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AUGUST, 1891.)
TIIE EASTERN CHALUKYA CHRONOLOGY.
279
himself with tribute before tho king. And the expedition was led by a minister or general of Kulottunga-Chôdadêva I., named Karunakara, of the Pallava lineage, who had the titles of Tondaimân and king of Vandainagara, and the banner of a bull. Arguing on the grounds that it is not mentioned in inscriptions up to the twentieth year of the king's reign, whereas it is mentioned in thoso dated in the twenty-sixth year, Mr. V. K. Pillai has placed the date of this campaign between those years (loc. cil. p. 338, 1.23); 1. e. in the period A. D. 1082 to 1088. But I am not satisfied as to the correctness of this. The ruler of Kalinga at this time was Anantavarma-Chôdagangadêva of Kalinganagara, whose coronation took place on the 17th February, A.D. 1078 (ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 162). And, as the expedition was directed against a chief who was claimed as a vassal, I should think that it must be placed at least before the time when we find Anantavarma-Chodagangadóva in possession of the paramount titles; i. e. before April, A. D. 1081 (loc. cit.). A previous conquest of Kalinga, in A. D. 918, is claimed for Kollabiganda-Vijayaditya IV. (see page 101 above). And Vikramaditya II. is said to have ruled over Trikalinga or the threo Kalingas (pago 269 above).
The poem is extremely interesting, in a goneral way, on account of its graphic language, the full list that it gives of the chiefs who were claimed as vassals, the geographical and histo• rical details mentioned in connection with tho march of the army and in other passages, and
the spirited description of the battle. But it includes also somo special points, to which particular attention has to be directed,
Tho first is, that nowhere is any mention made of the Vonge country, of the Chalukya family, or even of the boar-crest of the Chalukyas ;35 Kulottunga-Chodadeva I. is treated throughout as purely a Chola king. The introductory genealogy (p. 330 f.) is that of the Chola family, traced through Sürya, the Sun, up to the gods Brahman and Vishņu; thus it is the pedigree of a branch of the Solar Race; and the first historical names in it are the names of Chôla kings of the Chola mandala. Kulottuuga-Chôdadêva I. is there introduced, under the title of Abhaya (the fearless'), as if he was the direct lineal descendant, on his father's side, of those kings; throughout, there is connocted with him the tiger-banner of the Cholas (e.g. pp. 329, last line; 332, line 3 from the bottom; 333, l. 28; 334, 1. 18), the origin of which seems to be attributed to the first of the two Rajakesarins (p. 331, 1. 8); and, where he is not referred to by the title of Abhaya, which is mostly used for him in this poom, or by his name of Kulottunga-Chola, which occurs twice (pp. 335, 1. 26; 337, 1. 4), ho is called the Chola (p. 332, 1. 29), the Chenni Chôļa; pp. 330, l. 17; 333, 1. 14), and Karikala-Chola (p. 337, 1. 15), which last appears to be peculiarly a Chola namo. The conclusion of the genealogy reads as if Kulôttunga-Chôdadôva I. succeeded naturally to a hereditary throne, - that of the Cholas. There seems, indeed, to be a hint of the truth somewhere else in the poem; viz. that there was a time of anarchy just before his accession (see p. 338, line 7 f. from the bottom). But, in the published extracts, his real identity and descent are indicated only in the passages which describe him as a prince of both the Lunar and the Solar Races, born from the wife, belonging to the Solar Race, of a king of the Lunar Race (p. 332, 1. 2 ff.). This shows plainly that by paternal descent he belonged to the Chalukya family, and though the names of his parents are not given, still, -taken in connection with the epigraphical passages which state the birth of Kulôttunga-Chôdadêva I. and describe how he first succeeded to the throne of Vengi and then assumed the empiro of the Chola kingdom, and with the occurrence of the name Kulôttunga-Chola in the poom, -the mention of the mother of the reigning king of this poem, as a daughter of RÂjarAja of the Solar Race, establishes conclusively the point that his parents were the Eastern Chalukya king Rajaraja I. and his wife Ammangadevi, daughter of Rajên
# Reference is made to a banner of a boar (p. 830, 11); but that is a different thing. - The practice appears to have boon uniform, of having one device for the crest (lañchhana) to be also used on coins, and another for the banner (Jhvqja); note, for instance, the elephant-crest and the Garuda-banner of the Rattas of Saandatti and Belgun; the lion-crest and tho monkey-banner of the Kadambas of Banaw&si; and the monkey-banner c? the Kadanbid of Goa, aud the lion on their cuius.
