ceded districts and the Nizam's dominions as far up as the Central Indian States, might have been the product of the interningling of the advance Dravidian wing in the Cholas and the Kolarians, whereof the Odd hras seem to be an offshoot. From the numerical superiority of the Oddhras, the name Andra, which can be easily equated to Andhra, might have been given to this mixture of the races. In those days the differentiation of Telugu and Tamil does not seem to have taken place. And the Cholas must have spoken a tongue which was the parent of modern Telugu and more akin to Tamil. It was, in fact, the Tamil of the first Sangham of the Tamil land. The name Dravida, given in common to all the languages of the south, shows that at the time when that name was given, Tamil must have been the comnion tongue. For Dravila is nothing but an Årganised form of Tamil, the local name for the language meaning nice or sweet--the linguistic equation being suy = sur = damila = damida = dramida dravida, from which Dravida was derived. As a consequence of these early contests and the resulting intermixture of the two races, th: Aryans very carly became
